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Ekenstedt KJ, Minor KM, Shelton GD, Hammond JJ, Miller AD, Taylor SM, Huang Y, Mickelson JR. A SACS deletion variant in Great Pyrenees dogs causes autosomal recessive neuronal degeneration. Hum Genet 2023; 142:1587-1601. [PMID: 37758910 PMCID: PMC10602964 DOI: 10.1007/s00439-023-02599-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
ARSACS (autosomal recessive spastic ataxia of Charlevoix-Saguenay) is a human neurological disorder characterized by progressive cerebellar ataxia and peripheral neuropathy. A recently recognized disorder in Great Pyrenees dogs is similarly characterized by widespread central nervous system degeneration leading to progressive cerebellar ataxia and spasticity, combined with peripheral neuropathy. Onset of clinical signs occurred in puppies as young as 4 months of age, with slow progression over several years. A multi-generation pedigree suggested an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance. Histopathology revealed consistent cerebellar Purkinje cell degeneration, neuronal degeneration in brainstem nuclei, widespread spinal cord white matter degeneration, ganglion cell degeneration, inappropriately thin myelin sheaths or fully demyelinated peripheral nerve fibers, and normal or only mild patterns of denervation atrophy in skeletal muscles. Genome-wide single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotype data was collected from 6 cases and 26 controls, where homozygosity mapping identified a 3.3 Mb region on CFA25 in which all cases were homozygous and all controls were either heterozygous or homozygous for alternate haplotypes. This region tagged the SACS gene where variants are known to cause ARSACS. Sanger sequencing of SACS in affected dogs identified a 4 bp deletion that causes a frame shift and truncates 343 amino acids from the C terminus of the encoded sacsin protein (p.Val4244AlafsTer32). Our clinical and histopathological descriptions of this canine disorder contribute to the description of human ARSACS and represents the first naturally occurring large animal model of this disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kari J Ekenstedt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Purdue University, Lynn Hall, 625 Harrison Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA.
| | - Katie M Minor
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
| | - G Diane Shelton
- Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - James J Hammond
- Department of Neurology, Pieper Memorial Veterinary Center, Middletown, CT, 06457, USA
| | - Andrew D Miller
- Section of Anatomic Pathology, Department of Population Medicine and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, 14853, USA
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - Yanyun Huang
- Prairie Diagnostic Services, Inc., Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B4, Canada
| | - James R Mickelson
- Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN, 55108, USA
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Lewis T, Care R, Kuta V, Secord S, Trites J, Corsten M, Rigby M, Taylor SM. The pericranial flap for inner lining of full-thickness nasal defects: a retrospective cohort study. J Laryngol Otol 2022; 137:532-536. [PMID: 35382912 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215122000937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Effective nasal reconstruction requires skin and soft tissue cover, cartilage or bone structure, and mucosal lining. Ideal lining is thin, pliable and vascularised, making reconstruction challenging. This paper presents the first case series with long-term outcomes of pericranial flaps used as inner lining for nasal reconstruction. METHODS Patients undergoing paramedial forehead flaps from 2007 to 2019 were identified using second-stage nasal reconstruction billing codes. Patients with pericranial flaps for lining, for whom there were data on resulting outcomes and complications, were identified. RESULTS Sixty-six patients underwent second-stage nasal reconstruction. Eighteen patients had paramedian forehead and pericranial flaps for inner lining reconstruction. The flap lining had no immediate post-operative complications. Three patients suffered partial to major reconstructive failure post radiotherapy. Other complications included nasal stenosis and orocutaneous fistula. CONCLUSION Combined with paramedian forehead flaps, the pericranial flap is reliable as inner lining for nasal reconstruction. It is easily accessible and useful in resections with limited mucosal options.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Lewis
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - R Care
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - V Kuta
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - S Secord
- Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J Trites
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - M Corsten
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - M Rigby
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - S M Taylor
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Horwich P, MacKay C, Bullock M, Taylor SM, Hart R, Trites J, Geldenhuys L, Williams B, Rigby MH. Specimen oriented intraoperative margin assessment in oral cavity and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2021; 50:37. [PMID: 34154663 PMCID: PMC8218466 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-021-00501-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Evaluate the oncologic outcomes and cost analysis of transitioning to a specimen oriented intraoperative margin assessment protocol from a tumour bed sampling protocol in oral cavity (OCSCC) and oropharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (OPSCC). STUDY DESIGN Retrospective case series and subsequent prospective cohort study SETTING: Tertiary care academic teaching hospital SUBJECTS AND METHODS: Retrospective case series of all institutional T1-T2 OCSCC or OPSCC treated with primary surgery between January 1st 2009 - December 31st 2014. Kaplan-Meier survival estimates with log rank tests were used to compare patients based on final margin status. Cost analysis was performed for escalation of therapy due to positive final margins. Following introduction of a specimen derived margin protocol, successive prospective cohort study of T1-T4 OCSCC or OPSCC treated with primary surgery from January 1st 2017 - December 31st 2018. Analysis and comparison of both protocols included review of intraoperative margins, final pathology and treatment cost. RESULTS Analysis of our intra-operative tumour bed frozen section protocol revealed 15 of 116 (12.9%) patients had positive final pathology margins, resulting in post-operative escalation of therapy for 14/15 patients in the form of re-resection (7/14), radiation therapy (6/14) and chemoradiotherapy (1/14). One other patient with positive final margins received escalated therapy for additional negative prognostic factors. Recurrence free survival at 3 years was 88.4 and 50.7% for negative and positive final margins respectively (p = 0.048). Implementation of a specimen oriented frozen section protocol resulted in 1 of 111 patients (0.9%) having positive final pathology margins, a statistically significant decrease (p < 0.001). Utilizing our specimen oriented protocol, there was an absolute risk reduction for having a final positive margin of 12.0% and relative risk reduction of 93.0%. Estimated cost avoidance applying the specimen oriented protocol to our previous cohort was $412,052.812017 CAD. CONCLUSION Implementation of a specimen oriented intraoperative margin protocol provides a statistically significant decrease in final positive margins. This change in protocol leads to decreased patient morbidity by avoiding therapy escalation attributable only to positive margins, and avoids the economic costs of these treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horwich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - C MacKay
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - M Bullock
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - S M Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - R Hart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - J Trites
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - L Geldenhuys
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
| | - B Williams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - M H Rigby
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, Nova Scotia, B3H 2Y9, Canada
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Forner D, Rigby MH, Corsten M, Trites JR, Pyne J, Taylor SM. Oncological and functional outcomes after repeat transoral laser microsurgery for the treatment of recurrent early glottic cancer. J Laryngol Otol 2020; 134:1-5. [PMID: 32079549 DOI: 10.1017/s0022215120000407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transoral laser microsurgery for glottic squamous cell carcinoma is the standard of care at many institutions. Repeat transoral laser microsurgery for recurrence may avoid the need for radiotherapy and total laryngectomy. This study aimed to identify oncological and functional outcomes in a cohort of patients who had undergone repeat transoral laser microsurgery procedures. METHOD A retrospective review of prospectively collected data of patients treated with transoral laser microsurgery for carcinoma in situ or tumour stages T1 or T2 glottic cancer, from 2003 to 2018. RESULTS Twenty patients were identified. Additional treatment was not needed in 45 per cent of patients. The five-year overall survival rate was 90 per cent. The disease-specific survival rate was 100 per cent. The laryngeal preservation rate was 85 per cent. There was improvement in mean Voice Handicap Index-10 scores following repeat transoral laser microsurgery treatment, when comparing the pre- and post-operative periods (mean scores = 15.5 vs 11.5, p = 0.373). CONCLUSION Repeat transoral laser microsurgery can be an oncologically safe alternative to other salvage therapies for glottic squamous cell carcinoma recurrence, without sacrificing functional outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Forner
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - M H Rigby
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - M Corsten
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J R Trites
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J Pyne
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada
| | - S M Taylor
- Division of Otolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Jackson C, Smith GT, Mpofu N, Dawson JMS, Khoza T, September C, Taylor SM, Inwood DW, Leach AS, Kramer D, Russell AE, Kucernak ARJ, Levecque PBJ. A quick and versatile one step metal–organic chemical deposition method for supported Pt and Pt-alloy catalysts. RSC Adv 2020; 10:19982-19996. [PMID: 35520426 PMCID: PMC9054134 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra03001e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A simple, modified Metal–Organic Chemical Deposition (MOCD) method for Pt, PtRu and PtCo nanoparticle deposition onto a variety of support materials, including C, SiC, B4C, LaB6, TiB2, TiN and a ceramic/carbon nanofiber, is described.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nobuhle Mpofu
- HySA/Catalysis
- Centre for Catalysis Research
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Andrew S. Leach
- Electrochemical Innovation Lab
- University College London
- London
- UK
| | - Denis Kramer
- Faculty of Engineering and the Environment
- University of Southampton
- Southampton
- UK
| | | | | | - Pieter B. J. Levecque
- HySA/Catalysis
- Centre for Catalysis Research
- Department of Chemical Engineering
- University of Cape Town
- South Africa
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Seizures are one of the most common neurologic problems recognized in cats, affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Treatment options and prognosis are closely related to the underlying cause, so it is important that veterinarians are familiar with the diagnostic approach to cats with seizures and options for medical management. Series outline: This is the first of a two-part article series that reviews the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in cats. Part 1 outlines the classification and terminology used to describe epilepsy and epileptic seizures in cats, and discusses some of the most common and unique causes of recurrent seizures in cats. The diagnostic approach to cats with recurrent seizures is addressed, as are criteria for the diagnosis of idiopathic epilepsy. AUDIENCE This review of recurrent seizures in cats is intended for all veterinarians who are facing the challenges of seizure diagnosis and management in the feline patient. Evidence base: Recommendations for diagnosis and management of feline seizure disorders have historically been extrapolated from the canine and human literature. The information and guidance provided in this two-part series is based on a review of the recent published literature addressing seizure disorders and antiepileptic treatment in cats, as well as the authors' clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hazenfratz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada
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Abstract
Practical relevance: Seizures are one of the most common neurological problems recognized in cats, affecting approximately 1-3% of the general population. Treatment options and prognosis are closely related to the underlying cause, so it is important that veterinarians are familiar with the diagnostic approach to cats with seizures and options for medical management. Series outline: This is the second of a two-part article series that reviews the diagnosis and treatment of seizures in cats. Part 2 describes chronic medical treatment options and prognosis for cats with recurrent seizures, and acute treatment of status epilepticus. AUDIENCE This review of recurrent seizures in cats is intended for all veterinarians who are facing the challenges of seizure diagnosis and management in the feline patient. Evidence base: Recommendations for diagnosis and management of feline seizure disorders have historically been extrapolated from the canine and human literature. The information and guidance provided in this two-part series is based on a review of the recent published literature addressing seizure disorders and antiepileptic treatment in cats, as well as the authors' clinical experience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michal Hazenfratz
- Department of Clinical Studies, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Canada
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N5B4, Canada
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Khoo AWS, Taylor SM, Owens TJ. Successful management and recovery following severe prolonged starvation in a dog. J Vet Emerg Crit Care (San Antonio) 2019; 29:542-548. [PMID: 31448525 DOI: 10.1111/vec.12878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2017] [Revised: 08/31/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To describe the successful management of a dog following a period of prolonged food deprivation. CASE SUMMARY A 7-year-old, intact male Labrador Retriever presented with profound weakness and loss of nearly 50% of his body weight due to severe prolonged starvation after being trapped in a well for 27 days. Electrolyte concentrations were managed with intensive intravenous supplementation during refeeding. The dog's electrolyte abnormalities resolved, wounds healed, and strength returned during the first 3 weeks of treatment. During the next 3 months, body condition score normalized and muscle mass improved. NEW OR UNIQUE INFORMATION PROVIDED This report describes the management of a severely malnourished dog during refeeding, and highlights treatment considerations that may be important in the prevention of refeeding syndrome in such cases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alison Wui Sing Khoo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
| | - Tammy J Owens
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada
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Gaunt MC, Carr AP, Taylor SM. Serological survey of canine vector-borne diseases in Saskatchewan, Canada. Can Vet J 2018; 59:1109-1111. [PMID: 30510318 PMCID: PMC6135302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Whole blood samples were collected from 515 dogs in the practice region surrounding Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada between 2008 and 2010 and evaluated for seroprevalence of vector-borne diseases. Of 515 samples, 12 (2.3%) were positive, with 7 (1.4%) positive for antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi. These prevalences are higher than those previously reported for this region.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casey Gaunt
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
| | - Anthony P Carr
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
| | - Susan M Taylor
- 615, 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 (Carr, Taylor)
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Ambros B, Gaunt MC, Duke-Novakovski T, Taylor SM. Effects of alfaxalone, thiopental, or propofol and diazepam on laryngeal motion in healthy dogs. Can Vet J 2018; 59:791-795. [PMID: 30026629 PMCID: PMC6005073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Laryngeal function is assessed by direct visualization of the larynx under a light plane of anesthesia. This study compared the effects of 3 anesthetic protocols on arytenoid motion in healthy dogs. Eight dogs were randomly assigned to receive alfaxalone, propofol and diazepam, or thiopental. Videolaryngoscopy was performed and still images at maximum inspiration and expiration were used to measure the area and height of the glottal gap. The normalized glottal gap area (NGGA = area in pixels/height2) was calculated. The NGAA change was defined as the difference between NGAA during inspiration and exhalation. Data were analyzed using Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis tests, P-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. No significant difference among induction protocols was found when comparing NGGA change after induction or before recovery. Alfaxalone and propofol/diazepam are useful for evaluation of laryngeal function when administered to effect and a light plane of anesthesia is maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Ambros
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Ambros, Duke-Novakovski, Taylor), Veterinary Microbiology (Gaunt), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; 615 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt)
| | - M Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Ambros, Duke-Novakovski, Taylor), Veterinary Microbiology (Gaunt), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; 615 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt)
| | - Tanya Duke-Novakovski
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Ambros, Duke-Novakovski, Taylor), Veterinary Microbiology (Gaunt), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; 615 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt)
| | - Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Ambros, Duke-Novakovski, Taylor), Veterinary Microbiology (Gaunt), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4; 615 5th Street East, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7H 1G4 (Gaunt)
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Horwich P, Rigby MH, MacKay C, Melong J, Williams B, Bullock M, Hart R, Trites J, Taylor SM. Laryngeal recurrence sites in patients previously treated with transoral laser microsurgery for squamous cell carcinoma. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2018; 47:14. [PMID: 29433567 PMCID: PMC5810005 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-018-0266-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The laryngeal framework provides a natural barrier preventing tumour spread to extralaryngeal structures. Transoral laser microsurgery (TLM) for laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) may violate these boundaries, altering the pathways of tumor spread for potential recurrences. Our project objective is to describe laryngeal SCC recurrence patterns and overall survival in patients requiring total laryngectomy (TL) after TLM. METHODS Patients undergoing TLM for laryngeal SCC requiring salvage TL were identified from a prospective CO2 laser database containing all patients undergoing TLM for head and neck malignancies at the QEII Health Sciences Center in Halifax, Nova Scotia between March 2002 - May 2014. Surgical pathology reports were analyzed for tumor characteristics, extent of recurrence and invasion of local structures. Kaplan-Meier analyses were performed to evaluate overall survival, disease specific survival (DSS) and locoregional control. RESULTS Fifteen patients were identified from the database as receiving salvage TL for recurrent disease after initial TLM resection for laryngeal SCC. Final pathology reports demonstrated that 67% (10/15) of patients had thyroid cartilage involvement while 53% (9/15) of patients had cricoid cartilage involvement on salvage TL pathology. 33% (5/15) of patients had perineural invasion and 27% (4/15) had lymphovascular invasion. Mean and median follow-up times were 36.7 months and 26.8 months respectively (range 3.9-112.6). The Kaplan-Meier estimate for overall survival at 36 months was 40% post TL with a standard error (SE) of 13.6%. DSS was 47% (SE 14.2%), and locoregional control was 55% (SE 14.5%) post TL. CONCLUSIONS Laryngeal recurrence sites following TLM seem to be consistent with historical data at known laryngeal sites of vulnerability. Treatment with TLM does not predispose patients to a lower rate of locoregional control and overall survival after total laryngectomy and salvage outcomes are consistent with literature values.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Horwich
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada.
| | - M H Rigby
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - C MacKay
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - J Melong
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - B Williams
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - M Bullock
- Department of Pathology, Division of Anatomical Pathology, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada
| | - R Hart
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - J Trites
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
| | - S M Taylor
- Department of Surgery, Division of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Queen Elizabeth II Health Science Centre and Dalhousie University, 3rd Floor Dickson Building, VG Site, 5820 University Avenue, Halifax, NS, B3H 2Y9, Canada
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12
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Harris AT, Tanyi A, Hart RD, Trites J, Rigby MH, Lancaster J, Nicolaides A, Taylor SM. Transoral laser surgery for laryngeal carcinoma: has Steiner achieved a genuine paradigm shift in oncological surgery? Ann R Coll Surg Engl 2018; 100:2-5. [PMID: 29046085 PMCID: PMC5849204 DOI: 10.1308/rcsann.2017.0190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Transoral laser microsurgery applies to the piecemeal removal of malignant tumours of the upper aerodigestive tract using the CO2 laser under the operating microscope. This method of surgery is being increasingly popularised as a single modality treatment of choice in early laryngeal cancers (T1 and T2) and occasionally in the more advanced forms of the disease (T3 and T4), predominantly within the supraglottis. Thomas Kuhn, the American physicist turned philosopher and historian of science, coined the phrase 'paradigm shift' in his groundbreaking book The Structure of Scientific Revolutions. He argued that the arrival of the new and often incompatible idea forms the core of a new paradigm, the birth of an entirely new way of thinking. This article discusses whether Steiner and colleagues truly brought about a paradigm shift in oncological surgery. By rejecting the principle of en block resection and by replacing it with the belief that not only is it oncologically safe to cut through the substance of the tumour but in doing so one can actually achieve better results, Steiner was able to truly revolutionise the management of laryngeal cancer. Even though within this article the repercussions of his insight are limited to the upper aerodigestive tract oncological surgery, his willingness to question other peoples' dogma makes his contribution truly a genuine paradigm shift.
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Affiliation(s)
- A T Harris
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - A Tanyi
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
- Collegium Helveticum, ETH/University of Zurich , Zurich , Switzerland
| | - R D Hart
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - J Trites
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - M H Rigby
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
| | - J Lancaster
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, University Hospital Aintree , Liverpool, Merseyside , UK
| | - A Nicolaides
- Department of Head and Neck Surgery, York Teaching Hospital NHS Trust , UK
| | - S M Taylor
- Division of Otolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Faculty of medicine, Dalhousie University , Halifax, Nova Scotia , Canada
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Taylor SM, Harry AV, Bennett MB. Living on the edge: latitudinal variations in the reproductive biology of two coastal species of sharks. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:2399-2418. [PMID: 27633581 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2016] [Revised: 05/28/2016] [Accepted: 07/25/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Differences in the reproductive biology of both the Australian weasel shark Hemigaleus australiensis and the Australian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon taylori were apparent between individuals from the southern-most extent of their range in eastern Australia (Moreton Bay) and those from northern Australia. For H. australiensis from Moreton Bay the total length (LT ) at which 50% of individuals were mature (LT50 ) was 759 mm for females and 756 mm for males, values that were respectively 17-26% larger than reported for the species in northern Australia. The relatively low percentage (63%) of pregnant mature females and presence of small, similar-sized, embryos in utero in both May and November suggested a semi-synchronous, annual reproductive cycle in Moreton Bay, whereas a synchronous, biannual reproductive cycle occurred in northern Australia. It is likely that H. australiensis has a resting phase between gestation cycles at the southern-most extent of its range. For R. taylori from Moreton Bay the LT50 s were 588 and 579 mm for females and males, respectively, values 2-3% larger than for individuals from the mid-Queensland coast and 31-35% larger than for individuals from northern Australia. The length at which 50% of the females were maternal (611 mm LT ) in Moreton Bay was greater than the LT50 , indicating that not all sharks mate immediately after maturing. Rhizoprionodon taylori in the south had an annual reproductive cycle incorporating a 7-8 month embryonic diapause, with pups probably born in February. A mean fecundity of 7·5 was almost double that reported from northern Australia. Regional variations in the reproductive characteristics of H. australiensis and R. taylori may influence their resilience to fishing and other anthropogenic pressures. The substantial differences reported here highlight the importance of region-specific life-history parameters to successful management and conservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Taylor
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries Western Australia, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia.
| | - A V Harry
- Western Australia Fisheries and Marine Research Laboratories, Department of Fisheries Western Australia, 39 Northside Drive, Hillarys, P.O. Box 20, North Beach, WA, 6920, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries & Aquaculture, College of Marine and Environmental Sciences, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4811, Australia
| | - M B Bennett
- School of Biomedical Sciences, The University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, 4072, Australia
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Abstract
John Gardner, among others, pleads that the world cries out for leadership. But women have in neither traditional nor contemporary managerial and political hierarchies been fairly represented in roles of leadership and power, especially considering that they proverbially "hold up half the sky." The authors explore the research on women and leadership and suggest that it is past time for leadership professionals to recognize, understand, and develop the contributions that women--uniquely or not--bring to the table of leadership.
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Butler A, Rigby MH, Scott J, Trites J, Hart R, Taylor SM. A retrospective review in the management of T3 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma: an expanding indication for transoral laser microsurgery. J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg 2016; 45:34. [PMID: 27233357 PMCID: PMC4884416 DOI: 10.1186/s40463-016-0147-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the functional and oncological outcomes of patients treated for T3 laryngeal squamous cell carcinoma. Specifically comparing transoral laser microsurgery and radiotherapy/chemoradiotherapy treatment modalities. METHOD A retrospective review of patients treated for T3 laryngeal SCC between 2002 and 2010 was undertaken. RESULTS Forty-nine patients were included. 15 cases were glottic, (9 treated with TLM, 6 with RT/CRT), 33 supraglottic (6 treated with TLM, 27 with RT/CRT) and 1 subglottic subsite (treated with RT/CRT). There was no statistical difference between treatment groups for 24 month locoregional control (72.3 %), overall survival (glottis 86.7 %, supraglottic 70.4 %) and disease specific survival (glottic 93.3 % and supraglottic 74.1 %). Overall laryngeal preservation (84.9 %) was also similar in both groups. CONCLUSION Our institution is expanding the application of TLM to selected patients with T3 laryngeal carcinoma. Oncological outcomes have not been jeopardized by this approach and the treatment is well tolerated by patients with few complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Butler
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada.
| | - M H Rigby
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J Scott
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - J Trites
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
| | - R Hart
- Dalhousie University, Halifax, Canada
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Yee LM, McGuire JM, Taylor SM, Niznik CM, Simon MA. Factors promoting diabetes self-care among low-income, minority pregnant women. J Perinatol 2016; 36:13-8. [PMID: 26513455 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2015] [Revised: 09/09/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To prospectively identify factors promoting healthy self-management of gestational and type 2 diabetes mellitus among underserved pregnant women. STUDY DESIGN Twenty-nine in-depth, semi-structured interviews were performed over the course of pregnancy for 10 women with diabetes. Interviews on factors promoting diabetes self-management used cognitive load theory to frame questions. Qualitative analysis of longitudinal interview data applied grounded theory techniques to generate themes. RESULT Half this cohort of minority, low-income, public aid-supported women had type 2 diabetes. Four themes, comprised of both internal self-driven motivators and external sources of support, were identified. These themes were: (1) disease familiarity and diabetes self-efficacy; (2) external motivation (for health of fetus and responsibilities to older children); (3) supportive social and physical environment; and (4) self-regulatory behavior, including goal responsiveness and long-term goal-setting. CONCLUSION Low-income women used multiple internal and external resources to promote health during a pregnancy complicated by diabetes. Successful behavior modification and achievement of diabetes care goals require leveraging these resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Yee
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J M McGuire
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S M Taylor
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - C M Niznik
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M A Simon
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA.,Departments of Preventive Medicine and Medical Social Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Cheryl Waldner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Susan M. Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, Saskatoon, Canada
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De Clerck YA, Alvarez O, Shimada H, Taylor SM, Langley KE. Tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases: role in tumor progression. Contrib Nephrol 2015; 107:108-15. [PMID: 8004956 DOI: 10.1159/000422968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Y A De Clerck
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Childrens Hospital of Los Angeles, Calif
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Snead ECR, Taylor SM, van der Kooij M, Cosford K, Beggs AH, Shelton GD. Clinical phenotype of X-linked myotubular myopathy in Labrador Retriever puppies. J Vet Intern Med 2015; 29:254-60. [PMID: 25581576 PMCID: PMC4308540 DOI: 10.1111/jvim.12513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2014] [Revised: 10/22/2014] [Accepted: 10/29/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Seven male Labrador Retriever puppies from 3 different litters, born to clinically normal dams and sires, were evaluated for progressive weakness and muscle atrophy. Muscle biopsies identified a congenital myopathy with pathologic features consistent with myotubular myopathy. Further investigations identified a pathogenic mutation in the myotubularin gene, confirming that these puppies had X‐linked myotubular myopathy (XLMTM). Objective To review the clinical phenotype, electrodiagnostic and laboratory features of XLMTM in this cohort of Labrador Retrievers. Results Male puppies with XLMTM were small and thin compared with their normal littermates. Generalized weakness and muscle atrophy were present by 7 weeks of age in some puppies and evident to most owners by 14 weeks of age. Affected puppies stood with an arched spine and low head carriage, and walked with a short, choppy stride. Muscle atrophy was severe and progressive. Patellar reflexes were absent. Laryngeal and esophageal dysfunction, and weakness of the masticatory muscles occurred in puppies surviving beyond 4 months of age. Serum creatine kinase activity was normal or only mildly increased. EMG findings were nonspecific and included positive sharp waves and fibrillation potentials. Clinical signs progressed rapidly, with most affected puppies unable to walk within 3–4 weeks after clinical signs were first noticed. Conclusions and Clinical Importance Although initial clinical signs of XLMTM are similar to the phenotypically milder centronuclear myopathy in Labrador Retrievers, XLMTM is a rapidly progressive and fatal myopathy. Clinicians should be aware of these 2 distinct myopathies with similar clinical presentations in the Labrador retriever breed.
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Affiliation(s)
- E C R Snead
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Abstract
BACKGROUND An increasing prevalence of reticulocytosis in the absence of anemia (RAA) in dogs has been suspected in recent years. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine whether prevalence of RAA in our canine population has been increasing over the last years, and to identify potential predisposing factors. METHODS The annual prevalence of RAA in adult dogs was determined between 2000 and 2012. Clinical histories and CBC data were analyzed for all dogs, as well as owner response to a questionnaire including information on nutrition and supplements was conducted for dogs with RAA identified between 2011 and 2012. In addition, serum iron concentration (Fe), total iron-binding capacity (TIBC), and percent transferrin saturation (%TS) were determined in 14 dogs with RAA and compared with 8 healthy control dogs. RESULTS Reticulocytosis in the absence of anemia was identified in 1035 dogs, with the prevalence increasing since 2006. Dogs with RAA evaluated after 2006 (n = 853) had significantly lower MCV and were more likely to have microcytosis than those prior to 2006 (n = 182). Increased incidence of osteoarthritis was observed in dogs evaluated after 2006, including the dogs studied between 2011 and 2012 (n = 31), and administration of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, omega-3 fatty acids, and glucosamine was more common in the latter. Significantly lower mean Fe and %TS, and higher TIBC were found in dogs with RAA compared to unaffected dogs. CONCLUSIONS Prevalence of RAA has increased in recent years in our canine population. More ubiquitous use of anti-inflammatory medications and nutraceuticals, associated with increased diagnosis of osteoarthritis should be considered as contributing factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kimberly M Pattullo
- Department of Veterinary Pathology, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Osinchuk S, Taylor SM, Shmon CL, Pharr J, Campbell J. Comparison between core temperatures measured telemetrically using the CorTemp® ingestible temperature sensor and rectal temperature in healthy Labrador retrievers. Can Vet J 2014; 55:939-945. [PMID: 25320380 PMCID: PMC4187377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
This study evaluated the CorTemp(®) ingestible telemetric core body temperature sensor in dogs, to establish the relationship between rectal temperature and telemetrically measured core body temperature at rest and during exercise, and to examine the effect of sensor location in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract on measured core temperature. CorTemp(®) sensors were administered orally to fasted Labrador retriever dogs and radiographs were taken to document sensor location. Core and rectal temperatures were monitored throughout the day in 6 resting dogs and during a 10-minute strenuous retrieving exercise in 6 dogs. Time required for the sensor to leave the stomach (120 to 610 min) was variable. Measured core temperature was consistently higher than rectal temperature across all GI locations but temperature differences based on GI location were not significant (P = 0.5218). Resting dogs had a core temperature that was on average 0.4°C above their rectal temperature with 95% limits of agreement (LoA) between 1.2°C and -0.5°C. Core temperature in exercising dogs was on average 0.3°C higher than their concurrent rectal temperature, with LoA of +1.6°C and -1.1°C.
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Furrow E, Minor KM, Taylor SM, Mickelson JR, Patterson EE. Relationship between dynamin 1 mutation status and characteristics of recurrent episodes of exercise-induced collapse in Labrador Retrievers. J Am Vet Med Assoc 2013; 242:786-91. [DOI: 10.2460/javma.242.6.786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Abstract
Size, sex and seasonal patterns among Carcharhiniformes were examined in shallow regions of Moreton Bay, Queensland, Australia. A total of 1259 sharks were caught, comprising 13 species. The Australian sharpnose shark Rhizoprionodon taylori and the blacktip complex Carcharhinus limbatus-Carcharhinus tilstoni comprised 55% of all shark individuals. Neonates were observed for five species including the dusky shark Carcharhinus obscurus, which contrary to previous reports was relatively abundant in shallow, predominantly estuarine waters. Three contrasting patterns of occurrence were observed: smaller species were abundant and present throughout much of their ontogeny, larger species were mainly caught as neonates or juveniles and vagrant species were only caught during the warmer months. The shark assemblage differed significantly among seasons. While many species were observed during the warmer months, species diversity was lower in winter when C. obscurus comprised 43% of the catch. Overall, the results indicated that spatial and temporal distribution patterns were not synchronous for all species. The capture of small numbers of neonate C. obscurus in late autumn and winter demonstrates that parturition among Carcharhiniformes is not confined to spring and summer in sub-tropical waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Taylor
- School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia
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Dhumeaux MP, Snead ECR, Epp TY, Taylor SM, Carr AP, Dickinson RM, Leis ML. Effects of a standardized anesthetic protocol on hematologic variables in healthy cats. J Feline Med Surg 2012; 14:701-5. [PMID: 22577050 DOI: 10.1177/1098612x12448588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of an anesthetic protocol using intravenous ketamine and midazolam, and intramuscular buprenorphine on hematologic variables in cats. Twelve healthy adult cats had blood collected for a complete blood count before and after the induction of anesthesia. There were significant decreases in red blood cell counts, hemoglobin concentrations and hematocrits after the induction of anesthesia. On average, red blood cell counts and hematocrits decreased by 25%, and hemoglobin concentrations decreased by 24%. Based on hematocrit, 3/12 samples (25%) taken while the cats were anesthetized would have been interpreted as belonging to anemic patients while none of the cats would have been considered anemic before anesthesia. This study suggests that a complete blood count performed on blood taken under anesthesia with this anesthetic protocol should be interpreted cautiously in order to not make a false diagnosis of anemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Dhumeaux
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
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Bulmer AC, Coombes JS, Blanchfield JT, Toth I, Fassett RG, Taylor SM. Bile pigment pharmacokinetics and absorption in the rat: therapeutic potential for enteral administration. Br J Pharmacol 2012; 164:1857-70. [PMID: 21486273 DOI: 10.1111/j.1476-5381.2011.01413.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Bilirubin and biliverdin possess antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties and their exogenous administration protects against the effects of inflammation and trauma in experimental models. Despite the therapeutic potential of bile pigments, little is known about their in vivo parenteral or enteral absorption after exogenous administration. This study investigated the absorption and pharmacokinetics of bile pigments after i.v., i.p. and intraduodenal (i.d.) administration in addition to their metabolism and routes of excretion. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Anaesthetized Wistar rats had their bile duct, jugular and portal veins cannulated. Bile pigments were infused and their circulating concentrations/biliary excretion were measured over 180 min. KEY RESULTS After i.v. administration of unconjugated bilirubin, biliverdin and bilirubin ditaurate, their plasma concentrations decreased exponentially over time. Subsequently, native and metabolized compounds appeared in the bile. When administered i.p., their absolute bioavailabilities equalled 14.0, 16.1 and 33.1%, respectively, and correspondingly 38, 28 and 34% of the same bile pigment doses were excreted in the bile. Administration of unconjugated bilirubin and bilirubin ditaurate i.d. increased their portal and systemic concentrations and their systemic bioavailability equalled 1.0 and 2.0%, respectively. Correspondingly, 2.7 and 4.6%, of the doses were excreted in the bile. Biliverdin was rapidly metabolized and these products were absorbed and excreted via the urine and bile. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Bile pigment absorption from the peritoneal and duodenal cavities demonstrate new routes of administration for the treatment of inflammatory and traumatic pathology. Oral biliverdin administration may lead to the production of active metabolite that protect from inflammation/complement activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A C Bulmer
- Heart Foundation Research Centre, Griffith Health Institute, Griffith University, Southport, Queensland, Australia.
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Minor KM, Patterson EE, Keating MK, Gross SD, Ekenstedt KJ, Taylor SM, Mickelson JR. Presence and impact of the exercise-induced collapse associated DNM1 mutation in Labrador retrievers and other breeds. Vet J 2011; 189:214-9. [PMID: 21782486 DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2011.06.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
The impact of the mutation causing dynamin 1 (DNM1)-associated exercise-induced collapse (d-EIC) was determined in a retrospective genetic survey. The frequency of DNM1 mutant allele carriers in Labrador retrievers from conformation show, field trial/hunt test, pet or service lines ranged from 17.9% to 38.0% and the frequency of homozygous mutant (EE genotype) individuals ranged from 1.8% to 13.6%; 83.6% of these EE Labradors were reported to have collapsed by 4 years of age. DNM1 mutation carriers and EE dogs with a collapse phenotype were also detected in Chesapeake Bay retrievers, Curly-coated retrievers, Boykin spaniels, Pembroke Welsh corgis and mixed breed dogs thought to be Labrador retriever crosses. The DNM1 mutation was not identified in Golden, Flat-coated, or Nova Scotia duck tolling retrievers, or 15 other non-retrieving breeds. Veterinarians and breeders should be aware that the DNM1 EE genotype is not completely penetrant and that d-EIC is a widespread health concern in several very popular breeds, as well as breeds whose genetic similarity to retrievers is not obvious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie M Minor
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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Breivik T, Gundersen Y, Gjermo P, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, Opstad PK. Oral treatment with complement factor C5a receptor (CD88) antagonists inhibits experimental periodontitis in rats. J Periodontal Res 2011; 46:643-7. [PMID: 21722134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0765.2011.01383.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE The complement activation product 5a (C5a) is a potent mediator of the innate immune response to infection, and may thus also importantly determine the development of periodontitis. The present study was designed to explore the effect of several novel, potent and orally active C5a receptor (CD88) antagonists (C5aRAs) on the development of ligature-induced periodontitis in an animal model. MATERIAL AND METHODS Three different cyclic peptide C5aRAs, termed PMX205, PMX218 and PMX273, were investigated. Four groups of Wistar rats (n = 10 in each group) were used. Starting 3 d before induction of experimental periodontitis, rats either received one of the C5aRas (1-2 mg/kg) in the drinking water or received drinking water only. Periodontitis was assessed when the ligatures had been in place for 14 d. RESULTS Compared with control rats, PMX205- and PMX218-treated rats had significantly reduced periodontal bone loss. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that complement activation, and particularly C5a generation, may play a significant role in the development and progression of periodontitis. Blockade of the major C5a receptor, CD88, with specific inhibitors such as PMX205, may offer novel treatment options for periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Breivik
- Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
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Nord AS, Roeb W, Dickel DE, Walsh T, Kusenda M, O'Connor KL, Malhotra D, McCarthy SE, Stray SM, Taylor SM, Sebat J, King B, King MC, McClellan JM. Reduced transcript expression of genes affected by inherited and de novo CNVs in autism. Eur J Hum Genet 2011; 19:727-31. [PMID: 21448237 DOI: 10.1038/ejhg.2011.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Individuals with autism are more likely to carry rare inherited and de novo copy number variants (CNVs). However, further research is needed to establish which CNVs are causal and the mechanisms by which these CNVs influence autism. We examined genomic DNA of children with autism (N = 41) and healthy controls (N = 367) for rare CNVs using a high-resolution array comparative genomic hybridization platform. We show that individuals with autism are more likely to harbor rare CNVs as small as ∼ 10 kb, a threshold not previously detectable, and that CNVs in cases disproportionately affect genes involved in transcription, nervous system development, and receptor activity. We also show that a subset of genes that have known or suspected allele-specific or imprinting effects and are within rare-case CNVs may undergo loss of transcript expression. In particular, expression of CNTNAP2 and ZNF214 are decreased in probands compared with their unaffected transmitting parents. Furthermore, expression of PRODH and ARID1B, two genes affected by de novo CNVs, are decreased in probands compared with controls. These results suggest that for some genes affected by CNVs in autism, reduced transcript expression may be a mechanism of pathogenesis during neurodevelopment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alex S Nord
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195, USA.
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Dhumeaux MP, Snead ECR, Hung GC, Taylor SM. Progesterone intoxication inducing marked sedation in a cat. J Feline Med Surg 2010; 12:811-3. [PMID: 20817586 DOI: 10.1016/j.jfms.2010.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/23/2010] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
A 3-year-old, male castrated domestic shorthair cat presented for sudden onset of severe lethargy and loss of balance a few hours after potentially ingesting capsules containing progesterone. Elevated serum progesterone was confirmed. Supportive care and time resulted in complete resolution of the clinical signs with no long-term complications or recurrence of clinical signs noticed after 1-month follow-up. This is the first description of progesterone intoxication inducing neurological signs in a cat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marc P Dhumeaux
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Stewart SA, Gaunt MC, Taylor SM, Snead ECR. Accidental entrapment of cats in front-loading washing machines. Can Vet J 2010; 51:1003-1006. [PMID: 21119868 PMCID: PMC2920156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Two clinical cases of accidental entrapment of cats in front-loading washing machines are described. One cat died the day after presentation as a result of aspiration pneumonia and head trauma, despite supportive care. The second cat survived with supportive treatment, but developed dermatologic complications 10 d later.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah A Stewart
- Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
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Taylor SM, Kenny J, Mallon T, Davidson WB. The micro-ELISA for antibodies to Trichinella spiralis: elimination of false positive reactions by antigen fractionation and technical improvements. Zentralbl Veterinarmed B 2010; 27:764-72. [PMID: 7013373 DOI: 10.1111/j.1439-0450.1980.tb02031.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
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Ravi M, Wobeser GA, Taylor SM, Jackson ML. Naturally acquired feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in cats from western Canada: Prevalence, disease associations, and survival analysis. Can Vet J 2010; 51:271-276. [PMID: 20514250 PMCID: PMC2822370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
This retrospective study evaluated epidemiologic features and disease associations of feline immunodeficiency virus (FIV) infection in client owned cats from western Canada. Among 1205 cats that were tested 66 (5.5%) were positive for FIV antibody (FIV(+)) with a higher prevalence in males than females. FIV(+) cats were older than the overall population. Epidemiologic features and disease associations were compared between 58 FIV(+), but feline leukemia virus negative (FeLV(-)) cats and 58 age and sex matched FIV-negative (FIV(-)), FeLV(-) cats. FIV positivity was associated with a history of bite wounds, increasing age, and male gender. Lethargy and oral diseases were significantly associated with FIV positivity. Although several FIV(+) cats were euthanized, the survival time of FIV(+) cats after diagnosis was not significantly different from that of FIV(-) cats. In summary, FIV prevalence was low in cats from western Canada, clinical signs/diseases were mild, and lifespan was not different in FIV(+) cats.
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Belyea J, Hart R, Trites J, Taylor SM. A case of autologous microfat grafting in lip reconstruction of a whistle deformity following cancer treatment. Can J Plast Surg 2010; 18:e53-e54. [PMID: 22131849 PMCID: PMC3006120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
A whistle deformity is defined as a deficiency in the vertical length of the lip so that the free margins of the upper and lower lips do not meet normally, giving the appearance of whistling. This is a common secondary deformity of the vermilion in patients with cleft lip. A case involving a 61-year-old man who developed a whistle deformity as a result of two wedge resections and postoperative radiotherapy for treatment of squamous cell carcinoma of the lower lip is presented. Hyaluronic acid-based tissue filler and autologous microfat transplantation to the lower lip were used for definitive management of the patient's whistle deformity. After one year of follow-up, the patient was pleased with the overall result and noted marked improvement of his oral competence and overall appearance of the lip. The present case demonstrates that microfat transplantation is a viable option for correcting a whistle deformity, not only after surgery, but also following adjuvant radiotherapy - both of which potentially reduce graft viability secondary to decreased vascularity of the recipient site.
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Affiliation(s)
- James Belyea
- Correspondence: Mr James Belyea, Division of Otolaryngology – Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, Dalhousie University, 5885 Spring Garden Road, Suite 101, Halifax, Nova Scotia B3H 1Y3.Telephone 902-292-5656, fax 902-473-4016, e-mail
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Nibblett BMD, Snead EC, Waldner C, Taylor SM, Jackson ML, Knorr LM. Anemia in cats with hemotropic mycoplasma infection: retrospective evaluation of 23 cases (1996-2005). Can Vet J 2009; 50:1181-5. [PMID: 20119543 PMCID: PMC2764518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
This study summarizes the diagnostic findings from all anemic cats diagnosed with hemotropic mycoplasma (HM) infections at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine-Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 1996 and 2005. The objectives were to determine the frequency of HM-induced anemia among all cats presented with anemia during this period, the clinical findings and risk factors associated with clinical HM infection, and factors affecting or predicting survival. Medical records were examined from 23 cats with HM-induced anemia from the total of 170 cats diagnosed with anemia during this period. The frequency of HM-induced anemia was 14% (23/170) among all anemic cats. Cats with HM-induced anemia were less likely to be purebred (P = 0.04) than other cats with anemia. Of the cats with HM-induced anemia, those with positive retroviral status (P = 0.01), concurrent illness (P < 0.01), or lack of erythroid regeneration (P = 0.01) were most likely to die. The 1-year survival of HM-infected cats was 65% (13/20).
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Affiliation(s)
- Belle Marie D. Nibblett
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Elisabeth C. Snead
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Cheryl Waldner
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Susan M. Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Marion L. Jackson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
| | - Laina M. Knorr
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Nibblett, Taylor, Knorr, Snead); Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences (Waldner); Department of Veterinary Pathology (Jackson); Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4
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Gaunt MC, Taylor SM, Kerr ME. Central nervous system blastomycosis in a dog. Can Vet J 2009; 50:959-962. [PMID: 19949557 PMCID: PMC2726023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
An adult golden retriever was presented for progressive neurologic dysfunction. Clinical examination suggested brainstem disease. Blastomycosis was diagnosed based on fine-needle aspiration cytology of a normal sized lymph node and a positive blastomycosis urine antigen test. Systemic blastomycosis with neurologic involvement was confirmed at necropsy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Casey Gaunt
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4.
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Cockwill KR, Taylor SM, Snead EC, Dickinson R, Cosford K, Malek S, Lindsay LR, de Paiva Diniz PPV. Granulocytic anaplasmosis in three dogs from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2009; 50:835-840. [PMID: 19881921 PMCID: PMC2711468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Three dogs from Saskatoon, Saskatchewan were diagnosed with acute granulocytic anaplasmosis. Fever, lethargy, inappetence, vomiting, diarrhea, and lameness were reported. Lymphopenia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly were identified in all dogs. Inclusions were identified within the cytoplasm of blood neutrophils, and infection with Anaplasma phagocytophilum was confirmed by polymerase chain reaction.
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Vargo CL, Taylor SM, Carr A, Jackson ML. The effect of a low molecular weight heparin on coagulation parameters in healthy cats. Can J Vet Res 2009; 73:132-136. [PMID: 19436582 PMCID: PMC2666318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2007] [Accepted: 03/04/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The low molecular weight heparin (LMWH), dalteparin sodium, was administered subcutaneously (100 IU/kg) to 8 healthy cats twice daily for 13 doses. Anti-activated factor X (anti-Xa) activity was measured prior to administration (time 0), and 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the 1st dose, 4 h after administration of the 3rd dose, and at 4, 6, 8, and 12 h after the last dose. Four cats developed measurable anti-Xa activity 4 h following a single dose, returning to baseline by 6 h. Anti-Xa activity was not detected at any time point in 4 cats. Prothrombin time (PT), activated partial thromboplastin time (APTT), and antithrombin (AT) concentrations were unaffected by LMWH administration. Dalteparin, at 100 IU/kg SC, did not achieve anti-Xa activity in 4 out of 8 cats and failed to maintain anti-Xa activity beyond 4 h in the other 4 healthy cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada.
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Taylor SM, Shmon CL, Adams VJ, Mickelson JR, Patterson ENE, Shelton GD. Evaluations of labrador retrievers with exercise-induced collapse, including response to a standardized strenuous exercise protocol. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2009; 45:3-13. [PMID: 19122058 DOI: 10.5326/0450003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and metabolic variables were evaluated in 14 Labrador retrievers with exercise-induced collapse (EIC) before, during, and following completion of a standardized strenuous exercise protocol. Findings were compared with previously reported variables from 14 normal Labrador retrievers that participated in the same protocol. Ten of 14 dogs with EIC developed an abnormal gait during evaluation, and these dogs were significantly more tachycardic and had a more severe respiratory alkalosis after exercise compared to the normal dogs. Muscle biopsy characteristics and sequential lactate and pyruvate concentrations were normal. Genetic testing and linkage analysis excluded malignant hyperthermia as the cause of EIC. Common causes of exercise intolerance were eliminated, but the cause of collapse in EIC was not determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4, Canada
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Arumugam TV, Woodruff TM, Lathia JD, Selvaraj PK, Mattson MP, Taylor SM. Neuroprotection in stroke by complement inhibition and immunoglobulin therapy. Neuroscience 2009; 158:1074-89. [PMID: 18691639 PMCID: PMC2639633 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Activation of the complement system occurs in a variety of neuroinflammatory diseases and neurodegenerative processes of the CNS. Studies in the last decade have demonstrated that essentially all of the activation components and receptors of the complement system are produced by astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. There is also rapidly growing evidence to indicate an active role of the complement system in cerebral ischemic injury. In addition to direct cell damage, regional cerebral ischemia and reperfusion (I/R) induces an inflammatory response involving complement activation and generation of active fragments, such as C3a and C5a anaphylatoxins, C3b, C4b, and iC3b. The use of specific inhibitors to block complement activation or their mediators such as C5a, can reduce local tissue injury after I/R. Consistent with therapeutic approaches that have been successful in models of autoimmune disorders, many of the same complement inhibition strategies are proving effective in animal models of cerebral I/R injury. One new form of therapy, which is less specific in its targeting of complement than monodrug administration, is the use of immunoglobulins. Intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) has the potential to inhibit multiple components of inflammation, including complement fragments, pro-inflammatory cytokine production and leukocyte cell adhesion. Thus, IVIG may directly protect neurons, reduce activation of intrinsic inflammatory cells (microglia) and inhibit transendothelial infiltration of leukocytes into the brain parenchyma following an ischemic stroke. The striking neuroprotective actions of IVIG in animal models of ischemic stroke suggest a potential therapeutic potential that merits consideration for clinical trials in stroke patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T V Arumugam
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center, 1300 Coulter Drive, Amarillo, TX 79106, USA.
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Taylor SM, Shmon CL, Shelton GD, Patterson E(NE, Minor K, Mickelson JR. Exercise-Induced Collapse of Labrador Retrievers: Survey Results and Preliminary Investigation of Heritability. J Am Anim Hosp Assoc 2008; 44:295-301. [DOI: 10.5326/0440295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Completed surveys were obtained from owners of 225 Labrador retrievers affected by the syndrome of exercise-induced collapse. Questions addressed signalment, age of onset, description of collapse episodes, and owner perception of activities and factors associated with collapse. Most dogs were young (mean 12 months) when collapse episodes began. Retrieving was the activity most commonly associated with collapse. Owners felt that excitement (187/225; 83%) and high environmental temperatures (71/225; 31%) increased the likelihood of collapse. Analysis of pedigrees collected from 169 affected dogs was most consistent with an autosomal recessive mode of inheritance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan M. Taylor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
| | - Cindy L. Shmon
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
| | - G. Diane Shelton
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
| | - Edward (Ned) E. Patterson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
| | - Katie Minor
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
| | - James R. Mickelson
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences (Taylor, Shmon), Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5B4 Canada; the
- Comparative Neuromuscular Laboratory (Shelton), Department of Pathology, School of Medicine, University of California-San Diego, La Jolla, California 92093-0709; and the
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences (Patterson) and Biomedical Sciences (Minor, Mickelson), College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, Minnesota 55108
- From the
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Patterson EE, Minor KM, Tchernatynskaia AV, Taylor SM, Shelton GD, Ekenstedt KJ, Mickelson JR. A canine DNM1 mutation is highly associated with the syndrome of exercise-induced collapse. Nat Genet 2008; 40:1235-9. [PMID: 18806795 DOI: 10.1038/ng.224] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Accepted: 07/01/2008] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Labrador retrievers are the most common dog breed in the world, with over 200,000 new kennel club registrations per year. The syndrome of exercise-induced collapse (EIC) in this breed is manifested by muscle weakness, incoordination and life-threatening collapse after intense exercise. Using a genome-wide microsatellite marker scan for linkage in pedigrees, we mapped the EIC locus to canine chromosome 9. We then used SNP association and haplotype analysis to fine map the locus, and identified a mutation in the dynamin 1 gene (DNM1) that causes an R256L substitution in a highly conserved region of the protein. This first documented mammalian DNM1 mutation is present at a high frequency in the breed and is a compelling candidate causal mutation for EIC, as the dynamin 1 protein has an essential role in neurotransmission and synaptic vesicle endocytosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edward E Patterson
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, Minnesota 55108, USA.
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McMillan CJ, Livingston A, Clark CR, Dowling PM, Taylor SM, Duke T, Terlinden R. Pharmacokinetics of intravenous tramadol in dogs. Can J Vet Res 2008; 72:325-331. [PMID: 18783021 PMCID: PMC2442675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2006] [Accepted: 09/26/2007] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to determine the pharmacokinetics of tramadol and the active metabolite mono-O-desmethyltramadol (M1) in 6 healthy male mixed breed dogs following intravenous injection of tramadol at 3 different dose levels. Verification of the metabolism to the active metabolite M1, to which most of the analgesic activity of this agent is attributed to, was a primary goal. Quantification of the parent compound and the M1 metabolite was performed using gas chromatography. Pharmacodynamic evaluations were performed at the time of patient sampling and included assessment of sedation, and evaluation for depression of heart and respiratory rates. This study confirmed that while these dogs were able to produce the active M1 metabolite following intravenous administration of tramadol, the M1 concentrations were lower than previously reported in research beagles. Adverse effects were minimal, with mild dose-related sedation in all dogs and nausea in 1 dog. Analgesia was not documented with the method of assessment used in this study. Tramadol may be useful in canine patients, but additional studies in the canine population are required to more accurately determine the effective clinical use of the drug in dogs and quantification of M1 concentrations in a wider population of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alex Livingston
- Address all correspondence to Dr. Alex Livingston; telephone: (306) 966-7414; fax: (306) 966-7376; e-mail:
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Cosford KL, Taylor SM, Thompson L, Shelton GD. A possible new inherited myopathy in a young Labrador retriever. Can Vet J 2008; 49:393-397. [PMID: 18481550 PMCID: PMC2275345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
A 5-month-old, male, Labrador retriever was evaluated for progressive weakness and muscle atrophy. Histologic evaluation of fresh frozen muscle revealed distinct cytoarchitectural changes and central mitochondrial accumulations indistinguishable from those found in the inherited myopathy described in Great Danes. Multiple male littermates and half-siblings were similarly affected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin L Cosford
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
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McMillan CJ, Taylor SM. Transtracheal aspiration in the diagnosis of pulmonary blastomycosis (17 cases: 2000-2005). Can Vet J 2008; 49:53-55. [PMID: 18320978 PMCID: PMC2147694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Blastomyces dermatitidis is a common etiologic agent of fungal pneumonia in dogs. Definitive diagnosis is based on cytologic demonstration of the organism in affected tissues. Fluid obtained through transtracheal aspiration has previously been reported to have a low diagnostic yield for B. dermatitidis organisms. This retrospective study identified B. dermatitidis organisms in 76% of samples when transtracheal aspiration was performed in 17 nonsedated dogs with pulmonary blastomycosis. Transtracheal aspiration is a noninvasive and simple procedure that should be considered as an early diagnostic test whenever blastomycosis is a differential diagnosis in dogs with pulmonary disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chantal J McMillan
- Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
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Ting E, Guerrero ATG, Cunha TM, Verri WA, Taylor SM, Woodruff TM, Cunha FQ, Ferreira SH. Role of complement C5a in mechanical inflammatory hypernociception: potential use of C5a receptor antagonists to control inflammatory pain. Br J Pharmacol 2007; 153:1043-53. [PMID: 18084313 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0707640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE C5a, a complement activation product, exhibits a broad spectrum of inflammatory activities particularly neutrophil chemoattraction. Herein, the role of C5a in the genesis of inflammatory hypernociception was investigated in rats and mice using the specific C5a receptor antagonist PMX53 (AcF-[OP(D-Cha)WR]). EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH Mechanical hypernociception was evaluated with a modification of the Randall-Selitto test in rats and electronic pressure meter paw test in mice. Cytokines were measured by ELISA and neutrophil migration was determined by myeloperoxidase activity. KEY RESULTS Local pretreatment of rats with PMX53 (60-180 microg per paw) inhibited zymosan-, carrageenan-, lipopolysaccharide (LPS)- and antigen-induced hypernociception. These effects were associated with C5a receptor blockade since PMX53 also inhibited the hypernociception induced by zymosan-activated serum and C5a but not by the direct-acting hypernociceptive mediators, prostaglandin E(2) and dopamine. Underlying the C5a hypernociceptive mechanisms, PMX53 did not alter the cytokine release induced by inflammatory stimuli. However, PMX53 inhibited cytokine-induced hypernociception. PMX53 also inhibited the recruitment of neutrophils induced by zymosan but not by carrageenan or LPS, indicating an involvement of neutrophils in the hypernociceptive effect of C5a. Furthermore, the C5a-induced hypernociception was reduced in neutrophil-depleted rats. Extending these findings in rats, blocking C5a receptors also reduced zymosan-induced joint hypernociception in mice. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS These results suggest that C5a is an important inflammatory hypernociceptive mediator, acting by a mechanism independent of hypernociceptive cytokine release, but dependent on the presence of neutrophils. Therefore, we suggest that inhibiting the action of C5a has therapeutic potential in the control of inflammatory pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ting
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, Brazil
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Vargo CL, Taylor SM, Haines DM. Immune mediated neutropenia and thrombocytopenia in 3 giant schnauzers. Can Vet J 2007; 48:1159-1163. [PMID: 18050797 PMCID: PMC2034425] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Neutropenia, thrombocytopenia, and splenomegaly were recognized in 3 adult female giant schnauzers. Antineutrophil antibodies were demonstrated in 2 dogs. Following splenectomy, administration of prednisone and azathioprine resulted in normalization of neutrophil and platelet numbers in all dogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheryl L Vargo
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, Western College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 52 Campus Drive, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan.
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White J, Taylor SM, Wolfram KL, O’Conner BP. Rabies in a 10-week-old puppy. Can Vet J 2007; 48:931-934. [PMID: 17966334 PMCID: PMC1950115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
A 10-week-old, male, border collie-cross puppy was examined for an acute onset of unilateral vestibular signs. Neurologic deterioration was rapid over the next 12 hours and the puppy was euthanized. Rabies was diagnosed by histopathologic and immunohistochemical examination.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan M. Taylor
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan Taylor; e-mail:
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Cockwill KR, Taylor SM, Philibert HM, Breitschwerdt EB, Maggi RG. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii endocarditis in a dog from Saskatchewan. Can Vet J 2007; 48:839-44. [PMID: 17824328 PMCID: PMC1914319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
A dog referred for lameness was diagnosed with culture-negative endocarditis. Antibodies to Bartonella spp. were detected. Antibiotic treatment resulted in transient clinical improvement, but the dog developed cardiac failure and was euthanized. Bartonella vinsonii subsp. berkhoffii genotype IV was identified within the aortic heart valve lesions by PCR amplification and DNA sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan M. Taylor
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan Taylor; e-mail:
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Crookshanks JL, Taylor SM, Haines DM, Shelton GD. Treatment of canine pediatric Neospora caninum myositis following immunohistochemical identification of tachyzoites in muscle biopsies. Can Vet J 2007; 48:506-8. [PMID: 17542369 PMCID: PMC1852590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
A 7-week-old Irish wolfhound was evaluated for an abnormal hind limb gait. Quadriceps muscle atrophy was pronounced and patellar reflexes were absent bilaterally. Neospora caninum myositis was diagnosed by histopathologic and serologic examination and immunohistochemical staining of muscle. Substantial clinical improvement was noted after 18 weeks of treatment with clindamycin.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Susan M. Taylor
- Address all correspondence and reprint requests to Dr. Susan M. Taylor; e-mail:
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