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Mawson T, Taplin DJ, Brown HG, Clark L, Ishikawa R, Seki T, Ikuhara Y, Shibata N, Paganin DM, Morgan MJ, Weyland M, Petersen TC, Findlay SD. Factors limiting quantitative phase retrieval in atomic-resolution differential phase contrast scanning transmission electron microscopy using a segmented detector. Ultramicroscopy 2022; 233:113457. [PMID: 35016130 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2021.113457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2021] [Revised: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 12/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Quantitative differential phase contrast imaging of materials in atomic-resolution scanning transmission electron microscopy using segmented detectors is limited by various factors, including coherent and incoherent aberrations, detector positioning and uniformity, and scan-distortion. By comparing experimental case studies of monolayer and few-layer graphene with image simulations, we explore which parameters require the most precise characterisation for reliable and quantitative interpretation of the reconstructed phases. Coherent and incoherent lens aberrations are found to have the most significant impact. For images over a large field of view, the impact of noise and non-periodic boundary conditions are appreciable, but in this case study have less of an impact than artefacts introduced by beam deflections coupling to beam scanning (imperfect tilt-shift purity).
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Affiliation(s)
- T Mawson
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - D J Taplin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - H G Brown
- Ian Holmes Imaging Center, Bio21 Molecular Science and Biotechnology Institute, University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - L Clark
- School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK
| | - R Ishikawa
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan
| | - T Seki
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan; PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, Kawaguchi, Saitama 3320012, Japan
| | - Y Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - N Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan
| | - D M Paganin
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M J Morgan
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - M Weyland
- Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - T C Petersen
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia; Monash Centre for Electron Microscopy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia
| | - S D Findlay
- School of Physics and Astronomy, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria 3800, Australia.
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Ishizuka A, Ishizuka K, Ishikawa R, Shibata N, Ikuhara Y, Hashiguchi H, Sagawa R. Improving the depth resolution of STEM-ADF sectioning by 3D deconvolution. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 70:241-249. [PMID: 33048120 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2020] [Revised: 09/01/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the possibility of locating single atom in three dimensions using the scanning transmission electron microscope (STEM) has been discussed with the advent of aberration correction technology, it is still a big challenge. In this report we have developed deconvolution routines based on maximum entropy method (MEM) and Richardson-Lucy algorithm (RLA), which are applicable to the STEM-annular dark-field (ADF) though-focus images to improve the depth resolution. The new three-dimensional (3D) deconvolution routines require a limited defocus-range of STEM-ADF images that covers a whole sample and some vacuum regions. Since the STEM-ADF probe is infinitely elongated along the optical axis, a 3D convolution is performed with a two-dimensional (2D) convolution over xy-plane using the 2D fast Fourier transform in reciprocal space, and a one-dimensional convolution along the z-direction in real space. Using our new deconvolution routines, we have processed simulated focal series of STEM-ADF images for single Ce dopants embedded in wurtzite-type AlN. Applying the MEM, the Ce peaks are clearly localized along the depth, and the peak width is reduced down to almost one half. We also applied the new deconvolution routines to experimental focal series of STEM-ADF images of a monolayer graphene. The RLA gives smooth and high-P/B ratio scattering distribution, and the graphene layer can be easily detected. Using our deconvolution algorithms, we can determine the depth locations of the heavy dopants and the graphene layer within the precision of 0.1 and 0.2 nm, respectively. Thus, the deconvolution must be extremely useful for the optical sectioning with 3D STEM-ADF images.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Ishizuka
- HREM Research Inc., 14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimatsuyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - K Ishizuka
- HREM Research Inc., 14-48 Matsukazedai, Higashimatsuyama, Saitama, Japan
| | - R Ishikawa
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,PRESTO, Japan Science and Technology Agency, 4-1-8, Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama, Japan
| | - N Shibata
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Y Ikuhara
- Institute of Engineering Innovation, University of Tokyo, 2-11-16 Yayoi, Bunkyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Nanostructures Research Laboratory, Japan Fine Ceramics Center, Nagoya, Aichi, Japan
| | - H Hashiguchi
- JEOL Ltd, 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Sagawa
- JEOL Ltd, 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo, Japan
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Kato H, Kato Y, Yoneyama R, Ishikawa R, Kojika M, Miyajima K, Takizawa N, Furukawa K. Review of PDT for lung cancer and future. Photodiagnosis Photodyn Ther 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.pdpdt.2017.01.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Brown H, Ishikawa R, Sánchez-Santolino G, Lugg N, Ikuhara Y, Allen L, Shibata N. A new method to detect and correct sample tilt in scanning transmission electron microscopy bright-field imaging. Ultramicroscopy 2017; 173:76-83. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2016.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2016] [Revised: 11/15/2016] [Accepted: 11/21/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Harada M, Matsunaga A, Aoyama N, Abe Y, Yoneki K, Ishikawa R, Watanabe T, Shigeta K, Miyako Y, Kutsuna T, Matsuzawa R, Yoshida A. Decreased physical activity is associated with an increased incidence or progression of peripheral artery disease in hemodialysis patients. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.3331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Watanabe T, Matsunaga A, Abe Y, Yoneki K, Harada M, Ishikawa R, Shigeta K, Kutsuna T, Matsuzawa R, Yoshida A. Relationship between physical function and plantar pressure distribution in hemodialysis patients with peripheral neuropathy. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.1626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Okada JT, Sit PHL, Watanabe Y, Barbiellini B, Ishikawa T, Wang YJ, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Bansil A, Ishikawa R, Hamaishi M, Paradis PF, Kimura K, Ishikawa T, Nanao S. Visualizing the mixed bonding properties of liquid boron with high-resolution x-ray Compton scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2015; 114:177401. [PMID: 25978262 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.114.177401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Bonding characteristics of liquid boron at 2500 K are studied by using high-resolution Compton scattering. An excellent agreement is found between the measurements and the corresponding Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. Covalent bond pairs are clearly shown to dominate in liquid boron along with the coexistence of diffuse pairs. Our study reveals the complex bonding pattern of liquid boron and gives insight into the unusual properties of this high-temperature liquid.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
- PRESTO, JST, 4-1-8 Honcho, Kawaguchi, Saitama 332-0012, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - P H-L Sit
- School of Energy and Environment, City University of Hong Kong Kowloon, Hong Kong S.A.R
| | - Y Watanabe
- Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - B Barbiellini
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - T Ishikawa
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
- The Graduate University for Advanced Studies (SOKENDAI), 3-1-1, Yoshinodai, Chuo-ku, Sagamihara 252-5210, Japan
| | - Y J Wang
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
- Advanced Light Source, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California 94720, USA
| | - M Itou
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8 Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - Y Sakurai
- Japan Synchrotron Radiation Research Institute, SPring-8 Sayo-cho, Hyogo 679-5198, Japan
| | - A Bansil
- Department of Physics, Northeastern University, Boston, Massachusetts 02115, USA
| | - R Ishikawa
- Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - M Hamaishi
- Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
| | - P-F Paradis
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
| | - K Kimura
- Department of Advanced Materials Science, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8561, Japan
| | - T Ishikawa
- RIKEN SPring-8 Center, Sayo-cho, Sayo-gun, Hyogo 679-5148, Japan
| | - S Nanao
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8505, Japan
- Institute of Industrial Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8505, Japan
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Yoneki K, Matsunaga A, Kitagawa J, Abe Y, Harada M, Ishikawa R, Watanabe T, Matsuzawa R, Kutsuna T, Shigeta K, Yoshida A. Association of habitual physical activity with bone metabolism in hemodialysis patients. Physiotherapy 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physio.2015.03.109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Matsukawa H, Shinoda M, Fujii M, Takahashi O, Yamamoto D, Murakata A, Ishikawa R. Factors associated with lobar vs. non-lobar intracerebral hemorrhage. Acta Neurol Scand 2012; 126:116-21. [PMID: 22067041 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0404.2011.01615.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The relationship between body mass index (BMI) and stroke subtypes has received more research attention than that between BMI and location of intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH). Lobar hemorrhage (LH) differs from non-LH primarily in terms of etiology, i.e. cerebral amyloid angiopathy is the main cause of LH. This study aimed to determine the relationship between BMI and ICH. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this retrospective study involving 460 consecutive patients with ICH, BMI was significantly lower in LH than for other ICH locations. BMI categories were underweight (BMI < 18.5 kg/m(2)), normal weight (18.5-23.0 kg/m(2)), overweight (23.0-27.5 kg/m(2)), or obesity (≥27.5 kg/m(2)). Outcome at 1 year was evaluated by the modified Rankin Scale (mRS). We investigated the relationship of BMI and other clinical characteristics with LH and non-LH. RESULTS LH was associated with age (>70 years), underweight, unfavorable outcome (mRS ≥3), and daily alcohol consumption. Hypertension and intraventricular bleeding were significantly less common in patients with LH than those with non-LH. CONCLUSIONS Alongside risk factors conventionally thought to be related to LH, underweight may also be a LH-related factor, specifically in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Matsukawa
- Department of Neurosurgery, St. Luke's International Hospital, Tokyo, Japan.
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Tanizawa Y, Okamoto Y, Tsuzuki K, Nagao Y, Yoshida N, Tero R, Iwasa S, Hiraishi A, Suda Y, Takikawa H, Numano R, Okada H, Ishikawa R, Sandhu A. Microorganism mediated synthesis of reduced graphene oxide films. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/352/1/012011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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Ishikawa R, Ko PJ, Kurokawa Y, Konagai M, Sandhu A. Electrophoretic deposition of high quality transparent conductive graphene films on insulating glass substrates. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/352/1/012003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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14
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Okada JT, Sit PHL, Watanabe Y, Wang YJ, Barbiellini B, Ishikawa T, Itou M, Sakurai Y, Bansil A, Ishikawa R, Hamaishi M, Masaki T, Paradis PF, Kimura K, Ishikawa T, Nanao S. Persistence of covalent bonding in liquid silicon probed by inelastic x-ray scattering. Phys Rev Lett 2012; 108:067402. [PMID: 22401121 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.108.067402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2011] [Revised: 06/28/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Metallic liquid silicon at 1787 K is investigated using x-ray Compton scattering. An excellent agreement is found between the measurements and the corresponding Car-Parrinello molecular dynamics simulations. Our results show persistence of covalent bonding in liquid silicon and provide support for the occurrence of theoretically predicted liquid-liquid phase transition in supercooled liquid states. The population of covalent bond pairs in liquid silicon is estimated to be 17% via a maximally localized Wannier function analysis. Compton scattering is shown to be a sensitive probe of bonding effects in the liquid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- J T Okada
- Institute of Space and Astronautical Science, Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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Washizaki T, Ishikawa R, Yoneda K, Kitagawa S, Kaizaki S, Fuyuhiro A, Kawata S. Reversible solid-state hydration and dehydration process involving anion transfer in a self-assembled Cu2 system. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c2ra21865h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Shimizu K, Kurosawa T, Ishikawa R, Sanjo T. Vasopressin secretion by hypertonic saline infusion during hemodialysis: effect of cardiopulmonary recirculation. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2011; 27:796-803. [DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfr272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Fujii M, Uemura A, Matsukawa H, Yamamoto D, Kobayashi N, Numaguchi Y, Murakata A, Shinoda M, Ishikawa R. E-005 Preliminary result of carotid artery stenting using angioguard XP/precise stent with technique of mild post-angioplasty. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003251.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Yamamoto D, Uemura A, Fujii M, Matsukawa H, Kobayashi N, Numaguchi Y, Murakata A, Shinoda M, Ishikawa R. E-034 Endovascular internal trapping for ruptured dissecting vertebral artery aneurysms. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003251.34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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19
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Ishikawa R, Abe E, Ishikawa K, Aoki K. Novel-long period structures in hydrogen storage La xY 1−xNi 3.8compounds. Acta Crystallogr A 2008. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767308082871] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Yamamoto Y, Ishikawa R, Omoe K, Taniguchi K. Expression of inwardly rectifying K+ channels in the carotid body of rat. Histol Histopathol 2008; 23:799-806. [PMID: 18437678 DOI: 10.14670/hh-23.799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The inwardly rectifying K+ channels, Kir1.1, Kir2.3, Kir4.1-Kir5.1, and Kir4.2-Kir5.1, are candidate chemosensory molecules for CO2/H+. Here, we determined the mRNA expression and immunohistochemical localization of these channels in the carotid body (CB) and petrosal ganglion (PG) of the rat. RT-PCR analysis revealed mRNA expression of Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 in CB, and Kir1.1, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1 in PG. Immunohistochemistry identified the glomus cells in CB to express both Kir4.1 and Kir5.1 protein, while the nerve fibers in CB were immunoreactive for Kir1.1, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1. In the PG, immunoreactivity for Kir1.1, Kir4.1, and Kir5.1 was observed in some ganglion cells. Our findings suggest that Kir channels in the peripheral chemoreceptors play a role in sensing hypercapnic acidosis and maintaining the resting membrane potentials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Yamamoto
- Laboratory of Veterinary Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Faculty of Agriculture, Iwate University, Morioka, Japan.
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Takahashi T, Kato K, Ishikawa R, Watanabe T, Kubo M, Uzuka T, Fujii Y, Takahashi H. 3-D finite element analysis and experimental study on brain injury mechanism. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2008; 2007:3613-6. [PMID: 18002779 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2007.4353113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to discuss the basic study of mechanism of brain injury analytically and experimentally, in respect to the frequency analysis of the pressure changes. First, a three-dimensional FEM model for impact analysis was presented. The pressure changes inside a brain agar phantom and its frequency analysis were calculated. Second, an experimental system to perform an impact experiment was presented. In the impact experiments, the pressure changes inside a brain agar phantom after impact were measured. The comparison of the computer simulation and the experimental results of the impacts showed that the negative pressure, which seemed to cause the contrecoup injury at the contrecoup side of a brain, also appeared in the contrecoup side of the brain agar phantom. Finally the results of the frequency analysis of pressure changes by FFT were presented. From the results of computer simulations and impact experiments, we found similar spectrums in some frequency bands, which seemed to be the occurrence of the brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Takahashi
- Dept. of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan.
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Ishikawa R, Kato K, Kubo M, Uzuka T, Takahashi H. Finite element analysis and experimental study on mechanism of brain injury using brain model. Conf Proc IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2008; 2006:1327-30. [PMID: 17945634 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2006.259665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to discuss the occurrence mechanism of the brain injury analytically and experimentally. In this paper, first, an experimental system to do an impact experiment was presented. The pressure changes inside a brain agar phantom were measured. Second, a three-dimensional FEM model of the impact experiment was constructed. From the results of the fundamental analysis, the transmitted pressure inside the brain agar phantom could be presented. The comparison of the computer simulation and experimental results showed that the negative pressure values, same as the positive pressure occurred in the coup side region of the agar, also appeared in the contrecoup side region of the agar.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of Mechanical Engineering Informatics, Meiji University, Kawasaki, Japan
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Tatemoto Y, Ishikawa R, Takeuchi M, Takeshita T, Noda K, Okazaki T. An Electrospray Method Using a Multi-Capillary Nozzle Emitter. Chem Eng Technol 2007. [DOI: 10.1002/ceat.200700060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ishikawa R, Kojima C, Ono A, Kainosho M. Synthesis of 5-substituted [N3-15N]-pyrimidine nucleosides: Developing model systems for NMR studies of substituent effects on the N-H...N hydrogen bond in duplex DNA. Nucleic Acids Res Suppl 2003:9-10. [PMID: 12836238 DOI: 10.1093/nass/1.1.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
The effects on various NMR parameters of substitutions, which may influence the hydrogen bond strengths of Watson-Crick-type base pairs, were investigated for DNA dodecamers containing 5-substituted-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives in oligomers, 5'-d(CGCGAATXCGCG)-3', where A and X were [ul-15N]-2'-deoxyadenosine and [3(-15)N]-2'-deoxyuridine derivatives. The substitution effects on the NMR parameters were linearly correlated with the pKa values of the 2'-deoxyuridine derivatives.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of Chemistry, CREST, Graduate School of Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Tokyo, Japan
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Ishikawa R, Nakamura I, Nishihara T, Kikuchi M, Senda M, Akada S, Harada T, Niizeki M. Origin of cytoplasm substituted rice cultivars found in Japan. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 105:608-613. [PMID: 12582511 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-002-0898-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2001] [Accepted: 12/12/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Genetic variation of Japanese rice cultivars were examined. Five of 450 lowland cultivars and another five of 200 upland cultivars were determined as the indica type by using isozyme genotypes and the remainder were of the japonica type. The major characteristics of these indica cultivars, revealed a slender shape of grains, a short apiculus hair length, a positive allele for Ph reaction, and allele-3 for the Pgd1 locus. Three of these indica cultivars showed a non-deletion ORF100, which is essential to the japonica-type plastid. The plastid subtype identity (PS-ID) sequences of these plastids is 6C7A, which is also a japonica-specific repeat unit. Thus, these cultivars were concluded to be naturally generated cytoplasm substituted lines. These plastids were introduced into a indica genetic background from japonica cultivars grown elsewhere. The rest of the indica cultivars revealed a deletion-type ORF100 and plastid subtype 8C8A, both of which are indica-specific. These cultivars carried indica-type allelic constitutions for diagnostic isozyme loci. However, other characters were identical to the cytoplasm-substituted cultivars in Japan. In East and Southeast Asia, cultivars carrying a indica-type nuclear genotype with a japonica-type plastid are restricted to Aus cultivars in the Bengal region. Genetic and historical records suggest that Japanese indica cultivars and the Aus cultivars are closely related. The Aus cultivars acquire necessary genetic constitutions from both indica and japonica cultivars through naturally occurring out-crossing to adapt to a particular cultivation condition in the region. The wide adaptability enabled them to be introduced into a northern region like Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan,
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Senda M, Jumonji A, Yumoto S, Ishikawa R, Harada T, Niizeki M, Akada S. Analysis of the duplicated CHS1 gene related to the suppression of the seed coat pigmentation in yellow soybeans. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:1086-1091. [PMID: 12582616 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-001-0801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2001] [Accepted: 08/23/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Seed coat color in soybean is controlled by the classically defined I ( Inhibitor) locus. The seeds of most commercial soybean varieties are yellow due to the presence of a dominant allele of the I locus ( I: yellow seed coat, or i(i) : pigmented hilum and yellow seed coat), which inhibits seed coat pigmentation. Analysis of spontaneous mutations from I (yellow seed coat) to i (pigmented seed coat) has shown that these mutations are correlated with the deletion of a duplicated chalcone synthase gene-1 ( CHS1) region. In the current study, we isolated the duplicated CHS1 region from a soybean cultivar with a I/I genotype (cv Miyagi shirome) and determined its structure. The results showed that the duplicated CHS1 contained intact regulatory and coding regions. We designated the duplicated CHS1 as ICHS1. In the hypocotyls of Miyagi shirome, the cDNA derived from ICHS1 mRNA was identified by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analysis, whereas in the immature seed coats it was suggested that the amount of transcripts from ICHS1 and/or another type of CHS1 ( CHS1.1) was very low. Interestingly, in the Miyagi shirome genome with a I/I genotype, ICHS1 was closely linked to the truncated CHS3, and sequence comparison showed that this cluster probably arose from the CHS1-CHS3 cluster by a 1.8-kb deletion event.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Senda
- Gene Research Center, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan,
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Ishikawa R, Sato I, Tang T, Nakamura I. Different maternal origins of Japanese lowland and upland rice populations. Theor Appl Genet 2002; 104:976-980. [PMID: 12582602 DOI: 10.1007/s00122-001-0807-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2001] [Accepted: 09/08/2001] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Plastid subtype ID (PS-ID) sequences were determined from sequence data based on CA repeats between genes rpl16 and rpl14 in Japanese lowland and upland cultivars. The PS-ID sequences of Japanese rice cultivars showed that there are different maternal origins between lowland and upland cultivars. One subtype, 6C7A, of PS-ID sequences was predominant in all but one Japanese lowland cultivar and carried a combination of the indica-specific subtype 8C8A and japonica-specific nuclear markers for the isozyme genotype. It is probably a nuclear-cytoplasmic recombinant resulting from natural out-crossing and succeeding self-pollination. The origin of the plastid was re-confirmed by the existence of an indica-specific deletion in the plastid genome. In contrast, the Japanese upland cultivars showed two subtypes, 7C6A and 6C7A, of PS-ID sequences. An upland-specific isozyme allele as a nuclear marker was equally predominant in cultivars carrying each subtype. The existence of these particular upland-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic genotypes suggests that the origin of Japanese upland cultivars is different from that of Japanese lowland cultivars. Cultivars carrying the upland-specific nuclear genotype are common in Southeast Asia, but the combination of the upland-specific nuclear and cytoplasmic genotypes which is the same as the Japanese upland predominant type was found in cultivars only in Taiwan and Indonesia. Japanese upland cultivars are closely related to those cultivars.
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Affiliation(s)
- R. Ishikawa
- Laboratory of Plant breeding and Genetics, Hirosaki University, Hirosaki 036-8561, Japan,
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Tokushima, Japan
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Sota T, Ishikawa R, Ujiie M, Kusumoto F, Vogler AP. Extensive trans-species mitochondrial polymorphisms in the carabid beetles Carabus subgenus Ohomopterus caused by repeated introgressive hybridization. Mol Ecol 2001; 10:2833-47. [PMID: 11903896 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-294x.2001.t01-1-01404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
To study the potential importance of introgressive hybridization to the evolutionary diversification of a carabid beetle lineage, we studied intraspecific and trans-species polymorphisms in the mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene sequence (1083 bp) in four species of the subgenus Ohomopterus (genus Carabus) in central and eastern Honshu, Japan. Of the four species, C. insulicola is parapatric with the other three, and can hybridize naturally with at least two. This species possesses two haplotypes of remote lineages. We classified ND5 haplotypes using polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism with TaqI endonuclease for 524 specimens, and sequenced 143 samples. Analysis revealed that each species was polyphyletic in its mitochondrial DNA phylogeny, representing a marked case of trans-species polymorphism. Recent one-way introgression of mitochondria from C. arrowianus nakamurai to C. insulicola, and from C. insulicola to C. esakii, was inferred from the frequency of identical sequences between these species and from direct evidence of hybridization in their contact zones. Other intraspecific polymorphisms in the four species may be due to undetected introgressive hybridization (e.g. C. insulicola to C. maiyasanus) or from stochastic lineage sorting of ancestral polymorphisms. This beetle group has a genital lock-and-key system, with species-specific or subspecies-specific genital morphology that may act as a barrier to hybridization. However, our results demonstrate that introgressive hybridization has occurred multiple times, at least for mitochondria, despite differences among, and stability within, morphological characters that distinguish local populations. Thus, hybridization and introgression could have been key processes in the evolutionary diversification of Ohomopterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sota
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
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30
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Ishikawa R, Kohama K. [Drugs that modulate the cellular function of calcium ion]. Clin Calcium 2001; 11:1445-1449. [PMID: 15775661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Cytoplasmic Ca(2+) concentration is kept low level of about 10(-7)M. When Ca(2+) concentration increases by specific stimuli via opening of channel proteins, Ca(2+) binds to Ca(2+)-binding proteins, activating specific proteins, results in responding the stimuli. In this report, we summarize the effect of drugs, of which targets are the proteins above, including Ca(2+)-pump, ion exchanger, ion channels, calmodulin and calmodulin-binding proteins, and other Ca(2+) binding proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of pharmacology, Gunma University School of Medicine
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31
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Morita K, Ishikawa R, Enami N, Kashiwagi A, Murayama M, Yamagami H, Kimura J, Miura M. Reconstruction of urinary tract utilizing transverse colon conduit for a cystectomized patient with post-ureterocutaneostomy complications and sigmoid colon cancer. Hokkaido Igaku Zasshi 2001; 76:199-202. [PMID: 11523111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A seventy-four years old man had been suffering from symptomatic and infectious complications associated with conjoined cutaneoureterostomy following the radical cystectomy for advanced transitional cell carcinoma of the bladder 3 years ago. He underwent urinary reconstruction using transverse colon conduit after diagnostic exclusion of recurrent urothelial tumor in the upper urinary tract, evaluation of performance status and endoscopic examination of the colon. Enteroscopy incidentally revealed he had an early stage adenocarcinoma in his sigmoid colon to be resected, and the resection was followed by the urinary diversion. Postoperatively he is satisfied to be free from urinary complications and frequently visits the outpatient clinic for painful and troublesome ureteral catheter exchange.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Morita
- Department of Urology, Nikko Memorial Hospital, Muroran 051-8501, Japan
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Samizo K, Ishikawa R, Nakamura A, Kohama K. A highly sensitive method for measurement of myosin ATPase activity by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. Anal Biochem 2001; 293:212-5. [PMID: 11399034 DOI: 10.1006/abio.2001.5146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
A new method for measurement of myosin ATPase activity has been developed utilizing reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), which detects as low as 0.05 nmol of ADP hydrolyzed from ATP. After termination of the ATPase reaction by addition of perchloric acid, the hydrolysate ADP and substrate ATP were separated by reversed-phase HPLC. The absorbance of ADP was monitored at 259 nm, and the amount of ADP was quantified from its peak area on the chromatogram by use of the NIH Image computer software. Our method showed linearity over a wide range from 0.05 to 10 nmol of ADP per 20 microl with a coefficient of determination (r(2)) of 0.99. Myosin ATPase activities determined by the HPLC method were almost identical to those determined by the malachite green method, a widely used spectrophotometric method with range of detection from 1 to 8 nmol of phosphate. Because our method requires only a small volume of reaction solution, it will be a powerful tool for measuring ATPase activity of motor proteins, which are difficult to obtain in large amount.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Samizo
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Maebashi, Gunma, 371-8511, Japan.
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Kamimura E, Ueno Y, Tanaka S, Sawa H, Yoshioka M, Ueno KI, Inoue T, Li X, Koyama T, Ishikawa R, Nagashima K. New rat model for attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). Comp Med 2001; 51:245-51. [PMID: 11924780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE In a strain of the Long-Evans Cinnamon (LEC) rats, we found spontaneously hyperactive animals designated as "wiggling," and established a congenic wiggling (Wig) rat by transferring the gene from the LEC to the Wistar King-Aptekman/Hokkaido (WKAH) strain. We evaluated the feasibility of the Wig rat for an animal model of human attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD). METHODS Mode of inheritance was examined by use of linkage analyses. Motor activity, behavior, and working memory were assessed by use of electric digital counters, open field test, and Y-maze and water-maze tests. RESULTS The abnormal behavior, including hyperactivity, was transmitted in autosomal recessive mode. Diurnal and nocturnal motor activity of 12- to 14-week-old Wig rats was markedly higher than that of controls, and this hyperactivity was more prominent during nighttime than daytime. Ambulation in the open-field test was significantly increased in Wig rats, but rearing was decreased in Wig rats, compared with controls. Results of the Y-maze tests indicated that spontaneous alternation behavior was significantly impaired in Wig rats, although there was no difference in the total arm entries. The water-maze test could not be performed because, when exposed to water, Wig rats panicked and almost drowned. CONCLUSIONS Wig rats are hyperactive and have impaired working memory and impulsive behavior, as assessed by the motor activity and open-field tests and the Y-maze test, and these abnormalities are transmitted by a single gene with Mendelian pattern. Wig rats represent an excellent animal model of human ADHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Kamimura
- Center for Experimental Plants & Animals, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
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Abstract
We report a 70-year-old woman with hypothyroidism and severe hyponatremia. Her plasma antidiuretic hormone (ADH) level was inappropriately high for her low plasma osmolality. Her low serum sodium level was gradually corrected by water restriction and sodium supplementation prior to the initiation of thyroid hormone replacement. After a diagnosis of Hashimoto's thyroiditis had been made, the patient was treated with levothyroxine. Following this treatment, the patient's serum sodium level increased drastically. It is suggested that the elevated plasma ADH level played an important role in the development of hyponatremia in this case.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nakano
- Department of Internal Medicine, Saiseikai Kanagawaken Hospital, Yokohama
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Saishin Y, Ishikawa R, Ugawa S, Guo W, Ueda T, Morimura H, Kohama K, Shimizu H, Tano Y, Shimada S. Retinal fascin: functional nature, subcellular distribution, and chromosomal localization. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2000; 41:2087-95. [PMID: 10892848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the functional properties, subcellular localization, and chromosomal location of retinal fascin. METHODS Recombinant retinal fascin protein was prepared by using a baculovirus-insect expression system. Actin-binding and -bundling assays were performed with chick actin purified from skeletal muscle. Western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry were performed with a polyclonal antibody raised against bovine retinal fascin. A human retinal cDNA library was screened with an expressed sequence tag cDNA fragment. Chromosomal location was determined with fluorescent in situ hybridization. RESULTS The actin-binding and actin-bundling activities of retinal fascin were demonstrated by high- and low-speed centrifugation assays. Formation of filamentous (F)-actin bundles by retinal fascin in vitro was also morphologically confirmed by fluorescence microscopy and electron microscopy. Immunohistochemical analysis revealed that retinal fascin protein was localized specifically in the outer and inner segments of the photoreceptor cells in the retina. Two splicing variants of human retinal fascin cDNA were also located. One clone encoded 492 amino acids, and the other encoded 516 amino acids. The gene encoding retinal fascin was localized to human chromosome 17, region q24 -25. CONCLUSIONS These results suggest that retinal fascin may play a role in formation of unique morphologic structures of the photoreceptor cells and is a candidate gene for retinal degenerative disorders.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/physiology
- Amino Acid Sequence
- Animals
- Base Sequence
- Blotting, Western
- Carrier Proteins/genetics
- Carrier Proteins/physiology
- Cattle
- Chromosome Mapping
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/genetics
- Chromosomes, Human, Pair 17/physiology
- Cloning, Molecular
- Eye Proteins/genetics
- Eye Proteins/physiology
- Gene Expression
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- In Situ Hybridization, Fluorescence
- Microfilament Proteins/genetics
- Microfilament Proteins/physiology
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Molecular Sequence Data
- Photoreceptor Cells, Vertebrate/metabolism
- Recombinant Proteins/genetics
- Recombinant Proteins/metabolism
- Sequence Homology, Amino Acid
- Subcellular Fractions/metabolism
- Tissue Distribution
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Saishin
- Department of Anatomy II, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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Ishikawa R, Buekens AG, Huang H, Watanabe K. The Relationship Between Flue Gas/Fly Ash Compositions and Dioxin Level in Fluidized-Bed Incinerators. Chem Eng Technol 2000. [DOI: 10.1002/(sici)1521-4125(200004)23:4<313::aid-ceat313>3.0.co;2-s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Kishi H, Mikawa T, Seto M, Sasaki Y, Kanayasu-Toyoda T, Yamaguchi T, Imamura M, Ito M, Karaki H, Bao J, Nakamura A, Ishikawa R, Kohama K. Stable transfectants of smooth muscle cell line lacking the expression of myosin light chain kinase and their characterization with respect to the actomyosin system. J Biol Chem 2000; 275:1414-20. [PMID: 10625693 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.275.2.1414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
We constructed a plasmid vector having a 1.4-kilobase pair insert of myosin light chain kinase (MLCK) cDNA in an antisense direction to express antisense mRNA. The construct was then transfected to SM3, a cell line from vascular smooth muscle cells, producing a few stable transfectants. The down-regulation of MLCK expression in the transfectants was confirmed by both Northern and Western blots. The control SM3 showed chemotaxic motility to platelet-derived growth factor-BB, which was supported by lamellipodia. However, the transfectants showed neither chemotaxic motility nor developed lamellipodia, indicating the essential role of MLCK in the motility. The specificity for the targeting was assessed by a few tests including the rescue experiment. Despite this importance of MLCK, platelet-derived growth factor-BB failed to induce MLC20 phosphorylation in not only the transfectants but also in SM3. The mode in which MLCK was involved in the development of membrane ruffling is discussed with special reference to the novel property of MLCK that stimulates the ATPase activity of smooth muscle myosin without phosphorylating its light chain (Ye, L.-H., Kishi, H., Nakamura, A., Okagaki, T., Tanaka, T., Oiwa, K., and Kohama, K. (1999) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U. S. A. 96, 6666-6671).
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Affiliation(s)
- H Kishi
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University School of Medicine, Gunma 371-8511, Japan
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Hayashi K, Ishikawa R, Kawai-Hirai R, Takagi T, Taketomi A, Shirao T. Domain analysis of the actin-binding and actin-remodeling activities of drebrin. Exp Cell Res 1999; 253:673-80. [PMID: 10585290 DOI: 10.1006/excr.1999.4663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Drebrin is an actin-binding protein which is expressed at highly levels in neurons. When introduced into fibroblasts, it has been known to bind to F-actin and to cause remodeling of F-actin. Here, we performed a domain analysis of the actin-binding and actin-remodeling activities of drebrin. Various fragments of drebrin cDNA were fused with green fluorescent protein cDNA and introduced into Chinese hamster ovary cells. Association of the fusion protein with F-actin and remodeling of the F-actin were examined. We found that the central 85-amino-acid sequence (residues 233-317) was sufficient for the binding to and remodeling of F-actin. The binding activity of this fragment was relatively low compared with that of full-length drebrin, but all the types of abnormalities of F-actin that are observed with full-length drebrin were also observed with this fragment. When this sequence was further fragmented, the actin-binding activity was greatly reduced and the actin-remodeling activity disappeared. The actin-binding activity of the central region of drebrin was confirmed by a cosedimentation assay of chymotryptic fragments of drebrin with purified actin. These data indicate that the actin-binding domain and actin-remodeling domain are identical and that this domain is located at the central region of drebrin.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University School of Medicine, 3-39-22 Showamachi, Maebashi, 371, Japan.
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Sunako T, Sakuraba W, Senda M, Akada S, Ishikawa R, Niizeki M, Harada T. An allele of the ripening-specific 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase gene (ACS1) in apple fruit with a long storage life. Plant Physiol 1999; 119:1297-304. [PMID: 10198088 PMCID: PMC32014 DOI: 10.1104/pp.119.4.1297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/1998] [Accepted: 12/15/1998] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
An allele of the 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) synthase gene (Md-ACS1), the transcript and translated product of which have been identified in ripening apples (Malus domestica), was isolated from a genomic library of the apple cultivar, Golden Delicious. The predicted coding region of this allele (ACS1-2) showed that seven nucleotide substitutions in the corresponding region of ACS1-1 resulted in just one amino acid transition. A 162-bp sequence characterized as a short interspersed repetitive element retrotransposon was inserted in the 5'-flanking region of ACS1-2 corresponding to position -781 in ACS1-1. The XhoI site located near the 3' end of the predicted coding region of ACS1-2 was absent from the reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction product, revealing that exclusive transcription from ACS1-1 occurs during ripening of cv Golden Delicious fruit. DNA gel-blot and polymerase chain reaction analyses of genomic DNAs showed clearly that apple cultivars were either heterozygous for ACS1-1 and ACS1-2 or homozygous for each type. RNA gel-blot analysis of the ACS1-2 homozygous Fuji apple, which produces little ethylene and has a long storage life, demonstrated that the level of transcription from ACS1-2 during the ripening stage was very low.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sunako
- Laboratory of Plant Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Agriculture and Life Science, Hirosaki University, Bunkyo-cho 3, Hirosaki, Japan
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Shimizu T, Akada S, Senda M, Ishikawa R, Harada T, Niizeki M, Dube SK. Enhanced expression and differential inducibility of soybean chalcone synthase genes by supplemental UV-B in dark-grown seedlings. Plant Mol Biol 1999; 39:785-95. [PMID: 10350092 DOI: 10.1023/a:1006124219945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/02/2023]
Abstract
By developing gene-specific RT-PCR and using filters to allow transmission down to 290 nm (UV-B+) or blocking all radiation below 320 nm (UV-B(-)), the effect of UV-B+ and UV-B- light on expression of each of the presently known seven members of soybean chalcone synthase (CHS) gene family in dark-grown seedlings was analyzed. Dark expression was detectable already in 18 h dark-germinating embryos, with progressive increases on successive days, suggesting that chs belongs to a class of genes expressed very early during germination, and that the expression at this stage is either constitutive or induced by non-light-dependent factors present in the seed or made available following imbibition. Exposure of 18 h dark-germinating embryos to UV-B- or to UV-B+ light did not lead to an increase in chs signal. However, the 24 h dark-germinating embryos showed a distinct effect of UV-B+, interestingly coinciding with the stage when the head of seedlings was in the process of being pushed up above ground by stem elongation, suggesting the possibility of a developmental switch modulating the appearance of UV-B response. The response to UV-B- was most prominent in chs1 and almost silent in chs2, while the up-regulation by UV-B+ was most prominent in chs5 and chs6 and much less so in chs2. Interestingly, chs2 was noted to be the only member of the Gmchs gene family devoid of H-box, raising the possibility that the H-box may be a good indicator of the photo-inducibility of a chs gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Shimizu
- Plant Breeding Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture, Hirosaki University, Japan
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41
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Ishikawa R, Yamashiro S, Kohama K, Matsumura F. Regulation of actin binding and actin bundling activities of fascin by caldesmon coupled with tropomyosin. J Biol Chem 1998; 273:26991-7. [PMID: 9756949 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.273.41.26991] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Human fascin is an actin-bundling protein and is thought to play a role in the formation of microfilament bundles of microspikes and stress fibers in cultured cells. To explore the regulation of fascin-actin interaction, we have examined the effects of culture cell caldesmon and tropomyosin (TM) on actin binding activity of human fascin. Caldesmon alone or TM alone has little or no effect on the actin binding of fascin. However, caldesmon together with TM completely inhibits actin binding of human fascin. When calmodulin is added, the inhibition of fascin-actin interaction by caldesmon and TM becomes Ca2+ dependent because Ca2+/calmodulin blocks actin binding of caldesmon. Furthermore, as phosphorylation of caldesmon by cdc2 kinase inhibits actin binding of caldesmon, phosphorylation can also control actin binding of fascin in the presence of TM. As expected by the inhibition of fascin-actin binding, caldesmon coupled with TM also inhibits actin bundling activity of fascin. Whereas smooth muscle caldesmon alone or TM alone shows no effect, caldesmon together with TM completely inhibits actin bundling activity of fascin. This inhibition is again Ca2+ dependent when calmodulin is added to the system. These results suggest important roles for caldesmon and TM in the regulation of the function of human fascin.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of Molecular Biology and Biochemistry, Nelson Laboratory, Busch Campus, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey 08854, USA
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Matsumoto K, Noguchi T, Ishikawa R, Mikami H, Mukai H, Fujisawa T. The surgical treatment of lung lacerations and major bronchial disruptions caused by blunt thoracic trauma. Surg Today 1998; 28:162-6. [PMID: 9525005 DOI: 10.1007/s005950050099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The records of 16 patients who suffered blunt thoracic trauma, causing lung lacerations in 13, bronchial disruptions in 2, and lung laceration with bronchial disruption in 1, were reviewed to investigate the correlations between clinical factors and prognosis. The causes of these injuries included 14 traffic accidents and 2 construction-related accidents, and the indications for surgery were massive bleeding in 12 patients, massive air leakage in 2, both in 1, and lung abscess in 1. Of the 16 patients, 11 (68.8%) underwent thoracotomy less than 4 h after admission, 3 (18.8%) underwent thoracotomy 4 to 24 h after admission, and 2 (12.5%) underwent thoracotomy 24 h or later after admission. The operative techniques included 1 pneumonectomy, 5 lobectomies, 2 bronchoplasties, and 8 minor repairs. The mortality rate was 43.7%, which included six early deaths occurring within 72 h of the trauma, and one late death. While major bronchial disruption is usually associated with a good prognosis, univariate and multivariate analyses demonstrated that intrapleural bleeding of 300 ml/h or more from time of trauma to chest tube drainage was significantly correlated with a poor prognosis. Moreover, an injury severity score (ISS) of 36 or more showed a trend toward a correlation with poor prognosis in patients with lung lacerations. Prompt thoracotomy will decrease mortality rate of patients suffering lung lacerations resulting in intrapleural bleeding of more than 300 ml/h.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Matsumoto
- Department of Surgery, Chiba Emergency Medical Center, Japan
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Aoyagi S, Akashi H, Kawara T, Ishihara K, Tanaka A, Kanaya S, Koga Y, Ishikawa R. Aortic root replacement for Takayasu arteritis associated with ulcerative colitis and ankylosing spondylitis--report of a case. Jpn Circ J 1998; 62:64-8. [PMID: 9559420 DOI: 10.1253/jcj.62.64] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A 26-year-old man was admitted for treatment of congestive heart failure resulting from aortic regurgitation. The patient had been on medical treatment for ulcerative colitis (UC) since he was 14 years old and for ankylosing spondylitis (AS) since he was 20 years old. On admission, gradients of blood pressure among the extremities were observed. Echocardiography revealed marked dilation of the left ventricle (LV), hypokinetic wall motion of the LV, slightly prolapsed aortic cusps with annular dilatation, and severe aortic regurgitation. Computed tomographic scans demonstrated an aneurysmal dilation of the ascending aorta and thickening of the descending and abdominal aortic wall. Digital subtraction angiography demonstrated an aneurysmal dilation of the ascending aorta; however, there was no clear evidence of steno-occlusive lesions in the brachiocephalic vessels. Blood studies showed positive inflammatory signs and negative rheumatoid factor. HLA typing showed A2, 24(9), B27, 67, Cw1, 7, and DR1, 2. Based on these data, the diagnosis of Takayasu arteritis associated with UC and AS was made. Aortic root replacement was performed. Steroid therapy was restarted immediately after surgery. Histologic studies of the aortic wall showed findings compatible with Takayasu arteritis. The combination of these rare diseases suggests that they have a common pathophysiologic background.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Aoyagi
- Department of Surgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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44
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Ishikawa R. [Regulation of actin-based cytoskeleton in the neuronal growth cone]. Seikagaku 1997; 69:1111-1115. [PMID: 9364880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- R Ishikawa
- Department of Pharmacology, Gunma University School of Medicine
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45
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Nishi N, Ishikawa R, Inoue H, Nishikawa M, Yoneya T, Kakeda M, Tsumura H, Ohashi H, Mori KJ. In vitro long-term culture of human primitive hematopoietic cells supported by murine stromal cell line MS-5. Leukemia 1997; 11 Suppl 3:468-73. [PMID: 9209428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
When Lin-CD34+CD38- cells from normal human cord blood were cocultured with MS-5, colony forming cells were maintained for over 8 weeks. Prevention of contact between MS-5 and Lin-CD34+CD38- cells by using a membrane filter was negligible for this activity, indicating that the activity of MS-5 on human primitive hematopoietic cells may be due to soluble factor(s) secreted from MS-5. We tried to purify this activity by a [3H]TdR incorporation assay. The activity was found in 150 kD fraction and was neutralized with anti-mSCF (stem cell factor) antibody. Another 20-30 kD fraction synergized with mSCF to stimulate the growth of Lin-CD34+CD38- cells but failed alone. This fraction supported the growth of the G-CSF (granulocyte-colony stimulating factor)-dependent cell line FD/GR3, FDC-P2 transfected with mG-CSF receptor cDNA. This synergy was canceled in the presence of soluble mG-CSF receptor. Addition of anti-mSCF antibody and soluble mG-CSF receptor to the culture completely abrogated the activity of MS-5-culture supernatant. These results indicate the activity of MS-5 on Lin-CD34+CD38- cells is due to synergistic effect of mSCF and mG-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory of Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd, Gunma, Japan
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46
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Su ZH, Tominaga O, Ohama T, Kajiwara E, Ishikawa R, Okada TS, Nakamura K, Osawa S. Parallel evolution in radiation of Ohomopterus ground beetles inferred from mitochondrial ND5 gene sequences. J Mol Evol 1996; 43:662-71. [PMID: 8995063 DOI: 10.1007/bf02202114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Molecular phylogenetic analyses using mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase subunit 5 (ND5) gene sequences representing all 15 species and the majority of subspecies or races of the Ohomopterus ground beetles from all over the Japanese archipelago have uncovered a remarkable evolutionary history. Clustering of the species in the molecular phylogenetic tree is linked to their geographic distribution and does not correlate with morphological characters. Taxonomically the "same" species or the members belonging to the same species-group fall out in more than two different places on the ND5 tree. Evidence has been presented against a possible participation of ancestral polymorphism and random lineage sorting or of hybrid individuals for the observed distribution of mitochondrial DNA haplotypes. The most plausible explanation of our results is that parallel evolution took place in different lineages. Most notably, O. dehaanii, O. yaconinus, and O. japonicus in a lineage reveal almost identical morphology with those of the "same" species (or subspecies) but belonging to the phylogenetically remote lineages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z H Su
- Biohistory Research Hall, Osaka, Japan
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47
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Hayashi K, Ishikawa R, Ye LH, He XL, Takata K, Kohama K, Shirao T. Modulatory role of drebrin on the cytoskeleton within dendritic spines in the rat cerebral cortex. J Neurosci 1996; 16:7161-70. [PMID: 8929425 PMCID: PMC6578938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Morphological changes in the dendritic spines have been postulated to participate in the expression of synaptic plasticity. The cytoskeleton is likely to play a key role in regulating spine structure. Here we examine the molecular mechanisms responsible for the changes in spine morphology, focusing on drebrin, an actin-binding protein that is known to change the properties of actin filaments. We found that adult-type drebrin is localized in the dendritic spines of rat forebrain neurons, where it binds to the cytoskeleton. To identify the cytoskeletal proteins that associated with drebrin, we isolated drebrin-containing cytoskeletons using immunoprecipitation with a drebrin antibody. Drebrin, actin, myosin, and gelsolin were co-precipitated. We next examined the effect of drebrin on actomyosin interaction. In vitro, drebrin reduced the sliding velocity of actin filaments on immobilized myosin and inhibited the actin-activated ATPase activity of myosin. These results suggest that drebrin may modulate the actomyosin interaction within spines and may play a role in the structure-based plasticity of synapses.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Hayashi
- Department of Neurobiology and Behavior, Gunma University School of Medicine, Japan
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48
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Salazar-Mather TP, Ishikawa R, Biron CA. NK cell trafficking and cytokine expression in splenic compartments after IFN induction and viral infection. The Journal of Immunology 1996. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.157.7.3054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to characterize mechanisms for NK cell cytokine delivery in vivo. Conditions of systemic IFN-beta expression elicited by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) treatment or IFN-alpha beta production during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or murine cytomegalovirus infections resulted in profound splenic histologic changes, with relocalization of nucleated cells from red to white pulp regions. Cell-trafficking experiments, with fluorescently labeled populations, showed that poly(I:C) induced T/B cell-dependent leukocyte migration into white pulp regions. Splenic leukocytes prepared from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and bone marrow cells prepared from SCID or normal C57BL/6 mice revealed a unique poly(I:C)-induced accumulation of non-T/non-B cells along splenic red and white pulp region borders characteristic of marginal zones. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and murine cytomegalovirus infections also induced this trafficking pattern. Ab treatments of normal and SCID cell donor mice to eliminate specific cell subsets demonstrated that the unique migration of non-T/non-B cells was dependent upon cells with the NK phenotype, NK1.1+ AGM1+F4/80-. In situ hybridization showed that, at early times after infections, small proportions of cells along red and white pulp divisions expressed high levels of IFN-gamma mRNA, and that these cells were depleted by protocols eliminating NK cells. The results suggest an exciting model for induction of NK cell trafficking from bone marrow to secondary compartments. This migratory pattern may localize NK cells to receive additional activation signals and/or to precisely deliver NK cell-produced cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Salazar-Mather
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - R Ishikawa
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
| | - C A Biron
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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49
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Salazar-Mather TP, Ishikawa R, Biron CA. NK cell trafficking and cytokine expression in splenic compartments after IFN induction and viral infection. J Immunol 1996; 157:3054-64. [PMID: 8816415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Studies were undertaken to characterize mechanisms for NK cell cytokine delivery in vivo. Conditions of systemic IFN-beta expression elicited by polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (poly(I:C)) treatment or IFN-alpha beta production during lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus or murine cytomegalovirus infections resulted in profound splenic histologic changes, with relocalization of nucleated cells from red to white pulp regions. Cell-trafficking experiments, with fluorescently labeled populations, showed that poly(I:C) induced T/B cell-dependent leukocyte migration into white pulp regions. Splenic leukocytes prepared from severe combined immunodeficient (SCID) and bone marrow cells prepared from SCID or normal C57BL/6 mice revealed a unique poly(I:C)-induced accumulation of non-T/non-B cells along splenic red and white pulp region borders characteristic of marginal zones. Lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus and murine cytomegalovirus infections also induced this trafficking pattern. Ab treatments of normal and SCID cell donor mice to eliminate specific cell subsets demonstrated that the unique migration of non-T/non-B cells was dependent upon cells with the NK phenotype, NK1.1+ AGM1+F4/80-. In situ hybridization showed that, at early times after infections, small proportions of cells along red and white pulp divisions expressed high levels of IFN-gamma mRNA, and that these cells were depleted by protocols eliminating NK cells. The results suggest an exciting model for induction of NK cell trafficking from bone marrow to secondary compartments. This migratory pattern may localize NK cells to receive additional activation signals and/or to precisely deliver NK cell-produced cytokines.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Blotting, Northern
- Cell Movement/drug effects
- Chemotaxis, Leukocyte
- Crosses, Genetic
- Cytokines/biosynthesis
- Cytokines/genetics
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/complications
- Cytomegalovirus Infections/immunology
- Cytotoxicity, Immunologic
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation/drug effects
- In Situ Hybridization
- Interferon Inducers/pharmacology
- Interferon-alpha/biosynthesis
- Interferon-alpha/genetics
- Interferon-gamma/biosynthesis
- Interferon-gamma/genetics
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/metabolism
- Killer Cells, Natural/physiology
- Lymphocyte Depletion
- Lymphocyte Subsets/immunology
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/complications
- Lymphocytic Choriomeningitis/immunology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, SCID
- Poly I-C/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/biosynthesis
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/complications
- Severe Combined Immunodeficiency/immunology
- Specific Pathogen-Free Organisms
- Spleen/immunology
- Spleen/ultrastructure
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Affiliation(s)
- T P Salazar-Mather
- Division of Biology and Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI 02912, USA
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50
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Nishi N, Ishikawa R, Inoue H, Nishikawa M, Kakeda M, Yoneya T, Tsumura H, Ohashi H, Yamaguchi Y, Motoki K, Sudo T, Mori KJ. Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor and stem cell factor are the crucial factors in long-term culture of human primitive hematopoietic cells supported by a murine stromal cell line. Exp Hematol 1996; 24:1312-21. [PMID: 8862442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
The findings that murine marrow stromal cell line MS-5 supported the proliferation of human lineage-negative (Lin-) CD34+CD38- bone marrow cells in long-term culture have been reported. In this study, we analyzed this proliferating activity of MS-5-conditioned medium (CM) on human primitive hematopoietic cells. When Lin-CD34+CD38- cells of normal human cord blood cells were co-cultured with MS-5, colony forming cells (CFCs) were maintained over 7 weeks in vitro. Prevention of contact between MS-5 and Lin-CD34+CD38- cells by using membrane filter (0.45 micron) was negligible for this activity. This indicated that the activity of MS-5 on human primitive hematopoietic cells is a soluble factor(s) secreted from MS-5, which is not induced by the contact between MS-5 and Lin-CD34+CD38- cells. We tried to purify this soluble activity. An active material with a molecular weight of about 150 kDa, determined by gel filtration chromatography, solely supported the growth of Lin-CD34+CD38- cells and Mo7e, a human megakaryocytic cell line. This activity not only reacted with anti-mouse stem cell factor (mSCF) antibody on Western blots, but it was also neutralized in the presence of anti-mSCF antibody. Another active material with a molecular weight of about 20-30 kDa synergized with mSCF to stimulate the growth of Lin-CD34+CD38- cells but failed to do so alone, although this synergy was inhibited in the presence of soluble mouse granulocyte-colony stimulating factor (mG-CSF) receptor, which is a chimeric protein consisting of the extracellular domain of mG-CSF receptor and the Fe region of human IgG1. In addition, the latter molecule supported the growth of the G-CSF dependent cell line FD/GR3, which is a murine myeloid leukemia cell line, FDC-P2, transfected with mG-CSF receptor cDNA. Adding of anti-mSCF antibody and soluble mG-CSF receptor to the culture completely abrogated the activity of MS-5-CM. Recombinant (r) mSCF and rmG-CSF had synergistic activity on the growth of Lin-CD34+CD38- cells. These results indicated that the activity on Lin-CD34+CD38- cells included in MS-5-CM is based upon the synergistic effects of mSCF and mG-CSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nishi
- Pharmaceutical Research Laboratory of Kirin Brewery Co., Ltd., Gunma, Japan
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