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Bukreeva I, Gulimova VI, Krivonosov YS, Buzmakov AV, Junemann O, Cedola A, Fratini M, Maugeri L, Begani Provinciali G, Palermo F, Sanna A, Pieroni N, Asadchikov VE, Saveliev SV. The Study of the Caudal Vertebrae of Thick-Toed Geckos after a Prolonged Space Flight by X-ray Phase-Contrast Micro-CT. Cells 2023; 12:2415. [PMID: 37830629 PMCID: PMC10572532 DOI: 10.3390/cells12192415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The proximal caudal vertebrae and notochord in thick-toed geckos (TG) (Chondrodactylus turneri, Gray, 1864) were investigated after a 30-day space flight onboard the biosatellite Bion-M1. This region has not been explored in previous studies. Our research focused on finding sites most affected by demineralization caused by microgravity (G0). We used X-ray phase-contrast tomography to study TG samples without invasive prior preparation to clarify our previous findings on the resistance of TG's bones to demineralization in G0. The results of the present study confirmed that geckos are capable of preserving bone mass after flight, as neither cortical nor trabecular bone volume fraction showed statistically significant changes after flight. On the other hand, we observed a clear decrease in the mineralization of the notochordal septum and a substantial rise in intercentrum volume following the flight. To monitor TG's mineral metabolism in G0, we propose to measure the volume of mineralized tissue in the notochordal septum. This technique holds promise as a sensitive approach to track the demineralization process in G0, given that the volume of calcification within the septum is limited, making it easy to detect even slight changes in mineral content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
- P.N. Lebedev Physical Institute Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 53, 119991 Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I. Gulimova
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Tsyurupy Str. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Yuri S. Krivonosov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia (V.E.A.)
| | - Alexey V. Buzmakov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia (V.E.A.)
| | - Olga Junemann
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Tsyurupy Str. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00142 Roma, Italy
| | - Laura Maugeri
- IRCCS Fondazione Santa Lucia, Via Ardeatina 306/354, 00142 Roma, Italy
| | - Ginevra Begani Provinciali
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
- Physics Department, ‘Sapienza’ University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 2, 00185 Rome, Italy
- Laboratoire d’Optique Appliquée, CNRS, ENSTA Paris, Ecole Polytechnique IP Paris, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Francesca Palermo
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Alessia Sanna
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Nicola Pieroni
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, 00185 Rome, Italy; (I.B.); (O.J.); (A.C.); (M.F.)
| | - Victor E. Asadchikov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre “Crystallography and Photonics”, Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, 119333 Moscow, Russia (V.E.A.)
| | - Sergey V. Saveliev
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution, “Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery”, Tsyurupy Str. 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia;
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Junemann O, Ivanova AG, Bukreeva I, Zolotov DA, Fratini M, Cedola A, Wilde F, Dyachkova IG, Krivonosov YS, Otlyga DA, Saveliev SV. Comparative study of calcification in human choroid plexus, pineal gland, and habenula. Cell Tissue Res 2023; 393:537-545. [PMID: 37354235 DOI: 10.1007/s00441-023-03800-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Choroid plexus, pineal gland, and habenula tend to accumulate physiologic calcifications (concrements) over a lifetime. However, until now the composition and causes of the intracranial calcifications remain unclear. The detailed analysis of concrements has been done by us using X-ray diffraction analysis (XRD), X-ray diffraction topography (XRDT), micro-CT, X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT), as well as histology and immunohistochemistry (IHC). By combining physical (XRD) and biochemical (IHC) methods, we identified inorganic (hydroxyapatite) and organic (vimentin) components of the concrements. Via XPCT, XRDT, histological, and IHC methods, we assessed the structure of concrements within their appropriate tissue environment in both two and three dimensions. The study found that hydroxyapatite was a major component of all calcified depositions. It should be noted, however, that the concrements displayed distinctive characteristics corresponding to each specific structure of the brain. As a result, our study provides a basis for assessing the pathological and physiological changes that occur in brain structure containing calcifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Junemann
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation.
| | - A G Ivanova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - I Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy.
| | - D A Zolotov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - M Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
- IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Via Ardeatina 352, Rome, Italy
| | - A Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology-CNR (Rome unit), c/o Department of Physics, La Sapienza University, Piazzale Aldo Moro 5, Rome, Italy
| | - F Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Max-Planck-Str. 1, 21502, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - I G Dyachkova
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yu S Krivonosov
- Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics", Russian Academy of Sciences, Leninskiy Prospekt 59, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - D A Otlyga
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - S V Saveliev
- Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology of Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Petrovsky National Research Centre of Surgery", Tsyurupy Street, 3, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Bukreeva I, Junemann O, Cedola A, Brun F, Longo E, Tromba G, Wilde F, Chukalina MV, Krivonosov YS, Dyachkova IG, Buzmakov AV, Zolotov DA, Palermo F, Gigli G, Otlyga DA, Saveliev SV, Fratini M, Asadchikov VE. Micromorphology of pineal gland calcification in age-related neurodegenerative diseases. Med Phys 2023; 50:1601-1613. [PMID: 36309985 DOI: 10.1002/mp.16080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The formation of concrements in human pineal gland (PG) is a physiological process and, according to many researchers, is associated with the involution of PG structures. The majority of scientific publications concern progressive calcification of PG, leaving out studies on the destruction of already formed calcified concrements. Our study fills the gap in knowledge about calcified zones destruction in PG in normal aging and neuropathological conditions, which has not been addressed until now. PURPOSE Our objective is to gain insight into human PG tissue impairment in both normal aging and neurodegenerative conditions. X-ray phase-contrast tomography (XPCT) allowed us to study PG tissue degeneration at high spatial resolution and, for the first time, to examine the damaged PG concrements in detail. Our research finding could potentially enhance the understanding of the PG involvement in the process of aging as well as in Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VD). METHODS The research was carried out on human PG autopsy material in normal aging, VD, and AD conditions. Laboratory-based micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) was used to collect and evaluate samples of native, uncut, and unstained PG with different degrees of pineal calcification. The detailed high-resolution 3D images of the selected PGs were produced using synchrotron-based XPCT. Histology and immunohistochemistry of soft PG tissue confirmed XPCT results. RESULTS We performed via micro-CT the evaluation of the morphometric parameters of PG such as total sample volume, calcified concrements volume, and percentage of concrements in the total volume of the sample. XPCT imaging revealed high-resolution details of age-related PG alteration. In particular, we noted signs of moderate degradation of concrements in some PGs from elderly donors. In addition, our analysis revealed noticeable degenerative change in both concrements and soft tissue of PGs with neuropathology. In particular, we observed a hollow core and separated layers as well as deep ragged cracks in PG concrements of AD and VD samples. In parenchyma of some samples, we detected wide pinealocyte-free fluid-filled areas adjacent to the calcified zones. CONCLUSION The present work provides the basis for future scientific research focused on the dynamic nature of PG calcium deposits and PG soft tissue in normal aging and neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Olga Junemann
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome unit, Rome, Italy
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Francesco Brun
- Department of Engineering and Architecture, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Elena Longo
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliana Tromba
- Elettra-Sincrotrone Trieste S.C.p.A., Basovizza, Trieste, Italy
| | - Fabian Wilde
- Institute of Materials Physics, Helmholtz-Zentrum Hereon, Geesthacht, Germany
| | - Marina V Chukalina
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
- Smart Engines Service LLC, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Yuri S Krivonosov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Irina G Dyachkova
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Alexey V Buzmakov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | - Denis A Zolotov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Giuseppe Gigli
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, c/o Campus Ecotekne - Università del Salento via Monteroni, Lecce, Italy
| | - Dmitry A Otlyga
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russian Federation
| | | | - Michela Fratini
- Institute of Nanotechnology - CNR, Rome unit, Rome, Italy
- Laboratory of Neurophysics and Neuroimaging (NaN), IRCCS Santa Lucia Foundation, Rome, Italy
| | - Victor E Asadchikov
- Federal Scientific Research Center "Crystallography and Photonics" RAS, Moscow, Russian Federation
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Krivonosov YS, Gulimova VI, Buzmakov AV, Zolotov DA, Cedola A, Bukreeva I, Asadchikov VE, Saveliev SV. Micro-CT Study of Mongolian Gerbil Humeral Bone After Prolonged Spaceflight Based on a New Algorithm for Delimitation of Long-Bone Regions. Front Physiol 2021; 12:752893. [PMID: 34950047 PMCID: PMC8688953 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.752893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 11/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The Mongolian gerbil displays unique physiological and anatomical features that make this species an attractive object for biological experiments in space. However, until recently, the Mongolian gerbil has remained a novel, mostly unstudied animal model in investigating bone loss in weightlessness (G0). After 12 days of orbital Foton-M3 mission, the humerus of Mongolian gerbils has been studied here via micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) to quantify bone morphometric parameters. The samples from the flight group, delayed synchronous ground-control group, and basal control group were investigated, and main morphometric parameters were reported in the article. The accurate selection of a region of interest is an essential step for a correct assessment of bone parameters. We proposed a new, easy and efficient method for delimiting the bone’s basic regions in the humerus. It is based on quantitative estimation of X-ray attenuation in the cortical bone as a function of humerus bone length. The micro-CT analysis of the basic bone regions revealed a difference in bone morphometric parameters between the flight and control gerbils. The most significant bone loss was observed in the cortical part of the proximal humeral zone in the flight group. No statistically significant changes of volume fraction in the cancellous tissue of proximal and distal epiphyses and metaphyses were observed. A statistically significant increase in both cancellous bone volume and bone X-ray attenuation in the flight group was detected in the proximal part of the diaphyses. We assume that enhanced calcium deposition in the diaphyseal cancellous tissue occurred due to a bone response to G0 conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuri S Krivonosov
- Laboratory of X-ray Reflectometry and SAXS, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victoria I Gulimova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Federal State Budgetary Institution "A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia
| | - Alexey V Buzmakov
- Laboratory of X-ray Reflectometry and SAXS, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Denis A Zolotov
- Laboratory of X-ray Reflectometry and SAXS, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Alessia Cedola
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy
| | - Inna Bukreeva
- Institute of Nanotechnology, CNR, Rome Unit, Rome, Italy.,X-ray Optics Laboratory, P. N. Lebedev Physical Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Victor E Asadchikov
- Laboratory of X-ray Reflectometry and SAXS, Federal Scientific Research Centre "Crystallography and Photonics" of Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Federal State Budgetary Institution "A. P. Avtsyn Research Institute of Human Morphology", Moscow, Russia
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Krivova YS, Proshchina AE, Otlyga DA, Leonova OG, Saveliev SV. Prenatal development of sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas. Ann Anat 2021; 240:151880. [PMID: 34896557 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2021.151880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The sympathetic nervous system plays an important role in the regulation of pancreatic exocrine and endocrine secretion. The results of experimental studies also demonstrate the involvement of the sympathetic nervous system in the regulation of endocrine cell differentiation and islet formation during the development of the pancreas. However, the prenatal development of sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas has not yet been studied. MATERIAL AND METHODS Pancreatic autopsy samples from 24 human fetuses were examined using immunohistochemistry with antibodies to tyrosine hydroxylase (TH). The density, concentration, and size (width, length, perimeter and area) of the TH-positive sympathetic nerves were compared in four developmental periods: pre-fetal (8-11 weeks post conception (w.p.c.), n = 6), early fetal (13-20 gestational weeks (g.w.), n = 7), middle fetal (21-28 g.w., n = 6) and late fetal (29-40 g.w., n = 5) using morphometric methods and statistical analysis (Multiple Comparisons p values). Double immunofluorescence with antibodies to TH and either insulin or glucagon and confocal microscopy were applied to analyze the interaction between the sympathetic nerves and endocrine cells, and the co-localization of TH with hormones. RESULTS TH-positive sympathetic nerves were detected in the fetal pancreas starting from the early stages (8 w.p.c.). The developmental dynamics of sympathetic nerves was follows: from the pre-fetal period, the amount of TH-positive nerves gradually increased and their branching occurred reaching the highest density and concentration in the middle fetal period, followed by a decrease in these parameters in the late fetal period. From the 14th g.w. onwards, thin TH-positive nerve fibers were mainly distributed in the vicinity of blood vessels and around the neurons of intrapancreatic ganglia, which is similar in adults. There were only rare TH-positive nerve fibers adjacent to acini or located at the periphery of some islets. The close interactions between the TH-positive nerve fibers and endocrine cells were observed in the neuro-insular complexes. Additionally, non-neuronal TH-containing cells were found in the pancreas of fetuses from the pre-fetal and early fetal periods. Some of these cells simultaneously contained glucagon. CONCLUSIONS The results demonstrate that sympathetic innervation of the human pancreas, including the formation of perivascular and intraganglionic nerve plexuses, extensively develops during prenatal period, while some processes, such as the formation of sympathetic innervation of islet capillaries, may occur postnatally. Non-neuronal TH-containing cells, as well as the interactions between the sympathetic terminals and endocrine cells observed in the fetal pancreas may be necessary for endocrine pancreas development in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S Krivova
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
| | | | - Dmitry A Otlyga
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Ol'ga G Leonova
- Engelhardt Institute of Molecular Biology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Vavilova St. 32, 119991 Moscow, Russia.
| | - Sergey V Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Tsurupy st., 3, 117418 Moscow, Russia.
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Otlyga DA, Junemann OA, Dzhalilova DS, Tsvetkova EG, Saveliev SV. Immunohistochemical Study of Dark and Progenitor Carotid Body Cells: Artefacts or Real Subtypes? Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 168:807-811. [PMID: 32328951 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-04807-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Postmortem changes occurring in human carotid body were simulated on the Wistar rat model. It was shown that light, dark, and pyknotic (progenitor) subtypes of human carotid body cells are an artifact and cannot be used in clinical practice to study the characteristics of various human diseases. The differences between the control group of healthy individuals and individuals with the various pathologies are most likely due to the different levels of premortal hypoxia that the tissue had been exposed to. Moreover, widespread antigens used in practice were divided into 2 groups by their tolerance to autolysis: stable and unstable ones. This can be useful for the development of immunohistochemical test algorithms for the diagnostics on autopsy material.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Otlyga
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia.
| | - O A Junemann
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
| | | | - E G Tsvetkova
- I. M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
| | - S V Saveliev
- Research Institute of Human Morphology, Moscow, Russia
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Barabanov VM, Gulimova VI, Berdiev RK, Saveliev SV. Individual features of play behavior in thick-toed geckos in weightlessness and normal gravity conditions. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2019; 22:38-46. [PMID: 31421847 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2019.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The object play behavior in thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY 1864) was studied during a 30-day orbital experiment onboard the Bion-M1 biosatellite. The play object for five geckos was a marking collar that one of the geckos in the flight group removed immediately before the launch. The play behavior started when either the gecko observed the approaching floating collar or when the gecko independently approached the stationary collar, followed by manipulation of the collar and subsequent observation of its moving away. While playing with the collar, the individuality of geckos' behavior was manifested in the frequency and number of play episodes, the nature of manipulations, and the duration of interest in play during the flight. We found that thick-toed geckos could play not only with an unknown object (marking collar) but also with familiar molting skins. In weightlessness, the play behavior of geckos with molting skin fragments was similar to the play behavior with the collar and also varied between individuals. It was established that geckos maintained a similar individual level of play activity with different objects (collar and molting skins). It was found that geckos also played with fragments of molting skin under normal gravity conditions. In contrast to weightlessness, play behavior at normal gravity was rare and limited to short durations of object manipulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Barabanov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - V I Gulimova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia.
| | - R K Berdiev
- Research and educational center for wild animal rehabilitation, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - S V Saveliev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia
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Proshchina AE, Krivova YS, Barabanov VM, Saveliev SV. Pancreatic endocrine cell arrangement during human ontogeny. Acta Histochem 2019; 121:638-645. [PMID: 31146895 DOI: 10.1016/j.acthis.2019.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2018] [Revised: 05/17/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
In the human pancreas, various forms of endocrine cell arrangement are found: single endocrine cells, endocrine cell clusters, and mantel, bipolar and mosaic cell (mixed) islets. Our aim was to analyse the distribution and dynamics of insulin-, glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells within the various forms of endocrine pancreas arrangement during human prenatal development and in adults and to suggest a mechanism of change in the endocrine cell ratio in adult islets. Pancreatic autopsies derived from human foetuses from the 10th to the 40th weeks of development and from adults were examined using histological, immunohistochemical and morphometric methods. During development, the human endocrine pancreas undergoes not only de novo differentiation of endocrine cells and islet formation, but morphogenetic restructuring, which is revealed as a change of the α-, β- and δ-cell ratio in the islets. In particular, increased proportion of glucagon- and somatostatin-containing cells and decreased proportion of β-cells were shown in the largest mosaic islets in adults. Our results indicate that the distribution and proportion of α-, β- and δ-cells depend on the islets size and vascularisation. Studying of the mechanism of such restructuring may contribute to the development of new approaches in the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Barabanov VM, Gulimova VI, Berdiev RK, Saveliev SV. Attachment of Turner's thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY 1864) during weightlessness and their responses to flotation. Life Sci Space Res (Amst) 2018; 18:21-28. [PMID: 30100144 DOI: 10.1016/j.lssr.2018.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Revised: 04/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the behavior of 15 female Turner's thick-toed geckos (Chondrodactylus turneri GRAY 1864) during a 30-day orbital experiment on the unmanned spacecraft "BION-M" No. 1. During weightlessness, the geckos maintained their ability to attach to the surfaces using the subdigital pads on their toes. On average, the geckos spent 99.9% of the time adhering to surfaces during the flight and only 0.1% floating freely. The active geckos, when starting to float, immediately restored attachment by a number of behavioral responses. The floating quiescent geckos, when resuming their active condition, responded in the same manner. The responses during flotation are similar to the behavioral reflexes triggered by a fall under normal gravity; i.e.: 1) the ventral extension of the limbs, 2) a skydiving posture, and 3) postural righting reflexes. Ventral extension of limbs was described for the first time in weightlessness. Individual variability in the frequency of flotations was found for both active and quiescent geckos during the flight. The findings show that the ability to attach to surfaces is an important factor in the geckos' adaptation to weightlessness. The behavioral responses that originated during freefall in conditions on Earth (one-G) appear as adaptations to weightlessness and remain partially effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- V M Barabanov
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - V I Gulimova
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia.
| | - R K Berdiev
- Research and educational center for wild animal rehabilitation, Faculty of Biology, M.V. Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskie Gory, 1/12, Moscow 119899, Russia
| | - S V Saveliev
- Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution "Research Institute of Human Morphology", ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow 117418, Russia
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Krivova YS, Proshchina AE, Barabanov VM, Barinova IV, Saveliev SV. Immunohistochemical detection of vimentin in pancreatic islet β- and α-cells of macrosomic infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. Early Hum Dev 2018; 117:44-49. [PMID: 29275072 DOI: 10.1016/j.earlhumdev.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2017] [Revised: 12/08/2017] [Accepted: 12/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Expression of the intermediate filament protein vimentin has been recently observed in the pancreatic islet β- and α-cells of humans with type 2 diabetes mellitus. It was suggested that the presence of vimentin in endocrine cells may indicate islet tissue renewal, or potentially represent the dedifferentiation of endocrine cells, which could contribute to the onset of type 2 diabetes or islet cell dysfunction. AIM To analyze the expression of vimentin in pancreatic β- and α-cells of macrosomic infants of diabetic and nondiabetic mothers. SUBJECTS Pancreatic samples of five macrosomic infants (gestational age 34-40weeks) from three diabetic and two nondiabetic mothers were compared to six control infants (32-40weeks, weight appropriate for gestational age) from normoglycemic mothers. METHODS Pancreatic autopsy samples were examined by double immunofluorescent labeling with antibodies against vimentin and either insulin or glucagon. Alterations in the endocrine pancreas were measured using morphometric methods, then data were statistically analyzed. RESULTS In the pancreatic islets of macrosomic infants from diabetic and nondiabetic mothers, we observed vimentin-positive cells, some of which simultaneously contained insulin or glucagon. We also quantitatively showed that the presence of such cells was associated with hypertrophy and hyperplasia of the islets, and with an increase in β- and α-cell density. CONCLUSIONS We speculate that the appearance of vimentin-positive islet cells may reflect induction of differentiation in response to the increased insulin demand, and vimentin may serve as an early marker of endocrine pancreas disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuliya S Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupy St., Moscow 117418, Russia.
| | - Alexandra E Proshchina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupy St., Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Valeriy M Barabanov
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupy St., Moscow 117418, Russia
| | - Irina V Barinova
- Moscow Regional Research Institute of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ministry of Health of the Moscow Region, 22a Pokrovka St., Moscow 101000, Russia
| | - Sergey V Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Research Institute of Human Morphology, 3 Tsurupy St., Moscow 117418, Russia
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Saveliev SV, Alifanov VR. A new type of skin derivatives in Ornithischian dinosaurs from the late Jurassic of Transbaikalia (Russia). Dokl Biol Sci 2014; 456:182-4. [PMID: 24985510 DOI: 10.1134/s0012496614030053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- Borissiak Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya ul. 123, Moscow, 117997, Russia,
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Proshchina AE, Krivova YS, Barabanov VM, Saveliev SV. Ontogeny of neuro-insular complexes and islets innervation in the human pancreas. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2014; 5:57. [PMID: 24795697 PMCID: PMC4001005 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2014.00057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2013] [Accepted: 04/08/2014] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The ontogeny of the neuro-insular complexes (NIC) and the islets innervation in human pancreas has not been studied in detail. Our aim was to describe the developmental dynamics and distribution of the nervous system structures in the endocrine part of human pancreas. We used double-staining with antibodies specific to pan-neural markers [neuron-specific enolase (NSE) and S100 protein] and to hormones of pancreatic endocrine cells. NSE and S100-positive nerves and ganglia were identified in the human fetal pancreas from gestation week (gw) 10 onward. Later the density of S100 and NSE-positive fibers increased. In adults, this network was sparse. The islets innervation started to form from gw 14. NSE-containing endocrine cells were identified from gw 12 onward. Additionally, S100-positive cells were detected both in the periphery and within some of the islets starting at gw 14. The analysis of islets innervation has shown that the fetal pancreas contained NIC and the number of these complexes was reduced in adults. The highest density of NIC is detected during middle and late fetal periods, when the mosaic islets, typical for adults, form. The close integration between the developing pancreatic islets and the nervous system structures may play an important role not only in the hormone secretion, but also in the islets morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra E. Proshchina
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Department of Medical Biological Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Alexandra E. Proshchina, Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Department of Medical Biological Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Tsurupi Street 3, Moscow 117418, Russia e-mail:
| | - Yulia S. Krivova
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Department of Medical Biological Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Valeriy M. Barabanov
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Department of Medical Biological Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
| | - Sergey V. Saveliev
- Laboratory of Nervous System Development, Scientific Research Institute of Human Morphology, Department of Medical Biological Sciences, Russian Academy of Medical Science, Moscow, Russia
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Nikitin VB, Gulimova VI, Ilyin EA, Asadchikov VE, Buzmakov AV, Okshtein IL, Saveliev SV. Comparative analysis of the skeletal changes in tetrapods after brief influence of microgravity. J Gravit Physiol 2007; 14:P103-P104. [PMID: 18372720] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Experiments involving lower tetrapods demonstrate that the degree of skeletal demineralization in spaceflights is related to the type of environmental behaviour of the animal. Probably the sensing of support reaction decreases the negative effect of spaceflight upon the bone tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- V B Nikitin
- Institute of Human Morphology, ul. Tsurupi-3, Moscow, Russia
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Abstract
A new non-destructive method based on x-ray microtomography (micro-CT) was developed to measure calcium density in bone. X-ray micro-CT was used as a quantitative approach to acquire and reconstruct virtual cross-sections through the sample. Accurate beam-hardening correction was implemented. Grey values in the virtual cross-sections were calibrated as calcium mineral density in bone. From these cross-sections, three-dimensional models were created. Calcium content was calculated directly from images and expressed as percentage per volume and per weight. Calcium mineral density was studied by this method in a unique set of bones isolated from newts (Pleurodeles waltlii Michah) that had travelled into space. A demineralization of 10% was shown as a consequence of sustained micro-gravity.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Postnov
- Department of Physics, University of Antwerp (RUCA), Groenenborgerlaan, 171, Antwerp B-2020, Belgium
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Saveliev SV, Lebedev VV, Evgeniev MB, Korochkin LI. Chimeric brain: theoretical and clinical aspects. Int J Dev Biol 1997; 41:801-8. [PMID: 9449456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Using xeno-transplantation, interactions of neural tissues of vertebrates and insects were studied. Ventral neurogenic primordium of Notch Drosophila melanogaster embryos was transplanted into neural tube of amphibian and mammalian embryos with the aid of microhydrofeeding. Embryos of four different amphibian species, random bred mice and rats were used as graft recipients. It was concluded that there is a possibility to incorporate nerve cells of insects into the brain of vertebrates. Morphological and functional contacts can be established between the transplanted cells and host brain tissues. Transplanted Drosophila cells preserve their viability for a long time, so that a prolonged influence of the transplant upon the recipient can be predicted, which may be used in medical practice. A mixture of human fetal brain and Notch Drosophila melanogaster neural embryonic tissues were transplanted into the ventro-lateral nucleus of the thalamus of the patients of Parkinson' disease. As a result, tremor and constrained movements disappeared. Post-operation patients have been observed within 13-38 months. No side effects were noted during this time.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- Institute of Human Morphology, Russian Academy of Medical Sciences, Moscow
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Saveliev SV, Cox MM. Developmentally programmed DNA deletion in Tetrahymena thermophila by a transposition-like reaction pathway. EMBO J 1996; 15:2858-69. [PMID: 8654384 PMCID: PMC450224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
We provide a molecular description of key intermediates in the deletion of two internal eliminated sequences (IES elements), the M and R regions, during macronuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila. Using a variety of PCR-based methods in vivo, double-strand breaks are detected that are generated by hydrolytic cleavage and correspond closely to the observed chromosomal junctions left behind in the macronuclei. The breaks exhibit a temporal and structural relationship to the deletion reaction that provides strong evidence that they are intermediates in the deletion pathway. Breaks in the individual strands are staggered by 4 bp, producing a four nucleotide 5' extension. Evidence is presented that breaks do not occur simultaneously at both ends. The results are most consistent with a deletion mechanism featuring initiation by double-strand cleavage at one end of the deleted element, followed by transesterification to generate the macronuclear junction on one DNA strand. An adenosine residue is found at all the nucleophilic 3' ends used in the postulated transesterification step. Evidence for the transesterification step is provided by detection of a 3' hydroxyl that would be liberated by such a step at a deletion boundary where no other DNA strand ends are detected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706, USA
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Fessing MY, Saveliev SV, Kopylov AM, Kiryanov GI. Segment selection during 'phase variation'-type regulation of gene replacement mediated by FLP recombinase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biochem Mol Biol Int 1995; 36:137-44. [PMID: 7663408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
FLP recombinase has recently been used as a tool to direct the exchange between invertible DNA segments, called 'Phase variation'-type regulation of gene replacement in eukaryotic cells. Using an appropriate selective medium, positive segment selection was shown to be efficient during the regulation of gene replacement. The efficiency was determined from the copy number ratio of invertible segments with the use of the neomycinphosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene bearing invertible segments located on the episomal yeast plasmid, and the resident 2-microns circle. Without the selection the segments copy number ratio was retained in growing cells. The results obtained are an evidence for the efficiency of positive segment selection during the 'Phase variation'-type regulation of gene replacement in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Y Fessing
- A. N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia
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18
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Abstract
Thousands of programmed genomic deletion events occur during macronuclear development in Tetrahymena thermophila. Two of the deleted segments, called M and R, have been particularly well-characterized. Using ligation-mediated PCR, we have detected DNA strand breaks that correlate temporally and structurally with the deletion events in the M and R regions. The ends appear at positions that correspond precisely to boundaries of deleted sequences, as defined by observed chromosomal junctions found after deletion is complete. They occur exclusively during the known DNA rearrangement period in macronuclear development. The breaks are staggered by 4 bp in the complementary strands. Several alternative breaks were found at the end of one deleted region, consistent with multiple alternative chromosomal junctions detected previously. The free 5' ends generated at the breaks are phosphorylated. A purine residue always occurs at the free 3' ends, with an adenosine appearing in 11 of 12 cases. Patterns found in the detected break sites suggest rules that define the ends of the deleted segments within a transposon-like deletion mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Abstract
Thousands of DNA deletion events occur during macronuclear development in the ciliate Tetrahymena thermophila. In two deleted genomic regions, designated M and R, the eliminated sequences form circles that can be detected by PCR. However, the circles are not normal products of the reaction pathway. The circular forms occur at very low levels in conjugating cells, but are stable. Sequencing analysis showed that many of the circles (as many as 50% of those examined) reflected a precise deletion in the M and R regions. The remaining circles were either smaller or larger and contained varying lengths of sequences derived from the chromosomal DNA surrounding the eliminated region. The chromosomal junctions left behind after deletion were more precise, although deletions in either the M or R regions can generate any of several alternative junctions (1). Some new chromosomal junctions were detected in the present study. The results suggest that the deleted segment is released as a linear DNA species that is degraded rapidly. The species is only rarely converted to the stable circles we detect. The deletion mechanism is different from those proposed for deletion events in hypotrichous ciliates (2-4), and does not reflect a conservative site-specific recombination process such as that promoted by the bacteriophage lambda integrase (5).
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Beloussov LV, Saveliev SV, Naumidi II, Novoselov VV. Mechanical stresses in embryonic tissues: patterns, morphogenetic role, and involvement in regulatory feedback. Int Rev Cytol 1994; 150:1-34. [PMID: 8169076 DOI: 10.1016/s0074-7696(08)61535-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- L V Beloussov
- Department of Embryology, Faculty of Biology, Moscow State University, Russia
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Evaluation of the immediate and long-term efficacy of a novel method of transvenous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus was the purpose of this study. BACKGROUND In 1981 at the First Moscow Hospital, a new method of transvenous patent ductus arteriosus closure with the Botallooccluder was developed. METHODS Transvenous closure of the patent ductus arteriosus with the Botallooccluder was carried out in 273 patients. All patients were regularly followed up as outpatients at intervals of 3, 6 and 12 months after intervention. A total of 171 patients were examined at a mean of 3.2 +/- 1.1 years (range 1 to 8) after the procedure. Late evaluation with cardiac catheterization was performed in 62 patients (36%); 50 (29%) of these 62 also underwent right heart catheterization. RESULTS Successful implantation was achieved in 266 patients (97%). The late follow-up findings testify to the favorable clinical course, with disappearance of the continuous murmur and regression of the electrocardiographic signs of ventricular overloading in the vast majority of patients. In no case after complete patent ductus arteriosus closure was a late ductus recanalization observed. No patient had even a minor degree of postprocedural lower extremity venous damage. In 29 patients (24%), the femoral artery was imaged by ultrasonography at late follow-up, without evidence of any vascular abnormality. CONCLUSIONS The clinical data suggest high long-term efficacy and reliability of this technique. Introducer sheaths (12F to 16F outer diameter) did not cause any long-term entry site sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- V E Verin
- Center of Interventional Radiology, Second Moscow Medical Institute, Russia
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Saveliev SV, Kopylov AM, Kirjanov GI. 'Phase variation'-type regulation of gene expression and gene replacement mediated by FLP recombinase in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 1993; 24:26-31. [PMID: 8395355 DOI: 10.1007/bf00324661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Expression of a neomycin phosphotransferase II (NPTII) gene has been designed to be regulated by an FLP-mediated switching of the orientation of the NPTII coding region located on the invertible DNA segment in episomal yeast plasmids. Inversion of the segment from inverted to direct orientation with respect to the promoter resulted in a dramatic increase in G418 resistance. FLP also promoted a double reciprocal exchange between the transforming and the resident 2-microns plasmid, leading to insertion of the FLP and REP2 genes into the transforming plasmid. The results demonstrate a possible use of FLP recombinase for 'phase variation'-type regulation of gene expression and gene replacement in eukaryotic cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S V Saveliev
- A.N. Belozersky Institute of Physical-Chemical Biology, Moscow State University, Russia
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Abstract
Transvenous closure is described of the patent ductus arteriosus with a conical device that consists of polyurethane foam mounted on a stainless steel frame. Since 1981, the procedure has been performed in 273 patients in Russia. Permanent complete ductus closure was achieved in 258 (95%) patients. In eight cases (3%), the occlusion was incomplete. Complications occurred in 10 patients (4%), seven of whom required emergency surgery. The new technique combines certain advantages of both alternative methods. The conical shape of the occlusion device is well suited for the anatomic structure of the ductus. The possibility of selecting the size of the device permits reduction in the rate of incomplete closure while still taking advantage of transvenous delivery to avoid entry-site problems. In the initial 10 years of experience, the described technique proved effective, safe, and applicable in the vast majority of patients older than 2 years.
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