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Applegate KE, Rühm W, Wojcik A, Bourguignon M, Brenner A, Hamasaki K, Imai T, Imaizumi M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Kamada T, Nishimura N, Okonogi N, Ozasa K, Rübe CE, Sadakane A, Sakata R, Shimada Y, Yoshida K, Bouffler S. Individual response of humans to ionising radiation: governing factors and importance for radiological protection. Radiat Environ Biophys 2020; 59:185-209. [PMID: 32146555 DOI: 10.1007/s00411-020-00837-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Tissue reactions and stochastic effects after exposure to ionising radiation are variable between individuals but the factors and mechanisms governing individual responses are not well understood. Individual responses can be measured at different levels of biological organization and using different endpoints following varying doses of radiation, including: cancers, non-cancer diseases and mortality in the whole organism; normal tissue reactions after exposures; and, cellular endpoints such as chromosomal damage and molecular alterations. There is no doubt that many factors influence the responses of people to radiation to different degrees. In addition to the obvious general factors of radiation quality, dose, dose rate and the tissue (sub)volume irradiated, recognized and potential determining factors include age, sex, life style (e.g., smoking, diet, possibly body mass index), environmental factors, genetics and epigenetics, stochastic distribution of cellular events, and systemic comorbidities such as diabetes or viral infections. Genetic factors are commonly thought to be a substantial contributor to individual response to radiation. Apart from a small number of rare monogenic diseases such as ataxia telangiectasia, the inheritance of an abnormally responsive phenotype among a population of healthy individuals does not follow a classical Mendelian inheritance pattern. Rather it is considered to be a multi-factorial, complex trait.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - W Rühm
- Helmholtz Center Munich, German Research Center for Environmental Health, Institute of Radiation Medicine, Neuherberg, Germany
| | - A Wojcik
- Centre for Radiation Protection Research, MBW Department, Stockholm University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - M Bourguignon
- Department of Biophysics and Nuclear Medicine, University of Paris Saclay (UVSQ), Verseilles, France
| | - A Brenner
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - K Hamasaki
- Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - T Imai
- National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Sciences and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - M Imaizumi
- Department of Nagasaki Clinical Studies, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - T Imaoka
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Kakinuma
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - T Kamada
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Nishimura
- Department of Radiation Effects Research, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - N Okonogi
- QST Hospital, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
| | - K Ozasa
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - C E Rübe
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Saarland University Medical Center, Homburg/Saar, Germany
| | - A Sadakane
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - R Sakata
- Department of Epidemiology, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Y Shimada
- National Institute for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Chiba, Japan
- Institute for Environmental Sciences, Aomori, Japan
| | - K Yoshida
- Immunology Laboratory, Department of Molecular Biosciences, Radiation Effects Research Foundation, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - S Bouffler
- Radiation Effects Department, Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilto, Didcot, UK
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Spina C, Tsuruoka C, Mao W, Sunaoshi M, Chaimowitz M, Shang Y, Kakinuma S, Drake C. The Immunomodulatory Effects of Carbon-Ion Therapy on Solid Tumors. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2019.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Nishimura M, Imaoka T, Daino K, Takabatake M, Kokubo T, Nishimura Y, Kakinuma S, Shimada Y. PO-118 Impact of parity on neutron-induced mammary cancer risk in sprague-dawley rats. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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4
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Amasaki Y, Morioka T, Shang Y, Tsuruoka C, Nishimura M, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. PO-117 Increased risk of in utero x-ray exposure to mice treated with n-ethyl-n-nitrosourea postnatally. ESMO Open 2018. [DOI: 10.1136/esmoopen-2018-eacr25.642] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Imaoka T, Daino K, Yamada Y, Ariyoshi K, Tsuruoka C, Kakinuma S. 578: Critical age windows of radiation exposure for cancer risk in experimental animal models. Eur J Cancer 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(14)50513-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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6
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Amasaki Y, Hirano S, Shang Y, Sawai T, Nishimura M, Shimada Y, Kakinuma S. 726 Molecular Interaction of X-rays and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea in Thymic Lymphomagenesis Depends on the Interval of Two Treatments. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71367-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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7
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Nishimura M, Daino K, Takabatake T, Fukuda M, Tanaka I, Takabatake M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Shimada Y. 725 Genome-wide Changes of Radiation-induced Mammary Carcinoma of (Sprague-Dawley & Copenhagen) F1 Hybrid Rats Overlapping With Those of Human Breast Cancers. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)71366-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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8
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Takeyoshi I, Makita F, Iwazaki S, Ishikawa H, Kakinuma S, Sato Y, Ohya T, Nakagami K, Tomizawa N, Izumi M, Kobayashi I, Tanahashi Y, Kobayashi J, Kamoshita N, Kawate S, Sunose Y, Sakamoto I, Yoshinari D, Yamada T, Okabe T. Weekly paclitaxel in combination with doxifluridine for peritoneally disseminated gastric cancer with malignant ascites. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:4625-4630. [PMID: 22199340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The efficacy of systemic chemotherapy for peritoneal dissemination of gastric cancer remains unclear. The efficacy of weekly paclitaxel in combination with doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) in gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites was evaluated. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed gastric cancer with ascites were eligible. The treatment consisted of paclitaxel intravenously (i.v.) administered at 80 mg/m(2) on days 1, 8 and 15 every 4 weeks, and doxifluridine administered orally at 533 mg/m(2) on days 1-5 every week. The response rate for patients with ascites was determined based on the Japanese Classification of Gastric Carcinoma. Also, the concentration of paclitaxel in the ascites was measured. RESULTS Twenty-four patients were investigated. The response rate (RR) was 41.7%, including complete remission (CR) and partial remission (PR) in 4 and 6 patients, respectively. The concentration of paclitaxel in the ascites was maintained between 0.01 μM and 0.05 μM until 72 hours. The median overall survival (OS) was 215 days, and 1-year survival rate was 29.2%. No severe toxicity was noted. CONCLUSION Weekly paclitaxel in combination with doxifluridine is effective for gastric cancer patients with malignant ascites with an acceptable toxicity profile.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Takeyoshi
- Department of Thoracic and Visceral Organ Surgery, Gunma University, Faculty of Medicine, 3-39-15 Showa-machi, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Amasaki Y, Shang Y, Yamauchi K, Sawai T, Hirano S, Imaoka T, Yamada Y, Takabatake T, Kakinuma S. Interaction of low dose radiation and other factors. Health Phys 2011; 100:278-279. [PMID: 21595068 DOI: 10.1097/hp.0b013e3182080e07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
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10
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Takeyoshi I, Makita F, Tanahashi Y, Iwazaki S, Ogawa T, Tomizawa N, Nakamura S, Ishikawa H, Ohya T, Kakinuma S, Nakagami K, Sato Y, Koyano T, Roppongi T, Izumi M, Kobayashi J, Kawate S, Sunose Y, Kobayashi M, Yamada T, Sakamoto I. A phase II study of weekly paclitaxel and doxifluridine combination chemotherapy for advanced/recurrent gastric cancer. Anticancer Res 2011; 31:287-291. [PMID: 21273612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paclitaxel and doxifluridine (5'-DFUR) have distinct mechanisms of action and toxicity profiles. This study evaluated the antitumor activity and toxicities of combination chemotherapy with these drugs in patients with advanced/recurrent gastric cancer (AGC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with histologically confirmed AGC, which was either unresectable or metastatic, were included in this study. The treatment consisted of 80 mg/m² paclitaxel given i.v. on days 1, 8, and 15 every 4 weeks, and 533 mg/m² doxifluridine given orally on days 1-5 every week. RESULTS One hundred and four patients were evaluated for toxicity and 93 patients were evaluated for a therapeutic response. The overall response rate was 33.3% (1st line: 41.7%, 2nd line: 25.0%), including a complete remission in two patients, a partial remission in 29, stable disease in 39, progressive disease in 17; the response was not evaluable in six patients. The median overall survival was 287 days. Commonly observed grade 3/4 adverse events were leukopenia (13.5%), anorexia (3.8%), fatigue (3.8%) and diarrhea (2.9%). CONCLUSION Paclitaxel and doxifluridine combination chemotherapy is a well-tolerated and convenient treatment regimen that can be given on an outpatient basis with promising efficacy for AGC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Izumi Takeyoshi
- Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University, Faculty of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma 371-8511, Japan.
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11
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Schaller KL, Leichtling BH, Majerfeld IH, Woffendin C, Spitz E, Kakinuma S, Rickenberg HV. Differential cellular distribution of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during development of Dictyostelium discoideum. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:2127-31. [PMID: 16593449 PMCID: PMC345450 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.7.2127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
It was shown previously by us that cAMP-dependent protein kinase activity in the cellular slime mold Dictyostelium discoideum increased during the early stages of development. Results from other laboratories showed that during the subsequent stage of cell differentiation and positioning, the accumulation of a number of prespore mRNAs and proteins (but not prestalk mRNAs and proteins) was dependent upon cAMP. The present communication describes the cellular distribution of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase at that stage of development. Pseudoplasmodia were disrupted, and prespore cells were separated from prestalk cells by sedimentation through a Percoll gradient. Prespore cells had approximately 4-5 times as much of both the catalytic and regulatory subunits of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase as did the prestalk cells. That the increase of cAMP-dependent protein kinase during development reflected de novo synthesis of the enzyme in both prespore and prestalk cells was demonstrated on the basis of [(3)H]leucine incorporation into the regulatory subunit. The findings are consistent with a role of the cAMP-dependent protein kinase in mediating the effects of cAMP on the synthesis of prespore-specific mRNAs and proteins at the stage at which cAMP appears to be required for the cell type-specific syntheses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K L Schaller
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, National Jewish Hospital and Research Center, Denver, CO 80206
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Yamada Y, Nakata A, Inoue M, Seo H, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Oghiso Y, Shimada Y. 521 Enhanced pulmonary tumourigenesis by N-nitrosobis (2-hydroxypropyl) amine after thoracic irradiation with X-rays in new born, juvenile and adult Wistar rats. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71322-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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13
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Kakinuma S, Takimoto M, Hirano S, Nakata A, Kodama Y, Amasaki S, Shang Y, Yoshida M, Nishimura M, Shimada Y. 663 Age dependence of T-cell lymphoma induction by radiation exposure in Mlh1-deficient mice. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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14
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Imaoka T, Kakinuma S, Yasukawa-Barnes J, Gould M, Clifton K. 515 Number of stem-like cells and the genetic susceptibility to mammary carcinogenesis in rats. EJC Suppl 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(10)71316-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
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15
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Miyoshi-Imamura T, Kakinuma S, Kaminishi M, Okamoto M, Takabatake T, Nishimura Y, Imaoka T, Nishimura M, Murakami-Murofushi K, Shimada Y. Unique Characteristics of Radiation-Induced Apoptosis in the Postnatally Developing Small Intestine and Colon of Mice. Radiat Res 2009; 173:310-8. [DOI: 10.1667/rr1905.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Miyoshi-Imamura
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - S. Kakinuma
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M. Kaminishi
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M. Okamoto
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - T. Takabatake
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - Y. Nishimura
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - T. Imaoka
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - M. Nishimura
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
| | - K. Murakami-Murofushi
- Genetic Counseling Program, Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Ochanomizu University, 2-1-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 112-8610, Japan
| | - Y. Shimada
- Experimental Radiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, 4-9-1 Anagawa, Inage-ku, Chiba, 263-8555, Japan
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Kakinuma S, Asahina K, Okamura K, Teramoto K, Tateno C, Yoshizato K, Tanaka Y, Yasumizu T, Sakamoto N, Watanabe M, Teraoka H. Human Cord Blood Cells Transplanted Into Chronically Damaged Liver Exhibit Similar Characteristics to Functional Hepatocytes. Transplant Proc 2007; 39:240-3. [PMID: 17275513 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2006.10.211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2006] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Human umbilical cord blood (CB) cells have many advantages as a source for stem cell transplantation because of immaturity and availability. It has been reported that CB cells transplanted into an injured liver displayed hepatocyte-like phenotypes. However, there have been few studies to characterize CB-derived hepatocyte-like cells (HLCs). In this study, CB cells were transplanted into mice with 2 types of liver damage: transient and chronic damage. We analyzed the expression of hepatic differentiation markers in CB-derived HLCs. In the liver of NOD/SCID mice with transient damage, CB-derived HLCs were detected infrequently at 3 weeks after transplantation. In contrast, in the liver of SCID mice damaged chronically by a urokinase-type plasminogen activator transgene under the control of albumin promotor/enhancer (ALB-uPA/SCID mice), more human HLCs colonized the host liver compared with hosts with transiently damaged livers. The CB-derived HLCs in both the transiently and the chronically damaged liver expressed a few markers of human hepatocytes, whereas the transcripts related to mature hepatic functions, including cytochrome P450s, were detected only in the ALB-uPA/SCID mice. These data indicated that CB cells were able to display a similar phenotype to functional hepatocytes in the recipient liver with chronic damage. CB cells may represent a transplantable source for chronic decompensated liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
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Kakinuma S, Kodama Y, Amasaki Y, Yi S, Tokairin Y, Arai M, Nishimura M, Monobe M, Kojima S, Shimada Y. Ikaros is a mutational target for lymphomagenesis in Mlh1-deficient mice. Oncogene 2006; 26:2945-9. [PMID: 17086208 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Deficiencies in DNA mismatch repair (MMR) result in replication errors within key tumor suppressor genes or oncogenes, and cause hereditary nonpolyposis colorectal cancer (HNPCC). Hematological malignancy with microsatellite instability is also associated with defective MMR, but little is known about the target genes for MMR. Here we identified Ikaros, a master transcription factor of lymphoid lineage commitment and differentiation, as a mutational target in spontaneous and radiation-induced T-cell lymphomas in Mlh1-deficient mice. Three quarters of lymphomas lacked Ikaros protein expression, which resulted from a frameshift mutation that created a stop codon. Mononucleotide repeat sequences at 1029-1034(C)6 and 1567-1572(G)6 in Ikaros were mutational hot spots with a one-base deletion occurring with a frequency of 45 and 50%, respectively. Point mutations and splicing alterations were also observed. In total, 85% of the lymphomas showed aberrations in Ikaros. The characteristic of Mlh1-deficient lymphomas is harboring of multiple mutations simultaneously in the same tumor, displaying a combination of two frameshift mutations at different repeats, frameshift and point mutations, and/or deletion mutations. This is the first report of Ikaros mutations coupled with Mlh1 deficiency in lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Experimental Radiobiology for Children's Health Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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18
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Itsui Y, Sakamoto N, Kurosaki M, Kanazawa N, Tanabe Y, Koyama T, Takeda Y, Nakagawa M, Kakinuma S, Sekine Y, Maekawa S, Enomoto N, Watanabe M. Expressional screening of interferon-stimulated genes for antiviral activity against hepatitis C virus replication. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13:690-700. [PMID: 16970601 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00732.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Type-I interferons (IFNs) and the interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs) play a major role in antivirus responses against hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection. In this study, we studied expression profiles of ISGs in cells supporting subgenomic HCV replication (Huh7/Rep), and screened their activities to suppress HCV replication. Real-time PCR analyses showed that the expression levels of 23 ISGs were significantly lower in Huh7/Rep than naive Huh7 cells due to transcriptional suppression of the interferon-stimulated response element (ISRE). Furthermore, the expression level of ISGs was also decreased in the cured Huh7 cells in which replicon had been eliminated (cHuh7), indicating adaptation of the cells to support HCV replication by downregulating ISGs. On the other hand, expression of HCV replicon was significantly suppressed by overexpression of several ISGs including PKR, MxA, IRF-9, GBP-1, IFI-6-16, IFI-27, 25OAS and IRF-1. Knock down of GBP-1, IFI-6-16 and IFI-27 by short hairpin RNA resulted in increase of HCV replication. Thus, we conclude that downregulation of ISG expression is required in the host cells supporting HCV replication and that several ISGs directly suppress HCV replication. The search for ISGs that regulate HCV replication may help to elucidate the cellular antiviral defence mechanisms against HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Itsui
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Kohashi T, Maekawa S, Sakamoto N, Kurosaki M, Watanabe H, Tanabe Y, Chen CH, Kanazawa N, Nakagawa M, Kakinuma S, Yamashiro T, Itsui Y, Koyama T, Enomoto N, Watanabe M. Site-specific mutation of the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) modulates hepatitis C virus replication. J Viral Hepat 2006; 13:582-90. [PMID: 16907844 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2893.2006.00739.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The number of amino acid substitutions in the interferon sensitivity-determining region (ISDR) in the nonstructural 5A (NS5A) gene of hepatitis C virus (HCV) is closely associated with the interferon (IFN) response and viral load. Several HCV replicon-based studies have reported that ISDR sequences had an influence on viral replication in vitro. However, it is unclear as to how different ISDR sequences affect HCV replication. Various clinically observed ISDR sequences were introduced into HCV replicons and their contribution to viral replication was investigated using a colony formation assay and/or a transient replication assay. A mapping study of the ISDR was performed to identify the amino acid positions that critically affect replication. While no colonies were formed in the colony formation assay using HCV replicons with few mutations (0, 1 and 3) in the ISDR, numerous colonies (>200) appeared when using constructs with six mutations. Introduction of various distinct ISDR sequences with multiple mutations resulted in replication enhancement in transient assays. A mapping study identified several specific sites in the ISDR that critically affected replication, including codon 2209 which, in patients, was closely associated with a strong response to IFN. ISDR sequences associated with a clinical IFN response and viral load modulated the replication of HCV replicons, suggesting the importance of the ISDR sequence in HCV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kohashi
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Yushima, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan
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Ohwada S, Ikeya T, Yokomori T, Kusaba T, Roppongi T, Takahashi T, Nakamura S, Kakinuma S, Iwazaki S, Ishikawa H, Kawate S, Nakajima T, Morishita Y. Adjuvant immunochemotherapy with oral Tegafur/Uracil plus PSK in patients with stage II or III colorectal cancer: a randomised controlled study. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1003-10. [PMID: 14997197 PMCID: PMC2409633 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intravenous fluorouracil and leucovorin is the standard adjuvant treatment for stage III colon cancer. However, oral adjuvant chemotherapy is attractive because it has low toxicity and greater convenience. We investigated the benefits of oral protein-bound polysaccharide K (PSK) with tegafur/uracil (UFT) as an adjuvant in stage II and III colorectal cancer. Patients were assigned to groups that received either 3 g PSK plus 300 mg UFT, or 300 mg UFT alone orally each day for a 2-year period following intravenous mitomycin C. Of 207 registered patients, 205 with stage II (n=123) or III (n=82) were analysed. The 5-year disease-free survival was 73.0% (95% CI 65.6-80.4%) with PSK (n=137) and 58.8% (95% CI 47.1-70.5%) in the controls (n=68) (P=0.016). Polysaccharide K reduced the recurrence by 43.6% (95% CI 4.5-66.7%) and mortality by 40.2% (95% CI -12.5 to 68.3%). The 5-year survival was 81.8% (95% CI 75.3-88.2%) in the PSK group and 72.1% (95% CI 61.4-82.7%) in the control group (P=0.056). In stage III patients, disease-free and overall survivals in patients receiving PSK were increased significantly: 60.0% (95% CI 47.1-72.9%) and 74.6% (95% CI 63.0-86.1%) in the PSK group as compared with 32.1% (95% CI 14.8-49.4%) and 46.4% (95% CI 28.0-64.9%) in the controls (P=0.002 and 0.003, respectively). Polysaccharide K prevented recurrence, particularly lung metastases (P=0.02; odds ratio 0.27; 95% CI 0.09-0.77). In the models, the presence of regional metastases (relative risk, 2.973; 95% CI 1.712-5.165; P<0.001), omission of PSK (relative risk, 2.106; 95% CI 1.221-3.633; P=0.007), and higher primary tumour (relative risk, 4.398; 95% CI 1.017-19.014; P=0.047) were each significant indicators of recurrence. Adverse effects were mild and compliance was good. Oral PSK with UFT reduced recurrence in stage II and III colorectal cancer, and increased survival in stage III.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ohwada
- Department of Surgery, Gunma University, Graduate School of Medicine, Gunma Oncology Study Group (GOSG), 3-39-15 Showa-Machi, Maebashi 371-8511, Gunma, Japan.
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Ogiu T, Fujimoto H, Kubo A, Nagai J, Kobayash K, Tano K, Yoshinaga S, Bhakat KK. Genetic susceptibility to thymic lymphomas and K-ras gene mutation in mice after exposure to X-rays and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea. Int J Radiat Biol 2003; 79:423-30. [PMID: 12963544 DOI: 10.1080/0955300031000139371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Ras activation is one of the major mechanisms for the development of murine thymic lymphomas by radiation and chemical carcinogens. To gain insight into the relationship between genetic susceptibility and ras gene mutation, the frequency and spectrum of ras gene mutation was examined in thymic lymphomas from susceptible and resistant mice. MATERIALS AND METHODS K- and N-ras mutations in thymic lymphomas that arose in X-ray-irradiated and N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-treated mice of susceptible C57BL/6, rather resistant C3H and their hybrid B6C3F1 were analysed by polymerase chain reaction-single-strand conformation polymorphism and subsequent DNA sequencing. RESULTS C57BL/6 exhibited a higher incidence of thymic lymphomas after exposure to X-rays and ENU than C3H, with B6C3F1 being intermediate. K-ras gene mutations occurred frequently in the pathogenesis of ENU-induced thymic lymphomas in susceptible C57BL/6 as opposed to resistant C3H. The ras mutations were more frequent in ENU-induced thymic lymphomas than X-ray-induced thymic lymphomas, and with the latter, there was no clear evidence for strain differences, suggesting that the genetic susceptibility to X-rays was independent of ras activation. The mutations of K-ras in thymic lymphomas from C57BL/6 were predominantly GGT to GAT in codon 12, whereas this mutation type was never found in those from C3H. No strain difference was observed in the nucleotide sequence or expression levels of O(6)-alkylguanine alkyltransferase, indicating that this enzyme did not account for the genetic susceptibility to ras activation. CONCLUSIONS The results indicate that there is a clear strain and carcinogen dependency of K-ras mutation and that the frequency of ras mutation might determine the genetic susceptibility to ENU-induced lymphomagenesis, whereas pathways independent of ras activation might determine the susceptibility to X-ray-induced lymphomagenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimada
- Low Dose Radiation Effect Project, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan.
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Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Wakana S, Mukaigawara A, Mita K, Sado T, Ogiu T, Shimada Y. Reduced sensitivity to and ras mutation spectrum of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea-induced thymic lymphomas in adult C.B-17 scid mice. Mutat Res 2001; 486:275-83. [PMID: 11516930 DOI: 10.1016/s0921-8777(01)00098-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Scid mice are defective in the ability to repair DNA double strand breaks and, as a consequence, their cells are radiosensitive. Further, they have been shown to be prone to develop thymic lymphomas (TLs) after small doses of ionizing radiation. Little is known, however, on the role of scid mutation in chemical carcinogenesis. To determine if scid mutation increased predisposition to chemical carcinogenesis, we examined both the susceptibility of scid mice to N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced lymphomagenesis and the involvement of ras gene activation. Adult female mice at 8 weeks of age were given ENU in their drinking water at 400 ppm for 2-10 weeks. Contrary to expectations, we observed a two to three-fold reduction in TL development in the scid mice. The highest incidence was achieved by ENU treatment for 8 weeks for scid and wild-type C.B-17 mice, of 42 and 85%, respectively (P<0.05). We investigated whether this was attributable to the usage of the ras mutation pathway. There was, however, no significant difference in the frequency and spectrum of K-ras mutation between the scid and wild-type C.B-17 mice. Most of the K-ras mutations were either GGT to GAT transition in codon 12 (11/23: 48%) or CAA to CCA transversion in codon 61 (8/23: 35%) that was independent of scid background. The incidence of N-ras mutation was very low. These results indicate that scid mice are less susceptible to ENU-induced lymphomagenesis and ras gene mutation frequently occurs in both scid and wild-type C.B-17 mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishimura
- Division of Low Dose Radiation and Experimental Carcinogenesis, Anagawa 4-9-1, Inage-ku, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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Abstract
We compared isokinetic muscle strength between initial and subsequent measurements in 10 patients who could repeat the same testing later among 23 previously described patients with Parkinson's disease. Patients were divided into two groups according to changes in clinical condition between the times of the first and the subsequent measurements. For patients who had improved, both extension and flexion on the more affected side showed significantly greater torque at 15 rpm in the later than the earlier measurement. For patients who had worsened, both extension and flexion on the more affected side showed significantly less torque at 5 and 15 rpm in the later than the earlier measurement. Although isokinetic muscle strength is likely to depend on movement velocity in the early stages of Parkinson's disease, it may be influenced by bradykinesia, as the disease progresses. Speed-force correlation seen in these patients may give clues to the understanding of the pathophysiology of bradykinesia.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nogaki
- Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Minami-Kogushi, 1-1-1, Ube, 755-8505, Japan.
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24
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Motoori S, Majima HJ, Ebara M, Kato H, Hirai F, Kakinuma S, Yamaguchi C, Ozawa T, Nagano T, Tsujii H, Saisho H. Overexpression of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase protects against radiation-induced cell death in the human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line HLE. Cancer Res 2001; 61:5382-8. [PMID: 11454680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/20/2023]
Abstract
We investigated the potential role of mitochondrial manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in protective activity against irradiation by analyzing cell viability by a colony formation assay and by detecting apoptosis in stably human Mn-SOD gene-transfected HLE, a hepatocellular carcinoma cell line. We found that overexpression of Mn-SOD reduced the levels of reactive oxygen species in the mitochondria and intracellular phospholipid peroxidation product (4-hydroxy-2-nonenal) and prevented cell death. The production of intracellular nitric oxide after irradiation was not changed by Mn-SOD overexpression. The results suggested that Mn-SOD might play an important role in protecting cells against radiation-induced cell death by controlling the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species and intracellular lipid peroxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Motoori
- Research Center of Charged Particle Therapy, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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25
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Nakagawa M, Tazawa J, Sakai Y, Kakinuma S, Miyasaka Y, Ohbayashi H, Yamane M, Ikeda S, Shibata T, Sato C. Acute gastric mucosal lesions associated with cytomegalovirus infection in an immunocompetent adult. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:842-3. [PMID: 11446901 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.2517.3.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
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26
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Tazawa J, Maeda M, Sakai Y, Yamane M, Ohbayashi H, Kakinuma S, Miyasaka Y, Nagayama K, Enomoto N, Sato C. Radiation therapy in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization for hepatocellular carcinoma with extensive portal vein involvement. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:660-5. [PMID: 11422619 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02496.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
AIM The aim of this study was to examine the effectiveness and toxicity of radiation therapy in combination with transcatheter arterial chemoembolization (TACE) for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) with extensive portal vein tumor thrombus (PVTT). METHODS The combined therapy was performed in 24 HCC patients with extensive PVTT. External radiation targeted for PVTT (50 Gy in 2 Gy fractions) was performed in combination with repetitive TACE for intralobar lesions using 30-60 mg epirubicin every 3 months, and associations of the following variables with the survival rate were evaluated: gender, age, viral etiology, Child's class, performance status, extrahepatic metastasis, size and number of HCC, and location of PVTT. RESULTS The local response confined to PVTT was complete response (CR) in four patients, partial response (PR) in eight patients, no change (NC) in eight patients, and progressive disease (PD) in four patients. By using the stepwise Cox's regression analysis, only Child's class was associated with the survival rate. The survival rates after 1 and 2 years were 73 and 21% in Child's A, 10 and 0% in Child B or C, and 61 and 21% in patients in whom the local response was CR or PR, and 19 and 9% in those in whom the local response was NC or PD, respectively. By using the multiple logistic regression analysis, Child's class was the only factor associated with the local response (P = 0.006). CONCLUSIONS The combined therapy is feasible and may be useful to reverse PVTT in patients with good hepatic function reserve.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tazawa
- Departments of Internal Medicine and; Radiology, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan.
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27
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Iitaka M, Kakinuma S, Fujimaki S, Oosuga I, Fujita T, Yamanaka K, Wada S, Katayama S. Induction of apoptosis and necrosis by zinc in human thyroid cancer cell lines. J Endocrinol 2001; 169:417-24. [PMID: 11312158 DOI: 10.1677/joe.0.1690417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Zinc at concentrations of 150, microM or higher induced necrosis as well as apoptosis in thyroid cancer cell lines. Necrosis was induced by zinc in a dose-dependent manner, whereas apoptosis did not increase at higher concentrations of zinc. The expression of the antiapoptotic protein phosphorylated Bad was markedly increased, whereas the expression of the proapoptotic proteins Bax and Bad decreased following Zn(2+) exposure. Zn(2+) induced rapid degradation of IkappaB, and an increase in the binding of nuclear transcription factor-kappaB (NF-kappaB). These observations indicate that antiapoptotic pathways were activated in thyroid cancer cells following exposure to Zn(2+). This may be a self-defence mechanism against apoptosis and may underlie the general resistance of thyroid cancer cells to apoptotic stimuli. Zinc may be a potential cytotoxic agent for the treatment of thyroid cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iitaka
- Department of Internal Medicine 4, Saitama Medical School, 38 Morohongo, Moroyama, Iruma-gun, Saitama 350-0495, Japan
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28
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Iitaka M, Kakinuma S, Yamanaka K, Fujimaki S, Oosuga I, Wada S, Katayama S. Induction of autoimmune hypothyroidism and subsequent hyperthyroidism by TSH receptor antibodies following subacute thyroiditis: a case report. Endocr J 2001; 48:139-42. [PMID: 11456259 DOI: 10.1507/endocrj.48.139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
A 45 year-old man had a typical episode of subacute thyroiditis with tender goiter, depressed radioiodine uptake (RAIU) and elevated erythrocyte sedimentation rate. The titer of TSH binding inhibitor immunoglobulin (TBII), which had been 8.6% at initial presentation, rose to 14.9% in 2 weeks. TBII consisted of high titers (94%) of TSH stimulation-blocking antibodies (TBAb) and negative thyroid stimulating antibodies (TSAb). About 2 months after the first visit, TBII titers had risen to 48.9% and were persistently elevated for 5 months with high TBAb activity. The patient developed hypothyroidism with a maximum serum TSH level of 54.5 microU/ml. TBII and TBAb titers then gradually decreased, and the patient spontaneously recovered from hypothyroidism. Eighteen months after the episode of subacute thyroiditis, he became hyperthyroid with elevated TSAb and negative TBAb values. Doppler ultrasonography showed increased blood flow in the thyroid, and RAIU at 24 h was 53%. He was treated with antithyroid drugs, and soon became euthyroid. This case indicates that subacute thyroiditis can induce thyroid autoimmunity, and that the character of TSH receptor antibodies (TSHRAb) in these patients can change thereby modifying their thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iitaka
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan
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29
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Takeuchi T, Ogiu T, Suzuki G, Nakata Y, Sasanuma S, Mita K, Sado T. Characteristic association between K-ras gene mutation with loss of heterozygosity in X-ray-induced thymic lymphomas of the B6C3F1 mouse. Int J Radiat Biol 2001; 77:465-73. [PMID: 11304438 DOI: 10.1080/09553000010022643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To elucidate the characteristics of radiation carcinogenesis, the spectra of K- and N-ras oncogene mutations, loss of heterozygosity (LOH) and their association in X-ray-induced thymic lymphomas (TL) were determined by comparing with those of N-ethyl-N-nitrosourea (ENU)-induced and spontaneously occurring TL. MATERIALS AND METHODS TL that arose in untreated, X-ray-irradiated and ENU-treated B6C3F1 mice were examined both for K- and N-ras mutations by PCR-SSCP and DNA sequencing and for LOH by PCR with polymorphic microsatellite markers. RESULTS (1) ras gene mutations were found in a proportion of TL from X-ray-exposed (approximately 20%) and ENU-treated (30-40%) mice while no ras gene mutations were found in spontaneous TL. N-ras mutations were rare. (2) The spectrum of ras gene mutations was diverse and seemed to differ little between X-ray-induced and ENU-induced TL, even though there was a higher frequency of ras mutations in ENU-induced TL that clustered to K-ras codon 12. (3) The X-ray-induced TL showing K-ras mutation were associated with LOH on chromosome 6, while those showing no K-ras mutation were associated with high frequency of LOH on chromosomes 4, 11 and 12. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate that, in the B6C3F1 mouse TL, X-ray-induced lymphomagenesis showed both the co-expression, yet low occurrence of allelic imbalance on chromosome 6 and K-ras mutation, and exclusive expression of frequent allelic imbalance on chromosomes 4, 11 and 12 and K-ras mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimada
- Low Dose Radiation Risk and Carcinogenesis Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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30
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Ohbayashi H, Tanaka Y, Ohoka S, Chinzei R, Kakinuma S, Goto M, Watanabe M, Marumo F, Sato C. TT virus is shown in the liver by in situ hybridization with a PCR-generated probe from the serum TTV-DNA. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2001; 16:424-8. [PMID: 11354281 DOI: 10.1046/j.1440-1746.2001.02460.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM It has been a conflicting issue whether TT virus (TTV), a newly isolated DNA virus from a patient with liver injury of unknown cause, is a causative agent of acute and/or chronic hepatitis. TT Virus DNA titers were shown to be 10-100-fold greater in liver tissue than in serum, whereas the majority of TTV-positive cases had no biochemical or histological evidence of significant liver damage. We therefore attempted in situ hybridization to investigate whether TTV is hepatotropic. METHODS Because of the marked divergence in TTV genome types, a template for TTV-DNA (coding region for N22 clone) was amplified and labeled with digoxigenin-dUTP by using hemi-nested PCR from the serum, then DNA probes were applied to the liver sections of the same case. After hybridization, the probes were visualized immunohistochemically. Besides TTV-DNA-negative cases, competitive inhibition experiments with unlabeled probes were performed to confirm the specificity. RESULTS There were no positive signals in the negative controls, and the intensity of positive signals was markedly diminished in the competitive inhibition experiments. No cross-hybridization with different genotype probes also confirms the specificity. Under the optimal conditions, the positive signals were located in the cytoplasm of the hepatocytes in eight of nine TTV-DNA-positive cases. The signals were not seen in non-parenchymal cells of the liver. CONCLUSION TT Virus is proved to be hepatotropic by in situ hybridization.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ohbayashi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Japan
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31
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Morimatsu M, Kakinuma S. [Posterior cortical atrophy]. Ryoikibetsu Shokogun Shirizu 2001:503-5. [PMID: 11057295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Morimatsu
- Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine
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32
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Kakinuma S, Nogaki H, Morimatsu M. [Comparison of complications in elderly and non-elderly patients with neurological diseases during admission to a rehabilitation hospital]. Nihon Ronen Igakkai Zasshi 2000; 37:995-8. [PMID: 11201191 DOI: 10.3143/geriatrics.37.995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Medical complications seen in admitted patients in a one-year period in a rehabilitation hospital were evaluated, and patients with neurological diseases were subdivided with age in order to determine trends of complications with occurred in the aged patients. Ninety-five of 117 patients (81.2%) suffered from complications, the most common were respiratory diseases, genitourinary diseases and psychoneurological diseases and events. Infectious diseases were very common throughout all ages. Significantly more cases and occasions of complications occurred in the aged patients (ages 65 or more, n = 59) than in the younger patients (aged under 65, n = 58), which suggests that complications tended to recur in the same patient in the aged group. Genitourinary diseases, especially urinary tract infection, was far more common in the aged group, predominating in women. Recurrences of stroke or poststroke epilepsy were more frequently seen in patients aged under 65. Traumas and fractures related to falls occurred more commonly in the aged group. Elderly patients were more susceptible to complications not directly related to the illness for which they were admitted. Complications occur quite commonly in aged patients admitted to our rehabilitation hospital, and careful attention should be paid to conditions unrelated to the illness causing admission, such as infectious diseases, especially for aged patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine
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Abstract
Isokinetic strength of knee extension and flexion was measured at two speeds of movement in 23 patients with Parkinson's disease, to clarify whether muscle weakness is inherent to the disease. To counteract normal variation among subjects, we selected patients with symptoms completely or largely confined to one side and compared sides for each patient. The affected side was weaker than the other in both slow and fast movements early in the disease. In more advanced disease, the difference between sides diminished at the slow speed but remained significant at the faster speed. These observations suggest that weakness is inherent to Parkinson's disease and influenced by movement speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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34
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Tazawa J, Sakai Y, Yamane M, Kakinuma S, Maeda M, Suzuki K, Miyasaka Y, Nagayama K, Kusano F, Sato C. Long-term observation after transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt in two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. J Clin Gastroenterol 2000; 31:262-7. [PMID: 11034013 DOI: 10.1097/00004836-200010000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Two patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) were treated with transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic stent-shunt (TIPS) and followed for 22 and 58 months thereafter. HCC was well controlled by transcatheter arterial chemoembolization. Hepatic failure or metastasis, especially in the lung, was not observed in the long-term observation. TIPS seems to be useful even in patients with HCC, provided HCC is controlled.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Tazawa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Tuchiura City, Japan.
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35
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Shimada Y, Nishimura M, Kakinuma S, Okumoto M, Shiroishi T, Clifton KH, Wakana S. Radiation-associated loss of heterozygosity at the Znfn1a1 (Ikaros) locus on chromosome 11 in murine thymic lymphomas. Radiat Res 2000; 154:293-300. [PMID: 10956435 DOI: 10.1667/0033-7587(2000)154[0293:raloha]2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Although information on the molecular pathways in radiation carcinogenesis is accumulating, the data are still relatively scanty. To find the tumor suppressor locus associated with radiation carcinogenesis, we determined the frequency and distribution of loss of heterozygosity (LOH) of X-ray-induced thymic lymphomas of B6C3F(1) mice using 58 microsatellite markers and compared the results with those for spontaneous lymphomas and N-ethylnitrosourea (ENU)-induced lymphomas. Based on the results, we describe a unique locus with frequent LOH in the centromeric region of chromosome 11 of X-ray-induced lymphomas. This locus has never been observed to be altered similarly in either ENU-induced or spontaneous lymphomas, suggesting radiation-specific molecular alteration. The LOH patterns of individual thymic lymphomas indicated that the common region of LOH was located within 1.6 cM between D11Mit62 and D11Mit204, a region syntenic to human chromosome 7p13. Linkage analysis revealed that the markers of the common LOH region were genetically linked to Ikaros (now known as Znfn1a1), a master gene of lymphopoiesis. Although the presence of radiation-associated LOH in other loci cannot be ruled out, these results suggest a novel molecular pathway in induction of thymic lymphomas by ionizing radiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Shimada
- Division of Low Dose Radiation and Experimental Carcinogenesis, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba 263-8555, Japan
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36
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Ishikawa H, Suzuki Y, Nakayama Y, Nakamoto S, Kusaba T, Kakinuma S, Sakata Y, Mitsuhashi N, Niibe H. Intraoperative radiotherapy and bypass surgery for unresectable pancreatic cancer. Hepatogastroenterology 2000; 47:1151-5. [PMID: 11020901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Conflicting results have been reported concerning the usefulness of radiotherapy for unresectable pancreatic cancer. We evaluated the clinical efficacy of intraoperative radiotherapy and/or external beam radiotherapy in combination with bypass surgery. METHODOLOGY Twenty-six patients with unresectable pancreatic cancer (16 in Stage II-III and 10 in Stage IV) were treated with intraoperative radiotherapy plus external beam radiotherapy (16 patients) or intraoperative radiotherapy alone (10 patients). The dose of intraoperative radiotherapy was either 25 or 30 Gy and the external beam radiotherapy dose was 31-60 Gy. The feasibility and clinical outcome were analyzed. RESULTS The median survival time for Stage II-III and Stage IV were 11.5 and 6.5 months, respectively. The difference between Stage II-III and Stage IV in survival patterns was statistically significant (P < 0.05). For Stage II-III patients, the survival curves between the groups of intraoperative radiotherapy plus external beam radiotherapy and intraoperative radiotherapy alone were not significantly different, and only performance status was a significant factor in the prognosis (P < 0.05). Gastrointestinal bleeding was noted in 8%, but did not occur in the patients treated with an external beam radiotherapy dose less than 50 Gy. Palliative radiation was successfully performed to relieve pain, jaundice and appetite-loss and to shorten the hospital stay. CONCLUSIONS The combination therapy with intraoperative radiotherapy and bypass surgery is considered to be tolerable and effective for unresectable pancreatic cancer, and also may improve the quality of life of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Ishikawa
- Department of Radiology, National Takasaki Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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37
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Suzuki G, Sawa H, Kobayashi Y, Nakata Y, Nakagawa KI, Uzawa A, Sakiyama H, Kakinuma S, Iwabuchi K, Nagashima K. Pertussis toxin-sensitive signal controls the trafficking of thymocytes across the corticomedullary junction in the thymus. J Immunol 1999; 162:5981-5. [PMID: 10229836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
We investigated a role of chemokines in thymocyte trafficking. Genes encoding stromal cell-derived factor-1 and its receptor CXCR4 were detected in the cortex by in situ hybridization. Early immigrant cells did not express CXCR4, whereas their descendant CD44+CD25+CD4-CD8- cells did. CXCR4 expression was down-modulated when CD4+CD8+ double-positive cells became CD4+CD8- or CD4-CD8+ single-positive (SP) cells. Positively selected CD69+CD3intermediate cells gained CCR4, of which ligand, thymus activation-regulated chemokine, was expressed in the medulla. At the next developmental stage, CD69-CD3high cells lost CCR4 but gained CCR7. These results suggest that thymocytes use different chemokines along with their development. Blockade of chemokine receptor-mediated signaling by pertussis toxin perturbed the normal distribution of SP cells and resulted in the accumulation of SP cells in the cortex. Thus, a pertussis toxin-sensitive event controls the trafficking of SP cells across the corticomedullary junction.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/isolation & purification
- Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/isolation & purification
- CD3 Complex/isolation & purification
- Chemokine CXCL12
- Chemokines, CXC/genetics
- Chemokines, CXC/isolation & purification
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte/drug effects
- Chimera
- In Situ Hybridization
- Lectins, C-Type
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Mice, Inbred C3H
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Pertussis Toxin
- RNA, Messenger/isolation & purification
- Receptors, CCR4
- Receptors, CCR7
- Receptors, CXCR4/genetics
- Receptors, CXCR4/isolation & purification
- Receptors, Chemokine/isolation & purification
- Signal Transduction
- Thymus Gland/cytology
- Thymus Gland/drug effects
- Thymus Gland/immunology
- Tissue Distribution
- Virulence Factors, Bordetella/pharmacology
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Affiliation(s)
- G Suzuki
- Divisions of Radiation, The Fifth Research Group, National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan.
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Abstract
We measured isokinetic muscle strength of knee extension and flexion in 18 patients with Parkinson's disease who showed marked laterality in symptom severity and compared strength between the sides in the same patient. In all patient groups, the maximum peak torque of the more affected side was significantly less than for the less affected side at 15 revolutions per minute (r.p.m.) and 30 r.p.m. with the difference between the sides being larger at 30 r.p.m. than at 15 r.p.m., while at 5 r.p.m. there were no significant differences between sides. In the Yahr stage I group, the maximum peak torque in both extension and flexion at each velocity showed no significant difference between the sides. In contrast, in the stage II and III groups the maximum peak torque at 5 r.p.m. showed no significant difference between the sides, while at 15 r.p.m. and 30 r.p.m. these values showed a tendency and a significant difference between the sides, respectively, with the more affected side being weaker. These results suggest that muscle weakness in patients with Parkinson's disease increases with performance velocity, especially as the disease progresses.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Nogaki
- Department of Neurology, Yamaguchi University School of Medicine, Ube, Japan
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39
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Nishimura M, Wakana S, Kakinuma S, Mita K, Ishii H, Kobayashi S, Ogiu T, Sado T, Shimada Y. Low frequency of Ras gene mutation in spontaneous and gamma-ray-induced thymic lymphomas of scid mice. Radiat Res 1999; 151:142-9. [PMID: 9952298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Scid mice, which have a defect in the capacity to repair DNA double-strand breaks, were highly prone to the induction of thymic lymphomas after exposure to ionizing radiation; approximately 70% of mice developed lymphomas within 1 year after exposure to 1-3 Gy, whereas approximately 20% of unirradiated control mice developed lymphomas. To gain information on the possible role of Ras activation in development of thymic lymphomas in scid mice, we have examined both the frequency and the spectrum of Kras and Nras mutations in spontaneous and radiation-induced lymphomas. Neither activated Kras nor Nras genes were detected in spontaneous lymphomas, while Kras mutations increased in a dose-dependent manner in radiation-induced lymphomas. However, Kras mutations were infrequent (6% in lymphomas in mice exposed to 1 Gy, 12.5% in those exposed to 2 Gy, 16.7% in those exposed to 3 Gy), and no mutations were detected in Nras genes, suggesting that Ras mutation was not significantly involved in the development of thymic lymphomas in scid mice. Analysis of the spectrum of Kras mutations demonstrated unique mutations in both codons 13 (GGC to GAC) and 61 (CAA to CTA) in addition to the commonly identified substitution of GAT for GGT in codon 12 of Kras.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nishimura
- The 5th Research Group (Experimental Carcinogenesis), National Institute of Radiological Sciences, Chiba, Japan
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40
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Kamiyoshihara M, Kakinuma S, Kusaba T, Kawashima O, Kasahara M, Koyama T, Yoshida T, Morishita Y. Occult Boerhaave's syndrome without vomiting prior to presentation. Report of a case. J Cardiovasc Surg (Torino) 1998; 39:863-5. [PMID: 9972917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
Boerhaave's syndrome (spontaneous esophageal perforation) is an uncommon clinical entity that frequently presents with an antecedent history of marked vomiting followed by chest or abdominal pain. We report a case of spontaneous rupture of the esophagus in 53-year-old male who was referred to our hospital with a chest discomfort. A chest radiogram revealed pleural effusion and pneumomediastinum. Nine hours after onset, the diagnosis of Boerhaave's syndrome become evident. She underwent operative repair and, after a prolonged stay, was discharged in relatively good condition 55 days after admission. The absence of vomiting prior to presentation is the distinguishing feature of this particular case. This is the seventh case in the English literature to our knowledge.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kamiyoshihara
- Department of Surgery, National Takasaki Hospital, Gunma, Japan
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41
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Iitaka M, Miura S, Yamanaka K, Kawasaki S, Kitahama S, Kawakami Y, Kakinuma S, Oosuga I, Wada S, Katayama S. Increased serum vascular endothelial growth factor levels and intrathyroidal vascular area in patients with Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 1998; 83:3908-12. [PMID: 9814467 DOI: 10.1210/jcem.83.11.5281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is one of the angiogenic factors. We examined both thyroid volume and intrathyroidal vascular area by color flow Doppler ultrasonography in patients with Graves' disease (GD), Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT), and subacute thyroiditis. The serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, TSH, TSH receptor antibodies, and VEGF were also examined. There was a significant increase in serum VEGF levels in patients with untreated GD and goitrous HT compared with those in healthy subjects. The serum VEGF levels in untreated patients with subacute thyroiditis were significantly higher than those in patients with untreated GD or HT. There was a significant correlation between serum VEGF levels and the ratio of intrathyroidal vascular area and thyroid area in untreated patients with GD who had a goiter larger than or equal to 40 cm3. There was also a significant correlation between serum VEGF and TSH levels in patients with HT who were hypothyroid and had a goiter. Serum VEGF levels decreased significantly in these patients after treatment; this was accompanied by a significant decrease in intrathyroidal vascular area and thyroid volume. Our study demonstrates that VEGF appears to play an important role in intrathyroidal angiogenesis in patients with GD and goitrous HT.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Iitaka
- Fourth Department of Internal Medicine, Saitama Medical School, Japan.
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42
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Suto K, Kakinuma S, Ito Y, Sagara K, Iwasaki H, Itokawa H. Determination of atractylon in Atractylodes rhizome using supercritical fluid chromatography on-line coupled with supercritical fluid extraction by the direct induction method. J Chromatogr A 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(98)00225-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
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43
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Suto K, Kakinuma S, Ito Y, Sagara K, Iwasaki H, Itokawa H. Determination of berberine and palmatine in Phellodendri Cortex using ion-pair supercritical fluid chromatography on-line coupled with ion-pair supercritical fluid extraction by on-column trapping. J Chromatogr A 1997. [DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(97)00590-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Takahashi T, Yagi T, Kakinuma S, Kurokawa A, Okada T, Takatsu K, Aizawa S, Katagiri T. Suppression of autoimmune disease and of massive lymphadenopathy in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice lacking tyrosine kinase Fyn (p59fyn). J Immunol 1997; 159:2532-41. [PMID: 9278347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice suffer from a generalized autoimmune disease that includes autoantibody production and glomerulonephritis and develop massive lymphadenopathy characterized by an expanded population of CD4- CD8- B220+ T cells that is derived from autoreactive T cells in the periphery. Some of us previously reported that these atypical T cells overexpressed a gene for tyrosine kinase p59fyn (Fyn). To define the role of Fyn in the renal disease and lymphadenopathy in MRL/lpr mice, we have generated Fyn-deficient MRL/lpr mice whose fyn gene is replaced by the gene for beta-galactosidase. Fyn-deficient MRL/lpr mice developed markedly limited disease and lived more than twice as long as the conventional MRL/lpr mice. In the mutant mice, the production of IgG3 anti-DNA autoantibody was significantly (p < 0.005%) reduced, and glomerular deposits of IgG3 and C3 were remarkably diminished. Ag receptor-mediated proliferative responses of Fyn-deficient splenic T cells were markedly impaired. The mutant mice showed delayed accumulation of the atypical CD4- CD8- B220+ T cells that exhibited a significantly lower activity of ZAP-70 compared with those in the conventional MRL/lpr mice. These data demonstrated that Fyn is involved as a positive regulator in the disease of MRL/lpr mice. Fyn provides a signal for both the expansion of autoreactive T cells and the production of IgG3 anti-DNA autoantibody by B cells. Thus, manipulation of Fyn may improve systemic autoimmune disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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45
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Takahashi T, Yagi T, Kakinuma S, Kurokawa A, Okada T, Takatsu K, Aizawa S, Katagiri T. Suppression of autoimmune disease and of massive lymphadenopathy in MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr mice lacking tyrosine kinase Fyn (p59fyn). The Journal of Immunology 1997. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.159.5.2532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MRL/Mp-lpr/lpr (MRL/lpr) mice suffer from a generalized autoimmune disease that includes autoantibody production and glomerulonephritis and develop massive lymphadenopathy characterized by an expanded population of CD4- CD8- B220+ T cells that is derived from autoreactive T cells in the periphery. Some of us previously reported that these atypical T cells overexpressed a gene for tyrosine kinase p59fyn (Fyn). To define the role of Fyn in the renal disease and lymphadenopathy in MRL/lpr mice, we have generated Fyn-deficient MRL/lpr mice whose fyn gene is replaced by the gene for beta-galactosidase. Fyn-deficient MRL/lpr mice developed markedly limited disease and lived more than twice as long as the conventional MRL/lpr mice. In the mutant mice, the production of IgG3 anti-DNA autoantibody was significantly (p < 0.005%) reduced, and glomerular deposits of IgG3 and C3 were remarkably diminished. Ag receptor-mediated proliferative responses of Fyn-deficient splenic T cells were markedly impaired. The mutant mice showed delayed accumulation of the atypical CD4- CD8- B220+ T cells that exhibited a significantly lower activity of ZAP-70 compared with those in the conventional MRL/lpr mice. These data demonstrated that Fyn is involved as a positive regulator in the disease of MRL/lpr mice. Fyn provides a signal for both the expansion of autoreactive T cells and the production of IgG3 anti-DNA autoantibody by B cells. Thus, manipulation of Fyn may improve systemic autoimmune disease in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Yagi
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Kakinuma
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - A Kurokawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Okada
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Takatsu
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Aizawa
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Katagiri
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Center for Basic Research, The Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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46
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Kakinuma S, Ohwada S. Gastric mucosal blood flow and gastric secretion following intravenous administration of 5-fluorouracil in anesthetized rats. Cancer Chemother Pharmacol 1997; 39:357-60. [PMID: 9025777 DOI: 10.1007/s002800050583] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Acute gastric mucosal lesions are often observed after the intravenous administration of high doses of anticancer drugs. To investigate the acute toxic effects of such anticancer therapy on the gastric mucosa, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) was administered intravenously to anesthetized rats. Gastric mucosal blood flow (GMBF) was measured continuously using laser Doppler velocimetry. Acid secretion was measured using a perfusion method for 1 h after the administration of 5-FU. No significant change was observed with a low dose of 5-FU (50 mg/kg), but a high doses of 5-FU (100 or 200 mg/kg) caused a significant decrease in GMBF in a dose-dependent manner. The selective antagonist of the muscarinic acetylcholine receptor, pirenzepine, prevented the decrease in GMBF with high doses of 5-FU. Acid secretion decreased after the administration of 5-FU, but not significantly. This study indicates that a decrease in GMBF may be an important factor in gastric mucosal injury induced by chemotherapy. Pirenzepine may prevent the gastric mucosal lesions which are induced by the administration of 5-FU.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Second Department of Surgery, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
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47
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Yasumoto K, Liu H, Jeong SM, Ohashi Y, Kakinuma S, Tanaka K, Kawamura F, Yoshikawa H, Takahashi H. Sequence analysis of a 50 kb region between spo0H and rrnH on the Bacillus subtilis chromosome. Microbiology (Reading) 1996; 142 ( Pt 11):3039-46. [PMID: 8969501 DOI: 10.1099/13500872-142-11-3039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The 49630 bp spo0H-rrnH region of the Bacillus subtilis genome has been fully sequenced. The sequence contains one partial and 62 complete ORFs, one partial and three complete rRNA genes and a cluster of six tRNA genes. The direction of the transcription and translation of 61 ORFs is the same as that of the movement of the replication fork. A homology search of 40 ORFs in newly determined sequence revealed that 27 of them had significant similarity to known proteins such as elongation factor G, elongation factor Tu, pseudouridine synthase I and ribsosomal proteins. Two adjacent genes, ybaD and ybaE, appeared to encode proteins belonging to the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) family.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasumoto
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Biosciences, University of Tokyo, Japan
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48
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Kakinuma S, Ikeda H, Takada Y, Tanaka H, Hopwood DA, Omura S. Production of the new antibiotic tetrahydrokalafungin by transformants of the kalafungin producer Streptomyces tanashiensis. J Antibiot (Tokyo) 1995; 48:484-7. [PMID: 7622434 DOI: 10.7164/antibiotics.48.484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The new antibiotic tetrahydrokalafungin was produced by the transformants of kalafungin producing S. tanashiensis and kalafungin-nonproducing mutants carrying the recombinant plasmid pKU523. This plasmid consists of pKU501 (J. Antibiotics 44: 995 approximately 1005, 1991) which contains the gene cluster for kalafungin biosynthesis, and additional 5 kb stability region of SCP2*.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kitasato University, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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49
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Kakinuma S, Motokawa K, Hohdatsu T, Yamamoto JK, Koyama H, Hashimoto H. Nucleotide sequence of feline immunodeficiency virus: classification of Japanese isolates into two subtypes which are distinct from non-Japanese subtypes. J Virol 1995; 69:3639-46. [PMID: 7745712 PMCID: PMC189079 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.69.6.3639-3646.1995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Seven isolates of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV), Shizuoka, Yokohama, Sendai-1, Sendai-2, Fukuoka, Aomori-1, and Aomori-2, were isolated from FIV-seropositive domestic cats in Japan, and their proviral DNAs were amplified by PCR. The nucleotide sequences of their env and gag genes were determined and compared with those of previously described isolates: U.S. and European isolates and one Japanese isolate, TM2. Phylogenetic analyses of complete env gene sequences demonstrate that worldwide isolates are classified into three subtypes: Japanese TM2, Japanese Shizuoka, and non-Japanese subtypes (U.S. and European isolates), with 20% amino acid distances from each other. This pattern indicates that an evolutionary radiation of these three subtypes of FIV occurred at approximately the same time. The sequence data of gag genes also confirmed these results. Furthermore, the Sendai-1 isolate was identified as an imported FIV isolate.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kakinuma
- Department of Virology, Kitasato Institute, Tokyo, Japan
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50
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Yasukawa K, Yu SY, Kakinuma S, Takido M. Inhibitory effect of rikkunshi-to, a traditional Chinese herbal prescription, on tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin. Biol Pharm Bull 1995; 18:730-3. [PMID: 7492991 DOI: 10.1248/bpb.18.730] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We report the inhibitory effect of topical application of extracts of a traditional Chinese herbal prescription on 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced inflammation in mice. Methanol and water extracts obtained from 22 traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions were assayed and their inhibition ratios calculated. In general, the methanol extracts produced more effective inhibition than the water extracts. Of the various traditional Chinese herbal prescriptions, the methanol extract of Rikkunshi-to was more effective than other prescriptions as far as inhibition of TPA-induced inflammation was concerned. Hoelen, Glycyrrhizae Radix, Atractylodis Rhizoma, components of Rikkunshi-to markedly inhibited the inflammatory activity involved by TPA in mice. Furthermore, topical application of the methanol extract of Rikkunshi-to markedly inhibited TPA-induced tumor promotion in two-stage carcinogenesis in mouse skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yasukawa
- College of Pharmacy, Nihon University, Chiba, Japan
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