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Szarvas T, Molnár G, Nádudvari G, Tóth S, Almásy O, Spindler S, Erdei D, Pothorszky S, Kretschmer R, Bauer S. Bulk micro-defect detection with low-angle illumination. Rev Sci Instrum 2021; 92:043701. [PMID: 34243430 DOI: 10.1063/5.0027147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The detection of oxygen precipitates, voids, and other defects is critical for semiconductor wafer makers. One of the industry standard techniques for detecting these Bulk Micro-Defects (BMDs) is Semilab's Light Scattering Tomograph (LST) system. In this measurement, unpatterned wafers are nominally cleaved in half. Illumination is applied to the front surface of the sample, and the light scattered off of the defects is collected via the cleaved surface. This technique had been limited to the measurement of unpatterned wafers, but device makers show significant interest in measuring BMD distributions on patterned wafers using scattering-based techniques. A pattern on the surface of the wafer can cause significant scattering, making the standard LST technique unsuitable for this task. We present a solution for patterned wafer BMD measurements by an addition of a low-angle illumination unit to the standard LST system. This new illumination unit focuses the light into the bulk of the wafer via the cleaved surface, which enables measurement on patterned samples. The new system is called "light scattering tomograph enhanced by low-angle illumination." Excellent correlation was found between the detected defect densities obtained by the low-angle and the standard LST illumination mode.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Szarvas
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - G Molnár
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gy Nádudvari
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sz Tóth
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - O Almásy
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sz Spindler
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - D Erdei
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sz Pothorszky
- Semilab Co. Ltd., Prielle Kornélia u. 4/A, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
| | - R Kretschmer
- Siltronic AG, Einsteinstraße 172, 81677 Munich, Germany
| | - S Bauer
- Siltronic AG, Einsteinstraße 172, 81677 Munich, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- G. I. Orosz
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 9. Hungary 1111
| | - S. Tóth
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 9. Hungary 1111
| | - A. Aszódi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetem rkp. 9. Hungary 1111
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Dezsényi B, Tóth S, Horváth A, Szlávik J, Makrai Z, Strausz T, Nagy T, Dubóczki Z, Mersich T, Csomor J, Somorácz Á, Nehéz L, Patonai A, Doros A, Danka J, Kucsera I, Auer H, Rezza G, Barth T, Casulli A. Emerging human alveolar echinococcosis in Hungary. Early experiences in clinical management in a single center study from 2005-2018. Int J Infect Dis 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijid.2018.11.292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
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Abstract
The effects of a single large and repeated small doses of MPT-IP (the industrial product used to produce Wofatox EC 50) containing 60% methylparathion, on the humoral and cellular immunoreactivity of CFLP mice were investigated. Administration of a single LD50/2 dose 3 d prior to immunization caused a 40% increase in the number of splenic PFC on the 5th day but no significant increase in serum antibody titre on the 7th day after immunization. Treatment for 4 weeks with an LD50/40 dose resulted in a 100% increase in splenic PFC, also not associated with a change in serum antibody titre. Under the same conditions and LD50/20 dose had no effect on these parameters. Neither the single large nor the repeated small doses had any effect on the intensity or time course of a DTH reaction. The results show that MPT-IP has an immunotoxic potential in mice under certain experimental conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Institóris
- Department of Hygiene and Epidemiology, Albert Szent-Györgyi University Medical School, Szeged, Hungary
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Tiborcz L, Tóth S, Aszódi A. CFD investigation of flow in the MATIS-H test facility. KERNTECHNIK 2014. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110462] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
In this paper steps of calculations for a bare rod bundle and so-called swirl type spacer grid are showed and the effects of choice of model details are examined. The modeled pin bundle and spacer grid geometry are related to rectangular western type PWR fuel assemblies. First a CFD model has been developed for a subchannel of the MATIS-H test facility in order to carry out a mesh independence study. Based on the results a model for the half cross-section of the test bundle has been developed and calculations are carried out with different turbulence models. Translational periodicity is applied in axial direction in order to calculate a fully developed flow, which will be used as inlet boundary condition for spacer grid calculations. Results are compared with LDA (Laser Doppler Anemometry) measurements published in the frame of the OECD NEA MATIS-H benchmark. As a last step a model for rod bundle incorporating swirl type spacer grid is developed and calculations are carried out with different turbulence models using the results of the bare rod bundle simulations as inlet boundary conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- L. Tiborcz
- E-mail:
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetemrkp. 9 , Hungary 1111
| | - S. Tóth
- E-mail:
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetemrkp. 9 , Hungary 1111
| | - A. Aszódi
- E-mail:
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics , Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Budapest, Műegyetemrkp. 9 , Hungary 1111
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Tóth S, Aszódi A. CFD analysis of temperature deviations in Gd assembly heads. KERNTECHNIK 2013. [DOI: 10.3139/124.110372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
A CFD model for the head part of the VVER-440 fuel assemblies with Gd burnable poison has been developed. Using this model calculations are performed for some recent Gd assemblies of the Paks NPP with the code ANSYS CFX. The temperature distributions in the assembly heads are determined and the in-core thermocouple signals are evaluated. The computed signals are compared to the in-core measured data of Paks NPP. The study shows that the deviations between the in-core thermocouple signals and the cross-sectional average temperatures at the measurement level depend on the burn-ups of the fuel assemblies. These deviations are significant in the cases of low burn-ups and negligible in the cases of higher burn-ups. This behavior is caused by the depletion of Gd from the three fuel rods near the assembly center.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tóth
- Dr. Sándor Tóth , E-mail: , Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Műegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Aszódi
- Prof. Dr. Attila Aszódi , E-mail: , Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Műegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Abstract
A CFD model has been developed to investigate the coolant flow in the central tube of VVER-440 fuel assemblies. The model has been validated with measured data of Kurchatov Institute. With this model a peripheral and an inner fuel assembly of the core have been investigated and the mass flux and heatup ratios of the central tube flow have been determined. Based on this study, the outlet mass flux of the tube is 1.2 times higher than the inlet mass flux of the rod bundle and heat-up in the tube is 0.35 times lower than the heat-up in the rod bundle. The ratios are not sensitive to the operational conditions within the scope of these investigations. The results of these simulations can be used as boundary conditions for the central tube in the assembly head calculations.
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Affiliation(s)
- G. Zsíros
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Muegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - S. Tóth
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Muegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Aszódi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Institute of Nuclear Techniques, Muegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Abstract
Detailed CFD model for the head parts of the VVER-440 fuel assemblies with burnable poison has been developed. The coolant mixing was analyzed in some typical assemblies with this model and the signals of the in-core thermocouples above the selected assemblies were calculated. The investigations pointed out that the mixing is intensive in these assembly heads but the coolant is not perfectly mixed before reaching the thermocouples. Significant differences between the outlet average coolant temperatures and the thermocouple signals were revealed in the case of the fresh fuels. These deviations can cause about 6 % underestimations in the online monitored assembly powers unless a proper correction is introduced. The coolant mixing was also studied by means of numerical tracers and weight factors of selected rod bundle regions for the in-core thermocouple were determined. Using these weight factors and the outlet enthalpies of the assemblies' subchannels, the thermocouple signals can be corrected.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. Tóth
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques Muegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
| | - A. Aszódi
- Budapest University of Technology and Economics Institute of Nuclear Techniques Muegyetem rkp. 9., 1111 Budapest, Hungary
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Csobay-Novák C, Sótonyi P, Krepuska M, Zima E, Szilágyi N, Tóth S, Szeberin Z, Acsády G, Merkely B, Tekes K. Decreased plasma nociceptin/orphanin FQ levels after acute coronary syndromes. Acta Physiol Hung 2012; 99:99-110. [PMID: 22849833 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.99.2012.2.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2023]
Abstract
Foregoing researches made on the N/OFQ system brought up a possible role for this system in cardiovascular regulation. In this study we examined how N/OFQ levels of the blood plasma changed in acute cardiovascular diseases. Three cardiac patient groups were created: enzyme positive acute coronary syndrome (EPACS, n = 10), enzyme negative ACS (ENACS, n = 7) and ischemic heart disease (IHD, n = 11). We compared the patients to healthy control subjects (n = 31). We found significantly lower N/OFQ levels in the EPACS [6.86 (6.21-7.38) pg/ml], ENACS [6.97 (6.87-7.01) pg/ml and IHD groups [7.58 (7.23-8.20) pg/ml] compared to the control group [8.86 (7.27-9.83) pg/ml]. A significant correlation was detected between N/OFQ and white blood cell count (WBC), platelet count (PLT), creatine kinase (CK), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT) and cholesterol levels in the EPACS group.Decreased plasma N/OFQ is closely associated with the presence of acute cardiovascular disease, and the severity of symptoms has a significant negative correlation with the N/OFQ levels. We believe that the rate of N/OFQ depression is in association with the level of ischemic stress and the following inflammatory response. Further investigations are needed to clarify the relevance and elucidate the exact effects of the ischemic stress on the N/OFQ system.
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Sárvári M, Szego EM, Barabás K, Jávor A, Tóth S, Kovács Z, Abrahám IM. Genistein induces phosphorylation of cAMP response element-binding protein in neonatal hypothalamus in vivo. J Neuroendocrinol 2009; 21:1024-8. [PMID: 19840237 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.2009.01925.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effect of the phytoestrogen, genistein and 17beta-oestradiol on cAMP response element-binding protein (CREB) phosphorylation in the neonatal female rat hypothalamus in vivo using western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry. Although CREB expression was insensitive to the compounds we tested, administration of genistein and 17beta-oestradiol induced rapid CREB phosphorylation (< 15 min) in the hypothalamus and its level remained elevated at 4 h. Quantitative immunohistochemical analysis showed that genistein and 17beta-oestradiol had no effect on CREB phosphorylation in the magnocellular subdivision of paraventricular nucleus. By contrast, genistein induced a dose-dependent increase in CREB phosphorylation in the medial preoptic area (mPOA) and anteroventral periventricular nucleus (AVPV). Administration of 17beta-oestradiol also caused a rapid, dose-dependent increase in CREB phosphorylation in the hypothalamus, mPOA and AVPV. These results demonstrate that genistein induces oestrogen-like rapid action on CREB phosphorylation in the neonatal central nervous system in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sárvári
- Richter Gedeon Ltd. Molecular Neurobiology Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
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Osváth P, Mészáros Z, Tóth S, Kiss K, Mavroudes M, Ng N, Mészáros J. Physical and physiological performances in 10-year-old obese boys. Acta Physiol Hung 2009; 96:475-482. [PMID: 19942554 DOI: 10.1556/aphysiol.96.2009.4.8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Fatness generally has a negative influence on the performance of a variety of motor and cardiorespiratory fitness tests. The aim of this comparison was to analyse the effects of three grades of obesity on somatic growth, physical performance and oxygen consumption during exercise. Volunteer boys with definitely different grades of obesity were recruited for the comparison. In the group of mildly obese children (G1; n=23) BMI ranged between 24 kg.m -2 and 26 kg.m -2 ; and individual percent body fat was between 33% and 33.5%. In the case of moderate obesity (G2; n=23) BMI ranged between 26.5 kg.m -2 and 28.5 kg.m -2 ; and percent body fat was between 35% and 36%. In the extremely obese group (G3; n=20) BMI was greater than 31 kg.m -2 ; percent body fat was greater than 37.5%. Oxygen consumption during the 1,200 m run-test was measured by VIMEX-ST-type (USA) telemetric equipment.The greatest absolute aerobic power referred to the G3 boys, and the lowest oxygen consumption was characteristic of the mildly obese group. The very high differences between the body mass means resulted in a more marked inter-group variability in mean relative oxygen uptake.The predicted relative fat and high body fat content observed on the trunk, and the elevated level of resting blood pressure may indicate serious risks for the development of cardio-respiratory and metabolic disease. The very low oxygen consumption relative to body mass and poor physical performance are expected consequences of physiologic and environmental influences on the obese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Osváth
- Budapest Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Semmelweis University, Alkotás u. 44 H-1123 Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Although the contraindications for thoracic epidural anesthesia (TEA) are well defined, the debate continues about whether TEA improves outcomes. Pro and con trials and a metaanalysis in the past have yielded equivocal results; they did not deal with new vascular intervention or drugs. The benefit of TEA in surgery is to provide analgesia. In subgroups, TEA can decrease the mortality and morbidity. In contrast, the cost can increase in the situation of a complication that is opposite to the side effects is rare, but the impairment caused by them is out of proportion to the benefits. Primary or secondary prophylaxis with antithrombotic drugs is increasing in developed countries because of the increasing cardiovascular interventions and aging of the population. The neuroaxial guidelines are useful, but the changing of the coagulation profile after hepatectomy is not included in them. The decision to use TEA in liver surgery must be individualized with steps planned from the beginning. TEA suitability is based on an evaluation of the contraindications, comorbidities, coagulation profiles, hepatic reserve, and balance of benefits and risks. The insertion or withdrawal of the epidural catheter should be made with care according to the neuroaxial guidelines and in the presence of a normal TEG. The decreasing level of prothrombin content and platelet counts after hepatectomy should be closely monitored every 2 to 5 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fazakas
- Semmelweis Medical University, Transplantation and Surgical Department, Budapest, Hungary.
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Tóth S, Radnai M, Füle B, Doros A, Nemes B, Varga M, Fazakas J. Serum bilirubin over 50 μmol/l on postoperative day 5: causes, consequences and outcome. Crit Care 2008. [PMCID: PMC4088688 DOI: 10.1186/cc6538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
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Hegyesi H, Tóth S, Molnár V, Fülöp KA, Falus A. Endogenous and exogenous histamine influences on angiogenesis related gene expression of mice mammary adenocarcinoma. Inflamm Res 2007; 56 Suppl 1:S37-8. [PMID: 17806171 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-006-0518-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- H Hegyesi
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089 POB:370, Budapest, Hungary
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Horváth D, Tóth S, Tóth A. Periodic heterogeneity-driven resonance amplification in density fingering. Phys Rev Lett 2006; 97:194501. [PMID: 17155636 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.97.194501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2006] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
Periodic heterogeneity is introduced in experiments with thin solution layers where downward propagating planar autocatalytic fronts are hydrodynamically unstable and cellular patterns develop. The evolution of fingers is greatly affected by the spatial heterogeneity when the wave number associated with it falls in the vicinity of the most unstable mode of the reference system with uniform thickness. The imposed heterogeneity will drive the instability by amplifying the modes with the matching wave numbers as indicated by the experimentally constructed dispersion curves.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Horváth
- Department of Physical Chemistry, University of Szeged, P.O. Box 105, Szeged H-6701, Hungary
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Abstract
New limits have been established to decrease mortality and morbidity rates after liver resection in cirrhotic and non-cirrhotic patients. Various laboratory data and imaging techniques have been used to complement the Child-Pugh score to predict liver failure after hepatectomy and to assess functional hepatic reserve. The greatest experiences are with the aminopyrine breath test and the galactosyl elimination capacity, which are decreased among hepatic failure patients after liver resection. However, absence of these changes do not totally exclude it. The indocyanine green retention test is the most widely used clearance test. Nevertheless, it remains imperfect because it depends both on hepatic blood flow and on the functional capacity of the liver. Nuclear imaging of the asialoglicoprotein receptors with radiolabelled synthetic asialoglicoproteins provides volumetric information as well a functional assessment of the liver. In summary, while liver function is complex, a successful liver test to assess quantitative functional hepatic reserve still needs to be established. The combination of the Child-Pugh score, the presence of ascites, the serum bilirubin levels, the indocyanine green retention (ICG R15) value, and the remnant liver CT volumetry seems to avoid an index of liver failure after hepatic resection. Cases when ICG R15 is above 15% should be combined with portal vein embolization. If there is no possibility to perform an ICG clearance test, it may be replaced with other available, well known dynamic liver function tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fazakas
- Semmelweis University, Transplantation and Surgical Department, Budapest, Hungary.
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Mydlík M, Stubna J, Tóth S, Derzsiová K, Molcányiová A. [Continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis and respiratory pulmonary functions]. Vnitr Lek 2004; 50:503-6. [PMID: 15323256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023]
Abstract
Acidobasic balance and respiratory pulmonary functions were examined in 15 patients with chronic renal insufficiency during continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) using a dialysis solution containing 1.5% or 2.5% of glucose. Patients did not suffer from any pulmonary disease nor ischemic heart disease. Biochemical indicators of acidobasic balance were in reference range or on its lower margin. Respiratory pulmonary functions were in tolerance except maximum expiratory flow volume at 50% and 25% of vital capacity (MEF50 and MEF25) and except diffusion lung capacity (DLCO) which were decreased. Decrease of maximum expiratory flow could be caused by a loss of elasticity of pulmonary parenchyma and by a beginning increased resistance in peripheral pulmonary ways. Decreased DLCO was identified in majority of patients and was caused by anaemia and a minimal interstitial pulmonary edema. Use of a single peritoneal dialysis with dialysis solutions of various glucose concentrations did not have any significant effect on acidobasic balance markers nor pulmonary respiratory functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mydlík
- Nefrologická klinika Lekárskej fakulty UPJS a FN L. Pasteura, Kosice, Slovenská republika
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Babjaková L, Jurkovic I, Böör A, Krajcár R, Zák V, Tóth S. Brushing, sputum, bronchoalveolar lavage and imprint cytology in the Churg-Strauss syndrome. Cytopathology 2003; 14:166-7. [PMID: 12828729 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2303.2003.00049.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Wittner L, Eross L, Szabó Z, Tóth S, Czirják S, Halász P, Freund TF, Maglóczky ZS. Synaptic reorganization of calbindin-positive neurons in the human hippocampal CA1 region in temporal lobe epilepsy. Neuroscience 2003; 115:961-78. [PMID: 12435433 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00264-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The distribution, morphology, synaptic coverage and postsynaptic targets of calbindin-containing interneurons and afferent pathways have been analyzed in the control and epileptic CA1 region of the human hippocampus. Numerous calbindin-positive interneurons are preserved even in the strongly sclerotic CA1 region. The morphology of individual cells is altered: the cell body and dendrites become spiny, the radially oriented dendrites disappear, and are replaced by a large number of curved, distorted dendrites. Even in the non-sclerotic epileptic samples, where pyramidal cells are present and calbindin-immunoreactive interneurons seem to be unchanged, some modifications could be observed at the electron microscopic level: they received more inhibitory synaptic input, and the calbindin-positive excitatory afferents - presumably derived from the CA1, the CA2 and/or the dentate gyrus - are sprouted. In the strongly sclerotic tissue, with the death of pyramidal cells, calbindin-positive terminals (belonging to interneurons and the remaining excitatory afferents) change their targets. Our data suggest that an intense synaptic reorganization takes place in the epileptic CA1 region, even in the non-sclerotic tissue, before the death of considerable numbers of pyramidal cells. Calbindin-positive interneurons participate in this reorganization: they show plastic changes in response to epilepsy. The enhanced inhibition of inhibitory interneurons may result in the disinhibition of pyramidal cells or in an abnormal synchrony in the output region of the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wittner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, PO Box 67, H-1450, Budapest, Hungary
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Wiener Z, Tóth S, Gócza E, Kobolák J, Falus A. Mouse embryonic stem cells express histidine decarboxylase and histamine H1 receptors. Inflamm Res 2003; 52 Suppl 1:S53-4. [PMID: 12755409 DOI: 10.1007/s000110300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Z Wiener
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Lázár-Molnár E, Hegyesi H, Pállinger E, Kovács P, Tóth S, Fitzsimons C, Cricco G, Martin G, Bergoc R, Darvas Z, Rivera ES, Falus A. Inhibition of human primary melanoma cell proliferation by histamine is enhanced by interleukin-6. Eur J Clin Invest 2002; 32:743-9. [PMID: 12406022 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2362.2002.01020.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a bifunctional growth factor in malignant melanoma; its expression increases during the malignant progression of the disease. Histamine, detected in large amounts in normal and pathological proliferating tissues, is an important paracrine and autocrine regulator of normal and tumour cell proliferation as well. MATERIALS AND METHODS We investigated the presence and function of IL-6 and histamine in the WM35 primary human melanoma cell line with respect to their direct role in cell proliferation and their regulatory interactions. RESULTS IL-6 inhibited the proliferation of WM35 melanoma cells and increased significantly the expression of histidine decarboxylase as well as histamine production. It had dose-dependent effects on the proliferation: high concentration (10-5 M) was inhibitory through H1 histamine receptors while low histamine concentration acting on H2 receptors, with a simultaneous increase of cAMP, enhanced colony formation in the monolayer. Furthermore, IL-6 increased the H1- but decreased the H2-histamine receptor expression of the melanoma cells. On the other hand, histamine was locally synthesized by the WM35 melanoma cells. CONCLUSION We suggest that the growth arrest induced by IL-6 is in part mediated by its dual action on histamine: a shift toward H1 receptor predominance and an elevation of locally produced histamine with prevalent action on the inhibitory response triggered through the H1 receptor. These findings suggest a local cross-talk between histamine and IL-6 in the regulation of melanoma growth.
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Abstract
The ubiquitin (Ub)-proteasome proteolytic system is highly selective, and the specific proteins involved in cell division, growth, activation, signaling and transcription are degraded at different rate depending on the physio-pathological state of the cell. Ubiquitination serves first of all as a signal for protein degradation of short-lived and abnormal proteins under several stressful conditions. The immunocytochemical localization of Ub in some malignant tumours has recently been presented and differences in Ub expression has been observed during malignant transformation. Change in the level of Ub and Ub-conjugated proteins might reflect a higher metabolic-catabolic ratio in neoplastic cells. Most studies have been focused on the malignant stage of tumour progression, and only a few papers have dealt with the change in Ub and Ub-protein conjugates level during the whole progression. To address this problem, we applied an azaserine-induced pancreatic carcinogenesis model, in which premalignant and malignant stages were investigated throughout the progression. The level of Ub immunoreactivity was measured in nucleus and cytoplasm by electron microscopic immunocytochemical and morphometrical methods. We found a significant increase of Ub level in the nucleus and the cytoplasmic area in premalignant atypical acinar cell nodule (AACN) cells and in malignant adenocarcinoma in situ (CIS) cells at month 20 after initiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tóth
- Department of General Zoology, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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27
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Abstract
Growth regulation is a crucial event in tumour progression. Surprisingly, relatively few papers have dealt with the catabolic side of regulation, and there are practically no data regarding the autophagic process during tumour development. We approach this problem by morphometrical investigation into the possible changes of autophagic activity during the progression of rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced by azaserine. In the present study, autophagic capacity of the azaserine-induced premalignant and malignant cells were characterised and compared to the respective host tissue cells of the rat pancreas and to the acinar cells in other stages of tumour development. Using vinblastine (VBL) as an enhancer, and cycloheximide (CHI) as an inhibitor of autophagic segregation we observed that autophagic capacity of premalignant cells (month 6 and 10 after initiation) is much higher than in the host tissue cells. We found a sharp decrease in self-digesting capacity in adenocarcinoma cells (month 20) where VBL induced a minimal accumulation of autophagic vacuoles which was, surprisingly, not inhibited by CHI, i.e. the CHI-sensitive regulatory step was lost. The changes in autophagic capacity are probably associated to specific steps of tumour progression in our system.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Tóth
- Department of General Zoology, Eötvös Lorand University, Budapest, Hungary
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28
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Wittner L, Maglóczky Z, Borhegyi Z, Halász P, Tóth S, Eross L, Szabó Z, Freund TF. Preservation of perisomatic inhibitory input of granule cells in the epileptic human dentate gyrus. Neuroscience 2002; 108:587-600. [PMID: 11738496 DOI: 10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00446-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 138] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Temporal lobe epilepsy is known to be associated with hyperactivity that is likely to be generated or amplified in the hippocampal formation. The majority of granule cells, the principal cells of the dentate gyrus, are found to be resistant to damage in epilepsy, and may serve as generators of seizures if their inhibition is impaired. Therefore, the parvalbumin-containing subset of interneurons, known to provide the most powerful inhibitory input to granule cell somata and axon initial segments, were examined in human control and epileptic dentate gyrus. A strong reduction in the number of parvalbumin-containing cells was found in the epileptic samples especially in the hilar region, although in some patches of the granule cell layer parvalbumin-positive terminals that form vertical clusters characteristic of axo-axonic cells were more numerous than in controls. Analysis of the postsynaptic target elements of parvalbumin-positive axon terminals showed that they form symmetric synapses with somata, dendrites, axon initial segments and spines as in the control, but the ratio of axon initial segment synapses was increased in the epileptic tissue (control: 15.9%, epileptic: 31.3%). Furthermore, the synaptic coverage of granule cell axon initial segments increased more than three times (control: 0.52, epileptic: 2.10 microm synaptic length/100 microm axon initial segment membrane) in the epileptic samples, whereas the amount of somatic symmetric synapses did not change significantly. Although the number of parvalbumin-positive interneurons is decreased, the perisomatic inhibitory input of dentate granule cells is preserved in temporal lobe epilepsy. Basket and axo-axonic cell terminals - whether positive or negative for parvalbumin - are present, moreover, the axon collaterals targeting axon initial segments sprout in the epileptic dentate gyrus. We suggest that perisomatic inhibitory interneurons survive in epilepsy, but their somadendritic compartment and partly the axon loses parvalbumin or immunoreactivity for parvalbumin. The hyperinnervation of axon initial segments might be a compensatory change in the inhibitory network, but at the same time may lead to a more effective synchronization of granule cell firing that could contribute to the generation or amplification of epileptic seizures.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wittner
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Horváth BV, Falus A, Tóth S, Szalai C, Lázár-Molnár E, Holub MC, Buzás E, Nagy A, Fulop AK. Inverse regulation of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and IL-6 receptor in histamine deficient histidine decarboxylase-knock-out mice. Immunol Lett 2002; 80:151-4. [PMID: 11803046 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(01)00329-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6, a multifunctional cytokine upon binding to its receptor on hepatocytes regulates production of acute phase proteins involved in local and systemic inflammation. Gene expression and biosynthesis of IL-6 and its receptor (IL-6 R/gp130) is under complex regulation. Histamine, in addition to its principal role in immediate type hypersensitivity has been described to modulate IL-6 production and expression of IL-6 receptor. In this study, the IL-6 and IL-6 receptor expression was examined in histamine deficient histidine decarboxylase (HDC) knock-out mouse model. Our data suggest that in histamine deficient mice the inducibility of IL-6 is significantly reduced, whilst more IL-6 receptor/gp130 mRNA expresses in the liver than in wild type (HDC(+/+)) mice. These in vivo findings confirm earlier in vitro results and emphasize the efficacy of antihistamines in local IL-6 related processes.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Antigens, CD/metabolism
- Cytokine Receptor gp130
- Gene Deletion
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Gene Frequency
- Histamine/genetics
- Histamine/metabolism
- Histidine Decarboxylase/deficiency
- Histidine Decarboxylase/genetics
- Histidine Decarboxylase/metabolism
- Interleukin-6/blood
- Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Leukemia Inhibitory Factor Receptor alpha Subunit
- Liver/metabolism
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Membrane Glycoproteins/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Knockout
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Cytokine/genetics
- Receptors, Cytokine/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/metabolism
- Receptors, OSM-LIF
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Affiliation(s)
- B V Horváth
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1089, Budapest, Hungary
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30
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Varga VL, Fülöp AK, Holub MC, Tóth S, Szalai C, Falus A. gp130-specific antisense oligonucleotides inhibit IL-6 signal inducing junB mRNA transcription in the human hepatoma cell line, HepG2. Cell Biol Int 2001; 25:835-40. [PMID: 11482910 DOI: 10.1006/cbir.2001.0765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The biosynthesis of interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) and gp130 in vitro was blocked using specific antisense oligonucleotides (ASO) in HepG2 liver cells and the efficacy of various ASOs was tested on the generation of IL-6-induced junB mRNA. We used three ASOs specific for the IL-6 receptor, three specific for gp130 and a control (nonsense) oligonucleotide specific for epsilon-chain of IgE (not expressing in HepG2 cells). Our data indicate that a gp130-specific ASO, g2, was the most effective blocker of IL-6-induced junB mRNA, whilst the IL-6 receptor ASOs alone were ineffective. The mechanism of gene inactivation by ASO treatment was partially elucidated by demonstration of the loss of gp130 mRNA from cells treated with ASOs showing functional efficacy. Our data may help to design antisense oligonucleotides that are effective in therapy (e.g. as anti-inflammatory agents) in the future.
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MESH Headings
- Antigens, CD/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cytokine Receptor gp130
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- Humans
- Interleukin-6/pharmacology
- Membrane Glycoproteins/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/genetics
- Oligodeoxyribonucleotides, Antisense/pharmacology
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-jun/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/drug effects
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Receptors, Interleukin-6/genetics
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Transcription, Genetic
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
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Affiliation(s)
- V L Varga
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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31
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Lószió FA, Tóth S, Kocsis J, Szécsi M. Testosterone-secreting gonadotropin-responsive adrenal adenoma and its treatment with the antiandrogen flutamide. J Endocrinol Invest 2001; 24:622-7. [PMID: 11686546 DOI: 10.1007/bf03343904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
A 55-year-old woman with virilization had an appreciably elevated testosterone level, which was not suppressed by dexamethasone, but was increased by stimulation with human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG). Ultrasonography and computed tomography revealed an adenoma 2.5-3.0 cm in diameter in the right adrenal gland. The patient was treated with the antiandrogen flutamide in a daily dose of 500 mg for 4 months. A substantial regression of her hirsutism was observed during flutamide administration, but the serum testosterone level remained high. Right adrenalectomy was performed. Histologically, the tumor proved to be an adrenocortical adenoma of zona reticularis type. The adenoma tissue contained specific hCG receptors (187 fmol/g). The steroid concentration in the tumor tissue was examined by means of high pressure liquid chromatography-radioimmunoassay (HPLC-RIA). A significantly increased testosterone content was detected, and the levels of its precursors, androstenedione and dehydroepiandrosterone, were also elevated. Following adrenalectomy, serum testosterone concentration decreased to the normal level. The mechanism of the inappropriate regulation in the testosterone production of the adrenal tumor has not been fully elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- F A Lószió
- City Hospital, Kiskunfélegyháza, Hungary
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32
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Abstract
Originally described as the signal-transducing pathway of interferons, the JAK-STAT pathway soon turned out to participate in the signalling of numerous other immune and even non-immune mediators. Several murine knockout models have been described that underline the biological significance of this signalling system. Some human diseases (mainly neoplastic) are also known where malfunctioning of the JAK-STAT pathway is considered to participate in the pathogenesis. In this brief review article we will try to make a synopsis of its biological and clinical significance.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Igaz
- 2nd Department of Medicine, Semmelweis University, Faculty of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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33
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Hegyi K, Fülöp AK, Tóth S, Buzás E, Watanabe T, Ohtsu H, Ichikawa A, Nagy A, Falus A. Histamine deficiency suppresses murine haptoglobin production and modifies hepatic protein tyrosine phosphorylation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2001; 58:850-4. [PMID: 11437244 DOI: 10.1007/pl00000906] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Histidine decarboxylase (HDC) synthesizes endogenous histamine from histidine in mammals. HDC-deficient mice (HDC-/-), if kept on a histamine-free diet, have no histamine in their tissues. HDC-/- mice show multiple phenotypes. In this study we show that both the constitutively expressed and turpentine-induced level of an acute-phase protein, haptoglobin, is significantly lower in the serum of HDC-/- mice compared to that of wild-type animals. This effect was abolished if HDC gene-targeted mice received histamine-rich food. No differences were found when lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used to induce the acute-phase reaction. Using specific antibodies to phosphorylated tyrosine, we showed that protein tyrosine phosphorylation (Y-P) of approximately 50- and 26- to 27-kDa liver proteins is significantly decreased in HDC-/- mice, but that the difference was largely diminished if the animals were kept on a histamine-rich diet, suggesting that the phenotype with lower haptoglobin production is diet inducible. Upon in vivo treatment with LPS, Y-P band intensity decreased, regardless of the presence or absence of histamine. Identification of elements of the signalling pathway with decreased phosphorylation may elucidate the molecular background of the effect of endogenous histamine in the hepatic acute-phase reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hegyi
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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34
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Igaz P, Bösze S, Tóth S, Falus A, Hudecz F. C-terminal peptides of interleukin-6 modulate the expression of junB protooncogene and the production of fibrinogen by HepG2 cells. Biol Chem 2001; 382:669-76. [PMID: 11405230 DOI: 10.1515/bc.2001.079] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 (IL-6) is a 185 amino acid residue helical cytokine with various biological activities (e. g. B cell development, acute phase reaction). We have investigated the role of the 168-185 C-terminal region of IL-6 in the induction of fibrinogen synthesis and expression of junB mRNA using synthetic peptides corresponding to this region. Circular dichroism spectroscopy data suggest that even truncated peptides have a strong tendency to adopt an ordered conformation. Peptides were tested alone or in combination with recombinant hIL-6 on an IL-6 responsive human hepatoma HepG2 cell line. The expression of the protooncogene junB monitored by competitive RT-PCR represents an early, while the fibrinogen production detected by sandwich ELISA a late, marker of IL-6 initiated events. We found that peptides--depending on their structure--modulate spontaneous as well as IL-6 induced fibrinogen production and/or mRNA expression of junB by exhibiting inhibition (in the presence of IL-6) or stimulation (in the absence of IL-6).
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Affiliation(s)
- P Igaz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
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35
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Timár J, Tóth S, Tóvári J, Paku S, Raz A. Autocrine motility factor (neuroleukin, phosphohexose isomerase) induces cell movement through 12-lipoxygenase-dependent tyrosine phosphorylation and serine dephosphorylation events. Clin Exp Metastasis 2001; 17:809-16. [PMID: 11089878 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006731919589] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Autocrine motility factor (AMF) is one of the motility cytokines regulating tumor cell migration, therefore identification of the signaling pathway coupled with it has critical importance. Previous studies revealed several elements of this pathway predominated by lipoxygenase-PKC activations but the role for tyrosine kinases remained questionable. Motility cytokines frequently have mitogenic effect as well, producing activation of overlapping signaling pathways therefore we have used B16a melanoma cells as models where AMF has exclusive motility effect. Our studies revealed that in B16a cells AMF initiated rapid (1-5 min) activation of the protein tyrosine kinase (PTK) cascade inducing phosphorylation of 179, 125, 95 and 40/37 kD proteins which was mediated by upstream cyclo- and lipoxygenases. The phosphorylated proteins were localized to the cortical actin-stress fiber attachment zones in situ by confocal microscopy. On the other hand, AMF receptor activation induced significant decrease in overall serine-phosphorylation level of cellular proteins accompanied by serine phosphorylation of 200, 90, 78 and 65 kd proteins. The decrease in serine phosphorylation was independent of PTKs, PKC as well as cyclo- and lipoxygenases. However, AMF induced robust translocation of PKCalpha to the stress fibers and cortical actin suggesting a critical role for this kinase in the generation of the motility signal. Based on the significant decrease in serine phosphorylation after AMF stimulus in B16a cells we postulated the involvement of putative serine/threonine phosphatase(s) upstream lipoxygenase and activation of the protein tyrosine kinase cascade downstream cyclo- and lipoxygenase(s) in the previously identified autocrine motility signal.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Timár
- Department of Tumor Progression, National Institute of Oncology, Budapest, Hungary.
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36
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Toldi O, Tóth S, Oreifig AS, Kiss E, Jenes B. Production of phosphinothricin-tolerant rice (Oryza sativa L.) through the application of phosphinothricin as growth regulator. Plant Cell Rep 2000; 19:1226-1231. [PMID: 30754860 DOI: 10.1007/s002990000276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
A novel procedure has been developed to produce rice (Oryza sativa L.) tolerant to the herbicide phosphinothricin (PPT) by means of in vitro selection. First, sublethal and lethal concentrations of PPT on 7-day-old seedlings were determined and morphogenetic events in response to the PPT treatment evaluated. Differentiation of 6-30 microshoots on 5-40% of the treated plant material was observed on a hormone-free culture medium supplemented with a sublethal concentration of PPT. We proved that PPT is morphogenetically active, similar to the action of many other herbicides, showing cytokinin-like effects in rice tissue culture. Fertile plants were grown from those microshoots having PPT tolerance under greenhouse conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report on the production of rice plants tolerant to this herbicide without genetic transformation. Since PPT is a competitive inhibitor of glutamine synthetase (GS), total GS activity in PPT-tolerant and PPT-sensitive plants was examined comprehensively in order to decide whether this enzyme has any role in PPT tolerance. An elevated GS activity was detected in PPT-tolerant plant material which could result in an elevated PPT tolerance at unchanged concentrations of the herbicide.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Toldi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Monocot Cell Biology Group, 2101 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary e-mail: Fax: +36-28-430482, , , , , , HU
| | - S Tóth
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Monocot Cell Biology Group, 2101 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary e-mail: Fax: +36-28-430482, , , , , , HU
| | - A S Oreifig
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Monocot Cell Biology Group, 2101 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary e-mail: Fax: +36-28-430482, , , , , , HU
| | - E Kiss
- Saint Stephanus University, Department of Genetics and Plant Breeding, 2100 Gödöllő, Páter K. u. 1, Hungary, , , , , , HU
| | - B Jenes
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Monocot Cell Biology Group, 2101 Gödöllő, P.O. Box 411, Hungary e-mail: Fax: +36-28-430482, , , , , , HU
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37
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Hiripi L, Baranyi M, Szabó L, Tóth S, Fontaine ML, Devinoy E, Bösze Z. Effect of rabbit kappa-casein expression on the properties of milk from transgenic mice. J DAIRY RES 2000; 67:541-50. [PMID: 11131067 DOI: 10.1017/s0022029900004386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Transgenic mice were produced carrying the coding region of the rabbit kappa-casein gene linked to the upstream region of the rabbit whey acidic protein gene. Mice from the highest-expressing line produced 2.5 mg rabbit kappa-casein/ml in their milk. The foreign protein was associated with the casein micelles and altered micelle size, though in the high-expressing line rabbit kappa-casein also segregated into the whey fraction obtained after centrifuging the milk samples. Milk from transgenic mice had the same overall protein content as that from non-transgenic mice, except for the transgene product. However, litters fed with this transgenic mouse milk grew less well than litters given milk from non-transgenic mice. This reduction in growth was not related to changes in mammary gland structure or mammary cell morphology. Preliminary results indicated that milk from the transgenic mice had a higher viscosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Hiripi
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllo, Hungary
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38
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Abstract
Leukocyte subsets, total leukocyte isolates or full blood samples were subjected to medium-strength square-wave electric impulses (100 V/cm field force, 5 ms duration). On the surface of the leukocytes, the expressions of several markers (CD3, CD4, CD8, CD11a, CD11b and ICAM-1) were determined in order to study the influence of pulsed ionic currents on different aspects of the cellular immune response. Large individual differences were observed among randomly chosen healthy donors, both in the initial expression rate and in the response patterns of different antigens. As a general conclusion, it can be stated that electric impulses with the above parameters activate the state of immune response alertness of human leukocytes. Changes in the activities of several enzymes in the serum in response to electric impulses were also tested in order to examine the feasibility of ex vivo electric treatment of human blood for the establishment of an antiviral and immune activated condition. Slightly elevated lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) levels point to a possibility of enhanced haemolysis, while the lack of an elevation in the membrane-bound peroxidase activity indicates the absence of haemolysis. Significant rises were detected in the serum superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities. Since most ex vivo blood manipulations are characterised by the appearance of superoxide radicals in the serum, a SOD activity enhancement is considered beneficial in these cases. A mild, but significant reduction in the blood clotting time indicates that electric treatment of human blood should be performed with special attention to thrombosis-prone conditions, and adequate precautions and countermeasures should be introduced. Although wider examinations are required before this method can be fully recommended, ex vivo blood treatment with medium-strength electric impulses seems to be a promising adjuvant course for the establishment of acute immune potentiation and an antiviral state in patients undergoing dialysis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Filipic
- Institute of Microbiology and Immunology, Medical Faculty, Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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39
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Abstract
Tumour development and progression involves the expression of oncogenes and inactivation of tumour suppressor genes, leading to the appearance of multiple malignant characteristics. Malignant melanoma cells express different growth factors and cytokines and their receptors in respective stages of tumour progression, which by autocrine and paracrine effects enable them to grow autonomously and confer competence to metastasis. Autocrine growth factors (bFGF, MGSA/GRO, IL-8 and sometimes IL-6, PDGF-A, IL-10) produced by melanoma cells stimulate proliferation of the producing cell itself, while paracrine growth factors (for example PDGF, EGF, TGF-beta, IL-1, GM-CSF, IGF-I, NGF, VEGF) modulate the microenvironment to the benefit of tumour growth and invasion. Paracrine effects include angiogenesis, stroma formation, modulation of host immune response, activation of proteolytic enzymes, adhesion or motility and metastasis formation. Some growth factors have inhibitory effects on melanocytes and early lesions (IL-1, IL-6, TGF-beta, OSM, TNF and IFN) but not on advanced stage melanomas, and in some cases they switch to autocrine stimulator (IL-6, TGF-beta). Understanding the involvement of different growth factors and cytokines in the molecular mechanism of melanoma progression will help to provide an insight into new future therapeutic approaches for melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lázár-Molnár
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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40
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Igaz P, Horváth A, Horváth B, Szalai C, Pállinger E, Rajnavölgyi E, Tóth S, Rose-John S, Falus A. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor (sIL-6R) makes IL-6R negative T cell line respond to IL-6; it inhibits TNF production. Immunol Lett 2000; 71:143-8. [PMID: 10722865 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(00)00157-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
The receptor for interleukin-6 (IL-6) consists of two subunits: a ligand specific IL-6Ralpha and gp130 that is responsible for signal-transduction. A soluble form of the ligand specific chain was described that when complexed to IL-6 is capable of binding to the membrane-bound gp130 subunit and thus can elicit signal-transduction. This soluble receptor can act on cells that express only the gp130 but not the ligand-specific subunit of the IL-6R. This phenomenon, called trans-signaling, introduced a novel aspect of cytokine action. In this study we examined the response of Jurkat cells, that are known not to express IL-6Ralpha, to IL-6, the soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) and a covalent complex of IL-6 and sIL-6R termed Hyper-IL-6. We studied the expression of tumour necrosis factor (TNF) and interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma). The complex of IL-6+sIL-6R and Hyper-IL-6 inhibited significantly the production of TNF in a gp130-dependent manner, whereas no differences in IFN-gamma expression were found. IL-6 and sIL-6R alone were not effective. Because we did not detect major differences in the TNF mRNA levels upon treatments, we conclude that the inhibition of TNF production should occur at the post-transcriptional level. These results provide another example of trans-signaling and underline the physiological importance of sIL-6R, and in the case of Hyper-IL-6 its possible therapeutic application can also be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Igaz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, P.O. Box 370, Nagyvárad tér 4, 1445, Budapest, Hungary
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41
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Bösze Z, Hiripi L, Virág G, Tóth S, Makovic F, Fontaine ML, Devinoy E. Polymorphism of the rabbit kappa kasein gene and its influence on performance traits. Pflugers Arch 2000; 439:R2-3. [PMID: 10653121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/15/2023]
Abstract
The rabbit kappa-casein encoding gene has previously been shown to possess two alleles. The two alleles do not differ in their coding region and in the accumulation levels of mRNA. However they differ greatly with respect to their intronic regions. The rearranged regions in the first and fourth introns were found to be inverse and complementary LINE sequences. The A allele was found to be more frequent in different European breeds. Correlation of the kappa-casein genotype with the breeding capacity in a New Zealand White rabbit stock has been examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bösze
- Agricultural Biotechnology Center, Gödöllö, Hungary
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42
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Molnár EL, Hegyesi H, Tóth S, Darvas Z, László V, Szalai C, Falus A. Biosynthesis of interleukin-6, an autocrine growth factor for melanoma, is regulated by melanoma-derived histamine. Semin Cancer Biol 2000; 10:25-8. [PMID: 10888268 DOI: 10.1006/scbi.2000.0304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin-6 is an autocrine growth factor in advanced stage melanoma and biosynthesis of IL-6 is increased by histamine in various cell lines. In our study we analysed the direct relation of histamine and IL-6 synthesis in human melanoma cell lines. All melanoma cells contained IL-6 mRNA, but only metastatic melanoma cells secreted the IL-6 protein. The H1 histamine receptor antagonist triprolidine decreased gene expression and biosynthesis of IL-6, while other histamine receptor antagonists had no effect. These data indicate that endogenous histamine has a definite role in the regulation of local IL-6, suggesting that histamine and IL-6 could be part of autocrine growth regulation of the tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- E L Molnár
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunbiology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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Tokés AM, Paku S, Tóth S, Paál E, Kulka J, Tóth J, Telekes A. Tenascin expression in primary and recurrent breast carcinomas and the effect of tenascin on breast tumor cell cultures. Pathol Oncol Res 2000; 6:202-9. [PMID: 11033461 DOI: 10.1007/bf03032374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Tenascin is generally classified as an anti-adhesive protein. Many cells do not adhere to tenascin or if they adhere they do not spread. In this study we analysed the stromal expression of tenascin-C in primary, second primary and recurrent breast carcinomas and the ability of tenascin-C to stimulate the focal adhesion plaques in MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cell line. To assess the tenascin-C expression formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens of 20 specially selected breast carcinomas and their recurrences (14) or a second primary breast cancer of the same patient (6) were examined with immunohistochemical methods. We also studied the effect of tenascin-C on focal adhesion plaques added to MDA-MB-435 breast carcinoma cell line. During a median 2,9-year patient follow up 14 local recurrences and 6-second primary breast carcinomas developed in the 20 patients. In 3 cases a second recurrence occurred. The presence of tenascin in tumor cells, in the proliferating and some normal ducts, near to the tumor cell nests, in the stroma and in ductal carcinoma in situ component of the invasive carcinoma may suggest the role of tenascin played in tumor cell migration. Soluble tenascin added to the cell culture had minimal or no effect on focal adhesion plaques. Tenascin only seems not to be of prognostic value in predicting the local recurrence of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- A M Tokés
- Faculty of Medicine, Semmelweis University, 2nd Department of Pathology Ulloi, Budapest, H-1091, Hungary.
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Polgár A, Brózik M, Tóth S, Holub M, Hegyi K, Kádár A, Hodinka L, Falus A. Soluble interleukin-6 receptor in plasma and in lymphocyte culture supernatants of healthy individuals and patients with systemic lupus erythematosus and rheumatoid arthritis. Med Sci Monit 2000; 6:13-8. [PMID: 11208277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R) occurring in various body fluids of healthy persons and patients with various diseases is an agonist since its complex with IL-6 binds to gp130 making IL-6 receptor negative cells responsive for IL-6. The generation as well as the functional role of soluble IL-6 receptor is poorly understood. We measured the sIL-6R levels by ELISA sandwich technology in sera and in supernatants of lymphocyte cultures without and after incubations with dexamethasone. Our results indicate, that the sIL-6R levels in sera of patients with inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and active rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were higher than those of the control group, active SLE and inactive RA. In vitro dexamethasone treatment stimulated generation of sIL-6R in both healthy persons and in active SLE, however it strongly suppressed sIL-6R in both RA groups. At mRNA level, we found that in SLE both the mRNA coding the cell-bound and an alternatively spliced variant corresponding to soluble IL-6R transcript increases, however the strong decrease of sIL6R protein in RA was not found at mRNA level.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Polgár
- National Institute of Rheumatology and Physiotherapy, Budapest, Hungary
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Abstract
Although cellular autophagy is recognized as a major pathway of macromolecular catabolism, little data are available regarding its activity or regulation in tumor cells. We approach this problem by morphometrical investigation into the possible changes in autophagic activity during progression of rat pancreatic adenocarcinoma induced by azaserine and promoted by a raw soya flour-containing pancreatotrophic diet. In the present study, the autophagic capacity of the carcinogen-induced premalignant atypical acinar nodule cells was characterized and compared with controls (normal tissue of rats kept on standard laboratory or pancreatotrophic diet and host tissue of the premalignant nodules of the azaserine-treated rats). Given for 90 min, vinblastine, an enhancer of autophagic segregation (i.e. formation of autophagic vacuoles), caused a one to two orders of magnitude larger expansion of the autophagic compartment in atypical nodule cells than in the controls. Then a 20 min blockade of segregation by cycloheximide led to regression of the autophagic compartment, which was barely measurable or moderate in the controls but exceeded 50% in the premalignant cells. At the same time, the cytoplasmic volume fraction of early autophagic vacuoles regressed to a near zero value in each cell type. Expansion and regression rates of these nascent vacuoles showed that both segregation and degradation were 6-20 times faster in the nodule than in normal tissue cells. These results show that the autophagic capacity of the premalignant cells in our system is greatly increased, possibly making these cells unusually sensitive to up-regulation of their self-digesting activity in response to different extracellular signals or drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Réz
- Department of General Zoology, Loránd Eötvös University, pf 330, H-1445 Budapest, Hungary. grez2cerberus.elte.hu
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Abstract
The ability to manipulate gene expression by means of exogenously administered oligodeoxynucleotides complementary to specific sequences in the genome is clearly going to impact on many fields of biology and medicine including basic and clinical immunology. Also endogenously generated antisense RNA species are important in regulating gene expression. Antisense RNA has become a widely used tool for analysis of gene function and holds great promise for therapeutic use in the future. Thus, inhibition can take place on different levels (transcription, translation and aptamer binding). Avoiding unspecific reactions one has to use controls and well-designed oligonucleotides. Based on the studies described in this review, antisense oligonucleotides hold a great promise as a novel class of therapeutic agents in immunology as well as in oncology, neurology and viral infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- L V Varga
- Department of Genetics, Cell and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Elek G, Slowik F, Eross L, Tóth S, Szabó Z, Bálint K. Central neurocytoma with malignant course. Neuronal and glial differentiation and craniospinal dissemination. Pathol Oncol Res 1999; 5:155-9. [PMID: 10393370 DOI: 10.1053/paor.1999.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Central neurocytoma is a benign neuronal tumor of young adults in the lateral cerebral ventricles with characteristic X ray and light microscopic findings. In many respects typical central neurocytoma is reported below, with recurrence in the third month requiring reoperation. Death ensued in the fifth postoperative month. Subsequent histology proved progressive vascular proliferation and increasing, unusual glial differentiation of the neuronal tumor. At autopsy tumorous seeding blocked the liquor circulation. A thin tumorous layer covered the surface of all ventricles, the cerebellum and medulla oblongata. The GFAP positive cells out-numbered the synaptophysin positive ones. Increase of GFAP positivity and vascular proliferation of the central neurocytoma may be alarming signs suggesting a malignant course in addition to the other atypical features.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Elek
- Hospital of Hungarian Railways, Departments of Pathology Pathology of MAV Hospital at Pest, Podmaniczky u 11, Budapest, H-1062, Hungary
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Holub MC, Szalai C, Polgár A, Tóth S, Falus A. Generation of 'truncated' interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) mRNA by alternative splicing; a possible source of soluble IL-6R. Immunol Lett 1999; 68:121-4. [PMID: 10397166 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-2478(99)00040-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Receptors for interleukin-6 (IL-6) occur in body fluids in soluble form, as well. This is an approx. 50 kDa protein with the ability to bind IL-6. The soluble IL-6 receptor (sIL-6R)/IL-6 complex can attach to membrane anchored gp130, a molecule associated with the signal transduction induced by IL-6 and by other related cytokines. Earlier we described the appearance of sIL-6R in various body fluids of autoimmune patients. In this study using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) we isolated and characterised a truncated form of amplified cDNA reverse-transcribed from IL-6 receptor mRNA both from human hepatoma cell line HepG2 and mononuclear cells from inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) patients. Using digestion by Pvu II restriction endonuclease and direct nucleotide sequencing we conclude that alternative splicing is likely involved in generation of sIL-6R. Our further experiments suggest that IL-6 and recombinant sIL-6R themselves do not influence the alternative splicing of IL-6 receptor gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Holub
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University of Medicine, Budapest, Hungary
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Mihály K, Tóth S, Szlávik L, Tóth A, Csermely P. Attenuation of diabetic retinopathy by the molecular chaperone-inducer amino acid analogue canavanine in streptozotocin-diabetic rats. Cell Mol Life Sci 1998; 54:1154-60. [PMID: 9817993 DOI: 10.1007/s000180050243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The effect of canavanine treatment on the electroretinograms of healthy and streptozotocin-diabetic rats was studied. The characteristic amplitudes of the a-wave, W2 and W3 oscillatory potentials were markedly diminished in the 2-week streptozotocin-diabetic rats compared with those of the control rats. In contrast, the amplitudes of all the responses of the canavanine-pretreated streptozotocin-diabetic rats were practically indistinguishable from those of the control animals. Our results prompt further investigations for the use of amino acid analogues and other inducers of molecular chaperones in easing the chronic consequences of diabetes such as retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Mihály
- Department of Medical Chemistry, Semmelweis University, Budapest 8, Hungary
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Igaz P, Tóth S, Rose-John S, Madurka I, Fejér G, Szalai C, Falus A. Soluble interleukin 6 (IL-6) receptor influences the expression of the protooncogene junB and the production of fibrinogen in the HepG2 human hepatoma cell line and primary rat hepatocytes. Cytokine 1998; 10:620-6. [PMID: 9722935 DOI: 10.1006/cyto.1997.0330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Interleukin 6 (IL-6) belongs to a family of cytokines using receptors sharing a common signal-transducing chain, gp130 and containing a specific ligand-binding chain (IL-6R alpha). It was shown that both the membrane-bound and the soluble form (sIL-6R) of this ligand specific receptor chain occurs naturally. The soluble form of IL-6 receptor was found to be able to associate with the membrane-bound gp130 and to generate active IL-6 receptor complex capable of inducing signal transduction. This study on a human hepatoma cell line and primary rat hepatocytes examined how the effectiveness of IL-6 is modified by the presence of soluble IL-6 receptor and whether the sIL-6R in the absence of IL-6 acts on hepatocytes. The authors studied the gene expression of junB, a member of the Jun family of transcription factors, and the production of fibrinogen in response to IL-6 and sIL-6R. The data show that in hepatic cells, endogeneously expressing IL-6R, the IL-6 induced junB and fibrinogen expression is inhibited by the presence of sIL-6R. In addition we found that sIL-6R alone (in the absence of IL-6) induced junB mRNA expression, but had no effect on fibrinogen production.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Igaz
- Department of Genetics, Cell- and Immunobiology, Semmelweis University Medical School, Budapest, Hungary
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