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Hu Q, Corral P, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, O’Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C. Oral Dosing of Dihydromethysticin Ahead of Tobacco Carcinogen NNK Effectively Prevents Lung Tumorigenesis in A/J Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2020; 33:1980-1988. [PMID: 32476407 PMCID: PMC8178726 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.0c00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Our early studies demonstrated an impressive chemopreventive efficacy of dihydromethysticin (DHM), unique in kava, against tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice in which DHM was supplemented in the diet. The current work was carried out to validate the efficacy, optimize the dosing schedule, and further elucidate the mechanisms using oral bolus dosing of DHM. The results demonstrated a dose-dependent chemopreventive efficacy of DHM (orally administered 1 h before each of the two NNK intraperitoneal injections, 1 week apart) against NNK-induced lung adenoma formation. Temporally, DHM at 0.8 mg per dose (∼32 mg per kg body weight) exhibited 100% lung adenoma inhibition when given 3 and 8 h before each NNK injection and attained >93% inhibition when dosed at either 1 or 16 h before each NNK injection. The simultaneous treatment (0 h) or 40 h pretreatment (-40 h) decreased lung adenoma burden by 49.8% and 52.1%, respectively. However, post-NNK administration of DHM (1-8 h after each NNK injection) was ineffective against lung tumor formation. In short-term experiments for mechanistic exploration, DHM treatment reduced the formation of NNK-induced O6-methylguanine (O6-mG, a carcinogenic DNA adduct in A/J mice) in the target lung tissue and increased the urinary excretion of NNK detoxification metabolites as judged by the ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc to free NNAL, generally in synchrony with the tumor prevention efficacy outcomes in the dose scheduling time-course experiment. Overall, these results suggest DHM as a potential chemopreventive agent against lung tumorigenesis in smokers, with O6-mG and NNAL detoxification as possible surrogate biomarkers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Pedro Corral
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - M. Gerard O’Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
- Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108
| | - Stephen S. Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, Pennsylvania State University College of Medicine, Hershey, PA 17033
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32610
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455
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2
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Wang Y, Narayanapillai SC, Tessier KM, Strayer LG, Upadhyaya P, Hu Q, Kingston R, Salloum RG, Lu J, Hecht SS, Hatsukami DK, Fujioka N, Xing C. The Impact of One-week Dietary Supplementation with Kava on Biomarkers of Tobacco Use and Nitrosamine-based Carcinogenesis Risk among Active Smokers. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2020; 13:483-492. [PMID: 32102948 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-19-0501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Tobacco smoking is the primary risk factor for lung cancer, driven by the addictive nature of nicotine and the indisputable carcinogenicity of 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) as well as other compounds. The integration of lung cancer chemoprevention with smoking cessation is one potential approach to reduce this risk and mitigate lung cancer mortality. Experimental data from our group suggest that kava, commonly consumed in the South Pacific Islands as a beverage to promote relaxation, may reduce lung cancer risk by enhancing NNK detoxification and reducing NNK-derived DNA damage. Building upon these observations, we conducted a pilot clinical trial to evaluate the effects of a 7-day course of kava on NNK metabolism in active smokers. The primary objective was to compare urinary total 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL plus its glucuronides, major metabolites of NNK) before and after kava administration as an indicator of NNK detoxification. Secondary objectives included determining kava's safety, its effects on DNA damage, tobacco use, and cortisol (a biomarker of stress). Kava increased urinary excretion of total NNAL and reduced urinary 3-methyladenine in participants, suggestive of its ability to reduce the carcinogenicity of NNK. Kava also reduced urinary total nicotine equivalents, indicative of its potential to facilitate tobacco cessation. Plasma cortisol and urinary total cortisol equivalents were reduced upon kava use, which may contribute to reductions in tobacco use. These results demonstrate the potential of kava intake to reduce lung cancer risk among smokers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | | | - Katelyn M Tessier
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Lori G Strayer
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Qi Hu
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Rick Kingston
- College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Ramzi G Salloum
- Department of Health Outcome & Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Institute, Penn State, Hershey, Pennsylvania
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Dorothy K Hatsukami
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota.,Department of Psychiatry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota. .,Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida.
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Wang Y, Eans SO, Stacy HM, Narayanapillai SC, Sharma A, Fujioka N, Haddad L, McLaughlin J, Avery BA, Xing C. A stable isotope dilution tandem mass spectrometry method of major kavalactones and its applications. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0197940. [PMID: 29795658 PMCID: PMC5993114 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0197940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2017] [Accepted: 03/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Kava is regaining its popularity with detailed characterizations warranted. We developed an ultraperformance liquid chromatography high-resolution tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method for major kavalactones (kavain, dihydrokavain, methysticin, dihydromethysticin and desmethoxyyangonin) with excellent selectivity and specificity. The method has been validated for different matrices following the Food and Drug Administration guidance of analytical procedures and methods validation. The scope of this method has been demonstrated by quantifying these kavalactones in two kava products, characterizing their tissue distribution and pharmacokinetics in mice, and detecting their presence in human urines and plasmas upon kava intake. As expected, the abundances of these kavalactones differed significantly in kava products. All of them exhibited a large volume of distribution with extensive tissue affinity and adequate mean residence time (MRT) in mice. This method also successfully quantified these kavalactones in human body fluids upon kava consumption at the recommended human dose. This UPLC-MS/MS method therefore can be used to characterize kava products and its pharmacokinetics in animals and in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Shainnel O. Eans
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Heather M. Stacy
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Abhisheak Sharma
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Naomi Fujioka
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
| | - Linda Haddad
- Department of Family Community and Health System Sciences, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Jay McLaughlin
- Department of Pharmacodynamics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Bonnie A. Avery
- Department of Pharmaceutics, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida, United States of America
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Puppala M, Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, Sun H, Upadhyaya P, O'Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Xing C. Pilot in Vivo Structure-Activity Relationship of Dihydromethysticin in Blocking 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-Induced O 6-Methylguanine and Lung Tumor in A/J Mice. J Med Chem 2017; 60:7935-7940. [PMID: 28806079 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.7b00921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
(+)-Dihydromethysticin was recently identified as a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent, while (+)-dihydrokavain was completely ineffective. A pilot in vivo structure-activity relationship (SAR) was explored, evaluating the efficacy of its analogs in blocking 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced short-term O6-methylguanine and long-term adenoma formation in the lung tissues in A/J mice. Both results revealed cohesive SARs, demonstrating that the methylenedioxy functional group in DHM is essential while the lactone functional group tolerates modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manohar Puppala
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Haifeng Sun
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center Comparative Pathology Shared Resource, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States.,Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota , St. Paul, Minnesota 55108, United States
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida , Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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Narayanapillai SC, Lin SH, Leitzman P, Upadhyaya P, Baglole CJ, Xing C. Dihydromethysticin (DHM) Blocks Tobacco Carcinogen 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-Induced O 6-Methylguanine in a Manner Independent of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor (AhR) Pathway in C57BL/6 Female Mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2016; 29:1828-1834. [PMID: 27728767 PMCID: PMC6532060 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.6b00203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) is a key carcinogen responsible for tobacco smoke-induced lung carcinogenesis. Among the types of DNA damage caused by NNK and its metabolite, 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL), O6-methylguanine (O6-mG) is likely the most carcinogen in A/J mice. Results of our previous studies showed that levels of O6-mG and other types of NNAL-derived DNA damage were preferentially reduced in the lung of female A/J mice upon dietary treatment with dihydromethysticin (DHM), a promising lung cancer chemopreventive agent from kava. Such a differential blockage may be mediated via an increased level of NNAL glucuronidation, thereby leading to its detoxification. The potential of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) as an upstream target of DHM mediating these events was evaluated herein using Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- C57BL/6 female mice because DHM was reported as an AhR agonist. DHM (0.05, 0.2, and 1.0 mg/g of diet) and dihydrokavain (DHK, an inactive analogue, 1.0 mg/g of diet) were given to mice for 7 days, followed by a single intraperitoneal dose of NNK at 100 mg/kg of body weight. The effects of DHM on the amount of O6-mG in the lung, on the urinary ratio of glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-Gluc) and free NNAL, and on CYP1A1/2 activity in the liver microsomes were analyzed. As observed in A/J mice, DHM treatment significantly and dose-dependently reduced the level of O6-mG in the target lung tissue, but there were no significant differences in O6-mG reduction between mice from Ahr+/- and Ahr-/- backgrounds. Similarly, in both strains, DHM at 1 mg/g of diet significantly increased the urinary ratio of NNAL-Gluc to free NNAL and CYP1A1/2 enzymatic activity in liver with no changes detected at lower DHM dosages. Because none of these effects of DHM were dependent on Ahr status, AhR clearly is not the upstream target for DHM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C. Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Shang-Hsuan Lin
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
| | - Carolyn J. Baglole
- Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, United States
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6
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Narayanapillai SC, von Weymarn LB, Carmella SG, Leitzman P, Paladino J, Upadhyaya P, Hecht SS, Murphy SE, Xing C. Dietary Dihydromethysticin Increases Glucuronidation of 4-(Methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-Pyridyl)-1-Butanol in A/J Mice, Potentially Enhancing Its Detoxification. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 44:422-7. [PMID: 26744252 DOI: 10.1124/dmd.115.068387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/06/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Effective chemopreventive agents are needed against lung cancer, the leading cause of cancer death. Results from our previous work showed that dietary dihydromethysticin (DHM) effectively blocked initiation of lung tumorigenesis by 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK) in A/J mice, and it preferentially reduced 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL)-derived DNA adducts in lung. This study explored the mechanism(s) responsible for DHM's differential effects on NNK/NNAL-derived DNA damage by quantifying their metabolites in A/J mice. The results showed that dietary DHM had no effect on NNK or NNAL abundance in vivo, indicating that DHM does not affect NNAL formation from NNK. DHM had a minimal effect on cytochrome P450 2A5 (CYP2A5, which catalyzes NNK and NNAL bioactivation in A/J mouse lung), suggesting that it does not inhibit NNAL bioactivation. Dietary DHM significantly increased O-glucuronidated NNAL (NNAL-O-gluc) in A/J mice. Lung and liver microsomes from dietary DHM-treated mice showed enhanced activities for NNAL O-glucuronidation. These results overall support the notion that dietary DHM treatment increases NNAL detoxification, potentially accounting for its chemopreventive efficacy against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. The ratio of urinary NNAL-O-gluc and free NNAL may serve as a biomarker to facilitate the clinical evaluation of DHM-based lung cancer chemopreventive agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Linda B von Weymarn
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Steven G Carmella
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Jordan Paladino
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Sharon E Murphy
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy (S.C.N., P.L., J.P., C.X.), Masonic Cancer Center (L.B.W., S.G.C., P.U., S.S.H., S.E.M.), and Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics (L.B.W., S.E.M.), University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota
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Narayanapillai SC, Balbo S, Leitzman P, Grill AE, Upadhyaya P, Shaik AA, Zhou B, O'Sullivan MG, Peterson LA, Lu J, Hecht SS, Xing C. Dihydromethysticin from kava blocks tobacco carcinogen 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis and differentially reduces DNA damage in A/J mice. Carcinogenesis 2014; 35:2365-72. [PMID: 25053626 PMCID: PMC4178470 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgu149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2014] [Revised: 06/28/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
We have previously shown that kava and its flavokavain-free Fraction B completely blocked 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with a preferential reduction in NNK-induced O (6)-methylguanine (O (6)-mG). In this study, we first identified natural (+)-dihydromethysticin (DHM) as a lead compound through evaluating the in vivo efficacy of five major compounds in Fraction B on reducing O (6)-mG in lung tissues. (+)-DHM demonstrated outstanding chemopreventive activity against NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with 97% reduction of adenoma multiplicity at a dose of 0.05mg/g of diet (50 ppm). Synthetic (±)-DHM was equally effective as the natural (+)-DHM in these bioassays while a structurally similar analog, (+)-dihydrokavain (DHK), was completely inactive, revealing a sharp in vivo structure-activity relationship. Analyses of an expanded panel of NNK-induced DNA adducts revealed that DHM reduced a subset of DNA adducts in lung tissues derived from 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanol (NNAL, the active metabolite of NNK). Preliminary 17-week safety studies of DHM in A/J mice at a dose of 0.5mg/g of diet (at least 10× its minimum effective dose) revealed no adverse effects, suggesting that DHM is likely free of kava's hepatotoxic risk. These results demonstrate the outstanding efficacy and promising safety margin of DHM in preventing NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice, with a unique mechanism of action and high target specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Silvia Balbo
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pablo Leitzman
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and
| | - Alex E Grill
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Pramod Upadhyaya
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Ahmad Ali Shaik
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and Present address: Department of Chemistry, The University of Toledo, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bo Zhou
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and
| | - M Gerard O'Sullivan
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Lisa A Peterson
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA, Division of Environmental Health Sciences, University of Minnesota, MN 55455, USA and
| | - Junxuan Lu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA
| | - Stephen S Hecht
- Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA,
| | - Chengguo Xing
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy and
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8
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Narayanapillai SC, Leitzman P, O'Sullivan MG, Xing C. Flavokawains a and B in kava, not dihydromethysticin, potentiate acetaminophen-induced hepatotoxicity in C57BL/6 mice. Chem Res Toxicol 2014; 27:1871-6. [PMID: 25185080 PMCID: PMC4203398 DOI: 10.1021/tx5003194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
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Anxiolytic
kava products have been associated with rare but severe
hepatotoxicity in humans. This adverse potential has never been captured
in animal models, and the responsible compound(s) remains to be determined.
The lack of such knowledge greatly hinders the preparation of a safer
kava product and limits its beneficial applications. In this study
we evaluated the toxicity of kava as a single entity or in combination
with acetaminophen (APAP) in C57BL/6 mice. Kava alone revealed no
adverse effects for long-term usage even at a dose of 500 mg/kg bodyweight.
On the contrary a three-day kava pretreatment potentiated APAP-induced
hepatotoxicity, resulted in an increase in serum ALT and AST, and
increased severity of liver lesions. Chalcone-based flavokawains A
(FKA) and B (FKB) in kava recapitulated its hepatotoxic synergism
with APAP while dihydromethysticin (DHM, a representative kavalactone
and a potential lung cancer chemopreventive agent) had no such effect.
These results, for the first time, demonstrate the hepatotoxic risk
of kava and its chalcone-based FKA and FKB in vivo and suggest that herb–drug interaction may account for the
rare hepatotoxicity associated with anxiolytic kava usage in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreekanth C Narayanapillai
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota , Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, United States
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9
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Leitzman P, Narayanapillai SC, Balbo S, Zhou B, Upadhyaya P, Shaik AA, O'Sullivan MG, Hecht SS, Lu J, Xing C. Kava blocks 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone-induced lung tumorigenesis in association with reducing O6-methylguanine DNA adduct in A/J mice. Cancer Prev Res (Phila) 2014; 7:86-96. [PMID: 24403291 DOI: 10.1158/1940-6207.capr-13-0301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
We previously reported the chemopreventive potential of kava against 4-(methylnitrosamino)-1-(3-pyridyl)-1-butanone (NNK)- and benzo(a)pyrene (BaP)-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice during the initiation and postinitiation stages. In this study, we investigated the tumorigenesis-stage specificity of kava, the potential active compounds, and the underlying mechanisms in NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice. In the first experiment, NNK-treated mice were given diets containing kava at a dose of 5 mg/g of diet during different periods. Kava treatments covering the initiation stage reduced the multiplicity of lung adenomas by approximately 99%. A minimum effective dose is yet to be defined because kava at two lower dosages (2.5 and 1.25 mg/g of diet) were equally effective as 5 mg/g of diet in completely inhibiting lung adenoma formation. Daily gavage of kava (one before, during, and after NNK treatment) completely blocked lung adenoma formation as well. Kavalactone-enriched fraction B fully recapitulated kava's chemopreventive efficacy, whereas kavalactone-free fractions A and C were much less effective. Mechanistically, kava and fraction B reduced NNK-induced DNA damage in lung tissues with a unique and preferential reduction in O(6)-methylguanine (O(6)-mG), the highly tumorigenic DNA damage by NNK, correlating and predictive of efficacy on blocking lung adenoma formation. Taken together, these results demonstrate the outstanding efficacy of kava in preventing NNK-induced lung tumorigenesis in A/J mice with high selectivity for the initiation stage in association with the reduction of O(6)-mG adduct in DNA. They also establish the knowledge basis for the identification of the active compound(s) in kava.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Leitzman
- University of Minnesota, Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, 8-101 WDH, 308 Harvard Street SE, Minneapolis, MN 55455.
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Narayanapillai SC, Gu M, Agarwal C, Agarwal R. Abstract 1592: Silibinin inhibits UVB-induced DNA-damage and apoptosis by enhancing interleukin-12 expression in JB6 cells and SKH-1 mouse skin. Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.am2012-1592] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Ultraviolet-B (UVB) radiation plays a pivotal role in non-melanoma human skin cancers (NMSCs) by inducing cellular DNA damage, mutations and immunosuppression. Decades of research has demonstrated silibinin efficacy against UVB-induced skin carcinogenesis by regulating different molecular pathways in various cell lines and animal models; however, the role of silibinin in regulating interleukin-12 (IL-12), an immunomodulatory cytokine with the capacity to reduce UVB-induced DNA damage and apoptosis, has not been studied. Here, we report that UVB irradiation caused a dose- and time-dependent caspase 3 and PARP cleavage as well as apoptosis in JB6 cells. Addition of recombinant IL-12 or silibinin immediately after UVB significantly protected UVB-induced apoptosis in JB6 cells, and antibody-mediated blocking of IL-12 activity compromised the protective effect of both IL-12 and silibinin. In addition, both silibinin and IL-12 accelerated the repair of UVB-caused cyclobutane-pyrimidine dimers (CPDs) in JB6 cells. Additional studies confirmed that indeed silibinin causes a significant increase in IL-12 levels in UVB-irradiated JB6 cells as well as in the SKH-1 hairless mouse epidermis, and that similar to in vitro findings, silibinin topical application immediately after UVB exposure causes a very strong protection against UVB-induced TUNEL positive cells in epidermis possibly through a significantly accelerated repair of UVB-caused CPDs in skin epidermis. Together, these findings for the first time identify an important insight regarding the pharmacological mechanism wherein silibinin induces endogenous IL-12 in its efficacy against UVB-caused skin damages. Considering the fact that millions of people get constantly exposed to solar UVB radiation and live with persistent UVB-induced DNA lesions, the post-damage use of silibinin as an inducer of endogenous IL-12 in UVB-damaged human skin for the rapid repair of DNA damage could be a more practical and translational approach in reducing sunlight-caused damages in human skin which eventually lead to NMSCs.
Citation Format: {Authors}. {Abstract title} [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 103rd Annual Meeting of the American Association for Cancer Research; 2012 Mar 31-Apr 4; Chicago, IL. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2012;72(8 Suppl):Abstract nr 1592. doi:1538-7445.AM2012-1592
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mallikarjuna Gu
- 1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Chapla Agarwal
- 1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
| | - Rajesh Agarwal
- 1Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado Denver, Aurora, CO
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