1
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Moyers BA, Partridge EC, Mackiewicz M, Betti MJ, Darji R, Meadows SK, Newberry KM, Brandsmeier LA, Wold BJ, Mendenhall EM, Myers RM. Characterization of human transcription factor function and patterns of gene regulation in HepG2 cells. Genome Res 2023; 33:gr.278205.123. [PMID: 37852782 PMCID: PMC10760452 DOI: 10.1101/gr.278205.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/20/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors (TFs) are trans-acting proteins that bind cis-regulatory elements (CREs) in DNA to control gene expression. Here, we analyzed the genomic localization profiles of 529 sequence-specific TFs and 151 cofactors and chromatin regulators in the human cancer cell line HepG2, for a total of 680 broadly termed DNA-associated proteins (DAPs). We used this deep collection to model each TF's impact on gene expression, and identified a cohort of 26 candidate transcriptional repressors. We examine high occupancy target (HOT) sites in the context of three-dimensional genome organization and show biased motif placement in distal-promoter connections involving HOT sites. We also found a substantial number of closed chromatin regions with multiple DAPs bound, and explored their properties, finding that a MAFF/MAFK TF pair correlates with transcriptional repression. Altogether, these analyses provide novel insights into the regulatory logic of the human cell line HepG2 genome and show the usefulness of large genomic analyses for elucidation of individual TF functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle A Moyers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | | | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Michael J Betti
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee 37232, USA
| | - Roshan Darji
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | | | | | - Barbara J Wold
- Merkin Institute for Translational Research, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA;
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA;
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2
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Hiatt SM, Trajkova S, Sebastiano MR, Partridge EC, Abidi FE, Anderson A, Ansar M, Antonarakis SE, Azadi A, Bachmann-Gagescu R, Bartuli A, Benech C, Berkowitz JL, Betti MJ, Brusco A, Cannon A, Caron G, Chen Y, Cochran ME, Coleman TF, Crenshaw MM, Cuisset L, Curry CJ, Darvish H, Demirdas S, Descartes M, Douglas J, Dyment DA, Elloumi HZ, Ermondi G, Faoucher M, Farrow EG, Felker SA, Fisher H, Hurst AC, Joset P, Kelly MA, Kmoch S, Leadem BR, Lyons MJ, Macchiaiolo M, Magner M, Mandrile G, Mattioli F, McEown M, Meadows SK, Medne L, Meeks NJ, Montgomery S, Napier MP, Natowicz M, Newberry KM, Niceta M, Noskova L, Nowak CB, Noyes AG, Osmond M, Prijoles EJ, Pugh J, Pullano V, Quélin C, Rahimi-Aliabadi S, Rauch A, Redon S, Reymond A, Schwager CR, Sellars EA, Scheuerle AE, Shukarova-Angelovska E, Skraban C, Stolerman E, Sullivan BR, Tartaglia M, Thiffault I, Uguen K, Umaña LA, van Bever Y, van der Crabben SN, van Slegtenhorst MA, Waisfisz Q, Washington C, Rodan LH, Myers RM, Cooper GM. Deleterious, protein-altering variants in the transcriptional coregulator ZMYM3 in 27 individuals with a neurodevelopmental delay phenotype. Am J Hum Genet 2023; 110:215-227. [PMID: 36586412 PMCID: PMC9943726 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajhg.2022.12.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) result from highly penetrant variation in hundreds of different genes, some of which have not yet been identified. Using the MatchMaker Exchange, we assembled a cohort of 27 individuals with rare, protein-altering variation in the transcriptional coregulator ZMYM3, located on the X chromosome. Most (n = 24) individuals were males, 17 of which have a maternally inherited variant; six individuals (4 male, 2 female) harbor de novo variants. Overlapping features included developmental delay, intellectual disability, behavioral abnormalities, and a specific facial gestalt in a subset of males. Variants in almost all individuals (n = 26) are missense, including six that recurrently affect two residues. Four unrelated probands were identified with inherited variation affecting Arg441, a site at which variation has been previously seen in NDD-affected siblings, and two individuals have de novo variation resulting in p.Arg1294Cys (c.3880C>T). All variants affect evolutionarily conserved sites, and most are predicted to damage protein structure or function. ZMYM3 is relatively intolerant to variation in the general population, is widely expressed across human tissues, and encodes a component of the KDM1A-RCOR1 chromatin-modifying complex. ChIP-seq experiments on one variant, p.Arg1274Trp, indicate dramatically reduced genomic occupancy, supporting a hypomorphic effect. While we are unable to perform statistical evaluations to definitively support a causative role for variation in ZMYM3, the totality of the evidence, including 27 affected individuals, recurrent variation at two codons, overlapping phenotypic features, protein-modeling data, evolutionary constraint, and experimentally confirmed functional effects strongly support ZMYM3 as an NDD-associated gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Hiatt
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA,Corresponding author
| | - Slavica Trajkova
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Matteo Rossi Sebastiano
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | - Ashlyn Anderson
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Muhammad Ansar
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Lausanne, Jules Gonin Eye Hospital, Fondation Asile des Aveugles, Lausanne, Switzerland,Advanced Molecular Genetics and Genomics Disease Research and Treatment Centre, Dow University of Health Sciences, Karachi, Pakistan
| | | | - Azadeh Azadi
- Obestetrics and Gynecology Department, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | | | - Andrea Bartuli
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Alfredo Brusco
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Ashley Cannon
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Giulia Caron
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | | | | | | | - Molly M. Crenshaw
- Pediatrics and Medical Genetics, University of Colorado, Aurora CO, USA
| | - Laurence Cuisset
- Service de Médecine Génomique des Maladies de Système et d’Organe, Département Médico-Universitaire BioPhyGen, Hôpital Cochin, APHP, Université Paris Cité, Paris, France
| | | | - Hossein Darvish
- Neuroscience Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran,Nikagene Genetic Diagnostic Laboratory, Gorgan, Golestan, Iran
| | - Serwet Demirdas
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maria Descartes
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | | | - David A. Dyment
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Giuseppe Ermondi
- Molecular Biotechnology and Health Sciences Department, Università degli Studi di Torino, via Quarello 15, 10135 Torino, Italy
| | - Marie Faoucher
- Service de Génétique Moléculaire et Génomique, CHU, Rennes 35033, France,Univ Rennes, CNRS, IGDR, UMR 6290, Rennes 35000, France
| | - Emily G. Farrow
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | | | | | - Anna C.E. Hurst
- Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Pascal Joset
- Medical Genetics, Institute of Medical Genetics and Pathology, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Melissa A. Kelly
- HudsonAlpha Clinical Services Lab, LLC, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Stanislav Kmoch
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Marina Macchiaiolo
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Martin Magner
- Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, General University Hospital and First faculty of Medicine, Charles University, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Giorgia Mandrile
- Medical Genetics Unit and Thalassemia Center, San Luigi University Hospital, University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Francesca Mattioli
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Megan McEown
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Sarah K. Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Livija Medne
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Naomi J.L. Meeks
- Section of Genetics & Metabolism, Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
| | - Sarah Montgomery
- Division of Genetics and Metabolism, Children’s Health, Dallas, TX, USA
| | | | - Marvin Natowicz
- Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, Genomic Medicine, Neurological and Pediatrics Institutes, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | | | - Marcello Niceta
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Lenka Noskova
- Research Unit for Rare Diseases, Department of Pediatrics and Inherited Metabolic Disorders, 1st Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | | | | | - Matthew Osmond
- Children’s Hospital of Eastern Ontario Research Institute, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | | | - Jada Pugh
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Verdiana Pullano
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Torino, 10126 Torino, Italy
| | - Chloé Quélin
- Service de Génétique Clinique, Centre de Référence Maladies Rares CLAD-Ouest, CHU Hôpital Sud, Rennes, France
| | - Simin Rahimi-Aliabadi
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Anita Rauch
- Institute of Medical Genetics, University of Zurich, Schlieren 8952, Switzerland,University Children’s Hospital Zurich, University of Zurich, Zurich 8032, Switzerland
| | - Sylvia Redon
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France,Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Brest, France
| | - Alexandre Reymond
- Center for Integrative Genomics, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Elizabeth A. Sellars
- Genetics and Metabolism, Arkansas Children's Hospital, Little Rock, AR 72202, USA
| | - Angela E. Scheuerle
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Elena Shukarova-Angelovska
- Department of Endocrinology and Genetics, University Clinic for Children's Diseases, Medical Faculty, University Sv. Kiril i Metodij, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - Cara Skraban
- Childrens Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | - Bonnie R. Sullivan
- Division of Genetics, Children’s Mercy Kansas City, Kansas City, MO, USA
| | - Marco Tartaglia
- Genetics and Rare Diseases Research Division, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, IRCCS, 00146 Rome, Italy
| | - Isabelle Thiffault
- Children's Mercy Kansas City, Center for Pediatric Genomic Medicine, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Kevin Uguen
- Univ Brest, Inserm, EFS, UMR 1078, GGB, 29200 Brest, France,Service de Génétique Médicale et Biologie de la Reproduction, CHU de Brest, Brest, France,Centre de Référence Déficiences Intellectuelles de causes rares, Brest, France
| | - Luis A. Umaña
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Genetics and Metabolism, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Yolande van Bever
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | - Quinten Waisfisz
- Department of Human Genetics, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, VU University Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lance H. Rodan
- Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Richard M. Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Gregory M. Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA,Corresponding author
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3
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Partridge EC, Chhetri SB, Prokop JW, Ramaker RC, Jansen CS, Goh ST, Mackiewicz M, Newberry KM, Brandsmeier LA, Meadows SK, Messer CL, Hardigan AA, Coppola CJ, Dean EC, Jiang S, Savic D, Mortazavi A, Wold BJ, Myers RM, Mendenhall EM. Occupancy maps of 208 chromatin-associated proteins in one human cell type. Nature 2020; 583:720-728. [PMID: 32728244 PMCID: PMC7398277 DOI: 10.1038/s41586-020-2023-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2017] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Transcription factors are DNA-binding proteins that have key roles in gene regulation1,2. Genome-wide occupancy maps of transcriptional regulators are important for understanding gene regulation and its effects on diverse biological processes3–6. However, only a minority of the more than 1,600 transcription factors encoded in the human genome has been assayed. Here we present, as part of the ENCODE (Encyclopedia of DNA Elements) project, data and analyses from chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by high-throughput sequencing (ChIP–seq) experiments using the human HepG2 cell line for 208 chromatin-associated proteins (CAPs). These comprise 171 transcription factors and 37 transcriptional cofactors and chromatin regulator proteins, and represent nearly one-quarter of CAPs expressed in HepG2 cells. The binding profiles of these CAPs form major groups associated predominantly with promoters or enhancers, or with both. We confirm and expand the current catalogue of DNA sequence motifs for transcription factors, and describe motifs that correspond to other transcription factors that are co-enriched with the primary ChIP target. For example, FOX family motifs are enriched in ChIP–seq peaks of 37 other CAPs. We show that motif content and occupancy patterns can distinguish between promoters and enhancers. This catalogue reveals high-occupancy target regions at which many CAPs associate, although each contains motifs for only a minority of the numerous associated transcription factors. These analyses provide a more complete overview of the gene regulatory networks that define this cell type, and demonstrate the usefulness of the large-scale production efforts of the ENCODE Consortium. ChIP–seq and CETCh–seq data are used to analyse binding maps for 208 transcription factors and other chromatin-associated proteins in a single human cell type, providing a comprehensive catalogue of the transcription factor landscape and gene regulatory networks in these cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Surya B Chhetri
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MA, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
| | - Ryne C Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Camden S Jansen
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Say-Tar Goh
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - C Luke Messer
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Andrew A Hardigan
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Candice J Coppola
- Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Emma C Dean
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shan Jiang
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daniel Savic
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Department, St Jude Children's Research Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Ali Mortazavi
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Barbara J Wold
- Division of Biology, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA. .,Department of Biological Sciences, The University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA.
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4
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Meadows SK, Brandsmeier LA, Newberry KM, Betti MJ, Nesmith AS, Mackiewicz M, Partridge EC, Mendenhall EM, Myers RM. Epitope Tagging ChIP-Seq of DNA Binding Proteins Using CETCh-Seq. Methods Mol Biol 2020; 2117:3-34. [PMID: 31960370 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-0301-7_1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) has been used to identify transcription factor (TF) binding proteins throughout the genome. Unfortunately, this approach traditionally requires commercially available, ChIP-seq grade antibodies that frequently fail to generate acceptable datasets. To obtain data for the many TFs for which there is no appropriate antibody, we recently developed a new method for performing ChIP-seq by epitope tagging endogenous TFs using CRISPR/Cas9 genome editing technology (CETCh-seq). Here, we describe our general protocol of CETCh-seq for both adherent and nonadherent cell lines using a commercially available FLAG antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | | | | | - Amy S Nesmith
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | | | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.,University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, USA.
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5
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Patel N, Wang J, Shiozawa K, Jones KB, Zhang Y, Prokop JW, Davenport GG, Nihira NT, Hao Z, Wong D, Brandsmeier L, Meadows SK, Sampaio AV, Werff RV, Endo M, Capecchi MR, McNagny KM, Mak TW, Nielsen TO, Underhill TM, Myers RM, Kondo T, Su L. HDAC2 Regulates Site-Specific Acetylation of MDM2 and Its Ubiquitination Signaling in Tumor Suppression. iScience 2019; 13:43-54. [PMID: 30818224 PMCID: PMC6393697 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2019.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2018] [Revised: 01/10/2019] [Accepted: 02/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Histone deacetylases (HDACs) are promising targets for cancer therapy, although their individual actions remain incompletely understood. Here, we identify a role for HDAC2 in the regulation of MDM2 acetylation at previously uncharacterized lysines. Upon inactivation of HDAC2, this acetylation creates a structural signal in the lysine-rich domain of MDM2 to prevent the recognition and degradation of its downstream substrate, MCL-1 ubiquitin ligase E3 (MULE). This mechanism further reveals a therapeutic connection between the MULE ubiquitin ligase function and tumor suppression. Specifically, we show that HDAC inhibitor treatment promotes the accumulation of MULE, which diminishes the t(X; 18) translocation-associated synovial sarcomagenesis by directly targeting the fusion product SS18-SSX for degradation. These results uncover a new HDAC2-dependent pathway that integrates reversible acetylation signaling to the anticancer ubiquitin response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikita Patel
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Juehong Wang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Kumiko Shiozawa
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Kevin B Jones
- Department of Orthopaedics and Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Yanfeng Zhang
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy W Prokop
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA; Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | | | - Naoe T Nihira
- Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Zhenyue Hao
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Derek Wong
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | | | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Arthur V Sampaio
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Ryan Vander Werff
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Makoto Endo
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - Mario R Capecchi
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kelly M McNagny
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Tak W Mak
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 2C1, Canada
| | - Torsten O Nielsen
- Genetic Pathology Evaluation Centre, Vancouver Coastal Health Research Institute, Vancouver, BC V5Z 1M9, Canada
| | - T Michael Underhill
- Biomdical Research Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Tadashi Kondo
- Division of Rare Cancer Research, National Cancer Center, Tokyo 104-0045, Japan
| | - Le Su
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA.
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6
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Savic D, Ramaker RC, Roberts BS, Dean EC, Burwell TC, Meadows SK, Cooper SJ, Garabedian MJ, Gertz J, Myers RM. Distinct gene regulatory programs define the inhibitory effects of liver X receptors and PPARG on cancer cell proliferation. Genome Med 2016; 8:74. [PMID: 27401066 PMCID: PMC4940857 DOI: 10.1186/s13073-016-0328-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The liver X receptors (LXRs, NR1H2 and NR1H3) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG, NR1C3) nuclear receptor transcription factors (TFs) are master regulators of energy homeostasis. Intriguingly, recent studies suggest that these metabolic regulators also impact tumor cell proliferation. However, a comprehensive temporal molecular characterization of the LXR and PPARG gene regulatory responses in tumor cells is still lacking. Methods To better define the underlying molecular processes governing the genetic control of cellular growth in response to extracellular metabolic signals, we performed a comprehensive, genome-wide characterization of the temporal regulatory cascades mediated by LXR and PPARG signaling in HT29 colorectal cancer cells. For this analysis, we applied a multi-tiered approach that incorporated cellular phenotypic assays, gene expression profiles, chromatin state dynamics, and nuclear receptor binding patterns. Results Our results illustrate that the activation of both nuclear receptors inhibited cell proliferation and further decreased glutathione levels, consistent with increased cellular oxidative stress. Despite a common metabolic reprogramming, the gene regulatory network programs initiated by these nuclear receptors were widely distinct. PPARG generated a rapid and short-term response while maintaining a gene activator role. By contrast, LXR signaling was prolonged, with initial, predominantly activating functions that transitioned to repressive gene regulatory activities at late time points. Conclusions Through the use of a multi-tiered strategy that integrated various genomic datasets, our data illustrate that distinct gene regulatory programs elicit common phenotypic effects, highlighting the complexity of the genome. These results further provide a detailed molecular map of metabolic reprogramming in cancer cells through LXR and PPARG activation. As ligand-inducible TFs, these nuclear receptors can potentially serve as attractive therapeutic targets for the treatment of various cancers. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13073-016-0328-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Ryne C Ramaker
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.,Department of Genetics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Brian S Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Emma C Dean
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Todd C Burwell
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Sara J Cooper
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA
| | - Michael J Garabedian
- Departments of Microbiology and Urology, New York University, New York, NY, 10016, USA
| | - Jason Gertz
- Department of Oncological Sciences, Huntsman Cancer Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, 84112, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL, 35806, USA.
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7
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Savic D, Partridge EC, Newberry KM, Smith SB, Meadows SK, Roberts BS, Mackiewicz M, Mendenhall EM, Myers RM. CETCh-seq: CRISPR epitope tagging ChIP-seq of DNA-binding proteins. Genome Res 2015; 25:1581-9. [PMID: 26355004 PMCID: PMC4579343 DOI: 10.1101/gr.193540.115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 08/14/2015] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by next-generation DNA sequencing (ChIP-seq) is a widely used technique for identifying transcription factor (TF) binding events throughout an entire genome. However, ChIP-seq is limited by the availability of suitable ChIP-seq grade antibodies, and the vast majority of commercially available antibodies fail to generate usable data sets. To ameliorate these technical obstacles, we present a robust methodological approach for performing ChIP-seq through epitope tagging of endogenous TFs. We used clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR)/Cas9-based genome editing technology to develop CRISPR epitope tagging ChIP-seq (CETCh-seq) of DNA-binding proteins. We assessed the feasibility of CETCh-seq by tagging several DNA-binding proteins spanning a wide range of endogenous expression levels in the hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HepG2. Our data exhibit strong correlations between both replicate types as well as with standard ChIP-seq approaches that use TF antibodies. Notably, we also observed minimal changes to the cellular transcriptome and to the expression of the tagged TF. To examine the robustness of our technique, we further performed CETCh-seq in the breast adenocarcinoma cell line MCF7 as well as mouse embryonic stem cells and observed similarly high correlations. Collectively, these data highlight the applicability of CETCh-seq to accurately define the genome-wide binding profiles of DNA-binding proteins, allowing for a straightforward methodology to potentially assay the complete repertoire of TFs, including the large fraction for which ChIP-quality antibodies are not available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Savic
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | | | | | - Sophia B Smith
- University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Sarah K Meadows
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Brian S Roberts
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Mark Mackiewicz
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
| | - Eric M Mendenhall
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA; University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, Alabama 35899, USA
| | - Richard M Myers
- HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, Alabama 35806, USA
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8
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Meadows SK, Weiss K. Preassessment of weight management practices by providers and patients from 2 community primary care clinic networks. J Contin Educ Health Prof 2015; 35 Suppl 1:S36-S37. [PMID: 26115243 DOI: 10.1002/chp.21283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
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9
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Doan PL, Russell JL, Himburg HA, Helms K, Harris JR, Lucas J, Holshausen KC, Meadows SK, Daher P, Jeffords LB, Chao NJ, Kirsch DG, Chute JP. Tie2(+) bone marrow endothelial cells regulate hematopoietic stem cell regeneration following radiation injury. Stem Cells 2013; 31:327-37. [PMID: 23132593 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/06/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) reside in proximity to bone marrow endothelial cells (BM ECs) and maintenance of the HSC pool is dependent upon EC-mediated c-kit signaling. Here, we used genetic models to determine whether radioprotection of BM ECs could facilitate hematopoietic regeneration following radiation-induced myelosuppression. We developed mice bearing deletion of the proapoptotic proteins, BAK and BAX, in Tie2(+) ECs and HSCs (Tie2Bak/Bax(Fl/-) mice) and compared their hematopoietic recovery following total body irradiation (TBI) with mice which retained Bax in Tie2(+) cells. Mice bearing deletion of Bak and Bax in Tie2(+) cells demonstrated protection of BM HSCs, preserved BM vasculature, and 100% survival following lethal dose TBI. In contrast, mice that retained Bax expression in Tie2(+) cells demonstrated depletion of BM HSCs, disrupted BM vasculature, and 10% survival post-TBI. In a complementary study, VEcadherinBak/Bax(Fl/-) mice, which lack Bak and Bax in VEcadherin(+) ECs, also demonstrated increased recovery of BM stem/progenitor cells following TBI compared to mice which retained Bax in VEcadherin(+) ECs. Importantly, chimeric mice that lacked Bak and Bax in HSCs but retained Bak and Bax in BM ECs displayed significantly decreased HSC content and survival following TBI compared to mice lacking Bak and Bax in both HSCs and BM ECs. These data suggest that the hematopoietic response to ionizing radiation is dependent upon HSC-autonomous responses but is regulated by BM EC-mediated mechanisms. Therefore, BM ECs may be therapeutically targeted as a means to augment hematopoietic reconstitution following myelosuppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong L Doan
- Division of Hematologic Malignancies and Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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10
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Meadows SK, Dressman HK, Daher P, Himburg H, Russell JL, Doan P, Chao NJ, Lucas J, Nevins JR, Chute JP. Diagnosis of partial body radiation exposure in mice using peripheral blood gene expression profiles. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11535. [PMID: 20634956 PMCID: PMC2902517 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2010] [Accepted: 06/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
In the event of a terrorist-mediated attack in the United States using radiological or improvised nuclear weapons, it is expected that hundreds of thousands of people could be exposed to life-threatening levels of ionizing radiation. We have recently shown that genome-wide expression analysis of the peripheral blood (PB) can generate gene expression profiles that can predict radiation exposure and distinguish the dose level of exposure following total body irradiation (TBI). However, in the event a radiation-mass casualty scenario, many victims will have heterogeneous exposure due to partial shielding and it is unknown whether PB gene expression profiles would be useful in predicting the status of partially irradiated individuals. Here, we identified gene expression profiles in the PB that were characteristic of anterior hemibody-, posterior hemibody- and single limb-irradiation at 0.5 Gy, 2 Gy and 10 Gy in C57Bl6 mice. These PB signatures predicted the radiation status of partially irradiated mice with a high level of accuracy (range 79-100%) compared to non-irradiated mice. Interestingly, PB signatures of partial body irradiation were poorly predictive of radiation status by site of injury (range 16-43%), suggesting that the PB molecular response to partial body irradiation was anatomic site specific. Importantly, PB gene signatures generated from TBI-treated mice failed completely to predict the radiation status of partially irradiated animals or non-irradiated controls. These data demonstrate that partial body irradiation, even to a single limb, generates a characteristic PB signature of radiation injury and thus may necessitate the use of multiple signatures, both partial body and total body, to accurately assess the status of an individual exposed to radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Meadows
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
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11
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Muramoto GG, Russell JL, Safi R, Salter AB, Himburg HA, Daher P, Meadows SK, Doan P, Storms RW, Chao NJ, McDonnell DP, Chute JP. Inhibition of aldehyde dehydrogenase expands hematopoietic stem cells with radioprotective capacity. Stem Cells 2010; 28:523-34. [PMID: 20054864 DOI: 10.1002/stem.299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs) are enriched for aldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) activity and ALDH is a selectable marker for human HSCs. However, the function of ALDH in HSC biology is not well understood. We sought to determine the function of ALDH in regulating HSC fate. Pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH with diethylaminobenzaldehyde (DEAB) impeded the differentiation of murine CD34(-)c-kit(+)Sca-1(+)lineage(-) (34(-)KSL) HSCs in culture and facilitated a ninefold expansion of cells capable of radioprotecting lethally irradiated mice compared to input 34(-)KSL cells. Treatment of bone marrow (BM) 34(-)KSL cells with DEAB caused a fourfold increase in 4-week competitive repopulating units, verifying the amplification of short-term HSCs (ST-HSCs) in response to ALDH inhibition. Targeted siRNA of ALDH1a1 in BM HSCs caused a comparable expansion of radioprotective progenitor cells in culture compared to DEAB treatment, confirming that ALDH1a1 was the target of DEAB inhibition. The addition of all trans retinoic acid blocked DEAB-mediated expansion of ST-HSCs in culture, suggesting that ALDH1a1 regulates HSC differentiation via augmentation of retinoid signaling. Pharmacologic inhibition of ALDH has therapeutic potential as a means to amplify ST-HSCs for transplantation purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Garrett G Muramoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina 27710, USA
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12
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Chen BJ, Deoliveira D, Spasojevic I, Sempowski GD, Jiang C, Owzar K, Wang X, Gesty-Palmer D, Cline JM, Bourland JD, Dugan G, Meadows SK, Daher P, Muramoto G, Chute JP, Chao NJ. Growth hormone mitigates against lethal irradiation and enhances hematologic and immune recovery in mice and nonhuman primates. PLoS One 2010; 5:e11056. [PMID: 20585403 PMCID: PMC2886847 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0011056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2010] [Accepted: 05/12/2010] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Medications that can mitigate against radiation injury are limited. In this study, we investigated the ability of recombinant human growth hormone (rhGH) to mitigate against radiation injury in mice and nonhuman primates. BALB/c mice were irradiated with 7.5 Gy and treated post-irradiation with rhGH intravenously at a once daily dose of 20 microg/dose for 35 days. rhGH protected 17 out of 28 mice (60.7%) from lethal irradiation while only 3 out of 28 mice (10.7%) survived in the saline control group. A shorter course of 5 days of rhGH post-irradiation produced similar results. Compared with the saline control group, treatment with rhGH on irradiated BALB/c mice significantly accelerated overall hematopoietic recovery. Specifically, the recovery of total white cells, CD4 and CD8 T cell subsets, B cells, NK cells and especially platelets post radiation exposure were significantly accelerated in the rhGH-treated mice. Moreover, treatment with rhGH increased the frequency of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cells as measured by flow cytometry and colony forming unit assays in bone marrow harvested at day 14 after irradiation, suggesting the effects of rhGH are at the hematopoietic stem/progenitor level. rhGH mediated the hematopoietic effects primarily through their niches. Similar data with rhGH were also observed following 2 Gy sublethal irradiation of nonhuman primates. Our data demonstrate that rhGH promotes hematopoietic engraftment and immune recovery post the exposure of ionizing radiation and mitigates against the mortality from lethal irradiation even when administered after exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benny J Chen
- Department of Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America.
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13
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Himburg HA, Muramoto GG, Daher P, Meadows SK, Russell JL, Doan P, Chi JT, Salter AB, Lento WE, Reya T, Chao NJ, Chute JP. Pleiotrophin regulates the expansion and regeneration of hematopoietic stem cells. Nat Med 2010; 16:475-82. [PMID: 20305662 DOI: 10.1038/nm.2119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 219] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2009] [Accepted: 02/11/2010] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) self-renewal is regulated by both intrinsic and extrinsic signals. Although some of the pathways that regulate HSC self-renewal have been uncovered, it remains largely unknown whether these pathways can be triggered by deliverable growth factors to induce HSC growth or regeneration. Here we show that pleiotrophin, a neurite outgrowth factor with no known function in hematopoiesis, efficiently promotes HSC expansion in vitro and HSC regeneration in vivo. Treatment of mouse bone marrow HSCs with pleiotrophin caused a marked increase in long-term repopulating HSC numbers in culture, as measured in competitive repopulating assays. Treatment of human cord blood CD34(+)CDCD38(-)Lin(-) cells with pleiotrophin also substantially increased severe combined immunodeficient (SCID)-repopulating cell counts in culture, compared to input and cytokine-treated cultures. Systemic administration of pleiotrophin to irradiated mice caused a pronounced expansion of bone marrow stem and progenitor cells in vivo, indicating that pleiotrophin is a regenerative growth factor for HSCs. Mechanistically, pleiotrophin activated phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) signaling in HSCs; antagonism of PI3K or Notch signaling inhibited pleiotrophin-mediated expansion of HSCs in culture. We identify the secreted growth factor pleiotrophin as a new regulator of both HSC expansion and regeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heather A Himburg
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Department of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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14
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Meadows SK, Dressman HK, Muramoto GG, Himburg H, Salter A, Wei Z, Ginsburg G, Chao NJ, Nevins JR, Chute JP. Gene expression signatures of radiation response are specific, durable and accurate in mice and humans. PLoS One 2008; 3:e1912. [PMID: 18382685 PMCID: PMC2271127 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0001912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2007] [Accepted: 02/28/2008] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Previous work has demonstrated the potential for peripheral blood (PB) gene expression profiling for the detection of disease or environmental exposures. METHODS AND FINDINGS We have sought to determine the impact of several variables on the PB gene expression profile of an environmental exposure, ionizing radiation, and to determine the specificity of the PB signature of radiation versus other genotoxic stresses. Neither genotype differences nor the time of PB sampling caused any lessening of the accuracy of PB signatures to predict radiation exposure, but sex difference did influence the accuracy of the prediction of radiation exposure at the lowest level (50 cGy). A PB signature of sepsis was also generated and both the PB signature of radiation and the PB signature of sepsis were found to be 100% specific at distinguishing irradiated from septic animals. We also identified human PB signatures of radiation exposure and chemotherapy treatment which distinguished irradiated patients and chemotherapy-treated individuals within a heterogeneous population with accuracies of 90% and 81%, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that PB gene expression profiles can be identified in mice and humans that are accurate in predicting medical conditions, are specific to each condition and remain highly accurate over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K. Meadows
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Holly K. Dressman
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Garrett G. Muramoto
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Heather Himburg
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Alice Salter
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - ZhengZheng Wei
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Geoff Ginsburg
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Nelson J. Chao
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - Joseph R. Nevins
- Department of Molecular Genetics and Microbiology, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
| | - John P. Chute
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- Institute for Genome Sciences and Policy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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15
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Mselle TF, Meadows SK, Eriksson M, Smith JM, Shen L, Wira CR, Sentman CL. Unique characteristics of NK cells throughout the human female reproductive tract. Clin Immunol 2007; 124:69-76. [PMID: 17524808 DOI: 10.1016/j.clim.2007.04.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2007] [Revised: 04/17/2007] [Accepted: 04/17/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we have analyzed the presence and subsets of NK cells throughout the tissues of the FRT. We demonstrate that there are NK cells in the various FRT tissues and that their phenotype and regulation are largely dependent upon the FRT tissue where they reside. NK cells in the Fallopian tube, endometrium, cervix, and ectocervix expressed CD9 while blood NK cells did not. We have also found that unique subsets of NK cells are in specific locations of the FRT. The NK cells in the lower reproductive tract did not express CD94, but they did express CD16. In contrast, NK cells in the upper FRT express high amounts of CD94 and CD69, but few NK cells expressed CD16. All of these FRT NK cells were able to produce IFN-gamma upon stimulation with cytokines. Furthermore, the number of NK cells varied with the menstrual cycle in the endometrium but not in the cervix or ectocervix. These data suggest that unique characteristics of the tissues may account of specific localization of different NK cell subsets.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, CD/analysis
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/analysis
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Genitalia, Female/cytology
- Genitalia, Female/immunology
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Lectins, C-Type
- Leukocyte Common Antigens/analysis
- Membrane Glycoproteins/analysis
- Middle Aged
- NK Cell Lectin-Like Receptor Subfamily D/analysis
- Receptors, IgG/analysis
- Tetraspanin 29
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Affiliation(s)
- Teddy F Mselle
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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16
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Chute JP, Muramoto GG, Salter AB, Meadows SK, Rickman DW, Chen B, Himburg HA, Chao NJ. Transplantation of vascular endothelial cells mediates the hematopoietic recovery and survival of lethally irradiated mice. Blood 2006; 109:2365-72. [PMID: 17095624 PMCID: PMC1852197 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2006-05-022640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Flk-1(+) endothelial progenitors contribute critically to the definitive onset of hematopoiesis during embryogenesis. Recent studies have suggested that adult sources of endothelial cells also possess hematopoietic activity. In this study, we sought to determine whether transplantation of primary vascular endothelial cells (ECs) could enhance the hematopoietic recovery and survival of irradiated mice. C57Bl6 mice were exposed to sublethal and lethal doses of irradiation and were subsequently given transplants of either primary murine brain-derived ECs (MBECs) or fetal blood-derived ECs (FBECs). Mice that received a transplant with MBECs alone demonstrated accelerated BM cellular recovery, radioprotection of BM c-kit(+)sca-1(-)lin(-) progenitors and enhanced regeneration of c-kit(+)sca-1(+)lin(-) (KSL) stem/progenitor cells following irradiation compared with controls. MBEC transplantation also facilitated the recovery of circulating white blood cell and platelet counts following radiation exposure. Remarkably, 57% of mice that received a transplant with MBECs alone survived long term following 1050 cGy exposure, which was 100% lethal in control mice. FBEC transplantation was also associated with increased survival compared with controls, although these mice did not survive in the long term. These data suggest that reestablishment of endothelial cell activity can improve the hematopoietic recovery and survival of irradiated mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- John P Chute
- Division of Cellular Therapy, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, NC 27710, USA.
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17
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Eriksson M, Meadows SK, Wira CR, Sentman CL. Endogenous Transforming Growth Factor-? Inhibits Toll-Like Receptor Mediated Activation of Human Uterine Natural Killer Cells. Am J Reprod Immunol 2006; 56:321-8. [PMID: 17076676 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0897.2006.00432.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
PROBLEM Toll-like receptors (TLRs) recognition is an important means for the innate immune system to rapidly respond to pathogen invasion. Our aim was to determine whether uterine natural killer (uNK) cell cytokine production induced by stimulation through TLRs could be regulated by endogenous transforming growth factor (TGF)-beta in human endometrium. METHOD OF STUDY Single cells were isolated from human endometrium, and interferon (IFN)-gamma production by endometrium cells and uNK cells was determined after stimulation by TLR agonists. The role of TGF-beta in regulating this response was tested by blocking TGF-beta function using antibodies or a specific inhibitor, SB431542. RESULTS TGF-beta blockade increased TLR agonist induced IFN-gamma by uNK cells. The regulation of uNK cell cytokine production was observed when uNK cells were incubated with agonists for TLR2 (PGN) or TLR3 (polyI:C). Blockade of TGF-beta or TGF-beta receptor signaling had no effect on constitutive cytokine production in the absence of TLR agonists. CONCLUSION The results indicate that endogenous TGF-beta alters cytokine responses of uNK cells in human endometrium in response to TLR agonists. These data suggest that uNK cell responses to microbial pathogens in the endometrium are regulated by the amount of biologically active TGF-beta present within the human endometrium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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18
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Abstract
The human endometrium (EM) contains macrophages, NK cells, T cells, B cells, and neutrophils in contact with a variety of stromal and epithelial cells. The interplay between these different cell types and their roles in defense against pathogen invasion in this specialized tissue are important for controlling infection and reproduction. TLRs are a family of receptors able to recognize conserved pathogen-associated molecular patterns. In this study, we determined the expression of TLRs on uterine NK (uNK) cells from the human EM and the extent to which uNK cells responded to TLR agonist stimulation. uNK cells expressed TLRs 2, 3, and 4, and produced IFN-gamma when total human endometrial cells were stimulated with agonists to TLR2 or TLR3 (peptidoglycan or poly(I:C), respectively). Activated uNK cell clones produced IFN-gamma upon stimulation with peptidoglycan or poly(I:C). However, purified uNK cells did not respond directly to TLR agonists, but IFN-gamma was produced by uNK cells in response to TLR stimulation when cocultured with APCs. These data indicate that uNK cells express TLRs and that they can respond to TLR agonists within EM by producing IFN-gamma. These data also indicate that the uNK cells do not respond directly to TLR stimulation, but rather their production of IFN-gamma is dependent upon interactions with other cells within EM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Eriksson
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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19
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Meadows SK, Eriksson M, Barber A, Sentman CL. Human NK cell IFN-gamma production is regulated by endogenous TGF-beta. Int Immunopharmacol 2006; 6:1020-8. [PMID: 16644489 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2006.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2005] [Revised: 11/29/2005] [Accepted: 01/20/2006] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
NK cells are an important component of innate immunity, and they can promote CTL and Th1 cell development and macrophage activation via cytokines. TGF-beta is believed to be an important immunoregulatory molecule, and for this reason several TGF-beta inhibitors are currently in clinical development. However, the modulation of specific innate immune responses by endogenous human TGF-beta remains unclear. In this study, we demonstrate that blocking the action of endogenous TGF-beta resulted in an increase in both the percentage of responding NK cells and the amount of IFN-gamma produced by human NK cells when stimulated by monokines and TLR agonists. Blocking endogenous TGF-beta resulted in significant NK cell IFN-gamma production under suboptimal stimulation conditions. Our findings also suggest that TGF-beta associated with other blood cells may be involved in limiting NK cell activation. Thus, inhibiting endogenous TGF-beta provides a means to shift NK cell activation and promote cellular immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah K Meadows
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, 6W Borwell Bldg, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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20
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Abstract
Numerous studies have shown that NK cells are important in controlling the early stages of infection with alpha- or betaherpesviruses. In contrast, little is known about the impact of NK cells on gammaherpesvirus infections. We tested mice with defects in NK cells for their ability to resist murine gammaherpesvirus (MHV-68) infection. The depletion of NK cells had no effect on the control of the acute or latent stages of the infection. In addition, transgenic mice deficient in NK cells controlled the infection in a comparable manner to wild-type mice. We also showed that the antiviral CD8 T cell response was unaffected by the presence or absence NK cells. We conclude that NK cells contribute little to the control of MHV-68 infection, and therefore, NK cells are not essential for controlling all herpesvirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward J Usherwood
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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21
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Sentman CL, Meadows SK, Wira CR, Eriksson M. Recruitment of uterine NK cells: induction of CXC chemokine ligands 10 and 11 in human endometrium by estradiol and progesterone. J Immunol 2005; 173:6760-6. [PMID: 15557169 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.173.11.6760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Uterine NK (uNK) cells express a unique set of markers compared with blood NK cells. However, recent studies suggest that uNK cells may be derived from the recruitment of blood NK cells into the endometrium. In this study, we used an in vitro organ culture system to demonstrate that estradiol induces expression of chemokines CXCL10 and/or CXCL11 within human endometrium in 85% of patient samples tested. The average increase in gene expression after 10(-9) M estradiol treatment was 8.5-fold for CXCL10 and 7.7-fold for CXCL11 compared with medium alone. We observed that a specific estrogen receptor antagonist (ICI182780) was able to prevent chemokine gene induction, indicating that the effect of estradiol was receptor mediated. Moreover, our study showed that progesterone induced CXCL10 and CXCL11 expression in 83% of endometrial samples tested. We have also found that uNK cells and blood NK cells express the receptor for CXCL10 and CXCL11, CXCR3, with the highest expression found on uNK cells and CD56(bright) blood NK cells. These data indicate that sex hormones induce specific chemokines in nonpregnant human endometrium that can activate NK cell migration, and suggest that this mechanism may account for the increased NK cell numbers in endometrium during the menstrual cycle.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- CD56 Antigen/biosynthesis
- CD56 Antigen/blood
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Cell Movement/immunology
- Chemokine CXCL10
- Chemokine CXCL11
- Chemokines, CXC/biosynthesis
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/metabolism
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/immunology
- Endometrium/cytology
- Endometrium/drug effects
- Endometrium/immunology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Estradiol/pharmacology
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Gene Expression Regulation/immunology
- Humans
- Killer Cells, Natural/cytology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Organ Culture Techniques
- Progesterone/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Receptors, CXCR3
- Receptors, Chemokine/biosynthesis
- Receptors, Chemokine/physiology
- Transcriptional Activation
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Affiliation(s)
- Charles L Sentman
- Department of, Microbiology and Immunology, Dartmouth Medical School, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA.
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22
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Abstract
Natural killer (NK) cells are a major population of lymphocytes in the human endometrium (EM), and NK cells can be a significant source of cytokines that alter local immune responses. The aim of this study was to determine the expression of NK cell receptors in situ and to test whether uterine NK (uNK) cells produce cytokines and how this activity may be regulated by transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-beta). We observed that human uNK cells were CD56+, CD3-, CD57-, CD9+, CD94+, killer inhibitory receptor+, and CD16+/- in situ by confocal microscopy. We examined cytokine production by uNK cells and uNK cell clones derived from human EM. Stimulation of uNK cells with interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-15, both of which are expressed in the human EM, induced interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) and IL-10 production. IFN-gamma production by uNK cell clones was completely inhibited by TGF-beta1 in a dose-dependent manner with an inhibitory concentration 50% value of 20 pg/ml. IL-10 secretion by uNK cell clones was also inhibited by TGF-beta1 at similar concentrations. Furthermore, blocking endogenous TGF-beta in fresh human endometrial cell cultures increased the production of IFN-gamma by uNK cells. These data indicate that uNK cells have a unique phenotype that is distinct from blood NK cells. Further, data demonstrate that uNK cells can produce immunoregulatory cytokines and that inhibition of uNK cells by locally produced TGF-beta1 is a likely mechanism to regulate NK cell function in the human EM.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Antigens, Surface/immunology
- Antigens, Surface/metabolism
- Cytokines/immunology
- Cytokines/metabolism
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Endometrium/cytology
- Endometrium/immunology
- Endometrium/metabolism
- Feedback, Physiological/drug effects
- Feedback, Physiological/immunology
- Female
- Humans
- Immunity, Innate/drug effects
- Immunity, Innate/immunology
- Immunophenotyping
- Interferon-gamma/immunology
- Interferon-gamma/metabolism
- Interleukin-10/immunology
- Interleukin-10/metabolism
- Interleukin-12/pharmacology
- Interleukin-15/pharmacology
- Killer Cells, Natural/drug effects
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Middle Aged
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/immunology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta/pharmacology
- Transforming Growth Factor beta1
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Affiliation(s)
- Mikael Eriksson
- Dartmouth Medical School, One Medical Center Drive, Lebanon, NH 03756, USA
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