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Lee S, Jang SH, Suzuki-Narita M, Gregoire S, Millecamps M, Stone LS. Voluntary running attenuates behavioural signs of low back pain: dimorphic regulation of intervertebral disc inflammation in male and female SPARC-null mice. Osteoarthritis Cartilage 2022; 30:110-123. [PMID: 34534663 DOI: 10.1016/j.joca.2021.06.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2020] [Revised: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 06/18/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To examine the effect of running exercise on behavioral measures of pain and intervertebral disc (IVD) inflammation in the SPARC-null mouse model. METHODS Male and female 8-month old SPARC-null and age-matched control mice received a home cage running wheel or a control, fixed wheel for 6 months. Behavioral assays were performed to assess axial discomfort (grip test) and radiating leg pain (von Frey, acetone tests) and voluntary running was confirmed. Expression of inflammatory mediators (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-10, CCL5, CXCL1, CXCL5, RANKL, M-CSF, and VEGF) in IVDs was determined. Additional inflammatory (IL-1β, IL-1Ra, CXCR1, CXCR2) and macrophage phenotypic markers (ITGAM, CD80, CD86, CD206, Arg1) in IVDs were investigated by qPCR. RESULTS Voluntary running attenuated behavioral measures of pain in male and female SPARC-null mice. Increases in mediators including IL-1β, CXCL1 and CXCL5 were observed in SPARC-null compared to control IVDs. After 6 months of running, increases in M-CSF and VEGF were observed in male SPARC-null IVDs. In females, pro-inflammatory mediators, including CXCL1 and CXCL5 were downregulated by running in SPARC-null mice. qPCR analysis further confirmed the anti-inflammatory effect of running in female IVDs with increased IL-1Ra mRNA. Running induced upregulation of the macrophage marker ITGAM mRNA in males. CONCLUSIONS Voluntary running reversed behavioral signs of pain in male and female mice and reduced inflammatory mediators in females, but not males. Thus, the therapeutic mechanism of action may be sex-specific.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - S H Jang
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Suzuki-Narita
- Department of Bioenvironmental Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan
| | - S Gregoire
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - M Millecamps
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - L S Stone
- Faculty of Dentistry, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; The Alan Edwards Centre for Research on Pain, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Neurology & Neurosurgery, Faculty of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada; Department of Anesthesiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA.
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Choi H, Ko Y, Lee CY, Chung SJ, Kim HI, Kim JH, Park S, Hwang YI, Jang SH, Jung KS, Kim YK, Park JY. Impact of COVID-19 on TB epidemiology in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2021; 25:854-860. [PMID: 34615583 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.21.0255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Five referral hospitals, South Korea.OBJECTIVE: To assess epidemiological changes in TB before and during the COVID-19 pandemic.DESIGN: This was a multicentre cohort study of 3,969 patients diagnosed with TB.RESULTS: We analysed 3,453 patients diagnosed with TB prior to the COVID-19 pandemic (January 2016-February 2020) and 516 during the pandemic (March-November 2020). During the pandemic, the number of patients visits declined by 15% from the previous 4-year average, and the number of patients diagnosed with TB decreased by 17%. Patients diagnosed during the pandemic were older than those diagnosed before the pandemic (mean age, 60.2 vs. 56.6 years, P < 0.001). The proportion of patients to have primary TB at a younger age (births after 1980) among those diagnosed with TB was significantly lower during the pandemic than before (17.8% in 2020 vs. 23.5% in 2016, 24.0% in 2017, 22.5% in 2018, 23.5% in 2019; P = 0.005).CONCLUSIONS: The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in a reduction in the number of visits to respiratory departments, leading to fewer patients being diagnosed with TB. However, our results suggest that universal personal preventive measures help to suppress TB transmission in regions with intermediate TB burden.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Choi
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangnam Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - Y Ko
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Kangdong Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S J Chung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Dongtan Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Dongtan, Korea
| | - H I Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J-H Kim
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y I Hwang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - S H Jang
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - K-S Jung
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - Y K Kim
- Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
| | - J Y Park
- Lung Research Institute of Hallym University College of Medicine, Chuncheon, Korea, Department of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang, Korea
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Jang SH, Sohn SI, Park H, Lee SJ, Kim YW, Hong JM, Kim CH, Choi JW, Kang DH, Kim YS, Hwang YH, Lee JS, Hong JH. The Safety of Intra-arterial Tirofiban during Endovascular Therapy after Intravenous Thrombolysis. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2021; 42:1633-1637. [PMID: 34301637 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a7203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The safety and efficacy of tirofiban during endovascular therapy in patients undergoing intravenous thrombolysis with recombinant IV tPA remain unclear. This study aimed to investigate the safety and efficacy of intra-arterial tirofiban use during endovascular therapy in patients treated with IV tPA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Using a multicenter registry, we enrolled patients with acute ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular therapy. Safety outcomes included postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type 2 and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage, intraventricular hemorrhage, and 3-month mortality. Efficacy outcomes included the successful reperfusion rate, postprocedural reocclusion, and good outcomes at 3 months (mRS scores of 0-2). The tirofiban effect on the outcomes was evaluated using a multivariable analysis while adjusting for potential confounders. RESULTS Among enrolled patients, we identified 314 patients with stroke (279 and 35 patients in the no tirofiban and tirofiban groups, respectively) due to an intracranial artery occlusion who underwent endovascular therapy with intravenous thrombolysis. A multivariable analysis revealed no association of intra-arterial tirofiban with postprocedural parenchymal hematoma type and/or thick subarachnoid hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 1.07; 95% CI, 0.20-4.10; P = .918), intraventricular hemorrhage (adjusted OR, 0.43; 95% CI, 0.02-2.85; P = .467), and 3-month mortality (adjusted OR, 0.38; 95% CI, 0.04-1.87; P = .299). Intra-arterial tirofiban was not associated with good outcome (adjusted OR, 2.22; 95% CI, 0.89 -6.12; P = .099). CONCLUSIONS Using intra-arterial tirofiban during endovascular therapy after IV tPA could be safe.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-I Sohn
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - H Park
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
| | - S-J Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - Y-W Kim
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J M Hong
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - C-H Kim
- Neurosurgery (C.-H.K.), School of Medicine Keimyung University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - J W Choi
- Radiology (J.W.C.), School of Medicine, Ajou University, Suwon, South Korea
| | | | - Y-S Kim
- Radiology (Y.-S.K.), School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Y-H Hwang
- Department of Neurology (Y.-W.K., Y.-H.H.)
| | - J S Lee
- Department of Neurology (S.-J.L., J.M.H., J.S.L.)
| | - J-H Hong
- From the Departments of Neurology (S.H.J., S.-I.S., H.P., J.-H.H.)
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Park S, Yang BR, Song HJ, Jang SH, Kang DY, Park BJ. Metformin and tuberculosis risk in elderly patients with diabetes mellitus. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 23:924-930. [PMID: 31533883 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.18.0687] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING: Tuberculosis (TB) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remain global health concerns. Metformin has recently received attention for its anti-tuberculosis effects.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the risk of TB development in elderly DM patients treated with metformin compared with sulfonylureas.DESIGN: We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Health Insurance Service-Senior database. The participants were type-2 DM (T2DM) patients aged ≥60 years between 1 January 2003 and 31 December 2013. We matched each metformin user to a sulfonylurea user using a propensity score. A Cox proportional hazards model was used to compare the risk of TB in metformin and sulfonylurea users.RESULTS: After propensity score matching, 12,582 patients were in each group. The TB incidence was 280.2/100 000 person-years (py) for metformin users and 394.5/100 000 py for sulfonylurea users. Metformin users had a lower risk of TB development than sulfonylurea users (adjusted hazard ratio 0.74, 95%CI 0.58-0.95), and the results were stronger for male participants. A dose-response relationship between metformin use and TB development was found in both sexes.CONCLUSION: Metformin use was associated with a decreased risk of TB development among elderly T2DM patients compared with sulfonylurea use.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Department of Family Medicine, Seoul Metropolitan Eunpyeong Hospital, Seoul
| | - B R Yang
- Medical Research Collaborating Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H J Song
- Department of Family Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang-si
| | - S H Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang-si
| | - D Y Kang
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Drug Safety Monitoring Center, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - B-J Park
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
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Jang SH, Paik IY, Ryu JH, Lee TH, Kim DE. Effects of aerobic and resistance exercises on circulating apelin-12 and apelin-36 concentrations in obese middle-aged women: a randomized controlled trial. BMC Womens Health 2019; 19:23. [PMID: 30696454 PMCID: PMC6352322 DOI: 10.1186/s12905-019-0722-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The risk for obesity-related diseases increases with the prevalence of obesity. In obesity, adipokines secreted from adipose tissue induce inflammation, causing adverse effects. Recently, adipokines such as apelin, visfatin, and chemerin have been studied. Long-term resistance training improves health in middle-aged women by improving metabolic risk factors, body composition, and muscle strength. However, there is still a lack of evidence on the association of apelin concentration with different exercise types in middle-aged obese women This study aimed to investigate the effects of 8 weeks of aerobic and resistance exercises on apelin-12 and apelin-36 levels and thereby verify the effects of different exercise types in obese, middle-aged women. METHODS Participants were middle-aged women aged 50-61 years, with no experience of systematic exercise in the last 6 months, and met the WHO obesity criteria for the Asia-Pacific region of waist circumference ≥ 80 cm and body fat percentage ≥ 30%. Subjects were selected and allocated to the aerobic exercise, resistance exercise, or no exercise group by block randomization. Body weight, body fat, and body mass index were measured by bioelectrical impedance analysis. Analysis of variance, the t-test, and Tukey's post-hoc test were performed. RESULTS A total of 24 participants were selected with eight participants in each group. Both aerobic and resistance exercises were effective in altering the physical composition, showing significant decreases in weight, waist circumference, BMI, and body fat. The aerobic and resistance exercise group showed a significant, positive change in apelin-12 levels. CONCLUSIONS In obese individuals, aerobic and resistance exercise were effective in improving obesity and reducing blood apelin-12 concentration, which is closely correlated with indicators of metabolic syndrome. Future research should focus on comparing the response of apelin to exercise in obese subjects treated with only dietary control and the response in the obese subjects of different ages and sex. TRIAL REGISTRATION No. 1040917-201,506-BR-153-04 , Clinical Research Information Service (CRIS), Republic of Korea (05 October 2018, retrospectively registered).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sun-Hwa Jang
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Il-Young Paik
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Jae-Hoon Ryu
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Tae-Hyung Lee
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
| | - Dae-Eun Kim
- Exercise Physiology Laboratory, Department of Physical Education, Yonsei University, Seoul, 03722 South Korea
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Sivakumar S, Prabha D, Barathi S, Nityanandi D, Subbhuraam CV, Lakshmipriya T, Kamala-Kannan S, Jang SH, Yi PI. Erratum to: The influence of the earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) on the activity of selected soil enzymes in cadmium-amended soil. Environ Monit Assess 2016; 188:538. [PMID: 27581005 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-016-5541-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea.
| | - D Prabha
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - S Barathi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - D Nityanandi
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - C V Subbhuraam
- Department of Environmental Sciences, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, India
| | - T Lakshmipriya
- Department of Biotechnology, Government College of Technology, Coimbatore, 641013, India
| | - Seralathan Kamala-Kannan
- Division of Biotechnology, Advanced Institute of Environment and Bioscience, College of Environmental and Bioresource Sciences, Chonbuk National University, Iksan, South Korea
| | - S H Jang
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
| | - P I Yi
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea
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Ju CS, He LB, Pei YY, Jiang Y, Huang R, Li YM, Liao LJ, Jang SH, Wang YP. Differential expression of two C-type lectins in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella and their response to grass carp reovirus. J Fish Biol 2016; 88:787-793. [PMID: 26643267 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.12815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Accepted: 09/18/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The cDNAs of two C-type lectins in grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella, galactose-binding lectin (galbl) and mannose-binding lectin (mbl), were cloned and analysed in this study. Both of them exhibited the highest expression level in liver, whereas their expression pattern differed in early phase of embryonic development. Following exposure to grass carp reovirus (GCRV), the mRNA expression level of galbl and mbl was significantly up-regulated in liver and intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Song University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - L B He
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Y Y Pei
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Y Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - R Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Y M Li
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - L J Liao
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - S H Jang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
- Department of Zoology, College of Life Sciences, Kim Il Song University, Pyongyang, Democratic People's Republic of Korea
| | - Y P Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
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Affiliation(s)
- SH Jang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - Z Yan
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
| | - JA Lazor
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences; Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration; Silver Spring Maryland USA
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Sivakumar S, Song YC, Kim SH, Jang SH. Cultivation of a bacterial consortium with the potential to degrade total petroleum hydrocarbon using waste activated sludge. J Environ Biol 2015; 36:1373-1380. [PMID: 26688976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Waste activated sludge was aerobically treated to demonstrate multiple uses such as cultivating an oil degrading bacterial consortium; studying the influence of a bulking agent (peat moss) and total petroleum hydrocarbon concentration on bacterial growth and producing a soil conditioner using waste activated sludge. After 30 days of incubation, the concentration of oil-degrading bacteria was 4.3 x 10(8) CFU g(-1) and 4.5 x 10(8) CFU g(-1) for 5 and 10 g of total petroleum hydrocarbon, respectively, in a mixture of waste activated sludge (1 kg) and peat moss (0.1 kg). This accounts for approximately 88.4 and 91.1%, respectively, of the total heterotrophic bacteria (total-HB). The addition of bulking agent enhanced total-HB population and total petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial population. Over 90% of total petroleum hydrocarbon degradation was achieved by the mixture of waste activated sludge, bulking agent and total petroleum hydrocarbon. The results of physico-chemical parameters of the compost (waste activated sludge with and without added peat moss compost) and a substantial reduction in E. coli showed that the use of this final product did not exhibit risk when used as soil conditioner. Finally, the present study demonstrated that cultivation of total petroleum hydrocarbon-degrading bacterial consortium and production of compost from waste activated sludge by aerobic treatment was feasible.
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Jang SH, Seo YS. Injury of the Contralateral Lower Ascending Reticular Activating System by an Intracerebral Hemorrhage. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:E58-9. [PMID: 26113072 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Y S Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Sivakumar S, Prabha D, Barathi S, Nityanandi D, Subbhuraam CV, Lakshmipriya T, Kamala-Kannan S, Jang SH, Yi PI. The influence of the earthworm Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) on the activity of selected soil enzymes in cadmium-amended soil. Environ Monit Assess 2015; 187:74. [PMID: 25647789 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-014-4253-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2014] [Accepted: 12/29/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The effects of cadmium (CdCl2·7H2O) on cellulase, urease, amylase, invertase and phosphatase were assessed for a period of 45 days in the presence and absence of earthworms [Lampito mauritii (Kinberg)] in alfisol soil. The activities of all enzymes significantly increased with longer incubation times (45 days) under laboratory conditions in both control and Cd-amended soils (both with and without earthworm incubation). However, the activities of all enzymes decreased with increasing Cd concentrations under laboratory conditions, both in the presence and absence of earthworms. In the presence of earthworms, cellulase, urease, invertase and amylase activities increased. However, phosphatase activity was lower in most of the Cd-amended soils in the presence of earthworms compared to its activity levels in soils lacking earthworms. These results show that earthworms modulated the stress imposed by Cd by providing suitable substrates, which in turn acted as stimulants for extracellular enzyme secretion by microbes, and by removing Cd through its accumulation in the tissues of the earthworms.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Sivakumar
- Department of Bioenvironmental Energy, College of Natural Resource and Life Science, Pusan National University, Miryang, 627-706, South Korea,
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Jang SH, Kim HS. Aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage causes injury of the ascending reticular activating system: relation to consciousness. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2015; 36:667-71. [PMID: 25572950 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a4203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2014] [Accepted: 10/30/2014] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the pathogenetic mechanism of impaired consciousness following subarachnoid hemorrhage. Using diffusion tensor imaging, we attempted to investigate the presence of injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei, and the relation between this injury and consciousness level in patients with SAH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 24 consecutive patients with spontaneous SAH following aneurysmal rupture and 21 healthy control subjects. Consciousness level was rated by using the Glasgow Coma Scale. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we reconstructed the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the intralaminar thalamic nuclei. Values of fractional anisotropy, apparent diffusion coefficient, and tract number of the ascending reticular activating system were measured. RESULTS A significant difference in the tract number was observed between the patient and control groups (P < .05); however, there was no significant difference in terms of fractional anisotropy and apparent diffusion coefficient values (P > .05). In addition, regarding the tract number of the patient group, the Glasgow Coma Scale showed strong positive correlations with the tract number on the more affected side (r = 0.890, P < .05), the less affected side (r = 0.798, P < .05), and both sides (r = 0.919, P < .05), respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system between the pontine reticular formation and the thalamus in patients with SAH. In addition, we observed a close association between injury of the lower portion of the ascending reticular activating system and impaired consciousness in patients with SAH.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Kim
- From the Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea.
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Jang SH, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Lee JB. Lichen planus pemphigoides associated with chronic hepatitis B virus infection. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 40:868-71. [PMID: 25546603 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/01/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Lichen planus pemphigoides (LPP) is a rare autoimmune dermatosis with the features of both lichen planus (LP) and bullous pemphigoid (BP). Although in rare cases, LPP has been associated with several medications and conditions, it is generally considered an idiopathic disorder, and its pathogenesis remains uncertain. We report a 56-year-old woman who presented with a 2-year history of flat-topped, polygonal, violaceous-colored papules and some bullae. She was diagnosed with chronic hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection, which had been treated intermittently with entecavir. Histopathological examination showed the typical features of LP with subepidermal blisters, and with linear deposits of IgG along the basement membrane zone on direct immunofluorescence. Immunoblotting revealed antibodies directed at the BP180 and BP230 antigens. We diagnosed the patient with LPP, and treated the condition with systemic steroids and dapsone. To our knowledge, this is the first report of LPP in a patient with chronic HBV infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S J Yun
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - S C Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
| | - J B Lee
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, Korea
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Kwon HG, Jang SH. Cingulum injury by external ventricular drainage procedure: diffusion tensor tractography study. Clin Neuroradiol 2013; 25:65-7. [PMID: 24221532 DOI: 10.1007/s00062-013-0269-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2013] [Accepted: 10/21/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H G Kwon
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Jang SH, Hutson JA. Latero-posterior directed migration of trunk to the concave side of the curve: a biomechanical principle in treating the three dimensional deformity of idiopathic scoliosis with a custom molded high profile TLSO. Scoliosis 2013. [PMCID: PMC3675340 DOI: 10.1186/1748-7161-8-s1-p13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- SH Jang
- Assistive Technology Department, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - JA Hutson
- Assistive Technology Department, Gillette Children's Specialty Healthcare, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about differences in corticospinal tract fibers according to cerebral origin. Using diffusion tensor tractography, we attempted to investigate the characteristics of the CST according to the cerebral origin in the human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six healthy subjects were recruited for this study. A 1.5T Gyroscan Intera system was used for acquisition of DTI. CSTs were reconstructed by selection of fibers passing through seed and target ROIs: seed ROIs, the area of the CST at the pontomedullary junction; target ROIs, the primary motor cortex, the primary somatosensory cortex, the dorsal premotor cortex, and the supplementary motor area. RESULTS A significant difference in tract volume was observed in each ROI (P < .05): M1 (2373.6, 36.9%), S1 (2037.7, 31.7%), SMA (1588.0, 24.7%), and dPMC (429.8, 6.7%). Regarding fractional anisotropy values, the dPMC or SMA showed higher values than the M1 or S1; however, the opposite occurred in terms of the mean diffusivity value (P < .05). In addition, fractional anisotropy and mean diffusivity values of the dPMC differed from those of the SMA (P < .05); in contrast, no significant difference was observed between the M1 and S1 (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS Tract volume was found to differ according to cerebral origin and was, in descending order, M1, S1, SMA, and dPMC. In addition, the directionality and diffusivity of CST fibers in the SMA and the dPMC differed from those of the M1 and S1, which showed similar characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Seo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Kim SH, Jang SH, Kim J, Lee KY, Jang YS. A microneutralization assay for dengue viruses using mosquito C6/36 cells. Acta Virol 2013; 57:379-381. [PMID: 24020767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
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Kim SH, Jang SH. Prediction of aphasia outcome using diffusion tensor tractography for arcuate fasciculus in stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:785-90. [PMID: 23042924 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The AF is an important neural tract in language function. We investigated aphasia outcome according to DTT findings for AF in the early stage of stroke. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-five consecutive patients with aphasia and stroke and 12 control subjects were recruited. The AQ of K-WAB was used for the assessment of aphasia in the early stage of stroke (10-30 days) and at approximately 6 months after onset. We classified the patients into 3 groups according to the severity of left AF injury: type A, the AF was not reconstructed; type B, the AF was disrupted; and type C, the AF was preserved around the lesion. RESULTS When comparing AQ among AF types at early evaluation, the type C score (32.84±18.05) was significantly higher than type A (3.60±2.73) (P<.05). However, no significant difference was observed between types A and B (18.02±17.19) or between types B and C (P>.05). At late evaluation, the AQ values of types B (52.43±25.75) and C (68.08±15.76) were higher than that of type A (10.98±3.90) (P<.05). However, there was no significant difference between types B and C. CONCLUSIONS The aphasia outcome of the patients whose left AF could be reconstructed was better than that in patients whose left AF could not be reconstructed, irrespective of its integrity. We believe that evaluation of the left AF by using DTT in the early stage of stroke could be helpful in predicting aphasia outcome in patients with stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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19
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Jung YJ, Jang SH. The fate of injured corticospinal tracts in patients with intracerebral hemorrhage: diffusion tensor imaging study. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 33:1775-8. [PMID: 22492571 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the fate of the injured CST for a large number of patients with ICH. Using DTT, we investigated the longitudinal changes of injured CSTs in patients with an ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 45 patients with CST injury by an ICH in the supratentorial subcortical area. Two longitudinal DTTs were acquired: 1 within 30 days and the other after 3 months from onset. DTTs for the CST were classified into 3 types: type A, the CST was preserved around the hematoma; type B, the CST was interrupted around the hematoma; and type C, the CST did not reach the hematoma. RESULTS At the first DTT, the motor functions of type C were worse than those of types A and B (P < .01), and motor functions of type A were better than those of type C at the second DTT (P < .01). Of 14 type A, 2 changed to type B (14.3%) and 12 did not change (85.7%); of 12 type B, 11 changed to type A (91.7%) and 1 changed to type C (8.3%); of 19 type C, 3 changed to type A (15.8%) and 16 did not change (84.2%). CONCLUSIONS We found that the injured CST could change from the early stage to the chronic stage during the motor recovery phase in patients with an ICH. These results would be helpful in prediction of longitudinal DTT changes from the early stage to the chronic stage following ICH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Jung
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Cho HK, Jang SH, Lee E, Kim SY, Kim S, Kwon YH, Son SM. Diffusion tensor imaging-demonstrated differences between hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy with symmetric periventricular leukomalacia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:650-4. [PMID: 22976239 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with cerebral palsy have variable clinical presentations such as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic patterns though they have PVL on conventional MR images. The authors investigated whether DTT can differentiate between hemiplegic and diplegic CP in patients presenting with symmetric PVL on conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive pediatric patients with definite hemiplegic (59 patients; 30 boys, 29 girls; mean age, 34.19 months; range, 24-52 months) or diplegic (54 patients; 27 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 31.07 months; range, 24-48 months) symptoms and bilateral symmetric PVL on conventional brain MR imaging were recruited. The states of CSTs were examined by using DTT, and the asymmetries of right and left CSTs in the hemiplegic and diplegic groups were compared by using asymmetric anisotropy indexes and asymmetric mean diffusivity indexes. RESULTS All patients in the hemiplegic group with asymmetric results exhibited disrupted integrities of more affected CSTs and sparing of less affected CSTs. However, diplegic patients revealed symmetric disrupted findings of the right and left CSTs at the upper periventricular level. Asymmetric anisotropy index and asymmetric mean diffusivity index values were significantly higher in the hemiplegic group than in the diplegic group (P < .05), and these results of DTT significantly corresponded with their typical clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS DTT may be very useful for the detailed estimation of the CST state in patients with bilateral symmetric PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Choi CM, Yang SC, Jo HJ, Song SY, Jeon YJ, Jang TW, Kim DJ, Jang SH, Yang SH, Kim YD, Lee KH, Jang SJ, Kim YT, Kim DK, Chung DH, Kim L, Nam HS, Cho JH, Kim HJ, Ryu JS. Proteins involved in DNA damage response pathways and survival of stage I non-small-cell lung cancer patients. Ann Oncol 2012; 23:2088-2093. [PMID: 22317771 DOI: 10.1093/annonc/mdr606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Biological complexity leads to significant variation in the survival of patients with stage I non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). DNA damage response (DDR) pathways play a critical role in maintaining genomic stability and in the progression of NSCLC. Therefore, the development of a prognostic biomarker focusing on DDR pathways is an intriguing issue. PATIENTS AND METHODS Expression of several proteins (ATM, ATMpS1981, γH2AX, 53BP1, 53BP1pS25, Chk2, Chk2pT68, MDC1, MDC1pS964, BRCA1pS1423, and ERCC1) and overall survival were investigated in 889 pathological stage I NSCLC patients. RESULTS Low expression of BRCA1pS1423 or ERCC1 was significantly associated with worse survival in the whole cohort of patients. Analysis performed based on histology revealed that low expression of γH2AX, Chk2pT68, or ERCC1 was a poor prognostic factor in squamous cell carcinoma patients [adjusted hazard ratio (aHR), Cox P: 1.544, 0.012 for γH2AX; 1.624, 0.010 for Chk2pT68; 1.569, 0.011 for ERCC1]. The analysis of the interaction between two proteins showed that this effect was more pronounced in squamous cell carcinoma patients. However, these effects were not detected in adenocarcinoma patients. CONCLUSIONS The proteins involved in DDR pathways exhibited differential expression between squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and were important determinants of survival in stage I squamous cell carcinoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Choi
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - S C Yang
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - H J Jo
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Wonkwang University, Iksan
| | - S Y Song
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Hwasun-gun
| | - Y J Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, Keimyung University, Daegu
| | - T W Jang
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Kosin University, Busan
| | - D J Kim
- Division of Respiratory and Allergy Medicine, Soonchunhyang University Hospital, College of Medicine, Bucheon
| | - S H Jang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy & Critical Care Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, College of Medicine, Hallym University, Anyang
| | - S H Yang
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Hospital, Iksan
| | - Y D Kim
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan
| | - K H Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Yeungnam University School of Medicine, Daegu
| | - S J Jang
- Department of Pathology, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - Y T Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | - D K Kim
- Department of Thoracic and Cardiovascular Surgery, Asan Medical Center, College of Medicine, University of Ulsan, Seoul
| | - D H Chung
- Department of Pathology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul
| | | | - H S Nam
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - J H Cho
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea
| | - J S Ryu
- Pulmonary Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Inha University Hospital, Incheon, Korea.
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Jang SH, Ryu JT, You JH, Kim TW. Electrical properties of 10-nm-radius n-type gate all around twin Si nanowire field effect transistors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:5839-5842. [PMID: 22966666 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.6392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The electrical properties of 10-nm-radius n-type gate all around (GAA) twin Si nanowire field effect transistors (TSNWFETs) and field effect transistors (FETs) without nanowires were investigated to understand their device characteristics. The electrical characteristics of the GAA TSNWFETs and FETs with bulk boron concentrations of 1 x 10(18) and 1 x 10(16) cm(-3) were simulated by using three-dimensional technology computer-aided design simulation tools of sentaurus taking into account quantum effects. The simulation results showed that the on-current level of the TSNWFETs was larger than that of FETs, and the subthreshold swing and the drain induced barrier lowing of the TSNWFETs were smaller than those of FETs. The current density and conduction band edge profiles in the TSNWFETs clarified the dominant current paths. The simulation results showed that the on-current/off-current ratio increased with increasing bulk boron concentration, and the stand-by current level decreased.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Electronics and Computer Engineering, Hanyang University, 17 Haengdang-Dong, Seongdong-Gu, Seoul 133-791, Korea
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Kwon HG, Hong JH, Jang SH. Anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement of the corticospinal tract at the cerebral peduncle in the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:2116-9. [PMID: 21903908 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Little is known about the detailed anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement at the CP. Using DTT with FSL tools, we conducted an investigation of the anatomic location and somatotopic arrangement of the CST at the CP in the human brain. MATERIALS AND METHODS We recruited 43 healthy volunteers for this study. DTI was obtained by using 1.5T, and CSTs for the hand and leg were obtained by using the FSL tool. The somatotopic location of the CST was evaluated as the highest probabilistic location at the upper and lower midbrain. The posterior boundary was determined as the line between the interpeduncular fossa and the lateral sulcus; we then drew a rectangle on the basis of the boundary of the CP. RESULTS In the mediolateral direction, the highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 60.46% and 69.98% from the medial boundary at the upper midbrain level and 53.44% and 62.76% at the lower midbrain level, respectively. As for the anteroposterior direction, the highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 28.26% and 32.03% from the anterior boundary at the upper midbrain level and 30.19% and 33.59% at the lower midbrain level, respectively. CONCLUSIONS We found that the hand somatotopy for the CST is located at the middle portion of the CP and the leg somatotopy is located lateral to the hand somatotopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Kwon
- Department of Physical Therapy, Daegu University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Hong JH, Kwon HG, Jang SH. Probabilistic somatotopy of the spinothalamic pathway at the ventroposterolateral nucleus of the thalamus in the human brain. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1358-62. [PMID: 21596807 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE The STP has been regarded as the most plausible neural tract responsible for pathogenesis of central poststroke pain. The VPL nucleus has been a target for neurosurgical procedures for control of central poststroke pain. However, to our knowledge, no DTI studies have been conducted to investigate the somatotopic location of the STP at the VPL nucleus of the thalamus. In the current study, we attempted to investigate this location in the human brain by using a probabilistic tractography technique of DTI. MATERIALS AND METHODS DTI was performed at 1.5T by using a Synergy-L SENSE head coil. STPs for both the hand and leg were obtained by selection of fibers passing through 2 regions of interest (the area of the spinothalamic tract in the posterolateral medulla and the postcentral gyrus) for 41 healthy volunteers. Somatotopic mapping was obtained from the highest probabilistic location at the ACPC level. RESULTS The highest probabilistic locations for the hand and leg were an average of 16.86 and 16.37 mm lateral to the ACPC line and 7.53 and 8.71 mm posterior to the midpoint of the ACPC line, respectively. Somatotopic locations for the hand and leg were different in the anteroposterior direction (P < .05); however, no difference was observed in the mediolateral direction (P > .05). CONCLUSIONS We found the somatotopic locations for hand and leg of the STP at the VPL nucleus; these somatotopies were arranged in the anteroposterior direction.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Hong
- Department of Physical Therapy, Yeungnam College of Science and Technology, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Choi WI, Yim JJ, Park J, Kim SC, Na MJ, Lee WY, Hong SB, Choi HS, Jang SH, Kim WJ, Jeon K, Kim JH, Choi JC, Lee CH, Kim CH, Kim JY. Clinical characteristics and outcomes of H1N1-associated pneumonia among adults in South Korea. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2011; 15:270-i. [PMID: 21219693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Pneumonia has been reported to be the most life-threatening complication of influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVE to describe clinical characteristics and determine risk factors for death among patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia. DESIGN A retrospective cohort study included all adult patients diagnosed and treated with H1N1-associated pneumonia in 14 participating institutions between 1 May 2009 and 28 February 2010 in South Korea. Clinical outcomes were summarised and predictors for death evaluated through univariate and multivariate analysis. RESULTS A total of 269 adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were diagnosed and treated. Hospital visits or admissions peaked in November 2009, coinciding with the peak in the 2009 H1N1 epidemic in South Korea. The patients' median age was 48 years; 143 were male. Most (n = 266, 98.9%) were admitted for treatment: 97 (36.1%) required intensive care and 28 (10.4%) needed mechanical ventilation. Despite the use of antiviral and antibacterial agents, 19 patients (7.1%) died. Risk factors predictive of death included presence of malignancy (aOR 12.0, 95%CI 2.8-51.5), and pneumonia severity index (PSI) score (aOR 1.03, 95%CI 1.01-1.04). CONCLUSION Deaths among adult patients with H1N1-associated pneumonia were not rare. Clinicians should be aware of the possibility of a poor prognosis among H1N1-associated pneumonia patients with underlying malignancy or high PSI score.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use
- Chi-Square Distribution
- Critical Care
- Female
- Hospitalization
- Humans
- Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/pathogenicity
- Influenza, Human/diagnosis
- Influenza, Human/mortality
- Influenza, Human/therapy
- Influenza, Human/virology
- Logistic Models
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Odds Ratio
- Pneumonia, Viral/diagnosis
- Pneumonia, Viral/mortality
- Pneumonia, Viral/therapy
- Pneumonia, Viral/virology
- Republic of Korea/epidemiology
- Respiration, Artificial
- Retrospective Studies
- Risk Assessment
- Risk Factors
- Severity of Illness Index
- Survival Analysis
- Survival Rate
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
- W-I Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Dongsan Hospital, Keimyung University School of Medicine, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Jang SH, Colangelo PM, Gobburu JVS. Exposure-response of posaconazole used for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections: evaluating the need to adjust doses based on drug concentrations in plasma. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2010; 88:115-9. [PMID: 20505665 DOI: 10.1038/clpt.2010.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this article is to report the exposure-response (E-R) relationship of posaconazole oral suspension (POS) for prophylaxis against invasive fungal infections (IFIs), on the basis of the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) clinical pharmacology review of two randomized, active-controlled clinical studies. Posaconazole average steady state plasma concentrations (C(avg)) ranged from 22 to 3,650 ng/ml after administration of POS 200 mg three times daily (t.i.d.). In a double-blind, randomized clinical trial, the quartile ranges of C(avg) with midpoint values of 289, 736, 1,239, and 2,607 ng/ml had clinical failure rates of 44, 21, 18, and 18%, respectively, indicating an inverse association between C(avg) and clinical failure rate. There were no significant relationships between C(avg) and posaconazole-related major adverse events. Determining posaconazole concentrations in plasma will aid in assessing the need for either POS dose adjustment (e.g., increasing the POS dose) or switching to another systemic antifungal drug, thereby improving the effectiveness of prophylaxis against IFIs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, US Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA.
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Jang SH, Lim JW, Kim H. Beta-carotene inhibits Helicobacter pylori-induced expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 in human gastric epithelial AGS cells. J Physiol Pharmacol 2009; 60 Suppl 7:131-137. [PMID: 20388956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2009] [Accepted: 12/11/2009] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Reactive oxygen species (ROS) play critical roles in Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori)-associated gastric ulceration and carcinogenesis. Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) are involved in H. pylori-induced gastric diseases. Previously we demonstrated that H. pylori in Korean isolates induced the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAPK) and oxidant-sensitive transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 which mediates the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. beta-Carotene shows antioxidant activity and inhibits NF-kappaB-dependent gene expression in various cells. Present study aims to investigate whether beta-carotene inhibits H. pylori-induced expression of iNOS and COX-2 by suppressing the activation of MAPK, NF-kappaB, and AP-1 in gastric epithelial AGS cells. HP99 (H. pylori in Korean isolates) was added to AGS cells at the ratio of bacterium/cell, 300/1. beta-carotene inhibited H. pylori-induced increase in ROS level, the activation of MAPK (p38, the c-Jun NH2-terminal protein kinases, the extracellular signal-regulated kinases), NF-kappaB, and AP-1 and the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in AGS cells. CONCLUSION beta-carotene inhibits oxidant-mediated activation of inflammatory signaling and suppresses the expression of iNOS and COX-2 in gastric epithelial AGS cells infected with H. pylori.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Research Institute of Food and Nutritional Sciences, Yonsei University, Seoul, Korea
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Ko S, Roh YH, Choo JH, Jang SH, Han SH, Jang HG. The effect of cationic polymer treatment on adhesion of iron oxide to eyelashes. J Cosmet Sci 2009; 60:617-626. [PMID: 20038350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of iron oxide application on improving the volume of eyelashes. Iron oxide, having a negative surface charge in its natural form, was coated with commercial cationic polymers to increase its adhesion. The iron oxides coated with different types and concentrations of these polymers were incorporated into a basic mascara formula to test their volume effects by means of the weight difference of eyelashes.The results indicated that the type and concentration of coating materials affect the surface zeta potential and particle cluster size of iron oxides. The type of cationic polymer, especially, was shown to modify both factors of iron oxide. The obtained results also suggested that the volume effect of mascara increases with a higher positive surface zeta potential and a smaller particle cluster size of the coated iron oxides.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ko
- Korea University, Seoul 136-701, Korea
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Chang MC, Ahn SH, Byeon WM, Jang SH. Corticospinal Tract Location at the Upper Pons in the Human Brain. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71221-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
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30
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Kwak SY, Jang SH, Kim SH, Kim OR, Byeon WM, Ahn SH. Title: Corticospinal Tract Injury in Patients with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Diffusion Tensor Imaging Study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71533-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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31
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Jang SH, Ahn SH, Byun WM, Kim C, Kwon YH. Enhanced Neural Activation after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Primary Sensoriomotor Cortex in the Human Brain: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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32
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Jang SH. Aberrant pyramidal tract in the medial lemniscus of the brainstem in a patient with a pontine infarct: diffusion tensor tractography study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2009; 80:243-4. [PMID: 19151025 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2008.146571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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33
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Hwang DH, Choi JY, Yi SM, Han DH, Jang SH. The land use plan and water quality prediction for the Saemangeum reclamation project. Water Sci Technol 2009; 59:1397-1408. [PMID: 19381006 DOI: 10.2166/wst.2009.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
As the final closure of the world's longest sea dike of 33 km, the use of the Saemangeum reclaimed land becomes an issue in Korea. The Korean government has proclaimed that the Saemangeum Reclamation Project will be handled in an environmentally friendly manner but its effect on the water quality of reservoirs has always been controversial. This study was conducted to estimate the water quality of the Saemangeum reservoir using WASP5 according to the new land use plan adopted in 2007. Predictions on water quality shows that Dongjin reservoir would meet the standards for COD, T-P, and Chl-a if the wastewater from the Dongjin region was properly managed. However, T-P and Chl-a in Mangyeong reservoir would exceed the standards even without releasing the treated wastewater into the reservoir. With further reductions of 20% for T-P and Chl-a from the mouth of Mangyeong river, the water quality standards in the reservoir were achieved. This means that additional schemes, as well as water quality management programs established in the Government Master Plan in 2001, should be considered. Although the Saemangeum reservoir would manage to achieve the standards, it will enter a eutrophic state due to the high concentration of nutrients.
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Affiliation(s)
- D H Hwang
- Policy Research Group, Korea Environment Institute, 613-2 Bulgwang-Dong, Eunpyeng-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Yoo WK, Kim DS, Kwon YH, Jang SH. Kernohan's notch phenomenon demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:1295-7. [PMID: 18940992 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.138131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernohan's notch phenomenon is the ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge by a supratentorial mass. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST). This report attempts to demonstrate Kernohan's notch phenomenon in a patient with subdural haematoma by using DTI and TMS. One patient and six normal control subjects were recruited. The patient showed severe right hemiplegia even though the subdural haematoma was located in the right hemisphere. Brain CT at the time of onset showed right transtentorial herniation, and T2 weighted images at 6 weeks after onset showed a leucomalacic lesion on the left cerebral peduncle. DTI and TMS were performed at 6 weeks after onset. The fractional anisotrophy value of the left midbrain and medulla of the patient was found to be decreased in comparison with that of the control subjects. On fibre tractography for the CST, an interruption was observed in the left midbrain and medulla. The motor evoked potential obtained from the right hand muscle showed delayed latency, low amplitude and a higher excitatory threshold, thus indicating that the CST of the left hemisphere had been damaged. It seems that the CST had been damaged at the left midbrain, although subdural haematoma and transtentorial herniation had occurred in the right hemisphere in this patient. This report demonstrates Kernohan's notch phenomenon in this patient using DTI and TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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35
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Bhattaram VA, Bonapace C, Chilukuri DM, Duan JZ, Garnett C, Gobburu JVS, Jang SH, Kenna L, Lesko LJ, Madabushi R, Men Y, Powell JR, Qiu W, Ramchandani RP, Tornoe CW, Wang Y, Zheng JJ. Impact of Pharmacometric Reviews on New Drug Approval and Labeling Decisions—a Survey of 31 New Drug Applications Submitted Between 2005 and 2006. Clin Pharmacol Ther 2007; 81:213-21. [PMID: 17259946 DOI: 10.1038/sj.clpt.6100051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 101] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Exploratory analyses of data pertaining to pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and disease progression are often referred to as the pharmacometrics (PM) analyses. The objective of the current report is to assess the role of PM, at the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), in drug approval and labeling decisions. We surveyed the impact of PM analyses on New Drug Applications (NDAs) reviewed over 15 months in 2005-2006. The survey focused on both the approval and labeling decisions through four perspectives: clinical pharmacology primary reviewer, their team leader, the clinical team member, and the PM reviewer. A total of 31 NDAs included a PM review component. Review of NDAs involved independent quantitative evaluation by FDA pharmacometricians. PM analyses were ranked as important in regulatory decision making in over 85% of the 31 NDAs. Case studies are presented to demonstrate the applications of PM analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- V A Bhattaram
- Office of Clinical Pharmacology, Office of Translational Sciences, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
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Abstract
The authors investigated bihemispheric motor network reorganization supporting locomotor recovery after stroke over time. They determined longitudinal changes in locomotor function and fMRI in 10 stroke patients at the subacute stage and the chronic stage. The results suggest that the bihemispheric reorganization mechanism underlying locomotor recovery evolved from the ipsilateral (contralesional) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) activation at the subacute stage to the contralateral (ipsilesional) SM1 activation at the chronic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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37
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Abstract
The adsorption structures of benzene and pyridine on Si(5 5 12)-2 x 1 were studied at 80 K by using a low-temperature scanning tunneling microscope and density functional theory calculations. These structures are different from those observed on low-index Si surfaces: benzene molecules exclusively bind to two adatoms, that is, with di-sigma bonds between carbon atoms and silicon adatoms, leading to the loss of benzene aromaticity; in contrast, pyridine molecules interact with adatom(s) through either Si-N dative bonding or di-sigma bonds. Dative bonding configurations with pyridine aromaticity are the dominant adsorption features and are more stable than di-sigma bonding configurations. Thus the dative bonding of nitrogen-containing heteroaromatic molecules provides a strategy for the controlled attachment of aromatic molecules to high-index surfaces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojin Jeong
- Department of Physics, Chonbuk National University, Jeonju 561-756, Korea
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Kim HJ, Jang SH, Park JS, Park ES, Seo JH, Lim JY, Park CH, Woo HO, Youn HS. A case of true thymic hyperplasia in the mediastinum with ectopic thymus in the neck. Korean J Pediatr 2006. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2006.49.9.996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hyun-Jung Kim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Sun-Hwa Jang
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Sook Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Eun-Sil Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Ji-Hyun Seo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Jae-Young Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Chan-Hoo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hyang-Ok Woo
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
| | - Hee-Shang Youn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju, Korea
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39
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Jang SH, Byun WM, Chang Y, Han BS, Ahn SH. Combined functional magnetic resonance imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation evidence of ipsilateral motor pathway with congenital brain disorder: a case report. Arch Phys Med Rehabil 2001; 82:1733-6. [PMID: 11733891 DOI: 10.1053/apmr.2001.25101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
We present the case of 28-year-old man with schizencephaly who had mild left hemiparesis with mirror movement. Brain mapping using functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) for both hand muscles was done to evaluate his neurologic state. Motor evoked potential (MEP) from both abductor pollicis brevis (APB) muscles was obtained simultaneously. fMRI showed that the left primary sensorimotor cortex became active when the right fingers performed the flexion-extension exercise. The left primary sensorimotor cortex, left prefrontal area, and both supplementary motor areas were activated with flexion-extension exercise of the left hand. Brain mapping for both APB muscles using TMS showed that no MEP was evoked in the right hemisphere, but a APB total of 5 sites were evoked in the left hemisphere simultaneously. The optimal scalp site for both APB muscles was present at the same site. The MEPs of both muscles which were evoked by stimulation of the optimal scalp site, showed similar latencies, amplitudes, and figures of potential. The similarities in both MEPs and the same optimal scalp site support the assumption that MEPs of both APB muscles are produced by the corticospinal tract originating from the same motor cortex. Our results showed that the ipsilateral motor pathway extended from the unaffected left hemisphere to both hand muscles. This finding may reflect functional reorganization of motor area in a patient with congenital brain disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Yeungnam School of Medicine, Taegu, South Korea
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40
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Jin LH, Bahn JH, Eum WS, Kwon HY, Jang SH, Han KH, Kang TC, Won MH, Kang JH, Cho SW, Park J, Choi SY. Transduction of human catalase mediated by an HIV-1 TAT protein basic domain and arginine-rich peptides into mammalian cells. Free Radic Biol Med 2001; 31:1509-19. [PMID: 11728823 DOI: 10.1016/s0891-5849(01)00734-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 100] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Antioxidant enzymes such as superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) have been considered to have a beneficial effect against various diseases mediated by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Although a variety of modified recombinant antioxidant enzymes have been generated to protect against the oxidative stresses, the lack of their transduction ability into cells resulted in limited ability to detoxify intracellular ROS. To render the catalase enzyme capable of detoxifying intracellular ROS when added extracellularly, cell-permeable recombinant catalase proteins were generated. A human liver catalase gene was cloned and fused with a gene fragment encoding the HIV-1 Tat protein transduction domain (RKKRRQRRR) and arginine-rich peptides (RRRRRRRRR) in a bacterial expression vector to produce genetic in-frame Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins, respectively. The expressed and purified fusion proteins can be transduced into mammalian cells (HeLa and PC12 cells) in a time- and dose-dependent manner when added exogenously in culture medium, and transduced fusion proteins were enzymatically active and stable for 60 h. When exposed to H(2)O(2), the viability of HeLa cells transduced with Tat-CAT or 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins was significantly increased. In combination with transduced SOD, transduced catalase also resulted in a cooperative increase in cell viability when the cells were treated with paraquat, an intracellular antioxide anion generator. We then evaluated the ability of the catalase fusion proteins to transduce into animal skin. This analysis showed that Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins efficiently penetrated the epidermis as well as the dermis of the subcutaneous layer when sprayed on animal skin, as judged by immunohistochemistry and specific enzyme activities. These results suggest that Tat-CAT and 9Arg-CAT fusion proteins can be used in protein therapy for various disorders related to this antioxidant enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- L H Jin
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Division of Life Sciences, Hallym University, Chunchon, Kangwondo, South Korea
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Yoon HR, Hahn SH, Ahn YM, Jang SH, Shin YJ, Lee EH, Ryu KH, Eun BL, Rinaldo P, Yamaguchi S. Therapeutic trial in the first three Asian cases of ethylmalonic encephalopathy: response to riboflavin. J Inherit Metab Dis 2001; 24:870-3. [PMID: 11916321 DOI: 10.1023/a:1013948409790] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Three Korean girls with ethylmalonic encephalopathy, the first Asian cases, were identified. In all three cases, we observed slight improvement in motor functions, cognitive behaviours and chronic mucoid diarrhoea after treatment with riboflavin and/or coenzyme Q10 treatment. The precise pathogenesis of ethylmalonic encephalopathy has not been fully elucidated, but riboflavin treatment may be helpful.
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Affiliation(s)
- H R Yoon
- Metabolic Disease Detection Laboratory, Seoul Medical Science Institute, Korea
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42
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Lee YJ, Jin SW, Jang SH, Jang YS, Lee EK, Kim YJ, Lee MY, Park JC, Rho TH, Kim JH, Hong SJ, Choi KB. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium in a young adult. Korean J Intern Med 2001; 16:205-9. [PMID: 11769580 PMCID: PMC4531731 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2001.16.3.205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Spontaneous medialstinal emphysema (pneumomediastinum) and pneumopericardium may be defined as the presence of free air or gas in the mediastinal structures and in the pericardial sac without an apparent precipitating cause. It most frequently occurs in young healthy adults without serious underlying pulmonary disease. Although pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is often asymptomatic, it may cause pain in the neck and chest, dysphonia and shortness of breath. Treatment is supportive unless the patient has a history of trauma from foreign body aspiration. The course of spontaneous pneumomediastinum and pneumopericardium is usually benign and self-limited. A case of spontaneous pneumomediastinum, pneumopericardium and subcutaneous emphysema in a 20-year-old male is reported in this paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y J Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Catholic University of Korea, 520-2 Daehung2-dong, Chung-gu, Daejeon 301-723, Korea
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43
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Jang SH, Wientjes MG, Au JL. Kinetics of P-glycoprotein-mediated efflux of paclitaxel. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 298:1236-42. [PMID: 11504826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Paclitaxel is a substrate of the mdr1 P-glycoprotein (Pgp). The objective of the present study was to determine the kinetics of the Pgp-mediated efflux and its contribution to the overall efflux of paclitaxel at the clinically achievable concentration range of 1 to 1500 nM. Human breast carcinoma BC19 cells that were derived from MCF7 cells by mdr1 transfection and show a >10-fold higher level of the Pgp protein were used to measure the uptake and efflux of [(3)H]paclitaxel. A computational model of intracellular paclitaxel pharmacokinetics was developed to analyze for the Pgp efflux parameters. The results show a saturable Pgp-mediated efflux in BC19 cells; the dissociation constant was 14 nM, and the maximal efflux rate was 2.8 x 10(-4) pmol/h/cell. The contribution of Pgp-mediated efflux to the total efflux decreased with increasing extracellular drug concentrations; the Pgp efflux accounted for 86 and 34% of total efflux at 1 and 1500 nM, respectively. The validity of the model was confirmed by the close agreement between the model-predicted data and the experimentally obtained data (approximately 6% deviation) describing the effect of cell density and intracellular-to-extracellular concentration gradient on the kinetics of drug accumulation and efflux. In conclusion, our results indicate that the Pgp-mediated efflux represents a major efflux mechanism of paclitaxel at the low end of the clinically observed drug concentration range, but accounts for only a minor part of the efflux at higher concentrations in BC19 cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- College of Pharmacy, Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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44
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Jeon SG, Bahn JH, Jang JS, Jang SH, Lee BR, Lee KS, Park J, Kang TC, Won MH, Kim HB, Kwo OS, Cho SW, Choi SY. Molecular cloning and functional expression of bovine brain GABA transaminase. Mol Cells 2001; 12:91-6. [PMID: 11561735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We isolated a cDNA that encodes the bovine brain gamma-aminobutyrate transaminase (GABA-T; EC 2.6.1.19) from the lambda gt 11 cDNA library, which showed a high degree of sequence similarity to the corresponding enzymes from various sources. Northern blot analysis revealed two differentially expressed GABA-T transcripts of approximately 2.0 and 6.0 kb in the bovine tissues. Southern blot analysis indicates that the two GABA-T transcripts are encoded in a greater-than 10-kb, single-copy gene. Bovine GABA-T cDNA was expressed in E. coli using the pGEX bacterial- expression vector system. The overexpressed GABA-T was enzymatically active after purification, and it had very similar kinetic parameters when compared with those of other mammalian GABA-Ts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S G Jeon
- Department of Genetic Engineering, Hallym University, Chunchon, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE Some patients bedridden from various causes such as stroke or spinal cord injury experience poor control of bowel movement. This causes fecal leakage and diarrhea, increases the risk of perianal excoriation and bed sores, and is a burden on caregivers. To evaluate the efficacy of fecal evacuation and the prevention and treatment of skin complications in intractable diarrhea patients using a new device. METHODS A continent anal plug (US Patent No. 5 569 216) comprises an inner balloon surrounded by an outer balloon, both of which are mounted on a silicone tube containing a pair of air passages and an enema fluid inlet. The tube is secured in place in the rectum by the inflatable outer balloon and is designed to drain fecal matter through a thin collapsible hose situated in the anal canal. Thirty-two patients (21 male; median age 61 (range, 28-76) years) were evaluated after fully informed consent. Median duration was 12 (range, 3-37) days. RESULTS The continent anal plug evacuated efficiently in those patients with loose or watery stools who only required irrigation once daily or not at all. Skin excoriations improved in three to seven days. Minimal leakage was seen around the anus. There was no anorectal mucosal injury noted over 37 days. CONCLUSIONS The continent anal plug is an efficient method of treating patients with loss of bowel control and incontinence because it enables controlled fecal evacuation and helps reduce skin complications without causing anorectal mucosal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Kim
- Department of General Surgery, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University Hospital, 317-1, Dae-Myung Dong, Nam Gu, Tae-Gu City, 705-717 Korea
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Abstract
This presentation addresses the barriers and determinants and the importance of drug-induced apoptosis in drug transport and delivery to organs and solid tumors. In particular, we examined the roles of interstitial space, drug removal by capillaries, tissue structure and tissue composition on drug distribution. Drug transport in bladder tissues is described by the distributed model which combined monodimensional Fickian diffusion and first order removal of drug by the perfusing blood. Microscopic evaluation of the spatial drug distribution in bladder, prostate and tongue indicates heterogeneous drug distribution with large and erratic concentration gradient. In general, drug distribution favors interstitial space and vasculature, with little penetration in muscles. Drug penetration into 3-dimensional solid tumors is typically 5- to 10-fold slower than in monolayer cultures. The transport of highly protein-bound drugs such as paclitaxel and doxorubicin in a solid tumor is retarded by a high tumor cell density and enhanced by drug-induced apoptosis. Accordingly, the delivery of a highly protein-bound drug to cells in a solid tumor is affected by its apoptotic effects and is therefore determined by the drug concentration and the treatment duration, i.e. treatment schedule. Under in vitro and in vivo conditions, the delivery of highly protein-bound drugs to tumor can be enhanced by using a pretreatment that induces apoptosis and reduction in cell density, and by using treatment schedules designed to take advantage of these drug-induced changes in tumor tissue composition. In conclusion, in addition to the usual processes involved in drug transport such as distribution through vascular space, transport across microvessel walls, and diffusion through interstitial space in tumor tissue, other factors including tissue structure and composition and alteration by drug-induced apoptosis are important determinants of drug distribution in organs and solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- J L Au
- College of Pharmacy and James Cancer Hospital & Solove Research Institute, The Ohio State University, 500 West 12th Avenue, Columbus, OH 43210, USA.
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47
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Abstract
This report addresses the determinants of the rate and extent of paclitaxel accumulation in tumors. In a 2-dimensional system such as monolayers where the drug is directly in contact with tumor cells, drug accumulation is determined by the extracellular-to-intracellular concentration gradient, the drug binding to extracellular and intracellular macromolecules, the presence of the mdrl p-glycoprotein (Pgp). and the time-dependent and drug concentration-dependent changes in tubulins and cell density. Intracellular pharmacokinetic models were developed to depict the effects of these parameters. Computer simulation results indicate that at the clinically relevant concentration range of 1 to 1,000 nM, (a) the binding affinity and the number of intracellular saturable drug binding sites are important for drug accumulation at low and high extracellular concentrations, respectively, (b) saturation in the drug binding to the high affinity intracellular binding sites (e.g., tubulin/microtubule) occurs at extracellular drug concentration above 100 nM, (c) treatment with 1,000 nM paclitaxel for >4 hr results in increased levels of tubulin/microtubule and consequently increased intracellular drug accumulation, whereas the continued cell proliferation after treatment with low drug concentrations results in reduced intracellular accumulation, and (d) saturation of Pgp in mdr1-transfected cells occurs at the high end of the clinically relevant concentration range. In a 3-dimensional system such as the solid tumor histocultures, which contain tumor cells as well as stromal cells, the drug accumulation into the inner cell layers is determined by the unique properties of solid tumors, including tumor cell density and spatial arrangement of tumor and stromal tissues. Most interestingly, drug penetration is modulated by the drug-induced apoptosis; the reduced cell density due to apoptosis results in an enhancement of the rate of drug penetration into the inner cell layers of solid tumors. In conclusion, the uptake, accumulation, and retention of paclitaxel in solid tumors are determined by (a) factors that are independent of biological changes in tumor cells induced by paclitaxel, i.e., ratio of extracellular and intracellular concentrations, and drug binding to extracellular and intracellular macromolecules, and (b) factors that are dependent on the time- and drug concentration-dependent biological changes induced by paclitaxel, i.e., induction of apoptosis, enhancement of tubulin/microtubule production, and induction of Pgp expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, USA
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Ryu KH, Min BE, Choi GS, Choi SH, Kwon SB, Noh GM, Yoon JY, Choi YM, Jang SH, Lee GP, Cho KH, Park WM. Zucchini green mottle mosaic virus is a new tobamovirus; comparison of its coat protein gene with that of kyuri green mottle mosaic virus. Arch Virol 2001; 145:2325-33. [PMID: 11205120 DOI: 10.1007/s007050070023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
A novel virus we call zucchini green mottle mosaic virus (ZGMMV) was isolated from zucchini squash and its properties were determined. The size and shape of its virions, and other properties suggest that the virus is a tobamovirus. The coat protein (CP) genes of ZGMMV and kyuri green mottle mosaic virus (KGMMV), which also infects zucchini squash plants, were cloned and their nucleotides sequences were determined. The CP genes of ZGMMV and KGMMV are composed of 161 amino acid residues, and they share 77.6% amino acid identity. Western blot analysis showed that the two viruses are serologically related but not identical. Comparison of the sequences with those of sixteen other tobamoviruses revealed that the two viruses had much higher identity to cucumber green mottle mosaic virus (CGMMV), another tobamovirus infectious to cucurbit plants, than other tobamoviruses. The nucleotide and amino acid sequences of ZGMMV were from 29.5 to 78.4% and from 29.3 to 77.6% identical, respectively, to those of other tobamoviruses. The predicted virion assembly origins of the two tobamoviruses were located in the CP region of the genomic RNAs, and the predicted secondary structures were more similar to that of CGMMV than those of other tobamoviruses. The seventeen tobamo-viruses could be classified into three main subgroups based on the phylogenetic tree analysis on the CP gene, and ZGMMV and KGMMV formed a third subgroup together with CGMMV and sunn-hemp mosaic virus (SHMV). These results show that ZGMMV is a previously unknown member of the Tobamovirus genus.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Ryu
- Plant Virus GenBank, Department of Horticultural Science, Seoul Women's University, Republic of Korea
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Jang SH, Wientjes MG, Au JL. Enhancement of paclitaxel delivery to solid tumors by apoptosis-inducing pretreatment: effect of treatment schedule. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2001; 296:1035-42. [PMID: 11181938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The limited penetration of paclitaxel into solid tumors may limit its therapeutic efficacy. We recently showed a correlation between an increase in interstitial space and an enhancement of drug delivery in solid tumors. The present study evaluated whether this observation can be used to develop a treatment strategy, where an apoptosis-inducing pretreatment with paclitaxel is used to enhance its own delivery to solid tumors. In histocultures of human pharynx FaDu xenograft tumors, pretreatment with 1 microM nonradiolabeled paclitaxel, which resulted in approximately 25% apoptosis and a 25% reduction in cell density, enhanced the penetration rate of [(3)H]paclitaxel. Likewise, dividing a total drug exposure to two treatments, separated by an interval to allow apoptosis to occur, resulted in higher drug penetration rate and accumulation compared with giving the same drug exposure continuously. Similar results were obtained in rats bearing subcutaneously implanted prostate MAT-LyLu tumors; fractionation of the dose, to include 1) a pretreatment that yielded sufficient and clinically relevant plasma concentration to induce apoptosis and 2) a second dose given at an interval selected to allow apoptosis and reduction in tumor cell density to occur, resulted in higher tumor concentration compared with other treatments using the same total dose but either did not include an apoptosis-inducing pretreatment or did not allow for apoptosis to occur. We conclude that the pharmacological effect of paclitaxel affects its own delivery to solid tumors and that modifications of the paclitaxel treatment schedule can enhance drug delivery in solid tumors.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Jang
- College of Pharmacy, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio 43210, USA
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Abstract
Cyclic interactions occurring between a core RNA polymerase (RNAP) and its initiation factors are critical for transcription initiation, but little is known about subunit interaction. In this work we have identified regions of the single-subunit yeast mitochondrial RNAP (Rpo41p) important for interaction with its sigma-like specificity factor (Mtf1p). Previously we found that the whole folded structure of both polypeptides as well as specific amino acids in at least three regions of Mtf1p are required for interaction. In this work we started with an interaction-defective point mutant in Mtf1p (V135A) and used a two-hybrid selection to isolate suppressing mutations in the core polymerase. We identified suppressors in three separate regions of the RNAP which, when modeled on the structure of the closely related phage T7 RNAP, appear to lie on one surface of the protein. Additional point mutations and biochemical assays were used to confirm the importance of each region for Rpo41p-Mtf1p interactions. Remarkably, two of the three suppressors are found in regions required by T7 RNAP for DNA sequence recognition and promoter melting. Although these essential regions of the phage RNAP are poorly conserved with the mitochondrial RNAPs, they are conserved among the mitochondrial enzymes. The organellar RNAPs appear to use this surface in an alternative way for interactions with their separate sigma-like specificity factor, which, like its bacterial counterpart, provides promoter recognition and DNA melting functions to the holoenzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- P F Cliften
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics and Program in Molecular Biology, University of Colorado Health Sciences Center, Denver 80262, USA
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