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Lewis JE, Nuzzaci D, James-Okoro PP, Montaner M, O'Flaherty E, Darwish T, Hayashi M, Liberles SD, Hornigold D, Naylor J, Baker D, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Stimulating intestinal GIP release reduces food intake and body weight in mice. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101945. [PMID: 38653401 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101945] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2024] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Glucose dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) is well established as an incretin hormone, boosting glucose-dependent insulin secretion. However, whilst anorectic actions of its sister-incretin glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) are well established, a physiological role for GIP in appetite regulation is controversial, despite the superior weight loss seen in preclinical models and humans with GLP-1/GIP dual receptor agonists compared with GLP-1R agonism alone. METHODS We generated a mouse model in which GIP expressing K-cells can be activated through hM3Dq Designer Receptor Activated by Designer Drugs (DREADD, GIP-Dq) to explore physiological actions of intestinally-released GIP. RESULTS In lean mice, Dq-stimulation of GIP expressing cells increased plasma GIP to levels similar to those found postprandially. The increase in GIP was associated with improved glucose tolerance, as expected, but also triggered an unexpected robust inhibition of food intake. Validating that this represented a response to intestinally-released GIP, the suppression of food intake was prevented by injecting mice peripherally or centrally with antagonistic GIPR-antibodies, and was reproduced in an intersectional model utilising Gip-Cre/Villin-Flp to limit Dq transgene expression to K-cells in the intestinal epithelium. The effects of GIP cell activation were maintained in diet induced obese mice, in which chronic K-cell activation reduced food intake and attenuated body weight gain. CONCLUSIONS These studies establish a physiological gut-brain GIP-axis regulating food intake in mice, adding to the multi-faceted metabolic effects of GIP which need to be taken into account when developing GIPR-targeted therapies for obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jo E Lewis
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Danae Nuzzaci
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Paula-Peace James-Okoro
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Mireia Montaner
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Elisabeth O'Flaherty
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marito Hayashi
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephen D Liberles
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - David Hornigold
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jacqueline Naylor
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - David Baker
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories & MRC-Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Golub M, Gätcke J, Subramanian S, Kölsch A, Darwish T, Howard JK, Feoktystov A, Matsarskaia O, Martel A, Porcar L, Zouni A, Pieper J. "Invisible" Detergents Enable a Reliable Determination of Solution Structures of Native Photosystems by Small-Angle Neutron Scattering. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:2824-2833. [PMID: 35384657 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c01591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Photosystems I (PSI) and II (PSII) are pigment-protein complexes capable of performing the light-induced charge separation necessary to convert solar energy into a biochemically storable form, an essential step in photosynthesis. Small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) is unique in providing structural information on PSI and PSII in solution under nearly physiological conditions without the need for crystallization or temperature decrease. We show that the reliability of the solution structure critically depends on proper contrast matching of the detergent belt surrounding the protein. Especially, specifically deuterated ("invisible") detergents are shown to be properly matched out in SANS experiments by a direct, quantitative comparison with conventional matching strategies. In contrast, protonated detergents necessarily exhibit incomplete matching so that related SANS results systematically overestimate the size of the membrane protein under study. While the solution structures obtained are close to corresponding high-resolution structures, we show that temperature and solution state lead to individual structural differences compared with high-resolution structures. We attribute these differences to the presence of a manifold of conformational substates accessible by protein dynamics under physiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Golub
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
| | - J Gätcke
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - S Subramanian
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Kölsch
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - T Darwish
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - J K Howard
- National Deuteration Facility, Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organization, New Illawarra Road, Lucas Heights, NSW 2234, Australia
| | - A Feoktystov
- Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH, Jülich Centre for Neutron Science (JCNS) at Heinz Maier-Leibnitz Zentrum (MLZ), Lichtenbergstr. 1, 85748 Garching, Germany
| | - O Matsarskaia
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Martel
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - L Porcar
- Institut Laue-Langevin, 71 Avenue des Martyrs CS 20156, 38042 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - A Zouni
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Philippstr. 13, 10115 Berlin, Germany
| | - J Pieper
- Institute of Physics, University of Tartu, Wilhelm Ostwald str. 1, 50411 Tartu, Estonia
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Roth E, Benoit S, Quentin B, Lam B, Will S, Ma M, Heeley N, Darwish T, Shrestha Y, Gribble F, Reimann F, Pshenichnaya I, Yeo G, Baker DJ, Trevaskis JL, Blouet C. Behavioural and neurochemical mechanisms underpinning the feeding-suppressive effect of GLP-1/CCK combinatorial therapy. Mol Metab 2021; 43:101118. [PMID: 33221554 PMCID: PMC7720077 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/11/2020] [Accepted: 11/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Combinatorial therapies are under intense investigation to develop more efficient anti-obesity drugs; however, little is known about how they act in the brain to produce enhanced anorexia and weight loss. The goal of this study was to identify the brain sites and neuronal populations engaged during the co-administration of GLP-1R and CCK1R agonists, an efficient combination therapy in obese rodents. METHODS We measured acute and long-term feeding and body weight responses and neuronal activation patterns throughout the neuraxis and in specific neuronal subsets in response to GLP-1R and CCK1R agonists administered alone or in combination in lean and high-fat diet fed mice. We used PhosphoTRAP to obtain unbiased molecular markers for neuronal populations selectively activated by the combination of the two agonists. RESULTS The initial anorectic response to GLP-1R and CCK1R co-agonism was mediated by a reduction in meal size, but over a few hours, a reduction in meal number accounted for the sustained feeding suppressive effects. The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is one of the few brain sites where GLP-1R and CCK1R signalling interact to produce enhanced neuronal activation. None of the previously categorised NTS neuronal subpopulations relevant to feeding behaviour were implicated in this increased activation. However, we identified NTS/AP Calcrl+ neurons as treatment targets. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these studies indicated that circuit-level integration of GLP-1R and CCK1R co-agonism in discrete brain nuclei including the NTS produces enhanced rapid and sustained appetite suppression and weight loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Roth
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Simon Benoit
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Baptiste Quentin
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Brian Lam
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Sarah Will
- Cardiovascular, Renal, and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Marcella Ma
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Nick Heeley
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Yashaswi Shrestha
- Early Oncology, Translational Medicine, MedImmune LLC, Gaithersburg, MD 20878, USA
| | - Fiona Gribble
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | | | - Giles Yeo
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - David J Baker
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | - James L Trevaskis
- Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Diseases, MedImmune Ltd., Cambridge, UK
| | - Clemence Blouet
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK.
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Tsang AH, Nuzzaci D, Darwish T, Samudrala H, Blouet C. Nutrient sensing in the nucleus of the solitary tract mediates non-aversive suppression of feeding via inhibition of AgRP neurons. Mol Metab 2020; 42:101070. [PMID: 32898712 PMCID: PMC7549147 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2020.101070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The nucleus of the solitary tract (NTS) is emerging as a major site of action for the appetite-suppressive effects of leading pharmacotherapies currently investigated to treat obesity. However, our understanding of how NTS neurons regulate appetite remains incomplete. OBJECTIVES In this study, we used NTS nutrient sensing as an entry point to characterize stimulus-defined neuronal ensembles engaged by the NTS to produce physiological satiety. METHODS We combined histological analysis, neuroanatomical assessment using inducible viral tracing tools, and functional tests to characterize hindbrain-forebrain circuits engaged by NTS leucine sensing to suppress hunger. RESULTS We found that NTS detection of leucine engages NTS prolactin-releasing peptide (PrRP) neurons to inhibit AgRP neurons via a population of leptin receptor-expressing neurons in the dorsomedial hypothalamus. This circuit is necessary for the anorectic response to NTS leucine, the appetite-suppressive effect of high-protein diets, and the long-term control of energy balance. CONCLUSIONS These results extend the integrative capability of AgRP neurons to include brainstem nutrient sensing inputs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthony H Tsang
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Danae Nuzzaci
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Havish Samudrala
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Clémence Blouet
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge, CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Adriaenssens AE, Biggs EK, Darwish T, Tadross J, Sukthankar T, Girish M, Polex-Wolf J, Lam BY, Zvetkova I, Pan W, Chiarugi D, Yeo GSH, Blouet C, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Glucose-Dependent Insulinotropic Polypeptide Receptor-Expressing Cells in the Hypothalamus Regulate Food Intake. Cell Metab 2019; 30:987-996.e6. [PMID: 31447324 PMCID: PMC6838660 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2019.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 150] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2018] [Revised: 06/28/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Ambiguity regarding the role of glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide (GIP) in obesity arises from conflicting reports asserting that both GIP receptor (GIPR) agonism and antagonism are effective strategies for inhibiting weight gain. To enable identification and manipulation of Gipr-expressing (Gipr) cells, we created Gipr-Cre knockin mice. As GIPR-agonists have recently been reported to suppress food intake, we aimed to identify central mediators of this effect. Gipr cells were identified in the arcuate, dorsomedial, and paraventricular nuclei of the hypothalamus, as confirmed by RNAscope in mouse and human. Single-cell RNA-seq identified clusters of hypothalamic Gipr cells exhibiting transcriptomic signatures for vascular, glial, and neuronal cells, the latter expressing somatostatin but little pro-opiomelanocortin or agouti-related peptide. Activation of Gq-DREADDs in hypothalamic Gipr cells suppressed food intake in vivo, which was not obviously additive with concomitant GLP1R activation. These data identify hypothalamic GIPR as a target for the regulation of energy balance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice E Adriaenssens
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Emma K Biggs
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - John Tadross
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Tanmay Sukthankar
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Milind Girish
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Joseph Polex-Wolf
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Brain Y Lam
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Ilona Zvetkova
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Warren Pan
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Davide Chiarugi
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Giles S H Yeo
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Clemence Blouet
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
| | - Frank Reimann
- Metabolic Research Laboratories, Wellcome Trust MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Hills Road, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK.
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Dye FS, Larraufie P, Kay R, Darwish T, Rievaj J, Goldspink DA, Meek CL, Middleton SJ, Hardwick RH, Roberts GP, Percival-Alwyn JL, Vaughan T, Ferraro F, Challis BG, O'Rahilly S, Groves M, Gribble FM, Reimann F. Characterisation of proguanylin expressing cells in the intestine - evidence for constitutive luminal secretion. Sci Rep 2019; 9:15574. [PMID: 31666564 PMCID: PMC6821700 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-52049-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Guanylin, a peptide implicated in regulation of intestinal fluid secretion, is expressed in the mucosa, but the exact cellular origin remains controversial. In a new transgenic mouse model fluorescent reporter protein expression driven by the proguanylin promoter was observed throughout the small intestine and colon in goblet and Paneth(-like) cells and, except in duodenum, in mature enterocytes. In Ussing chamber experiments employing both human and mouse intestinal tissue, proguanylin was released predominantly in the luminal direction. Measurements of proguanylin expression and secretion in cell lines and organoids indicated that secretion is largely constitutive and requires ER to Golgi transport but was not acutely regulated by salt or other stimuli. Using a newly-developed proguanylin assay, we found plasma levels to be raised in humans after total gastrectomy or intestinal transplantation, but largely unresponsive to nutrient ingestion. By LC-MS/MS we identified processed forms in tissue and luminal extracts, but in plasma we only detected full-length proguanylin. Our transgenic approach provides information about the cellular origins of proguanylin, complementing previous immunohistochemical and in-situ hybridisation results. The identification of processed forms of proguanylin in the intestinal lumen but not in plasma supports the notion that the primary site of action is the gut itself.
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Affiliation(s)
- Florent Serge Dye
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Pierre Larraufie
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard Kay
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Juraj Rievaj
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Dosage Form Design & Development, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Deborah A Goldspink
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Claire L Meek
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen J Middleton
- Department of Gastroenterology, Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - Richard H Hardwick
- Barrett's Oesophagus and Oesophago-gastric Cancer, Gastroenterology Services, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Geoffrey P Roberts
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | | | - Tris Vaughan
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Franco Ferraro
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Benjamin G Challis
- Research and Early Development, Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolism, BioPharmaceuticals R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - Stephen O'Rahilly
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maria Groves
- Department of Antibody Discovery and Protein Engineering, R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK.
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- Wellcome/MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.
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Rule KC, Mole RA, Zanardo J, Krause-Heuer A, Darwish T, Lerch M, Yu D. Measuring the excitations in a new S = 1/2 quantum spin chain material with competing interactions. J Phys Condens Matter 2018; 30:215602. [PMID: 29651987 DOI: 10.1088/1361-648x/aabdf9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Recently a new one-dimensional (1D) quantum spin chain system has been reported: catena-dichloro(2-Cl-3Mpy)copper(II), (where 2-Cl-3Mpy=2-chloro-3-methylpyridine). Preliminary calculations and bulk magnetic property measurements indicate that this system does not undergo magnetic ordering down to 1.8 K and is a prime candidate for investigating frustration in a J 1/J 2 system (where the nearest neighbour interactions, J 1, are ferromagnetic and the next nearest neighbour interactions, J 2, are antiferromagnetic). Calculations predicted three possible magnetic interaction strengths for J 1 below 6 meV depending on the orientation of the ligand. For one of the predicted J 1 values, the existence of a quantum critical point is implied. A deuterated sample of catena-dichloro(2-Cl-3Mpy)copper(II) was synthesised and the excitations measured using inelastic neutron scattering. Scattering indicated the most likely scenario involves spin-chains where each chain consists of only one of the three possible magnetic excitations in this material, rather than the completely random array of exchange interactions within each chain as predicted by Herringer et al (2014 Chem. Eur. J. 20 8355-62). This indicates the possibility of tuning the chemical structure to favour a system which may exhibit a quantum critical point.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Rule
- Australian Nuclear Science and Technology Organisation, Locked bag 2001, Kirrawee DC, NSW 2232, Australia. School of Physics, Northfields Ave, University of Wollongong, NSW 2522, Australia
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8
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Heeley N, Kirwan P, Darwish T, Arnaud M, Evans ML, Merkle FT, Reimann F, Gribble FM, Blouet C. Rapid sensing of l-leucine by human and murine hypothalamic neurons: Neurochemical and mechanistic insights. Mol Metab 2018; 10:14-27. [PMID: 29439854 PMCID: PMC5985239 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2018.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2018] [Revised: 01/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/29/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Dietary proteins are sensed by hypothalamic neurons and strongly influence multiple aspects of metabolic health, including appetite, weight gain, and adiposity. However, little is known about the mechanisms by which hypothalamic neural circuits controlling behavior and metabolism sense protein availability. The aim of this study is to characterize how neurons from the mediobasal hypothalamus respond to a signal of protein availability: the amino acid l-leucine. Methods We used primary cultures of post-weaning murine mediobasal hypothalamic neurons, hypothalamic neurons derived from human induced pluripotent stem cells, and calcium imaging to characterize rapid neuronal responses to physiological changes in extracellular l-Leucine concentration. Results A neurochemically diverse subset of both mouse and human hypothalamic neurons responded rapidly to l-leucine. Consistent with l-leucine's anorexigenic role, we found that 25% of mouse MBH POMC neurons were activated by l-leucine. 10% of MBH NPY neurons were inhibited by l-leucine, and leucine rapidly reduced AGRP secretion, providing a mechanism for the rapid leucine-induced inhibition of foraging behavior in rodents. Surprisingly, none of the candidate mechanisms previously implicated in hypothalamic leucine sensing (KATP channels, mTORC1 signaling, amino-acid decarboxylation) were involved in the acute activity changes produced by l-leucine. Instead, our data indicate that leucine-induced neuronal activation involves a plasma membrane Ca2+ channel, whereas leucine-induced neuronal inhibition is mediated by inhibition of a store-operated Ca2+ current. Conclusions A subset of neurons in the mediobasal hypothalamus rapidly respond to physiological changes in extracellular leucine concentration. Leucine can produce both increases and decreases in neuronal Ca2+ concentrations in a neurochemically-diverse group of neurons, including some POMC and NPY/AGRP neurons. Our data reveal that leucine can signal through novel mechanisms to rapidly affect neuronal activity. A neurochemically diverse group of mouse and human hypothalamic neurons rapidly sense and respond to l-leucine. Leucine can produce neuronal activation or neuronal inhibition via distinct and novel Ca2+ signaling mechanisms. Leucine activates 25% ARH POMC neurons. Leucine inhibits 10% ARH NPY/AGRP neurons and reduces AGRP secretion from fasted mediobasal hypothalamic slices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicholas Heeley
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Peter Kirwan
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Tamana Darwish
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Marion Arnaud
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Mark L Evans
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Florian T Merkle
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Frank Reimann
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Fiona M Gribble
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK
| | - Clemence Blouet
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 OQQ, UK.
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Burke LK, Darwish T, Cavanaugh AR, Virtue S, Roth E, Morro J, Liu SM, Xia J, Dalley JW, Burling K, Chua S, Vidal-Puig T, Schwartz GJ, Blouet C. mTORC1 in AGRP neurons integrates exteroceptive and interoceptive food-related cues in the modulation of adaptive energy expenditure in mice. eLife 2017; 6. [PMID: 28532548 PMCID: PMC5441868 DOI: 10.7554/elife.22848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Energy dissipation through interscapular brown adipose tissue (iBAT) thermogenesis is an important contributor to adaptive energy expenditure. However, it remains unresolved how acute and chronic changes in energy availability are detected by the brain to adjust iBAT activity and maintain energy homeostasis. Here, we provide evidence that AGRP inhibitory tone to iBAT represents an energy-sparing circuit that integrates environmental food cues and internal signals of energy availability. We establish a role for the nutrient-sensing mTORC1 signaling pathway within AGRP neurons in the detection of environmental food cues and internal signals of energy availability, and in the bi-directional control of iBAT thermogenesis during nutrient deficiency and excess. Collectively, our findings provide insights into how mTORC1 signaling within AGRP neurons surveys energy availability to engage iBAT thermogenesis, and identify AGRP neurons as a neuronal substrate for the coordination of energy intake and adaptive expenditure under varying physiological and environmental contexts. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22848.001 Losing weight through dieting can be difficult. Weight loss strategies often prove ineffective because the body works like a thermostat and couples what we eat to the number of calories we burn. When we eat less, our bodies compensate and burn fewer calories, which makes losing weight harder. The brain is the master regulator of this caloric thermostat, but it is not clear how it adjusts our energy expenditure to account for how much we have eaten. A structure deep within the brain called the hypothalamus, which helps regulate appetite, is thought to be involved in the caloric thermostat. Activating a group of neurons within the hypothalamus called the agouti-related neuropeptide (AGRP) neurons causes animals to consume large quantities of food. By contrast, inhibiting AGRP neurons causes animals to stop eating almost entirely. Burke et al. studied AGRP neurons in mice. The experiments show that artificially activating the neurons in mice that don’t have access to food increases the animals’ activity levels but reduces the rate at which they burn calories, which helps the mice to maintain their existing weight. Allowing the mice to eat, or even just to see and smell food, switches off this effect and returns energy expenditure to normal. Finally, exposing mice to a high-fat diet for several days inhibits their AGRP neurons, and causes the animals to burn calories at a faster rate. By using up excess calories, this change also helps the animals maintain their existing body weight. The findings of Burke et al. show that AGRP neurons are a key component of the caloric thermostat. By adjusting the rate at which the body burns calories, AGRP neurons can compensate for any changes in food intake and so limit changes in body weight. This work opens up the possibility of developing therapies that disconnect energy expenditure from energy intake to help maintain long-term weight loss. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.22848.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Luke K Burke
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Tamana Darwish
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Althea R Cavanaugh
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Sam Virtue
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Emma Roth
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Morro
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Shun-Mei Liu
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Jing Xia
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey W Dalley
- Department of Psychology, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Psychiatry, Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Keith Burling
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Streamson Chua
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Toni Vidal-Puig
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Gary J Schwartz
- Departments of Medicine and Neuroscience, The Albert Einstein College of Medicine, New York, United States
| | - Clémence Blouet
- MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.,WT-MRC Institute of Metabolic Science, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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10
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Zekri J, Al-Shehri A, Mahrous M, Al-Rehaily S, Darwish T, Bassi S, El Taani H, Al Zahrani A, Elsamany S, Al-Maghrabi J, Sadiq BB. Mutations in codons 12 and 13 of K-ras exon 2 in colorectal tumors of Saudi Arabian patients: frequency, clincopathological associations, and clinical outcomes. Genet Mol Res 2017; 16:gmr-16-01-gmr.16019369. [PMID: 28218784 DOI: 10.4238/gmr16019369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Mutations in codons 12/13 of K-ras exon 2 are associated with reduced benefit from anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Here, we evaluated the frequency of K-ras mutations and their relationship with clinicopathological features and treatment outcomes in Saudi Arabian patients with CRC. The genetic status of K-ras was determined in 300 patients diagnosed with CRC. Clinical information was collected retrospectively. K-ras was wild-type in 58% and mutated in 42% of the tumors. Most mutations were at codon 12 (89%) and were associated with metastasis [odds ratio (OR) = 1.38 (95%CI = 1.14-1.67] and occurrence of >40 µg/L carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA) [OR = 1.33 (1.1-1.74)] during diagnosis. Patients in stages I-III of the disease with wild-type K-ras tumors had a median relapse free survival (RFS) of 29 months in contrast to 22 months for those with the mutated K-ras tumor (P = 0.0357). In multivariate analysis, only the stage of the disease significantly predicted RFS (P = 0.001). Patients in stage IV of CRC with the wild-type K-ras tumor did not reach the median overall survival (OS), whereas patients with the mutated K-ras tumor survived for 23.5 months (P = 0.044). CEA level >40 µg/L (P = 0.004) and status of K-ras (P = 0.044) were independent predictors of OS. This is the largest study investigating K-ras mutations in patients with CRC in the Middle East. Mutations were associated with advanced stage of CRC, higher serum CEA, shorter RFS and OS.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zekri
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia .,College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Al-Shehri
- National Guard Hospital, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mahrous
- King Fahad Hospital, Oncology, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Al-Rehaily
- National Guard Hospital, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Darwish
- King Abdullah Medical City and Oncology Center, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Bassi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H El Taani
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Al Zahrani
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Elsamany
- King Abdullah Medical City, Oncology, Mekkah, Saudi Arabia.,Oncology Centre, Mansoura University, Mansoura, Egypt
| | - J Al-Maghrabi
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia.,Department of Pathology, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - B B Sadiq
- King Faisal Specialist Hospital Research Centre, Oncology, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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11
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Zekri J, Mokhtar M, Karim SM, Darwish T, Al-Foheidi M, Rizvi A, Al-Rehaily S, Mahrous M, Mansour M. Lapatinib-based therapy for women with advanced/metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer. Exp Oncol 2015; 37:146-150. [PMID: 26112944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lapatinib alone or in combination with other agents, mostly capecitabine is used for patients with advanced/metastatic HER2 positive breast cancer (HER2(+)BC) after progression on trastuzumab based therapy. Here we report our experience with lapatinib based therapy in this setting. MATERIAL AND METHODS 67 consecutive patients received lapatinib based therapy. 58 (86.6%) received lapatinib + capecitabine (LC), 7 (10.4%) with other agents and 2 (3.0%) as single agent lapatinib. Data was collected from patients' records retrospectively. RESULTS Objective response to lapatinib based therapy in 64 evaluable patients was 64.0% in all patients and 64.0% in patients who received LC. Median progression free survival and overall survival were 10 and 27 months in all patients and 10 and 17 months in patients who received LC, respectively. 16 (24.0%) patients had dose delay > 1 week and/or dose reduction. CONCLUSION Lapatinib based therapy is an effective treatment for women with advanced/metastatic HER2(+)BC after prior exposure to trastuzumab. It yields meaningful response rates, progression free and overall survival. Some patients require dose adjustments.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Zekri
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mokhtar
- Department of Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City and Oncology Center, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - S M Karim
- College of Medicine, Al-Faisal University, Riyadh 11533, Saudi Arabia
| | - T Darwish
- Department of Oncology, King Abdullah Medical City and Oncology Center, Makkah 21955, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Al-Foheidi
- Department of Oncology, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - A Rizvi
- Department of Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Centre, Jeddah 21499, Saudi Arabia
| | - S Al-Rehaily
- Department of Oncology, National Guard Hospital, Jeddah 21423, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mahrous
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, King Fahad Hospital, Madinah 42351, Saudi Arabia
| | - M Mansour
- Department of Oncology, Erfan Hospital, Jeddah 23442, Saudi Arabia
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12
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El Samad O, Baydoun R, Nsouli B, Darwish T. Determination of natural and artificial radioactivity in soil at North Lebanon province. J Environ Radioact 2013; 125:36-39. [PMID: 23498968 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2013.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2012] [Revised: 01/28/2013] [Accepted: 02/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
The concentrations of natural and artificial radionuclides at 57 sampling locations along the North Province of Lebanon are reported. The samples were collected from uncultivated areas in a region not previously reported. The samples were analyzed by gamma spectrometers with High Purity Germanium detectors of 30% and 40% relative efficiency. The activity concentrations of primordial naturally occurring radionuclides of (238)U, (232)Th, and (40)K varied between 4-73 Bq kg(-1), 5-50 Bq kg(-1), and 57-554 Bq kg(-1) respectively. The surface activity concentrations due to the presence of these radionuclides were calculated and Kriging-geostatistical method was used to plot the obtained data on the Lebanese radioactive map. The results for (238)U, (232)Th, and (40)K ranged from 0.2 kBq m(-2) to 9 kBq m(-2), from 0.2 kBq m(-2) to 3 kBq m(-2), and from 3 kBq m(-2) to 29 kBq m(-2) respectively. For the anthropogenic radionuclides, the activity concentrations of (137)Cs founded in soil ranged from 2 Bq kg(-1) to 113 Bq kg(-1), and the surface activity concentration from 0.1 kBq m(-2) to 5 kBq m(-2). The total absorbed gamma dose rates in air from natural and artificial radionuclides in these locations were calculated. The minimum value was 6 nGy h(-1) and the highest one was 135 nGy h(-1) with an average of 55 nGy h(-1) in which the natural terrestrial radiation contributes in 99% and the artificial radionuclides mainly (137)Cs contributes only in 1%. The total effective dose calculated varied in the range of 7 μSv y(-1) and 166 μSv y(-1) while the average value was 69 μSv y(-1) which is below the permissible limit 1000 μSv y(-1).
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Affiliation(s)
- O El Samad
- Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission, Environmental Radiation Control, National Council for Scientific Research, Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut 1107 2260, Lebanon.
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13
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Elrehim AA, Fekry O, Elaziz A, Fathalah W, Elbary MA, Darwish T. Prospective study evaluating the value of subjective global assessment and national risk score 2002 for post-operative risk detection in living related donor liver transplant recipients. OJGas 2013; 03:119-127. [DOI: 10.4236/ojgas.2013.32020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
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14
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Abulkhair O, Uslu R, Sezgin C, Büyükberber S, Darwish T, Isikdogan A, Gumus M, Dane F, Sevinc A, Halawani H, Uncu D, Marrero N, Tobler J, Soares C, Landis S, Moraes E, Gidekel R, Santillana S, Nunez P, Cagnolati S, Rodriguez JG. Abstract OT1-1-08: Clinical outcomes among ErbB2+ MBC patients treated with lapatinib-capecitabine after trastuzumab progression: Role of early switch to lapatinib (TYCO study). Cancer Res 2012. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs12-ot1-1-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Lapatinib in combination with capecitabine is a standard of care treatment for ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer (MBC) patients who have progressed after anthracyclines, taxanes and trastuzumab treatment. Results from the lapatinib pivotal trial showed that the addition of lapatinib to capecitabine increased median time to progression (TTP) even among heavily pre-treated patients (median of 4 prior lines of therapy). A post-hoc exploratory sub-group analysis of this trial suggested that earlier administration of lapatinib-capecitabine in MBC patients who progress after trastuzumab may produce better clinical outcomes. The TYCO study was designed to evaluate if early initiation of lapatinib-capecitabine in patients with ErbB2+ MBC who have progressed on trastuzumab-containing regimen improves TTP in comparison with a delayed start of the therapy.
Trial design: TYCO is an international, multicenter, prospective, observational study in 269 ErbB2+ MBC patients whose disease has progressed after treatment with trastuzumab in the metastatic setting. Two cohorts will be compared; Group 1: patients receiving lapatinib-capecitabine just after the first trastuzumab progression, and Group 2: patients receiving lapatinib-capecitabine after two or more lines of treatment after first trastuzumab progression. The study duration is of 12 months with data collection at baseline and approximately every 3 months thereafter.
Major Eligibility Criteria: 1. Females ≥18y with confirmed ErbB2+ MBC who have progressed after a previous trastuzumab-containing regimen,2. Pts eligible for standard therapy with lapatinib-capecitabine at approved conventional doses, as per local approved label.3. Pts eligible to start standard treatment with Lapatinib-capecitabine at conventional doses, or receiving standard treatment with Lapatinib-capecitabine at conventional doses, for no longer than 10 weeks from the start of the treatment to the date of inclusion in the study;
Aims: Primary objective of this study is to determine if early switch to lapatinib-capecitabine in patients with ErbB2+ metastatic breast cancer who have progressed on trastuzumab containing regimen improves time to disease progression as determined by treating physician either clinically or radiologically. Secondary objectives include overall response rate and overall survival.
Statistical Methods: Kaplan-Meier plots will be used to describe the median TTP after start of lapatinib-capecetabine. Cox proportional hazard model will be developed to estimate the adjusted hazard ratio (and 95% confidence intervals) comparing TTP for the two treatment group using propensity score methods (trimmed sample, adjustment for the continuous propensity score measure, and doubly robust adjustment) to adjust for potential confounding by indication that may arise due to the non-randomised design.
Present and Target Accrual: Enrollment began in February 2010, and as per May 2012, 266 patients have been included from Turkey, Venezuela, Argentina, Saudi Arabia and Colombia.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2012;72(24 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-1-08.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Abulkhair
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Uslu
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Sezgin
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Büyükberber
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - T Darwish
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Isikdogan
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - M Gumus
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - F Dane
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - A Sevinc
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - H Halawani
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - D Uncu
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - N Marrero
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - J Tobler
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - C Soares
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Landis
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - E Moraes
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - R Gidekel
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Santillana
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - P Nunez
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - S Cagnolati
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - JG Rodriguez
- Ege University Medical Faculty, Izmir, Turkey; Gazi University Medical Faculty, Ankara, Turkey; King Abdulaziz Medical City National Guard Health Affairs, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia; King Abdullah Medical City - Oncology Centre, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia; Dicle University Medical Faculty, Diyarbakir, Turkey; Kartal Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Marmara University Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul, Turkey; Gaziantep University Medical Faculty, Gaziantep, Turkey; King Fahad Specialist Hospital, Dammam, Saudi Arabia; Numune Training and Research Hosptial, Ankara, Turkey; Instituto Docente de Urología, Valencia, Venezuela; GlaxoSmithKline, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil; GlaxoSmithKline, Buenos Aires, Argentina; GlaxoSmithKline, Stockley Park, United Kingdom; Hospital Oncológico Padre Machado, Caracas, Venezuela; Centro Oncologico-FIDES-La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
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Darwish T, Luks E, Moraes G, Gillon M, Hunt T, Hanley T, James M, Holden P. Deuteration of oleic acid, lipids and other molecules for neutron studies. Acta Crystallogr A 2011. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767311095481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Safadi N, Alqadah F, Andejani A, Muhayawi S, Hussain M, Ghamdi S, Darwish T, Najmuddin M, Eid H, Quraishi K. Chimiothérapie première par docétaxel, cisplatine, et 5-fluoro-uracile suivie de chimioradiothérapie concomitante dans le traitement du cancer du nasopharynx localement évolué. Cancer Radiother 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.canrad.2006.09.084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Alqadah FD, Alsafadi N, Shukla V, Andejani A, Hussain M, Malaker K, Darwish T, Qureishi K, Vijayananda K, Eid H. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. The experience of Princess Nourah Oncology Center (POC), Jeddah. J Clin Oncol 2005. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2005.23.16_suppl.5597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- F. D. Alqadah
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - N. Alsafadi
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - V. Shukla
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - A. Andejani
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - M. Hussain
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Malaker
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - T. Darwish
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Qureishi
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - K. Vijayananda
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
| | - H. Eid
- King Khalid Hosp-Princess Nourah Oncology Ctr, Jeddah, Saudi Arabia
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Thomas JP, Nsouli B, Darwish T, Fallavier M, Khoury R, Wehbé N. Assessment of the plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry technique for pesticide adsorption and degradation on 'as-received' treated soil samples. Rapid Commun Mass Spectrom 2005; 19:2379-89. [PMID: 16047317 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.2068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
The assessment of the plasma desorption time-of-flight mass spectrometry (PD-TOFMS) technique as a tool for direct characterization of pesticides adsorbed on agricultural soil is made for the first time in this study. Pellets of soils impregnated by solutions of three pesticides, namely norflurazon, malathion and oxyfluorfen, as well as deposits of these solutions onto aluminum surfaces, were investigated to this end. The yield values of the most characteristic peaks of the negative ion mass spectra were used to determine both the lowest concentrations detected on soils and limits of detection from thin films. The lowest values on soils are for malathion (1000 ppm range), and the largest for norflurazon (20,000 ppm), which is close to the limit of detection (LOD) found for the pesticide on the aluminum substrate (approximately 0.2 microg . cm(-2)). Different behaviors were observed as a function of time of storage in the ambient atmosphere or under vacuum; norflurazon adsorbed on soil exhibited high stability for a long period of time, and a rapid degradation of malathion with the elapsed time was clearly observed. The behavior of oxyfluorfen was also investigated but segregation processes seem to occur after several days. Although by far less sensitive than conventional methods based on extraction processes and used for real-world analytical applications, this technique is well suited to the study of the transformations occurring at the sample surface. A discussion is presented of the future prospects of such experiments in degradation studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- J P Thomas
- Institut de Physique Nucléaire de Lyon (IN2P3), Université Claude Bernard Lyon I, 43 Boulevard du 11 novembre 1918, 69622 Villeurbane Cedex, France
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Khaled HM, Zekri ZK, Mokhtar N, Ali NM, Darwish T, Elattar I, Gaafar R, Moawad MS. A randomized EPOCH vs. CHOP front-line therapy for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients: long-term results. Ann Oncol 1999; 10:1489-92. [PMID: 10643541 DOI: 10.1023/a:1008395014398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The value of continuous-infusion chemotherapy (EPOCH) vs. the standard CHOP combination was evaluated in 78 patients with previously untreated aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma in a randomized phase III clinical trial. PATIENTS AND METHODS The EPOCH regimen given to 38 patients consisted of the drugs etoposide (50 mg/m2), vincristine (0.4 mg/m2), and doxorubicin (10 mg/m2), all given in a continuous infusion on days 1-4. Cyclophosphamide (750 mg/m2) was administered on day 6 as i.v. bolus, while prednisone was given orally 60 mg/m2 on days 1-6. Courses were repeated every three weeks. CHOP was given to 40 patients as routinely prescribed. RESULTS Forty-eight patients were males and thirty were females. Their ages ranged from 19-75 years (median 45 years). Forty-three (55%) had grade 2 and thirty-five (45%) had grade 3 pathologic subtype. Nine patients (12%) presented with stage I, fourteen (18%) with stage II, forty (51%) with stage III, and fifteen (19%) with stage IV disease. The different clinico-pathologic characteristics, including international index categories, were comparable in the two groups. The number of courses given ranged between 3 and 9 (median 6) for both the EPOCH and CHOP regimens. Complete remission (CR) was achieved in 19 (50%), and 27 (67%) of the 38 and 40 patients for both the EPOCH and CHOP combinations, respectively. After a median observation time of 27 months, the four-year overall and failure-free survival rates were 42% and 30% for the EPOCH and 71% and 54% for the CHOP regimen (P = 0.006 and 0.1 for the overall and FFS rates, respectively). Toxicities were comparable and were mostly of grades 1 and 2, except for hair loss, hematologic toxicities, and infectious episodes which were more common in the EPOCH group. In the EPOCH group, overall survival rates were 55% vs. 22% (P < 0.04) at four years for the low-risk (2 prognostic factors) and high-risk (> 2 factors) groups, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Thus, it may be concluded that continuous-infusion (EPOCH) chemotherapy did not improve treatment outcome over that of the CHOP regimen for aggressive non-Hodgkin's lymphoma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- H M Khaled
- Department of Medical Oncology, National Cancer Institute, Cairo, Egypt.
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