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Shahbaz F, Muccee F, Shahab A, Safi SZ, Alomar SY, Qadeer A. Isolation and in vitro assessment of chicken gut microbes for probiotic potential. Front Microbiol 2024; 15:1278439. [PMID: 38348194 PMCID: PMC10860760 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2024.1278439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024] Open
Abstract
Poultry production occupies an important place in the economy of any country. High broiler production in recent years has badly affected its profitability due to bad feed quality, excessive use of chemotherapeutic agents, emergence of diverse pathogens, and the deficiencies in management practices during rearing cycle. Microbiological improvement of the meat quality using potential probiotics can be beneficial for broiler farming. Present study was initiated to isolate chicken gastrointestinal tract (GIT) bacteria with probiotic potential. To isolate probiotics from chicken gut, alimentary canal of chickens of known sizes and ages was suspended in ringers soln. Under shaking conditions for overnight followed by serial dilutions of ringers soln. Bacterial isolates were analyzed via growth curve analysis, biochemical testing using RapID™ NF Plus Panel kit, molecular characterization, antimicrobial activity assay, antibiotic sensitivity assay, GIT adherence assay, bile salt and gastric acid resistant assay, and cholesterol assimilation assay. Four bacteria isolated in present study were identified as Limosilactobacillus antri strain PUPro1, Lactobacillus delbrueckii strain PUPro2, Lacticaseibacillus casei strain PUPro3, and Ligilactobacillus salivarius strain PUPro4. L. delbrueckii strain PUPro2 grew extremely fast. All isolates exhibited exceptional resistance to increasing concentrations of NaCl and bile salts with value of p >0.5. L. delbrueckii strain PUPro2 adhered to chicken ileum epithelial cells and demonstrated the highest viable counts of 320 colony forming units (CFUs). Antagonistic action was found in all isolates against P. aeruginosa, B. subtilis, B. proteus, and S. aureus, with value of p >0.5. Antibiotic susceptibility testing showed sensitivity to all the antibiotics used. Cholesterol assimilation was detected in all bacteria, with values ranging from 216.12 to 192.2 mg/dL. All isolates exhibited γ-hemolysis. In future, these bacteria might be tested for their impact on broilers meat quality and growth and can be recommended for their use as supplements for broilers diet with positive impact on poultry production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatima Shahbaz
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Fatima Muccee
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Aansa Shahab
- School of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, MAHSA University, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdul Qadeer
- Department of Cell Biology, School of Life Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, China
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2
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Ali A, Naveed A, Maroń A, Younis MA, Moradian JM, Yousaf B, Aziz T, Ali RN, Ahmad N, Alomar SY, Zheqiang F, Guo L. Copolymerization of ethylene and isoprene via silicon bridge metallocene [rac-Me 2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind) 2ZrCl 2] catalyst: A new way to control the composition and microstructure of copolymers. Chemosphere 2024; 347:140700. [PMID: 37977533 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2023] [Revised: 10/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The copolymerization of ethylene (E) with isoprene (Ip) was performed catalyzed by a symmetrical catalyst exhibiting a silicon bridge [rac-Me2Si(2-Me-4-Ph-Ind)2ZrCl2 with the combination of borate/TIBA activator. The effect of cocatalyst, Ip concentration, and polymerization temperature on the activity, molecular weight (Mw), distribution (MWD), comonomer composition, chain structure (regio- and stereoselectivity), and resulting side reactions were logically addressed. Gel-permeation chromatography (GPC) was used to characterize the Mw and polydispersity, while nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) was employed for the chain structure of the polymers. The catalytic activity was significantly lower by increasing the Ip concentration in the feed, and the isoprene content in resulting polymers was lower under the reaction condition, leading to higher activity. Insertion of isoprene units in polymer structure demonstrates the higher regioselectivity for the 3,4 connections than the 1,4 connections and is expected to be a high-resistance polymer against acids. The MWD presented monomodal even with a higher concentration (1.44 mol/L) and did not appear as low Mw peaks of Ip. The Mw was higher with a broader MWD when purely TIBA was used as a cocatalyst, and it significantly reduced and presented a narrowed MWD with TEA in the cocatalyst. The higher efficiency of the catalyst for the higher insertion of Ip (C=C double bond) effectively modifies the polymer backbone. It is expected to be a promising candidate for easily degradable and favorable solutions for solving environmental problems caused by PE. wastes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amjad Ali
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China; Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice, 40-600, Poland; MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Ahmad Naveed
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
| | - Anna Maroń
- Institute of Chemistry, University of Silesia, Szkolna 9, Katowice, 40-600, Poland
| | - Muhammad Adnan Younis
- Institute of Microscale Optoelectronics, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, PR China
| | | | - Balal Yousaf
- Department of Technologies and Installations for West Management, Faculty of Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 18, 44-100, Gliwice, Poland
| | - Tariq Aziz
- School of Engineering Yunqi Campus, Westlake University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, 310024, PR China
| | - Rai Nauman Ali
- Laboratory of Inorganic Materials for Sustainable Energy Technologies, Mohammed IV Polytechnic University, Benguirer, Morocco
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, 11451, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Fan Zheqiang
- MOE Key Laboratory of Macromolecular Synthesis and Functionalization, Department of Polymer Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, PR China
| | - Li Guo
- School of Materials Science & Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, PR China.
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Akram N, Afzaal M, Saeed F, Ahmad A, Imran A, Ahmed A, Shah YA, Islam F, Alomar SY, Manoharadas S, Nawaz A. Fabrication and Characterization of PVA-WPI Based Nanofiber Mats for Improved Viability of Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. Foods 2023; 12:3904. [PMID: 37959023 PMCID: PMC10648975 DOI: 10.3390/foods12213904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2023] [Revised: 10/09/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the current study, whey protein-based nanofibers were fabricated to encapsulate Lactobacillus rhamnosus. Purposely, different ratios of PVA (polyvinyl alcohol) and WPI (whey protein isolate) were blended to fabricate nanofibers. Nanofiber mats were characterized in terms of particle size, diameter, tensile strength, elongation at break, and loading efficiency. Morphological and molecular characterizations were carried out using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR). Moreover, in vitro viability under simulated gastrointestinal (GI) conditions and thermal stability were also assessed. The results reveal that by increasing the PVA concentration, the conductivity increased while the viscosity decreased. SEM micrographs showed that probiotics were successfully loaded within the nanofiber. The FTIR spectra show strong bonding between the encapsulating materials with the addition of probiotics. In vitro and thermal analyses revealed that the survival of encapsulated probiotics significantly (p < 0.05) improved. In a nutshell, PVA-WPI composite nanofibers have promising potential when used to enhance the viability and stability of probiotics under adverse conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noor Akram
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Muhammad Afzaal
- Food Safety and Biotechnology Lab, Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.S.); (A.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Farhan Saeed
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.S.); (A.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Adnan Ahmad
- Research School of Chemistry, Australian National University, Canberra 2601, Australia;
| | - Ali Imran
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.S.); (A.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Aftab Ahmed
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan;
| | - Yasir Abbas Shah
- Natural and Medical Science Research Center, University of Nizwa, Nizwa 616, Oman;
| | - Fakhar Islam
- Department of Food Science, Government College University Faisalabad, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan; (F.S.); (A.I.); (F.I.)
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Salim Manoharadas
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Asad Nawaz
- Hunan Engineering Technology Research Center for Comprehensive Development and Utilization of Biomass Resources, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Hunan University of Science and Engineering, Yongzhou 425199, China
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Alqahtani B, Daghestani M, Omair MA, Alhamad EH, Tashkandy Y, Othman N, Al Shahrani K, Paramasivam MP, Alenzi F, Halwani R, Alkhulaifi FM, Alomar SY. Association of Inflammatory Cytokine Levels with Extra Glandular Manifestations, Fatigue, and Disease Activity in Primary Sjögren's Syndrome in Saudi Patients: A Cross-Sectional Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2023; 13:3036. [PMID: 37835779 PMCID: PMC10572739 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics13193036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is an autoimmune disease that can cause fatigue and extraglandular manifestations (EGMs). pSS is associated with cytokine network dysregulation, which may be related to the immune-mediated destruction of exocrine glands. OBJECTIVE We determined cytokine levels and their relationship to EGMs, the European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) Sjögren's syndrome disease activity index (ESSDAI), and fatigue in Saudi patients with pSS. METHODS This study was a cross-sectional, single-center study. We included forty-one patients and 71 controls. Serum samples were collected from random healthy people and pSS patients who were followed in the rheumatology and pulmonary clinics of King Saud University Medical City in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. Levels of the frequently studied cytokines were measured using Luminex xMAP technology. Each ESSDAI score and EGM were recorded, and the Arabic version of the fatigue severity scale (FSS) was applied to assess fatigue. The main outcome measures were cytokine levels in pSS Saudi patients using/not using immune-suppressive medications (ISMs). RESULTS Thirty-six (87.8%) patients had one or more EGMs, and the mean ESSDAI score was 9.95 ± 7.73. There was a significant decrease in TNFα and IL-21 levels in the pSS group compared to those in the control group (p = 0.034 and p < 0.001, respectively), whereas IL-12 levels were significantly elevated in the pSS group (p = 0.002). Cytokine levels in patients who used ISMs were the same as those in patients who did not use medications. Decreased IL-1β (p = 0.014), IL-2 (p = 0.035), IL-6 (p = 0.014), and IL-35 (p = 0.010) levels were observed in patients who had EGMs. Patients who had low disease activity exhibited low IL-10 (p = 0.018) and high IFN-α (p = 0.049), IFN-β (p = 0.049), IL-1β (p = 0.006), and IL-35 (p = 0.032) levels compared to patients with high disease activity. A negative association between a positive fatigue score and IL-1β (p = 0.010), IL-2 (p = 0.037), IFN-α (p = 0.025), TNFα (p = 0.030), IL-17 (p = 0.029), IL-12 (p = 0.046), and IL-21 (p = 0.005) levels was found. CONCLUSIONS Cytokine profiles correlate with EGMs, ESSDAI, and fatigue. Patients with controlled disease activity have a normal cytokine profile that is similar to that of controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bashaer Alqahtani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Maha Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (M.D.)
| | - Mohammed A. Omair
- Rheumatology Unit, Department of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Esam H. Alhamad
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Yusra Tashkandy
- Department of Statistics and Operations Research, College of Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Nashwa Othman
- Central Laboratory, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Khalid Al Shahrani
- Rheumatology Division, Department of Medicine, Ad Diriyah Hospital, Ministry of Health, Riyadh 13717, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Muthurajan P. Paramasivam
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fahidah Alenzi
- Department of Clinical Science, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh 11671, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Rabih Halwani
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research (SIMR), College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates;
| | - Fadwa M. Alkhulaifi
- Biology Department, College of Science, Imam Abdulrahman bin Faisal University, Dammam 34212, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (B.A.); (M.D.)
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Mumtaz L, Farid A, Yousef Alomar S, Ahmad N, Nawaz A, Andleeb S, Amin A. Assesment of polyphenolic compounds against biofilms produced by clinical Acinetobacter baumannii strains using in silico and in vitro models. Saudi J Biol Sci 2023; 30:103743. [PMID: 37564783 PMCID: PMC10410175 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Several types of microbial infections are caused by Acinetobacter baumanii that has developed resistance to antimicrobial agents. We therefore investigated the role of plant polyphenols against A. baumannii using in silico and in vitro models. The clinical strains of A. baumannii were investigated for determination of resistance pattern and resistance mechanisms including efflux pump, extended spectrum beta lactamase, phenotype detection of AmpC production, and Metallo-β-lactamase. The polyphenolic compounds were docked against transcription regulator BfmR (PDB ID 6BR7) and antimicrobial, antibiofilm, and anti-quorum sensing activities were performed. The antibiogram studies showed that all isolated strains were resistant. Strain A77 was positive in Metallo-β-lactamase production. Similarly, none of strains were producers of AmpC, however, A77, A76, A75 had active efflux pumps. Molecular docking studies confirmed a strong binding affinity of Rutin and Catechin towards transcription regulator 6BR7. A significant antimicrobial activity was recorded in case of quercetin and syringic acid (MIC 3.1 µg/mL) followed by vanillic acid and caffeic acid (MIC 12.5 µg/mL). All tested compounds presented a strong antibiofilm activity against A. baumanii strain A77 (65 to 90%). It was concluded that all tested polyphenols samples posess antimicrobial and antibiofilm activities, and hence they may be utilized to treat multidrug resistance A. baumannii infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laraib Mumtaz
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology(GCBB), Gomal University, KPK, 29050 D.I.Khan, Pakistan
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Arshad Farid
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology(GCBB), Gomal University, KPK, 29050 D.I.Khan, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Saadia Andleeb
- Atta Ur Rehman School of Biological Sciences, National University of Science and Technology, Islamabad Pakistan
| | - Adnan Amin
- Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, D.I.Khan 29050, Pakistan
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Hafeez R, Kanwal Z, Raza MA, Rasool S, Riaz S, Naseem S, Rabani S, Haider I, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. Role of Citrullus colocynthis and Psidium guajava Mediated Green Synthesized Silver Nanoparticles in Disease Resistance against Aeromonas hydrophila Challenge in Labeo rohita. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2349. [PMID: 37760791 PMCID: PMC10525728 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 08/13/2023] [Accepted: 08/16/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of metallic nanoparticles is an auspicious method of preparing nanoparticles using plant extracts that have lesser toxicity to animal cells and the host. In the present work, we analyzed the antibacterial activity of Citrullus colocynthis and Psidium guajava-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cc-AgNPs and Pg-AgNPs, respectively) against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in an in vivo assay employing Labeo rohita (L. rohita). L. rohita were divided into six groups for both Cc-AgNPs and Pg-AgNPs treatments separately: Control, A. hydrophila infected, A. hydrophila + Ampicillin, A. hydrophila + Cc/Pg-AgNPs (25 µg/L), A. hydrophila + Cc/Pg-AgNPs (50 µg/L), and A. hydrophila + Cc/Pg-AgNPs (75 µg/L). Changes in different bio-indicators such as hematological, histological, oxidative stress, and cytokine analysis were observed. Interestingly, the infected fish treated with both types of AgNPs (Cc-AgNPs and Pg-AgNPs) exhibited a higher survival rate than the untreated infected fish and demonstrated signs of recovery from the infection, providing a compelling indication of the positive impact of phytosynthesized AgNPs. Disruptions in hematological and histological parameters were found in the infected fish. Both Cc-AgNPs and Pg-AgNPs showed recovery on the hematological and histological parameters. Analysis of oxidative stress and cytokine markers also revealed provoking evidence of the positive impact of Cc-AgNPs and Pg-AgNPs treatment against disease progression in the infected fish. The major finding of the study was that the higher concentrations of the nanoparticles (50 µg/L in the case of Cc-AgNPs and 75 µg/L in the case of Pg-AgNPs) were more effective in fighting against disease. In conclusion, our work presents novel insights for the use of green-synthesized AgNPs as economic and innocuous antibacterial candidates in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ramsha Hafeez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Muhammad Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shafqat Rasool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (M.A.R.); (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shifa Rabani
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (R.H.); (S.R.)
| | - Imran Haider
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
- Department of Soil, Plant and Food Sciences, Section of Plant Genetics and Breeding, University of Bari Aldo Moro, 70121 Bari, Italy
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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Raza MA, Kanwal Z, Riaz S, Amjad M, Rasool S, Naseem S, Abbas N, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. In-Vivo Bactericidal Potential of Mangifera indica Mediated Silver Nanoparticles against Aeromonas hydrophila in Cirrhinus mrigala. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2272. [PMID: 37626768 PMCID: PMC10452189 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11082272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study reports the green synthesis of silver nanoparticles from leaves' extract of Mangifera indica (M. indica) and their antibacterial efficacy against Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila) in Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala). The prepared M. indica mediated silver nanoparticles (Mi-AgNPs) were found to be polycrystalline in nature, spherical in shapes with average size of 62 ± 13 nm. C. mrigala (n = ±15/group) were divided into six groups i.e., G1: control, G2: A. hydrophila challenged, G3: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.01 mg/L), G4: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.05 mg/L), G5: A. hydrophila challenged + Mi-AgNPs (0.1 mg/L) and G6: A. hydrophila challenged + M. indica extract (0.1 mg/L). Serum biochemical, hematological, histological and oxidative biomarkers were evaluated after 15 days of treatment. The liver enzyme activities, serum proteins, hematological parameters and oxidative stress markers were found to be altered in the challenged fish but showed retrieval effects with Mi-AgNPs treatment. The histological analysis of liver, gills and kidney of the challenged fish also showed regaining effects following Mi-AgNPs treatment. A CFU assay from muscle tissue provided quantitative data that Mi-AgNPs can hinder the bacterial proliferation in challenged fish. The findings of this work suggest that M. indica based silver nanoparticles can be promising candidates for the control and treatment of microbial infections in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan;
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Maira Amjad
- Department of Physics, Clarkson University, Potsdam, NY 13699, USA;
| | - Shafqat Rasool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan; (S.R.); (S.R.); (S.N.)
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK;
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Usman Z, Kanwal Z, Tayyeb A, Noshair I, Haider I, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. A Comparative Analysis on the Innate Immune Responses of Cirrhinus mrigala Challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Fusarium oxysporum. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:12392. [PMID: 37569767 PMCID: PMC10419095 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241512392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/21/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbes are the most significant ubiquitous pathogens that cause serious infections in freshwater fish, leading to tremendous economic losses. The present study was designed to investigate the extent of changes in cytokine expression, hemato-biochemical parameters, and tissue histology of Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala) challenged with Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) and Fusarium oxysporum (F. oxysporum). Fish were divided into three major groups: control, P. aeruginosa-challenged, and F. oxysporum-challenged. The infection in both challenge assays was allowed to progress until 7 days post infection. Upregulated expression of TNF-α and IL-1β was found in blood, gills, livers, and kidneys of the challenged fish. Significant differences were noted in hematological parameters of challenged fish. Alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, and alkaline aminotransferase levels also showed significant differences in infected and control groups. An increase in serum albumin and globulin and a decrease in total protein were noted in infected groups as compared to the control group. Severe histological alterations were noted in gill, liver, and kidney tissues of the infected groups as compared to control. The order of histological alteration index for P. aeruginosa challenge was liver > kidney > gills, and for F. oxysporum challenge it was kidney > liver > gills. These changes in fish infected by P. aeruginosa and F. oxysporum can be used as an effective and subtle index to monitor the physiological and pathological conditions of fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zaeema Usman
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.U.); (I.N.)
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.U.); (I.N.)
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Quaid-e-Azam Campus, Lahore 54590, Pakistan;
| | - Iqra Noshair
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan; (Z.U.); (I.N.)
| | - Imran Haider
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
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9
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Ali Sultan SA, Ahmed Khan F, Wahab A, Fatima B, Khalid H, Bahader A, Safi SZ, Selvaraj C, Ali A, Alomar SY, Imran M. Assessing Leaching of Potentially Hazardous Elements from Cookware during Cooking: A Serious Public Health Concern. Toxics 2023; 11:640. [PMID: 37505605 PMCID: PMC10386729 DOI: 10.3390/toxics11070640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 07/05/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023]
Abstract
The intake of toxic metals from cooking utensils through food is of growing concern to the medical community. This intake poses serious risk to human health. In many developing countries, different types of contaminated metals scraps are used to make cooking utensils. The leaching of both nutritionally essential and toxic metals in significant quantities from cookware during the cooking process results in food contamination and poses a substantial health risk. In the present study, the leaching of some toxic and potentially toxic metals from cooking utensils into different solutions and food was investigated. A preliminary survey indicated that the majority of individuals tend to use aluminum cookware due to its affordability, overlooking the potential health risks associated with these inexpensive and lower-quality cooking utensils. XRF analysis revealed that aluminum, steel, and copper cookware had K, Ca, Pb, Cd, Ni, V, Sn Mo, Zn, Bi, and Tb as contaminants. In addition, aluminum (3.2 ± 0.25 to 4.64 ± 0.20 g/kg) and copper cookware (2.90 ± 0.12 g/kg) were highly contaminated with lead. The time and pH-dependent study revealed that leaching of metals (Al, Pb, Ni, Cr, Cd, Cu, and Fe, etc.) into food was predominantly from anodized and non-anodized aluminum cookware. More metal leaching was observed from new aluminum cookware compared to old. Acidic food was found to cause more metals to leach during cooking. Blood metal analysis of the local population revealed the presence of high concentrations of Al, Pb, Cd, and Ni. In conclusion, leaching of toxic or potentially toxic metals from cookware into food, especially from anodized and non-anodized aluminum cookware, poses a potential public health risk. Practical applications: Cooking utensils are routinely used for the preparation of food. However, the harmful impact posed by these essential items is largely unknown. The current research briefly explains the toxic metals leaching from cookware in a pH-dependent manner and leaves a message to the public, especially in developing countries like Pakistan, regarding the type of cookware suitable for cooking purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saif Ali Ali Sultan
- Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Fawad Ahmed Khan
- Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
| | - Abdul Wahab
- Key Laboratory of Applied Surface and Colloid Chemistry, Ministry of Education, School of Chemistry & Chemical Engineering, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710062, China
| | - Batool Fatima
- Department of Biochemistry, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan 60800, Pakistan
| | - Hira Khalid
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University & Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering, Tianjin 300072, China
| | - Ali Bahader
- Department of Chemistry, Hazara University, Mansehra 21120, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Faculty of Medicine, Bioscience and Nursing, MAHSA University, Bandar Saujana Putra, Jenjarom 42610, Malaysia
- IRCBM, COMSATS University Islamabad Lahore Campus, Punjab 54000, Pakistan
| | - Chandrabose Selvaraj
- Center for Transdisciplinary Research, Department of Pharmacology, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences (SIMATS), Saveetha University, Chennai 600077, India
| | - Abid Ali
- Department of Zoology, Abdul Wali Khan University Mardan, Mardan 23200, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Biochemistry Section, Institute of Chemical Sciences, University of Peshawar, Peshawar 25120, Pakistan
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10
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Wang S, Khan A, Lin Y, Jiang Z, Tang H, Alomar SY, Sanaullah M, Bhatti UA. Deep reinforcement learning enables adaptive-image augmentation for automated optical inspection of plant rust. Front Plant Sci 2023; 14:1142957. [PMID: 37484461 PMCID: PMC10360175 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1142957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
This study proposes an adaptive image augmentation scheme using deep reinforcement learning (DRL) to improve the performance of a deep learning-based automated optical inspection system. The study addresses the challenge of inconsistency in the performance of single image augmentation methods. It introduces a DRL algorithm, DQN, to select the most suitable augmentation method for each image. The proposed approach extracts geometric and pixel indicators to form states, and uses DeepLab-v3+ model to verify the augmented images and generate rewards. Image augmentation methods are treated as actions, and the DQN algorithm selects the best methods based on the images and segmentation model. The study demonstrates that the proposed framework outperforms any single image augmentation method and achieves better segmentation performance than other semantic segmentation models. The framework has practical implications for developing more accurate and robust automated optical inspection systems, critical for ensuring product quality in various industries. Future research can explore the generalizability and scalability of the proposed framework to other domains and applications. The code for this application is uploaded at https://github.com/lynnkobe/Adaptive-Image-Augmentation.git.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyong Wang
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Asad Khan
- Metaverse Research Institute, School of Computer Science and Cyber Engineering, Guangzhou University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ying Lin
- School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo Jiang
- College of Food Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hao Tang
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | | | - Muhammad Sanaullah
- Department of Computer Science, Bahauddin Zakariya University, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Uzair Aslam Bhatti
- School of Information and Communication Engineering, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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11
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Noshair I, Kanwal Z, Jabeen G, Arshad M, Yunus FUN, Hafeez R, Mairaj R, Haider I, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. Assessment of Dietary Supplementation of Lactobacillus rhamnosus Probiotic on Growth Performance and Disease Resistance in Oreochromis niloticus. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1423. [PMID: 37374925 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/17/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Probiotics play a significant role in aquaculture by improving the growth, health, and survival rate of fish against pathogenic organisms. In the present study, we have evaluated the effects of a Lactobacillus rhamnosus (L. rhamnosus) probiotic on growth performance and disease resistance in Oreochromis niloticus (O. niloticus) fingerlings. Four different concentrations of L. rhamnosus (T1: 0.5 × 1010, T2: 1 × 1010, T3: 1.5 × 1010, and T4: 2 × 1010 CFU/kg feed) were administered to fish over a period of three months. L. rhamnosus treated fish revealed a high growth increment as compared to the control, and the values of macromolecules (amino acids, fatty acids, and carbohydrates) varied significantly among the treated and control groups. Levels of thyroid hormones were noted to be high in the probiotic-treated groups. A challenge assay was performed with Aeromonas hydrophila (A. hydrophila). The optimum calculated concentration of probiotics from the growth assay (1.5 × 1010 CFU/kg feed) was used for the challenge assay. Fish were divided into four groups as follows: control (Con), probiotic-treated (PL), infected (I), and infected + probiotic-treated (I + PL) groups. Significant variations in hematological parameters were observed among control and treated groups. Histopathological changes were recorded in infected fish, while the infected + probiotic-treated group showed less deformations indicating the positive effect of the probiotic supplementation. The survival rate of fish was also better in the probiotic-treated group. Based on these findings, we conclude that probiotic supplementation enhances the growth and improves immunity of O. niloticus. Therefore, we propose that probiotics can be used as promising feed supplements for promoting fish production and disease resistance in aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iqra Noshair
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ghazala Jabeen
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Mateen Arshad
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Fakhar-Un-Nisa Yunus
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Ramsha Hafeez
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Rida Mairaj
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Natural Sciences, Lahore College for Women University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Imran Haider
- Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences, University of Amsterdam, 1012 Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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Mohandoss S, Velu KS, Stalin T, Ahmad N, Alomar SY, Lee YR. Tenofovir antiviral drug solubility enhancement with β-cyclodextrin inclusion complex and in silico study of potential inhibitor against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (M pro). J Mol Liq 2023; 377:121544. [PMID: 36874474 PMCID: PMC9968670 DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2023.121544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
Abstract
Tenofovir (TFR) is an antiviral drug commonly used to fight against viral diseases infection due to its good potency and high genetic barrier to drug resistance. In physiological conditions, TFR is less water soluble, more unstable, and less permeable, limiting its effective therapeutic applications. In addition to their use in treating the Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), cyclodextrins (CDs) are also being used as a molecule to develop therapies for other diseases due to its enhance solubility and stability. This study is designed to synthesize and characterization of β-CD:TFR inclusion complex and its interaction against SARS-CoV-2 (MPro) protein (PDB ID;7cam). Several techniques were used to characterize the prepared β-CD:TFR inclusion complex, including UV-Visible, FT-IR, XRD, SEM, TGA, and DSC, which provided appropriate evidence to confirm the formation. A 1:1 stoichiometry was determined for β-CD:TFR inclusion complex in aqueous medium from UV-Visible absorption spectra by using the Benesi-Hildebrand method. Phase solubility studies proposed that β-CD enhanced the excellent solubility of TFR and the stability constant was obtained at 863 ± 32 M-1. Moreover, the molecular docking confirmed the experimental results demonstrated the most desirable mode of TFR encapsulated into the β-CD nanocavity via hydrophobic interactions and possible hydrogen bonds. Moreover, TFR was validated in the β-CD:TFR inclusion complex as potential inhibitors against SARS-CoV-2 main protease (Mpro) receptors by using in silico methods. The enhanced solubility, stability, and antiviral activity against SARS-CoV-2 (MPro) suggest that β-CD:TFR inclusion complexes can be further used as feasible water-insoluble antiviral drug carriers in viral disease infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonaimuthu Mohandoss
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Kuppu Sakthi Velu
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Thambusamy Stalin
- Department of Industrial Chemistry, Alagappa University, Karikudi 630003, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Yong Rok Lee
- School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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Irshad S, Xie Z, Qing M, Nawaz A, Mehmood S, Alomar SY, Faheem M, Walayat N. Application of BCXZM Composite for Arsenic Removal: EPS Production, Biotransformation and Immobilization of Bacillus XZM on Corn Cobs Biochar. Biology (Basel) 2023; 12:biology12040611. [PMID: 37106811 PMCID: PMC10136123 DOI: 10.3390/biology12040611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
This study determined the effect of Bacillus XZM extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) production on the arsenic adsorption capacity of the Biochar-Bacillus XZM (BCXZM) composite. The Bacillus XZM was immobilized on corn cobs multifunction biochar to generate the BCXZM composite. The arsenic adsorption capacity of BCXZM composite was optimized at different pHs and As(V) concentrations using a central composite design (CCD)22 and maximum adsorption capacity (42.3 mg/g) was attained at pH 6.9 and 48.9 mg/L As(V) dose. The BCXZM composite showed a higher arsenic adsorption than biochar alone, which was further confirmed through scanning electron microscopy (SEM) micrographs, EXD graph and elemental overlay as well. The bacterial EPS production was sensitive to the pH, which caused a major shift in the -NH, -OH, -CH, -C=O, -C-N, -SH, -COO and aromatic/-NO2 peaks of FTIR spectra. Regarding the techno economic analysis, it was revealed that USD 6.24 are required to prepare the BCXZM composite to treat 1000 gallons of drinking water (with 50 µg/L of arsenic). Our findings provide insights (such as adsorbent dose, optimum operating temperature and reaction time, and pollution load) for the potential application of the BCXZM composite as bedding material in fixed-bed bioreactors for the bioremediation of arsenic-contaminated water in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Irshad
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Zuoming Xie
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
- State Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Mao Qing
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Asad Nawaz
- School of Civil and Transportation Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
- Institute for Advanced Studies, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518000, China
| | - Sajid Mehmood
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Forestry Environmental Processes and Ecological Regulation of Hainan Province, Hainan University, Haikou 570228, China
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muhammad Faheem
- School of Environmental Studies, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Noman Walayat
- Centro Tecnológico de la Carne de Galicia, Parque Tecnológico de Galicia, San Cibrán das Viñas, Rúa Galicia N 4, 32900 Ourense, Spain
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14
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Alomar SY. Studying the Mechanism of Interaction of Doxofylline with Human Lysozyme: A Biophysical and In Silico Approach. Molecules 2023; 28:molecules28083462. [PMID: 37110695 PMCID: PMC10146846 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28083462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2023] [Accepted: 04/01/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study, multiple spectroscopic and computational methods were utilized to investigate the binding mechanism of doxofylline with lysozyme. The in vitro methods were used to obtain the binding kinetics and thermodynamics. UV-vis spectroscopy indicated the formation of complex between doxofylline and lysozyme. The Gibb's free energy and binding constant from UV-vis data was obtained as -7.20 kcal M-1 and 1.929 × 105 M-1, respectively. Doxofylline successfully quenched the fluorescence of lysozyme, confirming the formation of complex. The kq and Ksv values for the quenching of lysozyme's fluorescence by doxofylline were 5.74 × 1011 M-1 s-1 and 3.32 × 103 M-1, respectively. These values signified a moderate binding affinity between doxofylline and lysozyme. In synchronous spectroscopy, red shifts were observed for indicating the changes in microenvironment of lysozyme following the binding of doxofylline. The secondary structural analysis was determined using circular dichroism (CD) which revealed an increase in % α-helical as a result of doxofylline interaction. The binding affinity and flexibility of lysozyme upon complexation have been revealed via molecular docking and molecular dynamic (MD) simulations, respectively. According to the many parameters of the MD simulation, the lysozyme-doxofylline complex was stable under physiological conditions. All during the simulation time, hydrogen bonds were continuously present. The MM-PBSA binding energy for lysozyme and doxofylline binding was found to be -30.55 kcal mol-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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15
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Baloch H, Siddiqua A, Nawaz A, Latif MS, Zahra SQ, Alomar SY, Ahmad N, Elsayed TM. Synthesis and Characterization of Sulfur Nanoparticles of Citrus limon Extract Embedded in Nanohydrogel Formulation: In Vitro and In Vivo Studies. Gels 2023; 9:gels9040284. [PMID: 37102896 PMCID: PMC10137662 DOI: 10.3390/gels9040284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The study aimed to synthesize non-noxious, clean, reliable, and green sulfur nanoparticles (SNPs) from Citrus limon leaves. The synthesized SNPs were used to analyze particle size, zeta potential, UV–visible spectroscopy, SEM, and ATR-FTIR. The prepared SNPs exhibited a globule size of 55.32 ± 2.15 nm, PDI value of 0.365 ± 0.06, and zeta potential of −12.32 ± 0.23 mV. The presence of SNPs was confirmed by UV–visible spectroscopy in the range of 290 nm. The SEM image showed that the particles were spherical with a size of 40 nm. The ATR-FTIR study showed no interaction, and all the major peaks were preserved in the formulations. An antimicrobial and antifungal study of SNPs was carried out against Gram-positive bacteria (Staph. aureus, Bacillus), Gram-negative bacteria (E. coli and Bordetella), and fungal strains (Candida albicans). The study showed that Citrus limon extract SNPs exhibited better antimicrobial and antifungal activities against Staph. aureus, Bacillus, E. coli, Bordetella, and Candida albicans at a minimal inhibitory concentration of 50 μg/mL. Different antibiotics were used alone and in combination with SNPs of Citrus limon extract to evaluate their activity against various strains of bacteria and fungal strains. The study showed that using SNPs of Citrus limon extract with antibiotics has a synergistic effect against Staph.aureus, Bacillus, E. coli, Bordetella, and Candida albicans. SNPs were embedded in nanohydrogel formulations for in vivo (wound healing) studies. In preclinical studies, SNPs of Citrus limon extract embedded within a nanohydrogel formulation (NHGF4) have shown promising results. To be widely used in clinical settings, further studies are needed to evaluate their safety and efficacy in human volunteers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadia Baloch
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Aisha Siddiqua
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Asif Nawaz
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Shahid Latif
- Advanced Drug Delivery Lab, Gomal Centre of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Faculty of Pharmacy, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Syeda Qurbat Zahra
- Gomal Centre of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan 29050, Pakistan
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Doping Research Chair, Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek M. Elsayed
- Pharmaceutical Technology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Sultan Zainal Abidin University, Besut Kampus, Besut 22200, Malaysia
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Rasool S, Tayyeb A, Raza MA, Ashfaq H, Perveen S, Kanwal Z, Riaz S, Naseem S, Abbas N, Ahmad N, Alomar SY. Citrullus colocynthis-Mediated Green Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles and Their Antiproliferative Action against Breast Cancer Cells and Bactericidal Roles against Human Pathogens. Nanomaterials (Basel) 2022; 12:3781. [PMID: 36364557 PMCID: PMC9658276 DOI: 10.3390/nano12213781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2022] [Revised: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The present study investigated the biomedical potential of eco-friendly Citrullus colocynthis-mediated silver nanoparticles (Cc-AgNPs). The antibacterial efficacy of Cc-AgNPs was evaluated against two multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacterial strains, Escherichia coli and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The antiproliferative and antilipidemic performance of the prepared particles was determined against the MCF7 cell line, a breast cancer cell line. The in vitro antibacterial assay revealed that Cc-AgNPs induced dose-dependent bactericidal activity, as a considerable increase in the zone of inhibition (ZOI) was noted at higher concentrations. Reduced proliferation, migration, spheroid size, and colony formation exhibited the substantial antiproliferative potential of Cc-AgNPs against MCF7 cells. Significant alterations in the expression of cell surface markers, apoptosis, and cell proliferation genes further confirmed the antiproliferative impact of Cc-AgNPs. Moreover, Cc-AgNPs exhibited antilipidemic activity by reducing cellular cholesterol and triglyceride levels and regulating key genes involved in lipogenesis. In conclusion, these results propose that Cc-AgNPs can be employed as a potent tool for future antibacterial and anticancer applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shafqat Rasool
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Asima Tayyeb
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Akram Raza
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Hanfa Ashfaq
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Sadia Perveen
- School of Biological Sciences, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Zakia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Lahore College for Women University, Jail Road, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Saira Riaz
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Shahzad Naseem
- Centre of Excellence in Solid State Physics, University of the Punjab, Lahore 54590, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Abbas
- Department of Chemistry, University of Leicester, Leicester LE1 7RH, UK
| | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
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17
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Qais FA, Alomar SY, Imran MA, Hashmi MA. In-Silico Analysis of Phytocompounds of Olea europaea as Potential Anti-Cancer Agents to Target PKM2 Protein. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27185793. [PMID: 36144527 PMCID: PMC9503632 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Globally, cancer is the second leading cause of mortality and morbidity. The growth and development of cancer are extremely complex. It is caused by a variety of pathways and involves various types of enzymes. Pyruvate kinase M2 (PKM2) is an isoform of pyruvate kinase, that catalyses the last steps of glycolysis to produce energy. PKM2 is relatively more expressed in tumour cells where it tends to exist in a dimer form. Various medicinal plants are available that contain a variety of micronutrients to combat against different cancers. The phytocompounds of the olive tree (Olea europaea) leaves play an important role in inhibiting the proliferation of several cancers. In this study, the phytocompounds of olive leaf extract (OLE) were studied using various in silico tools, such as pkCSM software to predict ADMET properties and PASS Online software to predict anticancer activity. However, the molecular docking study provided the binding energies and inhibition constant and confirmed the interaction between PKM2 and the ligands. The dynamic behaviour, conformational changes, and stability between PKM2 and the top three hit compounds (Verbascoside (Ver), Rutin (Rut), and Luteolin_7_O_glucoside (Lut)) are studied by MD simulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faizan Abul Qais
- Department of Agricultural Microbiology, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh UP-202002, India
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +91-571-2703516
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Azhar Imran
- Department of Internal Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 06273, Korea
| | - Md Amiruddin Hashmi
- Interdisciplinary Biotechnology Unit, Aligarh Muslim University, Aligarh UP-202002, India
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Sekar D, Panagal M, Manimaran D, Ahmad N, Rao TN, Alomar SY. miR-185 and its anti-miR as a biomarker and therapeutic target for oral cancer. Oral Oncol 2022; 129:105873. [DOI: 10.1016/j.oraloncology.2022.105873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Khan MI, Taehwan P, Cho Y, Scotti M, Priscila Barros de Menezes R, Husain FM, Alomar SY, Baig MH, Dong JJ. Discovery of novel acetylcholinesterase inhibitors through integration of machine learning with genetic algorithm based in silico screening approaches. Front Neurosci 2022; 16:1007389. [PMID: 36937207 PMCID: PMC10020350 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2022.1007389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 03/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most studied progressive eurodegenerative disorder, affecting 40-50 million of the global population. This progressive neurodegenerative disease is marked by gradual and irreversible declines in cognitive functions. The unavailability of therapeutic drug candidates restricting/reversing the progression of this dementia has severed the existing challenge. The development of acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitors retains a great research focus for the discovery of an anti-Alzheimer drug. Materials and methods This study focused on finding AChE inhibitors by applying the machine learning (ML) predictive modeling approach, which is an integral part of the current drug discovery process. In this study, we have extensively utilized ML and other in silico approaches to search for an effective lead molecule against AChE. Result and discussion The output of this study helped us to identify some promising AChE inhibitors. The selected compounds performed well at different levels of analysis and may provide a possible pathway for the future design of potent AChE inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Imran Khan
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Park Taehwan
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yunseong Cho
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Marcus Scotti
- Postgraduate Program in Bioactive Natural and Synthetic Products, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa, Brazil
| | | | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mohammad Hassan Baig
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- Mohammad Hassan Baig,
| | - Jae-June Dong
- Department of Family Medicine, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
- *Correspondence: Jae-June Dong,
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20
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Jobil AJ, Parameshwari S, Husain FM, Alomar SY, Ahmad N, Albalawi F, Alam P. Scientifically Formulated Avocado Fruit Juice: Phytochemical Analysis, Assessment of Its Antioxidant Potential and Consumer Perception. Molecules 2021; 26:7424. [PMID: 34946505 PMCID: PMC8706416 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26247424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Revised: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The study's purpose was to find and create a nourishing fruit juice made from avocado to suit nutritional and health demands. In this regard, the avocado juice was formulated using a statistical technique, and its biochemical and phytochemical characteristics were evaluated. Statistically formulated fruit juice was evaluated for its sensory characteristics, proximate composition, nutrients and vitamins, total phenols and flavonoids, and for its antioxidant ability, in addition to a shelf-life test. The optimal amount of all ingredients included in the mathematical model for the preparation of the juice was 150 g of Persea americana (Avocado) fruit pulp, 12.5 g of honey and 100 mL of water. In fact, the composition of avocado juice was found to have higher phenolic (910.36 ± 0.215 mg EAG g-1/mL) and flavonoid (56.32 ± 1.26 mg QE g-1/ mL) amounts. DPPH, ABTS and FRAP antioxidant assays tended to be high compared with a standard. The shelf-life analysis indicated that the processed avocado juice (V7) had a long shelf life. In view of all these merits, a statistically formulated recipe for avocado fruit juice was recommended for the formulation of the most preferred health drink.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arackal Jose Jobil
- Department of Food Technology, Saintgits College of Engineering, Pathamuttom, Kottayam 686532, Kerala, India;
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Periyar University, Salem 636011, Tamil Nadu, India
| | | | - Fohad Mabood Husain
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - Naushad Ahmad
- Department of Chemistry, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Fadwa Albalawi
- Department of Zoology, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Pravej Alam
- Department of Biology, College of Science and Humanities, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Alkharj 11942, Saudi Arabia;
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21
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Mahnoor, Noreen M, Imran M, Safi SZ, Bashir MA, Alkhuriji AF, Alomar SY, Alharbi HM. Association of blood groups with hepatitis C viremia. Saudi J Biol Sci 2021; 28:5359-5363. [PMID: 34466115 PMCID: PMC8381043 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.05.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 05/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Hepatitis C virus remained a public health problem with approximately half of the patients untreated and undiagnosed. Chronic HCV is a leading cause of cirrhosis, fibrosis, hepatocellular carcinoma and other hepatic morbidities. Active HCV has a prevalence rate of about 1% (71 million). By July, 2019, 10 million population of Pakistan was declared to have active HCV infection. According to World Health Organization, 23,720 people died of hepatitis-related complexities in Pakistan in 2016. Individuals with certain types of ABO blood groups were more susceptible to diverse kinds of infections. For instance, blood types A and AB predisposed individuals to severe malaria, while type O conferred resistance to the many of the protozoan agent. This study was designed to explore the association of hepatitis C viremia to blood groups, Rh factors, age and gender distribution among Pakistani population. Total 246 participants were screened for HCV in Taqwa diagnostics laboratory, Multan and 200 were found positive. They were divided into 4 groups on the basis of their age. First group included patients ranging from 17 to 25 (52), second, third and fourth group included patients from 26 to 34 (92), 35 to 43 (42) and 44 to above (14) respectively. Confirmed Hepatitis C patients were subjected to analysis of blood group, Rh factor and viral load. Results demonstrated that patients having ‘O’ blood group (60.37%) were reported for high viral load than any of the other blood groups in the patients of Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Furthermore, Rh-negative factor (26.42) was associated with high viral load than that of the Rh-positive factor (73.58). Disclosure practiced that age group (26–34) was reported for the high viral load than that of the any other group of this study. Females were more aggressively affected by HCV Viremia than male because the mean viral load among the females was higher than that of the males. Greater social awareness and gender-sensitive healthcare is necessary to improve the experiences of patients with HCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahnoor
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Mamoona Noreen
- Department of Zoology, The Women University Multan, Multan, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Imran
- Department of Microbiology, University of Health Sciences, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Sher Zaman Safi
- Interdisciplinary Research Center in Biomedical Materials (IRCBM), COMSATS Institute of Information Technology, Lahore, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Amjad Bashir
- Department of Plant Protection faculty of Agricultural Sciences Ghazi University Dera Ghazi Khan Punjab, Pakistan
| | - Afrah Fahad Alkhuriji
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Hanan Mualla Alharbi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Ponzetta A, Carriero R, Carnevale S, Barbagallo M, Molgora M, Perucchini C, Magrini E, Gianni F, Kunderfranco P, Polentarutti N, Pasqualini F, Di Marco S, Supino D, Peano C, Cananzi F, Colombo P, Pilotti S, Alomar SY, Bonavita E, Galdiero MR, Garlanda C, Mantovani A, Jaillon S. Neutrophils Driving Unconventional T Cells Mediate Resistance against Murine Sarcomas and Selected Human Tumors. Cell 2019; 178:346-360.e24. [PMID: 31257026 PMCID: PMC6630709 DOI: 10.1016/j.cell.2019.05.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2019] [Revised: 04/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/22/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Neutrophils are a component of the tumor microenvironment and have been predominantly associated with cancer progression. Using a genetic approach complemented by adoptive transfer, we found that neutrophils are essential for resistance against primary 3-methylcholantrene-induced carcinogenesis. Neutrophils were essential for the activation of an interferon-γ-dependent pathway of immune resistance, associated with polarization of a subset of CD4- CD8- unconventional αβ T cells (UTCαβ). Bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) analyses unveiled the innate-like features and diversity of UTCαβ associated with neutrophil-dependent anti-sarcoma immunity. In selected human tumors, including undifferentiated pleomorphic sarcoma, CSF3R expression, a neutrophil signature and neutrophil infiltration were associated with a type 1 immune response and better clinical outcome. Thus, neutrophils driving UTCαβ polarization and type 1 immunity are essential for resistance against murine sarcomas and selected human tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Ponzetta
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Silvia Carnevale
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | | | - Martina Molgora
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | | | - Elena Magrini
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Francesca Gianni
- Institute for Cancer Genetics, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | | | - Nadia Polentarutti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Fabio Pasqualini
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Sabrina Di Marco
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Domenico Supino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy
| | - Clelia Peano
- Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; Institute of Genetic and Biomedical Research, UoS Milan, National Research Council, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Ferdinando Cananzi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Surgical Oncology Unit, Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 56, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | | | - Silvana Pilotti
- Pathology Department, Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Nazionale Tumori, 20133 Milan, Italy
| | - Suliman Yousef Alomar
- Zoology Department College of Science, King Saud University, 12372 Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Eduardo Bonavita
- Cancer Research UK Manchester Institute, The University of Manchester, Alderley Park SK10 4GT, UK
| | - Maria Rosaria Galdiero
- Department of Translational Medical Sciences and Center for Basic and Clinical Immunology Research (CISI), University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy
| | - Cecilia Garlanda
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alberto Mantovani
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy; The William Harvey Research Institute, Queen Mary University of London, London EC1M 6BQ, UK.
| | - Sebastien Jaillon
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, 20090 Pieve Emanuele, Italy; Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, 20089 Rozzano, Italy.
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23
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Gentili A, Zaibi MS, Alomar SY, De Vuono S, Ricci MA, Alaeddin A, Siepi D, Boni M, Vaudo G, Trayhurn P, Lupattelli G. Circulating Levels of the Adipokines Monocyte Chemotactic Protein-4 (MCP-4), Macrophage Inflammatory Protein-1β (MIP-1β), and Eotaxin-3 in Severe Obesity and Following Bariatric Surgery. Horm Metab Res 2016; 48:847-853. [PMID: 27300476 DOI: 10.1055/s-0042-108731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to investigate the involvement of the adipokines eotaxin-3, MIP-1β, and MCP-4 in obesity and related comorbidities and the modification of their circulating levels after bariatric surgery. Eighty severely obese subjects and 20 normal-weight controls were included in the study. Circulating levels of MCP-4, MIP-1β, and eotaxin-3, and the main clinical, biochemical, and instrumental parameters for the evaluation of cardiovascular and metabolic profile were determined in controls and in obese subjects at baseline and 10 months after surgery. Within the obese group at baseline, eotaxin-3 levels were higher in males than females and in smokers than non-smokers and showed a positive correlation with LDL-cholesterol, apolipoprotein B, and leptin. MIP-1β showed a positive correlation with age and leptin and a negative correlation with adiponectin and was an independent predictor of increased carotid artery intima-media thickness. MCP-4 levels were higher in obese subjects than controls and showed a positive correlation with body mass index, eotaxin-3, and MIP-1β. Bariatric surgery induced a marked decrease in all the 3 adipokines. MCP-4 is a novel biomarker of severe obesity and could have an indirect role in favoring sub-clinical atherosclerosis in obese patients by influencing the circulating levels of eotaxin-3 and MIP-1β, which are directly related to the main atherosclerosis markers and risk factors. The reduction of circulating levels of MCP-4, eotaxin-3, and MIP-1β could be one of the mechanisms by which bariatric surgery contributes to the reduction of cardiovascular risk in these patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Gentili
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M S Zaibi
- Clore Laboratory, Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
| | - S Y Alomar
- Zoology Department, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - S De Vuono
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M A Ricci
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - A Alaeddin
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - D Siepi
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - M Boni
- Department of Surgery, "San Giovanni Battista" Hospital, Foligno, Perugia, Italy
| | - G Vaudo
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
| | - P Trayhurn
- Clore Laboratory, Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
| | - G Lupattelli
- Internal Medicine, Angiology and Atherosclerosis, Department of Medicine, "Santa Maria della Misericordia" Hospital, University of Perugia, Italy
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24
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Trayhurn P, Alomar SY. Oxygen deprivation and the cellular response to hypoxia in adipocytes - perspectives on white and brown adipose tissues in obesity. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2015; 6:19. [PMID: 25745415 PMCID: PMC4333869 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2015.00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative hypoxia has been shown to develop in white adipose tissue depots of different types of obese mouse (genetic, dietary), and this leads to substantial changes in white adipocyte function. These changes include increased production of inflammation-related adipokines (such as IL-6, leptin, Angptl4, and VEGF), an increase in glucose utilization and lactate production, and the induction of fibrosis and insulin resistance. Whether hypoxia also occurs in brown adipose tissue depots in obesity has been little considered. However, a recent study has reported low pO2 in brown fat of obese mice, this involving mitochondrial loss and dysfunction. We suggest that obesity-linked hypoxia may lead to similar alterations in brown adipocytes as in white fat cells - particularly changes in adipokine production, increased glucose uptake and lactate release, and insulin resistance. This would be expected to compromise thermogenic activity and the role of brown fat in glucose homeostasis and triglyceride clearance, underpinning the development of the metabolic syndrome. Hypoxia-induced augmentation of lactate production may also stimulate the "browning" of white fat depots through recruitment of UCP1 and the development of brite adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Trayhurn
- Clore Laboratory, Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Buckingham, UK
- College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
- Obesity Biology Unit, Institute of Ageing and Chronic Diseases, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
- *Correspondence: Paul Trayhurn, Clore Laboratory, Buckingham Institute for Translational Medicine, University of Buckingham, Hunter Street, Buckingham MK18 1EG, UK e-mail:
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