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Gurung D, Neupane M, Bhattarai K, Acharya B, Gautam NC, Gautam K, Koirala S, Marahatta K, Gurung P, Khadka KB, Kohrt BA, Thornicroft G, Gronholm PC. Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis - ERRATUM. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2024; 32:e72. [PMID: 38173236 PMCID: PMC10803186 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
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Gurung D, Neupane M, Bhattarai K, Acharya B, Gautam NC, Gautam K, Koirala S, Marahatta K, Gurung P, Khadka KB, Kohrt BA, Thornicroft G, Gronholm PC. Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in health and social policies in Nepal: A scoping review and synthesis. Epidemiol Psychiatr Sci 2023; 32:e70. [PMID: 38086740 PMCID: PMC10803190 DOI: 10.1017/s2045796023000823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2023] [Revised: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS National policies can be used to reveal structural stigma and discrimination in relation to mental health. This review assesses how structural stigma and discrimination are manifested in the policies and legislations of Government of Nepal. METHODS Scoping review methodology was followed to review policy documents (acts of parliament, legislation, policies, strategies, guidelines and official directives) drafted or amended after 2010. RESULTS Eighty-nine policies were identified related to health, social welfare, development and regulations which were relevant to people with psychosocial and mental disabilities or have addressed the mental health agendas. Several critical policy failings and gaps are revealed, such as the use of stigmatizing language (e.g., 'insane' or 'lunatic'), inconsistencies within and between policies, deviation from international protocols defining legal capacity and consent, lack of inclusion of the mental health agenda in larger development policies and lack of cost-effective interventions and identification of financing mechanisms. Provisions for people living with mental health conditions included adequate standard of living; attaining standard mental health; the right to exercise legal capacity, liberty and security; freedom from torture or discrimination; and right to live independently. However, other policies contradicted these rights, such as prohibiting marriage, candidacy for and retention of positions of authority and vulnerability to imprisonment. CONCLUSION Mental health-related structural stigma and discrimination in Nepal can be identified through the use of discriminator language and provisions in the policies. The structural stigma and discrimination may be addressed through revision of the discriminating policies, integrating the mental health agenda into larger national and provincial policies, and streamlining policies to comply with national and international protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- D. Gurung
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - M. Neupane
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Bhattarai
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B. Acharya
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N. C. Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Gautam
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Center for Global Mental Health Equity, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - S. Koirala
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K. Marahatta
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country office for Nepal, Nepal
| | - P. Gurung
- National Indigenous Disabled Women Association Nepal (NIDWAN), Nepal
| | - K. B. Khadka
- Gandaki Province Health Directorate, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - B. A. Kohrt
- Center for Global Mental Health Equity, The George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
| | - G. Thornicroft
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - P. C. Gronholm
- Centre for Global Mental Health and Centre for Implementation Science, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King’s College London, London, UK
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Samanta S, Sk MF, Koirala S, Kar P. Exploring molecular interactions of potential inhibitors against the spleen tyrosine kinase implicated in autoimmune disorders via virtual screening and molecular dynamics simulations. SAR QSAR Environ Res 2023:1-29. [PMID: 37881946 DOI: 10.1080/1062936x.2023.2266364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The spleen tyrosine kinase (Syk) plays a pivotal role in immune cells' signal transduction mechanism. While fostamatinib, an FDA-approved Syk inhibitor, is currently used to treat immune thrombocytopenia, the search for improved Syk-targeted medications to treat autoimmune diseases is still underway. Herein, we screened 38,493 compounds against Syk and selected eight leads based on the docking score and ADMET properties, and performed 3× 200 ns long molecular dynamics simulations of the apo and Syk-ligand complexes. We considered R406, the active component of fostamatinib, as a control. The molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area (MM-PBSA) calculations demonstrated the lead1 (Δ G b i n d = -30.35 kcal/mol) exhibited a similar binding free energy as the control (Δ G b i n d = -29.82 kcal/mol). The Syk stabilizing effect of lead1 was also indicated in its network features, sampling space, and residual correlation motion analysis. We further generated 100 structural analogues of lead1 using deep learning, and one of the analogues displayed a better binding free energy (Δ G b i n d = -47.58 kcal/mol) compared to the control or lead1, facilitated by more favourable van der Waals interactions and lesser binding-opposing net polar forces. This analogue may be further exploited to develop effective therapeutics against Syk-associated diseases after validation in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Samanta
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - M F Sk
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
- Theoretical and Computational Biophysics Group, NIH Resource for Macromolecular Modeling and Visualization, Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - P Kar
- Department of Biosciences and Biomedical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology Indore, Madhya Pradesh, India
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Koirala S, Myers B, Shin GY, Gitaitis R, Kvitko BH, Dutta B. Evaluating Options to Increase the Efficacy of Biocontrol Agents for the Management of Pantoea spp. Under Field Conditions. Plant Dis 2023; 107:2701-2708. [PMID: 36774574 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-11-22-2710-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Center rot of onion is caused by a complex of plant pathogenic Pantoea species, which can lead to significant yield losses in the field and during storage. Conventional growers use foliar protectants such as a mixture of copper bactericides and an ethylene-bis-dithiocarbamate (EBDC) fungicide to manage the disease; however, organic growers have limited management options besides copper-protectants. Biocontrol agents (BCAs) provide an alternative; however, their efficacy could be compromised due in part to their inability to colonize the foliage. We hypothesized that pretreatment with peroxide (OxiDate 2.0: a.i., hydrogen peroxide and peroxyacetic acid) enhances the colonizing ability of the subsequently applied BCAs, leading to effective center rot management. Field trials were conducted in 2020 and 2021 to assess the efficacy of peroxide, BCAs (Serenade ASO: Bacillus subtilis and BlightBan: Pseudomonas fluorescens), and an insecticide program (tank mix of spinosad and neem oil) to manage center rot. We observed no significant difference in foliar area under the disease progress curve (AUDPC) between the peroxide pretreated P. fluorescens plots and only P. fluorescens-treated plots in 2020 and 2021. Peroxide pretreatment before B. subtilis application significantly reduced the foliar AUDPC as compared with the stand-alone B. subtilis treatment in 2020; however, no such difference was observed in 2021. Similarly, peroxide pretreatment before either of the BCAs did not seem to reduce the incidence of bulb rot as compared with the stand-alone BCA treatment in any of the trials (2020 and 2021). Additionally, our foliar microbiome study showed comparatively higher P. fluorescens retention on peroxide pretreated onion foliage; however, at the end of the growing season, P. fluorescens was drastically reduced and was virtually nonexistent (<0.002% of the total reads). Overall, the pretreatment with peroxide had a limited effect in improving the foliar colonizing ability of BCAs and consequently a limited effect in managing center rot.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Koirala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Brendon Myers
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Gi Yoon Shin
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Ron Gitaitis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
| | - Brian H Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA
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Subedi N, Sharma Paudel I, Koirala S, Pokharel D, Sharma B, Shrestha A, Panta S, Aryal N, Khadka R, Paudel S. Pattern of Deaths among Women of Reproductive Age in Major Autopsy Centres of Capital Cities of the Seven Provinces of Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2022; 20:412-418. [PMID: 36550721 DOI: 10.33314/jnhrc.v20i02.4054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 11/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The females in the reproductive age group are vulnerable to injuries and diseases. There is no reliable evidence of the pattern of deaths in reproductive age group females from Nepal. This study was conducted to explore the patterns of deaths of females of the reproductive age group in Nepal. METHODS A multicentric quantitative cross-sectional study was conducted among the 611 deceased females of age 15 to 49 years who had undergone medico-legal autopsy in major autopsy centers of the capital cities of seven provinces of Nepal in a duration of one year. The demographic, clinical, and causes of death data were retrieved from the records and analyzed. The intentional and unintentional causes were compared with the marital status, age groups, ethnicity, and deceased of rural and urban communities. RESULTS Female reproductive age group deaths constituted 611 (20·64%) of the total autopsies. Suicide was the most common manner of death (413, 67·59%) followed by accident (121, 19·80%). The most common cause of suicide was hanging (258, 62·47%) followed by poisoning (149, 36·08%) whereas road traffic accident (72, 59·5%) was the commonest cause of accidental death. Intentional deaths were associated with higher risk to the females of younger age groups (p<0·001), ethnicity of the hilly region (p<0·001), and unmarried women (p=0·001). CONCLUSIONS Suicide was the commonest manner of death among the autopsies of females of the reproductive age group in Nepal. Appropriate preventive strategies need to be developed to uplift the overall health, socioeconomic status, and general wellbeing of the females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Gandaki Province, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Ishwari Sharma Paudel
- Department of Public Health and Community Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Gandaki Province, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Santosh Koirala
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chitwan Medical College, Bagmati Province, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Dikshanta Pokharel
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Birat Medical College, Biratnagar, Province 1, Nepal
| | - Bibhuti Sharma
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Rapti Academy of Health Sciences, Dang, Lumbini Province, Nepal
| | - Ahana Shrestha
- Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Lumbini Province, Butwal, Nepal
| | - Sujata Panta
- Hetauda Hospital, Bagmati Province, Hetauda, Nepal
| | - Niraj Aryal
- Seti Provincial Hospital, Karnali Province, Dhandadi, Nepal
| | - Rabin Khadka
- Surkhet Health Service Directorate, Karnali Province, Nepal
| | - Sabita Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Center, Gandaki Province, Pokhara, Nepal
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Koirala S. Intimate Partner Violence and Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2022; 20:290-294. [PMID: 37042368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/13/2023]
Abstract
Background Intimate partner violence (IPV) is an abuse or harm that occurs in a close relationship. The World Health Organization (WHO) estimated that, globally, 35% of women living in industrialized and developed countries have experienced exposure to intimate partner violence and during pregnancy it is associated with low birth weight, preterm birth, and even death of the baby. Objective To find out proportion of intimate partner violence and adverse pregnancy outcome among postnatal mothers who recently delivered their baby. Method A cross-sectional study was conducted among 220 postnatal mothers using a structured questionnaire based on 13-item WHO Violence against women instrument in Nepali language. Face-to-face interview technique was used to collect data using consecutive sampling technique at Kathmandu Medical College teaching Hospital. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Result In recent pregnancy, 32.7% of women had experienced intimate partner violence at least once, which has been categorized as physical 28.6%, psychological 30.9%, and 22.7% sexual violence. Among them, 36% had low birth weight babies, 24% had preterm, 2.8% had dead baby, and 35% reported abortion in previous pregnancy. In the binary logistic regression, intimate partner violence was significantly associated with preterm baby (OR-1.143, 95% CI- 0.386-3.384, p=0.002), low-birth weight (OR0.237, 95% CI- 0.093-0.602, p ≤ 0.001), and abortion (OR-0.021, 95% CI- 0.003-0.175, p ≤ 0.001). Conclusion One in three women experienced intimate partner violence during their recent pregnancy and is associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Programs targeting screening of intimate partner violence against women should therefore be emphasized during reproductive health services such that adverse pregnancy outcomes can be prevented.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu Medical College, Duwakot, Bhaktapur
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Koirala S, Subedi K, Subedi N. Unnatural Deaths among Autopsy Cases Brought at Tertiary Care Hospital of Western Nepal during COVID-19 Pandemic Period: A Descriptive Cross-sectional Study. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2021; 59:1293-1296. [PMID: 35199792 PMCID: PMC9200028 DOI: 10.31729/jnma.6484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2021] [Accepted: 12/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The outbreak of COVID-19 as changed patterns of mortality in different setups. The rate of suicide has increased in some countries during the pandemic while the overall death rates have decreased. The study was conducted with objective to find out the prevalence of unnatural deaths among the autopsy cases brought at tertiary care hospital during COVID-19 pandemic period. METHODS This is a descriptive cross-sectional study using the records of the medico legal autopsies conducted from 24th March 2020 to 23rd August 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic in Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences. Ethical approval was taken from Institutional Review Committee of Pokhara Academy of Health Sciences (Reference number 28.2077/78). Whole sampling method was used. Records which were available were included in the study whereas those cases whose complete records were not available were excluded. Point estimate at 95% confidence interval was calculated along with frequency and proportion for binary data. RESULTS Out of 188 deaths studied at the autopsy during the COVID-19 pandemic period, the prevalence of unnatural deaths was 147 (78.19%) (71.04-85.33 at 95% Confidence Interval). Among these deaths, 109 (74.14%) were males and 38 (25.85%) were females. Suicide was the most common manner attributing to 78 (53.06%) of the unnatural deaths. CONCLUSIONS The prevalence of suicide was more than those demonstrated by earlier observations in similar settings before the pandemic period. Suicidal deaths were more common during the COVID 19 pandemic. This is an indicator of frustration of the people and necessary steps have to be taken to decrease such deaths in similar conditions to come.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Koirala
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Chitwan Medical College, Chitwan, Nepal
| | - Krishna Subedi
- Department of Community Dentistry, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal
| | - Nuwadatta Subedi
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal,Correspondence: Dr. Nuwadatta Subedi, Department of Forensic Medicine, Gandaki Medical College Teaching Hospital and Research Centre, Pokhara, Nepal. , Phone: +977-9855054563
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Koirala S, Shah NP, Pyakurel P, Khanal M, Rajbhandari SK, Pun T, Shrestha B, Maharjan B, Karki S, Koirala S, Tamang KB, Roggi A, Kumar AMV, Ortuño-Gutiérrez N. High success and low recurrence with shorter treatment regimen for multidrug-resistant TB in Nepal. Public Health Action 2021; 11:38-45. [PMID: 34778014 PMCID: PMC8575385 DOI: 10.5588/pha.21.0041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Nine drug-resistant TB centres, some of them supported by Damien Foundation in Nepal where >80% of multidrug-resistant/rifampicin-resistant TB (MDR/RR-TB) patients are treated. OBJECTIVE: To assess the uptake, effectiveness and safety of the 9–12-month shorter treatment regimen (STR) in MDR/RR-TB patients registered from January 2018 to December 2019. DESIGN: This was a cohort study involving secondary programme data. RESULTS: Of 631 patients, 301 (48.0%) started and continued STR. Key reasons for ineligibility to start/continue STR were baseline resistance or exposure to second-line drugs (62.0%), contact with extensively drug-resistant TB (XDR-TB) or pre-XDR-TB (7.0%) patients and unavailability of STR drugs (6.0%). Treatment success was 79.6%; unsuccessful outcomes were death (12.0%), lost to follow-up (5.3%), failure (2.7%) and not evaluated (0.7%). Unsuccessful outcomes were significantly associated with HIV positivity and patient age ⩾55 years, with adjusted relative risk of respectively 2.39 (95% CI 1.52–3.77) and 3.86 (95% CI 2.30–6.46). Post-treatment recurrence at 6 and 12 months was respectively 0.5% and 2.4%. Serious adverse events (SAEs) were seen in 15.3% patients — hepatotoxicity and ototoxicity were most common. CONCLUSION: STR had a modest uptake, high treatment success and low post-treatment recurrence. For proper detection and management of SAEs, improving pharmacovigilance might be considered. Availability of rapid diagnostic test for second-line drugs is crucial for correct patient management.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - N P Shah
- National TB Control Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - P Pyakurel
- School of Public Health and Community Medicine, B P Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - M Khanal
- National TB Control Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - S K Rajbhandari
- Sukra Raj Tropical and Infectious Disease Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - T Pun
- National TB Control Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - B Shrestha
- German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal Anti TB Association (NATA), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B Maharjan
- National TB Control Center, Bhaktapur, Nepal
| | - S Karki
- German Nepal Tuberculosis Project, Nepal Anti TB Association (NATA), Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Yeti Health Science Academy, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K B Tamang
- Lalgadh Leprosy Hospital and Service Center, Dhanusa, Nepal
| | - A Roggi
- Damien Foundation Belgium, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A M V Kumar
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease (The Union), Paris, France.,The Union, South-East Asia Office, New Delhi, India.,Yenepoya Medical College, Yenepoya (deemed University), Mangaluru, India
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Karki S, Koirala S, Shrestha S. Risk Factors of Malnutrition among under Five Children Admitted in Kanti Children's Hospital in Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2021; 19:486-493. [PMID: 36259193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Background World Health Organization (WHO) stated that malnutrition is a major global health and social problem from which many people are suffering, particularly children. Poor feeding and care practices, insufficient nutrient intake, high rate of infection and teenage pregnancy are the immediate causes of chronic malnutrition. Objective To identify the risk factors for malnutrition among under five children. Method A case control study was carried out among the mothers having under-5 years' children who were admitted in the Kanti Children's Hospital of Nepal from 1st August 2019 to 7th September 2020. Non-probability purposive sampling technique was used to select 50 children with malnutrition and 100 children without malnutrition matched on age, sex and setting. A structured interview was used to collect data from mothers of both cases and controls. Descriptive and inferential statistics were used to analyze the data. Result Present study reveals that 58% girl got marriage before 20 years. After confounders adjusted, mother's age ≥ 20 years at marriage (OR: 2.74, 95% CI: 0.98-7.63. p=0.05), and mother's age ≥ 20 years at child birth (OR: 7.74, 95% CI: 2.37-25.27. p=0.001), were significantly associated with having malnutrition among under five children. Similarly, accessibility of health facility (OR: 3.31, 95% CI: 1-10.94. p=0.05), fathers who completed master in education (OR: 0.08, 95% CI: 0.01-0.88. p=0.04), children who lived in joint family (OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.07-0.86. p=0.03), child < 2.5 kg at birth (OR: 0.18, 95% CI: 0.05-0.62. p=0.01), and second and third or above in order (OR: 0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-1.04. p=0.05) had significantly less chance of having malnutrition. Children's whose birth interval was 2-3 years were significantly (OR: 9.74, 95% CI: 1.16-82.23. p=0.04) associated with the occurrence of malnutrition. Children who had suffered from multiple co-morbidities in last one year were (OR: 4.55, 95% CI: 0.48-43.03. p=0.18) more chance of having malnutrition. Likewise, the mothers who feed colostrum to their child had (OR: 2.28, 95% CI: 0.52- 9.26. p=0.29) almost two-fold less chance of having malnutrition. Mothers who had done exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months had (OR: 40.55, 95% CI: 3.35-1.490.92. p=0.008) significantly associated with having malnutrition. Conclusion Low education status of father, living in single family, exclusive breast feeding ≥ 4 months, lack of balance diet were significant risk factors of malnutrition. Based on finding, reliable longitudinal studies, interventions and program to educate parent for prevention of malnutrition are necessary in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Karki
- Department of Nursing, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Nursing, Tribhuvan University Institute of Medicine, Maharajgunj Nursing Campus, Maharajgunj, Kathmandu
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Nursing, Dhulikhel Hospital, Kathmandu University Hospital, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Koirala S, Zhao M, Agarwal G, Gitaitis R, Stice S, Kvitko B, Dutta B. Identification of Two Novel Pathovars of Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes Affecting Allium sp. and Millets. Phytopathology 2021; 111:1509-1519. [PMID: 33599528 DOI: 10.1094/phyto-11-20-0508-r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Pantoea stewartii subsp. indologenes is a causative agent of leafspot of foxtail millet and pearl millet; however, novel strains were recently identified that are pathogenic on onion. We phenotypically and genotypically characterized 17 P. stewartii subsp. indologenes strains from onion and other sources (pearl millet, foxtail millet, guar pulse, verbena, and corn). Based on the host range evaluation, we propose two pathovars: P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. cepacicola pv. nov. and P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. setariae pv. nov. P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. cepacicola pv. nov. causes symptoms on Allium spp. (leek, onion, chive, and Japanese bunching onion) and on foxtail millet, pearl millet, and oat. However, P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. setariae pv. nov. can only infect the members of Poaceae family (foxtail millet, pearl millet, and oat). We also propose that the type strain of P. stewartii subsp. indologenes (LMG 2632T) should be designated as a pathotype strain of P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. setariae and recommend that the strain PNA 14-12 be designated as the pathotype strain of P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pv. cepacicola. The digital DNA-DNA hybridization (dDDH), average nucleotide identity (ANI), and multilocus sequence analysis study showed that the two pathovars are genotypically closely related. Our study also showed that P. stewartii subsp. indologenes pathovars and P. stewartii subsp. stewartii share high genotypic relatedness and cannot be differentiated by dDDH and ANI values. Although the newly proposed pathovars are not clearly distinguishable by their fatty acid and methyl esterase profiles and substrate use patterns, a fatty acid (unknown with retention time: 10.9525) and a few metabolites (3-methyl glucose, Na butyrate, and fusidic acid) can be potentially used to distinguish them. We also report the distribution of previously known pathogenicity (HiVir, hrcC) and virulence (alt) factors of Pantoea spp. in the new pathovars. The impact of these new pathovars in the center rot pathosystem of onion is yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Koirala
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Mei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Gaurav Agarwal
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Ron Gitaitis
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
| | - Shaun Stice
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Brian Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, Coastal Plain Experiment Station, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793
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Zhao M, Koirala S, Chen HC, Gitaitis R, Kvitko B, Dutta B. Pseudomonas capsici sp. nov., a plant-pathogenic bacterium isolated from pepper leaf in Georgia, USA. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2021; 71. [PMID: 34424837 PMCID: PMC8513616 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.004971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Three phytopathogenic bacterial strains (Pc19-1T, Pc19-2 and Pc19-3) were isolated from seedlings displaying water-soaked, dark brown-to-black, necrotic lesions on pepper (Capsicum annuum) leaves in Georgia, USA. Upon isolation on King’s medium B, light cream-coloured colonies were observed and a diffusible fluorescent pigment was visible under ultraviolet light. Analysis of their 16S rRNA gene sequences showed that they belonged to the genus Pseudomonas, with the highest similarity to Pseudomonas cichorii ATCC 10857T (99.7 %). The fatty acid analysis revealed that the majority of the fatty acids were summed feature 3 (C16 : 1 ω7c/C16 : 1 ω6c), C16 : 0 and summed feature 8 (C18 : 1 ω7c/C18 : 1 ω6c). Phylogenomic analyses based on whole genome sequences demonstrated that the pepper strains belonged to the Pseudomonas syringae complex with P. cichorii as their closest neighbour, and formed a separate monophyletic clade from other species. Between the pepper strains and P. cichorii, the average nucleotide identity values were 91.3 %. Furthermore, the digital DNA–DNA hybridization values of the pepper strains when compared to their closest relatives, including P. cichorii, were 45.2 % or less. In addition, biochemical and physiological features were examined in this study and the results indicate that the pepper strains represent a novel Pseudomonas species. Therefore, we propose a new species Pseudomonas capsici sp. nov., with Pc19-1T (=CFBP 8884T=LMG 32209T) as the type strain. The DNA G+C content of the strain Pc19-1T is 58.4 mol%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zhao
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
| | - Santosh Koirala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
| | - Hsiao-Chun Chen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Ronald Gitaitis
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
| | - Brian Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Athens GA 30602, USA
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia, Tifton GA 31793, USA
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Koirala S, Borisov S, Danila E, Mariandyshev A, Shrestha B, Lukhele N, Dalcolmo M, Shakya SR, Miliauskas S, Kuksa L, Manga S, Aleksa A, Denholm JT, Khadka HB, Skrahina A, Diktanas S, Ferrarese M, Bruchfeld J, Koleva A, Piubello A, Koirala GS, Udwadia ZF, Palmero DJ, Munoz-Torrico M, Gc R, Gualano G, Grecu VI, Motta I, Papavasileiou A, Li Y, Hoefsloot W, Kunst H, Mazza-Stalder J, Payen MC, Akkerman OW, Bernal E, Manfrin V, Matteelli A, Mustafa Hamdan H, Nieto Marcos M, Cadiñanos Loidi J, Cebrian Gallardo JJ, Duarte R, Escobar Salinas N, Gomez Rosso R, Laniado-Laborín R, Martínez Robles E, Quirós Fernandez S, Rendon A, Solovic I, Tadolini M, Viggiani P, Belilovski E, Boeree MJ, Cai Q, Davidavičienė E, Forsman LD, De Los Rios J, Drakšienė J, Duga A, Elamin SE, Filippov A, Garcia A, Gaudiesiute I, Gavazova B, Gayoso R, Gruslys V, Jonsson J, Khimova E, Madonsela G, Magis-Escurra C, Marchese V, Matei M, Moschos C, Nakčerienė B, Nicod L, Palmieri F, Pontarelli A, Šmite A, Souleymane MB, Vescovo M, Zablockis R, Zhurkin D, Alffenaar JW, Caminero JA, Codecasa LR, García-García JM, Esposito S, Saderi L, Spanevello A, Visca D, Tiberi S, Pontali E, Centis R, D'Ambrosio L, van den Boom M, Sotgiu G, Migliori GB. Outcome of treatment of MDR-TB or drug-resistant patients treated with bedaquiline and delamanid: Results from a large global cohort. Pulmonology 2021; 27:403-412. [PMID: 33753021 DOI: 10.1016/j.pulmoe.2021.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends countries introduce new anti-TB drugs in the treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis. The aim of the study is to prospectively evaluate the effectiveness of bedaquiline (and/or delamanid)- containing regimens in a large cohort of consecutive TB patients treated globally. This observational, prospective study is based on data collected and provided by Global Tuberculosis Network (GTN) centres and analysed twice a year. All consecutive patients (including children/adolescents) treated with bedaquiline and/or delamanid were enrolled, and managed according to WHO and national guidelines. Overall, 52 centres from 29 countries/regions in all continents reported 883 patients as of January 31st 2021, 24/29 countries/regions providing data on 100% of their consecutive patients (10-80% in the remaining 5 countries). The drug-resistance pattern of the patients was severe (>30% with extensively drug-resistant -TB; median number of resistant drugs 5 (3-7) in the overall cohort and 6 (4-8) among patients with a final outcome). For the patients with a final outcome (477/883, 54.0%) the median (IQR) number of months of anti-TB treatment was 18 (13-23) (in days 553 (385-678)). The proportion of patients achieving sputum smear and culture conversion ranged from 93.4% and 92.8% respectively (whole cohort) to 89.3% and 88.8% respectively (patients with a final outcome), a median (IQR) time to sputum smear and culture conversion of 58 (30-90) days for the whole cohort and 60 (30-100) for patients with a final outcome and, respectively, of 55 (30-90) and 60 (30-90) days for culture conversion. Of 383 patients treated with bedaquiline but not delamanid, 284 (74.2%) achieved treatment success, while 25 (6.5%) died, 11 (2.9%) failed and 63 (16.5%) were lost to follow-up.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Damien Foundation Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Borisov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - E Danila
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - A Mariandyshev
- Northern State Medical University, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - B Shrestha
- Kalimati Chest Hospital/GENETUP/Nepal Anti Tuberculosis Association, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - N Lukhele
- TB/HIV, Hepatitis, & PMTCT Department, World Health Organization, Eswatini WHO Country Office, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - M Dalcolmo
- Reference Center Hélio Fraga, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)/Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - S R Shakya
- Lumbini Provincial Hospital, Butwal, Nepal
| | - S Miliauskas
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - L Kuksa
- MDR-TB Department, Riga East University Hospital for TB and Lung Disease Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | - S Manga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, University National San Antonio Abad Cusco, Cusco, Peru
| | - A Aleksa
- Department of Phthisiology and Pulmonology, Grodno State Medical University, Grodno, Belarus
| | - J T Denholm
- Victorian Tuberculosis Program, Melbourne Health, Department of Infectious Diseases, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H B Khadka
- Nepalgjunj TB Referral Center, TB Nepal, Nepalgunj, Nepal
| | - A Skrahina
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus
| | - S Diktanas
- Tuberculosis Department, 3rd Tuberculosis Unit, Republican Klaipėda Hospital, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - M Ferrarese
- TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | - J Bruchfeld
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - A Koleva
- Pulmonology and Physiotherapy Department, Gabrovo Lung Diseases Hospital, Gabrovo, Bulgaria
| | | | - G S Koirala
- Nepal Anti Tuberculosis Association, Morang Branch, TB Clinic, Biratnagar, Province 1, Nepal
| | - Z F Udwadia
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, P.D. Hinduja National Hospital and MRC, Mumbai, India
| | - D J Palmero
- Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Munoz-Torrico
- Clínica de Tuberculosis, Instituto Nacional De Enfermedades Respiratorias Ismael Cosio Villegas, Ciudad De Mexico, Mexico
| | - R Gc
- Damien Foundation, Midpoint District Community Memorial Hospital, Danda, Nawalparasi, Nepal
| | - G Gualano
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - V I Grecu
- National Programme for Prevention, Surveillance and Control of Tuberculosis, Dolj Province, Romania
| | - I Motta
- Department of Medical Science, Unit of Infectious Diseases, University of Torino, Italy
| | - A Papavasileiou
- Department of Tuberculosis, Sotiria Athens Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Y Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - W Hoefsloot
- Radboud University Medical Center, Center Dekkerswald, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - H Kunst
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Mazza-Stalder
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - M-C Payen
- Division of Infectious Diseases, CHU Saint-Pierre, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels, Belgium
| | - O W Akkerman
- University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Department of Pulmonary Diseases and Tuberculosis, Groningen, The Netherlands; University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, TB Center Beatrixoord, Haren, The Netherlands
| | - E Bernal
- Unidad de Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital General Universitario Reina Sofia, Murcia, Spain
| | - V Manfrin
- Infectious and Tropical Diseases Operating Unit, S. Bortolo Hospital, Vicenza, Italy
| | - A Matteelli
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB Elimination and TB/HIV Co-infection, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | | | - M Nieto Marcos
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital Doctor Moliner, Valencia, Spain
| | - J Cadiñanos Loidi
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital General de Villalba, Collado Villalba, Spain
| | | | - R Duarte
- National Reference Centre for MDR-TB, Hospital Centre Vila Nova de Gaia, Department of Pneumology, Public Health Science and Medical Education Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - N Escobar Salinas
- Division of Disease Prevention and Control, Department of Communicable Diseases, National Tuberculosis Control and Elimination Programme, Ministry of Health, Santiago, Chile
| | - R Gomez Rosso
- National Institute of Respiratory and Environmental Diseases ¨Prof. Dr. Juan Max Boettner¨ Asunción, Paraguay
| | - R Laniado-Laborín
- Universidad Autónoma de Baja California, Baja California, Mexico; Clínica de Tuberculosis del Hospital General de Tijuana, Tijuana, Baja California, Mexico
| | - E Martínez Robles
- Internal Medicine Department, Hospital de Cantoblanco- Hospital General Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - S Quirós Fernandez
- Pneumology Department, Tuberculosis Unit, Hospital de Cantoblanco- Hospital General Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - A Rendon
- Centro de Investigación, Prevención y Tratamiento de Infecciones Respiratorias CIPTIR, University Hospital of Monterrey UANL (Universidad Autonoma de Nuevo Leon), Monterrey, Mexico
| | - I Solovic
- National Institute for TB, Lung Diseases and Thoracic Surgery, Vysne Hagy, Catholic University Ruzomberok, Slovakia
| | - M Tadolini
- Infectious Diseases Unit, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Policlinico di Sant'Orsola, Bologna, Italy; Department of Medical and Surgical Sciences Alma Mater Studiorum University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - P Viggiani
- Reference Center for MDR-TB and HIV-TB, Eugenio Morelli Hospital, Sondalo, Italy
| | - E Belilovski
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M J Boeree
- Radboud University Medical Center, Center Dekkerswald, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Q Cai
- Zhejiang Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine Hospital, Hangzhou, China
| | - E Davidavičienė
- National TB Registry, Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L D Forsman
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Medicine, Solna, Karolinska Institute, Department of Infectious Diseases, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - J De Los Rios
- Centro de Excelencia de TBMDR, Hospital Nacional Maria Auxiliadora, Lima, Peru
| | - J Drakšienė
- Tuberculosis Department, 3rd Tuberculosis Unit, Republican Klaipėda Hospital, Klaipėda, Lithuania
| | - A Duga
- Baylor College of Medicine, Children's Foundation, Mbabane, Eswatini; National Pharmacovigilance Center, Eswatini Ministry of Health, Matsapha, Eswatini
| | - S E Elamin
- MDR-TB Department, Abu Anga Teaching Hospital, Khartoum, Sudan
| | - A Filippov
- Moscow Research and Clinical Center for TB Control, Moscow Government's Health Department, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - A Garcia
- Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - I Gaudiesiute
- Department of Pulmonology, Lithuanian University of Health Sciences, Kaunas, Lithuania
| | - B Gavazova
- Improve the Sustainability of the National TB Programme, Sofia, Bulgaria
| | - R Gayoso
- Reference Center Hélio Fraga, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (Fiocruz)/Ministry of Health, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V Gruslys
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - J Jonsson
- Department of Public Health Analysis and Data Management, Public Health Agency of Sweden, Solna, Sweden
| | - E Khimova
- Northern State Medical University, Northern (Arctic) Federal University, Arkhangelsk, Russian Federation
| | - G Madonsela
- Eswatini National Aids Programme, Mbabane, Eswatini
| | - C Magis-Escurra
- Radboud University Medical Center, Center Dekkerswald, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - V Marchese
- Clinic of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, WHO Collaborating Centre for TB Elimination and TB/HIV Co-infection, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - M Matei
- Hospital of Pneumophtisiology Leamna, Dolj Province, Romania; University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Craiova, Romania
| | - C Moschos
- Department of Tuberculosis, Sotiria Athens Hospital of Chest Diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - B Nakčerienė
- National TB Registry, Public Health Department, Ministry of Health, Vilnius, Lithuania; Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - L Nicod
- Division of Pulmonary Medicine, University Hospital of Lausanne CHUV, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - F Palmieri
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases 'L. Spallanzani', IRCCS, Rome, Italy
| | - A Pontarelli
- Respiratory Infectious Diseases Unit, Cotugno Hospital, A.O.R.N. dei Colli, Naples, Italy
| | - A Šmite
- MDR-TB Department, Riga East University Hospital for TB and Lung Disease Centre, Riga, Latvia
| | | | - M Vescovo
- Pulmonology Division, Municipal Hospital F. J. Muñiz, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Zablockis
- Clinic of Chest Diseases, Immunology and Allergology, Vilnius University Medical Faculty, Centre of Pulmonology and Allergology, Vilnius University Hospital Santaros Klinikos, Vilnius, Lithuania
| | - D Zhurkin
- Republican Research and Practical Centre for Pulmonology and Tuberculosis, Minsk, Belarus
| | - J-W Alffenaar
- University of Sydney, Faculty of Medicine and Health, School of Pharmacy, Sydney, Australia; Westmead Hospital, Sydney, Australia; Marie Bashir Institute of Infectious Diseases and Biosecurity, University of Sydney, Sydney, Australia
| | - J A Caminero
- Pneumology Department, Hospital General de Gran Canaria "Dr. Negrin", Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Spain; Vital Strategies, New York, USA
| | - L R Codecasa
- TB Reference Centre, Villa Marelli Institute, Niguarda Hospital, Milan, Italy
| | | | - S Esposito
- Pediatric Clinic, Pietro Barilla Children's Hospital, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - L Saderi
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of z, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - A Spanevello
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Tradate, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - D Visca
- Division of Pulmonary Rehabilitation, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri, IRCCS, Tradate, Italy; Department of Medicine and Surgery, Respiratory Diseases, University of Insubria, Tradate, Varese-Como, Italy
| | - S Tiberi
- Blizard Institute, Barts and The London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom; Department of Infection, Royal London and Newham Hospitals, Barts Health NHS Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - E Pontali
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Galliera Hospital, Genova, Italy
| | - R Centis
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy
| | - L D'Ambrosio
- Public Health Consulting Group, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - M van den Boom
- World Health Organization Regional office for Europe, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - G Sotgiu
- Clinical Epidemiology and Medical Statistics Unit, Department of z, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy
| | - G B Migliori
- Servizio di Epidemiologia Clinica delle Malattie Respiratorie, Istituti Clinici Scientifici Maugeri IRCCS, Tradate, Italy.
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Stice SP, Shin GY, De Armas S, Koirala S, Galván GA, Siri MI, Severns PM, Coutinho T, Dutta B, Kvitko BH. The Distribution of Onion Virulence Gene Clusters Among Pantoea spp. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:643787. [PMID: 33777079 PMCID: PMC7988079 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.643787] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2021] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Pantoea ananatis is a gram-negative bacterium and the primary causal agent of center rot of onions in Georgia. Previous genomic studies identified two virulence gene clusters, HiVir and alt, associated with center rot. The HiVir gene cluster is required to induce necrosis on onion tissues via synthesis of pantaphos, (2-hydroxy[phosphono-methyl)maleate), a phosphonate phytotoxin. The alt gene cluster aids in tolerance to thiosulfinates generated during onion tissue damage. Whole genome sequencing of other Pantoea species suggests that these gene clusters are present outside of P. ananatis. To assess the distribution of these gene clusters, two PCR primer sets were designed to detect the presence of HiVir and alt. Two hundred fifty-two strains of Pantoea spp. were phenotyped using the red onion scale necrosis (RSN) assay and were genotyped using PCR for the presence of these virulence genes. A diverse panel of strains from three distinct culture collections comprised of 24 Pantoea species, 41 isolation sources, and 23 countries, collected from 1946-2019, was tested. There is a significant association between the alt PCR assay and Pantoea strains recovered from symptomatic onion (P < 0.001). There is also a significant association of a positive HiVir PCR and RSN assay among P. ananatis strains but not among Pantoea spp., congeners. This may indicate a divergent HiVir cluster or different pathogenicity and virulence mechanisms. Last, we describe natural alt positive [RSN+/HiVir+/alt +] P. ananatis strains, which cause extensive bulb necrosis in a neck-to-bulb infection assay compared to alt negative [RSN+/HiVir+/alt -] P. ananatis strains. A combination of assays that include PCR of virulence genes [HiVir and alt] and an RSN assay can potentially aid in identification of onion-bulb-rotting pathogenic P. ananatis strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaun P. Stice
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Gi Yoon Shin
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Stefanie De Armas
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Santosh Koirala
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Guillermo A. Galván
- Departamento de Producción Vegetal, Centro Regional Sur (CRS), Facultad de Agronomía, Universidad de la República, Canelones, Uruguay
| | - María Inés Siri
- Área de Microbiología, Departamento de Biociencias, Facultad de Química, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Paul M. Severns
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Teresa Coutinho
- Centre for Microbial Ecology and Genomics, Forestry and Agriculture Biotechnology Institute, Department of Biochemistry, Genetics and Microbiology, University of Pretoria, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Bhabesh Dutta
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA, United States
| | - Brian H. Kvitko
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of Georgia College of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Athens, GA, United States
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Khanal L, Giri J, Shah S, Koirala S, Rimal J. Influence of learning-style preferences in academic performance in the subject of human anatomy: an institution-based study among preclinical medical students. Adv Med Educ Pract 2019; 10:343-355. [PMID: 31239799 PMCID: PMC6554476 DOI: 10.2147/amep.s198878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: The present study was conducted to find the preferred mode of learning among first-year preclinical students and compare the preferred mode of learning with sex, faculty of students, and academic performance of the students using the VARK questionnaire. Methods: A cross-sectional study was done among 142 first-year Bachelor of Medicine-Bachelor of Surgery and Bachelor of Dental Surgery students from February to May 2018. Demographic data and various academic performance marks were recorded for each individual. VARK (visual, aural, read/write and kinesthetic) questionnaire version 7.8 was administered to calculate the score of each component. Mean VARK scores were calculated and each student classified by their preferred mode of learning. The preferred mode of learning was compared with sex, nationality, faculty of students, and academic performance using χ 2, unpaired t-tests, and the Mann-Whitney U test. P<0.05 was taken as statistically significant for comparison. Results: A majority of the students (53.52%) were multimodal. The most common multimodal mode of preference was bimodal (26.06%), while the most common unimodal preference was kinesthetic (29.06%). Total V score, K score, and VARK score were higher among males, while A and R scores were higher among females. The K score (7.96±2.35 in males and 6.96±2.43 in females) differed significantly (P=0.019) between male and female subjects. More subjects with higher scores in the theory exam of anatomy were unimodal learners (53.8%) compared to multimodal learners (46.2%). Conclusion: From this study, it can be concluded that undergraduate students were diverse in their learning styles, but most were multimodal. Though learning styles were found to vary by sex, nationality, and academic performance, differences were not statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Khanal
- Department of Human Anatomy, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J Giri
- Department of Medical Education, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Shah
- Department of Human Anatomy, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Human Anatomy, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - J Rimal
- Department of Medical Education, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Koirala S, Shrestha BK, Lohani S, Bishokarma S, Devkota UP. Postoperative Complications of Transsphenoidal Pituitary Adenectomy: A Single Institution Based Experience. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2019; 17:123-125. [PMID: 32632059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Background Inside a cranium, pituitary gland seats in an area of complex anatomical construct. Further it holds a very important physiological role to maintain all bodily function. Pituitary adenoma being one of the commonest tumors of that intricate area is preferably tackled with transsphenoidal approach. However, as in any surgery, it is also not without postoperative complications. Objective To examine and categorize all the postoperative complications that we have encountered in our center after pituitary surgery. Method A retrospective study of patients who had undergone transsphenoidal pituitary adenectomy in past five years was conducted at a tertiary level neurosurgical center and various postoperative complications during hospital stay were noted and analyzed. Result In our series of 53 patients, we met different postoperative complications, out of which diabetes insipidus (DI) was the commonest. Other electrolyte abnormalities excluding diabetes insipidus was the second most common followed by Cerebrospinal fluid leak. Post-operative hematoma requiring re-exploration, panhypopituitarism, seizure and meningitis were among the rare complications. No statistically significant association was noted between tumor size, patient age and sex with surgical complications. Conclusion Postoperative complications should be anticipated in transsphenoidal pituitary surgery even though it is considered to be a relatively safe undertaking. Knowing about these complications is the first step in preventing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - B K Shrestha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Lohani
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Bishokarma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - U P Devkota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Bishokarma S, Shrestha S, Ranabhat K, Koirala S, Shrestha D, Panth R, Gongal DN. Outcome of Surgical Resection of Craniopharyngioma:Single Center 12 Years' Experience. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:328-332. [PMID: 31729348] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Craniopharyngiomas (CPs) are rare epithelial tumors arising from the Rathke's pouch remnant located along the path of the craniopharyngeal duct accounting for 1.2-4% of all primary intracranial brain tumors, the primary treatment of which is surgery. Objective Whether radical surgical resection or partial resection followed by radiotherapy is a topic of debate. We presented our 12 years single center experience on surgical resection of craniopharyngioma. Method This was a descriptive cross-sectional study conducted among forty-five patients who underwent transcranial resection of craniopharyngioma during a period of 12 years. Data were collected from medical record archives. Glassgow outcome score (GOS), electrolyte imbalance and visual complications were assessed as outcome measure. GOS > 3 was considered favorable while score ≤ 3 was considered unfavorable. Recurrence of tumors were analyzed. Result Out of 45 patients, 28 patients were male with male to female ration of 1.64. Mean age was 32.22±16.42 years. Supra-sellar craniopharyngioma were the most common location. Gross total resection was accomplished in 32 patients (71.1%) while subtotal resection among 13 patients (28.9%). Post-operative Diabetes Insipidus was developed among 35 patients (77.7%). Adamantinomatous craniopharyngioma was the most common histopathological type. Postoperative MRI with contrast was repeated to ascertain the completeness of resection. All patient with subtotal resection received radiotherapy. Follow up period ranged from 3 months to 8 years with mean of 4.2 years. Favorable outcome (GOS>3) was seen among 41 patients while unfavorable among 4 patients. Recurrence seen among 4 patients (8.9%). Overall mortality was 4 (8.8%). Conclusion Gross total excision of craniopharyngioma has a favorable outcome with acceptable morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Bishokarma
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Shrestha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - K Ranabhat
- Department of Radiology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Shrestha
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Panth
- Department of Pathology, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D N Gongal
- Department of Neurosurgery, Upendra Devkota Memorial National Institute of Neurological and Allied Sciences, Bansbari, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Koirala S, Pokharel S. Assessing the Level of Knowledge in the Preconceptional Use of Folic Acid Supplement among Primigravida Women. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2018; 16:306-310. [PMID: 31729344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Folic acid deficiency is one of the most common vitamin deficiencies among women of childbearing in developing countries. Folic acid intake prior to, and during, the first months of pregnancy significantly reduces the risk of fetal neural tube defects. Objective To find out the level of knowledge regarding the benefits and use of preconceptional folic acid supplements among pimigravida women. Method A hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted among 250 primigravida women attending obstetric outpatient department of Kathmandu Medical College Teaching Hospital. A pretested questionnaire was administered using systematic random sampling technique and data was analysed by SPSS version 16.0 using descriptive and inferential statistics. Result Study revealed that 10.8% respondents had good knowledge whereas, 65.6% had poor knowledge about preconceptional folic acid supplementation. 87.2% had taken folic acid at some point of pregnancy and 17.6 % of pregnant women had taken preconceptional folic acid. 21.2% had heard about folic acid supplement and 20% had known about benefits of preconceptional folic acid. 17.6% knew that it should be taken one month before conception and 16% answered that it could prevent neural tube defects. Conclusion Majority of primigravida women lack the knowledge of preconceptional folic acid. Most women planning to get pregnant are also not taking folic acid supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Department of Nursing, Kathmandu Medical College, Basic Science Complex, Duwakot, Bhaktapur
| | - S Pokharel
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Nobel Medical College, Sinamangal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
Many genes are required to assemble flagella. These genes encode not only the structural elements of the flagellum but also a number of regulators that control how the flagellar genes are temporally expressed during the assembly process. These regulators also specify the likelihood that a given cell will express the flagellar genes. In particular, not all cells express the flagellar genes, resulting in mixed populations of motile and non-motile cells. Nutrients provide one signal that specifies the motile fraction. In this chapter, we describe two methods for measuring flagellar gene expression dynamics using fluorescent proteins in Salmonella enterica. Both the methods can be used to investigate the mechanisms governing flagellar gene expression dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Santosh Koirala
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
| | - Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, 600 S. Mathews Ave, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA.
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Baral KP, Hunter K, Poudel S, Koirala S, Rezai T, Upadhyay SK. Neonatal Home Care Practices and Care Seeking Behaviour in Rural Makwanpur of Nepal. Nepal j obstet gynaecol 2018. [DOI: 10.3126/njog.v12i1.18980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Aims: This study assesses the state of newborn home-care practices and care-seeking behaviors among the recently delivered mothers to better inform the behavior change communication efforts for effective implementation of the program.Methods: A descriptive study was conducted in two village development committees of Makwanpur district from June to July 2011. A total of 214 women, residing for six months or more in study areas and delivered within past one year, were interviewed using questionnaires designed to collect quantitative and qualitative data.Results: Eighty eight percent of the respondents practiced exclusive breastfeeding, 44% dried and wrapped their newborn within the first five minutes following delivery and 84% used a clean instrument to cut the umbilicus. Ninety-five percent of mother accessed antenatal care from a skilled health provider, 77% of mothers completed four antenatal care visits and only 13% of mothers accessed postnatal care. The first place the mothers would go for seeking care for the neonates was the Primary Health Care Center (54%) followed by the traditional practitioners (20%) and private clinics (6%). The low quality of services at Primary Health Care Center was the most commonly cited barrier to care-seeking (22%) followed by staff unavailability, behaviour and poor counselling. Conclusions: Effective implementation of community-based integrated newborn care program will require engaging stakeholders in both short-term behaviour change communication strategies and long-term commitments to improving quality of care.
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Defurne M, Jiménez-Argüello AM, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Allada K, Aniol KA, Bellini V, Benali M, Boeglin W, Bertin P, Brossard M, Camsonne A, Canan M, Chandavar S, Chen C, Chen JP, de Jager CW, de Leo R, Desnault C, Deur A, El Fassi L, Ent R, Flay D, Friend M, Fuchey E, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Giusa A, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Gomez J, Hansen O, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang J, Huang M, Hyde CE, Iqbal S, Itard F, Kang H, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Koirala S, Korover I, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Long E, Magne M, Mammei J, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Mazouz M, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Nuruzzaman N, Paremuzyan R, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Rashad MNH, Riordan S, Roche J, Russo G, Sabatié F, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Selvy L, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Solvignon P, Sperduto ML, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Sutera C, Tobias WA, Urciuoli GM, Wang D, Wojtsekhowski B, Yao H, Ye Z, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Zheng X, Zhu P. A glimpse of gluons through deeply virtual compton scattering on the proton. Nat Commun 2017; 8:1408. [PMID: 29123117 PMCID: PMC5680334 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-017-01819-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 10/18/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The internal structure of nucleons (protons and neutrons) remains one of the greatest outstanding problems in modern nuclear physics. By scattering high-energy electrons off a proton we are able to resolve its fundamental constituents and probe their momenta and positions. Here we investigate the dynamics of quarks and gluons inside nucleons using deeply virtual Compton scattering (DVCS)-a highly virtual photon scatters off the proton, which subsequently radiates a photon. DVCS interferes with the Bethe-Heitler (BH) process, where the photon is emitted by the electron rather than the proton. We report herein the full determination of the BH-DVCS interference by exploiting the distinct energy dependences of the DVCS and BH amplitudes. In the regime where the scattering is expected to occur off a single quark, measurements show an intriguing sensitivity to gluons, the carriers of the strong interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Defurne
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
| | - A Martí Jiménez-Argüello
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
- Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Carrer del Dr. Moliner 50, 46100, Burjassot, Spain
| | - Z Ahmed
- Syracuse University, 900 South Crouse Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Engineering Complex, 700 University Blvd, Kingsville, TX, 78363, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - K A Aniol
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - V Bellini
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - M Benali
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - P Bertin
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Brossard
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Canan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Chandavar
- Ohio University, 123 University Terrace, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - C Chen
- Hampton University, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R de Leo
- Università di Bari, Piazza Umberto I, 1, 70121, Bari, Italy
| | - C Desnault
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, 7 College Ave, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - D Flay
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - M Friend
- Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Ave, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- University of Connecticut, 2390 Alumni Drive, Unit 3206, Storrs, CT, 06269, USA
| | - S Frullani
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - F Garibaldi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - A Giusa
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Akademichna St, 1, Kharkov, Kharkiv Oblast, 61000, Ukraine
| | - S Golge
- North Carolina Central University, 1801 Fayetteville St, Durham, NC, 27707, USA
| | - J Gomez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - D Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, 201 High St, Farmville, VA, 23909, USA
| | - T Horn
- The Catholic University of America, 620 Michigan Ave NE, Washington, DC, 20064, USA
| | - J Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - M Huang
- Duke University, Physics Bldg., Science Dr., Campus Box 90305, Durham, NC, 27708, USA
| | - C E Hyde
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Iqbal
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - F Itard
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - H Kang
- Seoul National University, 1 Gwanak-ro, Gwanak-gu, Seol, South Korea
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - I Korover
- Tel Aviv University, P.O. Box 39040, Tel Aviv, 6997801, Israel
| | - J J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - E Long
- Kent State University, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - M Magne
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - J Mammei
- University of Massachusetts, 1126 Lederle Graduate Research Tower (LGRT), Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University, 5151 State University Dr, Los Angeles, CA, 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL, 33199, USA
| | - M Mazouz
- Faculté des Sciences de Monastir, Avenue de l'environnement, 5019, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - F Meddi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, Viale Regina Elena 299, 00161, Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - M Mihovilovic
- University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
- Clermont université, université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, 4 Avenue Blaise Pascal, 63178, Aubire Cedex, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, 100 E Queen St, Hampton, VA, 23668, USA
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, 15 rue Georges Clémenceau, 91406, Orsay, France
| | - A Puckett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM, 87545, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, 700 Park Avenue, Norfolk, VA, 23504, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, 900 South Crouse Ave., Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, 5115 Hampton Blvd, Norfolk, VA, 23529, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Stony Brook University, 100 Nicolls Rd, Stony Brook, NY, 11794, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, 123 University Terrace, 1 Ohio University, Athens, OH, 45701, USA
| | - G Russo
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191, Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Saenboonruang
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
- Kasetsart University, 50 Thanon Ngam Wong Wan, Khwaeng Lat Yao, Khet Chatuchak, Krung Thep, Maha Nakhon, 10900, Thailand
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - L Selvy
- Kent State University, 800 E Summit St, Kent, OH, 44240, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 2. Alikhanian Br. Street, Yerevan, 0036, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- University of Ljubljana, Kongresni trg 12, 1000, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
- University of New Hampshire, 105 Main St, Durham, NH, 03824, USA
| | - M L Sperduto
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, 2121 I St NW, Washington, DC, 20052, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Ave, Cambridge, MA, 02139, USA
| | - C Sutera
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, Via S. Sofia, 62, 95125, Catania, Italy
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - G M Urciuoli
- INFN/Sezione di Roma, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185, Roma, Italy
| | - D Wang
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, 1801 N Broad St, Philadelphia, PA, 19122, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 Cass Ave, Lemont, IL, 60439, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, 12000 Jefferson Ave, Newport News, VA, 23606, USA
| | - B Zhao
- College of William and Mary, Department of Physics, P.O. Box 8795, Williamsburg, VA, 23187, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Virginia, 382 McCormick Rd, Charlottesville, VA, 22904, USA
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Yadav P, Jha C, Koirala S, Yadav D, Baral D. Anthropometric measurement among elderly Mongoloid and Tharu population of Sunsari and Morang districts of Eastern Nepal. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khanal L, Shah S, Koirala S. Estimation of total length of femur from segmental measurements of disarticulated femur bones. J ANAT SOC INDIA 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jasi.2017.08.302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Singh JK, Acharya D, Kadel R, Adhikari S, Lombard D, Koirala S, Paudel R. Factors Associated with Smokeless Tobacco Use among Pregnant Women in Rural Areas of the Southern Terai, Nepal. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2017; 15:12-19. [PMID: 28714486 DOI: 10.3126/jnhrc.v15i1.18007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Tobacco use among women during pregnancy leading to poor maternal and child health outcomes has been well documented. However, factors influencing use of smokeless tobacco in Nepal has not yet been well established. This study aims at exploring the factors related to smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in rural southern Terai of Nepal. METHODS A community-based cross-sectional study was performed at 52 wards within 6 Village Development Committee in Dhanusha district of Nepal. A total of 426 expectant mothers in their second trimester were selected using a multistage cluster sampling method. Descriptive and regression analyses were done to explore the factors that influence smokeless tobacco use. RESULTS In a total of 426 pregnant mothers, one in five used tobacco in any form. Among the users, 13.4% used smokeless tobacco. Pregnant mothers who were smoking tobacco (AOR 6.01; 95% CI (1.88-19.23), having alcohol consumption (AOR 3.86; 95% CI (1.23-12.08), stressed (AOR 5.04; 95% CI (1.81-14.03), non-vegetarian (AOR 3.31;(1.84-13.03), not attending regular mothers' group meetings (AOR 4.63; (1.41-15.19), and not-exposed to mass media (AOR 5.02; (1.89-13.33) were significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use. Similarly, mothers of age group 20-34 years, dalit, aadibasi and janajati, hill origin, no education and primary education were more likely to use smokeless tobacco than their counterparts. CONCLUSIONS Factors such as smoking tobacco, alcohol consumption, stress, and poor education were found to be significantly associated with smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal. This requires an immediate attention develop an effective strategy to prevent and control smokeless tobacco use among pregnant women in southern Terai of Nepal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J K Singh
- Department of Community Medicine, Institute of Medical Sciences, Banaras Hindu University, India
| | - D Acharya
- Department of Community Medicine, Devdaha Medical College and Research Institute, Kathmandu University, Bhaluhi, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - R Kadel
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - S Adhikari
- Institute of Medicine,TUTH, Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - D Lombard
- Personal Social Services Research Unit, London School of Economics and Political Science, London, UK
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Nursing, Sanjeevani College of Medical Sciences, Rupandehi, Nepal
| | - R Paudel
- Department of Community Medicine and Public Health, Institute of Medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Kumar N, Koirala S, Varma M. An Experience of Optimizing A Community-Based Micro-Insurance Model to Bridge the Gap between Treatment Cost and Ability to pay at BPKIHS. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2017; 56:189-193. [PMID: 28598462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023] Open
Abstract
In the year 2001 the leaders of BPKIHS started a micro social insurance scheme; Social Health Insurance (SHI) for prospective research. It is a method of financing and managing health care using compulsory contributions from employers, employees and may be from the government. Household members from organized groups in catchment areas enrolled voluntarily. Photographed service cards were issued entitled for free IPD/OPD consultations, investigations and bed charges excluding CT scans and specialty treatment. Institute bore operation and medicine costs up to 10000 and 3500 respectively for IPD yearly. Premium was fixed after a research through focus group discussion in villages of Morang, Sunsari and Biratnagar. A flat rate premium of 15 and 50 NRS/adult/month for villagers, city dwellers and half for children was fixed. Marginalized community and handicapped paid 33% of premium, 33% by Institute and 33% by concerned VDC. As the client number increased from 2383 to 7392 in second and to 15779 in third year, Premium: Expenditure ratio moved from 225:222 to 198:391. Average cost sharing of premium to expenditure came to 226:332 showing a negative 3alance. This scheme completed its fourth year till this research in 2005 A.D. But it was closed due to deficit. As reinsured population occasionally concealed information by not incorporating all family members. They defaulted in subsequent year after utilizing the benefits of SHI and misused the card for uninsured ones. It may, in its optimized form, become a model to be widely adopted to bridge the gap between the cost of treatment and the ability to pay in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kumar
- Ex-Hospital Administration, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Ex-Vice Chancellor, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Science, Dharan, Nepal
| | - M Varma
- Gynecology and Obestretics Awadh Narayan Memorial Clinic, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Defurne M, Mazouz M, Ahmed Z, Albataineh H, Allada K, Aniol KA, Bellini V, Benali M, Boeglin W, Bertin P, Brossard M, Camsonne A, Canan M, Chandavar S, Chen C, Chen JP, de Jager CW, de Leo R, Desnault C, Deur A, El Fassi L, Ent R, Flay D, Friend M, Fuchey E, Frullani S, Garibaldi F, Gaskell D, Giusa A, Glamazdin O, Golge S, Gomez J, Hansen O, Higinbotham D, Holmstrom T, Horn T, Huang J, Huang M, Huber GM, Hyde CE, Iqbal S, Itard F, Kang H, Kang H, Kelleher A, Keppel C, Koirala S, Korover I, LeRose JJ, Lindgren R, Long E, Magne M, Mammei J, Margaziotis DJ, Markowitz P, Martí Jiménez-Argüello A, Meddi F, Meekins D, Michaels R, Mihovilovic M, Muangma N, Muñoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Nuruzzaman N, Paremuzyan R, Puckett A, Punjabi V, Qiang Y, Rakhman A, Rashad MNH, Riordan S, Roche J, Russo G, Sabatié F, Saenboonruang K, Saha A, Sawatzky B, Selvy L, Shahinyan A, Sirca S, Solvignon P, Sperduto ML, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Sutera C, Tobias WA, Urciuoli GM, Wang D, Wojtsekhowski B, Yao H, Ye Z, Zana L, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao B, Zhao Z, Zheng X, Zhu P. Rosenbluth Separation of the π^{0} Electroproduction Cross Section. Phys Rev Lett 2016; 117:262001. [PMID: 28059549 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.117.262001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
We present deeply virtual π^{0} electroproduction cross-section measurements at x_{B}=0.36 and three different Q^{2} values ranging from 1.5 to 2 GeV^{2}, obtained from Jefferson Lab Hall A experiment E07-007. The Rosenbluth technique is used to separate the longitudinal and transverse responses. Results demonstrate that the cross section is dominated by its transverse component and, thus, is far from the asymptotic limit predicted by perturbative quantum chromodynamics. Nonetheless, an indication of a nonzero longitudinal contribution is provided by the measured interference term σ_{LT}. Results are compared with several models based on the leading-twist approach of generalized parton distributions (GPDs). In particular, a fair agreement is obtained with models in which the scattering amplitude includes convolution terms of chiral-odd (transversity) GPDs of the nucleon with the twist-3 pion distribution amplitude. This experiment, together with previous extensive unseparated measurements, provides strong support to the exciting idea that transversity GPDs can be accessed via neutral pion electroproduction in the high-Q^{2} regime.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Defurne
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M Mazouz
- Faculté des sciences de Monastir, 5000 Tunisia
| | - Z Ahmed
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - H Albataineh
- Texas A&M University-Kingsville, Kingsville, Texas 78363, USA
| | - K Allada
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - K A Aniol
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - V Bellini
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - M Benali
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P Bertin
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Brossard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Canan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | | | - C Chen
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - J-P Chen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R de Leo
- Università di Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - C Desnault
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
| | - R Ent
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Flay
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - M Friend
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Fuchey
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | | | - D Gaskell
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Giusa
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - O Glamazdin
- Kharkov Institute of Physics and Technology, Kharkov 61108, Ukraine
| | - S Golge
- North Carolina Central University, Durham, North Carolina 27701, USA
| | - J Gomez
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - O Hansen
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Holmstrom
- Longwood University, Farmville, Virginia 23909, USA
| | - T Horn
- The Catholic University of America, Washington, DC 20064, USA
| | - J Huang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - M Huang
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - G M Huber
- University of Regina, Regina, Saskatchewan S4S 0A2, Canada
| | - C E Hyde
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Iqbal
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - F Itard
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - Ho Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - Hy Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul 151-747, South Korea
| | - A Kelleher
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - C Keppel
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - I Korover
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - J J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - E Long
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - M Magne
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | - J Mammei
- University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts 01003, USA
| | - D J Margaziotis
- California State University, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90032, USA
| | - P Markowitz
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - A Martí Jiménez-Argüello
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
- Facultad de Física, Universidad de Valencia, Valencia 46071, Spain
| | - F Meddi
- INFN/Sezione Sanità, 00161 Roma, Italy
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - N Muangma
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Muñoz Camacho
- Clermont Université, Université Blaise Pascal, CNRS/IN2P3, Laboratoire de physique corpusculaire, FR-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Nuruzzaman
- Hampton University, Hampton, Virginia 23668, USA
| | - R Paremuzyan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire CNRS-IN2P3, Orsay 91400, France
| | - A Puckett
- Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, New Mexico 87545, USA
| | - V Punjabi
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Rakhman
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - M N H Rashad
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Riordan
- Stony Brook University, Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA
| | - J Roche
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - G Russo
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- Irfu, CEA, Université Paris-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Saenboonruang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
- Kasetsart University, Chatuchak, Bangkok, 10900, Thailand
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Sawatzky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - L Selvy
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - A Shahinyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, Yerevan 375036, Armenia
| | - S Sirca
- University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - P Solvignon
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - R Subedi
- George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - C Sutera
- INFN/Sezione di Catania, 95125 Catania, Italy
| | - W A Tobias
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | | | - D Wang
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - Z Ye
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - L Zana
- Syracuse University, Syracuse, New York 13244, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Argonne National Laboratory, Lemont, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Zhao
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187, USA
| | - Z Zhao
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
| | - P Zhu
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22904, USA
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Pathak R, Prasad KBR, Rauniyar SK, Pudasaini S, Pande K, Koirala S, Kafle S, Jha A, Chalise S, Basnyat AS. Fine needle aspiration cytology of head and neck lesions and its correlation with histopathology. J Pathol Nep 2016. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v6i12.16276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Fine needle aspiration cytology is a minimally invasive technique used in the initial diagnosis of different types of lesions located in head and neck region commonly originating from cervical lymph node, thyroid gland, salivary glands and soft tissues. The objective of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy, sensitivity and speci city of FNAC in various head and neck lesions in correlation with their histopathological examination. Materials and methods: A hospital based prospective study was conducted among 209 patients with palpable head and neck region swellings in the Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital and the Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical College from August 2014 to July 2015. FNAC were done from palpable masses of head and neck regions. Data entry and analysis were done using SPSS 17. Result: There were 209 FNAC cases enrolled, out of which lymph node lesions (n=128) were the most common lesions followed by thyroid (n=40), other soft tissues (n=27) and salivary gland (n=14). Reactive lymph nodes, colloid goiter, epidermoid cyst and sialadenosis were the predominant diagnosis of lymph nodes, thyroid gland, soft tissues and salivary gland respectively. Highest accuracy, sensitivity and speci city were observed in thyroid gland, salivary gland and soft tissues. However, four false negative results for malignancy were reported in lymph node lesions. Conclusion: Head and neck region swellings are the commonly encountered conditions. FNAC being highly accurate, sensitive and speci c makes it useful and reliable procedure for screening and diagnosis of palpable masses in head and neck region.
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Ghimire A, Bhattarai B, Koirala S, Subedi A. Analgesia before Performing Subarachnoid Block in the Sitting Position in Patients with Proximal Femoral Fracture: A Comparison between Fascia Iliaca Block and Femoral Nerve Block. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 13:152-5. [PMID: 26643833 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v13i2.16789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positioning for subarachnoid block (SAB) in patients with femoral fracture is painful and may remain suboptimal requiring use of large doses of opioids. These patients generally being elderly with multiple comorbidities and frailty are likely to have many undesirable effects of opioids including respiratory depression and confusion. OBJECTIVE The objective was to compare the feasibility and effectiveness of fascia iliaca compartment block (FICB) and femoral nerve block (FNB) in reducing pain associated with positioning for subarachnoid block in patients undergoing proximal femoral fracture fixation procedures. METHOD Group FICB patients (n=15) received fascia iliaca block with 30 ml of 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline and group FNB patients (n=15) received femoral nerve block with 15 ml of 1.5% lignocaine with adrenaline. After the study blocks, patients were kept on supine position for at least 20 minutes before shifting them to the operation theatre. Pain was assessed by using visual analog scale values before the block and during the position for subarachnoid block. Time to perform subarachnoid block, quality of positioning and acceptance was recorded. RESULT Visual analog scale values during positioning for SAB were lower in FIB group than in FNB (1.0±1.1 versus 2.1±0.8; P< 0.05). Time to perform SAB was shorter in FIB than in FNB (109.6±28.2 seconds versus 134.8±31.9 seconds; P< 0.05). Quality of patient positioning for SAB was comparable between the groups. Patient acceptance was less in group FNB (P< 0.05). CONCLUSION Fascia iliaca compartment block provides better analgesia than femoral nerve block in terms of facilitating optimal positioning for subarachnoid block in patients undergoing proximal femoral fracture fixation procedure.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghimire
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - B Bhattarai
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
| | - A Subedi
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, B.P. Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Dharan, Nepal
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Subedi K, Koirala S, Basnet R, Poudel A. Paediatric Stroke: A Rare Presentation of Iron Deficiency Anemia in a Four Year Old Child. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 14:282-384. [PMID: 28814695] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Paediatric stroke is an uncommon syndrome with even lesser annual incidence rates of arterial ischemic stroke in infants and children. In children the diagnosis of stroke is frequently delayed or missed. This is due to subtle and nonspecific clinical presentations, a complicated differential diagnosis and a lack of awareness by physicians and also delay in the seeking of medical attention as in our case. We report you a rare case of a four year old child from remote Nepal who presented to our Out Patient Department after a long gap of around four months after the sudden onset of loss of consciousness and decreased movement of right limbs who after detailed history examination and lab investigations and imaging revealed ischemic stroke due to iron deficiency anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Subedi
- Department of Paediatrics, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Paediatrics, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - R Basnet
- Department of Paediatrics, Kathmandu Medical College, Sinamangal Kathmandu, Nepal
| | - A Poudel
- Department of Paediatrics, Nobel Medical College, Biratnagar, Nepal
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Abstract
This longitudinal study was conducted in BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences (BPKIHS), a Medical University situated in eastern Nepal, between May 2001 and December 2001. The main objective of the study was to identify the role of adenosine deaminase (ADA) activity in patients with visceral leishmaniasis (VL) for management. There was a significant increase in mean ADA activity in sera of 49 patients with VL (323.71±184.51 IU/L) compared with 50 samples of control groups (47.11±24.94 IU/L) from the same endemic area ( P<0.001). ADA activities were found to be significantly decreased (50.35±41.35 IU/L) in follow-up cases ( n = 19) after 30 days with sodium stibogluconate treatment at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day intramuscularly. The fall in the level of ADA (after treatment) in follow-up cases correlated with the cure of disease, as evident from improvement of vital signs and symptoms and the absence of Leishmania donavani bodies in the sera. The study therefore suggests the possibility of using human serum ADA as a convenient marker to evaluate the diagnosis of VL to support the clinical findings, especially in those settings where there is a lack of highly qualified personnel and diagnostic facilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Baral
- Department of Biochemistry, BP Koirala Institute of Health Sciences, Ghopa, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal.
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Kunwar D, Risal A, Koirala S. Study of Depression, Anxiety and Stress among the Medical Students in two Medical Colleges of Nepal. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2016; 14:22-26. [PMID: 27892436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Background Medical education is intended to prepare graduates for a promoting health and caring for the sick. Medical students are confronted with significant academic, psychological and existential stressors. There is insufficient information regarding psychological morbidity among Nepalese medical students. Objective To determine the prevalence of depression, anxiety and stress, among the medical students in Nepal, and its association with sociodemographic characteristics. Method A cross-sectional questionnaire based study was conducted including all students from first to fifth year of student using convenience method of sampling from Kathmandu University Medical School (KUSMS), Dhulikhel and Manipal College of Medical Sciences (MCOMS), Pokhara, Nepal. Depression, Anxiety and stress were assessed using Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS). Additional questions regarding demographic variables were also included in the survey. Data analysis was done on Statistical Package for the Social Sciences SPSS version 16. Result A total of 538 students participated in the study giving a response rate of 89.6%. Aamong them 56.5% were from age group 21-25 years, 42.2% were below 20 years and only 1.3% were above 25 years of age. Among them 52% were female and 48% were male. Our study found that the overall prevalence of depression was 29.9%, anxiety was 41.1% and stress was 27% among all participated medical students. Depression was significantly associated (OR 2.23, 95% CI 1.43-3.47, p<0.001) with living condition (living in hostel or rented house). Conclusion The higher level of psychiatric morbidity depression 29.9%, anxiety 41.1% and stress 27% among undergraduate medical students warrants needs for strategic plans to alleviate depression anxiety and the stressors right from the time they join medical school and has to be continued till they finish the course.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kunwar
- Department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - A Risal
- Department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
| | - S Koirala
- Department of Psychiatry, Kathmandu University School of Medical Sciences, Dhulikhel, Kavre, Nepal
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Abstract
Infantile hypotonia or floppy infant is a diagnostic challenge when it presents with other presenting complaints such as fever, cough or diarrhea. Many times the hypotonia goes unnoticed when other symptom covers the hypotonia and child continues to receive the treatment for other symptoms. We report a rare case from Nepal of infantile Pompe disease who presented with the history of fever and cough in the recent earthquake disaster camp at remote part of Sindhupalchowk, Nepal. He was being treated as a case of pneumonia. Pompe disease can be diagnosed clinically by taking detailed history and correlating the clinical findings during the presentation with other symptoms. In our case the normal respiratory rate, reduced Spo2 and presence of crackles dominated the hypotonia and was mistreated as pneumonia. High index of suspicion is necessary in diagnosing Pompe disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Koirala
- Department of Paediatrics Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu
| | - A Poudel
- Department of Paediatrics Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu
| | - R Basnet
- Department of Paediatrics Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu
| | - K Subedi
- Department of Paediatrics Kathmandu Medical College Sinamangal, Kathmandu
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Pudasaini S, Prasad KBR, Rauniyar SK, Pathak R, Pande K, Koirala S, Kafle S. Cervical pap smear- A prospective study in a tertiary hospital. J Pathol Nep 2015. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v5i10.15639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Cervical cancer is a leading cause of mortality and morbidity among women worldwide and most common gynaecological cancer in developing countries. Papanicolaou smear is a simple and cost effective screening test for cervical cancer. The aim of this study is to evaluate and interpret the cervical pap smear cytology in a tertiary hospital. The interpretation and reporting of the pap smear is based on 2001Bethesda system.Materials and methods: This is a prospective study conducted in a tertiary hospital, Nepal Medical College over a period of two and a half years (January 2013 to June 2015). All cervical pap smears received in the department of Pathology in the study period were included.Results: A total of 4160 cervical pap smears were reported in the study period. Majority of the cases were Negative for Intraepithelial lesion or malignancy (87.9%). Bacterial vaginosis, atrophy and reactive cellular changes associated with inflammation were seen in 5.3%, 2.4% and 1.5% cases respectively. Epithelial cell abnormalities (0.5%) include Atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance, Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion and High grade intraepithelial lesion. 88% of Low grade squamous intraepithelial lesion was seen in reproductive age group (20-45 years).Conclusion: Cervical cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer in the developing countries. Pap smear is the simple and cost effective screening tool to detect pre invasive cervical epithelial lesions.
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Kohrt BA, Burkey M, Stuart EA, Koirala S. Alternative approaches for studying humanitarian interventions: propensity score methods to evaluate reintegration packages impact on depression, PTSD, and function impairment among child soldiers in Nepal. Glob Ment Health (Camb) 2015; 2:e16. [PMID: 28596864 PMCID: PMC5269618 DOI: 10.1017/gmh.2015.13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2015] [Accepted: 05/07/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ethical, logistical, and funding approaches preclude conducting randomized control trials (RCTs) in some humanitarian crises. A lack of RCTs and other intervention research has contributed to a limited evidence-base for mental health and psychosocial support (MHPS) programs after disasters, war, and disease outbreaks. Propensity score methods (PSMs) are an alternative analysis technique with potential application for evaluating MHPS programs in humanitarian emergencies. METHODS PSMs were used to evaluate impacts of education reintegration packages (ERPs) and other (vocational or economic) reintegration packages (ORPs) v. no reintegration programs on mental health of child soldiers. Propensity scores were used to determine weighting of child soldiers in each of the three treatment arms. Multiple linear regression was used to estimate adjusted changes in symptom score severity on culturally validated measures of depression, post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and functional impairment from baseline to 1-year follow-up. RESULTS Among 258 Nepali child soldiers participating in reintegration programs, 54.7% completed ERP and 22.9% completed ORP. There was a non-significant reduction in depression by 0.59 (95% CI -1.97 to 0.70) for ERP and by 0.60 (95% CI -2.16 to 0.96) for ORP compared with no treatment. There were non-significant increases in PTSD (1.15, 95% CI -1.55 to 3.86) and functional impairment (0.91, 95% CI -0.31 to 2.14) associated with ERP and similar findings for ORP (PTSD: 0.66, 95% CI -2.24 to 3.57; functional impairment (1.05, 95% CI -0.71 to 2.80). CONCLUSION In a humanitarian crisis in which a non-randomized intervention assignment protocol was employed, the statistical technique of PSMs addressed differences in covariate distribution between child soldiers who received different integration packages. Our analysis did not demonstrate significant changes in psychosocial outcomes for ERPs and ORPs. We suggest the use of PSMs in evaluating non-randomized interventions in humanitarian crises when non-randomized conditions are not utilized.
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Affiliation(s)
- B. A. Kohrt
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
- Duke Global Health Institute and Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA
| | - M. Burkey
- Division of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Johns Hopkins School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - E. A. Stuart
- Departments of Mental Health, Biostatistics and Health Policy & Management, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - S. Koirala
- Transcultural Psychosocial Organization (TPO) Nepal, Kathmandu, Nepal
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION A widely used in vitro culture, the neurosphere assay (NSA) has provided a means to retrospectively identify neural progenitor cells as well as to determine both their selfrenewal capacity. Objective of study was to isolate and compare growth of the embryonic neuronal stem cell and adult neuronal stem cells in presence of Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF) and Fibroblastic Growth Factor (FGF2).MATERIALS AND METHODS Embryonic neuronal stem cell were collected from cortical plate of dorsal telencephalon of fifteen C57BL/6 transgenic mice using stereoscopic microscope on 11th gestational day (GD). Adult mammalian neuronal stem cells taken from subventricular zone (SVZ) of the lateral ventricles and subgranular layer of the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus were cultured. The growth for the neurosphere was then observed in interval of 24 and 72 hours.RESULT The adult stem cell culture showed few intact cells with high amount of debris and 9% heterogeneous sphere after 24 hours while only 20 % was observed at the end of 72 hours. Higher proliferation rate was observed in embryonic neurospheres than the adult stem cell culture.CONCLUSION Presence of EGF and basic FGF2 is essential for culture of neurospheres.Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2014, Vol.10(2); 1-3
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Adikaram D, Rimal D, Weinstein LB, Raue B, Khetarpal P, Bennett RP, Arrington J, Brooks WK, Adhikari KP, Afanasev AV, Amaryan MJ, Anderson MD, Anefalos Pereira S, Avakian H, Ball J, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Biselli AS, Bono J, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Careccia S, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Colaneri L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Djalali C, Dodge GE, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Filippi A, Fleming JA, Fradi A, Garillon B, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Goetz JT, Gohn W, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hanretty C, Harrison N, Hattawy M, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Hughes SM, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Jenkins D, Jiang H, Jo HS, Joo K, Joosten S, Kalantarians N, Keller D, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Klein A, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Markov N, Mattione P, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Mestayer MD, Meyer CA, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Moody CI, Moutarde H, Movsisyan A, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Park K, Pasyuk E, Peña C, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Procureur S, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Rossi P, Roy P, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Seder E, Sharabian YG, Simonyan A, Skorodumina I, Smith ES, Smith GD, Sober DI, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strauch S, Sytnik V, Taiuti M, Tian Y, Trivedi A, Ungaro M, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Watts DP, Wei X, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zana L, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Zonta I. Towards a resolution of the proton form factor problem: new electron and positron scattering data. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:062003. [PMID: 25723209 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.062003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
There is a significant discrepancy between the values of the proton electric form factor, G(E)(p), extracted using unpolarized and polarized electron scattering. Calculations predict that small two-photon exchange (TPE) contributions can significantly affect the extraction of G(E)(p) from the unpolarized electron-proton cross sections. We determined the TPE contribution by measuring the ratio of positron-proton to electron-proton elastic scattering cross sections using a simultaneous, tertiary electron-positron beam incident on a liquid hydrogen target and detecting the scattered particles in the Jefferson Lab CLAS detector. This novel technique allowed us to cover a wide range in virtual photon polarization (ϵ) and momentum transfer (Q(2)) simultaneously, as well as to cancel luminosity-related systematic errors. The cross section ratio increases with decreasing ϵ at Q(2)=1.45 GeV(2). This measurement is consistent with the size of the form factor discrepancy at Q(2)≈1.75 GeV(2) and with hadronic calculations including nucleon and Δ intermediate states, which have been shown to resolve the discrepancy up to 2-3 GeV(2).
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Affiliation(s)
- D Adikaram
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Rimal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - P Khetarpal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - R P Bennett
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - J Arrington
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - K P Adhikari
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A V Afanasev
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - M J Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M D Anderson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Ball
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A S Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - J Bono
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Careccia
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - G Charles
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Colaneri
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | | | - V Crede
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E De Sanctis
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Djalali
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - G E Dodge
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A El Alaoui
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA and Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - L El Fassi
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Fedotov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Fegan
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy and University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, sez. di Torino, 10125 Torino, Italy
| | - J A Fleming
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Fradi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - B Garillon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - G P Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - K L Giovanetti
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - F X Girod
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J T Goetz
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - W Gohn
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - E Golovatch
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - B Guegan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - M Guidal
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - L Guo
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile and Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C Hanretty
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - N Harrison
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Hattawy
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - K Hicks
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - S M Hughes
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - C E Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B S Ishkhanov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - D Jenkins
- Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, Virginia 24061-0435, USA
| | - H Jiang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - H S Jo
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - S Joosten
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - N Kalantarians
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA and Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Kim
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A Klein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - F J Klein
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S E Kuhn
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Lu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - N Markov
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - P Mattione
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Mayer
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - M D Mestayer
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C A Meyer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R A Montgomery
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C I Moody
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Moutarde
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Movsisyan
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - C Munoz Camacho
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - K Park
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Peña
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy and Institut de Physique Nucléaire, CNRS/IN2P3 and Université Paris Sud, Orsay, France
| | - O Pogorelko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - S Procureur
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Rossi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Roy
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - F Sabatié
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - D Schott
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA and The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Seder
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - Y G Sharabian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Simonyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - I Skorodumina
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - E S Smith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - G D Smith
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom and University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D I Sober
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Stoler
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180, USA
| | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Sytnik
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Taiuti
- Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - Ye Tian
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - A Trivedi
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Ungaro
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N K Walford
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - D P Watts
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- The George Washington University, Washington, DC 20052, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - L Zana
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA and Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z W Zhao
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - I Zonta
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Seder E, Biselli A, Pisano S, Niccolai S, Smith GD, Joo K, Adhikari K, Amaryan MJ, Anderson MD, Anefalos Pereira S, Avakian H, Battaglieri M, Bedlinskiy I, Bono J, Boiarinov S, Bosted P, Briscoe W, Brock J, Brooks WK, Bültmann S, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Carlin C, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Colaneri L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crabb D, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Djalali C, Doughty D, Dupre R, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Filippi A, Fleming JA, Fradi A, Garillon B, Garçon M, Gevorgyan N, Ghandilyan Y, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Goetz JT, Gohn W, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hanretty C, Harrison N, Hattawy M, Hirlinger Saylor N, Holtrop M, Hughes SM, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Joosten S, Keith CD, Keller D, Khachatryan G, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Klein A, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Kubarovsky V, Kuhn SE, Lenisa P, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Markov N, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Meekins DG, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Montgomery R, Moody CI, Moutarde H, Movsisyan A, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Paolone M, Pappalardo LL, Park K, Park S, Pasyuk E, Peng P, Phelps W, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Rossi P, Roy P, Sabatié F, Salgado C, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Senderovich I, Simonyan A, Skorodumina I, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strakovsky II, Strauch S, Sytnik V, Taiuti M, Tang W, Tian Y, Ungaro M, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Watts DP, Wei X, Weinstein LB, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zana L, Zhang J, Zonta I. Longitudinal target-spin asymmetries for deeply virtual compton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:032001. [PMID: 25658994 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.032001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A measurement of the electroproduction of photons off protons in the deeply inelastic regime was performed at Jefferson Lab using a nearly 6 GeV electron beam, a longitudinally polarized proton target, and the CEBAF Large Acceptance Spectrometer. Target-spin asymmetries for ep→e^{'}p^{'}γ events, which arise from the interference of the deeply virtual Compton scattering and the Bethe-Heitler processes, were extracted over the widest kinematics in Q^{2}, x_{B}, t, and ϕ, for 166 four-dimensional bins. In the framework of generalized parton distributions, at leading twist the t dependence of these asymmetries provides insight into the spatial distribution of the axial charge of the proton, which appears to be concentrated in its center. These results also bring important and necessary constraints for the existing parametrizations of chiral-even generalized parton distributions.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Seder
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy and Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - S Niccolai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - G D Smith
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - K Adhikari
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M J Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M D Anderson
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | | | - H Avakian
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - I Bedlinskiy
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J Bono
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Bosted
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - W Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - J Brock
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - S Bültmann
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Carlin
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - G Charles
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - L Colaneri
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | | | - D Crabb
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - V Crede
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E De Sanctis
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Djalali
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Doughty
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France and Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Fedotov
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA and Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - S Fegan
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Filippi
- INFN, Sezione di Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - J A Fleming
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Fradi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - B Garillon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - M Garçon
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N Gevorgyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K L Giovanetti
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - F X Girod
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J T Goetz
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - W Gohn
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - B Guegan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - M Guidal
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - L Guo
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile and Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C Hanretty
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - N Harrison
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Hattawy
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | | | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - S M Hughes
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B S Ishkhanov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - H S Jo
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire Orsay, 91406 Orsay, France
| | - S Joosten
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - C D Keith
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Keller
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | | | - M Khandaker
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA and Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - A Klein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - F J Klein
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S E Kuhn
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - P Lenisa
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Lu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - N Markov
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Mayer
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D G Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Mineeva
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - R Montgomery
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C I Moody
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Moutarde
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Movsisyan
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - M Paolone
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | | | - K Park
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Park
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - E Pasyuk
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, USA
| | - P Peng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - W Phelps
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - O Pogorelko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA
| | - Y Prok
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | | | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Rossi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Roy
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - F Sabatié
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Salgado
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - D Schott
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA and The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - I Senderovich
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, USA
| | - A Simonyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - I Skorodumina
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Sokhan
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom and Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - N Sparveris
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Stoler
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | - I I Strakovsky
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Sytnik
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - M Taiuti
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy and Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - W Tang
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Y Tian
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Ungaro
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alps, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N K Walford
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - D P Watts
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M H Wood
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA and Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - L Zana
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - J Zhang
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I Zonta
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Roma, Italy
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Ojha R, Paudel R, Shah DB, Shrestha A, Koirala S, Adhikari K, Wagle P. EHMTI-0175. Analysis of migraine among Nepalese population: classification, triggering factors, prophylactic and abortive treatment. J Headache Pain 2014. [PMCID: PMC4182263 DOI: 10.1186/1129-2377-15-s1-g28] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Hen O, Sargsian M, Weinstein LB, Piasetzky E, Hakobyan H, Higinbotham DW, Braverman M, Brooks WK, Gilad S, Adhikari KP, Arrington J, Asryan G, Avakian H, Ball J, Baltzell NA, Battaglieri M, Beck A, Beck SMT, Bedlinskiy I, Bertozzi W, Biselli A, Burkert VD, Cao T, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Colaneri L, Cole PL, Crede V, D'Angelo A, De Vita R, Deur A, Djalali C, Doughty D, Dugger M, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Forest T, Garillon B, Garcon M, Gevorgyan N, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Girod FX, Goetz JT, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hanretty C, Hattawy M, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkanov BI, Isupov EL, Jiang H, Jo HS, Joo K, Keller D, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Korover I, Kuhn SE, Kubarovsky V, Lenisa P, Levine WI, Livingston K, Lowry M, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Markov N, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Mineeva T, Mokeev V, Movsisyan A, Camacho CM, Mustapha B, Nadel-Turonski P, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Park K, Pasyuk E, Phelps W, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Price JW, Procureur S, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Rimal D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Roy P, Rossi P, Sabatie F, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Sharabian YG, Smith GD, Shneor R, Sokhan D, Stepanyan SS, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Strauch S, Sytnik V, Taiuti M, Tkachenko S, Ungaro M, Vlassov AV, Voutier E, Walford NK, Wei X, Wood MH, Wood SA, Zachariou N, Zana L, Zhao ZW, Zheng X, Zonta I. Momentum sharing in imbalanced Fermi systems. Science 2014; 346:614-7. [DOI: 10.1126/science.1256785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
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Mestayer MD, Park K, Adhikari KP, Aghasyan M, Pereira SA, Ball J, Battaglieri M, Batourine V, Bedlinskiy I, Biselli AS, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Colaneri L, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Cortes O, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, Deur A, Djalali C, Doughty D, Dupre R, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fleming JA, Forest TA, Garillon B, Garçon M, Ghandilyan Y, Gilfoyle GP, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Goetz JT, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Hakobyan H, Hanretty C, Hattawy M, Holtrop M, Hughes SM, Hyde CE, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Jiang H, Jo HS, Joo K, Keller D, Khandaker M, Kim A, Kim W, Koirala S, Kubarovsky V, Kuleshov SV, Lenisa P, Levine WI, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Meyer CA, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Moody CI, Moutarde H, Movsisyan A, Camacho CM, Nadel-Turonski P, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Peng P, Phelps W, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Pozdniakov S, Price JW, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Raue BA, Rimal D, Ripani M, Rizzo A, Rosner G, Roy P, Sabatié F, Saini MS, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Simonyan A, Sokhan D, Strauch S, Sytnik V, Tang W, Tian Y, Ungaro M, Vernarsky B, Vlassov AV, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Watts DP, Wei X, Weinstein LB, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Zonta I. Strangeness suppression of qq creation observed in exclusive reactions. Phys Rev Lett 2014; 113:152004. [PMID: 25375706 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.113.152004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
We measured the ratios of electroproduction cross sections from a proton target for three exclusive meson-baryon final states: ΛK(+), pπ(0), and nπ(+), with the CLAS detector at Jefferson Lab. Using a simple model of quark hadronization, we extract qq creation probabilities for the first time in exclusive two-body production, in which only a single qq pair is created. We observe a sizable suppression of strange quark-antiquark pairs compared to nonstrange pairs, similar to that seen in high-energy production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Mestayer
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Park
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K P Adhikari
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Aghasyan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | | | - J Ball
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - V Batourine
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - I Bedlinskiy
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - A S Biselli
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA and Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA
| | - S Boiarinov
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - V D Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - G Charles
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - L Colaneri
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - O Cortes
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - V Crede
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Universita' di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Djalali
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Doughty
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Dupre
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - A El Alaoui
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - L Elouadrhiri
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Fedotov
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J A Fleming
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - T A Forest
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - B Garillon
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - M Garçon
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - Y Ghandilyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - G P Gilfoyle
- University of Richmond, Richmond, Virginia 23173, USA
| | - K L Giovanetti
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - F X Girod
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J T Goetz
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - E Golovatch
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - B Guegan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - M Guidal
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile and Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C Hanretty
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Hattawy
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - S M Hughes
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - C E Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Jiang
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - H S Jo
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA and Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - A Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S V Kuleshov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia and Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - P Lenisa
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | - W I Levine
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Lu
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | | | - M Mayer
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - C A Meyer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - V Mokeev
- Skobeltsyn Institute of Nuclear Physics, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 119234 Moscow, Russia and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R A Montgomery
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - C I Moody
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Moutarde
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Movsisyan
- INFN, Sezione di Ferrara, 44100 Ferrara, Italy
| | | | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA and Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay, France
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA and Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - R Paremuzyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - P Peng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - W Phelps
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - O Pogorelko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - S Pozdniakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - J W Price
- California State University, Dominguez Hills, Carson, California 90747, USA and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | | | - A J R Puckett
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - B A Raue
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D Rimal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A Rizzo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Roy
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - F Sabatié
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - M S Saini
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - D Schott
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - A Simonyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - D Sokhan
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - S Strauch
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - V Sytnik
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - W Tang
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - Ye Tian
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - M Ungaro
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Vernarsky
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - A V Vlassov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow 117259, Russia
| | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- LPSC, Université Grenoble-Alpes, CNRS/IN2P3, Grenoble, France
| | - N K Walford
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - D P Watts
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - X Wei
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA and University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z W Zhao
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - I Zonta
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Koirala S. Comparative study of aspiration and non-aspiration cytology of palpable breast lumps and correlation with histopathology. J Pathol Nep 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v4i8.11501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Breast lump is one of the most common presentations in surgical outpatient departments with anxiety regarding a possible malignancy. Hence a quick diagnosis of a lump in the breast is essential. Fine needle aspiration cytology is an ideal initial diagnostic modality in breast lumps. There is an alternative method of performing needle aspiration, known as fine needle capillary cytology where the specimen is obtained using just a needle without aspiration.Materials and Methods: This hospital-based cross sectional analytical study was carried out in Department of Pathology in National Academy of Medical Sciences, Bir Hospital for one year. The objective of this study was to compare aspiration and non-aspiration cytology of palpable breast lumps and correlation with histopathology.Results: The five criteria scored for each technique were background blood, amount of cellular material, cellular degeneration, cellular trauma and architectural preservation. Compared to fine needle aspiration cytology, fine needle capillary cytology yields less bloody smears with minimal degenerative changes and offers more diagnostically superior specimens. Fine needle aspiration cytology, on the other hand, gives a good yield of diagnostic material.Conclusion: Fine needle aspiration cytology and fine needle capillary cytology are quick, easy, safe and cost-effective techniques. . A high sensitivity and specificity of cytological diagnosis in this study proves that it is comparable to final histology report in its diagnostic efficiency. Thus, fine needle aspiration cytology is a very important preliminary diagnostic test in palpable breast lumps and the results show a high degree of correlation with the final histopathology report.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i8.11501 Journal of Pathology of Nepal; Vol.4,No. 8 (2014) 639-643
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Abstract
Background: Value of fine needle aspiration cytology in preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lumps has been established in various studies. This study aims to calculate sensitivity, specificity accuracy of FNAC, correlate FNAC findings with histopathology and find out reasons for common diagnostic pitfalls in FNAC.Materials and methods: This study was performed in 67 patients that presented with salivary gland lumps at Department of pathology, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Institute of medicine, Kathmandu, Nepal from January 2009 to June 2010. FNAC was performed and was correlated with histopathological diagnosis to judge the sensitivity, specificity and accuracy of FNAC.Results: Out of 36 cases there was cyto-histological correlation in 28 cases. Pleomorphic adenoma was the most frequent lesion in this study. Parotid gland was the most common site affected by salivary gland lesions. The sensitivity, specificity and accuracy for non-neoplastic lesions was 100%, 89.28%, 91.67%, for benign neoplasms was 100%, 86.95%, 91.67% and for malignant neoplasms was 57.14%, 100%, 83.33% respectively.Conclusion: FNAC is a useful tool in preoperative diagnosis of salivary gland lesions and can be crucial for the management of the patient. Aspiration and reporting of salivary gland lesions demands a competent pathologist who considers all the possible diagnostic pitfalls in mind.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i8.11593 Journal of Pathology of Nepal; Vol.4,No. 8 (2014) 654-657
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Rao CV, Koirala S. Black and white with some shades of grey: the diverse responses of inducible metabolic pathways in Escherichia coli. Mol Microbiol 2014; 93:1079-83. [PMID: 25069377 DOI: 10.1111/mmi.12734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/25/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
The metabolic pathways for many sugars are inducible. This process has been extensively studied in the case of Escherichia coli lactose metabolism. It has long been known that gratuitous induction of the lac operon with non-metabolizable lactose analogues generates an all-or-nothing response, where some cells express the lac genes at a maximal rate and others not at all. However, the response to lactose itself is graded, where all cells express the lac genes in proportion to lactose concentrations. The mechanisms generating these distinct behaviours in lactose metabolism have been a topic of many studies. Despite this large body of work, little is known about how other pathways respond to their cognate sugars. An article of Molecular Microbiology investigated the response of eight metabolic pathways in E. coli to their cognate sugars at single-cell resolution. The authors demonstrate that these pathways exhibit diverse responses, ranging from graded to all-or-nothing responses and combinations thereof. Remarkably, they were able to interpret these responses using a simple mathematical model and identify the mechanisms likely giving rise to each.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christopher V Rao
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, 61801, USA
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Koirala S. Significance of analysing chemical composition of renal stones. J Pathol Nep 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: This article aims to decipher chemical composition of renal stones and briefly outline laboratory tests and dietary habitual changes aimed at preventing stone recurrence. It is based on analysis of 95 renal stones received in a private lab in Kathmandu over a period of 1 year. Materials and Methods: Renal stones were analysed using simple qualitative biochemical tests.The stones were checked for presence of calcium, magnesium, ammonium, oxalate, phosphate, uric acid, cystine and carbonate. Results: Calcium was present in 97.8%, ammonium was present in 98.9%, phosphate was present in 25.2%, uric acid was present in 17.8%, magnesium was present in 10.5%, carbonate was present in 2.1% and cystine was not present in any of the stones. Most of the stones were composed of mixture of two or more than two of the above mentioned elements. Conclusion: Most stones are mixture of more than two cations and anions. Studies on larger test samples and if possible in correlation with routine examination of urine and urinary electrolyte excretion in a 24 hr urine sample would further aid in efforts aimed at preventing stone recurrence. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v4i7.10314 Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2014) Vol. 4, 560-564
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Abstract
Bacterial chemotaxis is a paradigm for how environmental signals modulate cellular behavior. Although the network underlying this process has been studied extensively, we do not yet have an end-to-end understanding of chemotaxis. Specifically, how the rotational states of a cell’s flagella cooperatively determine whether the cell ‘runs’ or ‘tumbles’ remains poorly characterized. Here, we measure the swimming behavior of individual E. coli cells while simultaneously detecting the rotational states of each flagellum. We find that a simple mathematical expression relates the cell’s run/tumble bias to the number and average rotational state of its flagella. However, due to inter-flagellar correlations, an ‘effective number’ of flagella—smaller than the actual number—enters into this relation. Data from a chemotaxis mutant and stochastic modeling suggest that fluctuations of the regulator CheY-P are the source of flagellar correlations. A consequence of inter-flagellar correlations is that run/tumble behavior is only weakly dependent on number of flagella. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01916.001 Escherichia coli is a rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in the lower intestines of humans and other warm-blooded animals. While most strains of E. coli are harmless, including most of those found in the human gut, some can cause diseases such as food poisoning. Due to its close association with humans and the fact that it is easy to grow and work with in the laboratory, E. coli has been intensively studied for over 60 years. Many bacteria are capable of ‘swimming’ by using one or more flagella. These rotating whip-like structures are each driven by a reversible motor, and they act a bit like a propeller on a boat. While some bacteria have only a single flagellum, others, such as E. coli, have multiple flagella distributed over the cell surface. Rotating all their flagella in a counterclockwise direction allows the bacterium to swim—and it has been proposed that the clockwise movement of at least one flagellum will cause the bacterium cell to stop swimming and start tumbling. E. coli is able to control the time it spends swimming or tumbling to move towards a nutrient, such as glucose, or away from certain harmful chemicals. However, the details of how the number of flagella and the direction of rotation (clockwise or counterclockwise) influence the motion of the bacterium are not fully understood. Now, Mears et al. have used ‘optical tweezers’ to immobilize individual E. coli cells under a microscope, and then track both their swimming behavior and the movements of their flagella. This revealed that the individual flagella on the same cell tend to move in a coordinated way. Therefore, whilst tumbling could be caused by a single flagellum stopping swimming behavior, it often involved a concerted effort by many of the cell’s flagella. After observing that E. coli cells with more flagella spent less time tumbling than would be predicted if a single flagella always ‘vetoed’ swimming, Mears et al. propose a new mathematical relationship between the number of flagella on the cell, the direction of rotation, and the resulting probability that the cell will tumble. This work shows that swimming behavior in bacteria is less affected by variations in the number of flagella than previously thought—and this phenomenon may provide evolutionary advantages to E. coli. The next step is to explore the mechanism by which bacteria coordinate their flagella. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.01916.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick J Mears
- Department of Physics, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, United States
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Chettri ST, Bhandary S, Nepal A, Joshi RR, Natesh V, Sah SP, Sah BP, Koirala S. A single blind controlled study comparing bipolar elecrocautery tonsillectomy to cold dissection method in pediatric age groups. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.3126/hren.v11i3.9651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Background: Tonsillectomy is one of the most commonly performed operations in otolaryngology. There are many proven methods of tonsillectomy, including cold dissection and bipolar electrocautery. Objective: To compare bipolar elecrocautery tonsillectomy with cold dissection method in pediatric age groups. Methods: Single blind controlled study to compare bipolar technique against the conventional dissection/snare technique. Results: The average amount of bleeding on electrocautery side was 4.07ml and on the cold dissection side was 14.58 ml. The mean time of operation for electrocautery and cold dissection was 12.04 and 16.57 minutes respectively. On the second post operative day, 35% of the patients complained of pain on the cauterized side, 30% complained of more pain on the dissection side while 35 % experienced equal pain on both sides. Post-operative complication such as hemorrhage was not seen in both the techniques employed. Conclusion: In the present study, bipolar diathermy tonsillectomy had advantages in having less post-operative time and blood loss intraoperatively but patients experience slightly more pain than cold dissection. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/hren.v11i3.9651 Health Renaissance 2013;11(3):270-272
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Pomerantz I, Ilieva Y, Gilman R, Higinbotham DW, Piasetzky E, Strauch S, Adhikari KP, Aghasyan M, Allada K, Amaryan MJ, Anefalos Pereira S, Anghinolfi M, Baghdasaryan H, Ball J, Baltzell NA, Battaglieri M, Batourine V, Beck A, Beck S, Bedlinskiy I, Berman BL, Biselli AS, Boeglin W, Bono J, Bookwalter C, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Bubis N, Burkert V, Camsonne A, Canan M, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Chirapatpimol K, Cisbani E, Cole PL, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, Cusanno F, D'Angelo A, Daniel A, Dashyan N, de Jager CW, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Djalali C, Dodge GE, Doughty D, Dupre R, Dutta C, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Fleming JA, Fradi A, Garibaldi F, Geagla O, Gevorgyan N, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Glister J, Goetz JT, Gohn W, Golovatch E, Gothe RW, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Harrison N, Heddle D, Hicks K, Ho D, Holtrop M, Hyde CE, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jiang X, Jo HS, Joo K, Katramatou AT, Keller D, Khandaker M, Khetarpal P, Khrosinkova E, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Kubarovsky A, Kubarovsky V, Kuleshov SV, Kvaltine ND, Lee B, LeRose JJ, Lewis S, Lindgren R, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Mao Y, Martinez D, Mayer M, McCullough E, McKinnon B, Meekins D, Meyer CA, Michaels R, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Moffit B, Mokeev V, Montgomery RA, Moutarde H, Munevar E, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Nasseripour R, Nepali CS, Niccolai S, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Park K, Park S, Petratos GG, Phelps E, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Pozdniakov S, Procureur S, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Qian X, Qiang Y, Ricco G, Rimal D, Ripani M, Ritchie BG, Rodriguez I, Ron G, Rosner G, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Saha A, Saini MS, Sarty AJ, Sawatzky B, Saylor NA, Schott D, Schulte E, Schumacher RA, Seder E, Seraydaryan H, Shneor R, Smith GD, Sokhan D, Sparveris N, Stepanyan SS, Stepanyan S, Stoler P, Subedi R, Sulkosky V, Taiuti M, Tang W, Taylor CE, Tkachenko S, Ungaro M, Vernarsky B, Vineyard MF, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Wang Y, Watts DP, Weinstein LB, Weygand DP, Wojtsekhowski B, Wood MH, Yan X, Yao H, Zachariou N, Zhan X, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Zheng X, Zonta I. Hard two-body photodisintegration of 3He. Phys Rev Lett 2013; 110:242301. [PMID: 25165915 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.110.242301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We have measured cross sections for the γ(3)He → pd reaction at photon energies of 0.4-1.4 GeV and a center-of-mass angle of 90°. We observe dimensional scaling above 0.7 GeV at this center-of-mass angle. This is the first observation of dimensional scaling in the photodisintegration of a nucleus heavier than the deuteron.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Pomerantz
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel and The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, Texas 78712, USA
| | - Y Ilieva
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - R Gilman
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - D W Higinbotham
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - S Strauch
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K P Adhikari
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - M Aghasyan
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - K Allada
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - M J Amaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | | | | | - H Baghdasaryan
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - J Ball
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - N A Baltzell
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | | | - V Batourine
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Beck
- NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - S Beck
- NRCN, P.O. Box 9001, Beer-Sheva 84190, Israel
| | - I Bedlinskiy
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - B L Berman
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - A S Biselli
- Fairfield University, Fairfield, Connecticut 06824, USA and Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | - W Boeglin
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - J Bono
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - C Bookwalter
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - S Boiarinov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - W J Briscoe
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - W K Brooks
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - N Bubis
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - V Burkert
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Camsonne
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Canan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D S Carman
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - A Celentano
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | | | - G Charles
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - K Chirapatpimol
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - E Cisbani
- INFN, Gruppo collegato Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department TESA, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - P L Cole
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - V Crede
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - F Cusanno
- INFN, Gruppo collegato Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department TESA, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - A D'Angelo
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy and Università di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
| | - A Daniel
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - N Dashyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - C W de Jager
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R De Vita
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - E De Sanctis
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - A Deur
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C Djalali
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - G E Dodge
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D Doughty
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Dupre
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - C Dutta
- University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky 40506, USA
| | - H Egiyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - A El Alaoui
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - L El Fassi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - P Eugenio
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - G Fedotov
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Fegan
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - J A Fleming
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - A Fradi
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - F Garibaldi
- INFN, Gruppo collegato Sanità and Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Department TESA, I-00161 Rome, Italy
| | - O Geagla
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - N Gevorgyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K L Giovanetti
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - F X Girod
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - J Glister
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3J5, Canada and Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - J T Goetz
- University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California 90095-1547, USA
| | - W Gohn
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - E Golovatch
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy and Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - R W Gothe
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - K A Griffioen
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - B Guegan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - M Guidal
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - L Guo
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - K Hafidi
- Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - H Hakobyan
- Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile and Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - N Harrison
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - D Heddle
- Christopher Newport University, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - K Hicks
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - D Ho
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - M Holtrop
- University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire 03824-3568, USA
| | - C E Hyde
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D G Ireland
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - B S Ishkhanov
- Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - E L Isupov
- Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - X Jiang
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - H S Jo
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - K Joo
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | | | - D Keller
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Khandaker
- Norfolk State University, Norfolk, Virginia 23504, USA
| | - P Khetarpal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | | | - A Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - W Kim
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - F J Klein
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - S Koirala
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - A Kubarovsky
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA and Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute, 119899 Moscow, Russia
| | - V Kubarovsky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S V Kuleshov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia and Universidad Técnica Federico Santa María, Casilla 110-V Valparaíso, Chile
| | - N D Kvaltine
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - B Lee
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - J J LeRose
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Lewis
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - R Lindgren
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - K Livingston
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - H Y Lu
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - Y Mao
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - D Martinez
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - M Mayer
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - E McCullough
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B McKinnon
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Meekins
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - C A Meyer
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - R Michaels
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - T Mineeva
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - M Mirazita
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - B Moffit
- College of William and Mary, Williamsburg, Virginia 23187-8795, USA
| | - V Mokeev
- Skobeltsyn Nuclear Physics Institute, 119899 Moscow, Russia and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - H Moutarde
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - E Munevar
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | | | - P Nadel-Turonski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - R Nasseripour
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA and James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - C S Nepali
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - S Niccolai
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - G Niculescu
- James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA and Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - I Niculescu
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA and James Madison University, Harrisonburg, Virginia 22807, USA
| | - M Osipenko
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - A I Ostrovidov
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - R Paremuzyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - K Park
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - S Park
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | | | - E Phelps
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - S Pisano
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - O Pogorelko
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - S Pozdniakov
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia
| | - S Procureur
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | | | - A J R Puckett
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - X Qian
- Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27708, USA
| | - Y Qiang
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - G Ricco
- Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - D Rimal
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - M Ripani
- INFN, Sezione di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - B G Ritchie
- Arizona State University, Tempe, Arizona 85287-1504, USA
| | - I Rodriguez
- Florida International University, Miami, Florida 33199, USA
| | - G Ron
- The Hebrew University of Jerusalem, 91904, Israel
| | - G Rosner
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - P Rossi
- INFN, Laboratori Nazionali di Frascati, 00044 Frascati, Italy
| | - F Sabatié
- CEA, Centre de Saclay, Irfu/Service de Physique Nucléaire, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France
| | - A Saha
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M S Saini
- Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306, USA
| | - A J Sarty
- Saint Mary's University, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 3C3, Canada
| | - B Sawatzky
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA and University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - N A Saylor
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | - D Schott
- The George Washington University, Washington, D.C. 20052, USA
| | - E Schulte
- Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, New Jersey 08855, USA
| | - R A Schumacher
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | - E Seder
- University of Connecticut, Storrs, Connecticut 06269, USA
| | - H Seraydaryan
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - R Shneor
- Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 69978, Israel
| | - G D Smith
- University of Glasgow, Glasgow G12 8QQ, United Kingdom
| | - D Sokhan
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire ORSAY, Orsay 91406, France
| | - N Sparveris
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA and Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - S S Stepanyan
- Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Republic of Korea
| | - S Stepanyan
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - P Stoler
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA
| | - R Subedi
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - V Sulkosky
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M Taiuti
- Università di Genova, 16146 Genova, Italy
| | - W Tang
- Ohio University, Athens, Ohio 45701, USA
| | - C E Taylor
- Idaho State University, Pocatello, Idaho 83209, USA
| | - S Tkachenko
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - M Ungaro
- Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute, Troy, New York 12180-3590, USA and Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Vernarsky
- Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA
| | | | - H Voskanyan
- Yerevan Physics Institute, 375036 Yerevan, Armenia
| | - E Voutier
- LPSC, Université Joseph Fourier, CNRS/IN2P3, INPG, Grenoble, France
| | - N K Walford
- Catholic University of America, Washington, D.C. 20064, USA
| | - Y Wang
- University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
| | - D P Watts
- Edinburgh University, Edinburgh EH9 3JZ, United Kingdom
| | - L B Weinstein
- Old Dominion University, Norfolk, Virginia 23529, USA
| | - D P Weygand
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - B Wojtsekhowski
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - M H Wood
- Canisius College, Buffalo, New York 14208, USA
| | - X Yan
- Kent State University, Kent, Ohio 44242, USA
| | - H Yao
- Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122, USA
| | - N Zachariou
- University of South Carolina, Columbia, South Carolina 29208, USA
| | - X Zhan
- Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, USA
| | - J Zhang
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility, Newport News, Virginia 23606, USA
| | - Z W Zhao
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - X Zheng
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia 22901, USA
| | - I Zonta
- INFN, Sezione di Roma Tor Vergata, 00133 Rome, Italy
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Ghimire A, Bhattarai B, Rahman TR, Singh SN, Koirala S, Tripathi M. Propofol sedation during spinal anaesthesia- a dose finding study. Kathmandu Univ Med J (KUMJ) 2012; 9:170-3. [PMID: 22609501 DOI: 10.3126/kumj.v9i3.6299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is important to be able to measure and maintain a specific sedation level to compare outcomes of different levels of sedation during anesthesia and the aims include general patient comfort, freedom from specific discomfort, and some amnesia for both the block procedure and the surgical operation, in order to meet the patient preference and safety. In this prospective randomized clinical study, we compared the three different infusion doses of propofol. OBJECTIVE To find out the appropriate infusion dose of propofol for optimal sedation without causing undue side effects in patients undergoing spinal anaesthesia. METHOD One hundred twenty patients ASA PS I-II were randomly allocated to three groups 1, 2 and 3 receiving propofol infusion at the rate of 25, 50 and 75 microgram/kg/min with concentration of (0.5%), (1%) and (1.5%) respectively. They were observed for sedation score, hemodynamic parameters and satisfaction level. The adverse effects like respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting score were assessed. RESULT Median sedation score increased in a dose dependent manner, with significantly higher scores in group 2 and 3 compared with group 1. Hemodynamic parameters were better in group 1 and 2 as judged by mephentermine requirement. The awakening time after stoppage of infusion was significantly delayed in group 3 (p < 0.001). Respiratory depression, nausea and vomiting were comparable clinically. Almost three fourth of the patients were satisfied with the techniques used. CONCLUSION Propofol infusion at the rate of 50 mcg/kg/min for sedation in spinal anaesthesia provides optimal sedation, early awakening and excellent satisfaction level in the postoperative period.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ghimire
- Department of Anaesthesiology and Critical Care, BPKIHS, Dharan, Nepal.
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Pudasaini S, Prasad KBR, Rauniyar SK, Shrestha R, Gautam K, Pathak R, Koirala S, Manandhar U, Shrestha B. Interpretation of bone marrow aspiration in hematological disorder. J Pathol Nep 2012. [DOI: 10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hematological disorders are quite frequent in all age group. Most of this hematological disorder first present as anemia. Bone Marrow Aspiration plays a major role in the diagnosis of its underlying cause. The aim of this study was to analyze the causes of hematological disorders, its spectrum and to interprete the bone marrow aspiration findings.Materials and Methods: This was a retrospective and prospective study carried out in the department of Pathology of Nepal Medical College in a period of two years. (July 2010 - June 2012). Bone marrow examination of 57 cases of suspected hematological disorders was carried out. All details of the patients were obtained from the record file in the department of pathology.Results: Out of 57 cases of bone marrow aspiration, erythroid hyperplasia was seen in 12 cases (21%). Megaloblastic anemia was seen in 7 cases (12.3%) and microcytic anemia was seen in 4 cases (7%). There were 6 cases (10.5%) of Idiopathic Thrombocypenic Purpura. Acute leukemia was diagnosed in 7 cases (12.3%) and among this acute myeloid leukemia (10.5%) was more common than acute lymphoid leukemia (1.8%). Myelodysplastic syndrome and multiple myeloma was seen in 3.5 % cases each. Aplastic anemia and kalaazar was seen in 5.3% and 1.8% cases respectively.Conclusion: Bone marrow examination is an important step to arrive at the confirmatory diagnosis of many hematological disorders.Journal of Pathology of Nepal (2012) Vol. 2, 309-312DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jpn.v2i4.6885
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Bedlinskiy I, Kubarovsky V, Niccolai S, Stoler P, Adhikari KP, Aghasyan M, Amaryan MJ, Anghinolfi M, Avakian H, Baghdasaryan H, Ball J, Baltzell NA, Battaglieri M, Bennett RP, Biselli AS, Bookwalter C, Boiarinov S, Briscoe WJ, Brooks WK, Burkert VD, Carman DS, Celentano A, Chandavar S, Charles G, Contalbrigo M, Crede V, D'Angelo A, Daniel A, Dashyan N, De Vita R, De Sanctis E, Deur A, Djalali C, Doughty D, Dupre R, Egiyan H, El Alaoui A, El Fassi L, Elouadrhiri L, Eugenio P, Fedotov G, Fegan S, Fleming JA, Forest TA, Fradi A, Garçon M, Gevorgyan N, Giovanetti KL, Girod FX, Gohn W, Gothe RW, Graham L, Griffioen KA, Guegan B, Guidal M, Guo L, Hafidi K, Hakobyan H, Hanretty C, Heddle D, Hicks K, Holtrop M, Ilieva Y, Ireland DG, Ishkhanov BS, Isupov EL, Jo HS, Joo K, Keller D, Khandaker M, Khetarpal P, Kim A, Kim W, Klein FJ, Koirala S, Kubarovsky A, Kuhn SE, Kuleshov SV, Kvaltine ND, Livingston K, Lu HY, MacGregor IJD, Mao Y, Markov N, Martinez D, Mayer M, McKinnon B, Meyer CA, Mineeva T, Mirazita M, Mokeev V, Moutarde H, Munevar E, Munoz Camacho C, Nadel-Turonski P, Niculescu G, Niculescu I, Osipenko M, Ostrovidov AI, Pappalardo LL, Paremuzyan R, Park K, Park S, Pasyuk E, Anefalos Pereira S, Phelps E, Pisano S, Pogorelko O, Pozdniakov S, Price JW, Procureur S, Prok Y, Protopopescu D, Puckett AJR, Raue BA, Ricco G, Rimal D, Ripani M, Rosner G, Rossi P, Sabatié F, Saini MS, Salgado C, Saylor N, Schott D, Schumacher RA, Seder E, Seraydaryan H, Sharabian YG, Smith GD, Sober DI, Sokhan D, Stepanyan SS, Stepanyan S, Strauch S, Taiuti M, Tang W, Taylor CE, Tian Y, Tkachenko S, Ungaro M, Vineyard MF, Vlassov A, Voskanyan H, Voutier E, Walford NK, Watts DP, Weinstein LB, Weygand DP, Wood MH, Zachariou N, Zhang J, Zhao ZW, Zonta I. Measurement of exclusive π(0) electroproduction structure functions and their relationship to transverse generalized parton distributions. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 109:112001. [PMID: 23005620 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.109.112001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Exclusive π(0) electroproduction at a beam energy of 5.75 GeV has been measured with the Jefferson Lab CLAS spectrometer. Differential cross sections were measured at more than 1800 kinematic values in Q(2), x(B), t, and ϕ(π), in the Q(2) range from 1.0 to 4.6 GeV(2), -t up to 2 GeV(2), and x(B) from 0.1 to 0.58. Structure functions σ(T)+ϵσ(L), σ(TT), and σ(LT) were extracted as functions of t for each of 17 combinations of Q(2) and x(B). The data were compared directly with two handbag-based calculations including both longitudinal and transversity generalized parton distributions (GPDs). Inclusion of only longitudinal GPDs very strongly underestimates σ(T)+ϵσ(L) and fails to account for σ(TT) and σ(LT), while inclusion of transversity GPDs brings the calculations into substantially better agreement with the data. There is very strong sensitivity to the relative contributions of nucleon helicity-flip and helicity nonflip processes. The results confirm that exclusive π(0) electroproduction offers direct experimental access to the transversity GPDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Bedlinskiy
- Institute of Theoretical and Experimental Physics, Moscow, 117259, Russia
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Giri S, Sharma SR, Timalsina S, Yadav V, Koirala S, Kumar A, Neupane S, Neupane M. Cardiovascular health risk behavior among medical students in a teaching hospital. J Nepal Health Res Counc 2012; 10:187-191. [PMID: 23281448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Medical students are the health care providers of tomorrow. The health behaviors that are acquired in early life and in medical school will influence their future acceptance and practice of preventive strategies including their interaction with patients. The main objective of our study was to assess the health behavior and perceptions of medical students in relation to cardiovascular diseases. METHODS A cross sectional descriptive study was done among 159 medical students of Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital in Kathmandu, Nepal from September 2010 to December 2010. Data collection was done using a self administered questionnaire. RESULTS The mean age was 22.9±2.5 yrs and a male:female ratio of 2.1:1. Thirty Five (22%) were current smokers, 56 (35%) indulged in episodic heavy drinking, 25 (15.7%) were overweight, 34 (21%) engaged in recommended amount of physical activitiy,58 (33%) regulated fat consumption and 46 (28%) regulated salt consumption. Regarding developing cardiovascular disease in the future, 85(53%) showed concern but only 33 (38%) of these adopted preventive practices. 101 (64%) believed that their medical school life had a harmful effect on their health. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows a high prevalence of cardiovascular risk behaviours among the medical students. This highlights the urgency that we must take to promote preventive knowledge and practices among medical students. This will help them to become prevention oriented clinicians in future to counter the increasing burden of cardiovascular diseases in this part of the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Giri
- Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching Hospital, Kathmandu, Nepal.
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