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Emmett L, Subramaniam S, Crumbaker M, Nguyen A, Joshua AM, Weickhardt A, Lee ST, Ng S, Francis RJ, Goh JC, Pattison DA, Tan TH, Kirkwood ID, Gedye C, Rutherford NK, Sandhu S, Kumar AR, Pook D, Ramdave S, Nadebaum DP, Voskoboynik M, Redfern AD, Macdonald W, Krieger L, Schembri G, Chua W, Lin P, Horvath L, Bastick P, Butler P, Zhang AY, Yip S, Thomas H, Langford A, Hofman MS, McJannett M, Martin AJ, Stockler MR, Davis ID. [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 plus enzalutamide in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (ENZA-p): an open-label, multicentre, randomised, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2024:S1470-2045(24)00135-9. [PMID: 38621400 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(24)00135-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 02/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Enzalutamide and lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-617 both improve overall survival in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. Androgen and PSMA receptors have a close intracellular relationship, with data suggesting complementary benefit if targeted concurrently. In this study, we assessed the activity and safety of enzalutamide plus adaptive-dosed [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus enzalutamide alone as first-line treatment for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS ENZA-p was an open-label, randomised, controlled phase 2 trial done at 15 hospitals in Australia. Participants were men aged 18 years or older with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer not previously treated with docetaxel or androgen receptor pathway inhibitors for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer, gallium-68 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-PET-CT (PSMA-PET-CT) positive disease, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2, and at least two risk factors for early progression on enzalutamide. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) by a centralised, web-based system using minimisation with a random component to stratify for study site, disease burden, use of early docetaxel, and previous treatment with abiraterone acetate. Patients were either given oral enzalutamide 160 mg daily alone or with adaptive-dosed (two or four doses) intravenous 7·5 GBq [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 every 6-8 weeks dependent on an interim PSMA-PET-CT (week 12). The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) progression-free survival, defined as the interval from the date of randomisation to the date of first evidence of PSA progression, commencement of non-protocol anticancer therapy, or death. The analysis was done in the intention-to-treat population, using stratified Cox proportional hazards regression. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT04419402, and participant follow-up is ongoing. FINDINGS 162 participants were randomly assigned between Aug 17, 2020, and July 26, 2022. 83 men were assigned to the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group, and 79 were assigned to the enzalutamide group. Median follow-up in this interim analysis was 20 months (IQR 18-21), with 32 (39%) of 83 patients in the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 16 (20%) of 79 patients in the enzalutamide group remaining on treatment at the data cutoff date. Median age was 71 years (IQR 64-76). Median PSA progression-free survival was 13·0 months (95% CI 11·0-17·0) in the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 7·8 months (95% CI 4·3-11·0) in the enzalutamide group (hazard ratio 0·43, 95% CI 0·29-0·63, p<0·0001). The most common adverse events (all grades) were fatigue (61 [75%] of 81 patients), nausea (38 [47%]), and dry mouth (32 [40%]) in the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and fatigue (55 [70%] of 79), nausea (21 [27%]), and constipation (18 [23%]) in the enzalutamide group. Grade 3-5 adverse events occurred in 32 (40%) of 81 patients in the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 32 (41%) of 79 patients in the enzalutamide group. Grade 3 events that occurred only in the enzalutamide plus [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group included anaemia (three [4%] of 81 participants) and decreased platelet count (one [1%] participant). No grade 4 or 5 events were attributed to treatment on central review in either group. INTERPRETATION The addition of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 to enzalutamide improved PSA progression-free survival providing evidence of enhanced anticancer activity in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer with risk factors for early progression on enzalutamide and warrants further evaluation of the combination more broadly in metastatic prostate cancer. FUNDING Prostate Cancer Research Alliance (Movember and Australian Federal Government), St Vincent's Clinic Foundation, GenesisCare, Roy Morgan Research, and Endocyte (a Novartis company).
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Affiliation(s)
- Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Shalini Subramaniam
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Bankstown-Lidcombe Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Megan Crumbaker
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Nguyen
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; St Vincent's Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Weickhardt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Medicine and Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Siobhan Ng
- Department of Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Oncology, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Goh
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thean Hsiang Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian D Kirkwood
- Nuclear Medicine, PET and Bone Densitometry, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie K Rutherford
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aravind Ravi Kumar
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David Pook
- Department of Oncology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shakher Ramdave
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - David P Nadebaum
- Department of Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Mark Voskoboynik
- Department of Oncology, Alfred Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Central Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Macdonald
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | | | - Geoff Schembri
- Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Western Sydney University, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Lin
- South Western Sydney Clinical School, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Lisa Horvath
- Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patricia Bastick
- Department of Medical Oncology, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Patrick Butler
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, St George Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Yan Zhang
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Sonia Yip
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Hayley Thomas
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ailsa Langford
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Michael S Hofman
- Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence (ProsTIC), Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Margaret McJannett
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew James Martin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Martin R Stockler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Lee ST, Kovaleva N, Senko C, Kee D, Scott AM. Positron Emission Tomography/Computed Tomography Transformation of Oncology: Melanoma and Skin Malignancies. PET Clin 2024; 19:231-248. [PMID: 38233284 DOI: 10.1016/j.cpet.2023.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
Skin cancers are the most common cancers, with melanoma resulting in the highest cause of death in this category. Accurate clinical, histologic, and imaging staging with fludeoxyglucose positron emission tomography (FDG PET) is most important to guide patient management. Whilst surgical excision with clear margins is the gold-standard treatment for primary cutaneous melanoma, targeted therapies have generated remarkable and rapid clinical responses in melanoma, for which FDG PET also plays an important role in assessment of treatment response and post-therapy surveillance. Non-FDG PET tracers, advanced PET technology, and PET radiomics may potentially change the landscape of the utilization of PET in the imaging of patients with cutaneous malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Surgery, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; School of Health and Biomedical Sciences, RMIT University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Natalia Kovaleva
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Clare Senko
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - Damien Kee
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Center, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia; Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia.
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Liu B, Ma R, Shum E, Hormiz M, Lee ST, Poon AMT, Scott AM. FDG-PET/CT for investigation of pyrexia of unknown origin: a cost of illness analysis. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2024; 51:1287-1296. [PMID: 38057651 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-023-06548-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our study aims to explore the current utilisation of 18F-fluorodeoxyglucose positron emission tomography/computed tomography (FDG-PET/CT) in the diagnostic pathway of pyrexia of unknown origin (PUO) and associated cost of illness in a large tertiary teaching hospital in Australia. METHOD 1257 febrile patients between June 2016 and September 2022 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 57 patients who met the inclusion criteria of "classical PUO", of which FDG-PET/CT was performed in 31 inpatients, 15 outpatients and 11 inpatients did not have an FDG-PET/CT scan. The patient demographics, clinical characteristics and inpatient cost were analysed, together with the diagnostic performance of FDG-PET/CT and impact on clinical management. RESULT The mean age, length of stay and total cost of admission were higher for inpatients who received FDG-PET/CT versus those who did not. The median cost per patient-bed-day did not differ between the two groups. Inpatients who received earlier FDG-PET/CTs (≤ 7 days from admission) had shorter length of stays and lower total cost compared to those who received a later scan. A negative FDG-PET/CT scan, demonstrating no serious or life-threatening abnormalities resulted in subsequent discharge from hospital or outpatient clinic in 7/10 (70%) patients. There were 11/40 (28%) scans where ancillary abnormalities were identified, requiring further evaluation. CONCLUSION FDG-PET/CT showed high diagnostic accuracy and significant impact on patient management in patients with PUO. FDG-PET/CT performed earlier in admission for PUO was associated with shorter length of stay and lower total cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bonnia Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Rheumatology, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Melbourne Hospital, 300 Grattan St, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Ronald Ma
- Department of Finance, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Evonne Shum
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Maria Hormiz
- Department of General Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Aurora M T Poon
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Hofman MS, Emmett L, Sandhu S, Iravani A, Buteau JP, Joshua AM, Goh JC, Pattison DA, Tan TH, Kirkwood ID, Ng S, Francis RJ, Gedye C, Rutherford NK, Weickhardt A, Scott AM, Lee ST, Kwan EM, Azad AA, Ramdave S, Redfern AD, Macdonald W, Guminski A, Hsiao E, Chua W, Lin P, Zhang AY, Stockler MR, Williams SG, Martin AJ, Davis ID. Overall survival with [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): secondary outcomes of a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2024; 25:99-107. [PMID: 38043558 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(23)00529-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 10/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/09/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The TheraP study reported improved prostate-specific antigen responses with lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel. In this Article, we report the secondary outcome of overall survival with mature follow-up, and an updated imaging biomarker analysis. We also report the outcomes of participants excluded due to ineligibility on gallium-68 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (2-[18F]FDG) PET-CT. METHODS TheraP was an open-label, randomised phase 2 trial at 11 centres in Australia. Eligible participants had metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel, and PET imaging with [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 2-[18F]FDG that showed prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA)-positive disease and no sites of metastatic disease with discordant 2-[18F]FDG-positive and PSMA-negative findings. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) to treatment with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (every 6 weeks for a maximum of six cycles; starting at 8·5 GBq, decreasing by 0.5 GBq to 6·0 GBq for the sixth cycle) versus cabazitaxel (20 mg/m2 every 3 weeks, maximum of ten cycles). Overall survival was analysed by intention-to-treat and summarised as restricted mean survival time (RMST) to account for non-proportional hazards, with a 36-month restriction time corresponding to median follow-up. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03392428, and is complete. FINDINGS 291 men were registered from Feb 6, 2018, to Sept 3, 2019; after study imaging, 200 were eligible and randomly assigned to treatment with [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (n=99) or cabazitaxel (n=101). After completing study treatment, 20 (20%) participants assigned to cabazitaxel and 32 (32%) assigned to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 were subsequently treated with the alternative regimen. After a median follow-up of 35·7 months (IQR 31·1 to 39·2), 77 (78%) participants had died in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group and 70 (69%) participants had died in the cabazitaxel group. Overall survival was similar among those assigned to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus those assigned to cabazitaxel (RMST 19·1 months [95% CI 16·9 to 21·4] vs 19·6 months [17·4 to 21·8]; difference -0·5 months [95% CI -3·7 to 2·7]; p=0·77). No additional safety signals were identified with the longer follow-up in this analysis. 80 (27%) of 291 men who were registered after initial eligibility screening were excluded after [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 2-[18F]FDG PET. In the 61 of these men with follow-up available, RMST was 11·0 months (95% CI 9·0 to 13·1). INTERPRETATION These results support the use of [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 as an alternative to cabazitaxel for PSMA-positive metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer progressing after docetaxel. We did not find evidence that overall survival differed between the randomised groups. Median overall survival was shorter for men who were excluded because of low PSMA expression or 2-[18F]FDG-discordant disease. FUNDING Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group, Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Endocyte (a Novartis company), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Movember, It's a Bloke Thing, CAN4CANCER, and The Distinguished Gentleman's Ride.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir Iravani
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - James P Buteau
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Goh
- Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thean Hsiang Tan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Ian D Kirkwood
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Siobhan Ng
- Department of Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie K Rutherford
- School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunter New England Health, New Lambton, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Weickhardt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edmond M Kwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shakher Ramdave
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Macdonald
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex Guminski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal North Shore Hospital, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Yan Zhang
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin R Stockler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Prostate Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Cancer Imaging, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Martin
- Centre for Clinical Research, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Monash University Eastern Health Clinical School, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health Department of Cancer Services, Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Ryu HJ, Lee JH, Park CK, Kim TM, Choi SH, Lee ST. Distribution and Failure Patterns of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma Related to Hippocampus. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:S160-S161. [PMID: 37784403 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Hippocampus (HC) injury by conventional whole brain radiotherapy (C-WBRT) contributes to the neurocognitive decline in primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL). Hippocampal avoidance (HA-WBRT) could minimize neurocognitive impairment by reducing the radiation dose to HC. However, its feasibility in PCNSL has not been examined regarding the incidence of HC involvement and failures. In this retrospective study, we assessed the risk of hippocampal area involvement at diagnosis and after treatments in PCNSL patients. MATERIALS/METHODS We identified 278 immunocompetent PCNSL patients diagnosed between 2000 and 2020. After high dose methotrexate-based induction chemotherapy, patients were observed or given consolidation therapy including RT, cytarabine alone, or autologous stem cell transplantation (ASCT). HC was contoured on T1 MRI image and expanded with a 5mm margin, generating hippocampal avoidance region (HAR). The extent of initial and recurrent lesions was evaluated using pre-induction and post-consolidation T1 contrast-enhanced MRI images. HC failure was defined as recurrence or progression at HAR and those who progressed after induction were excluded. The median follow up was 38.7 months (3.1-239.4). RESULTS Of 278 patients diagnosed with PCNSL, 39.9% of them had initial lesions at HAR (Figure 1a). After induction therapy, 212 evaluable patients received following treatments: RT (n = 145, 68.4%) consisting of C-WBRT (n = 114), HA-WBRT (n = 23), and focal RT (n = 8), observation (n = 38, 17.9%), cytarabine only (24, 11.3%), and ASCT (n = 5, 2.4%). Intracranial failures occurred in 47.6% (n = 101) of patients, with 33.7% (n = 34) of them in HAR (Figure 1b). The multivariate analysis identified multifocal disease (HR 3.86, 95% CI 1.15-9.73, p = 0.004) as the only factor associated with the risk of HC failure. Those with unifocal lesion outside HAR showed the lowest HC failure rate, 7.0%, while the highest HC failure rate, 25.4% was observed in the subgroup with multifocal disease within HAR at diagnosis (Figure 2a). In the lowest risk group (unifocal lesion outside HAR, n = 66), C-WBRT was not significantly associated with HC failure (HR 0.57, CI 0.09-3.33, P = .572, Figure 2b) or intracranial failure (HR 0.88, CI 0.40-1.91, P = .748). CONCLUSION Our data suggest the HA-WBRT could be explored in patients whose lesion is unifocal and located outside HAR. For patients without initial HAR involvement, hippocampal including WBRT did not significantly change HC failure. Further prospective study will be warranted to assess the feasibility of HA-WBRT in the subgroup with low risk of HC failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Ryu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea; Department of Radiation Oncology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - C K Park
- Department of Neurosurgery, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - T M Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S H Choi
- Department of Radiology, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Neurology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea, Republic of (South) Korea
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6
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Manos K, Chong G, Keane C, Lee ST, Smith C, Churilov L, McKendrick J, Renwick W, Blombery P, Burgess M, Nelson NE, Fancourt T, Hawking J, Lin W, Scott AM, Barraclough A, Wight J, Grigg A, Fong CY, Hawkes EA. Immune priming with avelumab and rituximab prior to R-CHOP in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: the phase II AvR-CHOP study. Leukemia 2023; 37:1092-1102. [PMID: 36906715 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-023-01863-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 02/19/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023]
Abstract
Immune evasion, due to abnormal expression of programmed-death ligands 1 and 2 (PD-L1/PD-L2), predicts poor outcomes with chemoimmunotherapy in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL). Immune checkpoint inhibition (ICI) has limited efficacy at relapse but may sensitise relapsed lymphoma to subsequent chemotherapy. ICI delivery to immunologically intact patients may thus be the optimal use of this therapy. In the phase II AvR-CHOP study, 28 patients with treatment-naive stage II-IV DLBCL received sequential avelumab and rituximab priming ("AvRp;" avelumab 10 mg/kg and rituximab 375 mg/m2 2-weekly for 2 cycles), R-CHOP (rituximab, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisolone for 6 cycles) and avelumab consolidation (10 mg/kg 2-weekly for 6 cycles). Grade 3/4 immune-related adverse events occurred in 11%, meeting the primary endpoint of a grade ≥3 irAE rate of <30%. R-CHOP delivery was not compromised but one patient ceased avelumab. Overall response rates (ORR) after AvRp and R-CHOP were 57% (18% CR) and 89% (all CR). High ORR to AvRp was observed in primary mediastinal B-cell lymphoma (67%; 4/6) and molecularly-defined EBV-positive DLBCL (100%; 3/3). Progression during AvRp was associated with chemorefractory disease. Two-year failure-free and overall survival were 82% and 89%. An immune priming strategy with AvRp, R-CHOP and avelumab consolidation shows acceptable toxicity with encouraging efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kate Manos
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Chong
- Ballarat Regional Integrated Cancer Centre, Ballarat Central, VIC, Australia
| | - Colm Keane
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Charmaine Smith
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Leonid Churilov
- Melbourne Medical School, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Piers Blombery
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, East Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Tineke Fancourt
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Joanne Hawking
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Wendi Lin
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Joel Wight
- Townsville University Hospital, Douglas, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew Grigg
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Chun Yew Fong
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Eliza A Hawkes
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute at Austin Health, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.
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7
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Buteau JP, Martin AJ, Emmett L, Iravani A, Sandhu S, Joshua AM, Francis RJ, Zhang AY, Scott AM, Lee ST, Azad AA, McJannett MM, Stockler MR, Williams SG, Davis ID, Hofman MS, Akhurst T, Alipour R, Azad AA, Banks P, Beaulieu A, Buteau JP, Chua W, Davis ID, Dhiantravan N, Emmett L, Ford K, Hofman MS, Francis RJ, Gedye C, Goh JC, Guminski A, Hamid A, Haskali MB, Hicks RJ, Hsiao E, Iravani A, Joshua AM, Kirkwood ID, Kong G, Kwan EM, Langford A, Lawrence N, Lee ST, Lewin J, Lin P, Martin AJ, McDonald W, McJannett MM, Moodie K, Murphy DG, Ng S, Pattison DA, Pokorski I, Ramdave S, Ravi Kumar AS, Redfern AD, Rutherford NK, Saghebi J, Sandhu S, Scott AM, Spain L, Stockler MR, Subramaniam S, Tan TH, Thang SP, Tran B, Wallace R, Weickhardt A, Williams SG, Yip S, Zhang AY. PSMA and FDG-PET as predictive and prognostic biomarkers in patients given [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel for metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): a biomarker analysis from a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet Oncol 2022; 23:1389-1397. [DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(22)00605-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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8
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Hapgood G, Latimer M, Lee ST, Kuss B, Lade S, Tobin JWD, Purtill D, Campbell BA, Prince HM, Hawkes EA, Shortt J, Radeski D. Diagnosis, management and follow up of peripheral T cell lymphomas: A Consensus Practice Statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1806-1817. [PMID: 34668281 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Revised: 09/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Peripheral T-cell lymphomas (PTCLs) represent a heterogeneous disease group accounting for 10% of non-Hodgkin lymphomas. PTCL patients have typically poorer outcomes compared to aggressive B-cell lymphomas. However, such outcomes are heavily dependent upon subtype. Although anthracycline-based regimens such as cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, and prednisone (CHOP) remain the standard first-line treatment for most aggressive PTCLs, there are important variations including incorporation of novel agents, use of radiotherapy and judicious consideration of stem cell transplantation. Relapsed or refractory disease represents a significant area of unmet need where chemotherapy intensification has limited efficacy and novel agents such as brentuximab vedotin and pralatrexate provide additional opportunities for attainment of remission and potential stem cell transplant. In the future, pre-therapy prognostic biomarkers including genomic characterisation, may aid in risk stratification and help guide initial patient management to improve survival. There is an urgent need to better understand the pathogenesis of PTCLs to facilitate novel drug combinatorial approaches to improve survival. This position statement represents an evidence-based synthesis of the literature for application in Australian and New Zealand practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Hapgood
- Princess Alexandra Hospital, Brisbane, Australia.,University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - M Latimer
- The Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia
| | - S T Lee
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - B Kuss
- Flinders University, Bedford Park, Australia.,Flinders Medical Centre, Bedford Park, Australia
| | - S Lade
- Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J W D Tobin
- Mater Health, South Brisbane, Australia.,Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - D Purtill
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, Australia
| | - B A Campbell
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - H M Prince
- University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.,Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - E A Hawkes
- Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
| | - J Shortt
- Monash University, Clayton, Australia.,Monash Health, Clayton, Australia
| | - D Radeski
- University of Western Australia, Perth, Australia.,Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Nedlands, Australia
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9
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Wight J, Hamad N, Campbell BA, Ku M, Lee K, Rose H, Armytage T, Latimer M, Lee HP, Lee ST, Dickinson M, Khor R, Verner E. Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma: A consensus practice statement from the Australasian Lymphoma Alliance. Intern Med J 2021; 52:1609-1623. [PMID: 34532916 DOI: 10.1111/imj.15533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/12/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common lymphoma subtype, accounting for 30-40% of lymphoma diagnoses. Though aggressive, cure is achievable in approximately 60% of cases with primary chemo-immunotherapy, and in a further substantial minority by salvage therapy and autologous stem cell transplantation. Despite promising activity in early phase clinical trials, no intensified or novel treatment regimen has improved outcomes over R-CHOP21 in randomised studies. However, there remain several areas of controversy including the most appropriate prognostic markers, CNS prophylaxis and the optimal treatment for patients with high-risk disease. This position statement presents an evidence-based synthesis of the literature for application in Australasian practice. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wight
- Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, Australia.,Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,James Cook University, Townsville, Australia
| | - N Hamad
- Department of Haematology, St Vincent's Hospital Sydney, Australia.,School of Medicine, Sydney, University of Notre Dame Australia.,St Vincent's Clinical School, Sydney, University of New South UK
| | - B A Campbell
- Department of Radiation oncology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria.,Department of Clinical Pathology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria
| | - M Ku
- St Vincent's Hospital, Melbourne, Victoria
| | - K Lee
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Anatomical Pathology Department, NSW Health Pathology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - H Rose
- University Hospital Geelong, Victoria.,School of Medicine, Deakin University Geelong, Victoria
| | - T Armytage
- Department of haematology, Gosford Hospital, Gosford, New South, UK
| | - M Latimer
- Canberra Hospital, Canberra, Australia.,Australian National University, Canberra, Australia
| | - H P Lee
- Flinders Medical Centre, Adelaide, Australia
| | - S T Lee
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - M Dickinson
- The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Parkville, Victoria
| | - R Khor
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - E Verner
- School of Medicine, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia.,Department of Haematology, Concord Repatriation General Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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10
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Wight J, Wai SH, Shen E, Lee ST, Berlangieri S, Fancourt T, Hawkes E, Hannah A, Leung T, Chong G. Predicting primary treatment failure using interim FDG-PET scanning in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma. Eur J Haematol 2021; 107:475-483. [PMID: 34240453 DOI: 10.1111/ejh.13684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Revised: 07/05/2021] [Accepted: 07/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Interim FDG-PET (iPET) in diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is increasingly practised and used in clinical trials to adapt further therapy. However, the optimum timing and methodology of iPET remains controversial. We retrospectively analysed the iPET results and outcomes of 200 DLBCL patients where FDG-PET was routinely performed at baseline, after 2 cycles (iPET2) and at completion of chemoimmunotherapy. iPET was also performed after 4 cycles (iPET4) where at iPET2, Deauville score (DS) was ≥4. Scans were assessed by blinded expert lymphoma PET physicians for DS, maximum standard uptake value (SUVmax), total metabolic tumour volume (TMTV) and total lesion glycolysis (TLG). Treatment failure was defined as death, progression or refractory disease. 95.5% of patients received R-CHOP. No baseline PET parameter was predicted for EFS or OS independent of the NCCN-IPI. The multivariable analysis at iPET2 showed DS5 (19.5% of cases) predicted treatment failure (HR 6.29, 95% CI 3.01-13.17, P < .001), but DS4 was equivalent to DS1-3. At iPET4, ΔSUVmax < 66% predicted treatment failure (HR 5.49, 95% CI 3.03-9.99, P < .001). By multivariable analysis of all time points, high NCCN-IPI and DS5 at iPET2 were negative predictors of survival. These findings were independent of novel prognostic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joel Wight
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,Townsville University Hospital, Townsville, QLD, Australia
| | - Shin Hnin Wai
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia
| | - Edward Shen
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | | | - Eliza Hawkes
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Teresa Leung
- The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Geoffrey Chong
- Austin Health, Heidelberg, Australia.,Olivia Newton John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, VIC, Australia.,The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.,The Northern Hospital, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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11
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McMahon JH, Zerbato JM, Lau JSY, Lange JL, Roche M, Tumpach C, Dantanarayana A, Rhodes A, Chang J, Rasmussen TA, Mackenzie CA, Alt K, Hagenauer M, Roney J, O'Bryan J, Carey A, McIntyre R, Beech P, O'Keefe GJ, Wichmann CW, Scott FE, Guo N, Lee ST, Liu Z, Caskey M, Nussenzweig MC, Donnelly PS, Egan G, Hagemeyer CE, Scott AM, Lewin SR. A clinical trial of non-invasive imaging with an anti-HIV antibody labelled with copper-64 in people living with HIV and uninfected controls. EBioMedicine 2021; 65:103252. [PMID: 33640794 PMCID: PMC7921458 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2021.103252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2020] [Revised: 01/21/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A research priority in finding a cure for HIV is to establish methods to accurately locate and quantify where and how HIV persists in people living with HIV (PLWH) receiving suppressive antiretroviral therapy (ART). Infusing copper-64 (64Cu) radiolabelled broadly neutralising antibodies targeting HIV envelope (Env) with CT scan and positron emission tomography (PET) identified HIV Env in tissues in SIV infected non-human primates . We aimed to determine if a similar approach was effective in people living with HIV (PLWH). METHODS Unmodified 3BNC117 was compared with 3BNC117 bound to the chelator MeCOSar and 64Cu (64Cu-3BNC117) in vitro to assess binding and neutralization. In a clinical trial 64Cu-3BNC117 was infused into HIV uninfected (Group 1), HIV infected and viremic (viral load, VL >1000 c/mL; Group 2) and HIV infected aviremic (VL <20 c/mL; Group 3) participants using two dosing strategies: high protein (3mg/kg unlabeled 3BNC117 combined with <5mg 64Cu-3BNC117) and trace (<5mg 64Cu-3BNC117 only). All participants were screened for 3BNC117 sensitivity from virus obtained from viral outgrowth. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI)/PET and pharmacokinetic assessments (ELISA for serum 3BNC117 concentrations and gamma counting for 64Cu) were performed 1, 24- and 48-hours post dosing. The trial (clincialtrials.gov NCT03063788) primary endpoint was comparison of PET standard uptake values (SUVs) in regions of interest (e.g lymph node groups and gastrointestinal tract). FINDINGS Comparison of unmodified and modified 3BNC117 in vitro demonstrated no difference in HIV binding or neutralisation. 17 individuals were enrolled of which 12 were dosed including Group 1 (n=4, 2 high protein, 2 trace dose), Group 2 (n=6, 2 high protein, 4 trace) and Group 3 (n=2, trace only). HIV+ participants had a mean CD4 of 574 cells/microL and mean age 43 years. There were no drug related adverse effects and no differences in tissue uptake in regions of interest (e.g lymph node gut, pharynx) between the 3 groups. In the high protein dosing group, serum concentrations of 3BNC117 and gamma counts were highly correlated demonstrating that 64Cu-3BNC117 remained intact in vivo. INTERPRETATION In PLWH on or off ART, the intervention of infusing 64Cu-3BNC117 and MRI/PET imaging over 48 hours, was unable to detect HIV-1 env expression in vivo. Future studies should investigate alternative radiolabels such as zirconium which have a longer half-life in vivo. FUNDING Funded by the Alfred Foundation, The Australian Centre for HIV and Hepatitis Virology Research with additional support from the Division of AIDS, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Disease, US National Institutes of Health (USAI126611). JHM and SRL are supported by the Australian National Health and Medical Research Council.
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Affiliation(s)
- James H McMahon
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jennifer M Zerbato
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jillian S Y Lau
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jaclyn L Lange
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michael Roche
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Carolin Tumpach
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ashanti Dantanarayana
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Ajantha Rhodes
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Judy Chang
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Thomas A Rasmussen
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Charlene A Mackenzie
- The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Karen Alt
- Australian Centre for Blood Diseases, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Michelle Hagenauer
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Janine Roney
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Jessica O'Bryan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; Department of Infectious Diseases, Monash Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Alexandra Carey
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Richard McIntyre
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Paul Beech
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme J O'Keefe
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Christian W Wichmann
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fiona E Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nancy Guo
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Zhanqi Liu
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Marina Caskey
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Michel C Nussenzweig
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunology, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, The Rockefeller University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Paul S Donnelly
- School of Chemistry, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gary Egan
- Monash Biomedical Imaging, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | | | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, and University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia; Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sharon R Lewin
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Alfred Hospital and Monash University, Melbourne, Australia; The Peter Doherty Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Melbourne and Royal Melbourne Hospital, Melbourne, Australia
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12
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Hofman MS, Emmett L, Sandhu S, Iravani A, Joshua AM, Goh JC, Pattison DA, Tan TH, Kirkwood ID, Ng S, Francis RJ, Gedye C, Rutherford NK, Weickhardt A, Scott AM, Lee ST, Kwan EM, Azad AA, Ramdave S, Redfern AD, Macdonald W, Guminski A, Hsiao E, Chua W, Lin P, Zhang AY, McJannett MM, Stockler MR, Violet JA, Williams SG, Martin AJ, Davis ID. [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (TheraP): a randomised, open-label, phase 2 trial. Lancet 2021; 397:797-804. [PMID: 33581798 DOI: 10.1016/s0140-6736(21)00237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 478] [Impact Index Per Article: 159.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2020] [Revised: 01/18/2021] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lutetium-177 [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is a radiolabelled small molecule that delivers β radiation to cells expressing prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA), with activity and safety in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. We aimed to compare [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 with cabazitaxel in patients with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer. METHODS We did this multicentre, unblinded, randomised phase 2 trial at 11 centres in Australia. We recruited men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer for whom cabazitaxel was considered the next appropriate standard treatment. Participants were required to have adequate renal, haematological, and liver function, and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 0-2. Previous treatment with androgen receptor-directed therapy was allowed. Men underwent gallium-68 [68Ga]Ga-PSMA-11 and 2-flourine-18[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) PET-CT scans. PET eligibility criteria for the trial were PSMA-positive disease, and no sites of metastatic disease with discordant FDG-positive and PSMA-negative findings. Men were randomly assigned (1:1) to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 (6·0-8·5 GBq intravenously every 6 weeks for up to six cycles) or cabazitaxel (20 mg/m2 intravenously every 3 weeks for up to ten cycles). The primary endpoint was prostate-specific antigen (PSA) response defined by a reduction of at least 50% from baseline. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT03392428. FINDINGS Between Feb 6, 2018, and Sept 3, 2019, we screened 291 men, of whom 200 were eligible on PET imaging. Study treatment was received by 98 (99%) of 99 men randomly assigned to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 versus 85 (84%) of 101 randomly assigned to cabazitaxel. PSA responses were more frequent among men in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group than in the cabazitaxel group (65 vs 37 PSA responses; 66% vs 37% by intention to treat; difference 29% (95% CI 16-42; p<0·0001; and 66% vs 44% by treatment received; difference 23% [9-37]; p=0·0016). Grade 3-4 adverse events occurred in 32 (33%) of 98 men in the [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 group versus 45 (53%) of 85 men in the cabazitaxel group. No deaths were attributed to [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617. INTERPRETATION [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 compared with cabazitaxel in men with metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer led to a higher PSA response and fewer grade 3 or 4 adverse events. [177Lu]Lu-PSMA-617 is a new effective class of therapy and a potential alternative to cabazitaxel. FUNDING Prostate Cancer Foundation of Australia, Endocyte (a Novartis company), Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, Movember, The Distinguished Gentleman's Ride, It's a Bloke Thing, and CAN4CANCER.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hofman
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia.
| | - Louise Emmett
- Department of Theranostics and Nuclear Medicine, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahneen Sandhu
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Amir Iravani
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Mallinckrodt Institute of Radiology, Washington University, St Louis, MO, USA
| | - Anthony M Joshua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Kinghorn Cancer Centre, St Vincent's Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jeffrey C Goh
- Medical Oncology, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - David A Pattison
- Department of Nuclear Medicine & Specialised PET Services, Royal Brisbane and Women's Hospital, Brisbane, QLD, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Thean Hsiang Tan
- Department of Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Ian D Kirkwood
- Department of Oncology, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, SA, Australia; Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA Australia
| | - Siobhan Ng
- Department of Oncology, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Roslyn J Francis
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sir Charles Gairdner Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia; Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Craig Gedye
- Department of Medical Oncology, Calvary Mater Newcastle, Waratah, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Natalie K Rutherford
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Hunter New England Health, Newcastle, NSW, Australia; School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Newcastle, Newcastle, NSW, Australia
| | - Andrew Weickhardt
- Olivia Newton-John Cancer and Wellness Centre, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Edmond M Kwan
- Department of Medical Oncology, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Arun A Azad
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Shakher Ramdave
- Monash Health Imaging, Monash Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew D Redfern
- Medical School, University of Western Australia, Perth, WA, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - William Macdonald
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Fiona Stanley Hospital, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Alex Guminski
- Department of Medical Oncology, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Northern Clinical School, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Edward Hsiao
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Wei Chua
- Department of Medical Oncology, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Peter Lin
- Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Liverpool Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Alison Y Zhang
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Macquarie University Hospital, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Margaret M McJannett
- Australian and New Zealand Urogenital and Prostate Cancer Trials Group, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Martin R Stockler
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia; Department of Medical Oncology, Chris O'Brien Lifehouse, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John A Violet
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Scott G Williams
- Prostate Cancer Theranostics and Imaging Centre of Excellence, Molecular Imaging and Therapeutic Nuclear Medicine, Peter MacCallum Cancer Centre, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Sir Peter MacCallum Department of Oncology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Andrew J Martin
- NHMRC Clinical Trials Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ian D Davis
- Eastern Health Clinical School, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, Australia; Eastern Health, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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13
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Lee ST, Muralidharan V, Tebbutt N, Wong P, Fang C, Liu Z, Gan H, Sachinidis J, Pathmaraj K, Christophi C, Scott AM. Prevalence of hypoxia and correlation with glycolytic metabolism and angiogenic biomarkers in metastatic colorectal carcinoma. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging 2020; 48:1585-1592. [PMID: 33125527 DOI: 10.1007/s00259-020-05074-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2020] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hypoxia is associated with aggressive tumour behaviour and can influence response to systemic therapy and radiotherapy. The prevalence of hypoxia in metastatic colorectal cancer is poorly understood, and the relationship of hypoxia to patient outcomes has not been clearly established. The aims of the study were to evaluate hypoxia in metastatic colorectal cancer with [18F]Fluoromisonidazole ([18F]FMISO PET) and correlate these findings with glycolytic metabolism ([18F]FDG PET) and angiogenic blood biomarkers and patient outcomes. METHODS Patients with metastatic colorectal cancer received routine staging investigations and both [18F] FMISO PET and [18F] FDG PET scans. Correlative blood specimens were also obtained at the time of the [18F] FMISO PET scan. Patient follow-up was performed to establish progression-free survival. RESULTS A total of 40 patients were recruited into the trial. [18F]FMISO and [18F]FDG PET scans showed a significant correlation of SUVmax (p = 0.003). A significant correlation of progression-free survival and [18F] FMISO TNR (p = 0.02) and overall survival with [18F]FMISO TNR (p = 0.003) and [18F]FDG TGV (p = 0.02) was observed. Serum levels of osteopontin, but not VEGF, correlated with [18F] FMISO and [18F]FDG PET scan parameters. CONCLUSION [18F]FMISO PET uptake in metastatic colorectal cancer significantly correlates with glycolytic metabolism and is predictive of progression-free and overall survival. These findings have implications for the assessment and treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer patients with novel therapies which affect tumour angiogenesis and hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S T Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia. .,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia. .,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.
| | - V Muralidharan
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - N Tebbutt
- Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - P Wong
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Fang
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Z Liu
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - H Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - J Sachinidis
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - K Pathmaraj
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - C Christophi
- Department of Surgery, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Surgery, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - A M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia.,Department of Medicine, The University of Melbourne, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
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14
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Cutler CS, Bailey E, Kumar V, Schwarz SW, Bom HS, Hatazawa J, Paez D, Orellana P, Louw L, Mut F, Kato H, Chiti A, Frangos S, Fahey F, Dillehay G, Oh SJ, Lee DS, Lee ST, Nunez-Miller R, Bandhopadhyaya G, Pradhan PK, Scott AM. Global Issues of Radiopharmaceutical Access and Availability: A Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative Project. J Nucl Med 2020; 62:422-430. [PMID: 32646881 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.120.247197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative was formed in 2012 by 13 international organizations to promote human health by advancing the field of nuclear medicine and molecular imaging by supporting the practice and application of nuclear medicine. The first project focused on standardization of administered activities in pediatric nuclear medicine and resulted in 2 articles. For its second project the Nuclear Medicine Global Initiative chose to explore issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals around the world. Methods: Information was obtained by survey responses from 35 countries on available radioisotopes, radiopharmaceuticals, and kits for diagnostic and therapeutic use. Issues impacting on access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals in individual countries were also identified. Results: Detailed information on radiopharmaceuticals used in each country, and sources of supply, was evaluated. Responses highlighted problems in access, particularly due to the reliance on a sole provider, regulatory issues, and reimbursement, as well as issues of facilities and workforce, particularly in low- and middle-income countries. Conclusion: Strategies to address access and availability of radiopharmaceuticals are outlined, to enable timely and equitable patient access to nuclear medicine procedures worldwide. In the face of disruptions to global supply chains by the coronavirus disease 2019 outbreak, renewed focus on ensuring a reliable supply of radiopharmaceuticals is a major priority for nuclear medicine practice globally.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Elizabeth Bailey
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal North Shore Hospital, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Vijay Kumar
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and PET, Westmead Hospital and Children's Hospital at Westmead, and University of Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Sally W Schwarz
- Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, Missouri
| | - Hee-Seung Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Chonnam National University Hwasun Hospital, Jeollanam, Korea
| | - Jun Hatazawa
- Department of Quantum Cancer Therapy, Research Center for Nuclear Physics, Osaka University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Diana Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pilar Orellana
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lizette Louw
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Charlotte Maxeke Johannesburg Academic Hospital and University of Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Fernando Mut
- Nuclear Medicine Service, Italian Hospital, Montevideo, Uruguay
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Nuclear Medicine and Tracer Kinetics, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka, Japan
| | - Arturo Chiti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, and Nuclear Medicine Unit, Humanitas Research Hospital-IRCCS, Milan, Italy
| | - Savvas Frangos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Frederic Fahey
- Department of Radiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Gary Dillehay
- Department of Radiology, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Robert H. Lurie Comprehensive Cancer Center, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Seung J Oh
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asan Medical Center, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Dong S Lee
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Rodolfo Nunez-Miller
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria.,Excel Diagnostics and Nuclear Oncology Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Guru Bandhopadhyaya
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, Ansari Nagar, New Delhi, India; and
| | - Prasanta K Pradhan
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Sanjay Gandhi Post Graduate Institute of Nuclear Medicine, Lucknow, India
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health; University of Melbourne; Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, and School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
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15
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Welch KD, Stonecipher CA, Lee ST, Cook D. The acute toxicity of water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) in a goat model. Toxicon 2020; 176:55-58. [PMID: 32103796 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2020.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/11/2020] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Water hemlock (Cicuta douglasii) is one of the most toxic plants to livestock and humans. Little is known regarding the amount of plant required to cause death. The objective of this study was to determine a lethal dose of water hemlock in a goat model. Plants were dosed to goats via oral gavage of freeze-dried ground plant material. The results from this study suggest that 1-2 fresh tubers would be lethal to goats.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84341, USA.
| | - C A Stonecipher
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
| | - D Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT, 84341, USA
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16
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Kim SH, Cho KH, Choi SH, Kim TM, Park CK, Park SH, Won JK, Kim IH, Lee ST. Prognostic Predictions for Patients with Glioblastoma after Standard Treatment: Application of Contrast Leakage Information from DSC-MRI within Nonenhancing FLAIR High-Signal-Intensity Lesions. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:2052-2058. [PMID: 31727756 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Attempts have been made to quantify the microvascular leakiness of glioblastomas and use it as an imaging biomarker to predict the prognosis of the tumor. The purpose of our study was to evaluate whether the extraction fraction value from DSC-MR imaging within nonenhancing FLAIR hyperintense lesions was a better prognostic imaging biomarker than dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging parameters for patients with glioblastoma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 102 patients with glioblastoma who received a preoperative dynamic contrast-enhanced MR imaging and DSC-MR imaging were included in this retrospective study. Patients were classified into the progression (n = 87) or nonprogression (n = 15) groups at 24 months after surgery. We extracted the means and 95th percentile values for the contrast leakage information parameters from both modalities within the nonenhancing FLAIR high-signal-intensity lesions. RESULTS The extraction fraction 95th percentile value was higher in the progression-free survival group of >24 months than at ≤24 months. The median progression-free survival of the group with an extraction fraction 95th percentile value of >13.32 was 17 months, whereas that of the group of ≤13.32 was 12 months. In addition, it was an independent predictor variable for progression-free survival in the patients regardless of their ages and genetic information. CONCLUSIONS The extraction fraction 95th percentile value was the only independent parameter for prognostic prediction in patients with glioblastoma among the contrast leakage information, which has no statistically significant correlations with the DCE-MR imaging parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Kim
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.H.K., K.H.C., S.H.C.)
| | - K H Cho
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.H.K., K.H.C., S.H.C.)
| | - S H Choi
- From the Departments of Radiology (S.H.K., K.H.C., S.H.C.)
- Center for Nanoparticle Research (S.H.C.), Institute for Basic Science, Seoul, Korea
- School of Chemical and Biological Engineering (S.H.C.), Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - T M Kim
- Departments of Internal Medicine (T.M.K.)
| | - C K Park
- Department of Neurosurgery (C.K.P.), Biomedical Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | | | | | - I H Kim
- Radiation Oncology (I.H.K.), Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Neurology (S.T.L.), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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17
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Park MH, Park JE, Kim MS, Yun JI, Choi K, Lee E, Lee ST. Determination of Medium Condition Effective to Cryopreservation of Primary Spermatogonial Stem Cells Derived from Porcine Neonatal Testes. Cryo Letters 2019; 40:312-321. [PMID: 33966057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The superior genetic resources of breeding pigs have been preserved for use through freezing the sperm or semen. However, because there is no way to collect their sperm or semen after depletion, the generation of sperm via the differentiation of porcine spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs) can be an alternative. To date, there have been no reports of techniques customized to in-vitro culture and differentiation into sperm in porcine SSCs. Accordingly, it is important to preserve porcine SSCs with outstanding genetic backgrounds until these technologies are developed. Unfortunately, a protocol for the long-term preservation of porcine SSCs has yet to be reported. OBJECTIVE We tried to develop a cryopreservation medium to preserve the characteristics of undifferentiated porcine SSCs for long-term cryopreservation. MATERIALS AND METHODS SSCs retrieved from porcine testes were freeze-cryopreserved in StemPro-34 medium supplemented with various concentrations of fetal bovine serum (FBS), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), and trehalose; then, after 7 days, the viability and alkaline phosphatase (AP) activity was measured in thawed porcine SSCs. Additionally, we investigated the use of hypotaurine and/or glutathione as antioxidants in the optimized freezing medium for maintaining the viability and AP activity of porcine SSCs during the freezing-cryopreservation-thawing process. RESULTS Porcine SSCs frozen-cryopreserved-thawed in StemPro-34 medium supplemented with 10% (v/v) FBS, 10% (v/v) DMSO, 200 mM trehalose, 5 mM hypotaurine, and 5 mM glutathione showed the highest viability and AP activity. CONCLUSION We optimized a cryopreservation medium that inhibits the loss of viability and the increases differentiation post-thawing of the frozen porcine SSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- M H Park
- Dept. Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J E Park
- Dept. Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M S Kim
- Dept. Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - J I Yun
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - K Choi
- Optipharm Inc., Cheongju, Republic of Korea
| | - E Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Dept. Animal Life Science; Dept. Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Dizdarevic S, Tulchinsky M, McCready VR, Mihailovic J, Vinjamuri S, Buscombe JR, Lee ST, Frangos S, Sathekge M, Siraj Q, Choudhury P, Bom H, Franceschi M, Ugrinska A, Paez D, Hussain R, Mailman J, Luster M, Virgolini I. The World Association of Radiopharmaceutical and Molecular Therapy position statement on the initial radioiodine therapy for differentiated thyroid carcinoma. World J Nucl Med 2019; 18:123-126. [PMID: 31040741 PMCID: PMC6476239 DOI: 10.4103/wjnm.wjnm_117_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- S Dizdarevic
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - M Tulchinsky
- Radiology Department, Nuclear Medicine Section, Penn State University, Milton S. Hershey Medical Center, USA
| | - V R McCready
- Department of Imaging and Nuclear Medicine, Brighton and Sussex University Hospitals NHS Trust, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Royal Sussex County Hospital, Brighton, UK
| | - J Mihailovic
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Oncology Institute of Vojvodina, Sremska Kamenica, University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Medicine, Novi Sad, Serbia
| | - S Vinjamuri
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Royal Liverpool University Hospital, Liverpool, UK
| | - J R Buscombe
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Cambridge University Hospitals, Cambridge, UK
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia.,Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Heidelberg, Australia School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Heidelberg, Australia
| | - S Frangos
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Bank of Cyprus Oncology Center, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - M Sathekge
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University of Pretoria and Steve Biko Academic Hospital, Pretoria, South Africa
| | - Q Siraj
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Farwania Hospital, Kuwait
| | - P Choudhury
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Rajiv Gandhi Cancer Institute and Research Centre, Delhi, India
| | - H Bom
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Asian Regional Cooperative Council for Nuclear Medicine (ARCCNM), Chonnam National University Medical School, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - M Franceschi
- Department of Oncology and Nuclear Medicine, Sestre Milosrdnice, UHC, Zagreb, School of Medicine, University of Zagreb, Zagreb, Croatia, Faculty of Medicine, University of Osijek, Osijek, Croatia
| | - A Ugrinska
- Institute of Pathophysiology and Nuclear Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, Republic of Macedonia
| | - D Paez
- Nuclear Medicine and Diagnostic Imaging Section, Division of Human Health, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - R Hussain
- Nuclear Medicine and Molecular Imaging, Apollo Hospitals Dhaka, Society of Nuclear Medicine, Bangladesh (SNMB)
| | - J Mailman
- World Association of Radiopharmaceutical and Molecular Therapy (WARMTH), Oakland, CA, USA
| | - M Luster
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - I Virgolini
- Department of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Innsbruck, Austria
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19
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Welch KD, Pfister JA, Cook D, Carriao Dos Santos F, Lee ST. Assessment of endophyte-derived tremorgenic compounds in Ipomoea asarifolia using mouse models. Toxicon 2018; 156:52-60. [PMID: 30439441 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2018] [Revised: 10/29/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Ipomoea asarifolia has been associated with a tremorgenic syndrome in livestock. Recently indole diterpene compounds were identified in I. asarifolia, some of which have been shown to cause a tremorgenic syndrome. In this study, the tremorgenic nature of I. asarifolia was assessed using a mouse model. Adult mice were fed rodent chow containing 10, 15, 20 and 25% endophyte infected (E+), or 25% endophyte free (E-), I. asarifolia for 14 days. The mice fed E+ chow developed a tremorgenic syndrome as characterized by visually observed muscle tremors and an inability to traverse a balance beam, whereas the mice fed E- chow did not develop tremors and had similar muscle coordination to control mice. A lactating mouse model was also used to determine if the compounds can be transferred to nursing pups via the milk. Nursing pups were exposed via their mother's milk for 21 days, from post-natal day 0-21. The pups from dams exposed to E+ chow developed a similar tremorgenic syndrome. Data presented in this study demonstrate that the tremorgenic compounds in I. asarifolia are endophyte derived. Additionally, both adult mice and nursing pups are good models for studying the tremorgenic nature of I. asarifolia and related plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, 84341, UT, USA.
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, 84341, UT, USA
| | - D Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, 84341, UT, USA
| | | | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, 84341, UT, USA
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Greenspan DS, Lee ST, Lee BS, Hoffman GG. Homology between alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(III) collagen promoters and evidence for negatively acting elements in the alpha 2(V) first intron and 5' flanking sequences. Gene Expr 2018; 1:29-39. [PMID: 1820205 PMCID: PMC5952197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We have isolated a 17 kilobase pair (kb) genomic clone containing the 5' portion of the human alpha 2(V) collagen gene. Nucleotide sequence was determined for 1671 base pairs (bp) comprising the promoter region, first exon and 334 bp of the first intron, and the major transcriptional start site determined by primer extension and S1 nuclease analysis. Sequence comparison revealed the alpha 2(V) promoter to be similar in structure to the promoter of the alpha 1(III) collagen gene. This is the first instance of such similarities between promoter regions of genes encoding different fibrillar collagen chains. Homology, in 5' flanking sequences, extends upstream to about nucleotide -120 in each gene and is particularly striking near the TATTTA sequence (TATA box) present in each promoter. Some homology also surrounds the two transcription start sites. The 5' untranslated regions of the two genes also show strong homology. Chimeric chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) constructs were prepared with various fragments from the 5' portion of the alpha 2(V) gene. Transient expression assays, in human fibroblasts, localized the functional alpha 2(V) promoter to the region of 5' flanking sequence conserved between the alpha 2(V) and alpha 1(III) genes. Expression assays also identified negatively acting elements, in intron and 5' flanking sequences, which inhibit transcription from the alpha 2(V) promoter.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Greenspan
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Wisconsin, Madison 53706
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Green BT, Lee ST, Keele JW, Welch KD, Cook D, Pfister JA, Kem WR. Complete inhibition of fetal movement in the day 40 pregnant goat model by the piperidine alkaloid anabasine but not related alkaloids. Toxicon 2018; 144:61-67. [PMID: 29452148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2018.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2018] [Revised: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Four chemically similar alkaloids, anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine and dimethylphenylpiperazinium (DMPP), are potent nicotinic acetylcholine receptor agonists of fetal muscle nicotinic acetylcholine receptors in human TE-671 cells. Based on results with these cells, we hypothesized that the alkaloids would completely inhibit ultrasound-monitored fetal movement in a goat model. Different, single doses of anabasine, anabaseine, epibatidine, DMPP, or saline control were administered I.V. to pregnant goats on day 40 of gestation and the number of fetal movements per 5 min sample was measured by ultrasound at times 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 4 and 8 h. The differences among does in fetal movements were more consistent at dosing and following recovery for doses of anabasine above 0.125 mg/kg compared to the other compounds and dosages. Anabasine actions were dose-dependent with an IC50 value of ∼0.1 mg/kg, and, at a dose of 0.8 mg/kg, completely inhibited fetal movement for 1.5 h after dosing. Anabaseine, epibatidine, and DMPP failed to completely inhibit fetal movement in day 40 pregnant goats at doses predicted to be effective. These results suggest that while experiments with TE-671 cells provide valuable information and predictions of the actions of plant alkaloids on fetal movement, in vivo experiments are still required in order to determine the ability of an alkaloid to inhibit fetal movement in livestock species. Moreover, other pharmacological properties such as receptor differences between mammalian species and differences in the pharmacokinetic properties of the alkaloids also are likely to weaken teratologic predictions based solely on the in vitro data.
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Affiliation(s)
- B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J W Keele
- USDA-ARS Meat Animal Research Center, Clay Center, NE 68933, USA
| | - K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D Cook
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - W R Kem
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 S. W. Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0267, USA
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Cha HJ, Yun JI, Han NR, Kim HY, Baek S, Lee SH, Lee J, Lee E, Park CK, Lee ST. Generation of embryonic stem-like cells from in vivo-derived porcine blastocysts at a low concentration of basic fibroblast growth factor. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 53:176-185. [PMID: 29110378 DOI: 10.1111/rda.13088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2017] [Accepted: 08/25/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Although basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is an essential factor supporting the maintenance of porcine embryonic stem (ES) cell self-renewal and pluripotency, its high cost has limited previous studies, and the development of a low-cost culture system is required. For these systems, in vivo blastocysts were progressively cultured under various conditions consisting of different culture mediums and/or different feeder cell numbers at a low concentration of bFGF. As the results, the sequential culture of in vivo-derived porcine blastocysts on 5.0 × 105 mouse embryonic fibroblast (MEF) feeder cells in alpha minimum essential medium-based medium for primary culture, on 2.5 × 105 MEF feeder cells in Mixture medium for the 1st subpassage, and on 2.5 × 105 MEF feeder cells in DMEM/Ham's F10-based medium for the post-2nd subpassage could support the establishment and maintenance of porcine ES-like cells at the low concentration of bFGF. The established porcine ES-like cells showed ES cell-specific characteristics such as self-renewal and pluripotency. We confirmed that porcine ES-like cells could be generated from in vivo-derived porcine blastocysts at a low concentration of bFGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- H-J Cha
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J I Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - N R Han
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - H-Y Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S Baek
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S-H Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - E Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - C-K Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
- Division of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Liu YC, Park YR, Kim SL, Lee ST, Kim SW. MicroRNA-30a Inhibits Colorectal Cancer Metastasis Through Down-Regulation of Type I Insulin-Like Growth Factor Receptor. Dig Dis Sci 2017; 62:3040-3049. [PMID: 28932920 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-017-4763-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Accepted: 09/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND miR-30a expression is down-regulated and regulates tumor suppressors in various cancers. AIM We investigated the mechanisms underlying the biological role of miR-30a in CRC. METHODS MicroRNA, mRNA, and protein expression were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and Western blot. The migration and invasion abilities of CRC were determined by wound healing assay, and trans-well migration and invasion. A luciferase reporter assay was used to confirm the targets of miR-30a. RESULTS miR-30a expression was significantly down-regulated in CRC tissues and in CRC tissue with lymph node metastasis compared to CRC tissue without metastasis. Overexpression of miR-30a suppressed migration and invasion through insulin-like growth factor 1 receptor (IGF1R) in CRC cells. miR-30a suppresses IGF1R protein expression and inhibits β-catenin or p-AKT and increases E-cadherin expression. The IGF1R expression level is also up-regulated in CRC tumors and inversely correlated with miR-30a in CRC specimens. CONCLUSIONS miR-30a functions as a tumor-suppressive miRNA, which may provide a therapeutic strategy for metastasis of CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Liu
- Department of Physiology, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - Y R Park
- Department of Internal Medicine of Chonbuk, National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - S L Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine of Chonbuk, National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine of Chonbuk, National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea
| | - S W Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine of Chonbuk, National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54907, Republic of Korea.
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24
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Park YR, Kim SL, Lee MR, Seo SY, Lee JH, Kim SH, Kim IH, Lee SO, Lee ST, Kim SW. MicroRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a) regulates cell motility and EMT by directly targeting oncogenic TM4SF1 in colorectal cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2017; 143:1915-1927. [PMID: 28528497 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-017-2440-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2016] [Accepted: 05/12/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Colorectal cancer (CRC) is one of the leading causes of cancer death worldwide, and many oncogenes and tumor suppressor genes are involved in CRC. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that can negatively regulate gene expression. Previous studies have revealed that miRNAs regulate the development and progression of many cancers. In this study, we investigated the role of microRNA-30a-5p (miR-30a) in CRC and its unknown mechanisms. METHODS qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-30a and TM4SF1 mRNA expression in CRC specimens and cell lines. CRC cell migration and invasion were assessed after transfection with miR-30a or TM4SF1 using wound healing and trans-well migration and invasion assays. Transmembrane-4-L-six-family protein (TM4SF1) was validated as a target of miR-30a in CRC through luciferase reporter assay and bioinformatics algorithms. Moreover, two EMT regulators, E-cadherin and VEGF, were also identified using Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. RESULTS We found that miR-30a was down-regulated in CRC tumor tissues and cell lines, and miR-30a was inversely associated with advanced stage and lymph node metastatic status compared with normal tissues. miR-30a decreased migration and invasion in CRC cell lines, and miR-30a overexpression not only down-regulated TM4SF1 mRNA and protein expression, but also inhibited the expression of VEGF and enhanced expression of E-cadherin. We also showed that TM4SF1 was up-regulated in CRC tumor specimens compared with adjacent normal tissues, and TM4SF1 expression was significantly associated with advanced stage and lymph node status compared with adjacent normal tissues. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that miR-30a is an important regulator of TM4SF1, VEGF, and E-cadherin for CRC lymph node metastasis, a potential new therapeutic target in CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y R Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S L Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - M R Lee
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
| | - S Y Seo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - J H Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, Republic of Korea
| | - S H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - I H Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S O Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang Wook Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, Jeonju, Republic of Korea.
- Research Institute of Clinical Medicine of Chonbuk National University-Biomedical Research Institute, Chonbuk National University Hospital, Chonbuk National University Medical School, 20 Geonji-ro, Deokjin-gu, Jeonju, Jeonbuk, 54896, Republic of Korea.
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Elahi F, Lee H, Lee J, Lee ST, Park CK, Hyun SH, Lee E. Effect of rapamycin treatment during post-activation and/or in vitro culture on embryonic development after parthenogenesis and in vitro fertilization in pigs. Reprod Domest Anim 2017; 52:741-748. [PMID: 28397300 DOI: 10.1111/rda.12974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2016] [Accepted: 02/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of early induction of autophagy on embryonic development in pigs. For this, oocytes or embryos were treated with an autophagy inducer, rapamycin (RP), during post-activation (Pa), in vitro fertilization (IVF) and/or in vitro culture (IVC). When parthenogenesis (PA) embryos were untreated (control) or treated with various concentrations of RP for 4 hr during Pa, 100 nm RP showed a higher blastocyst formation (48.8 ± 2.7%) than the control (34.6 ± 3.0%). When PA embryos were treated during the first 24 hr of IVC, blastocyst formation was increased (p < .05) by 1 and 10 nm RP (61.9 ± 3.0 and 59.6 ± 3.0%, respectively) compared to the control (43.2 ± 1.8%) and 100 nm RP (47.8 ± 3.2%), with a higher embryo cleavage in response to 10 nm RP (87.3 ± 2.4%) than the control (74.1 ± 3.2%). RP treatment during IVC and Pa + IVC showed increased blastocyst formation (44.7 ± 2.5 and 44.1 ± 2.0%, respectively) compared to the control (33.2 ± 2.0%). In addition, RP treatment during Pa and/or IVC increased glutathione content and inversely reduced reactive oxygen species. In IVF, RP treatment for 6 hr during IVF significantly increased embryonic development (34.0 ± 2.6%) compared to the control (24.8 ± 1.6%), but treatment during IVC for 24 hr with RP did not (23.0 ± 3.8%). Autophagy was significantly increased in PA oocytes by the RP treatment during Pa but not altered by the treatment during the first 24 hr of IVC. Overall, RP treatment positively regulated the pre-implantation development of pig embryos, probably by regulating cellular redox state and stimulating autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Elahi
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - H Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - J Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Division of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - C K Park
- Division of Applied Animal Science, College of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
| | - S-H Hyun
- Laboratory of Veterinary Embryology and Biotechnology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - E Lee
- Laboratory of Theriogenology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea.,Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, Korea
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Abstract
12 years after the introduction of DNA-templated silver nanoclusters (DNA-AgNCs), exciting progress has been made and yet we are still in the midst of trying to fully understand this nanomaterial. The prominent excellence of DNA-AgNCs is undoubtedly its modulatable emission property, of which how variation in DNA templates causes emission tuning remains elusive. Based on the up-to-date DNA-AgNCs, we aim to establish the correlation between the structure/sequence of DNA templates and emission behaviour of AgNCs. Herein, we systematically present a wide-range of DNA-AgNCs based on the structural complexity of the DNA templates, including single-stranded DNA (ssDNA), double-stranded DNA (dsDNA), triple-stranded DNA (tsDNA) and DNA nanostructures. For each DNA category, we discuss the emission property, quantum yield and synthesis condition of the respective AgNCs, before cross-comparing the impact of different DNA scaffolds on the properties of AgNCs. A future outlook for this area is given as a conclusion. By putting the information together, this review may shed new light on understanding DNA-AgNCs while we are expecting continuous breakthroughs in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y New
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - S T Lee
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Science, University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus, Jalan Broga, 43500 Semenyih, Selangor Darul Ehsan, Malaysia.
| | - X D Su
- Institute of Materials Research and Engineering, 2 Fusionopolis Way, Singapore 138634.
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Stegelmeier BL, James LF, Gardner DR, Panter KE, Lee ST, Ralphs MH, Pfister JA, Spraker TR. Locoweed (Oxytropis sericea)—induced Lesions in Mule Deer (Odocoileius hemionus). Vet Pathol 2016; 42:566-78. [PMID: 16145203 DOI: 10.1354/vp.42-5-566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Locoweed poisoning has been reported in wildlife, but it is unknown whether mule deer ( Odocoileius hemionus)are susceptible. In areas that are heavily infested with locoweed, deer and elk ( Cervus elaphus nelsoni)have developed a spongiform encephalopathy, chronic wasting disease (CWD). Although these are distinct diseases, no good comparisons are available. The purpose of this study was to induce and describe chronic locoweed poisoning in deer and compare it with the lesions of CWD. Two groups of four mule deer were fed either a complete pelleted ration or a similar ration containing 15% locoweed ( Oxytropis sericea). Poisoned deer lost weight and developed a scruffy, dull coat. They developed reluctance to move, and movement produced subtle intention tremors. Poisoned deer had extensive vacuolation of visceral tissues, which was most severe in the exocrine pancreas. Thyroid follicular epithelium, renal tubular epithelium, and macrophages in many tissues were mildly vacuolated. The exposed deer also had mild neuronal swelling and cytoplasmic vacuolation that was most obvious in Purkinje cells. Axonal swelling and dystrophy was found in many white tracts, but it was most severe in the cerebellar peduncles and the gracilis and cuneate fasciculi. These findings indicate that deer are susceptible to locoweed poisoning, but the lesions differ in severity and distribution from those of other species. The histologic changes of locoweed poisoning are distinct from those of CWD in deer; however, the clinical presentation of locoweed poisoning in deer is similar. Histologic and immunohistochemical studies are required for a definitive diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L Stegelmeier
- US Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 East 1400 North, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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Burvenich IJG, Parakh S, Gan HK, Lee FT, Guo N, Rigopoulos A, Lee ST, Gong S, O'Keefe GJ, Tochon-Danguy H, Kotsuma M, Hasegawa J, Senaldi G, Scott AM. Molecular Imaging and Quantitation of EphA2 Expression in Xenograft Models with 89Zr-DS-8895a. J Nucl Med 2016; 57:974-80. [PMID: 26940768 DOI: 10.2967/jnumed.115.169839] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2015] [Accepted: 01/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Subtype A2 of the erythropoietin-producing hepatocellular tyrosine kinase (EphA2) cell surface receptor is expressed in a range of epithelial cancers. This study evaluated the molecular imaging of EphA2 expression in vivo in mouse tumor models using SPECT/MR and PET/MR and a humanized anti-EphA2 antibody, DS-8895a. METHODS DS-8895a was labeled with (111)In, (125)I, and (89)Zr and assessed for radiochemical purity, immunoreactivity (Lindmo analysis), antigen-binding affinity (Scatchard analysis), and serum stability in vitro. In vivo biodistribution, imaging, and pharmacokinetic studies were performed with SPECT/MR and PET/MR. A dose-escalation study was also performed to determine EphA2 receptor saturability through tissue and imaging quantitative analysis. RESULTS All conjugates demonstrated good serum stability and specific binding to EphA2-expressing cells in vitro. In vivo biodistribution studies showed high uptake of (111)In-CHX-A″-DTPA-DS-8895a and (89)Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-DS-8895a in EphA2-expressing xenograft models, with no specific uptake in normal tissues. In comparison, retention of (125)I-DS-8895a in tumors was lower because of internalization of the radioconjugate and dehalogenation. These results were confirmed by SPECT/MR and PET/MR. EphA2 receptor saturation was observed at the 30 mg/kg dose. CONCLUSION Molecular imaging of tumor uptake of DS-8895a allows noninvasive measurement of EphA2 expression in tumors in vivo and determination of receptor saturation. (89)Zr-Df-Bz-NCS-DS-8895a is suited for human bioimaging trials on the basis of superior imaging characteristics and will inform DS-8895a dose assessment and patient response evaluation in clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ingrid J G Burvenich
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sagun Parakh
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hui K Gan
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia School of Cancer Medicine, La Trobe University, Melbourne, Australia Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Fook-Thean Lee
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Nancy Guo
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Angela Rigopoulos
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Sylvia Gong
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Graeme J O'Keefe
- Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Henri Tochon-Danguy
- Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Masakatsu Kotsuma
- Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology Department, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Jun Hasegawa
- Biologics Pharmacology Research Laboratories, Daiichi-Sankyo Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan
| | - Giorgio Senaldi
- Department of Translational Medicine and Clinical Pharmacology, Daiichi-Sankyo Pharma Development, Edison, New Jersey; and
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Tumour Targeting Laboratory, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research and Olivia Newton-John Cancer Research Institute, Melbourne, Australia Department of Medical Oncology, Austin Health, Heidelberg, Melbourne, Australia Department of Molecular Imaging and Therapy, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
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Ciprotti M, Tebbutt NC, Lee FT, Lee ST, Gan HK, McKee DC, O'Keefe GJ, Gong SJ, Chong G, Hopkins W, Chappell B, Scott FE, Brechbiel MW, Tse AN, Jansen M, Matsumura M, Kotsuma M, Watanabe R, Venhaus R, Beckman RA, Greenberg J, Scott AM. Phase I Imaging and Pharmacodynamic Trial of CS-1008 in Patients With Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. J Clin Oncol 2015; 33:2609-16. [PMID: 26124477 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2014.60.4256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE CS-1008 (tigatuzumab) is a humanized, monoclonal immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1) agonistic antibody to human death receptor 5. The purpose of this study was to investigate the impact of CS-1008 dose on the biodistribution, quantitative tumor uptake, and antitumor response in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients with mCRC who had received at least one course of chemotherapy were assigned to one of five dosage cohorts and infused with a weekly dose of CS-1008. Day 1 and day 36 doses were trace-labeled with indium-111 ((111)In), followed by whole-body planar and regional single-photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) imaging at several time points over the course of 10 days. RESULTS Nineteen patients were enrolled. (111)In-CS-1008 uptake in tumor was observed in only 12 patients (63%). (111)In-CS-1008 uptake and pharmacokinetics were not affected by dose or repeated drug administration. (111)In-CS-1008 biodistribution showed gradual blood-pool clearance and no abnormal uptake in normal tissue. No anti-CS-1008 antibody development was detected. One patient achieved partial response (3.7 months duration), eight patients had stable disease, and 10 patients had progressive disease. Clinical benefit rate (stable disease + partial response) in patients with (111)In-CS-1008 uptake in tumor was 58% versus 28% in patients with no uptake. An analysis of individual lesions showed that lesions with antibody uptake were one third as likely to progress as those without antibody uptake (P = .07). Death-receptor-5 expression in archived tumor samples did not correlate with (111)In-CS-1008 uptake (P = .5) or tumor response (P = .6). CONCLUSION Death-receptor-5 imaging with (111)In-CS-1008 reveals interpatient and intrapatient heterogeneity of uptake in tumor, is not dose dependent, and is predictive of clinical benefit in the treatment of patients who have mCRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marika Ciprotti
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Niall C Tebbutt
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Fook-Thean Lee
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Sze-Ting Lee
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Hui K Gan
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - David C McKee
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Graeme J O'Keefe
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Sylvia J Gong
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Geoffrey Chong
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Wendie Hopkins
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Bridget Chappell
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Fiona E Scott
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Martin W Brechbiel
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Archie N Tse
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Mendel Jansen
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Manabu Matsumura
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Masakatsu Kotsuma
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Rira Watanabe
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Ralph Venhaus
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Robert A Beckman
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Jonathan Greenberg
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY
| | - Andrew M Scott
- Marika Ciprotti, Niall C. Tebbutt, Fook-Thean Lee, Sze-Ting Lee, Hui K. Gan, Wendie Hopkins, Fiona E. Scott, Andrew M. Scott, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research; David C. McKee, Graeme J. O'Keefe, Sylvia J. Gong, Geoffrey Chong, Bridget Chappell, Andrew M. Scott, Austin Health, Melbourne, Australia; Martin W. Brechbiel, National Cancer Institute, Bethesda, MD; Archie N. Tse, Jonathan Greenberg, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Parsippany, NJ; Mendel Jansen, Daiichi Sankyo Development Ltd, Gerrards Cross, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom; Manabu Matsumura, Masakatsu Kotsuma, Rira Watanabe, Daiichi Sankyo Co., Ltd, Tokyo, Japan; Robert A. Beckman, Georgetown University Medical Center and Ralph Venhaus, Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, New York, NY.
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Welch KD, Panter KE, Lee ST, Gardner DR. The effect of intermittent dosing of Nicotiana glauca on teratogenesis in goats. Toxicon 2015; 93:119-24. [PMID: 25451537 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.11.232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Revised: 11/19/2014] [Accepted: 11/20/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Sustained inhibition of fetal movement in livestock species, induced by several poisonous plants, can result in numerous skeletal-contracture malformations. Lupines are responsible for a condition in cattle referred to as "crooked calf syndrome" that occurs when pregnant cattle graze teratogenic lupines. Similar malformations are also seen in animals poisoned by Conium maculatum (coniine) and Nicotiana glauca (anabasine). A proposed management strategy to limit these types of birth defects includes utilizing an intermittent grazing schedule to allow short durations of grazing lupine-infested areas interrupted by movement to a lupine-free pasture. The objective of this study was to use a goat model to determine if an intermittent schedule of five continuous days on treatment followed by two days off treatment would be sufficient to decrease, or prevent, the incidence of anabasine-induced malformations. The data from this study suggest that, for N. glauca in goats, the intermittent grazing program of five days exposure with two days of non-exposure is insufficient to prevent significant skeletal malformations from occurring. However, this study did demonstrate an inverse relationship between the amount of serum anabasine in the dam and the extent of fetal movement.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
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Koo JE, Lee ST, Chang JH. UV Light and Gas Sensing Properties of Hybrid Sensor Based on Indium-Tin-Oxide Nanocrystals. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2015; 15:669-671. [PMID: 26328423 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2015.8358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We proposed a hybrid sensor which is able to detect both UV light and gas species. The sensor was fabricated by screen printing using indium-tin-oxide (ITO) nanocrystals. To improve the UV sensitivity, high temperature annealing (600 degrees C) under an external pressure (0.2 MPa) was applied. We could observe room temperature operation of the sensor under the simultaneous stimulation of UV light and CH4 gas. This is indicating that an improved fire warning is possible by using the proposed hybrid sensor.
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Panter KE, Gardner DR. A study on embryonic death in goats due to Nicotiana glauca ingestion. Toxicon 2014; 90:64-9. [PMID: 25108148 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.07.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2014] [Revised: 07/25/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Numerous plants are known to be teratogenic in livestock. In addition to causing malformations, several plants can also cause embryonic death. These losses decrease the reproductive efficiency of animals exposed to these plants. The aim of this study was to determine if teratogenic plants such as lupines or tobaccos cause embryonic losses. A goat model using the plant Nicotiana glauca was used in this study, as this model has been used to characterize the mechanism of Lupinus, Conium, and Nicotiana-induced terata. Four groups of goats were dosed from gestational day 1-10, 11-20, 21-30, and 31-40. Goats were evaluated via ultrasound imaging for pregnancy after completion of the dosing regimen and kids were evaluated for malformations at the time of parturition. Overall, there was no evidence from this study that N. glauca (anabasine) at this dose (2 g/kg/day) would cause embryonic losses in goats. However, the dose of N. glauca used in this study was at the lower threshold that would be expected to produce terata. Therefore it is possible that higher doses of anabasine could cause embryonic loss. Further work is also needed to characterize the kinetic profile of anabasine, and other teratogenic alkaloids, in the fetal compartments.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, Logan, UT 84341, USA
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Ahn JI, Lee ST, Park JH, Kim JY, Park JH, Choi JK, Lee G, Lee ES, Lim JM. In vitro-growth and Gene Expression of Porcine Preantral Follicles Retrieved by Different Protocols. Asian-Australas J Anim Sci 2014; 25:950-5. [PMID: 25049649 PMCID: PMC4092981 DOI: 10.5713/ajas.2010.10355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2010] [Revised: 07/26/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
This study was conducted to determine how the isolation method of the porcine preantral follicles influenced the following follicular growth in vitro. Mechanical and enzymatical isolations were used for retrieving the follicles from prepubertal porcine ovaries, and in vitro-growth of the follicles and the expression of folliculogenesis-related genes were subsequently monitored. The enzymatic retrieval with collagenase treatment returned more follicles than the mechanical retrieval, while the percentage of morphologically normal follicles was higher with mechanical retrieval than with enzymatic retrieval. After 4 days of culture, mechanically retrieved, preantral follicles yielded more follicles with normal morphology than enzymatically retrieved follicles, which resulted in improved follicular growth. The mRNA expression of FSHR, LHR Cx43, DNMT1 and FGFR2 genes was significantly higher after culture of the follicles retrieved mechanically. These results suggest that mechanical isolation is a better method of isolating porcine preantral follicles that will develop into competent oocytes in in vitro culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Ahn
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - S T Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - J Y Kim
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - J H Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - J K Choi
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - G Lee
- School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-742, Korea
| | - E S Lee
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
| | - J M Lim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology, Kangwon National University, Chunchon 200-701, Korea
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Han NR, Park YH, Yun JI, Park HJ, Park MH, Kim MS, Choi JH, Lee E, Gong SP, Lim JM, Lee ST. Determination of Feeder Cell-Based Cellular Niches Supporting the Colonization and Maintenance of Spermatogonial Stem Cells from Prepubertal Domestic Cat Testes. Reprod Domest Anim 2014; 49:705-10. [DOI: 10.1111/rda.12351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2014] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- NR Han
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Life and Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - YH Park
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - JI Yun
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - HJ Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Life and Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - MH Park
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Life and Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - MS Kim
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Life and Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - JH Choi
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - E Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
| | - SP Gong
- Department of Marine Biomaterials and Aquaculture; Pukyong National University; Busan Korea
| | - JM Lim
- Department of Agricultural Biotechnology; College of Agriculture and Life Sciences; Seoul National University; Seoul Korea
| | - ST Lee
- Department of Animal Biotechnology; College of Animal Life and Science; Kangwon National University; Chuncheon Korea
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Welch KD, Lee ST, Panter KE, Gardner DR, Knoppel EL, Green BT, Hammond CK, Hammond ZJ, Pfister JA. Studies on the teratogenicity of anabasine in a rat model. Toxicon 2014; 87:32-7. [PMID: 24905648 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2014.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2014] [Revised: 05/21/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A number of plant toxins have been shown to be teratogenic to livestock. The teratogenic action of some of these alkaloids is mediated by nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR). However, for many of these alkaloids it is difficult to obtain sufficient quantities of individual alkaloids to perform teratology studies in livestock species. Therefore the objective of this study was to determine if a rat model can be utilized to characterize the teratogenic nature of individual plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. In this study, we evaluated the teratogenicity of anabasine by feeding pregnant rats anabasine-containing rodent chow from gestational day (GD) 6-21. On GD21, the dams were euthanized and the gravid uteri were removed. The gravid uteri and individual pups were weighed. The pups were evaluated for bone malformations including cleft palate and scoliosis. Overall, the results of this study suggest that the rat is not a good model to study the teratogenicity of plant toxins that are nAChR agonists. It is possible that in the rat model, anabasine administered orally via the chow may not result in sufficient reduction in fetal movement to cause the significant malformations observed in livestock species.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA.
| | - S T Lee
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - K E Panter
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - D R Gardner
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - E L Knoppel
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - B T Green
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - C K Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - Z J Hammond
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
| | - J A Pfister
- USDA-ARS Poisonous Plant Research Laboratory, 1150 E. 1400 N., Logan, UT 84341, USA
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Shihab FS, Lee ST, Smith LD, Woodle ES, Pirsch JD, Gaber AO, Henning AK, Reisfield R, Fitzsimmons W, Holman J. Effect of corticosteroid withdrawal on tacrolimus and mycophenolate mofetil exposure in a randomized multicenter study. Am J Transplant 2013; 13:474-84. [PMID: 23167508 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-6143.2012.04327.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2012] [Revised: 09/08/2012] [Accepted: 09/27/2012] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
As corticosteroid-sparing protocols are increasingly utilized in kidney transplant recipients, it is crucial to understand potential drug interactions between tacrolimus (TAC) and the effect of corticosteroid withdrawal as well as to characterize dose adjustments of mycophenolate mofetil (MMF) in this setting. This prospective, multicenter, randomized, double-blind study included 397 patients who were randomized on posttransplant day 8 to receive either placebo (CSWD) or corticosteroid continuance (CCS). TAC trough levels at week two posttransplant were significantly greater in the CSWD group whereas TAC doses were comparable to the CCS group. This interaction was not observed in the African American subgroup. Higher serum creatinine and potassium levels were also observed in the CSWD group. MMF dose was significantly reduced in the CSWD group by the investigators because of decreased WBC counts, mostly outside of study protocol criteria, despite similar incidence of neutropenia and reported cytomegalovirus infection. Understanding TAC and MMF exposure in the context of corticosteroid-sparing protocols should allow for improved dosing of immunosuppressants and better management of posttransplant patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- F S Shihab
- University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT, USA.
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Cao YL, Liu ZT, Chen LM, Tang YB, Luo LB, Lee ST, Lee CS. In-situ phosphrous doping in ZnTe nanowires with enhanced p-type conductivity. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:2353-2359. [PMID: 22755058 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline undoped and phosphrous-doped (P-doped) p-type ZnTe nanowires (NWs) were synthesized via a simple vapor transport and deposition method. Both undoped and P-doped ZnTe nanowires have zinc blende structure and uniform geometry. X-ray diffraction peaks of the P-doped ZnTe nanowires show an obvious shift toward higher diffraction angle as compared with the undoped ZnTe nanowires. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirms the existence of P-dopant in the ZnTe nanowires. Field-effect transistors based on both undoped and P-doped ZnTe nanowires were fabricated and characterized. Electrical measurements demonstrated that P-doping led to an enhancement in ptype conductivity of ZnTe nanowires. A defect reaction mechanism was proposed to explain the p-type behaviors of both undoped and P-doped ZnTe nanowires.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF), Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Prasifka JR, Bradshaw JD, Lee ST, Gray ME. Relative feeding and development of armyworm on switchgrass and corn, and its potential effects on switchgrass grown for biomass. J Econ Entomol 2011; 104:1561-7. [PMID: 22066185 DOI: 10.1603/ec10304] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
To help assess the potential for damage by armyworms [Mythimna (Pseudaletia) unipuncta (Haworth) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae)] to switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L.) and surrounding crops, survival and development were evaluated for larvae reared on leaves of switchgrass, corn (Zea mays L.), and miscanthus (Miscanthus x giganteus Greef and Deuter ex Hodkinson and Renvoize). Additional tests assessed the relationship between leaf position and the concentration of saponins (plant compounds which can provide protection from insect herbivores) and examined the effect of defoliation on switchgrass dry mass. Survival to adulthood was similar when larvae were reared on field-grown leaves of switchgrass and corn. However, lower larval mass (10 d) and delayed development of M. unipuncta (to pupation, adult emergence) suggest switchgrass is an inferior host relative to corn. When fed field-grown miscanthus, no larvae survived 10 d. Few differences were noted between switchgrass and corn grown under controlled (laboratory) conditions, but M. unipuncta survival seemed to decline rapidly when larvae were fed the fourth and fifth leaves of switchgrass. Switchgrass leaf samples collected from different leaf positions and stages of tiller maturity showed up to 10-fold differences in the concentration of the saponin protodioscin, with the greatest concentrations in the fourth and fifth leaves. However, other saponins showed an opposite pattern, indicating the role of protodioscin on insect development should be tested in isolation (e.g., by addition of the purified compound to an artificial diet). Defoliation trials indicated that extremely high M. unipuncta populations may be necessary to cause any significant reduction in switchgrass biomass. Collectively, results suggest M. unipuncta may not present a significant risk to biomass production in switchgrass, but that the spring emergence of switchgrass provides an alternate host for M. unipuncta before colonizing annual food and feed crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Prasifka
- Energy Biosciences Institute, Institute for Genomic Biology, Rm 1117, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USA.
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Cao YL, Liu ZT, Chen LM, Tang YB, Luo LB, Jie JS, Zhang WJ, Lee ST, Lee CS. Single-crystalline ZnTe nanowires for application as high-performance green/ultraviolet photodetector. Opt Express 2011; 19:6100-8. [PMID: 21451633 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.006100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Single-crystalline ZnTe nanowires were prepared by a simple vapor transport and deposition method. Photodetectors of individual ZnTe nanowires were fabricated to study photoconductivity of the nanowires. It was observed the nanowire photodetectors show the highest visible-light photoconductive gains among all reported photodetectors based on 1D nanostructure semiconductors, including CdS, CdSe, ZnSe, etc. The high photosensitivity and relatively fast response speed are attributable to the high crystal quality of the ZnTe nanowires. These results reveal that such single-crystalline ZnTe nanowires are excellent candidates for optoelectronic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Abstract
Carbimazole is a drug that is widely used for hyperthyroid disorders, such as Graves' disease. Agranulocytosis is a rare idiosyncratic adverse reaction to the drug which is potentially fatal. This report describes a patient with a history of successfully treated pyoderma gangrenosum, who developed agranulocytosis 3 weeks after commencement of carbimazole for Graves' disease. It may give credence to the theory that implicates antineutrophil cytoplasmic antibodies in the pathogenesis of agranulocytosis induced by antithyroid drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Yip
- Department of Medicine, Austin Health, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia.
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Lin SH, Lee ST, Yoon YH, Eyring H. Medium-induced radiationless transitions and effect of solvent on radiationless transitions. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 73:2533-5. [PMID: 16592336 PMCID: PMC430680 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.73.8.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this paper has been to investigate the effect of solvent on radiationless transitions. Two types of the solvent effect have been studied: one is the so-called medium-induced radiationless transition, i.e., the radiationless transition induced by the interaction between the solute and solvent, and the other is the effect of solvent on the radiationless transition through the change in energy gap induced by the solute-solvent interaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Lin
- Department of Chemistry, Arizona State University, Tempe, Ariz. 85281
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Yuan GD, Zhou YB, Guo CS, Zhang WJ, Tang YB, Li YQ, Chen ZH, He ZB, Zhang XJ, Wang PF, Bello I, Zhang RQ, Lee CS, Lee ST. Tunable electrical properties of silicon nanowires via surface-ambient chemistry. ACS Nano 2010; 4:3045-3052. [PMID: 20565140 DOI: 10.1021/nn1001613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
p-Type surface conductivity is a uniquely important property of hydrogen-terminated diamond surfaces. In this work, we report similar surface-dominated electrical properties in silicon nanowires (SiNWs). Significantly, we demonstrate tunable and reversible transition of p(+)-p-i-n-n(+) conductance in nominally intrinsic SiNWs via changing surface conditions, in sharp contrast to the only p-type conduction observed on diamond surfaces. On the basis of Si band energies and the electrochemical potentials of the ambient (pH value)-determined adsorbed aqueous layer, we propose an electron-transfer-dominated surface doping model, which can satisfactorily explain both diamond and silicon surface conductivity. The totality of our observations suggests that nanomaterials can be described as a core-shell structure due to their large surface-to-volume ratio. Consequently, controlling the surface or shell in the core-shell model represents a universal way to tune the properties of nanostructures, such as via surface-transfer doping, and is crucial for the development of nanostructure-based devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D Yuan
- Centre of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Song HS, Zhang WJ, Tang YB, He ZB, Yuan GD, Fan X, Lee CS, Bello I, Lee ST. Field electron emission of ZnO nanowire pyramidal bundle arrays. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:2360-5. [PMID: 20355434 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
A facile hydrothermal method was adopted to in situ grow ZnO nanowire pyramidal bundle arrays on zinc substrates at low growth temperature without the assistance of catalysts and templates. The bundle arrays were shown to form by sticking of nanowires at their tips. Field electron emission characterization of nanowires bundle arrays revealed a very low turn-on electric field of about 2.3 V/microm and a threshold electric field (corresponding to the field electron emission current density of 10 mA/cm2) of 6.8 V/microm, which are comparable to those observed in carbon nanotube arrays. The bundle arrays also show pronounced long-term field electron emission stability at a high current density. In addition, the formation mechanism of the pyramidal bundled arrays and the origin of the peculiar field electron emission properties were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- H S Song
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Welch KD, Panter KE, Lee ST, Gardner DR, Stegelmeier BL, Cook D. Cyclopamine-induced synophthalmia in sheep: defining a critical window and toxicokinetic evaluation. J Appl Toxicol 2010; 29:414-21. [PMID: 19301244 DOI: 10.1002/jat.1427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Cyclopamine, a steroidal alkaloid, from the plant Veratrum californicum is teratogenic, causing a range of different birth defects. The critical window for cyclopamine-induced synophthalmia formation has been reported to be gestational day (GD) 14. The objectives of this study were to better describe cyclopamine-induced craniofacial deformities, to better define the window of susceptibility to synophthalmia formation, and to characterize cyclopamine toxicokinetics in sheep. Ewes were dosed i.v. with purified cyclopamine for toxicokinetic analysis. Another four groups of ewes were dosed orally twice daily with 0.88 g/kg of V. californicum on GD 13, 14 or 15 or consecutively on GD days 13-15. Pregnancy and pre-partum fetal malformations were determined by ultrasound imaging on GD 60. At parturition lambs were assessed for gross malformations. The elimination half-life of cyclopamine in ewes was determined to be 1.1 +/- 0.1 h. The rapid clearance of cyclopamine indicates that ingestion of V. californicum must occur during a very narrow window for synophthalmia formation to occur. Ewes dosed with V. californicum on GD 13 or 14 had lambs with various craniofacial malformations including cyclopia, maxillary dysplasia and mandibular micrognathia. Ewes dosed on GD 15 delivered normal lambs. Ewes dosed consecutively on GD 13-15 were not pregnant at GD 60 and Veratrum-induced embryonic death was assumed to be the cause. Interestingly, lambs with cyclopia were smaller, under-developed and appeared premature even though their twin appeared fully developed. Initial evaluations suggest this was due to placental dysplasia.
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Affiliation(s)
- K D Welch
- Unites States Department of Agriculture, Logan, UT 84341, USA.
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Cao YL, Tang YB, Liu Y, Liu ZT, Luo LB, He ZB, Jie JS, Vellaisamy R, Zhang WJ, Lee CS, Lee ST. Coaxial nanocables of p-type zinc telluride nanowires sheathed with silicon oxide: synthesis, characterization and properties. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:455702. [PMID: 19834241 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/45/455702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Coaxial nanocables with a single-crystalline zinc telluride (ZnTe) nanowire core and an amorphous silicon oxide (SiO(x)) shell have been synthesized via a simple one-step chemical vapor deposition (CVD) method on gold-decorated silicon substrates. The single-crystal ZnTe nanowire core is in zinc-blende structure along the [111] direction, while the uniform SiO(x) shell fully covers the core with no observable pin-hole or crack. Formation mechanisms of the ZnTe-SiO(x) nanocables are discussed. The ZnTe nanowire core shows p-type electrical properties while the SiO(x) shell acts as an effective insulating layer. The ZnTe-SiO(x) nanocables may have potential applications in nanoscale devices, such as p-type FETs and nanosensors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Cao
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Herbertson RA, Tebbutt NC, Lee FT, MacFarlane DJ, Chappell B, Micallef N, Lee ST, Saunder T, Hopkins W, Smyth FE, Wyld DK, Bellen J, Sonnichsen DS, Brechbiel MW, Murone C, Scott AM. Phase I biodistribution and pharmacokinetic study of Lewis Y-targeting immunoconjugate CMD-193 in patients with advanced epithelial cancers. Clin Cancer Res 2009; 15:6709-15. [PMID: 19825951 PMCID: PMC6944432 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-09-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This phase I study explored the biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of the immunoconjugate CMD-193 [a humanized anti-Lewis Y (Le(y)) antibody conjugated with calicheamicin in patients with advanced cancers expressing the Le(y) antigen. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN The primary objectives were to determine biodistribution and pharmacokinetics of CMD-193. Secondary objectives included response rates and change in tumor metabolism. Patients with progressive, measurable, and Le(y) positive malignancies were eligible for enrollment in one of two dose cohorts, 1.0 and 2.6 mg/m(2). The first cycle was trace labeled with (111)In for biodistribution assessment using gamma camera imaging. Subsequent cycles were administered every 3 weeks up to a maximum of six cycles, depending on toxicity and response. Pharmacokinetic analysis was based on radioassay and ELISA. RESULTS Nine patients were enrolled in the study. Biodistribution images showed initial blood pool activity, followed by markedly increased hepatic uptake by day 2, and fast blood clearance in all patients. There was low uptake in tumor in all patients. The overall T(1/2)beta of (111)In-CMD-193 was 102.88 +/- 35.67 hours, with no statistically significant difference between the two dose levels. One patient had a partial metabolic response on (18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose-positron emission tomography ((18)F-FDG PET) after four cycles, but no radiological responses were observed. Myelosuppression and effects on liver function were the most significant adverse effects. CONCLUSIONS CMD-193 shows rapid blood clearance and increased hepatic uptake compared with prior studies of the parental antibody hu3S193. These results highlight the importance of biodistribution and pharmacodynamic assessment in early phase studies of new biologics to assist in clinical development.
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Luo LB, Jie JS, Chen ZH, Zhang XJ, Fan X, Yuan GD, He ZB, Zhang WF, Zhang WJ, Lee ST. Photoconductive properties of selenium nanowire photodetectors. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2009; 9:6292-6298. [PMID: 19908525 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2009.1468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Selenium nanowires with a diameter of about 70 nm and a growth direction along [001] were fabricated via a facile solution method. Photoconductive properties of Se wires were systematically characterized via photodetectors made of single Se nanowire. The photodetectors exhibited a high light on-off current ratio (Ilight/ Idark) of 450, and a fast light response speed of millisecond rise/fall time with excellent stability and reproducibility. It was also observed that the response time strongly depend on the intensity of the illumination light: the rise time and fall time for a typical photodetector is 0.68/1.85, 0.53/1.70, 0.54/1.65, 0.51/1.59, and 0.49/1.58 ms for light intensity of 0.18, 0.26, 0.43, 0.96, and 1.89 mW/cm2, respectively, and the relationship between the light intensity and the photocurrent can be fitted by using a simple power law. The diameters of the nanowire were found to have a significant influence on the response speed with smaller Se nanowires showing higher response speed. Finally, the mechanisms of photoconduction and factors affecting the performance of the photodetectors were elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Luo
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Zou YS, Chong YM, Ji AL, Yang Y, Ye Q, He B, Zhang WJ, Bello I, Lee ST. The fabrication of cubic boron nitride nanocone and nanopillar arrays via reactive ion etching. Nanotechnology 2009; 20:155305. [PMID: 19420547 DOI: 10.1088/0957-4484/20/15/155305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
High-density (2 x 10(9) cm(-2)) uniform arrays of cubic boron nitride (cBN) nanocones and nanopillars with a high aspect ratio were fabricated by employing sequential growth and bias-assisted reactive ion etching using gold nano-dots as an etching mask. The mechanism of formation of the nanopillar and nanocone morphologies was discussed in terms of the relative action of ion bombardment etching and chemical etching due to activated hydrogen plasma constituents. The presented method enabled nanostructuring of cBN surfaces over large areas with great uniformity and reproducibility with a controlled aspect ratio. The unique morphology of the nanostructures offers diverse application opportunities in microelectromechanical devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Zou
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, and Department of Physics and Materials Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
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Tang YB, Lee CS, Chen ZH, Yuan GD, Kang ZH, Luo LB, Song HS, Liu Y, He ZB, Zhang WJ, Bello I, Lee ST. High-quality Graphenes via a facile quenching method for field-effect transistors. Nano Lett 2009; 9:1374-7. [PMID: 19301858 DOI: 10.1021/nl803025e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Single- and few-layer graphene sheets with sizes up to 0.1 mm were fabricated by simply quenching hot graphite in an ammonium hydrogen carbonate aqueous solution. The identity and thickness of graphene sheets were characterized with transmission electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, and Raman spectroscopy. In addition to its simplicity and scalability, the present synthesis can produce graphene sheets with excellent qualities in terms of sizes, purity, and crystal quality. The as-produced graphene sheets can be easily transferred to solid substrates for further processing. Field-effect transistors based on individual graphenes were fabricated and shown to have high ambipolar carrier mobilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y B Tang
- Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films, Hong Kong SAR, China
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Yin LW, Lee ST. Wurtzite-twinning-induced growth of three-dimensional II-VI ternary alloyed nanoarchitectures and their tunable band gap energy properties. Nano Lett 2009; 9:957-963. [PMID: 19206217 DOI: 10.1021/nl802823d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
By controlling the growth kinetics, we succeeded in growing wurtzite-twinning-induced three-dimensional (3D) alloyed ternary ZnSexS1-x nanoarchitectures with controlled morphologies and chemical composition via a vapor-solid (VS) process. The lattice constants of the alloyed ZnSexS1-x are linearly dependent on the chemical constituent stoichiometry. Compared with the (102) and (101) twinning in wurtzite structure, the wurtzite {013} twinning with the lowest energy is proved to be an effective route to self-assemble ZnSexS1-x building blocks into bicrystalline and tricrystalline 3D branched nanoarchitectures of different configurations and morphologies. The twinned structure formation is related to growth kinetics at a relatively high temperature. It is the {013} twinning that can accelerate the growth of the 3D nanoarchitectures adapting their specific branching structures, while such characteristic branches are not induced by surface polarity of the II-VI materials. The difference in the final structures and configurations depends on the starting nucleus of the stretching branches, and the type of the nucleated twinning is the key factor in dictating the final nanostructures. Bicrystalline ZnSe0.4S0.6 3D nanoarchitectures are induced by the (013) twin, with the stretched branches growing along [10] direction with an angle of 148 degrees. For the tricrystalline 3D nanoarchitectures, the zinc blende phase is not present at the core of the ZnSe0.4S0.6 3D nanoarchitectures. The stretched branches grow along the [001] direction and share a common twin plane of (013) with an angle of 109.5 degrees between the branches. Cathodoluminescence examination at 10 K reveals that band gap energy can be tuned via chemical composition modification of the alloyed ZnSexS1-x structures. However, a linear relationship does not exist between the near band energy and the chemical composition of the alloyed ZnSexS1-x. This result should be of great significance to realize band gap engineering via chemical composition modification of high-quality alloyed II-VI ternary compound semiconductors.
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Affiliation(s)
- L W Yin
- Center of Super-Diamond and Advanced Films (COSDAF) and Department of Physics and Materials Science, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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