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Ryjova Y, Gold AI, Timmons AC, Han SC, Chaspari T, Pettit C, Kim Y, Beale A, Kazmierski KFM, Margolin G. A day in the life: Couples' everyday communication and subsequent relationship outcomes. J Fam Psychol 2024; 38:453-465. [PMID: 38252084 PMCID: PMC10963157 DOI: 10.1037/fam0001180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Understanding how communication processes contribute to well-functioning versus distressed couple relationships has relied largely on brief, laboratory-based conversations. Harnessing technological advancements, the present study extends the literature by capturing couples' naturalistic communication over one full day at Time 1 (T1). This study tested associations between data-driven categories of couple communication behaviors and relationship outcomes (i.e., relationship aggression, satisfaction, and dissolution) at Time 2 (T2), approximately 1 year later. Emerging adults in different-gender dating couples (n = 106 couples; 212 individuals; Mage = 22.57 ± 2.44; M relationship length = 30.49 months ± 24.05; 72.2% non-White) were each provided a smartphone programmed to audio record approximately 50% of a typical day. Interactions between partners were transcribed and coded for location, activity, affect, and a range of positive and negative communication behaviors for each partner. Even after controlling for T1 assessments of the relevant outcome, one's own hostility and one's partner's hostility at T1 were each positively associated with T2 relationship aggression and negatively associated with T2 relationship satisfaction. One's own withdrawal at T1 was positively associated with T2 relationship aggression perpetration, whereas one's partner's withdrawal was negatively linked to relationship satisfaction at T2. One's own playfulness, unexpectedly, was linked to lower subsequent relationship satisfaction. Withdrawal increased the likelihood of relationship dissolution, whereas warmth and playfulness decreased the likelihood of dissolution. The relevance of couples' ordinary, everyday communication for meaningful relationship outcomes is discussed. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).
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Timmons AC, Han SC, Chaspari T, Kim Y, Narayanan S, Duong JB, Fiallo NS, Margolin G. Relationship satisfaction, feelings of closeness and annoyance, and linkage in electrodermal activity. Emotion 2023; 23:1815-1828. [PMID: 36649159 PMCID: PMC10349898 DOI: 10.1037/emo0001201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Physiological linkage refers to moment-to-moment, time-linked coordination in physiological responses among people in close relationships. Although people in romantic relationships have been shown to evidence linkage in their physiological responses over time, it is still unclear how patterns of covariation relate to in-the-moment, as well as general levels of, relationship functioning. In the present study with data collected between 2014 and 2017, we capture linkage in electrodermal activity (EDA) in a diverse sample of young-adult couples, generally representative and generalizable to the Los Angeles community from which we sampled. We test how naturally occurring, shifting feelings of closeness with and annoyance toward one's partner relate to concurrent changes in levels of physiological linkage over the course of 1 day. Additionally, we examine how linkage relates to overall relationship satisfaction. Results showed that couples evidenced significant covariation in their levels of physiological arousal in daily life. Further, physiological linkage increased during hours that participants felt close to their romantic partners but not during hours that participants felt annoyed with their partners. Finally, those participants with overall higher levels of relationship satisfaction showed lower levels of linkage over the day of data collection. These findings highlight how individuals respond in sync with their romantic partners and how this process ebbs and flows in conjunction with the shifting emotional tone of their relationships. The discussion focuses on how linkage might enhance closeness or, alternatively, contribute to conflict escalation and the potential of linkage processes to promote positive interpersonal relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).
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Anderson KE, Han SC, Kavlich SG, Brown S, Ho J, Everhart SA. Adaptation of family-based treatment within an inpatient medical stabilization program for children with eating disorders. Int J Eat Disord 2023; 56:1511-1519. [PMID: 37129459 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/22/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Eating disorders are serious psychiatric conditions predominantly affecting children, adolescents, and young adults. While family-based treatment (FBT) is the gold standard outpatient treatment approach for adolescents with restrictive eating disorders, there is not a universally recognized best practice within higher levels of care. There is a particular dearth of literature detailing recommended psychological and behavioral interventions in the inpatient medical setting. METHOD The present article provides an account of how FBT principles have been incorporated in Children's Hospital of Orange County at Mission's inpatient medical stabilization program for children and adolescents with restrictive eating disorders. Practical examples illustrate how key FBT tenets are successfully translated into the inpatient multidisciplinary setting. RESULTS The use of FBT can encourage a unified approach among medical and psychosocial providers and serves to destigmatize patients with eating disorders and associated behaviors. The successes and challenges of FBT implementation are discussed. DISCUSSION Though anecdotal evidence and preliminary findings support positive outcomes from the implementation of FBT within a pediatric medical stabilization program for patients, families, and staff, research is needed to understand best practices within higher levels of care. Additional research efforts will also help elucidate whether adapted FBT can become a standard of care for patients with restrictive eating disorders in inpatient settings. PUBLIC SIGNIFICANCE This article describes how a children's hospital has adopted family-based treatment (FBT) for youth who are hospitalized due to an eating disorder. FBT is the most efficacious treatment for youth with eating disorders. This article describes specific examples of how FBT can be implemented within a medical setting. This article will support a greater understanding of FBT principles and guide providers to translate FBT into higher level of care settings.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohyun C Han
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | - Sarah G Kavlich
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | - Shonda Brown
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Mission Viejo, California, USA
| | - Jennifer Ho
- Children's Hospital of Orange County, Mission Viejo, California, USA
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Margolin G, Daspe MÈ, Timmons AC, Corner GW, Pettit C, Rasmussen HF, Chaspari T, Han SC, Arbel R, Spies Shapiro L, Kazmierski KFM, Del Piero LB, Schacter HL. What happens when romantic couples discuss personal loss? Relational, emotional, and physiological impacts. J Fam Psychol 2022; 36:863-873. [PMID: 35298187 PMCID: PMC9710234 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Does talking about loss with a romantic partner have salutary personal and relationship effects? Prior evidence reveals the benefits of emotional disclosure in couple relationships, yet disclosure about loss has been overlooked in research on couple communication. Using a novel communication paradigm with young-adult heterosexual romantic partners (N = 114 couples), we investigated emotions, physiological arousal (skin conductance responses [SCR]), and relationship closeness when narrating a personal loss and listening to the partner's loss, and compared these loss discussions to discussions about desired relationship changes. Based on partners' self-reports, narrating loss elicited more vulnerable and, unexpectedly, more antagonistic emotions. Both narrating and listening to loss produced higher self-reported partner closeness, compared to discussing change. In support of the physiological benefits of disclosure, women's SCRs decreased over the discussion when they narrated their own loss. However, both women and men as listeners show a general trend of increasing SCRs over the discussion, suggesting the challenges of being a responsive partner. Moreover, in line with the putative protective effects of partners' biological interdependencies, partner closeness also was higher when both partners showed synchronous decreasing SCR as women narrated their loss. Although limited to young couples in relatively short relationships, these findings reveal some potential benefits of talking about loss in the context of romantic relationships. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2022 APA, all rights reserved).
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Affiliation(s)
- Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | | | | | | | - Corey Pettit
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia
| | | | | | - Sohyun C. Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California
| | - Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa
| | | | | | - Larissa B. Del Piero
- VA Puget Sound Health Care System; Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, University of Washington School of Medicine
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Schacter HL, Pettit C, Kim Y, Sichko S, Timmons AC, Chaspari T, Han SC, Margolin G. A Matter of the Heart: Daytime Relationship Functioning and Overnight Heart Rate in Young Dating Couples. Ann Behav Med 2021; 54:794-803. [PMID: 32282892 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although past longitudinal research demonstrates that romantic partners affect one another's health outcomes, considerably less is known about how romantic experiences "get under the skin" in everyday life. PURPOSE The current study investigated whether young couples' naturally occurring feelings of closeness to and annoyance with each other during waking hours were associated with their overnight cardiovascular activity. METHODS Participants were 63 heterosexual young adult dating couples (Mage = 23.07). Using ecological momentary assessments, couples reported their hourly feelings of closeness to and annoyance with their partners across 1 day; subsequent overnight heart rate was captured through wearable electrocardiogram biosensors. Actor-partner interdependence models tested whether individuals' overnight heart rate varied as a function of (a) their own daytime feelings of closeness and annoyance (actor effects) and (b) their partner's daytime feelings of closeness and annoyance (partner effects) while controlling for daytime heart rate. RESULTS Although young adults' feelings of romantic closeness and annoyance were unrelated to their own overnight heart rate (i.e., no actor effects), gender-specific partner effects emerged. Young men's nocturnal heart rate was uniquely predicted by their female partner's daytime relationship feelings. When women felt closer to their partners during the day, men exhibited lower overnight heart rate. When women felt more annoyed with their partners during the day, men exhibited heightened overnight heart rate. CONCLUSIONS The findings illustrate gender-specific links between couple functioning and physiological arousal in the everyday lives of young dating couples, implicating physiological sensitivity to partner experiences as one potential pathway through which relationships affect health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Corey Pettit
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Yehsong Kim
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Stassja Sichko
- Department of Psychology, University of California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Adela C Timmons
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Theodora Chaspari
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Sohyun C Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
Respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA), an index of the parasympathetic nervous system, has recently gained attention as a physiological component of regulatory processes, social connectedness, and health. Within the context of romantic relationships, studies have operationalized and conceptualized RSA in disparate ways, obscuring a clear pattern of findings. This systematic review synthesizes the rapidly developing literature and clarifies the role of RSA in romantic relationships. We evaluate support for three conceptual hypotheses: (1) resting baseline RSA is associated with better quality relationships; (2) phasic RSA is reflective of changes in threat and connection during couple interactions; and (3) physiological linkage in RSA between romantic partners relates to positive or negative relationship functioning depending on the nature of the linkage (e.g., in-phase vs. antiphase). We identified 26 empirical studies that tested associations between RSA and an index of romantic relationships (i.e., relationship satisfaction). Our findings show that higher RSA is not uniformly "good" for relationships. Higher resting baseline RSA was contemporaneously associated with better quality relationships, yet higher baseline RSA was also unexpectedly associated with relationship violence. Short-term decreases in RSA were found during relationship conflict, though the opposite-phasic increases in RSA during positive romantic partner interactions-was not found due to mixed empirical support. As expected, evidence for RSA linkage was found, though the connection between linkage and relationship functioning depends on the context in which it was measured. We discuss methodological limitations and directions for future research.
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Kim DK, Lim HS, Eun KM, Seo Y, Kim JK, Kim YS, Kim MK, Jin S, Han SC, Kim DW. Subepithelial neutrophil infiltration as a predictor of the surgical outcome of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps. Rhinology 2021; 59:173-180. [PMID: 33129200 DOI: 10.4193/rhin20.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophils present as major inflammatory cells in refractory chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps (CRSwNP), regardless of the endotype. However, their role in the pathophysiology of CRSwNP remains poorly understood. We investigated factors predicting the surgical outcomes of CRSwNP patients with focus on neutrophilic localization. METHODS We employed machine-learning methods such as the decision tree and random forest models to predict the surgical outcomes of CRSwNP. Immunofluorescence analysis was conducted to detect human neutrophil elastase (HNE), Bcl-2, and Ki-67 in NP tissues. We counted the immunofluorescence-positive cells and divided them into three groups based on the infiltrated area, namely, epithelial, subepithelial, and perivascular groups. RESULTS On machine learning, the decision tree algorithm demonstrated that the number of subepithelial HNE-positive cells, Lund-Mackay (LM) scores, and endotype (eosinophilic or non-eosinophilic) were the most important predictors of surgical outcomes in CRSwNP patients. Additionally, the random forest algorithm showed that, after ranking the mean decrease in the Gini index or the accuracy of each factor, the top three ranking factors associated with surgical outcomes were the LM score, age, and number of subepithelial HNE-positive cells. In terms of cellular proliferation, immunofluorescence analysis revealed that Ki-67/HNE-double positive and Bcl-2/HNE-double positive cells were significantly increased in the subepithelial area in refractory CRSwNP. CONCLUSION Our machine-learning approach and immunofluorescence analysis demonstrated that subepithelial neutrophils in NP tissues had a high expression of Ki-67 and could serve as a cellular biomarker for predicting surgical outcomes in CRSwNP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D-K Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital and Institute of New Frontier Research, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea; Division of Big Data and Artificial Intelligence, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H-S Lim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K M Eun
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y Seo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - J K Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - M-K Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Jin
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S C Han
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D W Kim
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Boramae Medical Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Han SC, Schacter HL, Timmons AC, Kim Y, Sichko S, Pettit C, Chaspari T, Narayanan S, Margolin G. Romantic partner presence and physiological responses in daily life: Attachment style as a moderator. Biol Psychol 2021; 161:108082. [PMID: 33753190 PMCID: PMC8113087 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsycho.2021.108082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated whether the presence of a romantic partner in daily life is associated with attenuated sympathetic nervous system responses. Additionally, romantic attachment style was tested as a moderator. For one day, 106 heterosexual young adult dating couples wore ambulatory sensors that monitored electrodermal activity (EDA) - an index of sympathetic arousal. Couples reported whether they were together or apart for every hour of the data collection day. Men and women exhibited lower EDA during hours in which their partner was present compared to hours in which they were absent. Additionally, romantic attachment style moderated this association; those who had low anxious attachment showed a stronger attenuating effect of partner presence compared to those with higher anxious attachment. Similarly, those who had low avoidant attachment showed heightened effects of partner presence compared to those with higher avoidant attachment. Romantic partner presence may facilitate everyday health-promoting physiological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun C. Han
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Hannah L. Schacter
- Wayne State University, Department of Psychology, 5057 Woodward Ave, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Adela C. Timmons
- Florida International University, Center for Children and Families, 11200 SW 8th St, Miami, FL 33199, USC
| | - Yehsong Kim
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Stassja Sichko
- University of California, Los Angeles, Department of Psychology, 1285 Franz Hall, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
| | - Corey Pettit
- University of Virginia, Department of Psychology, 485 McCormick Road, Charlottesville, VA 22903, USA
| | - Theodora Chaspari
- Texas A&M University, Computer Science and Engineering, 710 Ross St, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | - Shrikanth Narayanan
- University of Southern California, Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, 3740 McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- University of Southern California, Department of Psychology, 3620 S. McClintock Ave, Los Angeles, CA 90089, USA
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Timmons AC, Han SC, Kim Y, Pettit C, Perrone L, Power K, Vitale L, Margolin G. Fluctuations in pronoun use in everyday life: Understanding couple aggression in context. J Fam Psychol 2021; 35:149-159. [PMID: 33871276 PMCID: PMC8386250 DOI: 10.1037/fam0000699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Everyday language use, including the pronouns people choose when speaking to romantic partners, may reflect underlying aspects of relationship functioning and may have important implications for understanding couple conflict and dating aggression more generally. The current study measured couples' hour-to-hour "we," "I," and "you" speech in daily life and examined symmetry in pronoun use, or the extent to which partners mirror each other in the frequency of the pronouns they use. First, we examined associations between symmetry in pronoun use and overall levels of dating aggression. Second, we investigated whether aggressive couples evidence patterns of pronoun use distinct from nonaggressive couples when they become annoyed with each other. Multilevel models showed that symmetry in "we" speech and symmetry in "I" speech each were related to lower levels of dating aggression. In addition, symmetry in couples' "you" speech increased during hours of annoyance, but only among those couples reporting high levels of aggression in their relationships. These results demonstrate how everyday language use relates to couples' general tendencies toward aggression and how such patterns are linked to ongoing fluctuations in the emotional tone of the relationship. The discussion focuses on implications for intervention and the use of novel ambulatory assessment methods for capturing couple processes in real-life contexts. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
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Khaki M, Hendricks Franssen HJ, Han SC. Multi-mission satellite remote sensing data for improving land hydrological models via data assimilation. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18791. [PMID: 33139783 PMCID: PMC7608680 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75710-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Satellite remote sensing offers valuable tools to study Earth and hydrological processes and improve land surface models. This is essential to improve the quality of model predictions, which are affected by various factors such as erroneous input data, the uncertainty of model forcings, and parameter uncertainties. Abundant datasets from multi-mission satellite remote sensing during recent years have provided an opportunity to improve not only the model estimates but also model parameters through a parameter estimation process. This study utilises multiple datasets from satellite remote sensing including soil moisture from Soil Moisture and Ocean Salinity Mission and Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer Earth Observing System, terrestrial water storage from the Gravity Recovery And Climate Experiment, and leaf area index from Advanced Very-High-Resolution Radiometer to estimate model parameters. This is done using the recently proposed assimilation method, unsupervised weak constrained ensemble Kalman filter (UWCEnKF). UWCEnKF applies a dual scheme to separately update the state and parameters using two interactive EnKF filters followed by a water balance constraint enforcement. The performance of multivariate data assimilation is evaluated against various independent data over different time periods over two different basins including the Murray–Darling and Mississippi basins. Results indicate that simultaneous assimilation of multiple satellite products combined with parameter estimation strongly improves model predictions compared with single satellite products and/or state estimation alone. This improvement is achieved not only during the parameter estimation period (\documentclass[12pt]{minimal}
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Affiliation(s)
- M Khaki
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia.
| | | | - S C Han
- School of Engineering, University of Newcastle, Callaghan, NSW, Australia
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Han SC, Schacter HL, Timmons AC, Kim Y, Sichko S, Pettit C, Margolin G. Feelings of Annoyance and Spoken Anger Words in Couples’ Everyday Lives: The Role of Family-of-Origin Aggression. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2020. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550620958806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the words that romantic couples use during emotionally heightened moments such as when feeling annoyed with their partner. In the present study, young adult couples received mobile phones that audio-recorded 50% of their day and prompted hourly self-reports of partner-related annoyance. Actor–partner models tested within-person (hourly) and between-person (across the day) associations between feelings of annoyance and spoken anger words; furthermore, exposure to retrospectively assessed parent-to-child aggression (PCA) was examined as a moderator of these links. Men reporting more annoyance across the day as well as greater PCA used more overall anger words. For women, hourly anger words fluctuated in relation to men’s annoyance; moreover, greater PCA strengthened the link between women’s own hourly reported annoyance and anger words. Our findings highlight nuances in couples’ communication of everyday relationship distress and point to the role of PCA in next-generation romantic relationships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun C. Han
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | | | - Yehsong Kim
- University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Corey Pettit
- University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, USA
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12
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Arbel R, Schacter HL, Han SC, Timmons AC, Spies Shapiro L, Margolin G. Day-to-day friends' victimization, aggression perpetration, and morning cortisol activity in late adolescents. Dev Psychobiol 2019; 61:930-941. [PMID: 30697720 PMCID: PMC6667321 DOI: 10.1002/dev.21829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/27/2018] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
This study investigates bidirectional associations between adolescents' daily experiences of victimization and aggression perpetration within friendships. We investigated (a) across-day associations between victimization and aggression perpetration; (b) morning cortisol activity as a moderator of cross-day victimization and aggression links; and (c) potential sex differences in these patterns. For 4 consecutive days, 99 adolescents (Mage = 18.06, SD = 1.09, 46 females) reported whether they were victimized by or aggressive toward their friends. On three of these days, adolescents provided three morning saliva samples. Multilevel path analyses showed that across days, victimization and aggression were bidirectionally linked, but only for male adolescents. Additionally, for male adolescents, morning cortisol output (but not morning cortisol increase) moderated the association between victimization and next-day aggression; victimization predicted greater next-day aggression for boys with low, but not high, morning cortisol output. Findings implicate a physiological factor that may modify daily links between victimization and aggression in male adolescent friendships.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
| | - Hannah L Schacter
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Sohyun C Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Adela C Timmons
- Department of Psychology, Florida International University, North Miami, Florida
| | - Lauren Spies Shapiro
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California
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13
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He SL, Yu J, Gou YJ, Bai QZ, Ma JL, Han SC, Jin DC, Chen M. [Anterior mediastinal chondrosarcoma: a case report]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2019; 41:479-480. [PMID: 31216838 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2019.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S L He
- The First Department of Thoracic Surgery, Gansu Provincial Hospital, Lanzhou 730000, China
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Timmons AC, Han SC, Chaspari T, Kim Y, Pettit C, Narayanan S, Margolin G. Family-of-origin aggression, dating aggression, and physiological stress reactivity in daily life. Physiol Behav 2019; 206:85-92. [PMID: 30902632 DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.03.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2018] [Revised: 02/25/2019] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Individuals exposed to aggression and who perpetrate aggression against others show differences in their physiological activation during stress; the goal of the present study is to investigate physiological stress reactivity as a factor contributing to the intergenerational transmission of aggression. To test associations between family-of-origin aggression (FOA), physiological reactivity in daily life, and dating aggression perpetration, we used ecological momentary assessment to monitor fluctuations in young adult (Mage = 23.1 years) dating couples' electrodermal activity (EDA) over an entire day and examined how naturally-occurring bouts of annoyance between partners relate to EDA, FOA, and dating aggression perpetration. Dating perpetration was linked to lower general levels of EDA in both men and women, while FOA was linked to lower general levels of EDA in men only. For women, multi-group, multilevel models showed that FOA and dating aggression perpetration moderated the association between feeling annoyed and EDA, such that those with greater FOA and dating aggression perpetration showed greater EDA reactivity during naturally-occurring relationship stress. Furthermore, this pattern of EDA reactivity mediated the link between FOA and dating aggression perpetration in women. These results provide evidence that FOA and dating aggression perpetration are linked to patterns of physiological responsivity in everyday life and suggest that these patterns could be important factors contributing to the intergenerational transmission of aggression.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sohyun C Han
- University of Southern California, United States of America
| | | | - Yehsong Kim
- University of Southern California, United States of America
| | - Corey Pettit
- University of Southern California, United States of America
| | | | - Gayla Margolin
- University of Southern California, United States of America
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES Childhood adversity is a risk factor for the development of obesity in adulthood. Dysregulated hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) activity, which has been associated separately with both adverse childhood experiences and obesity, has been posited as a mechanism by which stressful experiences influence body mass index (BMI); however, this mechanism has not yet been tested longitudinally. The present study uses multireporter, longitudinal data across three time points to test whether the adolescent cortisol awakening response (CAR), an index of diurnal HPA activity, mediates the association between adversity in childhood and BMI in adulthood. METHOD Eighty-two youth, mothers, and fathers reported on adverse childhood experiences from middle childhood to late adolescence. During adolescence, youth provided saliva samples three times each morning across three days, which were assayed for cortisol to calculate CAR. During early adulthood, youth reported height and weight to calculate BMI. RESULTS Greater adversity predicted flatter CAR and higher young adult BMI. Flatter CAR partially mediated the association between childhood adversity and young adult BMI. CONCLUSIONS Stress-related alterations to HPA activity account in part for the childhood adversity-adult obesity link. Findings are consistent with theoretical models implicating HPA alterations as linking childhood adversity to metabolic and behavioral determinants of BMI in adulthood. (PsycINFO Database Record
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Reout Arbel
- Department of Counseling and Human Development, University of Haifa
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Rasmussen HF, Ramos MC, Han SC, Pettit C, Margolin G. How discrimination and perspective-taking influence adolescents' attitudes about justice. J Adolesc 2017; 62:70-81. [PMID: 29161607 DOI: 10.1016/j.adolescence.2017.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2017] [Revised: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about factors influencing adolescents' justice attitudes. This online study investigates perspective-taking and experiences with discrimination for their associations with adolescents' beliefs about how justice is best served. Participants included 179 ethnically/racially diverse high school students (Mage = 16.67 years; SD = 1.02). Higher perspective-taking was associated with less punitive and more restorative attitudes. Youth reporting more personal and ethnic/racial discrimination experiences endorsed more restorative justice attitudes. Perspective-taking also moderated the associations between reports of family, personal, and religious discrimination and punitive justice attitudes: adolescents reporting higher discrimination showed a stronger inverse relationship between perspective-taking and punitive attitudes. Findings have implications for school and community programs aiming to implement restorative policies, and for adolescents' civic participation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sohyun C Han
- University of Southern California, United States
| | - Corey Pettit
- University of Southern California, United States
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Timmons AC, Baucom BR, Han SC, Perrone L, Chaspari T, Narayanan SS, Margolin G. New Frontiers in Ambulatory Assessment. Social Psychological and Personality Science 2017. [DOI: 10.1177/1948550617709115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Adela C. Timmons
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | | | - Sohyun C. Han
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Laura Perrone
- Department of Psychology, Stony Brook University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Theodora Chaspari
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shrikanth S. Narayanan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Gayla Margolin
- Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Abstract
This study investigated whether having friends who engaged in more prosocial than antisocial behaviors buffered the associations between family-of-origin aggression and later victimization. Adolescent participants (N=125) and their parents reported on different types of family aggression in early adolescence. Approximately 5 years later, adolescents reported on their victimization experiences with dating partners and friends, and their friends' prosocial and antisocial behaviors. Only father-to-child aggression was significantly associated with dating and friend victimization, with stronger risk for females' dating victimization. Moreover, having friends who engaged in more prosocial than antisocial behaviors had both a direct inverse relationship with dating partner victimization. This also buffered the risk for dating victimization associated with father-daughter aggression. Findings suggest that greater attention be paid to the father-daughter relationship and to the importance of having friends who engage in prosocial behaviors in the prevention of adolescents' victimization.
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Margolin G, Ramos MC, Timmons AC, Miller KF, Han SC. Intergenerational Transmission of Aggression: Physiological Regulatory Processes. Child Dev Perspect 2015; 10:15-21. [PMID: 26929773 DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Children who grow up in aggressive households are at risk of having problems with physiological regulation, but researchers have not investigated physiology as a mechanism in the intergenerational transmission of aggression. In this article, we posit that physiological regulation, particularly during stressful interpersonal interactions, may shed light on sensitivity to conflict, It can also inform our understanding of associations between childhood exposure to aggression in families of origin and aggression against partners in adolescence or adulthood. In support of this model, we highlight findings showing that childhood exposure to family aggression relates to physiological regulation across the life span, and that reactions to physiological stress concurrently relate to aggression against intimate partners. Emerging evidence from research on biological processes during stressful interpersonal interactions raises questions about what is adaptive for individuals from aggressive families, particularly as past family experiences intersect with the challenges of new relationships.
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20
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Han SC, Castro F, Lee LO, Charney ME, Marx BP, Brailey K, Proctor SP, Vasterling JJ. Military unit support, postdeployment social support, and PTSD symptoms among active duty and National Guard soldiers deployed to Iraq. J Anxiety Disord 2014; 28:446-53. [PMID: 24846492 DOI: 10.1016/j.janxdis.2014.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2013] [Revised: 04/16/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Research suggests that military unit support and community postdeployment social support are associated with fewer PTSD symptoms following military deployment. This study extended prior research by examining the associations among predeployment unit support and PTSD symptoms before Iraq deployment as well as unit support, PTSD symptoms, and postdeployment social support after deployment among 835 U.S. Army and 173 National Guard soldiers. Multiple regression analyses indicated that predeployment unit support was not significantly associated with postdeployment PTSD severity in either group of soldiers, whereas higher unit support during deployment was significantly associated with lower postdeployment PTSD severity among active duty soldiers only. Among both groups, higher levels of postdeployment social support were associated with lower levels of postdeployment PTSD symptom severity. These findings suggest that postdeployment social support is a particularly strong buffer against postdeployment PTSD symptoms among both groups of soldiers whereas the effects of unit support may be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun C Han
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - Frank Castro
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - Lewina O Lee
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States; Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Meredith E Charney
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States
| | - Brian P Marx
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Kevin Brailey
- VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Susan P Proctor
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; U.S. Army Research Institute of Environmental Medicine, Natick, MA, United States; Boston University School of Public Health, 715 Albany Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States
| | - Jennifer J Vasterling
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, 150 South Huntington Avenue, Boston, MA 02130, United States; Boston University School of Medicine, 72 East Concord Street, Boston, MA 02118, United States.
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Wisco BE, Marx BP, Holowka DW, Vasterling JJ, Han SC, Chen MS, Gradus JL, Nock MK, Rosen RC, Keane TM. Traumatic brain injury, PTSD, and current suicidal ideation among Iraq and Afghanistan U.S. veterans. J Trauma Stress 2014; 27:244-8. [PMID: 24639101 PMCID: PMC9040387 DOI: 10.1002/jts.21900] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Suicide is a prevalent problem among veterans deployed to Iraq and Afghanistan. Traumatic brain injury (TBI) and psychiatric conditions, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are potentially important risk factors for suicide in this population, but the literature is limited by a dearth of research on female veterans and imprecise assessment of TBI and suicidal behavior. This study examined 824 male and 825 female U.S. veterans who were enrolled in the baseline assessment of the Veterans After-Discharge Longitudinal Registry (Project VALOR), an observational registry of veterans with and without PTSD who deployed in support of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan and were enrolled in the Veterans Affairs healthcare system. Results indicated that current depressive symptoms, PTSD, and history of prior TBI were all significantly associated with current suicidal ideation (Cohen's d = 0.91, Cramers' Vs = .19 and .08, respectively). After adding a number of variables to the model, including psychiatric comorbidity, TBI history was associated with increased risk of current suicidal ideation among male veterans only (RR = 1.55). TBI is an important variable to consider in future research on suicide among veterans of the wars in Iraq and Afghanistan, particularly among male veterans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blair E. Wisco
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Brian P. Marx
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Darren W. Holowka
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jennifer J. Vasterling
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sohyun C. Han
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - May S. Chen
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jaimie L. Gradus
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston MA, USA
| | - Matthew K. Nock
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Terence M. Keane
- National Center for PTSD at VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA,Department of Psychiatry, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
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22
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Han SC, Gallagher MW, Franz MR, Chen MS, Cabral FM, Marx BP. Childhood sexual abuse, alcohol use, and PTSD symptoms as predictors of adult sexual assault among lesbians and gay men. J Interpers Violence 2013; 28:2505-2520. [PMID: 23486851 DOI: 10.1177/0886260513479030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Prior research has indicated that childhood sexual abuse (CSA), alcohol use, and posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms are important risk factors for adult sexual assault (ASA). A notable limitation of this prior work, however, is that it has almost exclusively focused on heterosexual women. The present study sought to remedy this by examining the extent to which CSA, alcohol use, and PTSD symptoms related to ASA among lesbians (n = 122) and gay men (n = 117). Using structural equation modeling, we found that alcohol use was the best predictor of ASA among lesbians whereas CSA was the best predictor of ASA among gay men. These results suggest that certain risk factors may be differentially related to ASA among groups with different sexual orientations. Such findings deepen our current understanding of ASA and offer important directions for reducing the risk of ASA for lesbian and gay individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sohyun C Han
- VA National Center for PTSD, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA, USA
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23
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Han SC, Choo KH, Choi SJ, Benjamin MM. Removal of manganese from water using combined chelation/membrane separation systems. Water Sci Technol 2005; 51:349-55. [PMID: 16003996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The addition of the chelating polymer polyacrylic acid (PAA) to assist in the removal of manganese from groundwater by membranes was investigated using membranes with different pore sizes under various operating conditions. Negligible manganese removal was achieved with the UF and NF membranes at acidic pH values, but removals exceeding 90% could be achieved at elevated pH (pH 9), presumably due to the formation of manganese hydroxides. Mn removal increased substantially when PAA was added to the feed solution, due to chelation of Mn by the PAA and rejection of the chelates by the membranes. The chelate could be broken at acidic pH, releasing free PAA that could then be separated from the Mn ions and reused. Smaller PAA molecules were lost in the first regeneration cycle, but negligible PAA was lost in subsequent cycles. In the systems with PAA, nitrate ions were rejected more efficiently than in the PAA-free systems, presumably because of electrical repulsion between nitrate ions and PAA sorbed on the membrane surface. With increasing PAA dose, the volumetric flux first decreased and then increased; the latter result was accompanied by a change in the physical-chemical form of the polymers, as indicated by an increase in turbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Han
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 702-701, Korea
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24
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Hyun MH, Lee GS, Han SC, Cho YJ. Liquid chromatographic resolution of biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) and its analogues on a chiral stationary phase. Enantiomer 2002; 6:313-8. [PMID: 11762927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Racemic biphenyl dimethyl dicarboxylate (DDB) and its analogues have been successfully resolved on a commercial HPLC chiral column, (3R,4S)-Whelk-O 1. In general, cyclic amide analogues of DDB, which were derived from pyrrolidine or piperidine, showed greater enantioselectivity and greater retention than the corresponding N,N-dialkyl amide or N-alkyl amide or ester analogues. From these results, it was concluded that the carbonyl oxygen of the DDB analogues plays an important role as a hydrogen bond acceptor, though the steric bulkiness of the amide functionality of DDB analogues may be another factor governing chiral recognition. The conformational stability of the two enantiomers of DDB and its analogues was also found to be high enough for the two enantiomers to be resolvable on (3R,4S)-Whelk-O 1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Republic of Korea.
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25
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Abstract
A new high-performance liquid chromatographic chiral stationary phase (CSP) was prepared from (S)-N-(3,5-dimethylbenzoyl)leucine N-phenyl N-allyl amide. The new CSP was applied for the resolution of N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)-alpha-amino amides and esters and the chromatographic resolution results were compared with those on another CSP derived from (S)-N-(3,5-dimethoxylbenzoyl)leucine N-phenyl N-allyl amide. The new CSP was found to exert greater enantioselectivity than the other one. These results are contrary to what was expected from the reciprocity of chiral recognition. From these results it was concluded that the reciprocity of chiral recognition should be used with some degree of care in developing effective CSPs or in predicting chromatographic resolution behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, South Korea.
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26
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Hyun MH, Han SC, Lipshutz BH, Shin YJ, Welch CJ. New chiral crown ether stationary phase for the liquid chromatographic resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers. J Chromatogr A 2001; 910:359-65. [PMID: 11261730 DOI: 10.1016/s0021-9673(00)01230-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new chiral stationary phase (CSP) for the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers was prepared by bonding a novel enantiopure (diphenyl-substituted 1,1'-binaphthyl) crown ether to 5 microm silica gel. The resulting CSP was applied to the separation of the enantiomers of various natural and unnatural alpha-amino acids. All alpha-amino acids tested were resolved very well on the new CSP, with the exception of proline, which does not contain a primary amino group. The resolution of alpha-amino acid enantiomers on this new CSP was found to be dependent on the type and amounts of organic and acidic modifiers, and on column temperature.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, South Korea.
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27
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Hyun MH, Koo HJ, Lee GS, Han SC. Effect of the double bond pi-conjugation of the aromatic group of racemic analytes on the liquid chromatographic separation of enantiomers. Enantiomer 2001; 5:499-503. [PMID: 11143813] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023]
Abstract
Various arylcarbinol esters were resolved on a commercial chiral column, (S, S) Whelk-O1. Among others, the analytes in which the aryl group is in conjugation with the double bond(s) to the chiral center were resolved much better on (S, S) Whelk-O1 than the corresponding non-double bonded analytes. From these results, it was proposed that the double bond pi-conjugation of the aromatic group of racemic analytes is very important for the chiral recognition. In addition, the size of the acyl group of arylcarbinol esters has been demonstrated to be important for the chiral recognition. In general, the large acyl group such as pivaloyl group was very effective for the chiral recognition of arylcarbinol esters on (S, S) Whelk-O1.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hyun
- Department of Chemistry, Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, Pusan 609-735, Republic of Korea.
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Abstract
We propose a motion-compensated video coding system employing dense motion fields. The dense motion field is calculated at the transmitter, and the motion information is efficiently encoded and transmitted along with the residual frame. The motion estimation is performed by existing techniques in the literature, while we focus on the coding of the motion field and the displaced frame difference (DFD) frame. The dense motion field formulation leads to several novel and distinct advantages. The motion field is encoded in a lossy manner to make the motion rate manageable. The more accurate and precise motion description allows us to predict where the DFD energy will be significant, thus leading to a more efficient DFD encoder compared to applying traditional still-image coding techniques. Furthermore, the dense motion field framework allows us to refine and tailor the motion estimation process such that the resulting DFD frame is easier to encode. Simulations demonstrate superior performance against standard block-based coders, with greater advantages for sequences with more complex motion.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Han
- C-Cube Microsystems, Milpitas, CA 95132, USA.
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Han SC, Kim DH, Higgins SA, Carcangiu ML, Kacinski BM. Chemoradiation as primary or adjuvant treatment for locally advanced carcinoma of the vulva. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2000; 47:1235-44. [PMID: 10889377 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(00)00569-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 88] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the impact of primary or adjuvant chemotherapy and radiation (CRT) on the survival rates of patients with locally advanced vulvar carcinoma. METHODS AND MATERIALS Between 1973 and 1998, 54 patients with vulvar cancer were treated with radiation therapy, among which 20 received CRT, while 34 patients received radiation therapy (RT) alone. Of the 20 patients, 14 were treated for primary or recurrent disease (pCRT), and 6 after radical vulvectomy for high-risk disease (aCRT). Of the 34 patients, 12 were treated primarily (pRT) and 22 received adjuvant treatment (aRT). Chemotherapy consisted of 2 courses of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) and mitomycin C administered during RT. Six patients received cisplatin in place of mitomycin C. In CRT groups, radiation was administered to the vulva, pelvic, and inguinal lymph nodes to a median dose of 45 Gy with additional 6-17 Gy to gross disease. In RT groups, the median dose to the microscopic diseases was 45 Gy. Nine patients received external beam boost and 16 patients received supplementary brachytherapy in the forms of (226)Ra or (241)Am plaques to sites of macroscopic disease. RESULTS Overall survival was superior in the patients treated with pCRT versus pRT with statistical significance (p = 0.04). There was also a statistically significant improvement in disease-specific (p = 0.03) and relapse-free survival (p = 0.01) favoring pCRT. No statistically significant trends of improved survival rates favoring aCRT over aRT were observed. CONCLUSION Concurrent radiation therapy and chemotherapy decreases local relapse rate, improves disease-specific and overall survival over RT alone as primary treatment for locally advanced vulvar cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Han
- Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT 06520-8040, USA
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30
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Abstract
Enantiomers of racemic 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids have been resolved as their O-ethoxycarbonyl pi-basic anilide derivatives on a new chiral stationary phase (CSP) derived from N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine N-phenyl N-alkylamide and the resolution results have been compared with those on various commercial pi-acidic CSPs. The resolution results demonstrate that the new CSP derived from N-(3,5-dinitrobenzoyl)leucine N-phenyl N-alkylamide is most effective among the five CSPs tested for the resolution of 2-hydroxycarboxylic acid derivatives. In order to elucidate the chiral recognition mechanism exerted by the new CSP, the resolution of slightly differently modified derivatives of 2-hydroxycarboxylic acids on the new CSP has been investigated. Based on the resolution results, a chiral recognition mechanism utilizing three simultaneous interactions such as the face to face pi-pi interaction and the two hydrogen bonding interactions between the CSP and the more retained enantiomer of the analyte has been proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Hyun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemistry Institute for Functional Materials, Pusan National University, South Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Epithelial permeability to fluorescein (Pdc) increases with closed-eye soft contact lens wear. Possible mechanisms responsible for this change include corneal hypoxia (and acidosis) during overnight wear and interference of the lens with normal tear exchange. In this study we used a local environmental chamber to examine the effects of hypoxia on Pdc. METHODS After baseline slit-lamp examination, autofluorescence, and central corneal thickness measurements, 35 subjects were fitted with a pair of airtight swimming goggles. One eye was exposed to a humidified gas mixture containing 95% nitrogen (N2) and 5% carbon dioxide (CO2), and the fellow (control) eye was exposed to air. The experimental eye and the eye measured first were assigned using a randomized block design. After the subjects wore the goggles for 1 hour, corneal thickness measurements were repeated and Pdc was assessed as previously described. A final slit-lamp examination was performed by a masked examiner to assess epithelial integrity. RESULTS There was no significant difference in the mean ln(Pdc) (95% confidence interval) for eyes exposed to N2/CO2 when compared with paired eyes exposed to air (-2.70 [-2.99, -2.41] vs -2.51 [-2.72, -2.30] ln[nm/sec], P = .272). Although there was also no substantial difference in the slit-lamp appearance of the experimental and control eyes, the mean (95% confidence interval) change in corneal thickness for the hypoxic eyes was 19.78 (15.72, 23.84) microm compared with 3.40 (-0.67, 7.47) microm (P < .0001) in the control eyes. CONCLUSION One hour of hypoxia caused a significant increase in corneal thickness with no apparent change in Pdc. This suggests that other factors, either alone or in combination with hypoxia, may be responsible for increased Pdc during closed-eye contact lens wear.
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Affiliation(s)
- N A McNamara
- Morton D. Sarver Laboratory for Cornea and Contact Lens Research, School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley 94720-2020, USA.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Myofascial pain syndrome (MPS) is a common condition often resulting in referral to a pain clinic. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and various diagnostic tools are reviewed, and a variety of treatment methods are discussed. METHODS Extensive periodical literature and textbooks are reviewed, and selected manuscripts are critically analyzed. RESULTS The incidence of MPS with associated trigger points appears to vary between 30 and 85% of people presenting to pain clinics, and the condition is more prevalent in women than in men. Patients complain of regional persistent pain, ranging in intensity and most frequently found in the head, neck, shoulders, extremities, and low back. Muscle histologic abnormalities have been described in some studies. Similarly, electromyographic, thermographic, and pressure algometric studies have inconsistently identified abnormalities. A multidisciplinary approach to treatment appears to be most beneficial and may include such modalities as trigger-point injections, dry needling, stretch and spray, and transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation. CONCLUSIONS The definitive pathogenesis of MPS is currently unknown, and no single diagnostic method is consistently positive. While trigger-point injection is the most widely employed method of treatment, other modes of therapy have also proved to be effective.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C Han
- Department of Anesthesiology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, NY 14263, USA
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Han SC, Lieuze D, Mougin O. [Emergency situations in visceral surgery]. Rev Infirm 1996:25-30. [PMID: 8900656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Chao TY, Han SC, Nieh S, Lan GY, Lee SH. Diagnosis of primary cardiac lymphoma. Report of a case with cytologic examination of pericardial fluid and imprints of transvenously biopsied intracardiac tissue. Acta Cytol 1995; 39:955-9. [PMID: 7571977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary cardiac lymphoma (PCL) is a treatable disease when appropriately diagnosed. Therefore, a prompt, safe method with high diagnostic accuracy is prerequisite to successful therapy for PCL. CASE A 57-year-old male presented with exertional dyspnea and atrial fibrillations. A pericardial effusion (PE) and several tumor masses occupying both atria were found. Cytologic examinations of PE and of imprints of the tissues obtained by transvenous biopsy of the cardiac tumors revealed numerous small, round tumor cells and lymphoglandular bodies, suggestive of malignant lymphoma. This cytologic impression was confirmed by immunocytochemical studies on the same cytologic material. Histologic studies reaffirmed the diagnosis of B-cell lymphoma. The patient received eight courses of chemotherapy, with complete remission of the illness. CONCLUSION Cardiac lymphoma can be quickly and safely diagnosed by cytologic examination of PE or transvenously biopsied cardiac tissue, with confirmation by immunocytochemical studies. Exploratory thoracotomy for biopsy can be avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Y Chao
- Department of Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan, Republic of China
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Rosenthal AF, Chodsky SV, Han SC. Diether phosphinate lecithin: chemical synthesis and effects on phospholipase C. Biochim Biophys Acta 1969; 187:385-92. [PMID: 4310716 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2760(69)90012-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Rosenthal AF, Han SC. A simple nonchromatographic determination of glycerophosphatide in serum. Clin Chem 1969; 15:197-203. [PMID: 4304286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Rosenthal AF, Han SC. Phosphorus determination in phosphoglycerides from thin-layer chromatograms. J Lipid Res 1969; 10:243-5. [PMID: 4305714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphoglyceride phosphorus is readily determined directly on silica gel removed from thin-layer chromatograms, without elution, by a nondigestive procedure with a sulfuric-periodic acid reagent. The method is specific for hydrolyzable phosphoglyceride containing two acid-hydrolyzable groups. Cariolipin reacts only partially, while sphingomyelin, diether lecithin, and phosphonate cephalin fail completely to react.
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Pogodina VV, Han SC. [Study of the correlation between the pathogenicity of tick-borne encephalitis viruses for animals and peculiarities of their growth in the organism. 2. Demonstration by the fluorescent antibody method of noninfectious virus antigens in the organs of animals infected by the Malaya Langat (TP-21) virus]. Vopr Virusol 1965; 10:30-6. [PMID: 5325010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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