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Valestrand L, Berntsen NL, Zheng F, Schrumpf E, Hansen SH, Karlsen TH, Blumberg RS, Hov JR, Jiang X, Melum E. Lipid antigens in bile from patients with chronic liver diseases activate natural killer T cells. Clin Exp Immunol 2020; 203:304-314. [PMID: 33089489 DOI: 10.1111/cei.13541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2020] [Revised: 10/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Natural killer T (NKT) cells are an abundant subset of liver lymphocytes activated by lipid antigens presented on CD1d molecules that are expressed by cholangiocytes. We aimed to determine if bile from patients with chronic liver diseases contains antigenic lipids that can activate NKT cells. Using murine invariant (24.7, 24.8 and DN32.D3) and non-invariant (14S.6, 14S.7 and 14S.10) NKT hybridomas we investigated the presence of lipid antigens in bile collected from the gallbladder of patients undergoing liver transplantation due to end-stage liver disease. Biliary microbiota profiles were generated using 16S rRNA amplicon sequencing. We found that the patient bile samples contain antigens that activate both invariant and non-invariant NKT hybridomas (24.7, 24.8, DN32.D3, 14S.6, 14S.7 and 14S.10), as demonstrated by activation of at least one hybridoma by eight of 10 bile samples. Activation at high dilutions suggests that some antigens are highly potent. We used the non-invariant NKT hybridoma 14S.6 to screen 21 additional patient bile samples for NKT-reactivity and demonstrated that 12 of 21 bile samples resulted in activation, three of which gave a strong activation. Four of 12 activating bile samples contained microbial DNA. Our results reveal an immunological pathway that could be of critical importance in biliary immunology.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Valestrand
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - N L Berntsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - F Zheng
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Schrumpf
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - S H Hansen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - T H Karlsen
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - R S Blumberg
- Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endoscopy, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - J R Hov
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - X Jiang
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - E Melum
- Norwegian PSC Research Center, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Research Institute of Internal Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Institute of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.,Section for Gastroenterology, Department of Transplantation Medicine, Division of Surgery, Inflammatory Diseases and Transplantation, Oslo University Hospital Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway.,Hybrid Technology Hub-Centre of Excellence, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Henriksen M, Alkjær T, Raffalt PC, Jørgensen L, Bartholdy C, Hansen SH, Bliddal H. Opioid-Induced Reductions in Gait Variability in Healthy Volunteers and Individuals with Knee Osteoarthritis. Pain Med 2020; 20:2106-2114. [PMID: 30649458 DOI: 10.1093/pm/pny286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate differences in gait variability induced by two different single-dose opioid formulations and an inert placebo in healthy volunteers and knee osteoarthritis patients. DESIGN Experimental, randomized, double-blinded, crossover study of inert placebo (calcium tablets), 50 mg of tapentadol, and 100 mg of tramadol. SETTING Laboratory setting. SUBJECTS Healthy volunteers and knee osteoarthritis patients. METHODS At three visits, separated by seven days, one tablet was administered per visit according to the randomization code. At each visit, a baseline measurement was done before tablet administration, after which hourly measurements were performed for six hours, yielding a total of seven measurements per visit. Gait variability was measured by three-dimensional gait analysis, recorded during six minutes of continuous treadmill walking at self-selected speed. One hundred seventy gait cycles were identified from detection of clear events of the knee joint angle trajectories. Gait variability was assessed as average standard deviations over a gait cycle of the sacrum displacements and accelerations; sagittal plane ankle, knee, and hip joint angles; step widths; and stride times. RESULTS Twenty-four opioid-naïve and neurologically intact participants (12 healthy volunteers and 12 knee osteoarthritis patients) were included and completed the experiment. Tapentadol reduced the variability of sacrum displacements and accelerations compared with placebo and tramadol. There were no differences between experimental conditions regarding the variability in lower-extremity joint angle variability, step widths, or stride times. CONCLUSIONS In opioid-naïve and neurologically intact individuals, tapentadol seems to reduce movement variability during treadmill walking, compared with placebo and tramadol. This can be interpreted as a loss of adaptability that might increase the risk of falling if the system is perturbed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Henriksen
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Tine Alkjær
- Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter C Raffalt
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Louse Jørgensen
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Cecilie Bartholdy
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Physical and Occupational Therapy, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henning Bliddal
- The Parker Institute, Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg-Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Ji S, Thulstrup PW, Mu H, Hansen SH, van de Weert M, Rantanen J, Yang M. Investigation of factors affecting the stability of lysozyme spray dried from ethanol-water solutions. Int J Pharm 2017; 534:263-271. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Revised: 10/07/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Holmfred E, Cornett C, Maldonado C, Rønsted N, Hansen SH. An Optimised Method for Routine Separation and Quantification of Major Alkaloids in Cortex Cinchona by HPLC Coupled with UV and Fluorescence Detection. Phytochem Anal 2017; 28:374-380. [PMID: 28370544 DOI: 10.1002/pca.2684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/22/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Authentication of herbal products to ensure efficacy and safety require efficient separation and quantification of constituents. Standard assays for Cinchona bark used for the treatment of malaria and production of quinine, either use only spectrophotometry to detect two pairs of diastereoisomers of quinine and cinchonine type alkaloids (European Pharmacopoeia, Ph.Eur.) or liquid chromatography primarily optimised for detection of the four major alkaloids. However, numerous minor alkaloids occur in Cinchona and related species and efficient separation including gradient elution is necessary in order to obtain the full pattern of constituents in bark samples. OBJECTIVE To develop an optimised HPLC method for separation and quantitative analysis of the four major alkaloids in Cinchona bark using UV detection. METHODOLOGY Dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO) extracts of 50 mg of pulverised barks were prepared using ultrasonication. The chromatographic separation was performed on an XB-C18 column packed with 2.6 μm particles. Gradient elution using an ammonium formate buffer and methanol as organic modifier over 26 min was based on non-chiral separation of the diastereoisomers and the high solvent selectivity of methanol. Post column UV detection was performed at 250 nm and 330 nm. Fluorescence detection was performed using 330 nm for excitation and 420 nm for emission. RESULTS The optimised HPLC method facilitates efficient separation and quantification of the four major alkaloids in 26 min with a limit of quantification of 5 μg/g from 50 mg bark sample. CONCLUSION The optimised HPLC method offers a simple and efficient quantification of the four major alkaloids. Copyright © 2017 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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Affiliation(s)
- Else Holmfred
- Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Cornett
- Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Maldonado
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Villa C, Olsen KB, Hansen SH. Virtual animation of victim-specific 3D models obtained from CT scans for forensic reconstructions: Living and dead subjects. Forensic Sci Int 2017; 278:e27-e33. [PMID: 28716518 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2017.06.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2017] [Revised: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/29/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Post-mortem CT scanning (PMCT) has been introduced at several forensic medical institutions many years ago and has proved to be a useful tool. 3D models of bones, skin, internal organs and bullet paths can rapidly be generated using post-processing software. These 3D models reflect the individual physiognomics and can be used to create whole-body 3D virtual animations. In such way, virtual reconstructions of the probable ante-mortem postures of victims can be constructed and contribute to understand the sequence of events. This procedure is demonstrated in two victims of gunshot injuries. Case #1 was a man showing three perforating gunshot wounds, who died due to the injuries of the incident. Whole-body PMCT was performed and 3D reconstructions of bones, relevant internal organs and bullet paths were generated. Using 3ds Max software and a human anatomy 3D model, a virtual animated body was built and probable ante-mortem postures visualized. Case #2 was a man presenting three perforating gunshot wounds, who survived the incident: one in the left arm and two in the thorax. Only CT scans of the thorax, abdomen and the injured arm were provided by the hospital. Therefore, a whole-body 3D model reflecting the anatomical proportions of the patient was made combining the actual bones of the victim with those obtained from the human anatomy 3D model. The resulted 3D model was used for the animation process. Several probable postures were also visualized in this case. It has be shown that in Case #1 the lesions and the bullet path were not consistent with an upright standing position; instead, the victim was slightly bent forward, i.e. he was sitting or running when he was shot. In Case #2, one of the bullets could have passed through the arm and continued into the thorax. In conclusion, specialized 3D modelling and animation techniques allow for the reconstruction of ante-mortem postures based on both PMCT and clinical CT.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Villa
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - K B Olsen
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S H Hansen
- Section of Forensic Pathology, Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, Frederik V's Vej 11, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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6
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Wenande E, Olesen UH, Nielsen MMB, Janfelt C, Hansen SH, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. Fractional laser-assisted topical delivery leads to enhanced, accelerated and deeper cutaneous 5-fluorouracil uptake. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2016; 14:307-317. [PMID: 27835937 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2017.1260119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Topical 5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) exhibits suboptimal efficacy for non-melanoma skin cancer, attributed to insufficient intracutaneous penetration. This study investigates the impact of ablative fractional laser (AFXL) at different laser-channel depths on cutaneous 5-FU pharmacokinetics and biodistribution. METHODS In vitro porcine skin underwent AFXL-exposure using a fractional 10,600 nm CO2-laser, generating microscopic ablation zones (MAZ) reaching the dermoepidermal junction (MAZ-ED), superficial-(MAZ-DS), or mid-dermis(MAZ-DM). 5-FU in AFXL-exposed and control skin was measured in Franz diffusion cells at 4 and 24 hours (n = 55). HPLC quantified 5-FU in full-thickness skin, specific skin depths of 100μm-1500μm, and transcutaneous receiver-compartments. Qualitative matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) visualized 5-FU in selected samples. RESULTS Overall, AFXL enhanced and accelerated 5-FU uptake versus unexposed controls, with increased accumulation in deep skin layers (p < 0.01). While total, 24-hour 5-FU uptake in control skin was 0.096 mg/cm3 (0.19% of applied concentration), AFXL delivered up to 4.707 mg/cm3 (MAZ-DM; 9.41% uptake, 49-fold enhancement) (p = 0.002; 24 hours). Indicating accelerated delivery, 5-FU in laser-exposed samples at 4 hours was at least 10-fold that of 24-hour controls (p = 0.002). Deeper laser-channels increased delivery throughout the skin (MAZ-ED vs. MAZ-DM; p<0.01). MALDI-MSI confirmed enhanced, accelerated, deeper and more uniform 5-FU distribution after AFXL versus controls. CONCLUSIONS AFXL offers laser-channel depth-dependent, enhanced and accelerated 5-FU uptake, with increased deposition in deep skin layers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Wenande
- a Department of Dermatology , Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Uffe H Olesen
- a Department of Dermatology , Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Mette M B Nielsen
- b Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | - Christian Janfelt
- c Department of Pharmacy , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark
| | | | - R Rox Anderson
- d Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
| | - Merete Haedersdal
- a Department of Dermatology , Copenhagen University Hospital Bispebjerg , Copenhagen , Denmark.,d Wellman Center for Photomedicine , Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School , Boston , MA , USA
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7
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Fuchs D, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Jensen H, Rand KD, Honoré Hansen S, Petersen NJ. Fully Automated Electro Membrane Extraction Autosampler for LC–MS Systems Allowing Soft Extractions for High-Throughput Applications. Anal Chem 2016; 88:6797-804. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.6b01243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Fuchs
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- School
of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, P.O. Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Kasper D. Rand
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nickolaj Jacob Petersen
- Department
of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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8
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Kellner M, Porseryd T, Hallgren S, Porsch-Hällström I, Hansen SH, Olsén KH. Waterborne citalopram has anxiolytic effects and increases locomotor activity in the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Aquat Toxicol 2016; 173:19-28. [PMID: 26827268 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Citalopram is an antidepressant drug, which acts by inhibiting the re-uptake of serotonin from the synaptic cleft into the pre-synaptic nerve ending. It is one of the most common drugs used in treatment of depression, it is highly lipophilic and frequently found in sewage treatment plant effluents and surface waters around the world. Citalopram and other selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitors have, at concentrations that occur in nature, been shown to have behavioural as well as physiological effects on fish and other animals. This study is the result of several different experiments, intended to analyse different aspects of behavioural effects of chronic citalopram exposure in fish. Our model species the three-spine stickleback is common in the entire northern hemisphere and is considered to be a good environmental sentinel species. Female three-spine sticklebacks were exposed to 0, 1.5 and 15μg/l nominal concentrations of citalopram for 21 days and subjected to the novel tank (NT) diving test. In the NT test, the fish exposed to 1.5μg/l, but not the 15μg/l fish made a significantly higher number of transitions to the upper half and stayed there for significantly longer time than the fish exposed to 0μg/l. The 15μg/l group, however, displayed a significantly lower number of freeze bouts and a shorter total freezing time. The test for locomotor activity included in the NT test showed that fish treated with 1.5 and 15μg/l displayed a significantly higher swimming activity than control fish both 5-7 and 15-17min after the start of the experiment. In the next experiment we compared fish exposed to 1.5μg/l and 0.15μg/l to pure water controls with regard to shoaling intensity and found no effect of treatment. In the final experiment the propensity of fish treated with 1.5μg/l to approach an unknown object and aggressive behaviour was investigated using the Novel Object test and a mirror test, respectively. The exposed fish ventured close to the unknown object significantly more often and stayed there for significantly longer time than unexposed fish. The aggression test yielded no statistically significant effects. It is concluded that citalopram changes the behaviour of the three-spine stickleback in a way that is likely to have ecological consequences and that it must not be considered an environmentally safe pharmaceutical.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kellner
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Sweden.
| | - T Porseryd
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Sweden
| | - S Hallgren
- Uppsala University, Environmental Toxicology, Department of Organismal Biology, Sweden
| | - I Porsch-Hällström
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Sweden
| | - S H Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K H Olsén
- Södertörn University, School of Natural Sciences, Technology and Environmental Studies, Sweden
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Taudorf EH, Lerche CM, Erlendsson AM, Philipsen PA, Hansen SH, Janfelt C, Paasch U, Anderson RR, Haedersdal M. Fractional laser-assisted drug delivery: Laser channel depth influences biodistribution and skin deposition of methotrexate. Lasers Surg Med 2016; 48:519-29. [PMID: 26846733 DOI: 10.1002/lsm.22484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE Ablative fractional laser (AFXL) facilitates delivery of topical methotrexate (MTX). This study investigates impact of laser-channel depth on topical MTX-delivery. MATERIALS AND METHODS MTX (1% [w/v]) diffused for 21 hours through AFXL-exposed porcine skin in in vitro Franz Cells (n = 120). A 2,940 nm AFXL generated microscopic ablation zones (MAZs) into epidermis (11 mJ/channel, MAZ-E), superficial-dermis (26 mJ/channel, MAZ-DS), and mid-dermis (256 mJ/channel, MAZ-DM). High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to quantify MTX deposition in full-thickness skin, biodistribution profiles at specific skin levels, and transdermal permeation. Fluorescence microscopy was used to visualize UVC-activated MTX-fluorescence (254 nm) and semi-quantify MTX distribution in skin. RESULTS AFXL increased topical MTX-delivery (P < 0.001). Without laser exposure, MTX-concentration in full-thickness skin was 0.07 mg/cm(2) , increasing sixfold (MAZ-E), ninefold (MAZ-DS), and 11-fold (MAZ-DM) after AFXL (P < 0.001). Deeper MAZs increased MTX-concentrations in all skin layers (P < 0.038) and favored maximum accumulation in deeper skin layers (MAZ-E: 1.85 mg/cm(3) at 500 μm skin-level vs. MAZ-DM 3.75 mg/cm(3) at 800 μm, P = 0.002). Ratio of skin deposition versus transdermal permeation remained constant, regardless of MAZ depth (P = 0.172). Fluorescence intensities confirmed MTX biodistribution through coagulation zones and into surrounding skin, regardless of thickness of coagulation zones (6-47 μm, P ≥ 0.438). CONCLUSION AFXL greatly increases topical MTX-delivery. Deeper MAZs deliver higher MTX-concentrations than superficial MAZs, which indicates that laser channel depth may be important for topical delivery of hydrophilic molecules. Lasers Surg. Med. 48:519-529, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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Affiliation(s)
- E H Taudorf
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C M Lerche
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - A M Erlendsson
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - P A Philipsen
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - S H Hansen
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - C Janfelt
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - U Paasch
- Division of Dermatopathology, Aesthetics and Laserdermatology, Departments of Dermatology, University of Leipzig, Germany
| | - R R Anderson
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - M Haedersdal
- Department of Dermatology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.,Wellman Center for Photomedicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
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10
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Fuchs D, Gabel-Jensen C, Jensen H, Rand KD, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen SH, Petersen NJ. Direct coupling of a flow–flow electromembrane extraction probe to LC-MS. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 905:93-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2015.12.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 12/01/2015] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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Syed M, Skonberg C, Hansen SH. Mitochondrial toxicity of selective COX-2 inhibitors via inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) in rat liver mitochondria. Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 32:26-40. [PMID: 26689325 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2015] [Revised: 10/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/08/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) inhibitors (coxibs) are non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) designed to selectively inhibit COX-2. However, drugs of this therapeutic class are associated with drug induced liver injury (DILI) and mitochondrial injury is likely to play a role. The effects of selective COX-2 inhibitors on inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) in rat liver mitochondria were investigated. The order of potency of inhibition of ATP synthesis was: lumiracoxib (IC50: 6.48 ± 2.74 μM)>celecoxib (IC50: 14.92 ± 6.40 μM)>valdecoxib (IC50: 161.4 ± 28.6 μM)>rofecoxib (IC50: 238.4 ± 79.2 μM)>etoricoxib (IC50: 405.1 ± 116.3 μM). Mechanism based inhibition of ATP synthesis (Kinact 0.078 min(-1) and KI 21.46 μM and Kinact/KI ratio 0.0036 min(-1)μM(-1)) was shown by lumiracoxib and data suggest that the opening of the MPT pore may not be the mechanism of toxicity. A positive correlation (with r(2)=0.921) was observed between the potency of inhibition of ATP synthesis and the log P values. The in vitro metabolism of coxibs in rat liver mitochondria yielded for each drug substance a major single metabolite and identified a hydroxy metabolite with each of the coxibs and these metabolites did not alter the inhibition profile of ATP synthesis of the parent compound. The results suggest that coxibs themselves could be involved in the hepatotoxic action through inhibition of ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzeeb Syed
- Section of Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Skonberg
- Discovery ADME Department, Diabetes Pharmacology and Bioanalysis, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Section of Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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12
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Al-Qadi S, Schiøtt M, Hansen SH, Nielsen PA, Badolo L. An invertebrate model for CNS drug discovery: Transcriptomic and functional analysis of a mammalian P-glycoprotein ortholog. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2015; 1850:2439-51. [PMID: 26363463 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2015.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2015] [Revised: 07/28/2015] [Accepted: 09/02/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonia Al-Qadi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark; Faculty of Nursing, Pharmacy and Health professions, Birzeit University, PO Box 14, Birzeit, West Bank, Palestine. Telephone: +972-2-298-2000, Fax: +972-2-281-0656..
| | - Morten Schiøtt
- Centre for Social Evolution, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 15, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Peter Aadal Nielsen
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 København Ø, Denmark
| | - Lassina Badolo
- Division of Discovery Chemistry, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark; Division of Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics, H. Lundbeck A/S, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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13
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Syed M, Skonberg C, Hansen SH. Mitochondrial toxicity of diclofenac and its metabolites via inhibition of oxidative phosphorylation (ATP synthesis) in rat liver mitochondria: Possible role in drug induced liver injury (DILI). Toxicol In Vitro 2015; 31:93-102. [PMID: 26627130 DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2015.11.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2015] [Revised: 11/09/2015] [Accepted: 11/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Diclofenac is a widely prescribed NSAID, which by itself and its reactive metabolites (Phase-I and Phase-II) may be involved in serious idiosyncratic hepatotoxicity. Mitochondrial injury is one of the mechanisms of drug induced liver injury (DILI). In the present work, an investigation of the inhibitory effects of diclofenac (Dic) and its phase I [4-hydroxy diclofenac (4'-OH-Dic) and 5-hydroxy diclofenac (5-OH-dic)] and Phase-II [diclofenac acyl glucuronide (DicGluA) and diclofenac glutathione thioester (DicSG)] metabolites, on ATP synthesis in rat liver mitochondria was carried out. A mechanism based inhibition of ATP synthesis is exerted by diclofenac and its metabolites. Phase-I metabolite (4'-OH-Dic) and Phase-II metabolites (DicGluA and DicSG) showed potent inhibition (2-5 fold) of ATP synthesis, where as 5-OH-Dic, one of the Phase-I metabolite, was a less potent inhibitor as compared to Dic. The calculated kinetic constants of mechanism based inhibition of ATP synthesis by Dic showed maximal rate of inactivation (Kinact) of 2.64 ± 0.15 min(-1) and half maximal rate of inactivation (KI) of 7.69 ± 2.48 μM with Kinact/KI ratio of 0.343 min(-1) μM(-1). Co-incubation of mitochondria with Dic and reduced GSH exhibited a protective effect on Dic mediated inhibition of ATP synthesis. Our data from this study strongly indicate that Dic as well as its metabolites could be involved in the hepato-toxic action through inhibition of ATP synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzeeb Syed
- Section of Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
| | - Christian Skonberg
- ADME Department, Discovery Biology and Technology, Novo Nordisk A/S, Måløv, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Section of Analytical Biosciences, Department of Pharmacy, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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14
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Olsen LR, Gabel-Jensen C, Wubshet SG, Kongstad KT, Janfelt C, Badolo L, Hansen SH. Characterization of midazolam metabolism in locusts: the role of a CYP3A4-like enzyme in the formation of 1'-OH and 4-OH midazolam. Xenobiotica 2015. [PMID: 26207435 DOI: 10.3109/00498254.2015.1051604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
1. The metabolism of midazolam was investigated in vivo in locusts in order to evaluate the presence of an enzyme with functionality similar to human CYP3A4/5. 2. Hydroxylated metabolites of midazolam identical to human metabolites were detected in locusts and the apparent affinities (Km values) were in the same range as reported in humans (in locusts: 7-23 and 33-85 µM for the formation of the 1'-OH and 4-OH metabolites, respectively). 3. The formation of hydroxylated metabolites could successfully be inhibited by co-administration of ketoconazole, a known CYP3A4/5 inhibitor. 4. Besides phase I metabolites, a number of conjugated metabolites were detected using high-resolution mass spectrometry. The most abundant metabolites detected were structurally identified by (1)H NMR as two N-glucosides. NMR analysis strongly suggested that the glycosylation occurred at the two nitrogens (either one in each case) of the imidazole ring. 5. Distribution of midazolam and the glucose conjugates were successfully measured using desorption electrospray mass spectrometry imaging revealing time-dependent changes in distribution over time. 6. In conclusion, it appears that an enzyme with functionality similar to human CYP3A4/5 is present in locusts. However, it appears that conjugation with glucose is the main detoxification pathway of midazolam in locusts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sileshi Gizachew Wubshet
- b Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark , and
| | - Kenneth Thermann Kongstad
- b Department of Drug Design and Pharmacology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences , University of Copenhagen , Copenhagen , Denmark , and
| | | | - Lassina Badolo
- c Department of Discovery ADME , H. Lundbeck A/S , Valby , Denmark
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15
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Fuchs D, Jensen H, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Gabel-Jensen C, Hansen SH, Petersen NJ. Real Time Extraction Kinetics of Electro Membrane Extraction Verified by Comparing Drug Metabolism Profiles Obtained from a Flow–Flow Electro Membrane Extraction-Mass Spectrometry System with LC–MS. Anal Chem 2015; 87:5774-81. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.5b00981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Fuchs
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Gabel-Jensen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nickolaj Jacob Petersen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty
of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken
2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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16
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Schou-Pedersen AMV, Cornett C, Nyberg N, Østergaard J, Hansen SH. Structure elucidation and quantification of impurities formed between 6-aminocaproic acid and the excipients citric acid and sorbitol in an oral solution using high-resolution mass spectrometry and nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2015; 107:333-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2015.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2014] [Revised: 01/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/09/2015] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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17
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Hansen SH, Holmfred E, Cornett C, Maldonado C, Rønsted N. An Efficient, Robust, and Inexpensive Grinding Device for Herbal Samples like Cinchona Bark. Sci Pharm 2015; 83:369-76. [PMID: 26839823 PMCID: PMC4727819 DOI: 10.3797/scipharm.1410-14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 02/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
An effective, robust, and inexpensive grinding device for the grinding of herb samples like bark and roots was developed by rebuilding a commercially available coffee grinder. The grinder was constructed to be able to provide various particle sizes, to be easy to clean, and to have a minimum of dead volume. The recovery of the sample when grinding as little as 50 mg of crude Cinchona bark was about 60%. Grinding is performed in seconds with no rise in temperature, and the grinder is easily disassembled to be cleaned. The influence of the particle size of the obtained powders on the recovery of analytes in extracts of Cinchona bark was investigated using HPLC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Honoré Hansen
- Analytical Biosciences, Dept. of Pharmacy, Fac. of Health and Med. Sci., Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Else Holmfred
- Analytical Biosciences, Dept. of Pharmacy, Fac. of Health and Med. Sci., Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Claus Cornett
- Analytical Biosciences, Dept. of Pharmacy, Fac. of Health and Med. Sci., Univ. of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carla Maldonado
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Nina Rønsted
- Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
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18
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Busch J, Hansen SH, Hougen HP. Geographical distribution of torture: An epidemiological study of torture reported by asylum applicants examined at the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen. Torture 2015; 25:12-21. [PMID: 26932127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Using reports from 154 examinations of alleged torture victims among asylum applicants to Denmark conducted by the Department of Forensic Medicine, University of Copenhagen, between 2001 and 2013, we have categorized the victims into four geographical regions, as well as according to the conflict that caused them to flee. The torture incidents described by the victims were divided into 12 different categories defined by the Istanbul Protocol. These data were cross referenced in order to identify any differences in the prevalence of the 12 forms of torture. The study showed that crush injuries were only reported by refugees from Asia, including Afghanistan and Pakistan, and that incidents of electrical torture were reported twice as frequently by torture victims from Middle Eastern and North African countries, though it was lower among Iraqis, Iranians and ethnic Kurds. Sexual torture was reported by 78% of females and 25% of males.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Busch
- Section of Forensic Pathology at the University of Copenhagen. Correspondence to:
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19
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Kellner M, Porseryd T, Porsch-Hällström I, Hansen SH, Olsén KH. Environmentally relevant concentrations of citalopram partially inhibit feeding in the three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Aquat Toxicol 2015; 158:165-70. [PMID: 25438122 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.11.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2014] [Revised: 10/23/2014] [Accepted: 11/01/2014] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Selective Serotonin Re-uptake Inhibitors (SSRI) are mood-altering, psychotropic drugs commonly used in the treatment of depression and other psychological illnesses. Many of them are poorly degraded in sewage treatment plants and enter the environment unaltered. In laboratory studies, they have been demonstrated to affect a wide range of behaviours in aquatic organisms. In this study we investigated the effect of a three-week exposure to 0.15 and 1.5 μg/l of the SSRI citalopram dissolved in the ambient water on the feeding behaviour in three-spine stickleback (Gasterosteus aculeatus). Feeding, measured as the number of attacks performed on a piece of frozen bloodworms during a 10-min period, was reduced by 30-40% in fish exposed to both 0.15 and 1.5 μg/l citalopram. The effects of the environmentally relevant concentration 0.15 μg/l on feeding, an important fitness characteristic, suggests that the ecological significance of environmental SSRI exposure may be pronounced.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Kellner
- Department of Natural Sciences, Environment and Technology, Södertörn University, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden.
| | - T Porseryd
- Department of Natural Sciences, Environment and Technology, Södertörn University, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - I Porsch-Hällström
- Department of Natural Sciences, Environment and Technology, Södertörn University, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden
| | - S H Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - K H Olsén
- Department of Natural Sciences, Environment and Technology, Södertörn University, SE-14189 Huddinge, Sweden
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20
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Olsen LR, Hansen SH, Janfelt C. Distribution of terfenadine and its metabolites in locusts studied by desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry imaging. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 407:2149-58. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-8292-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/10/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
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21
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Liu J, Petersen NJ, Lee KF, Hansen SH, Lao L, Sze C, Zhang Y. Application of temperature-correlated mobility theory for optimizing the MEKC separation of the main lignans from Schisandra Chinensis Fructus and its prescription Yuye Decoction. Electrophoresis 2014; 35:2907-14. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201400007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2014] [Revised: 07/02/2014] [Accepted: 07/07/2014] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jingyi Liu
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
- Department of Pharmacy; University of Copenhagen; Copenhagen Denmark
| | | | - Kai-Fai Lee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | | | - Lixing Lao
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Chowing Sze
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
| | - Yanbo Zhang
- School of Chinese Medicine; The University of Hong Kong; Hong Kong P. R. China
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22
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Schou-Pedersen AMV, Hansen SH, Moesgaard B, Østergaard J. Kinetics of the Esterification of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients Containing Carboxylic Acid Functionality in Polyethylene Glycol: Formulation Implications. J Pharm Sci 2014; 103:2424-33. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.24062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2014] [Revised: 05/14/2014] [Accepted: 05/29/2014] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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23
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Andersson O, Badisco L, Hansen AH, Hansen SH, Hellman K, Nielsen PA, Olsen LR, Verdonck R, Abbott NJ, Vanden Broeck J, Andersson G. Characterization of a novel brain barrier ex vivo insect-based P-glycoprotein screening model. Pharmacol Res Perspect 2014; 2:e00050. [PMID: 25505597 PMCID: PMC4186439 DOI: 10.1002/prp2.50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2014] [Revised: 04/02/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In earlier studies insects were proposed as suitable models for vertebrate blood–brain barrier (BBB) permeability prediction and useful in early drug discovery. Here we provide transcriptome and functional data demonstrating the presence of a P-glycoprotein (Pgp) efflux transporter in the brain barrier of the desert locust (Schistocerca gregaria). In an in vivo study on the locust, we found an increased uptake of the two well-known Pgp substrates, rhodamine 123 and loperamide after co-administration with the Pgp inhibitors cyclosporine A or verapamil. Furthermore, ex vivo studies on isolated locust brains demonstrated differences in permeation of high and low permeability compounds. The vertebrate Pgp inhibitor verapamil did not affect the uptake of passively diffusing compounds but significantly increased the brain uptake of Pgp substrates in the ex vivo model. In addition, studies at 2°C and 30°C showed differences in brain uptake between Pgp-effluxed and passively diffusing compounds. The transcriptome data show a high degree of sequence identity of the locust Pgp transporter protein sequences to the human Pgp sequence (37%), as well as the presence of conserved domains. As in vertebrates, the locust brain–barrier function is morphologically confined to one specific cell layer and by using a whole-brain ex vivo drug exposure technique our locust model may retain the major cues that maintain and modulate the physiological function of the brain barrier. We show that the locust model has the potential to act as a robust and convenient model for assessing BBB permeability in early drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Andersson
- EntomoPharm, R&D Medicon Village, S-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | - Liesbeth Badisco
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | | | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karin Hellman
- EntomoPharm, R&D Medicon Village, S-223 81, Lund, Sweden
| | | | - Line Rørbæk Olsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen DK-2100, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Rik Verdonck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium
| | - N Joan Abbott
- BBB Group, Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London Franklin Wilkins Building, London, SE1 9NH, United Kingdom
| | - Jozef Vanden Broeck
- Department of Animal Physiology and Neurobiology, Katholieke Universiteit Leuven Leuven, Belgium
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24
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Olsen LR, Gabel-Jensen C, Nielsen PA, Hansen SH, Badolo L. Identification of a Functional Homolog of the Mammalian CYP3A4 in Locusts. Drug Metab Dispos 2014; 42:1153-62. [DOI: 10.1124/dmd.114.057430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
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25
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Li B, Petersen NJ, Payán MDR, Hansen SH, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Design and implementation of an automated liquid-phase microextraction-chip system coupled on-line with high performance liquid chromatography. Talanta 2014; 120:224-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2013] [Revised: 11/29/2013] [Accepted: 12/06/2013] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Nøhr MK, Hansen SH, Brodin B, Holm R, Nielsen CU. The absorptive flux of the anti-epileptic drug substance vigabatrin is carrier-mediated across Caco-2 cell monolayers. Eur J Pharm Sci 2014; 51:1-10. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2013.08.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Revised: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 08/25/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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27
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Syed M, Skonberg C, Hansen SH. Effect of some organic solvents on oxidative phosphorylation in rat liver mitochondria: Choice of organic solvents. Toxicol In Vitro 2013; 27:2135-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tiv.2013.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2013] [Revised: 08/13/2013] [Accepted: 09/11/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Dugstad HB, Petersen NJ, Jensen H, Gabel-Jensen C, Hansen SH, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Development and characterization of a small electromembrane extraction probe coupled with mass spectrometry for real-time and online monitoring of in vitro drug metabolism. Anal Bioanal Chem 2013; 406:421-9. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-013-7378-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2013] [Revised: 09/11/2013] [Accepted: 09/16/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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29
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Rosting C, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen SH, Janfelt C. High-throughput analysis of drugs in biological fluids by desorption electrospray ionizationmass spectrometry coupled with thin liquid membrane extraction. Analyst 2013; 138:5965-72. [DOI: 10.1039/c3an00544e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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30
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Gammelgaard B, Cornett C, Olsen J, Bendahl L, Hansen SH. Combination of LC-ICP-MS, LC-MS and NMR for investigation of the oxidative degradation of selenomethionine. Talanta 2013; 59:1165-71. [PMID: 18969007 DOI: 10.1016/s0039-9140(03)00026-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2002] [Revised: 12/13/2002] [Accepted: 12/20/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Selenomethionine (SeMet) was oxidized by heating an acidic solution with hydrogen peroxide. Samples were taken before and during the oxidation process. The oxidation products were separated by cation exchange chromatography followed by ICP-MS detection to identify the selenium containing compounds as well as electrospray ionization MS detection to determine the masses of the degradation products. Furthermore, the samples were analyzed by (77)Se-NMR. The first appearing degradation product was selenomethionine selenoxide, which was converted via the deaminated selenoxide to methane seleninic acid and selenite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bente Gammelgaard
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, The Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
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Andersson O, Hansen SH, Hellman K, Olsen LR, Andersson G, Badolo L, Svenstrup N, Nielsen PA. The grasshopper: a novel model for assessing vertebrate brain uptake. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2013; 346:211-8. [PMID: 23671124 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.113.205476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to develop a blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability model that is applicable in the drug discovery phase. The BBB ensures proper neural function, but it restricts many drugs from entering the brain, and this complicates the development of new drugs against central nervous system diseases. Many in vitro models have been developed to predict BBB permeability, but the permeability characteristics of the human BBB are notoriously complex and hard to predict. Consequently, one single suitable BBB permeability screening model, which is generally applicable in the early drug discovery phase, does not yet exist. A new refined ex vivo insect-based BBB screening model that uses an intact, viable whole brain under controlled in vitro-like exposure conditions is presented. This model uses intact brains from desert locusts, which are placed in a well containing the compound solubilized in an insect buffer. After a limited time, the brain is removed and the compound concentration in the brain is measured by conventional liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry. The data presented here include 25 known drugs, and the data show that the ex vivo insect model can be used to measure the brain uptake over the hemolymph-brain barrier of drugs and that the brain uptake shows linear correlation with in situ perfusion data obtained in vertebrates. Moreover, this study shows that the insect ex vivo model is able to identify P-glycoprotein (Pgp) substrates, and the model allows differentiation between low-permeability compounds and compounds that are Pgp substrates.
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32
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Staahl C, Upton R, Foster DJR, Christrup LL, Kristensen K, Hansen SH, Arendt-Nielsen L, Drewes AM. Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic Modeling of Morphine and Oxycodone Concentrations and Analgesic Effect in a Multimodal Experimental Pain Model. J Clin Pharmacol 2013; 48:619-31. [DOI: 10.1177/0091270008314465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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He Y, Wu Q, Hansen SH, Cornett C, Møller C, Lai P. Differentiation of tannin-containing herbal drugs by HPLC fingerprints. Pharmazie 2013; 68:155-159. [PMID: 23556331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
A new HPLC system coupled with multiple detectors - Diode array detector (DAD), fluorescence detector (FLD), electrochemical amperometric detector (ADC) and mass spectrometry detector (MSD) was developed for the characterization and differentiation of tannin-containing herbal drugs included in The European Pharmacopoeia. The HPLC separation system consisted of an Agilent ZORBAX Eclipse XDB C18 column and a gradient water and methanol as the mobile phase which was kept at a flow rate of 0.3 mL x min(-1). Four kinds of detectors were connected by a micro-splitter valve and simultaneously recorded the response of each analytical sample. Thirty-one samples from eight kinds of tannin-containing drugs were measured using this HPLC system and their signals from all detectors were comprehensively processed via principal component analysis (PCA). The statistic result demonstrates that thirty-one batches from different herbal drugs can be reasonably identified and systematically classified by their chemical fingerprints. The proposed multi-detector HPLC method aided by chemometrics not only offers a new pattern for the study of tannin-containing herbs, but also provides a useful foundation for quality control of herbal medicines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu He
- College of Pharmaceutical Science, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, China
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Domínguez NC, Gjelstad A, Nadal AM, Jensen H, Petersen NJ, Hansen SH, Rasmussen KE, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Selective electromembrane extraction at low voltages based on analyte polarity and charge. J Chromatogr A 2012; 1248:48-54. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2012.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 04/30/2012] [Accepted: 05/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Ramos Payán MD, Jensen H, Petersen NJ, Hansen SH, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. Liquid-phase microextraction in a microfluidic-chip – High enrichment and sample clean-up from small sample volumes based on three-phase extraction. Anal Chim Acta 2012; 735:46-53. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2012.05.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2012] [Revised: 05/02/2012] [Accepted: 05/03/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Janfelt C, Wellner N, Leger P, Kokesch‐Himmelreich J, Hansen SH, Charriaut‐Marlangue C, Hansen HS. Visualization by mass spectrometry of 2‐dimensional changes in rat brain lipids, including
N
‐acylphosphatidylethanolamines, during neonatal brain ischemia. FASEB J 2012; 26:2667-73. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.11-201152] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Christian Janfelt
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Niels Wellner
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Pierre‐Louis Leger
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U676Hôpital Robert DebréUniversite‐Denis Diderot‐Paris 7ParisFrance
| | | | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical ChemistryUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
| | - Christiane Charriaut‐Marlangue
- Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale (INSERM) U676Hôpital Robert DebréUniversite‐Denis Diderot‐Paris 7ParisFrance
| | - Harald Severin Hansen
- Department of Pharmacology and PharmacotherapyFaculty of Pharmaceutical SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenDenmark
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Thunig J, Flø L, Pedersen-Bjergaard S, Hansen SH, Janfelt C. Liquid-phase microextraction and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry for identification and quantification of basic drugs in human urine. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2012; 26:133-40. [PMID: 22173801 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.5315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Hollow fibre liquid-phase microextraction (LPME) and desorption electrospray ionization mass spectrometry (DESI-MS) were evaluated for the identification and quantification of basic drugs in human urine samples. The selective extraction capabilities of three-phase LPME provided a significant reduction in the matrix effects otherwise observed in direct DESI-MS analysis of urine samples. Aqueous LPME extracts (in 10 mM HCl) were deposited on porous Teflon, dried at room temperature, and the dried spots were then analyzed directly with DESI-MS in full scan mode. Pethidine, diphenhydramine, nortriptyline, and methadone were used as model compounds for identification, and their limits of identification were determined to be 100, 25, 100, and 30 ng/mL, respectively. In a reliability test with 19 spiked urine samples, 100% of the positive samples containing the model drugs in concentrations at or above the limit of identification were identified. Diphenhydramine was used as a model compound for quantitative analysis with diphenhydramine-d(5) as an internal standard. The calibration curve was linear in the range 50-2000 ng/mL (R(2) = 0.992) with a limit of quantification at approximately 140 ng/mL. The intra- and inter-day relative standard deviations were <9.5%. In a reliability test with six spiked urine samples, deviations between the measured and the true values for diphenhydramine were in the range 0.2-22.9%.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Thunig
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, Copenhagen 2100, Denmark
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Andersen G, Sjøgren P, Hansen SH, Jensen NH, Christrup L. Pharmacological consequences of long-term morphine treatment in patients with cancer and chronic non-malignant pain. Eur J Pain 2012; 8:263-71. [PMID: 15109977 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpain.2003.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2003] [Accepted: 09/22/2003] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In patients with pain of malignant origin morphine may be administered in high and often increasing doses during extended periods of time. In patients with chronic pain of non-malignant origin morphine may be an important remedy, and in these cases the goal is to keep the morphine dose stable. The pharmacokinetic as well as the pharmacodynamic consequences of long-term morphine treatment with special reference to the two most important metabolites of morphine morphine-6-glucuronide (M-6-G) and morphine-3-glucuronide (M-3-G) remain to be settled. METHODS Assessments for pain, sedation and other morphine induced side effects were made several times for 19 cancer patients treated with changing doses of oral sustained release (SR) morphine and twice for 17 non-cancer patients treated with stable doses of SR morphine. Blood samples were obtained simultaneously and analysed for contents of morphine, M-3-G and M-6-G by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). RESULTS Significant correlations were found between the daily dose of SR morphine and plasma morphine (r = 0.469, p < 0.01), plasma M-6-G (r = 0.677, p < 0.01), and plasma M-3-G ((r = 0.827, p < 0.01), in the cancer patient group, but only between the daily dose of SR morphine and plasma M-3-G (0.662, p < 0.01) and plasma M-6-G (0.571, p < 0.01) in the non-cancer patient group. Normalised M-3-G/M and M-6-G/M ratios for the cancer patient group were independent of duration of treatment and daily dose of SR morphine. Likewise in the non-cancer patient group duration of treatment did not influence the metabolite ratios. Correlations between pain score and plasma morphine, M-6-G and M-6-G/M were weak in the cancer patient as well as in the non-cancer patient group making it impossible to draw any conclusion regarding the potential contributory analgesic effect of M-6-G. Dryness of the mouth was the most frequent adverse effect reported in the non-cancer as well as the cancer patient group. In the latter group patients complaining of dryness of the mouth had significantly higher plasma morphine and M-6-G concentrations than patients who did not suffer from this side effect. This difference persisted (or was close to significance) when excluding patients receiving antidepressants. CONCLUSION In the cancer patient group neither dose nor treatment period seems to influence morphine glucuronidation. Likewise in the non-cancer patient group receiving stable doses of morphine duration of treatment does not seem to influence morphine glucuronidation. Dryness of the mouth was positively correlated to high plasma concentrations of morphine and M-6-G.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gertrud Andersen
- Multidisciplinary Pain Centre, Herlev University Hospital, Herlev 2730, Denmark.
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Petersen NJ, Pedersen JS, Poulsen NN, Jensen H, Skonberg C, Hansen SH, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. On-chip electromembrane extraction for monitoring drug metabolism in real time by electrospray ionization mass spectrometry. Analyst 2012; 137:3321-7. [DOI: 10.1039/c2an35264h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Larsen SW, Frost AB, Østergaard J, Thomsen MH, Jacobsen S, Skonberg C, Hansen SH, Jensen HE, Larsen C. In vitro and in vivo characteristics of celecoxib in situ formed suspensions for intra-articular administration. J Pharm Sci 2011; 100:4330-7. [DOI: 10.1002/jps.22630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2010] [Revised: 07/02/2010] [Accepted: 04/27/2011] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Nielsen PA, Andersson O, Hansen SH, Simonsen KB, Andersson G. Models for predicting blood–brain barrier permeation. Drug Discov Today 2011; 16:472-5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2011.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2010] [Revised: 02/09/2011] [Accepted: 04/04/2011] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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Campbell-Tofte JIA, Mølgaard P, Josefsen K, Abdallah Z, Hansen SH, Cornett C, Mu H, Richter EA, Petersen HW, Nørregaard JC, Winther K. Randomized and double-blinded pilot clinical study of the safety and anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus tea, as used in Nigerian traditional medicine. J Ethnopharmacol 2011; 133:402-411. [PMID: 20955771 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2010.10.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2010] [Revised: 09/18/2010] [Accepted: 10/06/2010] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this randomized and double blinded pilot clinical trial was to investigate the anti-diabetic efficacy of the Rauvolfia-Citrus (RC) tea in humans. We have earlier shown that a combination of calorie-restriction and chronic administration of the RC tea to the genetic diabetic (BKS-db) mice resulted in the normalization of blood sugar, reduction in lipid accumulated in the mice eyes and prevention of the degeneration of the otherwise brittle BKS-db pancreas. The tea is made by boiling foliage of Rauvolfia vomitoria and fruits of Citrus aurantium and is used to treat diabetes in Nigerian folk medicine. MATERIALS AND METHODS The RC tea was produced using the Nigerian traditional recipe and tested in the traditional dosage on 23 Danish type 2 diabetes (T2D) patients. The participants were divided into two equivalent groups after stratification by sex, age and BMI, in a 4-month double-blinded, placebo-controlled and randomized clinical trial. Most of the study subjects (19/23) were using oral anti-diabetic agents (OADs). Mean disease duration was 6±4.6 years, mean age was 64±7 years and mean BMI was 28.7±3.8 kg/m(2). Prior to starting the treatment, the participants received individual dietician consultations. RESULTS At the end of the 4-month treatment period, the treated group showed an 11% decrease in 2-h postprandial plasma glucose relative to the 3% increase in the placebo group (p=0.004). The improvement in blood glucose clearance with RC tea treatment was reflected in a 6% reduction in HbA(1c) (p=0.02) and in a 10% reduction in fasting plasma glucose (p=0.02), when comparing the post 4-month treatment to pre-treatment baseline values. Though the basal levels of phosphorylated acetyl CoA carboxylase enzyme in skeletal muscle were significantly reduced in the treated group (p=0.04), as compared to the placebo, only the pattern of reductions in the tissue fatty acids (FAs) differed in the two groups. While all types of FAs were reduced in placebo, only saturated (SFA) and monounsaturated (MUFA) FAs were reduced with treatment. Interestingly, a modest increase in the polyunsaturated FAs fraction was observed in the RC treated group. In addition, the reduction in SFA and MUFA with RC tea treatment came solely from the triglyceride fractions, as there was an increase in the skeletal muscle phospholipids. CONCLUSIONS Chronic administration of the RC tea to overweight T2D on OADs caused significant improvements in markers of glycaemic control and modifications to the fatty acid profile of skeletal muscle, without adverse effects or hypoglycaemia. Further exploration of the anti-diabetic effects of the RC tea is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joan I A Campbell-Tofte
- Dept. of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Universtitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Petersen NJ, Foss ST, Jensen H, Hansen SH, Skonberg C, Snakenborg D, Kutter JP, Pedersen-Bjergaard S. On-Chip Electro Membrane Extraction with Online Ultraviolet and Mass Spectrometric Detection. Anal Chem 2010; 83:44-51. [DOI: 10.1021/ac1027148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nickolaj Jacob Petersen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Sunniva Taule Foss
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Henrik Jensen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Christian Skonberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Detlef Snakenborg
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Jörg P. Kutter
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Stig Pedersen-Bjergaard
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark, School of Pharmacy, University of Oslo, Post Office Box 1068 Blindern, 0316 Oslo, Norway, and Department of Micro- and Nanotechnology, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Lyngby, Denmark
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Yu H, Cornett C, Larsen J, Hansen SH. Reaction between drug substances and pharmaceutical excipients: Formation of esters between cetirizine and polyols. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2010; 53:745-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2010.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2009] [Revised: 04/30/2010] [Accepted: 05/04/2010] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Diep TA, Madsen AN, Holst B, Kristiansen MM, Wellner N, Hansen SH, Hansen HS. Dietary fat decreases intestinal levels of the anorectic lipids through a fat sensor. FASEB J 2010; 25:765-74. [PMID: 20959516 DOI: 10.1096/fj.10-166595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the link between dietary fat content and intestinal levels of anorectic N-acylethanolamines (NAEs), including oleoylethanolamide (OEA), palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), and linoleoylethanolamide (LEA). Male rats were fed high-fat diets (HFDs) with variable percentages of fat [20-45% of total energy (E%)] for 1-7 d; afterward, the jejunums were isolated, and jejunal NAE levels were measured by liquid-chromatography mass spectrometry. Enzyme activities and mRNA expression levels were measured for two synthesizing enzymes, N-acylphosphatidylethanolamine-specific phospholipase D (NAPE-PLD) and glycerophosphodiesterase (GDE1), and one degrading enzyme, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH). We found a dose-response relation between the quantity/percentage of dietary fat, irrespective of the energy density, and the reduction of intestinal levels of OEA, PEA, and LEA. The reductions were present after 1 d of 45E% HFD. LEA, the major NAE species, was shown to have an anorectic potency slightly less than that of OEA but higher than PEA. Regulation at the enzyme level seems not to explain the changes in NAE levels. The results suggest the presence of a fat sensor, mediating the reduced intestinal NAE levels. The intestinal NAE levels are reduced in a dose- and time-dependent manner in response to dietary fat intake, and this may contribute to the well-known hyperphagic effect of HFDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thi Ai Diep
- Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacotheraphy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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García Ortiz P, Hansen SH, Shah VP, Sonne J, Benfeldt E. Are marketed topical metronidazole creams bioequivalent? Evaluation by in vivo microdialysis sampling and tape stripping methodology. Skin Pharmacol Physiol 2010; 24:44-53. [PMID: 20847588 DOI: 10.1159/000320151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2009] [Accepted: 08/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the bioequivalence of 3 marketed topical metronidazole formulations by simultaneous dermal microdialysis and stratum corneum sampling by the tape stripping methodology, and to compare the techniques as tools for the determination of bioequivalence. METHODS Nine microdialysis probes were inserted in the volar aspect of the left forearm of 14 healthy volunteers and, following application of the 3 metronidazole creams, microdialysis samples were collected for 5 h. On the right forearm, tape strip sampling was performed 30 and 120 min after product application. At the end of the experiment, ultrasound scanning measurements confirmed that all probes were placed inside the dermis. RESULTS There was no statistical difference in penetration of the 3 topicals as determined by microdialysis. However, their bioequivalence could not be determined due to intersubject variability exceeding the criteria for bioequivalence evaluation. Tape strip sampling established a bioequivalence between 2 of the creams, but rejected any bioequivalence between these 2 formulations and the third. The third formulation was a generic formulation approved despite containing a lower concentration of metronidazole (0.75%) than the innovator formulation (1.0%). The result of the bioequivalence evaluation depends on the methodology employed. CONCLUSION Whenever the dermis is the target tissue, microdialysis provides the most relevant information on drug bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García Ortiz
- Department of Dermato-allergology, University of Copenhagen, Gentofte Hospital, Niels Andersens Vej 65, Hellerup, Denmark.
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Lindegaard C, Frost AB, Thomsen MH, Larsen C, Hansen SH, Andersen PH. Pharmacokinetics of intra-articular morphine in horses with lipopolysaccharide-induced synovitis. Vet Anaesth Analg 2010; 37:186-95. [PMID: 20230569 DOI: 10.1111/j.1467-2995.2010.00526.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the pharmacokinetics of intra-articularly (IA) administered morphine. STUDY DESIGN Experimental randomized, cross-over study. ANIMALS Eight adult healthy mixed breed horses aged 6.5 +/- 2.3 (mean +/- SD) years and weighing 535 +/- 86 kg. METHODS Unilateral radiocarpal synovitis was induced by IA injection of 3 microg lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on two occasions (right and left radiocarpal joint, respectively) separated by a 3-week wash-out period. Treatments were administered 4 hours post-LPS-injection: Treatment IA; preservative free morphine IA (0.05 mg kg(-1)) plus saline intravenous (IV) and treatment IV; saline IA plus preservative free morphine IV (0.05 mg kg(-1)). Concentrations of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) were determined repeatedly in serum and synovial fluid (SF) by high-performance liquid chromatography mass spectrometry, at 2 and 4 hours and then at 4 hours intervals until 28 hours post-treatment. RESULTS Injection of LPS elicited a marked and comparable synovitis in all LPS-injected radiocarpal joints. IA administered morphine was detectable in SF of all eight joints 24 hours post-treatment and in 6/8 joints 28 hours post-treatment. The terminal half-life of morphine in SF was estimated to be 2.6 hours. IA administration of morphine resulted in mean serum concentrations of morphine below 5 ng mL(-1) from 2 to 28 hours after treatment. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE Intra-articularly administered morphine remained within the joint for at least 24 hours. At the same time only very low serum concentrations of morphine and M6G were detected. The present results suggest that IA morphine at 0.05 mg kg(-1) may be used for IA analgesia lasting at least 24 hours and give strong support to the theory that previously observed analgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of IA morphine in horses are most likely to be mediated peripherally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Casper Lindegaard
- Department of Large Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Højbakkegård Allé 5, Building 8.68. DK-2630 Taastrup, Denmark.
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Abstract
N-acylethanolamines (NAEs) are a group of lipid mediators synthesized in response to a number of physiological and pathological stimuli. Because of the low tissue concentrations of NAEs, analyses often include liquid extraction followed by solid-phase extraction and subsequent quantitation by LC/MS or GC/MS. Reported levels of NAEs vary considerably, however, and often no explanation is given for these discrepancies. Brought on by difficulties encountered during method development, the effects of using four different brands of silica-containing solid phase extraction (SPE) columns and five different brands of chloroform for sample preparation were investigated. Considerable variation in the retention and recoveries of seven NAEs and 2-arachidonoylglycerol existed between the SPE columns. Furthermore, it was found that some chloroforms contained quantifiable amounts of N-palmitoylethanolamine and N-stearoylethanolamine. Finally, it was found that use of one of the chloroforms resulted in a loss of N-oleoylethanolamine from solution due to addition of chlorine to the ω-9 bond. The identity of this reaction product was confirmed by LC-MS/MS and NMR. It is recommended that these aspects of sample preparation and analysis should be thoroughly validated during method development and the relevant information on specific brands used be reported in future communications in order to better estimate the validity of reported quantitative data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Skonberg
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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Jamali B, Bjørnsdottir I, Cornett C, Honoré Hansen S. Investigation of a dual CD chiral CE system for separation of glitazone compounds. Electrophoresis 2010; 30:2853-61. [PMID: 19650045 DOI: 10.1002/elps.200800812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
A dual CD-CE method for chiral separation of enantiomers of pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and balaglitazone was investigated for the purpose of optimizing the chiral separation. In a previous work a dual CD chiral CE method was used for investigation of glitazone compounds in drug substance and pharmaceutical formulation and the studies showed that all studied glitazones were racemic mixtures. This CE method could separate the enantiomers with a resolution (R(S)) of about 3. However, another study on single glitazone enantiomers pointed out that a higher R(S) is needed to achieve more accurate results for separation of a small amount of one enantiomer in the presence of a high amount of the other enantiomers. The focus of this investigation was thus directed toward the effect of CDs and the pH of the running buffer to achieve a better enantioseparation. Initially CE systems with each of heptakis(2,6-di-O-methyl)-beta-CD (DM-beta-CD) and heptakis(6-sulfobutylether)-beta-CD (SB-beta-CD) as single CD added were investigated at three different pH values (2.5, 5.0 and 9.3). After having chosen the best of these three pH values a dual CD system was further investigated and optimized. The optimization work was then focused on the concentration of the two CDs and the pH of the running buffer and was performed using factorial design experiments. A mixture of a DM-beta-CD and SB-beta-CD was found to be optimal and necessary to achieve enantioseparation with sufficiently high R(S). In order to further verify the importance of the SB-beta-CD, a CE system with the DM-beta-CD added and substitution or partial substitution of the SB-beta-CD by SDS was studied for comparison. (1)H-NMR studies were performed to get a more detailed understanding of the interactions between the glitazones and the CDs used.The optimized dual CD-CE method for chiral separation of the enantiomers of pioglitazone, rosiglitazone and balaglitazone using a running buffer containing 50 mM borate buffer pH 9.7, 12 mM of SB-beta-CD and 3 mM of DM-beta-CD provided a high R(S) (R(S) between 5.5 and 8.8).
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Affiliation(s)
- Babak Jamali
- Formulation & Analytical Development, CMC Analysis & Formulation, Bagsvaerd, Denmark.
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Abstract
In present time the use or misuse of morphine and its derivatives are monitored by assaying the presence of the drug and its metabolites in biofluids. In the present review, focus is placed on the sample preparation and on the separation techniques used in the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine and its major metabolites. However, as methods for testing the misuse of heroin, a morphine derivative, often involve bioanalytical methods that cover a number of other illicit drug substances, such methods are also included in the review. Furthermore, the review also includes bioanalysis in a broader perspective as analysis of plant materials, cell cultures and environmental samples. The review is not intended to cover all publications that include bioanalysis of morphine but is more to be considered a view into the current best practices of bioanalysis of morphine, its metabolites and other related substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Steen Honoré Hansen
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Analytical Chemsitry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark.
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