1
|
Kimura T, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Nakamura H, Sakaue M, Maniwa T, Shintani Y, Honma K, Tahara H, Okami J. Progressive changes in the protein expression profile of alveolar septa in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma. Int J Clin Oncol 2024:10.1007/s10147-024-02507-1. [PMID: 38600426 DOI: 10.1007/s10147-024-02507-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adenocarcinomas show a stepwise progression from atypical adenomatous hyperplasia (AAH) through adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS) to invasive adenocarcinoma (IA). Immunoglobulin superfamily containing leucine-rich repeat (ISLR) is a marker of tumor-restraining cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs), which are distinct from conventional, strongly α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive CAFs. Fibroblast activation protein (FAP) has been focused on as a potential therapeutic and diagnostic target of CAFs. METHODS We investigated the changes in protein expression during adenocarcinoma progression in the pre-existing alveolar septa by assessing ISLR, αSMA, and FAP expression in normal lung, AAH, AIS, and IA. Fourteen AAH, seventeen AIS, and twenty IA lesions were identified and randomly sampled. Immunohistochemical analysis was performed to evaluate cancer-associated changes and FAP expression in the pre-existing alveolar structures. RESULTS Normal alveolar septa expressed ISLR. The ISLR level in the alveolar septa decreased in AAH and AIS tissues when compared with that in normal lung tissue. The αSMA-positive area gradually increased from the adjacent lung tissue (13.3% ± 15%) to AIS (87.7% ± 14%), through AAH (70.2% ± 21%). Moreover, the FAP-positive area gradually increased from AAH (1.69% ± 1.4%) to IA (11.8% ± 7.1%), through AIS (6.11% ± 5.3%). Protein expression changes are a feature of CAFs in the pre-existing alveolar septa that begin in AAH. These changes gradually progressed from AAH to IA through AIS. CONCLUSIONS FAP-positive fibroblasts may contribute to tumor stroma formation in early-stage lung adenocarcinoma, and this could influence the development of therapeutic strategies targeting FAP-positive CAFs for disrupting extracellular matrix formation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toru Kimura
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan.
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Miki Sakaue
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Maniwa
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Yasushi Shintani
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2-L5, Yamadaoka, , Suita, 565-0871, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, 4-6-1 Shirokanedai, Minato-Ku, Tokyo, 108-8639, Japan
| | - Jiro Okami
- Department of General Thoracic Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69, Otemae, Chuo-Ku, Osaka, 541-8567, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mizote Y, Inoue T, Akazawa T, Kunimasa K, Tamiya M, Kumamoto Y, Tsuda A, Yoshida S, Tatsumi K, Ekawa T, Honma K, Nishino K, Tahara H. Potent CTLs can be induced against tumor cells in an environment of lower levels of systemic MFG-E8. Cancer Sci 2024; 115:1114-1128. [PMID: 38332689 PMCID: PMC11007000 DOI: 10.1111/cas.16099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2023] [Revised: 12/19/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/10/2024] Open
Abstract
The direction and magnitude of immune responses are critically affected when dead cells are disposed of. Milk fat globule-epidermal growth factor-factor 8 (MFG-E8) promotes the engulfment of apoptotic normal and cancerous cells without inducing inflammation. We have previously reported that a certain proportion of the cancer cells express abundant MFG-E8, and that such expression is associated with the shorter survival of patients with esophageal cancer who had received chemotherapy before surgery. However, the influence of tumor-derived and systemically existing MFG-E8 on antitumor immune responses has not yet been fully investigated. Herein, we showed that CTL-dependent antitumor immune responses were observed in mice with no or decreased levels of systemic MFG-E8, and that such responses were enhanced further with the administration of anti-PD-1 antibody. In mice with decreased levels of systemic MFG-E8, the dominance of regulatory T cells in tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes was inverted to CD8+ T cell dominance. MFG-E8 expression by tumor cells appears to affect antitumor immune responses only when the level of systemic MFG-E8 is lower than the physiological status. We have also demonstrated in the clinical setting that lower levels of plasma MFG-E8, but not MFG-E8 expression in tumor cells, before the treatment was associated with objective responses to anti-PD-1 therapy in patients with non-small cell lung cancer. These results suggest that systemic MFG-E8 plays a critical role during the immunological initiation process of antigen-presenting cells to increase tumor-specific CTLs. Regulation of the systemic level of MFG-E8 might induce efficient antitumor immune responses and enhance the potency of anti-PD-1 therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yachiyo Kumamoto
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Arisa Tsuda
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Satomi Yoshida
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Ekawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and CytologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic OncologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, The Institute of Medical ScienceThe University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Tatsumi K, Wada H, Hasegawa S, Asukai K, Nagata S, Ekawa T, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Okumura S, Okamura R, Ohue M, Obama K, Tahara H. Prediction for oxaliplatin-induced liver injury using patient-derived liver organoids. Cancer Med 2024; 13:e7042. [PMID: 38400666 PMCID: PMC10891453 DOI: 10.1002/cam4.7042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2023] [Revised: 01/22/2024] [Accepted: 02/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver injury associated with oxaliplatin (L-OHP)-based chemotherapy can significantly impact the treatment outcomes of patients with colorectal cancer liver metastases, especially when combined with surgery. To date, no definitive biomarker that can predict the risk of liver injury has been identified. This study aimed to investigate whether organoids can be used as tools to predict the risk of liver injury. METHODS We examined the relationship between the clinical signs of L-OHP-induced liver injury and the responses of patient-derived liver organoids in vitro. Organoids were established from noncancerous liver tissues obtained from 10 patients who underwent L-OHP-based chemotherapy and hepatectomy for colorectal cancer. RESULTS Organoids cultured in a galactose differentiation medium, which can activate the mitochondria of organoids, showed sensitivity to L-OHP cytotoxicity, which was significantly related to clinical liver toxicity induced by L-OHP treatment. Organoids from patients who presented with a high-grade liver injury to the L-OHP regimen showed an obvious increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels and a significant decrease in mitochondrial membrane potential with L-OHP exposure. L-OHP-induced mitochondrial oxidative stress was not observed in the organoids from patients with low-grade liver injury. CONCLUSIONS These results suggested that L-OHP-induced liver injury may be caused by mitochondrial oxidative damage. Furthermore, patient-derived liver organoids may be used to assess susceptibility to L-OHP-induced liver injury in individual patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hiroshi Wada
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shinichiro Hasegawa
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kei Asukai
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shigenori Nagata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and CytologyOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Tomoya Ekawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Shintaro Okumura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Ryosuke Okamura
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Masayuki Ohue
- Department of Gastroenterological SurgeryOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
| | - Kazutaka Obama
- Department of Surgery, Graduate School of MedicineKyoto UniversityKyotoJapan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research CenterOsaka International Cancer InstituteOsakaJapan
- Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular TherapyThe Institute of Medical Science, The University of TokyoTokyoJapan
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kukita Y, Kunimasa K, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Tahara H. A Method for Extending Target Regions of Genomic Profiling by Combining a Custom Probe Pool with a Commercial Targeted Panel. J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:1065-1073. [PMID: 37748758 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Next-generation sequencing (NGS)-based genomic profiling is becoming widespread in determining treatment policies for patients with tumors. Commercially available gene panels for pan-tumor targets comprise hundreds of tumor-related genes but frequently lack genes of interest in specific tumor types. In this study, we demonstrate a method for extending target regions of genomic profiling by combining a custom probe pool with a commercial targeted panel. METHODS We used TruSight Oncology 500 (TSO500) as a commercial targeted panel and a custom probe pool designed for all exons of the SMARCA2 gene. Sequencing libraries of custom targets were constructed using a portion of the TSO500 library solution before the hybridization-capture process. After hybridization capture, both libraries were combined and sequenced using a next-generation sequencer. RESULTS Sequencing results showed that >96.8% and 100% of the target exons were covered at a depth of over 100× using the TSO500 and custom panels, respectively. The custom panels had slightly better median exon coverage than the TSO500. The combined libraries of the custom and TSO500 panels showed a mapped read ratio close to the mixing ratio. Analysis of mutation-free regions showed similar accuracies between the TSO500 and custom panels regarding variant calling. CONCLUSIONS Our devised method easily and affordably extends the targets beyond a ready-made panel. This method provides a valuable solution until the widespread adoption of whole-exome sequencing, which is costly for large target sizes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Watanabe S, Takagi A, Yuba E, Kojima C, Dei N, Matsumoto A, Tanikawa J, Kawamura T, De Silva NH, Izawa T, Akazawa T, Kanegi R, Hatoya S, Inaba T, Sugiura K. In vivo transfection of cytokine genes into tumor cells using a synthetic vehicle promotes antitumor immune responses in a visceral tumor model. FASEB J 2023; 37:e23228. [PMID: 37815518 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202202036r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/11/2023]
Abstract
The tumor microenvironment (TME) strongly affects the clinical outcomes of immunotherapy. This study aimed to activate the antitumor immune response by manipulating the TME by transfecting genes encoding relevant cytokines into tumor cells using a synthetic vehicle, which is designed to target tumor cells and promote the expression of transfected genes. Lung tumors were formed by injecting CT26.WT intravenously into BALB/c mice. Upon intravenous injection of the green fluorescent protein-coding plasmid encapsulated in the vehicle, 14.2% tumor-specific expression was observed. Transfection of the granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor (GM-CSF) and CD40 ligand (L)-plasmid combination and interferon gamma (IFNγ) and CD40L-plasmid combination showed 45.5% and 54.5% complete remission (CR), respectively, on day 60; alternate treatments with both the plasmid combinations elicited 66.7% CR, while the control animals died within 48 days. Immune status analysis revealed that the density of dendritic cells significantly increased in tumors, particularly after GM-CSF- and CD40L-gene transfection, while that of regulatory T cells significantly decreased. The proportion of activated killer cells and antitumoral macrophages significantly increased, specifically after IFNγ and CD40L transfection. Furthermore, the level of the immune escape molecule programmed death ligand-1 decreased in tumors after transfecting these cytokine genes. As a result, tumor cell-specific transfection of these cytokine genes by the synthetic vehicle significantly promotes antitumor immune responses in the TME, a key aim for visceral tumor therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Ayaka Takagi
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Chie Kojima
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Nanako Dei
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Akikazu Matsumoto
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Japan
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Metropolitan University, Sakai, Japan
| | - Jun Tanikawa
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Kawamura
- Bioscience Research Laboratory, Sumitomo Chemical Company, Ltd., Osaka, Japan
| | - Nadeeka H De Silva
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Takeshi Izawa
- Department of Integrated Structural Biosciences, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Department of Integrated Structural Biosciences, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanegi
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Toshio Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Japan
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Veterinary Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, Izumisano, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Watanabe S, Yuba E, Akazawa T, Wijewardana V, Kakihara Y, Azuma A, Hagimori K, Kanegi R, Hatoya S, Inoue N, Inaba T, Sugiura K. Potent adjuvant effect elicited for tumor immunotherapy by a liposome conjugated pH-sensitive polymer and dendritic cell-targeting Toll-like-receptor ligand. Vaccine 2022; 40:1448-1457. [PMID: 35131134 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2022.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2021] [Revised: 12/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
The generation of DCs with augmented functions is a strategy for obtaining satisfactory clinical outcomes in tumor immunotherapy. We developed a novel synthetic adjuvant comprising a liposome conjugated with a DC-targeting Toll-like-receptor ligand and a pH-sensitive polymer for augmenting cross-presentation. In an in vitro study using mouse DCs, these liposomes were selectively incorporated into DCs, significantly enhanced DC function and activated immune responses to present an epitope of the incorporated antigen on the major histocompatibility complex class I molecules. Immunization of mice with liposomes encapsulating a tumor antigen significantly enhanced antigen-specific cytotoxicity. In tumor-bearing mice, vaccination with liposomes encapsulating a tumor antigen elicited complete tumor remission. Furthermore, vaccination significantly enhanced cytotoxicity, targeting not only the vaccinated antigen but also the other antigens of the tumor cell. These results indicate that liposomes are an ideal adjuvant to develop DCs with considerably high potential to elicit antigen-specific immune responses; they are a promising tool for cancer therapy with neoantigen vaccination.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Shunichi Watanabe
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Eiji Yuba
- Department of Applied Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka Prefecture University, Sakai, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Osaka 541-8567 Japan
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Animal Production and Health Laboratory, Joint FAO/IAEA Division of Nuclear Techniques in Food and Agriculture, Department of Nuclear Sciences and Applications, International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, Austria
| | - Yuka Kakihara
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ayaka Azuma
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kenji Hagimori
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Ryoji Kanegi
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Shingo Hatoya
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Wakayama 641-8509 Japan
| | - Toshio Inaba
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka 598-8531, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Ikezawa K, Ekawa T, Hasegawa S, Kai Y, Takada R, Yamai T, Fukutake N, Ogawa H, Akazawa T, Mizote Y, Tatsumi K, Nagata S, Asukai K, Takahashi H, Ohkawa K, Tahara H. Establishment of organoids using residual samples from saline flushes during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration in patients with pancreatic cancer. Endosc Int Open 2022; 10:E82-E87. [PMID: 35036290 PMCID: PMC8752201 DOI: 10.1055/a-1713-3404] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and study aims In patients with pancreatic cancer (PC), patient-derived organoid cultures can be useful tools for personalized drug selection and preclinical evaluation of novel therapies. To establish a less invasive method of creating organoids from a patient's tumor, we examined whether PC organoids can be established using residual samples from saline flushes (RSSFs) during endoscopic ultrasound-guided fine-needle aspiration (EUS-FNA). Methods Five patients with PC who underwent EUS-FNA were enrolled in a prospective study conducted at our institution. RSSFs obtained during EUS-FNA procedures were collected. An organoid culture was considered as established when ≥ 5 passages were successful. Organoid-derived xenografts were created using established organoids. Results EUS-FNA was performed using a 22- or 25-gauge lancet needle without complications. Patient-derived organoids were successfully established in four patients (80.0 %) with the complete medium and medium for the selection of KRAS mutants. Organoid-derived xenografts were successfully created and histologically similar to EUS-FNA samples. Conclusions Patient-derived PC organoids were successfully established using EUS-FNA RSSFs, which are produced as a byproduct of standard manipulations, but are usually not used for diagnosis. This method can be applied to all patients with PC, without additional invasive procedures, and can contribute to the development of personalized medicine and molecular research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kenji Ikezawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tomoya Ekawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | | - Yugo Kai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Ryoji Takada
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takuo Yamai
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Nobuyasu Fukutake
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hisataka Ogawa
- Nitto Joint Research Department for Nucleic Acid Medicine, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Tatsumi
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Shigenori Nagata
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology and Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Asukai
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidenori Takahashi
- Department of Surgery, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Ohkawa
- Department of Hepatobiliary and Pancreatic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan,Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Akazawa T, Itami H, Furumoto T, Nozaki C, Koike H, Iritani S, Amimoto N, Ogawa M. Impact of an Olive Leaf Polyphenol 3,4-DHPEA-EDA on Physical Properties of Food Protein Gels. J Agric Food Chem 2021; 69:14250-14258. [PMID: 34730369 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c04661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
A cold-water extract of olive leaves (Olea europaea L.) is useful as a texture-improving agent for food protein gels. In this work, the compound contributing to the improvement of gel properties was investigated by using the egg white gel (EWG) as a model for food protein gels. Adding 1.0% (w/v) cold-water extract (OLEx) greatly improved the elasticity (2.1 times), viscosity (4.5 times), and breaking stress (1.4 times) of the EWG. Chemical analyses of the protein revealed that the enhancement of physical properties by OLEx was attributed to protein cross-linking activity of polyphenols. LC/MS and NMR analyses indicated that a major protein cross-linker is the dialdehydic form of demethoxycarbonylelenolic acid linked to hydroxytyrosol (3,4-DHPEA-EDA), which is an aglycone derived from oleuropein, a major polyphenol of olive leaves. These results suggest that 3,4-DHPEA-EDA generated by cold-water extraction from the leaf improves the physical properties, that is, texture, of protein gels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
- Department of Food Management, School of Food, Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Miyagi University, Sendai, Miyagi 982-0215, Japan
| | - Hikaru Itami
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Toshio Furumoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Chie Nozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Koike
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Saika Iritani
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Naoyuki Amimoto
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki, Kagawa 761-0795, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Kawachi H, Kunimasa K, Kukita Y, Nakamura H, Honma K, Kawamura T, Inoue T, Tamiya M, Kuhara H, Nishino K, Mizote Y, Akazawa T, Tahara H, Kumagai T. Atezolizumab with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin was effective for patients with SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma. Immunotherapy 2021; 13:799-806. [PMID: 34030451 DOI: 10.2217/imt-2020-0311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
SMARCA4-deficient thoracic sarcoma (DTS) is a recently noted progressive thoracic malignancy. We recently experienced three cases of SMARCA4-DTS who were treated with atezolizumab in combination with bevacizumab, paclitaxel and carboplatin (ABCP) as the first-line therapy. Immunohistopathological analysis revealed absent expression of SMARCA4 in all cases. The tumor mutational burden was over 11/Mb and mutations in SMARCA4 and TP53 were detected in all three cases. Partial response to ABCP treatment was observed in all three cases, with a progression-free survival of approximately 6 months or longer and a continuous response of 1 year or longer in one case. The first-line ABCP treatment demonstrated durable efficacy in SMARCA4-DTS regardless of the degree of PD-L1 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hayato Kawachi
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kei Kunimasa
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yoji Kukita
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Harumi Nakamura
- Laboratory of Genomic Pathology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Honma
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology & Cytology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takahisa Kawamura
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takako Inoue
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Motohiro Tamiya
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hanako Kuhara
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazumi Nishino
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yu Mizote
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hideaki Tahara
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery & Development, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Project Division of Cancer Biomolecular Therapy, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Toru Kumagai
- Department of Thoracic Oncology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Danescu A, Rens EG, Rehki J, Woo J, Akazawa T, Fu K, Edelstein-Keshet L, Richman JM. Symmetry and fluctuation of cell movements in neural crest-derived facial mesenchyme. Development 2021; 148:dev.193755. [PMID: 33757991 PMCID: PMC8126411 DOI: 10.1242/dev.193755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
In the face, symmetry is established when bilateral streams of neural crest cells leave the neural tube at the same time, follow identical migration routes and then give rise to the facial prominences. However, developmental instability exists, particularly surrounding the steps of lip fusion. The causes of instability are unknown but inability to cope with developmental fluctuations are a likely cause of congenital malformations, such as non-syndromic orofacial clefts. Here, we tracked cell movements over time in the frontonasal mass, which forms the facial midline and participates in lip fusion, using live-cell imaging of chick embryos. Our mathematical examination of cell velocity vectors uncovered temporal fluctuations in several parameters, including order/disorder, symmetry/asymmetry and divergence/convergence. We found that treatment with a Rho GTPase inhibitor completely disrupted the temporal fluctuations in all measures and blocked morphogenesis. Thus, we discovered that genetic control of symmetry extends to mesenchymal cell movements and that these movements are of the type that could be perturbed in asymmetrical malformations, such as non-syndromic cleft lip. This article has an associated ‘The people behind the papers’ interview. Highlighted Article: Live imaging of the chick embryo face followed by mathematical analysis of mesenchymal cell tracks captures novel fluctuations between states of order/disorder as well as symmetry/asymmetry, revealing developmental instabilities that are part of normal morphogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Adrian Danescu
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Elisabeth G Rens
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Jaspreet Rehki
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Johnathan Woo
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| | - Leah Edelstein-Keshet
- Department of Mathematics, University of British Columbia, 1986 Mathematics Road, Vancouver, V6T 1Z2, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute, 2350 Health Sciences Mall, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, V6T 1Z3, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Djuardi AUP, Yuliana ND, Ogawa M, Akazawa T, Suhartono MT. Emulsifying properties and antioxidant activity of soy protein isolate conjugated with tea polyphenol extracts. J Food Sci Technol 2020; 57:3591-3600. [PMID: 32903955 PMCID: PMC7447687 DOI: 10.1007/s13197-020-04391-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Functional properties of proteins, such as emulsification, foam formation and antioxidant activity, can be improved by conjugating the proteins with phenolic substances. We reported here changes in the structural, physicochemical and functional properties of Soy Protein Isolate (SPI) after conjugation with phenolic substances in the green tea and black tea extracts. Conjugation of SPI with tea extracts were conducted using alkaline treatment (pH 9.0) followed by air exposure. The results showed that conjugation of SPI increased the protein molecular size and decreased the protein hydrophobicity. The hydrophobic decreasing effect by the treatment was larger with the black tea extract than by green tea extract. SPI-tea polyphenol conjugates significantly (p < 0.05) increased the emulsifying ability of SPI up to 43% and the emulsifying stability of SPI up to 59%. SPI-tea polyphenol conjugates which was prepared using 0.75% (w/w SPI) green tea polyphenol extract showed the best emulsifying properties with strong repulsion forces between the droplets, smaller emulsion droplet size and lower polydispersity index of droplets size distribution. Although the conjugation product is still inferior to egg lecithin in emulsion stability, antioxidant activity of SPI was significantly (p < 0.05) improved in a concentration dependant manner. SPI-black tea polyphenol conjugates showed greater antioxidant activity than SPI-green tea polyphenol conjugate. The present study shows the feasibility and benefits of the use of SPI-tea polyphenol conjugates as a food emulsifier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anwika Utami Putri Djuardi
- Food Science Study Program, Graduate School of Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia
| | - Nancy Dewi Yuliana
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Kagawa University, 2393, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Kagawa University, 2393, Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Maggy Thenawidjaja Suhartono
- Department of Food Science and Technology, Faculty of Agricultural Technology, Bogor Agricultural University, Bogor, West Java 16680 Indonesia
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Ohashi T, Terasawa K, Aoki M, Akazawa T, Shibata H, Kuze B, Asano T, Kato H, Miyazaki T, Matsuo M, Inoue N, Ito Y. The importance of FDG-PET/CT parameters for the assessment of the immune status in advanced HNSCC. Auris Nasus Larynx 2020; 47:658-667. [PMID: 32089351 DOI: 10.1016/j.anl.2020.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Cancer cells secrete large amounts of lactic acid via aerobic glycolysis. We have shown that lactic acid plays an important role as a proinflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator and promotes tumor progression. Fluorine-18 fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) uptake detected by positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) is considered as a good indicator of aerobic glycolysis in cancer. In this study, we examined the relationships between systemic inflammatory parameters and FDG-PET/CT parameters in advanced head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Furthermore, we investigated the relationships between FDG-PET/CT parameters and M2-macrophage polarization in HNSCC by assessing the ratio of CD163, a M2-macrophage marker, to CD68, a pan-macrophage marker. METHODS This study included 73 advanced HNSCC patients. We assessed the C-reactive protein (CRP) level, white blood cell (WBC) count, neutrophil count, lymphocyte count, and monocyte count as systemic inflammatory markers. Additionally, we assessed the maximum standardized uptake value (SUVmax), mean SUV (SUVmean), metabolic tumor volume (MTV), and total lesion glycolysis (TLG) as FDG-PET/CT parameters. RESULTS The CRP level, WBC count, and neutrophil count were correlated with whole-body FDG-PET/CT parameters. The CD163/CD68 ratio was correlated with SUVmax and SUVmean. Our results suggest that systemic inflammation, which is associated with neutrophils, develops in patients with HNSCC having tumors with a larger volume and increased glucose uptake and that M2-macrophage polarization is promoted in HNSCC with increased glucose uptake, SUVmax, and SUVmean. FDG-PET/CT has the potential to reflect cancer-related chronic inflammation and immunosuppressive conditions in cancer patients. CONCLUSIONS FDG-PET/CT parameters appear to be useful in assessing the immune status in HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Ohashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan.
| | - Kousuke Terasawa
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aoki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Shibata
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Bunya Kuze
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| | - Takahiko Asano
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kato
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | | | - Masayuki Matsuo
- Department of Radiology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, 3-1-69 Otemae, Chuo-ku, Osaka 541-8567, Japan; Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, 811-1 Kimiidera, Wakayama 641-8509, Japan.
| | - Yatsuji Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Yanagido, Gifu, Gifu 501-1194, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Akazawa T, Ogawa M, Hayakawa S. Migration of chicken egg-white protein ovalbumin-related protein X and its alteration in heparin-binding affinity during embryogenesis of fertilized egg. Poult Sci 2019; 98:5100-5108. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pez335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/26/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Gignac SJ, Hosseini-Farahabadi S, Akazawa T, Schuck NJ, Fu K, Richman JM. Robinow syndrome skeletal phenotypes caused by the WNT5AC83S variant are due to dominant interference with chondrogenesis. Hum Mol Genet 2019; 28:2395-2414. [PMID: 31032853 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddz071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2019] [Accepted: 03/28/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Heterozygous missense mutations in several genes in the WNT5A signaling pathway cause autosomal dominant Robinow syndrome 1 (DRS1). Our objective was to clarify the functional impact of a missense mutation in WNT5A on the skeleton, one of the main affected tissues in RS. We delivered avian replication competent retroviruses (RCAS) containing human wild-type WNT5A (wtWNT5A), WNT5AC83S variant or GFP/AlkPO4 control genes to the chicken embryo limb. Strikingly, WNT5AC83S consistently caused a delay in ossification and bones were more than 50% shorter and 200% wider than controls. In contrast, bone dimensions in wtWNT5A limbs were slightly affected (20% shorter, 25% wider) but ossification occurred on schedule. The dysmorphology of bones was established during cartilage differentiation. Instead of stereotypical stacking of chondrocytes, the WNT5AC83S-infected cartilage was composed of randomly oriented chondrocytes and that had diffuse, rather than concentrated Prickle staining, both signs of disrupted planar cell polarity (PCP) mechanisms. Biochemical assays revealed that C83S variant was able to activate the Jun N-terminal kinase-PCP pathway similar to wtWNT5A; however, the activity of the variant ligand was influenced by receptor availability. Unexpectedly, the C83S change caused a reduction in the amount of protein being synthesized and secreted, compared to wtWNT5A. Thus, in the chicken and human, RS phenotypes are produced from the C83S mutation, even though the variant protein is less abundant than wtWNT5A. We conclude the variant protein has dominant-negative effects on chondrogenesis leading to limb abnormalities.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Gignac
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Sara Hosseini-Farahabadi
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Nathan J Schuck
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Katherine Fu
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| | - Joy M Richman
- Life Sciences Institute and Faculty of Dentistry, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Morishima T, Miyashiro I, Inoue N, Kitasaka M, Akazawa T, Higeno A, Idota A, Sato A, Ohira T, Sakon M, Matsuura N. Effects of laughter therapy on quality of life in patients with cancer: An open-label, randomized controlled trial. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0219065. [PMID: 31247017 PMCID: PMC6597115 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0219065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Few randomized controlled trials have assessed the effects of laughter therapy on health-related quality of life (QOL) in cancer patients. This study aimed to evaluate these effects as an exploratory endpoint in cancer patients as part of a randomized controlled trial conducted at a single institution in Japan. Methods The Initiative On Smile And CAncer (iOSACA) study was an open-label randomized controlled trial conducted in 2017 in which participants aged 40–64 years with cancer were randomly assigned to either an intervention group (laughter therapy) or control group (no laughter therapy). Each participant in the intervention group underwent a laughter therapy session once every two weeks for seven weeks (total of four sessions). Each session involved a laughter yoga routine followed by Rakugo or Manzai traditional Japanese verbal comedy performances. We assessed QOL as a secondary endpoint in this intention-to-treat population using the European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer Quality of Life Questionnaire Core 30 (EORTC QLQ-C30). The questionnaire was completed at baseline (Week 0) and at Weeks 3 and 7. Mixed-effects models for repeated measures were developed to compare time-dependent changes in each QOL domain from baseline between the intervention and control groups. Results Four participants retracted consent and one participant was retrospectively excluded from analysis due to unmet inclusion criteria. The analysis was conducted using 56 participants, with 26 in the intervention group and 30 in the control group. Questionnaire completion rates were high (>90%), with similar QOL scores reported at baseline in both groups. The mixed-effects models showed that the intervention group had significantly better cognitive function and less pain than the control group for a short period. Conclusion Laughter therapy may represent a beneficial, noninvasive complementary intervention in the clinical setting. Further studies are needed to verify the hypotheses generated from this exploratory study.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshitaka Morishima
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Isao Miyashiro
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Wakayama Medical University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mitsuko Kitasaka
- Department of Nursing Services, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Cancer Drug Discovery and Development, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akemi Higeno
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Atsushi Idota
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Akira Sato
- Cancer Control Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ohira
- Department of Epidemiology, Fukushima Medical University, Fukushima, Japan
| | - Masato Sakon
- Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Arsyad MA, Akazawa T, Ogawa M. Effects of Olive Leaf Powder on Mechanical Properties of Heat-Induced Surimi Gel. Journal of Aquatic Food Product Technology 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/10498850.2018.1559904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Muh Ali Arsyad
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University Affiliated to Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Fisheries Processing Technology, Pangkep State of Agriculture Polytechnic, Pangkep, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University Affiliated to Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Ehime University Affiliated to Kagawa University, Kita-gun, Kagawa, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Arsyad MA, Akazawa T, Nozaki C, Yoshida M, Oyama K, Mukai T, Ogawa M. Effects of olive leaf powder supplemented to fish feed on muscle protein of red sea bream. Fish Physiol Biochem 2018; 44:1299-1308. [PMID: 29790092 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/10/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Olive leaf is known to have the high polyphenol content of 6-9% in dry weight. We investigated the effects of olive leaf powder (OLP) supplemented to fish feed on muscle protein of red sea bream (Pagrus major). Fish reared with feed containing 8% OLP for 40 days had 1.4 times higher myofibril content and 2.2 times higher acid-soluble collagen content than fish reared with control feed for the same period. On the other hand, sarcoplasmic protein content and collagenase activity of the muscle were almost the same between the control fish and OLP-diet fish. Microstructure observation of fish muscle showed that OLP-diet fish has more rigid endomysium structure than that of the control-diet fish. Since collagen fiber in endomysium is responsible for the texture of the muscle, feeding OLP to aquaculture fish will lead to a harder muscle texture. The present study suggests that OLP is a useful feed additive to enhance the texture of aquaculture red sea bream muscle through strengthening of the collagen structure in the muscle.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Muh Ali Arsyad
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University Affiliated to Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
- Pangkep State of Agriculture Polytechnic, Jalan Poros Makassar-Pare Km. 83, Kabupaten Pangkep, Sulawesi Selatan, Indonesia
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Applied Bioresource Science, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Ehime University Affiliated to Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Chie Nozaki
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan
| | - Makoto Yoshida
- Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 75-5 Yashima higashi machi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0111, Japan
| | - Kenichi Oyama
- Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 75-5 Yashima higashi machi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0111, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Mukai
- Kagawa Prefectural Fisheries Experimental Station, 75-5 Yashima higashi machi, Takamatsu, Kagawa, 761-0111, Japan
| | - Masahiro Ogawa
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagawa University, 2393 Ikenobe, Miki-cho, Kita-gun, Kagawa, 761-0795, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Akazawa T, Ogawa M, Hayakawa S, Hirata M, Niwa T. Structural change of ovalbumin-related protein X by alkali treatment. Poult Sci 2018; 97:1730-1737. [DOI: 10.3382/ps/pey024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
|
19
|
Akazawa T, Ohashi T, Wijewardana V, Sugiura K, Inoue N. Development of a vaccine based on bacteria-mimicking tumor cells coated with novel engineered toll-like receptor 2 ligands. Cancer Sci 2018; 109:1319-1329. [PMID: 29575556 PMCID: PMC5980365 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2017] [Revised: 03/07/2018] [Accepted: 03/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
For a successful tumor vaccine, it is necessary to develop effective immuno-adjuvants and identify specific tumor antigens. Tumor cells obtained from surgical or biopsy tissues are a good source of tumor antigens but, unlike bacteria, they do not induce strong immune responses. Here, we designed 2 novel lipopeptides that coat tumor cell surfaces and mimic bacterial components. Tumor cells coated with these lipopeptides (called bacteria-mimicking tumor cells [BMTC]) were prepared and their efficacy as a tumor vaccine examined. Natural bacterial lipopeptides act as ligands for toll-like receptor 2 (TLR2) and activate dendritic cells (DC). To increase the affinity of the developed lipopeptides for the negatively charged plasma membrane, a cationic polypeptide was connected to Pam2Cys (P2C), which is the basic structure of the TLR2 ligand. This increased the non-specific binding affinity of the peptides for the cell surface. Two such lipopeptides, P2CSK11 (containing 1 serine and 11 lysine residues) and P2CSR11 (containing 1 serine and 11 arginine residues) bound to irradiated tumor cells via the long cationic polypeptides more efficiently than the natural lipopeptide MALP2 (P2C-GNNDESNISFKEK) or a synthetic lipopeptide P2CSK4 (a short cationic polypeptide containing 1 serine and 4 lysines). BMTC coated with P2CSR11 or P2CSK11 were efficiently phagocytosed by DC and induced antigen cross-presentation in vitro. They also induced effective tumor-specific cytotoxic T cell responses and inhibited tumor growth in in vivo mouse models. P2CSR11 activated DC but induced less inflammation-inducing cytokines/interferons than other lipopeptides. Thus, P2CSR11 is a strong candidate antigen-specific immuno-adjuvant, with few adverse effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Toshimitsu Ohashi
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan.,Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu City, Japan
| | - Viskam Wijewardana
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano, Osaka, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Center, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Kojima-Kita K, Kuramochi-Miyagawa S, Nagamori I, Ogonuki N, Ogura A, Hasuwa H, Akazawa T, Inoue N, Nakano T. MIWI2 as an Effector of DNA Methylation and Gene Silencing in Embryonic Male Germ Cells. Cell Rep 2017; 16:2819-2828. [PMID: 27626653 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2016.08.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2015] [Revised: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 08/08/2016] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
During the development of mammalian embryonic germ cells, global demethylation and de novo DNA methylation take place. In mouse embryonic germ cells, two PIWI family proteins, MILI and MIWI2, are essential for the de novo DNA methylation of retrotransposons, presumably through PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). Although piRNA-associated MIWI2 has been reported to play critical roles in the process, its molecular mechanisms have remained unclear. To identify the mechanism, transgenic mice were produced; they contained a fusion protein of MIWI2 and a zinc finger (ZF) that recognized the promoter region of a type A LINE-1 gene. The ZF-MIWI2 fusion protein brought about DNA methylation, suppression of the type A LINE-1 gene, and a partial rescue of the impaired spermatogenesis of MILI-null mice. In addition, ZF-MIWI2 was associated with the proteins involved in DNA methylation. These data indicate that MIWI2 functions as an effector of de novo DNA methylation of the retrotransposon.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kanako Kojima-Kita
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Satomi Kuramochi-Miyagawa
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency
| | - Ippei Nagamori
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Narumi Ogonuki
- RIKEN BioResources Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Atsuo Ogura
- RIKEN BioResources Center, Tsukuba 305-0074, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Hasuwa
- Department of Experimental Genome Research, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases, 3-1 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-2 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-0025, Japan
| | - Toru Nakano
- Department of Pathology, Medical School, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, 2-2 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan; CREST, Japan Science and Technology Agency.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Ohashi T, Aoki M, Tomita H, Akazawa T, Sato K, Kuze B, Mizuta K, Hara A, Nagaoka H, Inoue N, Ito Y. M2-like macrophage polarization in high lactic acid-producing head and neck cancer. Cancer Sci 2017; 108:1128-1134. [PMID: 28370718 PMCID: PMC5480089 DOI: 10.1111/cas.13244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Reprogramming of glucose metabolism in tumor cells is referred to as the Warburg effect and results in increased lactic acid secretion into the tumor microenvironment. We have previously shown that lactic acid has important roles as a pro‐inflammatory and immunosuppressive mediator and promotes tumor progression. In this study, we examined the relationship between the lactic acid concentration and expression of LDHA and GLUT1, which are related to the Warburg effect, in human head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC). Tumors expressing lower levels of LDHA and GLUT1 had a higher concentration of lactic acid than those with higher LDHA and GLUT1 expression. Lactic acid also suppressed the expression of LDHA and GLUT1 in vitro. We previously reported that lactic acid enhances expression of an M2 macrophage marker, ARG1, in murine macrophages. Therefore, we investigated the relationship between the lactic acid concentration and polarization of M2 macrophages in HNSCC by measuring the expression of M2 macrophage markers, CSF1R and CD163, normalized using a pan‐macrophage marker, CD68. Tumors with lower levels of CD68 showed a higher concentration of lactic acid, whereas those with higher levels of CSF1R showed a significantly higher concentration of lactic acid. A similar tendency was observed for CD163. These results suggest that tumor‐secreted lactic acid is linked to the reduction of macrophages in tumors and promotes induction of M2‐like macrophage polarization in human HNSCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Ohashi
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Aoki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Tomita
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Katsuya Sato
- Department of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Bunya Kuze
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Keisuke Mizuta
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Akira Hara
- Department of Tumor Pathology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Nagaoka
- Department of Molecular Pathobiochemistry, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Inoue
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Osaka International Cancer Institute, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yatsuji Ito
- Department of Otolaryngology, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Murata M, Kusano K, Shakya M, Nagayasu H, Kabir A, Akazawa T. Histological evidences of dentin autograft for bone regeneration. Int J Oral Maxillofac Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijom.2017.02.351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
|
23
|
Akazawa T, Sugiura K, Inaba T, Inoue N. Application of CR4-targeting antitumor immunoadjuvant for an advanced dendritic cell therapy. Immunobiology 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2016.06.180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
24
|
Takemura R, Takaki H, Okada S, Shime H, Akazawa T, Oshiumi H, Matsumoto M, Teshima T, Seya T. PolyI:C-Induced, TLR3/RIP3-Dependent Necroptosis Backs Up Immune Effector-Mediated Tumor Elimination In Vivo. Cancer Immunol Res 2015; 3:902-14. [PMID: 25898986 DOI: 10.1158/2326-6066.cir-14-0219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Accepted: 04/07/2015] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Double-stranded RNA directly acts on fibroblast and myeloid lineages to induce necroptosis as in TNFα. Here, we investigated whether this type of cell death occurred in cancer cells in response to polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (polyI:C) and the pan-caspase inhibitor z-Val-Ala-Asp fluromethyl ketone (zVAD). We found that the colon cancer cell line CT26 is highly susceptible to necroptosis, as revealed by staining with annexin V/propidium iodide. CT26 cells possess RNA sensors, TLR3 and MDA5, which are upregulated by interferon (IFN)-inducing pathways and linked to receptor-interacting protein kinase (RIP) 1/3 activation via TICAM-1 or MAVS adaptor, respectively. Although exogenously added polyI:C alone marginally induced necroptosis in CT26 cells, a combined regimen of polyI:C and zVAD induced approximately 50% CT26 necroptosis in vitro without secondary effects of TNFα or type I IFNs. CT26 necroptosis depended on the TLR3-TICAM-1-RIP3 axis in the tumor cells to produce reactive oxygen species, but not on MDA5, MAVS, or the caspases/inflammasome activation. However, the RNA-derived necroptosis was barely reproduced in vivo in a CT26 tumor-implanted Balb/c mouse model with administration of polyI:C + zVAD. Significant shrinkage of CT26 tumors was revealed only when polyI:C (100 μg) was injected intraperitoneally and zVAD (1 mg) subcutaneously into tumor-bearing mice that were depleted of cytotoxic T lymphocytes and natural killer cells. The results were confirmed with immune-compromised mice with no lymphocytes. Although necroptosis-induced tumor growth retardation appears mechanistically complicated and dependent on the injection routes of polyI:C and zVAD, anti-caspase reagent directed to tumor cells will make RNA adjuvant immunotherapy more effective by modulating the formation of the tumoricidal microenvironment and dendritic cell-inducing antitumor immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ryo Takemura
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan. Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Hiromi Takaki
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Seiji Okada
- Division of Hematopoiesis, Center for AIDS Research, Kumamoto University, Kumamoto, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Tumor Immunology, Research Institute, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Oshiumi
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Takanori Teshima
- Department of Hematology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Minamikawa T, Akazawa T, Uritani I. Two Glucosides of Coumarin Derivatives in Sweet Potato Roots Infected byCeratocystis Fimbriata. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/00021369.1964.10858231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
|
26
|
Akazawa T, Ohashi T, Nakajima H, Nishizawa Y, Kodama K, Sugiura K, Inaba T, Inoue N. Development of a dendritic cell-targeting lipopeptide as an immunoadjuvant that inhibits tumor growth without inducing local inflammation. Int J Cancer 2014; 135:2847-56. [PMID: 24789268 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2014] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Materials used for the past 30 years as immunoadjuvants induce suboptimal antitumor immune responses and often cause undesirable local inflammation. Some bacterial lipopeptides that act as Toll-like receptor (TLR) 2 ligands activate immune cells as immunoadjuvants and induce antitumor effects. Here, we developed a new dendritic cell (DC)-targeting lipopeptide, h11c (P2C-ATPEDNGRSFS), which uses the CD11c-binding sequence of intracellular adhesion molecule-1 to selectively and efficiently activate DCs but not other immune cells. Although the h11c lipopeptide activated DCs similarly to an artificial lipopeptide, P2C-SKKKK (P2CSK4), via TLR2 in vitro, h11c induced more effective tumor inhibition than P2CSK4 at low doses in vivo with tumor antigens. Even without tumor antigens, h11c lipopeptide significantly inhibited tumor growth and induced tumor-specific cytotoxic T cells. P2CSK4 was retained subcutaneously at the vaccination site and induced severe local inflammation in in vivo experiments. In contrast, h11c was not retained at the vaccination site and was transported into the tumor within 24 hr. The recruitment of DCs into the tumor was induced by h11c more effectively, while P2CSK4 induced the accumulation of neutrophils leading to severe inflammation at the vaccination site. Because CD11b+ cells, but not CD11c+ cells, produced neutrophil chemotactic factors such as macrophage inflammatory protein (MIP)-2 in response to stimulation with TLR2 ligands, the DC-targeting lipopeptide h11c induced less MIP-2 production by splenocytes than P2CSK4. In this study, we succeeded in developing a novel immunoadjuvant, h11c, which effectively induces antitumor activity without adverse effects such as local inflammation via the selective activation of DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Wijewardana V, Sugiura K, Yahata M, Akazawa T, Wijesekera DPH, Imamoto S, Hatoya S, Inoue N, Inaba T. Production of canine soluble CD40 ligand to induce maturation of monocyte derived dendritic cells for cancer immunotherapy. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2013; 156:121-7. [PMID: 24144681 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2013.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 09/23/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CD40 ligand (CD40L) expressed by activated T cells is shown to induce maturation of immature dendritic cells (DCs) and this maturation is a vital part in DC based tumor immunotherapy. We constructed an expression vector by cloning the extracellular domain of canine CD40L fused to the signal sequence of canine IL-12p40. When PBMCs were incubated with canine granulocyte-macrophage (GM) -CSF and IL-4, expression of CD86 was significantly elevated, but the majority of cells displayed the morphology of immature DCs. Following addition of the expressed canine soluble CD40L (csCD40L) to the DC-inducing culture, the cell morphology shifted to that of mature DCs, and expression of CD80, CD86, MHC class II and CD1a was significantly enhanced. This morphological change and enhancement of expression was observed even when the csCD40L was present only in the second half period of the culture. Furthermore, the csCD40L caused a significant increase in IL-12 production from DCs. These results show that the csCD40L significantly promotes the maturation and activation of canine monocyte derived DCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viskam Wijewardana
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, Izumisano City, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Ohashi T, Akazawa T, Aoki M, Kuze B, Mizuta K, Ito Y, Inoue N. Dichloroacetate improves immune dysfunction caused by tumor-secreted lactic acid and increases antitumor immunoreactivity. Int J Cancer 2013; 133:1107-18. [PMID: 23420584 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.28114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The activation of oncogenic signaling pathways induces the reprogramming of glucose metabolism in tumor cells and increases lactic acid secretion into the tumor microenvironment. This is a well-known characteristic of tumor cells, termed the Warburg effect, and is a candidate target for antitumor therapy. Previous reports show that lactic acid secreted by tumor cells is a proinflammatory mediator that activates the IL-23/IL-17 pathway, thereby inducing inflammation, angiogenesis and tissue remodeling. Here, we show that lactic acid, or more specifically the acidification it causes, increases arginase I (ARG1) expression in macrophages to inhibit T-cell proliferation and activation. Accordingly, we hypothesized that counteraction of the immune effects by lactic acid might suppress tumor development. We show that dichloroacetate (DCA), an inhibitor of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases, targets macrophages to suppress activation of the IL-23/IL-17 pathway and the expression of ARG1 by lactic acid. Furthermore, lactic acid-pretreated macrophages inhibited CD8+ T-cell proliferation, but CD8+ T-cell proliferation was restored when macrophages were pretreated with lactic acid and DCA. DCA treatment decreased ARG1 expression in tumor-infiltrating immune cells and increased the number of IFN-γ-producing CD8+ T cells and NK cells in tumor-bearing mouse spleen. Although DCA treatment alone did not suppress tumor growth, it increased antitumor immunotherapeutic activity of Poly(IC) in both CD8+ T cell- and NK cell-sensitive tumor models. Therefore, DCA acts not only on tumor cells to suppress glycolysis but also on immune cells to improve the immune status modulated by lactic acid and to increase the effectiveness of antitumor immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Toshimitsu Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
29
|
Inoue N, Ohashi T, Akazawa T. Effect of regulation of glycolysis on tumor inflammation and immune status. Immunobiology 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.imbio.2012.08.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
30
|
Sawahata R, Shime H, Yamazaki S, Inoue N, Akazawa T, Fujimoto Y, Fukase K, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Failure of mycoplasma lipoprotein MALP-2 to induce NK cell activation through dendritic cell TLR2. Microbes Infect 2011; 13:350-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.micinf.2010.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2010] [Revised: 11/15/2010] [Accepted: 12/09/2010] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
|
31
|
Yabu M, Shime H, Hara H, Saito T, Matsumoto M, Seya T, Akazawa T, Inoue N. IL-23-dependent and -independent enhancement pathways of IL-17A production by lactic acid. Int Immunol 2010; 23:29-41. [PMID: 21131367 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxq455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Interleukin-17A (IL-17A) is a cytokine produced by T(h)17 cells that plays an important role in inflammatory and autoimmune diseases and cancer. Stimulation with IL-6, transforming growth factor-β , IL-21, IL-1β and IL-23 is required for differentiation of T(h)17 cells and the production of IL-17A. Recently, we reported that tumor-derived lactic acid enhances the toll-like receptor (TLR) ligand-mediated expression of IL-23, leading to increased IL-17A production. Tumor cells secrete large amounts of lactic acid due to the up-regulation of glycolysis, which is known as the Warburg effect. Even without TLR ligand stimulation, lactic acid enhanced antigen-dependent IL-17A production from splenocytes in an IL-23-dependent manner. Here, we show that macrophages and effector/memory CD4(+) T cells are the primary cell types involved in the ability of lactic acid to boost IL-17A production. Although lactic acid suppressed the proliferation of T(h)1 and T(h)17 cells, T(h)17 cells still secreted large amounts of IL-17A. CD40 ligand-CD40 interactions were involved in the up-regulation of IL-17A by lactic acid through IL-12/23p40 production. A new cytokine containing the IL-12/23p40 subunit, but not IL-23, IL-12 or the IL-12p40 homodimer, is a candidate for involvement in the up-regulation of IL-17A. IL-1β also increased IL-17A expression; however, IL-1β, CARD9 and MyD88 signaling pathways activated by known intrinsic inflammatory mediators were hardly required for the enhanced activity induced by lactic acid. Our results show that lactic acid functions as an intrinsic inflammatory mediator that activates IL-23-dependent and -independent pathways, resulting in the promotion of chronic inflammation in tumor microenvironments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masahiko Yabu
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Osaka, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
32
|
Mito K, Sugiura K, Ueda K, Hori T, Akazawa T, Yamate J, Nakagawa H, Hatoya S, Inaba M, Inoue N, Ikehara S, Inaba T. IFNγ Markedly Cooperates with Intratumoral Dendritic Cell Vaccine in Dog Tumor Models. Cancer Res 2010; 70:7093-101. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-10-0600] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
|
33
|
Yamaguchi J, Nishimura M, Akazawa T. Maturation of catalase precursor proceeds to a different extent in glyoxysomes and leaf peroxisomes of pumpkin cotyledons. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2010; 81:4809-13. [PMID: 16593497 PMCID: PMC391580 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.81.15.4809] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
As an approach to study the mechanism of the microbody transition (glyoxysomes to leaf peroxisomes) in greening pumpkin cotyledons, catalase molecules were purified from the two different types of microbody and their structural properties were compared. The purified glyoxysomal catalase was found to consist of four identical subunits (55 kDa), whereas the leaf peroxisomal catalase contains two different forms of monomeric subunit (55 and 59 kDa). These different catalase species cross-reacted with the rabbit antibody raised against the glyoxysomal enzyme. During gel filtration on an Ultrogel AcA 34 column, the leaf peroxisomal 55-kDa polypeptide eluted slightly faster than the leaf peroxisomal 59-kDa polypeptide. The profile of catalase activities exactly paralleled the elution pattern of the 55-kDa molecules, which indicated that the 59-kDa polypeptide was enzymically inactive. Peptide mapping analysis using Staphylococcus aureus protease V8 showed that the glyoxysomal 55-kDa polypeptide was identical to the leaf peroxisomal 55-kDa species, whereas the leaf peroxisomal 59-kDa polypeptide had a different primary structure from the 55-kDa polypeptide. In an in vitro translation system directed by mRNA isolated from etiolated and green cotyledons, glyoxysomal and leaf peroxisomal catalases were synthesized as the identical 59-kDa polypeptide. From peptide mapping analysis, the in vitro-translated 59-kDa polypeptide was found to have a nearly identical primary structure to that of the leaf peroxisomal 59-kDa species. In vivo pulse-chase labeling experiments using etiolated cotyledons showed the conversion of the 59-kDa polypeptide to the 55-kDa molecular species. The overall results strongly indicate that the 59-kDa polypeptide is a precursor form of catalase in pumpkin cotyledons.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- J Yamaguchi
- Research Institute for Biochemical Regulation, School of Agriculture, Nagoya University, Chikusa, Nagoya 464, Japan
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Abstract
Many functional subdomains, including promyelocytic leukemia nuclear bodies (PML NBs), are formed in the mammalian nucleus. Various proteins are constitutively or transiently accumulated in PML NBs in a PML-dependent manner. MORC3 (microrchidia family CW-type zinc-finger 3), also known as NXP2, which consists of GHL-ATPase, a CW-type zinc-finger and coiled-coil domains, is localized in PML NBs, where it recruits and activates p53 to induce cellular senescence. Interestingly, we found that MORC3 can form PML-independent nuclear domains (NDs) in mouse hematopoietic cells and even in Pml-deficient cells. Here, we show that MORC3 colocalizes with PML by a two-step molecular mechanism: the PML-independent formation of MORC3 NDs by the ATPase cycle, and the association of MORC3 with PML via the SUMO1-SUMO-interacting motif (SIM). Similarly to other members of the GHL-ATPase family, MORC3 functions as a 'molecular clamp'. ATP binding induces conformational changes in MORC3, leading to the formation of MORC3 NDs, and subsequent ATP hydrolysis mediates the diffusion and binding of MORC3 to the nuclear matrix. MORC3 might clamp DNA or nucleosomes in MORC3 NDs via the CW domain. Furthermore, the SUMOylation of MORC3 at five sites was involved in the association of MORC3 with PML, and SUMO1-unmodified MORC3 formed NDs independently of PML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yasuhiro Mimura
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Akazawa T, Inoue N, Shime H, Kodama K, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Adjuvant engineering for cancer immunotherapy: Development of a synthetic TLR2 ligand with increased cell adhesion. Cancer Sci 2010; 101:1596-603. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2010.01583.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
|
36
|
Tanaka N, Yoshimura Y, Kawashita M, Uematsu T, Miyazaki C, Toma N, Hanada K, Nakanishi M, Naito T, Kikuchi T, Akazawa T. Through-Silicon via Interconnection for 3D Integration Using Room-Temperature Bonding. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009. [DOI: 10.1109/tadvp.2009.2027420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
37
|
Akao Y, Ebihara T, Masuda H, Saeki Y, Akazawa T, Hazeki K, Hazeki O, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Enhancement of antitumor natural killer cell activation by orally administered Spirulina extract in mice. Cancer Sci 2009; 100:1494-501. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1349-7006.2009.01188.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
|
38
|
Kodama K, Higashiyama M, Takami K, Oda K, Okami J, Maeda J, Akazawa T, Matsumoto M, Seya T, Wada M, Toyoshima K. Innate immune therapy with a Bacillus Calmette-Guérin cell wall skeleton after radical surgery for non-small cell lung cancer: a case-control study. Surg Today 2009; 39:194-200. [PMID: 19280277 DOI: 10.1007/s00595-008-3826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2008] [Accepted: 05/22/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE We investigated whether adjuvant immunotherapy with Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) cell wall skeleton (CWS) and surgical resection was better than resection, with or without other adjuvant therapy, for patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). METHODS The case group comprised 71 patients who underwent radical surgery for NSCLC, followed by BCG-CWS immunotherapy, with follow-up data available. The case-control study was designed with one control selected for each case-group patient. Each control was matched by pathological stage and year of birth (+/-5 years). BCG-CWS 200 microg was inoculated intracutaneously in the upper arm four times per week (sensitization phase); then at 4-week intervals (therapeutic phase). RESULTS The case-group patients received 45 +/- 22.6 (average +/- SD) cycles of BCG-CWS inoculation. Overall 5-year and 10-year survival rates were 71% and 61% for the case-group patients, and 63% and 43% for the control-group patients. The survival rate of the case group was better than that of the control group (not significant; P = 0.114). The same trend was seen in the patients with stage III or N+ NSCLC (not significant; P = 0.114, P = 0.168). There were no life-threatening adverse events. CONCLUSIONS BCG-CWS immunotherapy seemed to improve survival after resection of NSCLC, especially locally advanced NSCLC. Moreover, this immunotherapy did not compromise quality of life during treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ken Kodama
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, 1-3-3 Nakamichi, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, 537-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
39
|
Sugiura K, Akazawa T, Fujimoto M, Wijewardana V, Mito K, Hatoya S, Taketani S, Komori M, Inoue N, Inaba T. Construction of an expression vector for improved secretion of canine IL-18. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2008; 126:388-91. [PMID: 18775571 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2008.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2008] [Revised: 07/08/2008] [Accepted: 07/24/2008] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
To construct a vector for caspase-1 independent expression of canine IL-18, the signal sequence of canine IL-12p40 was fused to the sequence of mature IL-18 on the NdeI restriction site which is located at the 3' end of the signal sequence. The resulting vector expressed coding protein from transfected mammalian cells. The expressed protein was shown to have IL-18 bioactivity in a INF-gamma-inducing assay. These results suggest that the expression vector is the desired tool for advancement of dendritic cell (DC)-based cancer therapy, provided that the vector can successfully be transfected into dendritic cells. We propose a simple and widely applicable method for providing the signal sequence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kikuya Sugiura
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
40
|
Shime H, Yabu M, Akazawa T, Kodama K, Matsumoto M, Seya T, Inoue N. Tumor-secreted lactic acid promotes IL-23/IL-17 proinflammatory pathway. J Immunol 2008; 180:7175-83. [PMID: 18490716 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.180.11.7175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 192] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
IL-23 is a proinflammatory cytokine consisting of a p19 subunit and a p40 subunit that is shared with IL-12. IL-23 is overexpressed in and around tumor tissues, where it induces local inflammation and promotes tumor development. Many tumor cells produce large amounts of lactic acid by altering their glucose metabolism. In this study, we show that lactic acid secreted by tumor cells enhances the transcription of IL-23p19 and IL-23 production in monocytes/macrophages and in tumor-infiltrating immune cells that are stimulated with TLR2 and 4 ligands. DNA elements responsible for this enhancing activity of lactic acid were detected in a 2.7-kb 5'-flanking region of the human IL-23p19 gene. The effect of lactic acid was strictly regulated by extracellular pH. Furthermore, by inducing IL-23 overproduction, lactic acid facilitated the Ag-dependent secretion of proinflammatory cytokine IL-17 but not IFN-gamma by TLR ligand-stimulated mouse splenocytes. Interestingly, this effect was observed even in the absence of TLR ligand stimulation. These results suggest that rather than just being a terminal metabolite, lactic acid is a proinflammatory mediator that is secreted by tumor cells to activate the IL-23/IL-17 proinflammatory pathway but not the Th1 pathway. Targeting the lactic acid-induced proinflammatory response may be a useful approach for treating cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Shime
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
41
|
Ebihara T, Masuda H, Akazawa T, Shingai M, Kikuta H, Ariga T, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Induction of NKG2D ligands on human dendritic cells by TLR ligand stimulation and RNA virus infection. Int Immunol 2007; 19:1145-55. [PMID: 17878262 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxm073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocyte-derived dendritic cells (mDCs) and NK cells are reciprocally activate via cytokines and cell-cell contact. Although seven human NKG2D ligands (NKG2DLs), UL16-binding proteins (ULBP) 1, 2, 3 and 4, retinoic acid early transcript 1G (RAET1G) and MHC class I-related chains A and B, have been reported, the differential distribution and roles of these ligands in the maturation of human mDCs have not been elucidated. In the present study, we produced polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) directed against human ULBP1, 2 and 3. All these ULBPs were detected on human mDCs when probed by the pAbs, although their expression profiles were different. We next investigated what kinds of Toll-like receptor agonists and RNA viruses [influenza virus, human respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), measles virus and hepatitis C virus (HCV)] induced the expression of NKG2DLs on mDCs. ULBP1 was up-regulated on mDCs in response to LPS or infection with RSV. The expression of ULBP2 was induced by LPS and poly I:C, indicating that the TIR-containing adapter molecule-1 (TIR domain-containing adaptor-inducing IFN) pathway is associated with ULBP2 induction. Although infection with HCV did not cause up-regulation of NKG2DLs, other RNA virus infections and poly I:C promoted expression of ULBP2 and RAET1G in an IFN-alpha/beta-independent manner. Finally, the over-expression of ULBP1 and 2 on mDCs facilitated NK cell proliferation and IFN-gamma production through a mDC-NK cell interaction in the presence of IL-2. Hence, the results reflect the important role of NKG2DLs on human mDCs in mDC-mediated NK cell activation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku, Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Akazawa T, Shingai M, Sasai M, Ebihara T, Inoue N, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Tumor immunotherapy using bone marrow-derived dendritic cells overexpressing Toll-like receptor adaptors. FEBS Lett 2007; 581:3334-40. [PMID: 17601575 DOI: 10.1016/j.febslet.2007.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2007] [Revised: 04/25/2007] [Accepted: 06/06/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) play an important role in the initiation of immune responses to cancer and infectious diseases. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) expressed on mDCs recognize microbial products to elicit signals for mDC maturation, including cytokine production, antigen-presentation and induction of effector cells. TLR agonists work as adjuvants to modulate the function of mDCs. In TLR signaling, MyD88 and TRIF/TICAM-1 are major TLR adaptor molecules, which when overexpressed are able to transduce downstream signals without TLR stimuli. We successfully introduced the adaptors into mouse bone marrow-derived mDCs using lentiviral vectors. Introduction of MyD88 into mDCs in vitro led to the production of IL-6 and IL-12p40 while introduction of TICAM-1 stimulated interferon (IFN)-alpha production. Expression of TICAM-1, but not MyD88, in mDCs slightly induced the co-stimulatory molecule CD86, while significant upregulation of CD86 was observed in response to other TLR stimuli. Both MyD88 and TICAM-1 augmented allogeneic mixed lymphocyte reaction (MLR). Ex vivo mouse spleen cells pre-exposed to tumor antigen exhibited antitumor cytotoxicity when incubated with MyD88- or TICAM-1-expressing mDCs. Using mDC adoptive transfer and a syngeneic mouse tumor implant model, we established an antitumor immunotherapy whereby tumor growth is retarded by adaptor-manipulated mDCs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Akazawa
- Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer, Nakamichi 1-3-2, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
43
|
Murata M, Akazawa T, Tazaki J, Ito K, Sasaki T, Yamamoto M, Tabata Y, Arisue M. Blood permeability of a novel ceramic scaffold for bone morphogenetic protein-2. J Biomed Mater Res B Appl Biomater 2007; 81:469-75. [PMID: 17034002 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.b.30686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
A functionally graded apatite (fg-HAp) with body fluid permeability was developed from bovine bone. The tissue reaction of fg-HAp and its efficacy as a scaffold for recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) were evaluated histomorphometrically, and a component of permeable fluid into the fg-HAp was analyzed by immunoblotting assay. The fg-HAp block (27 mm(3)) combined with and without BMP-2 (5 microg) was implanted subcutaneously in 4-week-old Wistar rats. Histological examination showed that the surface and bulk degradations of the fg-HAp proceeded extensively and giant cells appeared on the fg-HAp at 2 weeks. Body fluid permeation was found inside the fg-HAp, and the fluid component was immunopositive for albumin. In addition, albumin was detected as a main component among proteins collected from the in vivo implanted fg-HAp. The bioabsorption of the fg-HAp was accelerated as BMP-2-induced bone matured. Histomorphometrical analysis at 4 weeks in the BMP-2/fg-HAp implant showed 59.0% in the total volume of bone and marrow. These results indicate that fg-HAp is an innovative, bioabsorbable bioceramic with fluid permeability characteristic, and may become a biointegrated scaffold for bone engineering.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Murata
- Second Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Health Sciences University of Hokkaido, Kanazawa 1757 Tobetsu-Chou, Ishikari-Gun 061-0293, Japan.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Akazawa T, Ebihara T, Okuno M, Okuda Y, Shingai M, Tsujimura K, Takahashi T, Ikawa M, Okabe M, Inoue N, Okamoto-Tanaka M, Ishizaki H, Miyoshi J, Matsumoto M, Seya T. Antitumor NK activation induced by the Toll-like receptor 3-TICAM-1 (TRIF) pathway in myeloid dendritic cells. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2006; 104:252-7. [PMID: 17190817 PMCID: PMC1765444 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0605978104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 159] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Myeloid dendritic cells (mDCs) recognize and respond to polyI:C, an analog of dsRNA, by endosomal Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3 and cytoplasmic receptors. Natural killer (NK) cells are activated in vivo by the administration of polyI:C to mice and in vivo are reciprocally activated by mDCs, although the molecular mechanisms are as yet undetermined. Here, we show that the TLR adaptor TICAM-1 (TRIF) participates in mDC-derived antitumor NK activation. In a syngeneic mouse tumor implant model (C57BL/6 vs. B16 melanoma with low H-2 expresser), i.p. administration of polyI:C led to the retardation of tumor growth, an effect relied on by NK activation. This NK-dependent tumor regression did not occur in TICAM-1(-/-) or IFNAR(-/-) mice, whereas a normal NK antitumor response was induced in PKR(-/-), MyD88(-/-), IFN-beta(-/-), and wild-type mice. IFNAR was a prerequisite for the induction of IFN-alpha/beta and TLR3. The lack of TICAM-1 did not affect IFN production but resulted in unresponsiveness to IL-12 production, mDC maturation, and polyI:C-mediated NK-antitumor activity. This NK activation required NK-mDC contact but not IL-12 function in in vivo transwell analysis. Implanted tumor growth in IFNAR(-/-) mice was retarded by adoptively transferring polyI:C-treated TICACM-1-positive mDCs but not TICAM-1(-/-) mDCs. Thus, TICAM-1 in mDCs critically facilitated mDC-NK contact and activation of antitumor NK, resulting in the regression of low MHC-expressing tumors.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Takashi Ebihara
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Manabu Okuno
- Departments of *Immunology
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 631-0101, Japan
| | - Yu Okuda
- Departments of *Immunology
- Department of Molecular Immunology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology, Ikoma, Nara 631-0101, Japan
| | - Masashi Shingai
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Kunio Tsujimura
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; and
| | - Toshitada Takahashi
- Division of Immunology, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8681, Japan; and
| | - Masahito Ikawa
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Masaru Okabe
- Genome Information Research Center, Osaka University, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | | | - Miki Okamoto-Tanaka
- **Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer, Nakamichi 1-3-2, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Hiroyoshi Ishizaki
- **Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer, Nakamichi 1-3-2, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Jun Miyoshi
- **Molecular Biology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer, Nakamichi 1-3-2, Higashinari-ku, Osaka 537-8511, Japan
| | - Misako Matsumoto
- Departments of *Immunology
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
| | - Tsukasa Seya
- Departments of *Immunology
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Kita-15, Nishi-7, Kita-ku Sapporo 060-8638, Japan
- To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Wijewardana V, Sugiura K, Oichi T, Fujimoto M, Akazawa T, Hatoya S, Inaba M, Ikehara S, Jayaweera TSP, Inaba T. Generation of canine dendritic cells from peripheral blood monocytes without using purified cytokines. Vet Immunol Immunopathol 2006; 114:37-48. [PMID: 16904755 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetimm.2006.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2006] [Revised: 06/29/2006] [Accepted: 07/05/2006] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Dendritic cells (DCs), which differentiate in vitro from peripheral blood monocytes (PBMOs) or bone marrow precursors, are a promising candidate for immunotherapy against cancer. The dog, which suffers common types of cancers along with humans, make an ideal large animal model for cancer studies. Monocyte-derived DCs in the dog have not been well characterized, however, since the appropriate condition for in vitro differentiation has not been established. To tackle this problem, we have developed a conditioned media by culturing T cells with immobilized anti-canine CD3 antibody, and sought to induce differentiation of DCs from PBMOs. When purified CD14+ PBMOs were cultured in the presence of 25% T cell conditioned medium (TCCM), the PBMOs increased size and had extended dendritic processes by day 12 of the culture. The cultured PBMOs were found to increase the expression of MHC class II and CD1a molecules, and significantly increased stimulatory activity for allogeneic T cells in the mixed leukocyte reaction. Moreover, the cells significantly increased their expression of IL-18 and IFN-gamma when stimulated with polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly (I:C)). The cells have a reduced phagocytic activity, which is a common defect in mature DCs. It follows from these results that TCCM does induce the differentiation of DCs from PBMOs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Viskam Wijewardana
- Department of Advanced Pathobiology, Graduate School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Osaka Prefecture University, 1-1 Gakuen-cho, Naka-ku, Sakai City, Osaka 599-8531, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
46
|
Yamazaki M, Akazawa T, Okawa A, Koda M. Usefulness of three-dimensional full-scale modeling of surgery for a giant cell tumor of the cervical spine. Spinal Cord 2006; 45:250-3. [PMID: 16835582 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Case report. OBJECTIVES To report a case with giant cell tumor (GCT) of C6 vertebra, in which three-dimensional (3-D) full-scale modeling of the cervical spine was useful for preoperative planning and intraoperative navigation. SETTING A university hospital in Japan. CASE REPORT A 27-year-old man with a GCT involving the C6 vertebra presented with severe neck pain. The C6 vertebra was collapsed and the tumor had infiltrated around both vertebral arteries (VAs). A single-stage operation combining anterior and posterior surgical procedures was scheduled to resect the tumor and stabilize the spine. To evaluate the anatomic structures within the surgical fields, we produced a 3-D full-scale model from the computed tomography angiography data. The 3-D full-scale model clearly showed the relationships between the destroyed C6 vertebra and the deviations in the courses of both VAs. Using the model, we were able to identify the anatomic landmarks around the VAs during anterior surgery and to successfully resect the tumor. During the posterior surgery, we were able to determine accurate starting points for the pedicle screws. Anterior iliac bone graft from C5 to C7 and posterior fixation with a rod and screw system from C4 to T2 were performed without any complications. Postoperatively, the patient experienced relief of his neck pain. CONCLUSION The 3-D full-scale model was useful for simultaneously evaluating the destruction of the vertebral bony structures and the deviations in the courses of the VAs during surgery for GCT involving the cervical spine.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M Yamazaki
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Chiba University Graduate School of Medicine, Chuo-ku, Chiba, Japan
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Seya T, Akazawa T, Tsujita T, Matsumoto M. Role of Toll-like receptors in adjuvant-augmented immune therapies. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med 2006; 3:31-8; discussion 133-7. [PMID: 16550221 PMCID: PMC1375233 DOI: 10.1093/ecam/nek010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2005] [Accepted: 12/26/2005] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Effective therapeutic vaccines contain two primary constituents, antigen and adjuvant. Adjuvants consisting of microbial pattern molecules play a central role in vaccination. Successful vaccine requires efficient induction of antibody (Ab), type I interferons (IFN), cytokines/chemokines, cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) and/or NK cells. Toll-like receptors (TLRs) in myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) essentially act as adjuvant receptors and sustain the molecular basis of adjuvant activity. Current consensus is that TLRs and their adapters introduce signals to preferentially induce IFN-α/β, chemokines and proinflammatory cytokines, and mature mDC to augment antigen presentation. Although most of these data were obtained with mice, the results are presumed to be adaptable to humans. Whenever TLR pathway is activated in mDC, NK and/or CTL activation is promoted. For induction of antigen-specific CTL toward phagocytosed material, cross-priming must be induced in mDC, which is also sustained by TLR signaling in mDC. Since the TLR responses vary with different adjuvants, mDC functions are skewed depending on adjuvant-specific direction of mDC maturation. It appears that the directed maturation of mDC largely relies on selection of appropriate sets of TLRs and their adapter signaling pathways. Synthetic chimera molecules consisting of TLR agonists and target antigens are found to be effective in induction of CTL to eliminate target cells in vivo. Here, we review the role of human TLRs and adapters in a variety of host immune responses. We will also describe the relevance of adjuvants in the manipulation of receptors and adapters in vaccine therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tsukasa Seya
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Nishi, Sapporo, Japan.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
48
|
Okahira S, Nishikawa F, Nishikawa S, Akazawa T, Seya T, Matsumoto M. Interferon-beta induction through toll-like receptor 3 depends on double-stranded RNA structure. DNA Cell Biol 2005; 24:614-23. [PMID: 16225392 DOI: 10.1089/dna.2005.24.614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I interferons (IFN-alpha/beta) play an essential role in both innate and adaptive antiviral immune responses. IFN- beta is produced by fibroblasts and myeloid dendritic cells (DCs) upon viral infection or in response to doublestranded RNA (dsRNA). Several intracellular molecules having a dsRNA-binding motif such as dsRNA-dependent protein kinase recognize dsRNA in a sequence-independent manner and induce antiviral innate responses. Toll-like receptor (TLR) 3, a member of TLR family proteins, recognizes extracellular dsRNA and activates NF- kappaB and the IFN-beta promoter leading to the induction of IFN-beta production. Here we analyzed the dsRNA structure capable of inducing TLR3-mediated IFN-beta production using various synthetic RNA duplexes. In contrast to the recognition of dsRNA by intracellular molecules, TLR3 preferentially recognizes polyriboinocinic:polyribocytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) rather than synthetic virus-derived dsRNAs. 2'-O-methyl or 2'-fluoro modification of cytidylic acid abolished the IFN-beta-inducing ability of the poly(I:C) duplex, and these modified dsRNAs inhibited poly(I:C)-induced TLR3-mediated IFN-beta production by fibroblasts and DCs. In addition, poly(dI:dC), a non-IFN inducer, also blocked poly(I:C)-induced IFN-beta induction. Since TLR3 is localized in the intracellular compartment of DCs where signaling occurs, modified dsRNAs may compete with poly(I:C) for binding to the cell-surface receptor that transfers dsRNA into TLR3-enriched vesicles. Thus, TLR3 recognizes a unique dsRNA structure that largely differs from those recognized by other dsRNA-binding proteins.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Satoyo Okahira
- Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Higashinari-ku, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Shingai M, Inoue N, Okuno T, Okabe M, Akazawa T, Miyamoto Y, Ayata M, Honda K, Kurita-Taniguchi M, Matsumoto M, Ogura H, Taniguchi T, Seya T. Wild-type measles virus infection in human CD46/CD150-transgenic mice: CD11c-positive dendritic cells establish systemic viral infection. J Immunol 2005; 175:3252-61. [PMID: 16116216 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.175.5.3252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
We generated transgenic (TG) mice that constitutively express human CD46 (huCD46) and/or TLR-inducible CD150 (huCD150), which serve as receptors for measles virus (MV). These mice were used to study the spreading and pathogenicity of GFP-expressing or intact laboratory-adapted Edmonston and wild-type Ichinose (IC) strains of MV. Irrespective of the route of administration, neither type of MV was pathogenic to these TG mice. However, in ex vivo, limited replication of IC was observed in the spleen lymphocytes from huCD46/huCD150 TG and huCD150 TG, but not in huCD46 TG and non-TG mice. In huCD150-positive TG mouse cells, CD11c-positive bone marrow-derived myeloid dendritic cells (mDC) participated in MV-mediated type I IFN induction. The level and induction profile of IFN-beta was higher in mDC than the profile of IFN-alpha. Wild-type IC induced markedly high levels of IFN-beta compared with Edmonston in mDC, as opposed to human dendritic cells. We then generated huCD46/huCD150 TG mice with type I IFN receptor (IFNAR1)-/- mice. MV-bearing mDCs spreading to draining lymph nodes were clearly observed in these triple mutant mice in vivo by i.p. MV injection. Infectious lymph nodes were also detected in the double TG mice into which MV-infected CD11c-positive mDCs were i.v. transferred. This finding suggests that in the double TG mouse model mDCs once infected facilitate systemic MV spreading and infection, which depend on mDC MV permissiveness determined by the level of type I IFN generated via IFNAR1. Although these results may not simply reflect human MV infection, the huCD150/huCD46 TG mice may serve as a useful model for the analysis of MV-dependent modulation of mDC response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Masashi Shingai
- Department of Immunology, Osaka Medical Center for Cancer and Cardiovascular Diseases, Osaka, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Uehori J, Fukase K, Akazawa T, Uematsu S, Akira S, Funami K, Shingai M, Matsumoto M, Azuma I, Toyoshima K, Kusumoto S, Seya T. Dendritic cell maturation induced by muramyl dipeptide (MDP) derivatives: monoacylated MDP confers TLR2/TLR4 activation. J Immunol 2005; 174:7096-103. [PMID: 15905553 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.174.11.7096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 80] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
6-O-acyl-muramyldipeptides (MDP) with various lengths of fatty acid chains were examined for their dendritic cell (DC) maturation activity expressed through TLRs. Judging from anti-TLR mAb/inhibitor-blocking analysis, MDP derivatives with a single octanoyl or stearoyl fatty acid chain were found to activate TLR2 and TLR4 on human DCs, although intact and diacylated MDP expressed no ability to activate TLRs. Human DC activation profiles by the monoacylated MDP were essentially similar to those by Calmette-Guerin (BCG)-cell wall skeleton (CWS) and BCG-peptidoglycan (PGN) based on their ability to up-regulate costimulators, HLA-DR, beta(2)-microglobulin, and allostimulatory MLR. Monoacylated MDP induced cytokines with similar profiles to BCG-CWS or -PGN, although their potency for induction of TNF-alpha, IL-12p40, and IL-6 was less than that of BCG-CWS or -PGN. The MDP derivatives initiated similar activation in normal mouse macrophages, but exhibited no effect on TLR2/4-deficient or MyD88-deficient mouse macrophages. Mutation of d-isoGln to l-isoGln in monoacylated MDP did not result in loss of the DC maturation activity, suggesting marginal participation of nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2, if any, in monoacyl MDP-dependent DC maturation. These results define the adjuvant activity of 6-O-acyl MDP compounds at the molecular level. They target TLR2/TLR4 and act through the MyD88-dependent pathway in DCs and macrophages. Hence, the unusual combined activation of TLR2 and TLR4 observed with Mycobacterium tuberculosis is in part reflected in the functional properties of monoacylated MDP compounds. These findings infer that the essential minimal requirement for TLR2/4-mediated adjuvancy of BCG lies within a modified MDP.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/analogs & derivatives
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/chemistry
- Acetylmuramyl-Alanyl-Isoglutamine/pharmacology
- Acylation
- Adaptor Proteins, Signal Transducing
- Animals
- Antigens, Differentiation/genetics
- Antigens, Differentiation/physiology
- Cell Differentiation/drug effects
- Cell Differentiation/immunology
- Cells, Cultured
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Dendritic Cells/cytology
- Dendritic Cells/immunology
- Dendritic Cells/metabolism
- Humans
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/drug effects
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/immunology
- Macrophages, Peritoneal/metabolism
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Mice, Transgenic
- Myeloid Differentiation Factor 88
- Receptors, Immunologic/agonists
- Receptors, Immunologic/deficiency
- Receptors, Immunologic/genetics
- Receptors, Immunologic/metabolism
- Receptors, Immunologic/physiology
- Toll-Like Receptor 2
- Toll-Like Receptor 4
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junji Uehori
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|