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Nakamura A, Akiba N, Hibino K, Kakuda H, Kawada K, Karasawa M, Sakai M, Sota T. Independent component analysis of hyperspectral data measured from overlapping latent fingermarks: Forensic potential of independent component images. Forensic Sci Int 2023; 343:111549. [PMID: 36634431 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2022.111549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 10/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Overlapping fingermark images are sometimes discarded because fingermark collation for the individual fingermarks is difficult. Fluorescence hyperspectral data (HSD) measured using the models of double overlapping fingermarks obtained under the excitation of a high-power, continuous wave, green laser is suitable for obtaining individual fingermark images. However, there are limitations such as the problems on each spectrum of the individual fingermark and the forensic value of the obtained images. In this study, independent component analysis (ICA) was applied to the fluorescence HSD obtained from the models of doubly overlapping fingermarks, to obtain independent component (IC) spectra and the corresponding IC images. Forensic value of the obtained IC images was examined, considering the possibility of fingermark collation in masked fashion to the model sample information. The IC images obtained from the HSD had enough potential to enable extracting twelve minutiae required for fingermark collation if the image quality was good.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Norimitsu Akiba
- Physics Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Kazuhito Hibino
- Identification Division, National Police Agency, Chiyoda, Tokyo 100-8974, Japan.
| | - Hidetoshi Kakuda
- Physics Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan.
| | - Karen Kawada
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Masashi Karasawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Mari Sakai
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Akiba N, Nakamura A, Sota T, Hibino K, Kakuda H, Aalders MCG. Separation of overlapping fingerprints by principal component analysis and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares analysis of hyperspectral imaging data. J Forensic Sci 2022; 67:1208-1214. [PMID: 34985132 DOI: 10.1111/1556-4029.14969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Overlapping fingerprints are often found at crime scenes, but only individual fingerprints separated from each other are admissible as evidence in court. Fingerprint components differ slightly among individuals, and thus their fluorescence spectra also differ from each other. Therefore, the separation of overlapping fingerprints using the difference of the fluorescence spectrum was performed with a hyperspectral imager. Hyperspectral data (HSD) of overlapping fingerprints were recorded under UV LED excitation. Principal component analysis (PCA) and multivariate curve resolution-alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) were applied to the HSD to determine the optimal method for obtaining high-contrast images of individual fingerprints. The results suggested that MCR-ALS combined with PCA-based initialization is capable of separating overlapping fingerprints into individual fingerprints. In this study, a method for separating overlapping fingerprints without initial parameters was proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norimitsu Akiba
- Physics Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhito Hibino
- Criminal Identification Division, National Police Agency, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hidetoshi Kakuda
- Physics Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba, Japan
| | - Maurice C G Aalders
- Department of Biomedical Engineering and Physics, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Christensen GB, Nagaoka T, Kiyohara Y, Johansson I, Ingvar C, Nakamura A, Sota T, Nielsen K. Clinical performance of a novel hyperspectral imaging device for cutaneous melanoma and pigmented skin lesions in Caucasian skin. Skin Res Technol 2021; 27:803-809. [PMID: 33651425 DOI: 10.1111/srt.13023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 01/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quest for diagnostic tools for the detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma (cMM) is ongoing. A challenge in cMM care is not overlooking cMM at an early stage, while simultaneously avoiding unnecessary biopsies or excisions of benign pigmented skin lesions (PSLs). A novel hyperspectral imaging (HSI) device is shown to have potential for differentiating equivocal PSLs in Asian skin types. Our objective was to assess the accuracy of the HSI device in distinguishing between cMM and benign PSLs in patients with Caucasian skin types. METHODS Patients with Caucasian skin types (Fitzpatrick I-II), enrolled for excisional biopsies of PSLs were included and examined using the HSI device. The discrimination index (DI) was used to demonstrate the sensitivity (SE) and specificity (SP) in comparison with the re-evaluated histopathology diagnoses. RESULTS In 186 patients, 202 pigmented skin lesions were included. The sensitivity to detect cMM was 96.7% (87/90), and the specificity for benign lesions was 42.1% (45/107). The AUC was 0.800 (95% confidence interval (CI): 0.740-0.861). CONCLUSIONS Our novel HSI device showed a high sensitivity in detecting malignant lesions in patients with Caucasian skin types. Compared with analogous technologies, as multispectral imaging or electrical impedance spectroscopy, our device showed similar or better accuracy in differentiating cMM from benign PSLs. Therefore, it might be a useful clinical tool in skin types I-IV and where further triage of pigmented skin lesions is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gustav Boelsgaard Christensen
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Takashi Nagaoka
- Department of Computational System Biology, Kindai University, Kinokawa, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiyohara
- Dermatology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Japan
| | - Iva Johansson
- Department of Pathology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Pathology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Christian Ingvar
- Department of Surgery, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Surgery, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Japan
| | - Kari Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Clinical Sciences Lund, Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.,Department of Dermatology, Helsingborg Hospital and Skane University Hospital, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
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Hirano G, Nemoto M, Kimura Y, Kiyohara Y, Koga H, Yamazaki N, Christensen G, Ingvar C, Nielsen K, Nakamura A, Sota T, Nagaoka T. Automatic diagnosis of melanoma using hyperspectral data and GoogLeNet. Skin Res Technol 2020; 26:891-897. [PMID: 32585082 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 05/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Melanoma is a type of superficial tumor. As advanced melanoma has a poor prognosis, early detection and therapy are essential to reduce melanoma-related deaths. To that end, there is a need to develop a quantitative method for diagnosing melanoma. This paper reports the development of such a diagnostic system using hyperspectral data (HSD) and a convolutional neural network, which is a type of machine learning. MATERIALS AND METHODS HSD were acquired using a hyperspectral imager, which is a type of spectrometer that can simultaneously capture information about wavelength and position. GoogLeNet pre-trained with Imagenet was used to model the convolutional neural network. As many CNNs (including GoogLeNet) have three input channels, the HSD (involving 84 channels) could not be input directly. For that reason, a "Mini Network" layer was added to reduce the number of channels from 84 to 3 just before the GoogLeNet input layer. In total, 619 lesions (including 278 melanoma lesions and 341 non-melanoma lesions) were used for training and evaluation of the network. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The system was evaluated by 5-fold cross-validation, and the results indicate sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy of 69.1%, 75.7%, and 72.7% without data augmentation, 72.3%, 81.2%, and 77.2% with data augmentation, respectively. In future work, it is intended to improve the Mini Network and to increase the number of lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ginji Hirano
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Mitsutaka Nemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
| | - Yoshio Kiyohara
- Division of Dermatology, Shizuoka Cancer Center, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Hospital, Nagano, Japan
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | | | | | - Kari Nielsen
- Department of Dermatology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaoka
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University, Wakayama, Japan
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Kato K, Nemoto M, Kimura Y, Kiyohara Y, Koga H, Yamazaki N, Christensen G, Ingvar C, Nielsen K, Nakamura A, Sota T, Nagaoka T. Performance Improvement of Automated Melanoma Diagnosis System by Data Augmentation. ABE 2020. [DOI: 10.14326/abe.9.62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kana Kato
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Mitsutaka Nemoto
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | - Yuichi Kimura
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
| | | | - Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Hospital
| | - Naoya Yamazaki
- Department of Dermatologic Oncology, National Cancer Center Hospital
| | | | | | | | - Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University
| | - Takashi Nagaoka
- Department of Biological System Engineering, Graduate School of Biology-Oriented Science and Technology, Kindai University
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Koga H, Yoshikawa S, Shinohara T, Le Gal FA, Cortés B, Saida T, Sota T. Long-term Follow-up of Longitudinal Melanonychia in Children and Adolescents Using an Objective Discrimination Index. Acta Derm Venereol 2016; 96:716-7. [PMID: 26806608 DOI: 10.2340/00015555-2349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University School of Medicine, 3-1-1 Asahi, Matsumoto 390-8621, Japan.
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Morooka Y, Yamazaki K, Yamada M, Miyamoto S, Sota T, Ishii Y, Hoya K, Ishida Y. Detection of germinoma cells in cerebrospinal fluid using Oct4 immunocytochemistry: a case report. Cytopathology 2016; 27:487-490. [PMID: 26919398 DOI: 10.1111/cyt.12318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y Morooka
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - K Yamazaki
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - M Yamada
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - S Miyamoto
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - T Sota
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Y Ishii
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - K Hoya
- Department of Neurosurgery, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
| | - Y Ishida
- Department of Surgical Pathology, Teikyo University, Chiba Medical Center, Ichihara, Japan
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Nakamura A, Okuda H, Nagaoka T, Akiba N, Kurosawa K, Kuroki K, Ichikawa F, Torao A, Sota T. Portable hyperspectral imager with continuous wave green laser for identification and detection of untreated latent fingerprints on walls. Forensic Sci Int 2015. [PMID: 26207675 DOI: 10.1016/j.forsciint.2015.06.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Untreated latent fingerprints are known to exhibit fluorescence under UV laser excitation. Previously, the hyperspectral imager (HSI) has been primarily evaluated in terms of its potential to enhance the sensitivity of latent fingerprint detection following treatment by conventional chemical methods in the forensic science field. In this study however, the potential usability of the HSI for the visualization and detection of untreated latent fingerprints by measuring their inherent fluorescence under continuous wave (CW) visible laser excitation was examined. Its potential to undertake spectral separation of overlapped fingerprints was also evaluated. The excitation wavelength dependence of fluorescent images was examined using an untreated palm print on a steel based wall, and it was found that green laser excitation is superior to blue and yellow lasers' excitation for the production of high contrast fluorescence images. In addition, a spectral separation method for overlapped fingerprints/palm prints on a plaster wall was proposed using new images converted by the division and subtraction of two single wavelength images constructed based on measured hyperspectral data (HSD). In practical tests, the relative isolation of two overlapped fingerprints/palm prints was successful in twelve out of seventeen cases. Only one fingerprint/palm print was extracted for an additional three cases. These results revealed that the feasibility of overlapped fingerprint/palm print spectral separation depends on the difference in the temporal degeneration of each fluorescence spectrum. The present results demonstrate that a combination of a portable HSI and CW green laser has considerable potential for the identification and detection of untreated latent fingerprints/palm prints on the walls under study, while the use of HSD makes it practically possible for doubly overlapped fingerprints/palm prints to be separated spectrally.
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Affiliation(s)
- Atsushi Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
| | - Hidekazu Okuda
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takashi Nagaoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Norimitsu Akiba
- Second Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kenji Kurosawa
- Second Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | - Kenro Kuroki
- Second Department of Forensic Science, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-0882, Japan
| | | | - Akira Torao
- JFE Techno-Research Corporation, Chuo, Chiba 260-0835, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan; Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Koyama T, Ito H, Kakishima S, Yoshimura J, Cooley JR, Simon C, Sota T. Geographic body size variation in the periodical cicadas Magicicada
: implications for life cycle divergence and local adaptation. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1270-7. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Revised: 02/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T. Koyama
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - H. Ito
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - S. Kakishima
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; Hamamatsu Japan
| | - J. Yoshimura
- Graduate School of Science and Technology; Shizuoka University; Hamamatsu Japan
- Department of Environmental and Forest Biology; College of Environmental Science and Forestry; State University of New York; Syracuse NY USA
- Marine Biosystems Research Center; Chiba University; Uchiura Kamogawa Chiba Japan
| | - J. R. Cooley
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT USA
| | - C. Simon
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology; University of Connecticut; Storrs CT USA
| | - T. Sota
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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Kyogoku D, Sota T. Exaggerated male genitalia intensify interspecific reproductive interference by damaging heterospecific female genitalia. J Evol Biol 2015; 28:1283-9. [PMID: 25882439 DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2015] [Revised: 03/20/2015] [Accepted: 04/13/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Male-male competition over fertilization can select for harmful male genital structures that reduce the fitness of their mates, if the structures increase the male's fertilization success. During secondary contact between two allopatrically formed, closely related species, harmful male genitalia may also reduce the fitness of heterospecific females given interspecific copulation. We performed a laboratory experiment to determine whether the extent of genital spine exaggeration in Callosobruchus chinensis males affects the fitness of C. maculatus females by injuring their reproductive organs. We found that males with more exaggerated genital spines were more likely to injure the females via interspecific copulation and that the genital injury translated into fecundity loss. Thus, as predicted, reproductive interference by C. chinensis males on C. maculatus females is mediated by exaggeration of the genital spine, which is the evolutionary consequence of intraspecific male-male competition. Harmful male traits, such as genital spines, might generally affect the extent of interaction between closely related species.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Kyogoku
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - T Sota
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
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Sota T, Wada T, Miyagi M, Tamaki A, Osaki M, Hagino H. The relationship of diaphragm thickening ratio and respiratory muscle strength in young healthy adults. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Nagaoka T, Nakamura A, Yamazaki T, Nakata Y, Endo K, Sakaguchi T, Kawata N, Sota T. Hyperspectroscopic imager for baby fibers. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2015; 2014:218-21. [PMID: 25569936 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2014.6943568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Hyperspectral imaging system for diagnosing digestive diseases was newly developed in order to obtain information on pathology beyond morphology of lesions. In order to guide light reflected from a lesion, a baby fiber, which can be inserted in a forceps channel of the electronic endoscope, was also developed. The performance of the system was evaluated by animal experiment. Obtained hyperspectral data were found to have sufficient quality endurable to practical use. Harmful phenomena to a living body were not observed within the experiment. It was considered from the animal experiment that the present system could be practically used for humans.
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Koga H, Yoshikawa S, Sekiguchi A, Fujii J, Saida T, Sota T. Automated evaluation system of dermoscopic images of longitudinal melanonychia: Proposition of a discrimination index for detecting early nail apparatus melanoma. J Dermatol 2014; 41:867-71. [DOI: 10.1111/1346-8138.12593] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 06/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Koga
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Shunji Yoshikawa
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo Japan
| | - Akihito Sekiguchi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo Japan
| | - Jyuzo Fujii
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiaki Saida
- Department of Dermatology; Shinshu University School of Medicine; Matsumoto Nagano Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience; Waseda University; Shinjuku Tokyo Japan
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14
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Nagaoka T, Kiyohara Y, Koga H, Nakamura A, Saida T, Sota T. Modification of a melanoma discrimination index derived from hyperspectral data: a clinical trial conducted in 2 centers between March 2011 and December 2013. Skin Res Technol 2014; 21:278-83. [PMID: 25131159 DOI: 10.1111/srt.12188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The morphology of pigmented skin lesions (PSLs) is predominantly a result of varying concentrations and distributions of pigmented molecules such as melanin and hemoglobin. Based on these differences and the fact that their information is contained in cutaneous spectra, a hyperspectral imager (HSI) for pigmented melanoma and a single discrimination index derived from the resultant hyperspectral data are proposed. OBJECTIVE To develop and evaluate a new discrimination index for melanomas, compared to the previous index. METHODS A HSI, which is convenient for both patients and clinicians, was newly developed and used in a clinical trial conducted in 2 centers with 80 patients with primary lesions and 17 volunteers between March 2011 and December 2013. There were 24 melanomas and 110 other PSLs. A previously proposed discrimination index was used without modifications. A new index, which emphasized the essential features of melanoma, was proposed, and its performance was examined. For each index, a threshold value was set to minimize the average value of the false positive and false negative fractions. The performances of both indices were compared. RESULTS The sensitivity and specificity of the old index were 75% and 97%, respectively, while those of the new index were 96% and 87%. CONCLUSION The new index had a higher sensitivity and adequate specificity, indicating that it is more useful than the old index.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagaoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Y Kiyohara
- Dermatology Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Hospital, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - H Koga
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - A Nakamura
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Saida
- Department of Dermatology, Shinshu University Hospital, Matsumoto, Nagano, Japan
| | - T Sota
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Fundamental electronic modulations in strained wurtzite III-nitride, in particular InxGa1−xN, quantum wells (QWs) were treated to explore the reason why practical InGaN devices emit bright luminescences in spite of the large threading dislocation (TD) density. The emission mechanisms were shown to vary depending on the well thickness L and InN molar fraction x. The electric field across the QW plane, F, which is a sum of the fields due to spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization and the pn junction field, causes the redshift of the ground state resonance energy through the quantum confined Stark effect (QCSE). The absorption spectrum is modulated by QCSE, quantum-confined Franz-Keldysh effect (QCFK), and Franz-Keldysh (FK) effect from the barrires when, for the first approximation, potential drop across the well (FL) exceeds the valence band discontinuity, EV. Under large FL, holes are confined in the triangular potential well formed at one side of the well. This produces apparent Stokes-like shift in addition to the in-plane net Stokes shift on the absorption spectrum. The QCFK and FK further modulate the electronic structure of the wells with L greater than the three dimensional (3D) free exciton (FE) Bohr radius, aB. When FL exceeds EC, both electron (e) and hole (h) confined levels drop into the triangular potential wells at opposite sides of the wells, which reduces the wavefunction overlap. Doping of Si in the barriers partially screens the F resulting in a smaller Stokes-like shift, shorter recombination decay time, and higher emission efficiency. Finally, the use of InGaN was found to overcome the field-induced oscillator strength lowering due to the spontaneous and piezoelectric polarization. Effective in-plane localization of the QW excitons (confined excitons, or quantized excitons) in quantum disk (Q-disk) size potential minima, which are produced by nonrandom alloy potential fluctuation enhanced by the large bowing parameter and F, produces confined e-h pairs whose wavefunctions are still overlapped when L<aB. Their Coulomb interaction is more pronounced for FL<EV.
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Okuda H, Yoshino K, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Sota T. Degree of polymerization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole-derived eumelanin from chemical degradation study. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:664-7. [PMID: 24750564 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2014] [Accepted: 04/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Eumelanin is a brown-black pigment comprising 5,6-dihydroxyindole (DHI) and its 2-carboxy derivative (DHICA), but the detailed structure of eumelanin is unclear. Chemical degradation is a powerful tool for analyzing melanin. H2 O2 oxidation degradation of eumelanin affords pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid (PTCA) and pyrrole-2,3-dicarboxylic acid (PDCA). The ratio of PDCA to PTCA provides information about the eumelanin structure. In this article, we propose simple equations on the basis of previous experimental results on dimer yields for evaluating the yields of PTCA and PDCA from any DHI oligomers. Assuming the chemical disorder model of DHI-melanin, we solve an equation where a theoretical expression for the ratio of PDCA to PTCA is set to the corresponding experimental value to obtain a plausible Poisson distribution of DHI oligomers. The results demonstrate that the main contributors to DHI-melanin are tetramers and pentamers as shown by the mass spectrometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Okuda
- Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Tokyo, Japan
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17
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Sota T. [II. A melanoma diagnostic support system based on hyperspectral data]. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho 2014; 41:437-440. [PMID: 24881089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Takayuki Sota
- Dept. of electrical engineering and bioscience, Waseda University, Japan
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18
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Okuzaki Y, Sota T. How the length of genital parts affects copulation performance in a carabid beetle: implications for correlated genital evolution between the sexes. J Evol Biol 2014; 27:565-74. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.12323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2013] [Revised: 12/17/2013] [Accepted: 12/20/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Okuzaki
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
| | - T. Sota
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto Japan
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19
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Sota T, Matsuo S, Uchida Y, Hagino H, Kawai Y. Effects of lower body positive pressure on cardiovascular responses during walking in elderly women. Physiol Res 2013; 62:653-62. [PMID: 23869890 DOI: 10.33549/physiolres.932459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was undertaken to investigate the effects of lower body positive pressure (LBPP) on cardiovascular responses during a 15-min walking trial in young (22.1+/-0.4 years) and elderly women (67.8+/-1.1 years). The application of 20 mm Hg LBPP reduced ground reaction forces by 31.2+/-0.5 kgw in both groups. We hypothesized that cardiovascular responses to LBPP during walking were different between the young and elderly subjects. Applying 20 mm Hg of LBPP increased diastolic and mean blood pressure but not systolic blood pressure in both groups. LBPP-induced reduction in heart rate (HR) occurred more quickly in the young group compared to the elderly group (p<0.05). Applying LBPP also decreased double product (systolic blood pressure x HR) in both groups, suggesting that LBPP reduces myocardial oxygen consumption during exercise. These results suggest that heart rate responses to LBPP during exercise vary with increasing age.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sota
- Department of Rehabilitation, Tottori University Hospital, Yonago, Japan.
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20
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Nagaoka T, Nakamura A, Kiyohara Y, Sota T. Melanoma screening system using hyperspectral imager attached to imaging fiberscope. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2013; 2012:3728-31. [PMID: 23366738 DOI: 10.1109/embc.2012.6346777] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Early detection and proper excision of the primary lesions of melanoma are crucial for reducing melanoma-related deaths. In order to support the early detection of melanoma, melanoma screening systems have been extensively studied and developed. Recently we have proposed a melanoma discrimination index derived from hyperspectral data (HSD) in the visible-near infrared wavelength region. The index represents variegation in spectra over a lesion and works well in discriminating melanoma from other pigmented lesions. However the previous hyperspectral imager did not have an enough allowance for measurement of lesions. To overcome the problem with it, we have developed a hyperspectral imager attached to imaging fiberscope. This equipment has been able to accumulate HSD in a view field of φ40 mm within about 10 seconds, from which the above-mentioned melanoma discrimination index has been calculated. Performance of the system has been studied in nine cases of melanoma and 18 cases of non-melanoma, obtained from patients and volunteers, all of whom were Japanese. The index has achieved a sensitivity of 100 % and a specificity of 94.4 %.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagaoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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21
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Takahashi T, Sota T, Hori M. Genetic basis of male colour dimorphism in a Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish. Mol Ecol 2012; 22:3049-60. [PMID: 23176589 DOI: 10.1111/mec.12120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2012] [Revised: 10/06/2012] [Accepted: 10/10/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Phenotypic polymorphisms can be applied to study the micro-evolutionary forces that maintain genetic variation and can mediate speciation, but it can be difficult to determine the genetic basis of polymorphisms. Recently, restriction-site-associated DNA (RAD) sequencing has become popular, which can easily produce multiple single nucleotide polymorphisms from whole genomes. Here, we combined RAD sequencing, allele-specific PCR and Sanger sequencing to determine the genetic basis underlying male colour dimorphism of a Lake Tanganyika cichlid fish, Cyprichromis leptosoma. Our analyses using both a cross-family (two parents and 12 F2 males) and 64 wild individuals do not contradict a hypothesis that two alleles of one-locus control male colour dimorphism. Also, the locus may be located on a genome region that experiences reduced levels of recombination. Although more analyses will be needed to conclude these findings, this study is the first to suggest the genetic basis of a colour polymorphism using RAD sequencing.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Laboratory of Animal Ecology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kitashirakawa-Oiwake, Sakyo, Kyoto, 606-8502, Japan.
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22
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Takagi A, Nakamura A, Yoshikaie A, Yoshioka SI, Adachi S, Chichibu SF, Sota T. Signatures of Γ1-Γ5 mixed-mode polaritons in polarized reflectance spectra of ZnO. J Phys Condens Matter 2012; 24:415801. [PMID: 23006520 DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/24/41/415801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Theoretical and experimental studies were carried out on exciton-polaritons excited in ZnO. Polaritons in which both Γ(1) and Γ(5) excitons couple to electromagnetic waves simultaneously are shown to exist, and their signatures are observed in polarized reflectance spectra measured under k is perpendicular to a and E is parallel to c configurations for an m-plane sample. Theoretical calculations reveal that the mixed-mode polaritons consist of one Γ(1) transverse mode and two Γ(5) longitudinal modes. It is also shown that the signatures are sensitive to the valence band ordering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ayako Takagi
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan
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23
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Tsuchiya Y, Takami Y, Okuzaki Y, Sota T. Genetic differences and phenotypic plasticity in body size between high- and low-altitude populations of the ground beetle Carabus tosanus. J Evol Biol 2012; 25:1835-42. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2012.02568.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2012] [Revised: 05/19/2012] [Accepted: 06/05/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Tsuchiya
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - Y. Takami
- Graduate School of Human Development & Environment; Kobe University; Kobe; Japan
| | - Y. Okuzaki
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto; Japan
| | - T. Sota
- Department of Zoology; Graduate School of Science; Kyoto University; Kyoto; Japan
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24
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Nagaoka T, Nakamura A, Okutani H, Kiyohara Y, Koga H, Saida T, Sota T. Hyperspectroscopic screening of melanoma on acral volar skin. Skin Res Technol 2012; 19:e290-6. [PMID: 22698068 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2012.00642.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/26/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/PURPOSE Early detection and proper excision of the primary lesions of melanoma are crucial for reducing melanoma-related deaths. To support the early detection of melanoma, automated melanoma-screening systems have been extensively studied and developed. In this article, a previously reported hyperspectral imager and melanoma discrimination index are applied to the discrimination of acral lentiginous melanoma (ALM) from acral nevus (AN), and their diagnostic performance is reported. METHODS The index expresses the disordered nature of each lesion including variegation in color based on variation in spectral information obtained from each lesion. Performance of the index has been studied in thirteen cases of ALM and seven cases of AN, obtained from patients and volunteers, all of whom were Japanese. RESULTS The index discriminated ALM from AN with a sensitivity of 92% and a specificity of 86%. The area under the receiver operating characteristic curve was 0.97. CONCLUSION The performance of the proposed objective melanoma discrimination index at a molecular pigmentary level approached that of clinical experts, using the three-step algorithm as the gold standard.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaoka
- Waseda Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo, Japan.
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25
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Hyogo R, Nakamura A, Okuda H, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Sota T. Mid-infrared vibrational spectroscopic characterization of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and eumelanin derived from it. Chem Phys Lett 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2011.10.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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26
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Nagaoka T, Nakamura A, Okutani H, Kiyohara Y, Sota T. A possible melanoma discrimination index based on hyperspectral data: a pilot study. Skin Res Technol 2011; 18:301-10. [PMID: 22092570 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0846.2011.00571.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/07/2011] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Early detection and proper excision of the primary lesions of malignant melanoma (MM) are crucial for reducing melanoma-related deaths. To support the early detection of melanoma, automated melanoma screening systems have been extensively studied and developed. In this article, we present a hyperspectral melanoma screening system and propose a possible melanoma discrimination index derived from the characteristics of the pigment molecules in the skin, both of which have been derived from hyperspectral data (HSD). METHODS The index expresses the disordered nature of each lesion including variegation in color based on variation in spectral information obtained from each lesion. Performance of the index in discriminating melanomas from other pigmented skin lesions has been studied in five cases of melanoma (41 HSD sets), one case of Spitz nevus (13 HSD sets), 10 cases of seborrheic keratosis (78 HSD sets), three cases of basal cell carcinoma (16 HSD sets), and nine cases of melanocytic nevus (21 HSD sets), obtained from patients and volunteers, all of whom were Japanese. RESULTS Performance of the index, which reflects the disordered nature of a lesion, discriminates melanomas with a sensitivity of 90%, a specificity of 84%, and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of 0.93, on resubstitution. CONCLUSION An objective melanoma discrimination index at a molecular pigmentary level, derived from HSD, has been proposed, and its performance evaluated. This index was highly successful in discriminating MM from non-melanoma, although the statistical population was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaoka
- Cancer Diagnostic Research Division, Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagaizumi, Shizuoka, Japan.
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27
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Azuhata T, Sota T, Chichibu S, Kuramata A, Horino K, Yamaguchi M, Yagi T, Nakamura S. Valence Band Physics in Wurtzite GaN. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-468-445] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTWe present a summary of recent progress towards the understanding of the valence-band physics in wurtzite GaN. Systematic studies have been performed on the strain dependence of the free exciton resonance energies by photoreflectance measurements using well-characterized samples. Analyzing the experimental data with the Hamiltonian appropriate for the valence bands, the values have been determined of the crystal field splitting, the spin-orbit splitting, the shear deformation potential constants, and the energy gap in the unstrained crystal. Discussions are given on the strain dependence of the energy gaps, of the effective masses, and of the binding energies for the free exciton ground states as well as on the valence band parameters. Using the obtained values and the generalized Elliott formula, the fundamental optical absorption spectra obtained experimentally were analyzed. The values of the elastic stiffness constants, which play a crucial role to determine the shear deformation potential constants, are also given.
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28
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Chichibu S, Azuhata T, Sota T, Nakamura S. Recombination of Localized Excitons in InGaN Single- and Multiquantum-Well Structures. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1557/proc-449-653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACTSpontaneous emission mechanisms of InGaN single quantum well (SQW) blue and green light emitting diodes (LEDs) and multiquantum well (MQW) laser diode (LD) structures were investigated. Their static electroluminescence (EL) peak was assigned to the recombination of excitons localized at certain potential minima in the quantum well (QW). The transmission electron micrographs (TEM) indicated fluctuation of In molar fraction in the QWs. The blueshift of the EL peak caused by the increase of the driving current was explained by combined effects of the quantum-confinement Stark effect and band filling of the localized states by excitons.
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29
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Okuda H, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Sota T. Regioselectivity on the cooxidation of 5,6-dihydroxyindole and its 2-carboxy derivative from the quantum chemical calculations. Chem Phys Lett 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cplett.2010.03.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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30
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Egusa S, Inoue Y, Asami J, Hoshino M, Sota T, Inoue T. Analysis of mouse Cadherin-6 gene regulation for the mouse neocortical auditory area. Neurosci Res 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neures.2010.07.2210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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31
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Okuda H, Wakamatsu K, Ito S, Sota T. Possible Oxidative Polymerization Mechanism of 5,6-Dihydroxyindole from ab Initio Calculations. J Phys Chem A 2008; 112:11213-22. [DOI: 10.1021/jp711025m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hidekazu Okuda
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Kazumasa Wakamatsu
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Shosuke Ito
- Department of Chemistry, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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32
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Eikje NS, Aizawa K, Sota T, Ozaki Y, Arase S. Identification and characterization of skin biomolecules for drug targeting and monitoring by vibrational spectroscopy. Open Med Chem J 2008; 2:38-48. [PMID: 19662142 PMCID: PMC2704584 DOI: 10.2174/1874104500802010038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2008] [Revised: 04/08/2008] [Accepted: 04/09/2008] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The article discusses the application of vibrational spectroscopy techniques for in vivo identification and characterization of glucose biomolecules monitored in the skin of healthy, prediabetes and diabetes subjects; for molecular characterization of water and proteins in in vivo monitored patch tested inflamed skin of the patients with contact dermatitis; for description of nucleic acids and proteins at the molecular level with progression to malignancy in skin cancerous lesions. The results of the studies show new possibilities to assess activity levels of glucose metabolism in the skin tissue of healthy, prediabetes and diabetes subjects; activity and severity of inflammation; activity of the processes of carcinogenesis with regard to benign, premalignant and malignant transformation. Based on our findings, we suggest that vibrational spectroscopy might be a rapid screening tool with sufficient sensitivity and specificity to identify and characterize skin biomolecules in described diseases for drug targeting and monitoring by the pharmacological community.
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Nagaoka T, Nakamura A, Aizawa K, Ohtsubo S, Mochizuki T, Kiyohara Y, Sota T. Development of blood vessel viewer using multi spectral imaging technology. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2008:1234-1237. [PMID: 19162889 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649386] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Using multi spectral imaging technology, which enable us to simultaneously obtain spatial and wavelength information, we have newly developed blood vessel viewer. Our device is composed of the light source, the lens or the endoscope, the optical device, CCD camera, and PC. As an evaluation of our device, we measured the skin diffuse reflectance spectrum of the human hand. The blood vessel observed by our device was corresponding to an anatomy finding. However, even if Principal Component Analysis was used, the reflection of horny was not able to be removed completely.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaoka
- Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Cancer Diagnostic Research Division, 411-8777, Japan.
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Abstract
We analysed evolutionary diversification and covariation in male genitalia and four mating traits related to sexual selection, i.e. testis size, spermatophore size, copulation duration and post-copulatory guarding duration, in Ohomopterus ground beetles using phylogenetically independent contrasts. Male genital size and mating duration have evolved more rapidly than body size and the other traits studied. Male genital size was negatively correlated with copulation duration, suggesting that elongated male genitalia may enable decreased time investment in a single copulation because it is more effective at facilitating spermatophore deposition. Male genital size was positively correlated with spermatophore size, suggesting coevolution between offensive and defensive male mating tactics because the elongated male genitalia may be advantageous in displacement of rivals' plug-like spermatophores, and decreased mating duration may intensify sperm competition. Thus, the remarkable diversity of male genitalia in Ohomopterus may have been facilitated by the interplay between inter- and intrasexual selection processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Takami
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
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35
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Abstract
Marked diversification of genital morphology is common in internally fertilizing animals. Although sexual selection may be the primary process controlling genital evolution, factors promoting genital evolution are controversial, and the genetic background of genital morphology is poorly understood. We analyzed the genetic basis of species-specific genital morphologies in carabid beetles of the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus, Carabidae) using two parapatric species with hybrid zones. Biometric analyses on experimental F(1) and backcross populations revealed that inheritance of genital morphology is polygenic. Applying Lande's modification of the Castle-Wright estimator to population means and variances to estimate the minimum number of genes involved, we found that a relatively small number of loci is responsible for species differences in genital morphology. In addition, joint-scaling tests indicated that the additive genetic effect accounts for most interspecific differences in genital traits, but dominance and epistatic genetic effects also play roles. Overall, the genetic basis of male and female genitalia is fairly simple, enabling these traits to respond quickly to selection pressures and to diverge rapidly. Our results provide insight into the diversification of genital morphology in carabid beetles, and will hopefully stimulate further studies on the genetic basis of genitalia, such as mapping of quantitative trait loci affecting species-specific genital morphology.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sasabe
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan.
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36
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37
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Nagaoka T, Eikje NS, Nakamura A, Aizawa K, Kiyohara Y, Ichikawa F, Yamazaki T, Doi M, Nakamura K, Otsubo S, Sota T. Inspection of skin hemodynamics with hyperspectral camera. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2007; 2007:3357-3361. [PMID: 18002716 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4353050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Using hyperspectral imaging techniques, which enable us to simultaneously obtain spatial and wavelength information, we have improved upon the newly developed hyperspectral camera to develop a method of observing changes in skin melanin levels and hemodynamics over time. As an evaluation of this method, we measured the skin diffuse reflectance spectrum of the human middle finger in an experiment of blood flow blockage in the brachial region. The changes in skin hemodynamics observed through this method match the behavior expected based on clinical knowledge, and also show an extremely high correlation with results obtained by the Erythema Index, which is used to make similar calculations from a limited number of wavelengths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Nagaoka
- Shizuoka Cancer Center Research Institute, Shizuoka, 411-8777, Japan.
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38
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Chichibu SF, Uedono A, Onuma T, Haskell BA, Chakraborty A, Koyama T, Fini PT, Keller S, Denbaars SP, Speck JS, Mishra UK, Nakamura S, Yamaguchi S, Kamiyama S, Amano H, Akasaki I, Han J, Sota T. Origin of defect-insensitive emission probability in In-containing (Al,In,Ga)N alloy semiconductors. Nat Mater 2006; 5:810-6. [PMID: 16951678 DOI: 10.1038/nmat1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/12/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Group-III-nitride semiconductors have shown enormous potential as light sources for full-colour displays, optical storage and solid-state lighting. Remarkably, InGaN blue- and green-light-emitting diodes (LEDs) emit brilliant light although the threading dislocation density generated due to lattice mismatch is six orders of magnitude higher than that in conventional LEDs. Here we explain why In-containing (Al,In,Ga)N bulk films exhibit a defect-insensitive emission probability. From the extremely short positron diffusion lengths (<4 nm) and short radiative lifetimes of excitonic emissions, we conclude that localizing valence states associated with atomic condensates of In-N preferentially capture holes, which have a positive charge similar to positrons. The holes form localized excitons to emit the light, although some of the excitons recombine at non-radiative centres. The enterprising use of atomically inhomogeneous crystals is proposed for future innovation in light emitters even when using defective crystals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shigefusa F Chichibu
- Institute of Applied Physics and 21st Century COE Office, Graduate School of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 1-1-1 Tennodai, Tsukuba 305-8573, Japan.
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39
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Suzuki T, Kawashima H, Sota T. Conformational Properties of and a Reorientation Triggered by Sugar−Water Vibrational Resonance in the Hydroxymethyl Group in Hydrated β-Glucopyranose. J Phys Chem B 2006; 110:2405-18. [PMID: 16471832 DOI: 10.1021/jp052993z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
In this paper, we discuss the conformational properties of the hydroxymethyl group of beta-glucopyranose in aqueous solution and its reorientation mechanism. First, using the values for the hydroxymethyl torsion (O5-C5-C6-O6) angle obtained by our ab initio simulations, we reestimate the experimental ratio of the hydroxymethyl rotamer populations. The reestimated ratio is found to be in agreement with those previously reported in several computational studies, which probably partly explains the discrepancies between theoretical and experimental studies that have been discussed in the literature. Second, our time-frequency analysis on a reorientation in the hydroxymethyl group in an ab initio molecular dynamics trajectory suggests that, before the reorientation, the O6-H6 stretching mode is vibrationally coupled with a proton-accepting first-hydration-shell water molecule, whereas the C6-O6 stretching mode is vibrationally coupled with a proton-donating one. The amount of the total vibrational energy induced by these vibrational couplings is estimated to be comparable to typical values for the potential barriers between hydroxymethyl rotamers. To elucidate the vibrational couplings, we investigate the hydrogen-bonding properties around the hydroxymethyl group during the pretransition period. The implications, validity, and limitation of a possible reorientation mechanism based on these findings are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Suzuki
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Suzuki T, Sota T. Erratum: “Improving ab initio infrared spectra of glucose–water complexes by considering explicit intermolecular hydrogen bonds” [J. Chem. Phys. 119, 10133 (2003)]. J Chem Phys 2005. [DOI: 10.1063/1.2126967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Suzuki
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Zhang AB, Kubota K, Takami Y, Kim JL, Kim JK, Sota T. Species status and phylogeography of two closely related Coptolabrus species (Coleoptera: Carabidae) in South Korea inferred from mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences. Mol Ecol 2005; 14:3823-41. [PMID: 16202099 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2005.02705.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the species status and intraspecific phylogeography in South Korea of two ground beetle species, Coptolabrus jankowskii and Coptolabrus smaragdinus (Coleoptera: Carabidae), using statistical parsimony networks and nested clade analyses based on sequences from the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) and nuclear phosphoenolpyruvate carboxykinase (PepCK) and wingless (Wg) genes. Although traditional parsimony tree construction generally failed to resolve interspecific relationships and construct biologically meaningful genealogies, analysis using statistical parsimony networks yielded statistically significant inter- and intraspecific genealogical structures. We found that although these two species represent a notable case of trans-species polymorphisms in both mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences, their status as separate species was evidenced by the nonrandom association between species and nested clades at various nesting levels. The exceptional occurrence of shared identical or very similar COI sequences was considered to be the result of introgressive hybridization. In addition, range expansion and fragmentation events across the Korean Peninsula and adjacent islands were inferred from nested clade phylogeographical analyses. The COI gene revealed the geographical divergence of major eastern and western clades and historical biogeographical events within each major clade, whereas the nuclear PepCK gene, which did not reveal corresponding east-west clades, indicated past fragmentation and range expansion across wide areas that may have been the result of older biogeographical events. Thus, phylogeographical inferences drawn from analyses of mitochondrial and nuclear genes can reveal different and potentially complementary information about phylogeographical processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- A B Zhang
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
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Suzuki T, Kawashima H, Kotoku H, Sota T. Structural Fluctuation and Dynamics of Ribose Puckering in Aqueous Solution from First Principles. J Phys Chem B 2005; 109:12997-3005. [PMID: 16852613 DOI: 10.1021/jp050475i] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Using the method of ab initio molecular dynamics, we examine the structural fluctuation and the low-frequency dynamics of beta-ribofuranose puckering in aqueous solution. Our analysis suggests that the distance between the anomeric and hydroxymethyl oxygens is a simple relevant geometrical parameter that dynamically correlates with the phase angle in the north region. The time-frequency analysis using the Hilbert-Huang transform also confirms the correlation, and most of the instantaneous frequencies for the phase angle and the above distance are found to be concentrated on the region below about 100 cm(-1). Our analysis of ab initio molecular dynamics trajectories suggests that the molecular origin of the hydration effects on the low-frequency dynamics of beta-ribofuranose puckering is closely related to this correlation and thus primarily attributed to the relatively local interactions among the anomeric and hydroxymethyl oxygens and the surrounding water molecules near them. Additionally, we discuss the difference in the low-frequency dynamics of beta-ribofuranose puckering between two hydroxymethyl rotamers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Suzuki
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Abstract
This paper examines the hydration structure on the surface of beta-ribofuranose in aqueous solution, using the ab initio molecular dynamics method. In particular, we focus on circular hydrogen bond networks involving two ribofuranose oxygens and three water molecules. In our simulations, the circular hydrogen bond networks near the ring oxygen of beta-ribofuranose are found to be significantly influenced by the orientation of the hydroxymethyl group. The arrangements of hydrogen bonds observed in the circular hydrogen bond networks are both homodromic and antidromic. To explain these observations, we analyze the electronic properties of the first-hydration-shell water molecules and the OH groups of beta-ribofuranose, using the centers of their maximally localized Wannier functions. The dipole moments of the proton-accepting first-hydration-shell water molecules in our well-defined circular hydrogen bond networks are found to increase by about 0.3 D compared with that of liquid water, indicating the relatively strong polarization effects created by the interactions between the OH groups of the solute and the surrounding water molecules. Our analysis also implies that circular H-bond networks cannot be fully explained from a simple geometrical point of view.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teppei Suzuki
- Integrative Bioscience and Biomedical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoru Adachi
- Department of Applied Physics, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060‐8628, Japan
| | - Kouji Hazu
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555, Japan
| | - Takayuki Sota
- Department of Electrical Engineering and Bioscience, Waseda University, Shinjuku, Tokyo 169‐8555, Japan
| | - Sigefusa Chichibu
- Institute of Applied Physics, University of Tsukuba, 1‐1‐1 Tennodai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305‐8573, Japan
| | - Gene Cantwell
- Zn‐Technology, Inc., 910 Columbia St. Brea, California 92821, USA
| | | | - Cole W. Litton
- Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright‐Patterson Air Force Base, Ohio 45433, USA
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Satoh A, Sota T, Ueda T, Enokido Y, Paik JC, Hori M. Evolutionary history of coastal tiger beetles in Japan based on a comparative phylogeography of four species. Mol Ecol 2004; 13:3057-69. [PMID: 15367120 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-294x.2004.02274.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
To reveal the phylogeographical patterns of four species of coastal tiger beetles in Japan (Lophyridia angulata, Abroscelis anchoralis, Cicindela lewisii and Chaetodera laetescripta), we conducted phylogenetic and nested clade analysis (NCA) using the mitochondrial DNA sequences of two loci (COI and 16S rRNA), with specimens sampled from Japan and neighbouring countries. Abroscelis anchoralis and L. angulata have similar disjunct distributions in Japan. The NCA indicated past fragmentation involving three isolated areas of A. anchoralis. In contrast, local populations of L. angulata in Japan shared the same haplotype, indicating recent vicariance. Co-occurrence of haplotypes from several divergent clades in Japanese populations of Ch. laetescripta suggested ancient vicariance and subsequent intermixing of local populations. The tree topology of C. lewisii, with shallow branches and little geographical segregation of haplotypes between Japan and Korea or within Japan, suggested that the Japanese population was segregated from the Korean population only recently. Restricted gene flow, with isolation by distance, was inferred for various geographical associations of haplotypes for coastal tiger beetles in the NCA. Based on these phylogeographical patterns, coupled with a molecular clock approach, the evolutionary history of four species of coastal tiger beetles was deduced, with the additional consideration of the competitive relationships among those species. We also discuss the conservation of highly localized A. anchoralis populations in Japan, using the concept of evolutionarily significant units.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Satoh
- Department of Zoology, Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Koida T, Uedono A, Tsukazaki A, Sota T, Kawasaki M, Chichibu SF. Direct comparison of photoluminescence lifetime and defect densities in ZnO epilayers studied by time-resolved photoluminescence and slow positron annihilation techniques. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2004. [DOI: 10.1002/pssa.200405035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Ikeda M, Suzuki S, Kishio M, Hirono M, Sugiyama T, Matsuura J, Suzuki T, Sota T, Allen CN, Konishi S, Yoshioka T. Hydrogen-deuterium exchange effects on beta-endorphin release from AtT20 murine pituitary tumor cells. Biophys J 2004; 86:565-75. [PMID: 14695301 PMCID: PMC1303825 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(04)74135-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Abundant evidences demonstrate that deuterium oxide (D2O) modulates various secretory activities, but specific mechanisms remain unclear. Using AtT20 cells, we examined effects of D2O on physiological processes underlying beta-endorphin release. Immunofluorescent confocal microscopy demonstrated that 90% D2O buffer increased the amount of actin filament in cell somas and decreased it in cell processes, whereas beta-tubulin was not affected. Ca2+ imaging demonstrated that high-K+-induced Ca2+ influx was not affected during D2O treatment, but was completely inhibited upon D2O washout. The H2O/D2O replacement in internal solutions of patch electrodes reduced Ca2+ currents evoked by depolarizing voltage steps, whereas additional extracellular H2O/D2O replacement recovered the currents, suggesting that D2O gradient across plasma membrane is critical for Ca2+ channel kinetics. Radioimmunoassay of high-K+-induced beta-endorphin release demonstrated an increase during D2O treatment and a decrease upon D(2)O washout. These results demonstrate that the H2O-to-D2O-induced increase in beta-endorphin release corresponded with the redistribution of actin, and the D2O-to-H2O-induced decrease in beta-endorphin release corresponded with the inhibition of voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels. The computer modeling suggests that the differences in the zero-point vibrational energy between protonated and deuterated amino acids produce an asymmetric distribution of these amino acids upon D2O washout and this causes the dysfunction of Ca2+ channels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masayuki Ikeda
- Advanced Research Institute for Science and Engineering, Waseda University, 3-4-1 Okubo Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo 169-8555, Japan
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Suzuki T, Sota T. Improving ab initio infrared spectra of glucose–water complexes by considering explicit intermolecular hydrogen bonds. J Chem Phys 2003. [DOI: 10.1063/1.1619953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sota T, Ishikawa R, Ujiie M, Kusumoto F, Vogler AP. Extensive trans-species mitochondrial polymorphisms in the carabid beetles Carabus subgenus Ohomopterus caused by repeated introgressive hybridization. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:2833-47. [PMID: 11903896 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.t01-1-01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To study the potential importance of introgressive hybridization to the evolutionary diversification of a carabid beetle lineage, we studied intraspecific and trans-species polymorphisms in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene sequence (1083 bp) in four species of the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus) in central and eastern Honshu, Japan. Of the four species, C. insulicola is parapatric with the other three, and can hybridize naturally with at least two. This species possesses two haplotypes of remote lineages. We classified ND5 haplotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with TaqI endonuclease for 524 specimens, and sequenced 143 samples. Analysis revealed that each species was polyphyletic in its mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, representing a marked case of trans-species polymorphism. Recent one-way introgression of mitochondria from C. arrowianus nakamurai to C. insulicola, and from C. insulicola to C. esakii, was inferred from the frequency of identical sequences between these species and from direct evidence of hybridization in their contact zones. Other intraspecific polymorphisms in the four species may be due to undetected introgressive hybridization (e.g. C. insulicola to C. maiyasanus) or from stochastic lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. This beetle group has a genital lock-and-key system, with species-specific or subspecies-specific genital morphology that may act as a barrier to hybridization. However, our results demonstrate that introgressive hybridization has occurred multiple times, at least for mitochondria, despite differences among, and stability within, morphological characters that distinguish local populations. Thus, hybridization and introgression could have been key processes in the evolutionary diversification of Ohomopterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sota
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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Abstract
The psychiatric status of homeless adults has been described primarily in terms of Axis I disorders. By adding a subset of the Personality Assessment Inventory, this study tests the feasibility and usefulness of a brief, self-administered questionnaire to obtain scores on several dimensions of personality. Cluster analysis sorted 112 tested subjects into four groups characterized by distinct profiles. Two of these were characterized by extreme scores on pathological dimensions of personality (borderline features, antisocial traits, and aggressivity) and differed primarily on the dimension of suicidality. The third reflected moderate levels of personality dysfunction and the fourth did not deviate from adult nonclinical norms. The validity of the clusters was supported by demographic, background, and diagnostic subgroup differences. Brief personality assessment can be a cost-effective approach to matching services with clinical needs of homeless adults by attending to interpersonal dimensions that will likely affect service provision.
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