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Ogunmuyiwa J, Niño I, Kang T, Shechtman KR, Balogun OD, Ashamalla H. Increasing Accrual of Racial and Ethnic Minorities in Breast Cancer Clinical Trials by Partnering with Community Hospitals. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 2023; 117:e45. [PMID: 37785448 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijrobp.2023.06.746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/04/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE/OBJECTIVE(S) Clinical trials provide the highest level of evidence in evaluating the safety and efficacy of new radiation approaches for breast cancer. However, there is a significant lack of racial and ethnic diversity among participants who are enrolled. This discrepancy in research inclusion leads to limitations in applying clinical data, therapeutic indices, technique safety, and toxicity to a diverse patient population. A community-based approach, such as the inclusion of community hospitals in trial enrollment, has been shown to boost participation within these underserved populations. The aim of this study was to evaluate the rate of enrollment of racial and ethnic minorities in breast cancer clinical trials with the inclusion of community hospitals within an NYC hospital system. MATERIALS/METHODS Trial enrollment of breast cancer patients at 3 hospitals was retrospectively assessed. Patient demographics, including age, race, and ethnicity, were compared by enrollment setting. Eligible trials included prospective, randomized clinical trials assessing breast cancer irradiation. Participating hospitals included an academic hospital in Manhattan (MH), and 2 community hospitals in Brooklyn (BH) and Queens (QH). Collectively, these hospitals have a catchment area of 6.2 million, of which 35.2% are White, 19.7% are Asian, 18.3% are Black/African American (B/AA), and 21.2% are Hispanic/Latino (H/L). There is a wide demographic variety within this catchment area. BH serves neighborhoods with a B/AA population as high as 85% and QH serves neighborhoods with an Asian population as high as 54%. RESULTS From January to December 2022, 146 patients were enrolled in 4 breast cancer trials opened at MH (59.6%, n = 87), BH (28.8%, n = 42), and QH (11.6%, n = 17). The average age was 63.3 (SD = 12.1). Of all patients enrolled, 52.7% identified as White, 23.2% as B/AA, 13% as Asian, and 8.9% as H/L. Of the patients enrolled at MH, 64.4% identified as White, 12.6% as B/AA, 8% as Asian, and 8% as H/L. At BH, 50% identified as B/AA, 38% as White, 4.7% as Asian, and 11.9% as H/L. At QH, 58.8% identified as Asian, 29.4% as White, and 11.8% as B/AA. B/AA (OR = 4.41, 95% CI, 1.94-10.03; p<.01) and Asian (OR = 2.92, 95% CI, 1.07-7.93; p<.05) patients were more likely to be enrolled at a community hospital when compared to an academic hospital. There was no difference in enrollment rates between campuses for H/L patients (OR = 1.29, 95% CI, 0.41-4.06; p = .66). CONCLUSION Enrollment of participants from underrepresented racial and ethnic populations in clinical trials is critical to ensuring health equity. These findings suggest partnerships with community hospitals located in underserved populations can be a strategy to improve diversity among clinical trial participants. As it is well-documented that community hospitals can deliver high quality research with similar trial metrics to larger, academic hospitals, partnerships with community hospitals are a feasible way to reduce disparities in breast cancer research.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ogunmuyiwa
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - I Niño
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - T Kang
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - K R Shechtman
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
| | - O D Balogun
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY; Department of Radiation Oncology, Weill Cornell Medicine, New York, NY
| | - H Ashamalla
- New York Presbyterian Brooklyn Methodist Hospital, Brooklyn, NY
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Kim HJ, Lee HS, Kazmi SZ, Hann HJ, Kang T, Cha J, Choi S, Swan H, Kim H, Lee YS, Ahn HS. Familial risk for endometriosis and its interaction with smoking, age at menarche and body mass index: a population-based cohort study among siblings. BJOG 2021; 128:1938-1948. [PMID: 34028167 DOI: 10.1111/1471-0528.16769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To quantify familial risk of endometriosis among full siblings and examine interactions between family history and smoking, age at menarche or body mass index (BMI). DESIGN, SETTING AND POPULATION Population-based nationwide cohort study. METHODS Using data from the Korean National Health Insurance and Screening Programme databases on kinship, healthcare utilisation, lifestyle and anthropometrics, we identified 2 109 288 women with full siblings and their environmental risk factors from 2002 to 2018. Familial risks were estimated using Cox proportional-hazards models, represented as incidence risk ratios (IRR) with 95% CI. Interaction between family history and smoking, age at menarche or BMI were assessed on an additive scale. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES IRR of endometriosis among women with and without affected siblings. RESULTS From 19 195 women with affected siblings, 1126 developed endometriosis with an incidence of 35.45/10 000 person-years. Familial risk of endometriosis with versus without affected siblings was increased to IRR 2.75 (95% CI 2.25-3.36), and the highest risk was with affected twins (IRR 6.98; 95% CI 4.19-11.62). Women with both a family history and either smoking, early menarche or low BMI had a significantly higher risk of endometriosis compared with the general population and can be regarded as a high-risk group, the IRRs were 4.28 (95% CI 2.43-7.55), 3.47 (95% CI 2.82-4.26) and 3.09 (95% CI 2.68-3.56), respectively. Substantial effect modification of the associations was noted by smoking and early menarche, as their combined risk with family history exceeded the sum of their individual risks, which was also statistically significant. CONCLUSION Genetic factors are the primary contributor to the familial aggregation of endometriosis. Significant gene-environment interaction exists between family history and smoking or early menarche.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H-S Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Z Kazmi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H J Hann
- Medical Research Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Korea
| | - T Kang
- Health and Wellness College, Sungshin Women's University, Seoul, Korea
| | - J Cha
- Department of Public Health, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - S Choi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Swan
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
| | - H Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Seoul National University Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Y S Lee
- Department of Health Informatics and Management, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - H S Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University, Seoul, Korea
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Jung KH, Kim HJ, Park W, Lim MJ, Kang T, Kang MJ, Kim KB, Ahn HS. Incidence, survival, and risk of cardiovascular events in adult inflammatory myopathies in South Korea: a nationwide population-based study. Scand J Rheumatol 2020; 49:323-331. [PMID: 32286141 DOI: 10.1080/03009742.2019.1707281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies on inflammatory myopathies (IMs) show widely variable results, and studies on Asians are lacking. Despite emerging interest in the cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk associated with IMs, the prevalence of CVD in IM patients and its impact on mortality remain unclear. We conducted a nationwide, population-based study on the incidence, mortality, and associated major CVD events of IMs in the Republic of Korea over 11 years. METHOD Using the nationwide, population-based National Health Insurance claims database and the Rare Intractable Disease registration programme, we estimated incidence, mortality, and CVD occurrence. Survival was examined using the Kaplan-Meier method. Mortality rate in IMs with CVD was analysed by Cox proportional hazards regression. RESULTS There were 3014 incident cases, 640 of whom died during the study period. The mean annual incidence was 7.16/106. Dermatomyositis (DM) and polymyositis (PM) had 5 year survival rates of 76.8% and 79.3%, respectively. Cardiovascular events occurred in 155 patients and 40.6% of IM patients with CVD died. Acute myocardial infarction in men had the highest risk of any CVD event in both DM [standardized incidence ratio (SIR) 4.2, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) 2.4-7.2] and PM (SIR 3.5, 95% CI 1.8-7.0). Haemorrhagic stroke had the highest hazard ratio (HR) in both DM (HR 2.31, 95% CI 1.13-4.70) and PM patients (HR 2.10, 95% CI 1.03-4.27) compared with the general population with CVD. CONCLUSION We found persistently low incidence, poor survival, and high major CVD incidence in IMs, and increased mortality in IMs with CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Jung
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - H J Kim
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - W Park
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Lim
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Inha University , Incheon, Republic of Korea
| | - T Kang
- Health Insurance Policy Research Institute, National Health Institute Service , Wonju, Republic of Korea
| | - M J Kang
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - K-B Kim
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - H S Ahn
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, Korea University , Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Mahoney DP, Brook I, Fossa M, Kang T. Attempting to Define Clinical Productivity Metrics among Pediatric Palliative Care Services at Academic Children's Hospitals. J Palliat Med 2020; 23:397-400. [DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2019.0164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Daniel P. Mahoney
- Texas Children's Hospital Pediatric Advanced Care Team (PACT), Houston, Texas
| | - Ilanit Brook
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Comfort and Palliative Care, Los Angeles, California
| | - Mallory Fossa
- Children's Hospital Los Angeles Comfort and Palliative Care, Los Angeles, California
| | - Tammy Kang
- Texas Children's Hospital Pediatric Advanced Care Team (PACT), Houston, Texas
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Grewal AS, Li Y, Fisher MJ, Minturn J, Paltin I, Belasco J, Phillips P, Kang T, Lustig RA, Hill-Kayser C. Tumor bed proton irradiation in young children with localized medulloblastoma. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2019; 66:e27972. [PMID: 31512390 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2019] [Revised: 07/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Radiotherapy is often deferred in very young children with medulloblastoma, in favor of more intense chemotherapy and stem cell rescue; however, posterior fossa radiation has been shown to improve overall survival (OS) and event-free survival compared with adjuvant chemotherapy alone. This study was performed to assess the OS, recurrence-free survival (RFS), patterns of failure, and clinical toxicity for children aged five and under who received focal proton radiation to the tumor bed alone. PROCEDURE From 2010 to 2017, 14 patients with newly diagnosed medulloblastoma at one institution received tumor bed irradiation following surgery and chemotherapy. The median age of the patients was 40 months (range, 10.9-62.9 months). RESULTS With a median follow-up of 54 months, four patients relapsed: three within the central nervous system (CNS) outside of the posterior fossa, and one within the tumor bed after subtotal resection. All relapses occurred within 28 months after the completion of radiation therapy. Five-year OS and RFS for this cohort of patients were 84% (95% CI, 48%-96%) and 70% (95% CI, 38%-88%), respectively. One patient experienced significant tumor regrowth soon after completion of radiation, autopsy showed viable tumor and necrosis near and within the brainstem, with relation to radiation unknown; however, no other acute clinical toxicities greater than grade 2 were observed in this group of patients. In the nine patients with available performance status follow-up, no significant changes in Lansky performance status were observed. CONCLUSIONS Five-year OS and RFS following tumor bed irradiation in young children with medulloblastoma appear to be improved compared with other studies that forego the use of radiation therapy in this patient population. This approach should be further investigated in young children with medulloblastoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amardeep S Grewal
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Yimei Li
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania.,Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael J Fisher
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jane Minturn
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Iris Paltin
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Jean Belasco
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Peter Phillips
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Tammy Kang
- Department of Oncology, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Robert A Lustig
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Christine Hill-Kayser
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
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Greenzang KA, Cronin AM, Kang T, Mack JW. Parent understanding of the risk of future limitations secondary to pediatric cancer treatment. Pediatr Blood Cancer 2018; 65:e27020. [PMID: 29603610 PMCID: PMC5980702 DOI: 10.1002/pbc.27020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2017] [Revised: 01/16/2018] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Parents and physicians may have different understandings of a child's risk of future limitations due to cancer or cancer treatment. We evaluated alignment between parent- and physician-estimated risk of late effects. METHODS We surveyed 352 parents of children with cancer within 12 weeks of diagnosis, and the children's oncologists, at Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center and Children's Hospital of Philadelphia. We assessed parent and physician estimations of the child's risk of future limitations in physical abilities, intelligence, or quality of life (QOL) due to cancer treatment. Physician-estimated risk of limitations ≥50% was considered high risk. RESULTS Physicians considered 22% of children at high risk of physical impairments, 9% at high risk for impaired intelligence, and 6% at high risk for impaired QOL. Among high-risk children, 38% of parents recognized this risk in physical abilities, 21% in intelligence, and 5% in QOL. In multivariable analysis, parental understanding of risk, defined as concordant parent and physician estimates, was greater among parents of children at lower risk of future limitations (odds ratio 2.59; 95% confidence interval 1.35-4.96). Regardless of risk, 92% of parents considered it very/extremely important to receive information about potential health implications of cancer treatment. CONCLUSIONS Although most parents want information about life after cancer, most parents of children at high risk of future impairment do not recognize this risk. Strategies to improve communication about late effects throughout pediatric cancer treatment should prioritize meeting information needs and improving parent understanding of the risk of impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katie A. Greenzang
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Angel M. Cronin
- Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA
| | | | - Jennifer W. Mack
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Kang T, Qian S, Smith GS, Do C, Heller WT. Small-angle neutron scattering study of a dense microemulsion system formed with an ionic liquid. Soft Matter 2017; 13:7154-7160. [PMID: 28895963 DOI: 10.1039/c7sm01516j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Mixtures of water, octane and 1-octanol with 1-tetradecyl-3-methylimidazolium chloride (C14MIM·Cl), often referred to as a surface active ionic liquid (SAIL), form water-in-oil microemulsions that have potential application as extraction media for various metal ions. Here, we present a structural study by small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) of dense microemulsions formed by surfactant-rich mixtures of these four compounds to understand how the SAIL can be used to tune the structures and properties of the microemulsions. The SANS experiments revealed that the microemulsions formed are composed of two phases, a water-in-oil microemulsion and a bicontinuous microemulsion, which becomes the dominant phase at high surfactant concentration. In this concentration regime, the surfactant film becomes more rigid, having a higher bending modulus that results from the parallel stacking of the imidazolium ring of the SAIL. At lower surfactant concentrations, the molecular packing of the SAIL does not change with the water content of the microemulsion. The results presented here correlate well with previously observed changes in the interaction between the IL cation and metal ions (Y. Tong, L. Han and Y. Yang, Ind. Eng. Chem. Res., 2012, 51, 16438-16443), while the capacity of the microemulsion system for water remains high enough for using the system as an extraction medium.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kang
- Biology and Soft Matter Division, Oak Ridge National Laboratory, Oak Ridge, TN 37831, USA.
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Omer T, Mailhot T, Berona K, Swadron S, Kang T. 337 Accuracy of Landmark-Guided Glenohumeral Intra-Articular Injections in Patients With Anterior Shoulder Dislocations. Ann Emerg Med 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2017.07.408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Kang T, Berona K, Park E, Fredericks A, Chilstrom M, Mailhot T, Inaba K, Burner E. 355 Reliability of the Abdominal Exam in Blunt Trauma Patients With Altered Mental Status. Ann Emerg Med 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annemergmed.2016.08.372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee W, Song J, Son JH, Gutierrez MP, Kang T, Kim D, Lee LP. Solar optics-based active panel for solar energy storage and disinfection of greywater. Biomicrofluidics 2016; 10:054120. [PMID: 27822328 PMCID: PMC5085975 DOI: 10.1063/1.4965855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Smart city and innovative building strategies are becoming increasingly more necessary because advancing a sustainable building system is regarded as a promising solution to overcome the depleting water and energy. However, current sustainable building systems mainly focus on energy saving and miss a holistic integration of water regeneration and energy generation. Here, we present a theoretical study of a solar optics-based active panel (SOAP) that enables both solar energy storage and photothermal disinfection of greywater simultaneously. Solar collector efficiency of energy storage and disinfection rate of greywater have been investigated. Due to the light focusing by microlens, the solar collector efficiency is enhanced from 25% to 65%, compared to that without the microlens. The simulation of greywater sterilization shows that 100% disinfection can be accomplished by our SOAP for different types of bacteria including Escherichia coli. Numerical simulation reveals that our SOAP as a lab-on-a-wall system can resolve the water and energy problem in future sustainable building systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Lee
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University , 04107 Seoul, South Korea
| | | | - J H Son
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California , Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - M P Gutierrez
- Department of Architecture, University of California , Berkeley, California 94270, USA
| | - T Kang
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Sogang University , 04107 Seoul, South Korea
| | - D Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Sogang University , 04107 Seoul, South Korea
| | - L P Lee
- Departments of Bioengineering, Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, and Biophysics Program, University of California , Berkeley, California 94270, USA
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Rosenberg AR, Orellana L, Ullrich C, Kang T, Geyer JR, Feudtner C, Dussel V, Wolfe J. Quality of Life in Children With Advanced Cancer: A Report From the PediQUEST Study. J Pain Symptom Manage 2016; 52:243-53. [PMID: 27220948 PMCID: PMC4996729 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2016.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 04/07/2016] [Accepted: 04/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Modifiable factors of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) are poorly described among children with advanced cancer. Symptom distress may be an important factor for intervention. OBJECTIVES We aimed to describe patient-reported HRQOL and its relationship to symptom distress. METHODS Prospective, longitudinal data from the multicenter Pediatric Quality of Life and Symptoms Technology study included primarily patient-reported symptom distress and HRQOL, measured at most weekly with the Memorial Symptoms Assessment Scale and Pediatric Quality of Life inventory, respectively. Associations were evaluated using linear mixed-effects models adjusting for sex, age, cancer type, intervention arm, treatment intensity, and time since disease progression. RESULTS Of 104 enrolled patients, 49% were female, 89% were white, and median age was 12.6 years. Nine hundred and twenty surveys were completed over nine months of follow-up (84% by patients). The median total Pediatric Quality of Life score was 74 (interquartile range 63-87) and was "poor/fair" (e.g., <70) 38% of the time. "Poor/fair" categories were highest in physical (53%) and school (48%) compared to emotional (24%) and social (16%) subscores. Thirteen of 24 symptoms were independently associated with reductions in overall or domain-specific HRQOL. Patients commonly reported distress from two or more symptoms, corresponding to larger HRQOL score reductions. Neither cancer type, time since progression, treatment intensity, sex, nor age was associated with HRQOL scores in multivariable models. Among 25 children completing surveys during the last 12 weeks of life, 11 distressing symptoms were associated with reductions in HRQOL. CONCLUSION Symptom distress is strongly associated with HRQOL. Future research should determine whether alleviating distressing symptoms improves HRQOL in children with advanced cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Rosenberg
- Seattle Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Treuman Katz Center for Pediatric Bioethics, Seattle Children's Research Institute, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Biostatistics Unit, Faculty of Health, Deakin University, Geelong, Victoria, Australia
| | - Christina Ullrich
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Tammy Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - J Russell Geyer
- Seattle Children's Hospital Cancer and Blood Disorders Center, Seattle, Washington, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, Washington, USA; Clinical Research Division, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA; Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Veronica Dussel
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Research and Implementation in Palliative Care, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Center for Outcomes and Policy Research, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Park JE, Lee HS, Cho HD, Kang T. AB0978 The Association of Power Doppler Signal Grades with The Serum Inflammatory Marker Level. Ann Rheum Dis 2016. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2016-eular.2638] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Feudtner C, Freedman J, Kang T, Womer JW, Dai D, Faerber J. Comparative effectiveness of senna to prevent problematic constipation in pediatric oncology patients receiving opioids: a multicenter study of clinically detailed administrative data. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 48:272-80. [PMID: 24321507 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.09.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2013] [Revised: 09/06/2013] [Accepted: 09/10/2013] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Pediatric oncology patients often receive prolonged courses of opioids, which can result in constipation. OBJECTIVES Comparing patients who received senna matched with similar patients who received other oral bowel medications, determine the subsequent risk of "problematic constipation," assessed as the occurrence of the surrogate markers of receiving an enema, escalation of oral bowel medications, and abdominal radiographic imaging. METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study of hospitalized pediatric oncology patients less than 21 years of age in 78 children's and adult hospitals between 2006 and 2011 who were started on seven consecutive days or more of opioid therapy and were started on an oral bowel medication within the first two days of opioid therapy. Clinically detailed administrative data were used from the Pediatric Health Information System and the Premier Perspective Database. After performing propensity score matching of similar patients who started senna and who started a different oral bowel medication, Cox regression modeling was used to compare the subsequent hazard of the surrogate markers. RESULTS The final matched sample of 586 patients averaged 11.5 years of age (range 0-20 years); 41.8% (n = 245) had blood cancer, 50.3% (n = 295) had solid tumor cancer, and 7.9% (n = 46) had brain cancer. Initiating senna therapy within two days of starting the prolonged opioid course, compared with initiating another oral bowel medication, was significantly associated with a lower hazard during the ensuing five days for receipt of an enema (hazard ratio [HR], 0.31; 95% CI, 0.11-0.91) or undergoing abdominal radiographic imaging (HR, 0.74; 95% CI, 0.55-0.98), was marginally associated with a lower hazard of oral bowel medicine escalation (HR, 0.78; 95% CI, 0.59-1.03), and overall was significantly associated with a lower hazard of the composite end point of problematic constipation (HR, 0.70; 95% CI, 0.56-0.88). CONCLUSION Initiating senna therapy, compared with other oral bowel medications, diminishes the subsequent risk of surrogate markers of problematic constipation in this population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chris Feudtner
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | - Jason Freedman
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Tammy Kang
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - James W Womer
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Dingwei Dai
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer Faerber
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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Lee H, Park J, Park C, Kang T. FRI0242 Value of Ultrasound in Carpal Tunnel Syndrome: Useful Method for Treatment and Therapeutic Response after Steroid Injection. Ann Rheum Dis 2014. [DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-eular.3936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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15
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Rosenberg AR, Dussel V, Orellana L, Kang T, Geyer JR, Feudtner C, Wolfe J. What's missing in missing data? Omissions in survey responses among parents of children with advanced cancer. J Palliat Med 2014; 17:953-6. [PMID: 24865204 DOI: 10.1089/jpm.2013.0663] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Missing data is a common phenomenon with survey-based research; patterns of missing data may elucidate why participants decline to answer certain questions. OBJECTIVE To describe patterns of missing data in the Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology (PediQUEST) study, and highlight challenges in asking sensitive research questions. DESIGN Cross-sectional, survey-based study embedded within a randomized controlled trial. SETTING Three large children's hospitals: Dana-Farber/Boston Children's Cancer and Blood Disorders Center (DF/BCCDC); Children's Hospital of Philadelphia (CHOP); and Seattle Children's Hospital (SCH). MEASUREMENTS At the time of their child's enrollment, parents completed the Survey about Caring for Children with Cancer (SCCC), including demographics, perceptions of prognosis, treatment goals, quality of life, and psychological distress. RESULTS Eighty-six of 104 parents completed surveys (83% response). The proportion of missing data varied by question type. While 14 parents (16%) left demographic fields blank, over half (n=48; 56%) declined to answer at least one question about their child's prognosis, especially life expectancy. The presence of missing data was unrelated to the child's diagnosis, time from progression, time to death, or parent distress (p>0.3 for each). Written explanations in survey margins suggested that addressing a child's life expectancy is particularly challenging for parents. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parents of children with cancer commonly refrain from answering questions about their child's prognosis, however, they may be more likely to address general cure likelihood than explicit life expectancy. Understanding acceptability of sensitive questions in survey-based research will foster higher quality palliative care research.
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Wolfe J, Orellana L, Cook EF, Ullrich C, Kang T, Geyer JR, Feudtner C, Weeks JC, Dussel V. Improving the care of children with advanced cancer by using an electronic patient-reported feedback intervention: results from the PediQUEST randomized controlled trial. J Clin Oncol 2014; 32:1119-26. [PMID: 24616307 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2013.51.5981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to determine whether feeding back patient-reported outcomes (PROs) to providers and families of children with advanced cancer improves symptom distress and health-related quality of life (HRQoL). PATIENTS AND METHODS This study was a parallel, multicentered pilot randomized controlled trial. At most once per week, children age ≥ 2 years old with advanced cancer or their parent completed the computer-based Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology (PediQUEST) survey consisting of age- and respondent-adapted versions of the Memorial Symptom Assessment Scale (MSAS), Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory 4.0 Generic Core Scales (PedsQL4.0), and an overall Sickness question. In the intervention group (n = 51), oncologists and families received printed reports summarizing PROs; e-mails were sent to oncologists and subspecialists when predetermined scores were exceeded. No feedback was provided in the control group (n = 53). Primary outcomes included linear trends of MSAS, PedsQL4.0 total and subscale scores, and Sickness scores during 20 weeks of follow-up, along with child, parent, and provider satisfaction with PediQUEST feedback. RESULTS Feedback did not significantly affect average MSAS, PedsQL4.0, or Sickness score trends. Post hoc subgroup analyses among children age ≥ 8 years who survived 20 weeks showed that feedback improved PedsQL4.0 emotional (+8.1; 95% CI, 1.8 to 14.4) and Sickness (-8.2; 95% CI, -14.2 to -2.2) scores. PediQUEST reports were valued by children, parents, and providers and contributed at least sometimes to physician initiation of a psychosocial consult (56%). CONCLUSION Although routine feedback of PROs did not significantly affect the child's symptoms or HRQoL, changes were in expected directions and improvements observed in emotional HRQoL through exploratory analyses were encouraging. Importantly, children, parents, and providers value PRO feedback.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanne Wolfe
- Joanne Wolfe, Christina Ullrich, Jane C. Weeks, and Veronica Dussel, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute; Joanne Wolfe and Christina Ullrich, Boston Children's Hospital; Joanne Wolfe, Christina Ullrich, and Jane C. Weeks, Harvard Medical School; E. Francis Cook, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA; Liliana Orellana, University of Buenos Aires; Veronica Dussel, Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Tammy Kang and Chris Feudtner, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia and the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA; and Jeffrey Russell Geyer, Seattle Children's Hospital, Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, and University of Washington, Seattle, WA
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Bona K, Dussel V, Orellana L, Kang T, Geyer R, Feudtner C, Wolfe J. Economic impact of advanced pediatric cancer on families. J Pain Symptom Manage 2014; 47:594-603. [PMID: 23870843 PMCID: PMC4174345 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpainsymman.2013.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 111] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2013] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/25/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
CONTEXT Despite emerging evidence of substantial financial distress in families of children with complex illness, little is known about economic hardship in families of children with advanced cancer. OBJECTIVES To describe perceived financial hardship, work disruptions, income losses, and associated economic impact in families of children with advanced cancer stratified by federal poverty level (FPL). METHODS Cross-sectional survey of 86 parents of children with progressive, recurrent, or nonresponsive cancer at three children's hospitals. Seventy-one families with complete income data (82%) are included in this analysis. RESULTS Parental work disruptions were prevalent across all income levels, with 67 (94%) families reporting some disruption. At least one parent quit a job because of the child's illness in 29 (42%) families. Nineteen (27%) families described their child's illness as a great economic hardship. Income losses because of work disruptions were substantial for all families; families at or below 200% FPL, however, were disproportionately affected. Six (50%) of the poorest families lost more than 40% of their annual income as compared with two (5%) of the wealthiest families (P = 0.006). As a result of income losses, nine (15%) previously nonpoor families fell from above to below 200% FPL. CONCLUSION The economic impact of pediatric advanced cancer on families is significant at all income levels, although poorer families suffer disproportionate losses. Development of ameliorative intervention strategies is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kira Bona
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Veronica Dussel
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Liliana Orellana
- Institute of Calculus, School of Sciences, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tammy Kang
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Russ Geyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Seattle Children's Hospital, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA; Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA; University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, DC, USA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Joanne Wolfe
- Department of Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, USA; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
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Abstract
Clinicians frequently worry that medications used to treat pain and suffering at the end of life might also hasten death. Intentionally hastening death, or euthanasia, is neither legal nor ethically appropriate in children. In this article, we explore some of the historical and legal background regarding appropriate end-of-life care and outline what distinguishes it from euthanasia. Good principles include clarity of goals and assessments, titration of medications to effect, and open communication. When used appropriately, medications to treat symptoms should rarely hasten death significantly. Medications and interventions that are not justifiable are also discussed, as are the implications of palliative sedation and withholding fluids or nutrition. It is imperative that clinicians know how to justify and use such medications to adequately treat suffering at the end of life within a relevant clinical and legal framework.
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Huang SY, Huang JJ, Kang T, Diao DF, Duan YZ. Coating NiTi archwires with diamond-like carbon films: reducing fluoride-induced corrosion and improving frictional properties. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2013; 24:2287-92. [PMID: 23793493 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-013-4988-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2013] [Accepted: 06/14/2013] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
This study aims to coat diamond-like carbon (DLC) films onto nickel-titanium (NiTi) orthodontic archwires. The film protects against fluoride-induced corrosion and will improve orthodontic friction. 'Mirror-confinement-type electron cyclotron resonance plasma sputtering' was utilized to deposit DLC films onto NiTi archwires. The influence of a fluoride-containing environment on the surface topography and the friction force between the brackets and archwires were investigated. The results confirmed the superior nature of the DLC coating, with less surface roughness variation for DLC-coated archwires after immersion in a high fluoride ion environment. Friction tests also showed that applying a DLC coating significantly decreased the fretting wear and the coefficient of friction, both in ambient air and artificial saliva. Thus, DLC coatings are recommended to reduce fluoride-induced corrosion and improve orthodontic friction.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Huang
- Department of Orthodontics, School of Stomatology, The Fourth Military Medical University, 145 West Changle Rd., Xi'an, 710032, China
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Abstract
IMPORTANCE Parent psychological distress can impact the well-being of childhood cancer patients and other children in the home. Recognizing and alleviating factors of parent distress may improve overall family survivorship experiences following childhood cancer. OBJECTIVES To describe the prevalence and factors of psychological distress (PD) among parents of children with advanced cancer. DESIGN Cohort study embedded within a randomized clinical trial (Pediatric Quality of Life and Evaluation of Symptoms Technology [PediQUEST] study). SETTING Multicenter study conducted at 3 children's hospitals (Boston Children's Hospital, Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, and Seattle Children's Hospital). PARTICIPANTS Parents of children with advanced (progressive, recurrent, or refractory) cancer. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Parental PD, as measured by the Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale. RESULTS Eighty-six of 104 parents completed the Survey About Caring for Children With Cancer (83% participation); 81 parents had complete Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale data. More than 50% of parents reported high PD and 16% met criteria for serious PD (compared with US prevalence of 2%-3%). Parent perceptions of prognosis, goals of therapy, child symptoms/suffering, and financial hardship were associated with PD. In multivariate analyses, average parent Kessler-6 Psychological Distress Scale scores were higher among parents who believed their child was suffering highly and who reported great economic hardship. Conversely, PD was significantly lower among parents whose prognostic understanding was aligned with concrete goals of care. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE Parenting a child with advanced cancer is strongly associated with high to severe levels of PD. Interventions aimed at aligning prognostic understanding with concrete care goals and easing child suffering and financial hardship may mitigate parental PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abby R Rosenberg
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Veronica Dussel
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Institute for Clinical Effectiveness and Health Policy (IECS), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | | | - J. Russel Geyer
- Division of Pediatric Hematology/Oncology Seattle Children’s Hospital, Seattle, WA,Fred Hutchinson Cancer Research Center, Seattle, WA,University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Cynthia A Gerhardt
- The Ohio State University,The Research Institute at Nationwide Children’s Hospital
| | | | - Joanne Wolfe
- Department of Psychosocial Oncology and Palliative Care, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Center for Outcomes and Policy Research Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA,Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA,Department of Medicine, Boston Children’s Hospital, Boston, MA
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Hill DL, Miller VA, Hexem KR, Carroll KW, Faerber JA, Kang T, Feudtner C. Problems and hopes perceived by mothers, fathers and physicians of children receiving palliative care. Health Expect 2013; 18:1052-65. [PMID: 23683168 DOI: 10.1111/hex.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The quality of shared decision making for children with serious illness may depend on whether parents and physicians share similar perceptions of problems and hopes for the child. OBJECTIVE (i) Describe the problems and hopes reported by mothers, fathers and physicians of children receiving palliative care; (ii) examine the observed concordance between participants; (iii) examine parental perceived agreement; and (iv) examine whether parents who identified specific problems also specified corresponding hopes, or whether the problems were left 'hopeless'. METHOD Seventy-one parents and 43 physicians were asked to report problems and hopes and perceived agreement for 50 children receiving palliative care. Problems and hopes were classified into eight domains. Observed concordance was calculated between parents and between each parent and the physicians. RESULTS The most common problem domains were physical body (88%), quality of life (74%) and medical knowledge (48%). The most common hope domains were quality of life (88%), suffering (76%) and physical body (39%). Overall parental dyads demonstrated a high percentage of concordance (82%) regarding reported problem domains and a lower percentage of concordance on hopes (65%). Concordance between parents and physicians regarding specific children was lower on problem (65-66%) and hope domains (59-63%). Respondents who identified problems regarding a child's quality of life or suffering were likely to also report corresponding hopes in these domains (93 and 82%, respectively). CONCLUSION Asking parents and physicians to talk about problems and hopes may provide a straightforward means to improve the quality of shared decision making for critically ill children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Douglas L Hill
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Victoria A Miller
- Department of Anesthesiology and Critical Care Medicine, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Kari R Hexem
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Karen W Carroll
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Jennifer A Faerber
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Tammy Kang
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Chris Feudtner
- Pediatric Advanced Care Team, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bae S, Kim YG, Choi J, Hong J, Lee S, Kang T, Jeon H, Hong K, Kim E, Kwak A, Lee CK, Yoo B, Park YB, Song EY, Kim S. Elevated interleukin-32 expression in granulomatosis with polyangiitis. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012; 51:1979-88. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/kes163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
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Dong C, Wu Y, Wang Y, Wang C, Kang T, Rychahou PG, Chi YI, Evers BM, Zhou BP. Interaction with Suv39H1 is critical for Snail-mediated E-cadherin repression in breast cancer. Oncogene 2012; 32:1351-62. [PMID: 22562246 PMCID: PMC3703513 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2012.169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of E-cadherin, a hallmark of epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT), is often lost due to promoter DNA methylation in basal-like breast cancer (BLBC), which contributes to the metastatic advantage of this disease; however, the underlying mechanism remains unclear. Here, we identified that Snail interacted with Suv39H1 (suppressor of variegation 3-9 homolog 1), a major methyltransferase responsible for H3K9me3 that intimately links to DNA methylation. We demonstrated that the SNAG domain of Snail and the SET domain of Suv39H1 were required for their mutual interactions. We found that H3K9me3 and DNA methylation on the E-cadherin promoter were higher in BLBC cell lines. We showed that Snail interacted with Suv39H1 and recruited it to the E-cadherin promoter for transcriptional repression. Knockdown of Suv39H1 restored E-cadherin expression by blocking H3K9me3 and DNA methylation and resulted in the inhibition of cell migration, invasion and metastasis of BLBC. Our study not only reveals a critical mechanism underlying the epigenetic regulation of EMT, but also paves a way for the development of new treatment strategies against this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Dong
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biochemistry, The University of Kentucky College of Medicine, Lexington, KY, USA
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24
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Alvarez R, Chen C, Hung C, Kang T, Lee S, Wu T. Enhancement of the antigen-specific T cell immune responses and therapeutic antitumor effects generated by therapeutic HPV DNA vaccine by histone deacetylase inhibitor. Gynecol Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ygyno.2011.12.335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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25
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Kang S, Kim S, Kang T, Yoon C, Ko S, Hur M, Lee H, Seol C. 528 Short-term Outcomes of Immediate Breast Reconstruction After Mastectomy Using Implant or Tissue Expander in Patients with Breast Cancer. Eur J Cancer 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(12)70593-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Kloepfer K, Vrtis R, Pappas T, Kang T, Lee W, Evans M, Gangnon R, Lemanske R, Gern J. Bacterial Detection In The Fall Is Associated With Increased Viral Respiratory Infections. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2011.12.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
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27
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Nguyen D, Alavi MV, Kim KY, Kang T, Scott RT, Noh YH, Lindsey JD, Wissinger B, Ellisman MH, Weinreb RN, Perkins GA, Ju WK. A new vicious cycle involving glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and mitochondrial dynamics. Cell Death Dis 2011; 2:e240. [PMID: 22158479 PMCID: PMC3252734 DOI: 10.1038/cddis.2011.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 152] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Glutamate excitotoxicity leads to fragmented mitochondria in neurodegenerative diseases, mediated by nitric oxide and S-nitrosylation of dynamin-related protein 1, a mitochondrial outer membrane fission protein. Optic atrophy gene 1 (OPA1) is an inner membrane protein important for mitochondrial fusion. Autosomal dominant optic atrophy (ADOA), caused by mutations in OPA1, is a neurodegenerative disease affecting mainly retinal ganglion cells (RGCs). Here, we showed that OPA1 deficiency in an ADOA model influences N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression, which is involved in glutamate excitotoxicity and oxidative stress. Opa1(enu/+) mice show a slow progressive loss of RGCs, activation of astroglia and microglia, and pronounced mitochondrial fission in optic nerve heads as found by electron tomography. Expression of NMDA receptors (NR1, 2A, and 2B) in the retina of Opa1(enu/+) mice was significantly increased as determined by western blot and immunohistochemistry. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) expression was significantly decreased, the apoptotic pathway was activated as Bax was increased, and phosphorylated Bad and BcL-xL were decreased. Our results conclusively demonstrate that not only glutamate excitotoxicity and/or oxidative stress alters mitochondrial fission/fusion, but that an imbalance in mitochondrial fission/fusion in turn leads to NMDA receptor upregulation and oxidative stress. Therefore, we propose a new vicious cycle involved in neurodegeneration that includes glutamate excitotoxicity, oxidative stress, and mitochondrial dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Nguyen
- The Sophie and Arthur Brody Laboratory for Optic Nerve Biology, Hamilton Glaucoma Center, Department of Ophthalmology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
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Hwang E, Jung S, Kang T, Kwon D, Park K, Ryu S. UP-03.145 T2 Ureteral Tumor and Severe Hydronephrosis: Poor Prognostic Factors in Upper Urinary Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma. Urology 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2011.07.1234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Song HC, Cho S, Kang T, Hodgkiss WS, Preston JR. Long-range acoustic communication in deep water using a towed array. J Acoust Soc Am 2011; 129:EL71-EL75. [PMID: 21428470 DOI: 10.1121/1.3554707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In September 2010 a long-range acoustic communication (LRAC10) experiment was carried out in deep water off the Southern California Coast. The experiment involved two mobile components: (1) a source towed slowly at a speed of 2-3 knots at ∼75-m depth and (2) a horizontal line array towed at 3.5 knots at a depth of ∼200 m. Phase-coherent communication sequences were transmitted in the frequency band of 200-300 Hz at various ranges (100-700 km). Initial analysis of the LRAC10 data demonstrates that an information rate of 50 bits/s can be achieved over ∼550-km range using quadrature-phase shift-keying (QPSK) modulation and error-correction coding combined with beamforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- H C Song
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093-0238, USA.
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Holstein GR, Friedrich VL, Kang T, Kukielka E, Martinelli GP. Direct projections from the caudal vestibular nuclei to the ventrolateral medulla in the rat. Neuroscience 2011; 175:104-17. [PMID: 21163335 PMCID: PMC3029471 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2010] [Revised: 11/23/2010] [Accepted: 12/08/2010] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
While the basic pathways mediating vestibulo-ocular, -spinal, and -collic reflexes have been described in detail, little is known about vestibular projections to central autonomic sites. Previous studies have primarily focused on projections from the caudal vestibular region to solitary, vagal and parabrachial nuclei, but have noted a sparse innervation of the ventrolateral medulla. Since a direct pathway from the vestibular nuclei to the rostral ventrolateral medulla would provide a morphological substrate for rapid modifications in blood pressure, heart rate and respiration with changes in posture and locomotion, the present study examined anatomical evidence for this pathway using anterograde and retrograde tract tracing and immunofluorescence detection in brainstem sections of the rat medulla. The results provide anatomical evidence for direct pathways from the caudal vestibular nuclear complex to the rostral and caudal ventrolateral medullary regions. The projections are conveyed by fine and highly varicose axons that ramify bilaterally, with greater terminal densities present ipsilateral to the injection site and more rostrally in the ventrolateral medulla. In the rostral ventrolateral medulla, these processes are highly branched and extremely varicose, primarily directed toward the somata and proximal dendrites of non-catecholaminergic neurons, with minor projections to the distal dendrites of catecholaminergic cells. In the caudal ventrolateral medulla, the axons of vestibular nucleus neurons are more modestly branched with fewer varicosities, and their endings are contiguous with both the perikarya and dendrites of catecholamine-containing neurons. These data suggest that vestibular neurons preferentially target the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and can thereby provide a morphological basis for a short latency vestibulo-sympathetic pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- G R Holstein
- Department of Neurology, Mount Sinai School of Medicine, New York, NY 10029, USA.
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Xu S, Feng Z, Zhang M, Wu Y, Sang Y, Xu H, Lv X, Hu K, Cao J, Zhang R, Chen L, Liu M, Yun JP, Zeng YX, Kang T. hSSB1 binds and protects p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation and positively correlates with p21 in human hepatocellular carcinomas. Oncogene 2011; 30:2219-29. [PMID: 21242961 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2010.596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Downregulation of hSSB1, a single-stranded DNA-binding protein, causes increased radiosensitivity, defective checkpoint activation and genomic instability. However, the mechanisms of hSSB1 function in these responses remain to be uncovered. Here, we present evidence that hSSB1 directly binds p21 and this interaction may prevent p21 from ubiquitin-mediated degradation. Furthermore, both promotion of the G1/S transition and abrogation of the G2/M checkpoints induced by hSSB1 knockdown are partially dependent on p21. Most importantly, hSSB1 and p21 levels are positively correlated in human hepatocellular carcinomas (HCC), as determined by immunostaining. Therefore, hSSB1 may positively modulate p21 to regulate cell cycle progression and DNA damage response, implicating hSSB1 as a novel, promising therapeutic target for cancers such as HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou, China
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Ryu S, Kim S, Hwang E, Im C, Oh K, Jung S, Kang T, Kwon D, Park K. UP-1.26: The role of alpha 1(A) Adrenoceptor antagonist tamsulosin for the treatment of patients with lower urinary tract symptoms in women: the effect of nocturia and sleep quality. Urology 2010. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2010.07.159] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Smith SD, Bolwell BJ, Rybicki LA, Kang T, Dean R, Advani A, Thakkar S, Sobecks R, Kalaycio M, Pohlman B, Sweetenham JW. Comparison of outcomes after auto-SCT for patients with relapsed diffuse large B-cell lymphoma according to previous therapy with rituximab. Bone Marrow Transplant 2010; 46:262-6. [DOI: 10.1038/bmt.2010.95] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
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Huisden CM, Adesogan AT, Gaskin JM, Courtney CH, Raji AM, Kang T. Effect of feeding Mucuna pruriens on helminth parasite infestation in lambs. J Ethnopharmacol 2010; 127:669-673. [PMID: 19969060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2009.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2009] [Revised: 11/24/2009] [Accepted: 12/01/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Mucuna pruriens is a tropical legume anecdotally reputed to have anthelmintic properties. This study was conducted to examine the validity of such claims. AIM OF THE STUDY The aim of this study was to determine if ingestion of Mucuna seeds reduces helminth parasite infestation in lambs. MATERIALS AND METHODS Thirty-six Dorper x Katahdin ram lambs were assigned to three treatments, a cottonseed meal based control diet, a diet in which Mucuna replaced cottonseed meal and the control diet with levamisole (7.5mg/kg body weight) administration. All diets were isonitrogenous and isocaloric. The 12 lambs in each treatment were assigned randomly to 4 pens, each containing 3 lambs. Lambs were trickle infected three times per week by gavage with infectious Haemonchus contortus larvae (2000 larvae/lamb) for 3 weeks. RESULTS Levamisole treatment decreased fecal egg counts by 87% and abomasal worm counts by 83%. Mucuna intake did not statistically affect fecal egg counts or abomasal worm counts, though numerical (P>0.10) reductions of 7.4% and 18.1%, respectively were evident. Anemia indicators, feed intake, and lamb growth were unaffected by treatment. CONCLUSIONS Levamisole reduced the Haemonchus parasite burden in lambs significantly but feeding Mucuna reduced the burden by levels unlikely to eliminate the clinical effects of parasitism.
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Affiliation(s)
- C M Huisden
- Department of Animal Sciences, Institute of Food and Agricultural Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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Kang T, Ahn M, Johnstone P, Kao C, Ko S, Gardner T. MP-15.06: Enhancement of FCYttk-Armed Prostate-Restricted Replicative Adenovirus Effect with Prodrugs Gancyclovir and 5-FC In Prostate Cancer. Urology 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2009.07.840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Lee S, Bae Y, Lee J, Kang T. Immediate breast reconstruction with contralateral pectoralis major myomammary flap for breast conserving surgery. Cancer Res 2009. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs-5157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Abstract #5157
Purpose: The breast reconstruction techniques are mandatory in case of the indication permits for there has been lots of data showing no less survival as far as surgery keeps the principle of cancer surgery. It could be selected by many factors but mainly by breast size, site of tumor. The latissimus dorsi musculocutaneous flap (LDMCF) is one of the most commonly used techniques in early breast cancer patient who has small breast. But, it has difficulties to supply enough tissues to the widely excised tumor site. And especially in case of ptosis patient, reduction mammoplasty only is not enough to get the symmetry of the breast. We suggest a pectoralis major myomammary flap(PMMF) as a useful technique for the patients with ptosis.
 Methods: Seventeen patients with ptosis were treated with breast conserving using PMMF surgery. A quadrantectomy rather than lumpectomy was performed through a planned skin incision, and axillary lymph node dissection was performed according to the sentinel lymph node result. PMMF is harvested carefully without perforating branch injury of internal thoracic artery. And reconstruction was done by the PMMF through the medial tunnel between both breasts.
 Results: Among those of seventeen patients, seroma occurred in two patients and no necrosis was occurred. The cosmetic result showed good in fifteen and excellent in two patients based on four-point scoring system of breast cosmetics.
 Conclusions: After enough quadrantectomy to keep the cancer surgery principles, PMMF was quite useful to supply proper tissues for breast reconstructions, especially for the ptosis patient.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5157.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lee
- 1 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 2 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 4 General Surgery, Maryknoll General Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - Y Bae
- 1 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 2 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 4 General Surgery, Maryknoll General Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - J Lee
- 3 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 1 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 2 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 4 General Surgery, Maryknoll General Hospital, Pusan, Korea
| | - T Kang
- 1 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 2 General Surgery, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan, Korea
- 4 General Surgery, Maryknoll General Hospital, Pusan, Korea
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Affiliation(s)
- K. Oh
- Chung–Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - M. Park
- Chung–Ang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - T. Kang
- Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
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Abstract
2077 Background: High-grade gliomas are generally resistant to modern chemotherapy. In the case of glioblastoma multiforme, median overall survival has been less than 12 months and progression free survival of less than 4 months. For patients with recurrent GBMs, the 6 month progression free survival is 15–20%. The combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab is an active regimen in the treatment of this disease. Herein we report the experiences with this regimen at our institution with the objective of identifying a therapy with a better outcome than historical results. Methods: Single institutional, retrospective review of 27 patients with recurrent or progressive high grade gliomas treated at the Cleveland Clinic Brain Tumor Institute from 7/2005 through 10/2006. Patients had progressed on at least one prior chemotherapy. Patients with prior irinotecan or bevacizumab were excluded. Patients were analyzed on an intention-to-treat basis, and outcomes estimated by the Kaplan-Meier method. Results: The median age of the group was 46 years (range 5–69). The median number of prior therapies was 2 (range 1–10). Twenty of 27 patients have progressed (74%), and 11 of 27 patients have died (41%). Kaplan-Meier estimates for outcomes are summarized in the table . Progression-free survival at 6 months is 46 %, with median of 5.1 months. Overall survival at 6 months is 84%, with median of 12.6 months. In 7 patients, treatment was terminated early prior to progression. Significant toxicities include: one patient who developed hematuria, one patient with deep venous thrombosis and one patient who experienced intracranial hemorrhage. Conclusions: Our experience suggests that the combination of irinotecan and bevacizumab improves the 6-month progression-free survival when compared to historical figures. The rate of severe toxicities is consistent with prior reports and mandates careful selection of patients. Further randomized, phase 3 studies should be done to validate these results. [Table: see text] No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kang
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - T. Jin
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
| | - D. Peereboom
- Cleveland Clinic Taussig Cancer Center, Cleveland, OH
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Kang T, Nichols P, Skinner E, Groshen S, Valin G, Ye W, Raghavan D. Functional heterogeneity of prostatic intra-epithelial neoplasia: Length of hormonal therapy influences response. J Clin Oncol 2006. [DOI: 10.1200/jco.2006.24.18_suppl.4648] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
4648 Background: Prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia (PIN) is a premalignant lesion of the prostate etiologically linked to prostate cancer. While androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been used to reduce prostate cancer, there are controversial data regarding the effect of ADT on PIN. We hypothesized that PIN is a heterogeneous entity with respect to hormone responsiveness, that this may explain aspects of the heterogeneity in the natural history of this disease, and have used the clinical model of ADT followed by radical prostatectomy as a test of this hypothesis. Methods: We performed a retrospective study on a cohort of patients who underwent prostatectomy with biopsy proven prostate cancer. Study patients were those who must have received at least 3 months of ADT at the discretion of their surgeons. Patients from the same cohort who did not undergo ADT were used as controls. Patients were randomly selected from the database and their pathology slides were reviewed by a blinded pathologist looking for presence of PIN with an independent observer. Fisher’s exact test was used to compare the proportions of subjects who had residual PIN in the study group and the control group. Exact logistic regression was used to evaluate the duration of ADT in PIN regression. Results: Eighteen patients initially diagnosed with PIN who did not receive hormonal therapy were identified; 28 patients with PIN who underwent hormonal therapy were also studied. All patients who did not receive hormonal therapy had residual PIN whereas 7 of 28 patients undergoing ADT had no residual PIN (p = 0.043). Evaluation of hormonal therapy between responders and non-responders showed statistically significant association between PIN regression and hormone therapy duration (p < 0.001). However PIN response to ADT was not uniform as 16% of patients with ADT longer than 6 months had residual PIN, suggesting variable sensitivity of PIN to ADT. Conclusions: Our results demonstrate that ADT does cause PIN regression, and that there is heterogeneity in this effect with respect to hormonal duration. We propose for future prospective, multi-centered, randomized trials in which ADT impact on PIN is characterized further. No significant financial relationships to disclose.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. Kang
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - P. Nichols
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - E. Skinner
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - S. Groshen
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - G. Valin
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - W. Ye
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
| | - D. Raghavan
- Cleveland Clinic Foundation, Cleveland, OH; University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA
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Kang T, Hoehn KS, Licht DJ, Mayer OH, Santucci G, Carroll JM, Long CM, Hill MA, Lemisch J, Rourke MT, Feudtner C. Pediatric palliative, end-of-life, and bereavement care. Pediatr Clin North Am 2005; 52:1029-46, viii. [PMID: 16009255 DOI: 10.1016/j.pcl.2005.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The pediatric hospitalist plays an integral role in providing palliative, end-of-life, and bereavement care for children and families. This article focuses on a multifaceted approach to this domain of care in which the physician is a key member of an interdisciplinary team. We believe that we can improve quality of life and relieve suffering only by paying attention to the medical, emotional, spiritual, and practical needs and goals of dying children and their loved ones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, 34th Street and Civic Center Boulevard North, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Affiliation(s)
- L. B. Anthony
- LSUHSC New Orleans, New Orleans, LA; Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - T. Kang
- LSUHSC New Orleans, New Orleans, LA; Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
| | - Y. Shyr
- LSUHSC New Orleans, New Orleans, LA; Vanderbilt Univ, Nashville, TN
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Breslow NE, Norris R, Norkool PA, Kang T, Beckwith JB, Perlman EJ, Ritchey ML, Green DM, Nichols KE. Characteristics and outcomes of children with the Wilms tumor-Aniridia syndrome: a report from the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. J Clin Oncol 2004; 21:4579-85. [PMID: 14673045 DOI: 10.1200/jco.2003.06.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 79] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Children with the rare Wilms tumor (WT)-aniridia (WAGR) syndrome have not had systematic evaluation of their clinical and pathologic features. We compared demographics, disease characteristics, and treatment outcomes in a large cohort of WT patients who did or did not have the WAGR syndrome. PATIENTS AND METHODS Clinical and pathology records were reviewed for 8,533 patients enrolled between 1969 and 2002 by the National Wilms Tumor Study Group. RESULTS Sixty-four patients (0.75%) had the WAGR syndrome. For WAGR and non-WAGR patients, respectively, the average birth weights (2.94 and 3.45 kg), median ages at diagnosis (22 and 39 months), and the percentages with bilateral disease (17% and 6%), metastatic disease (2% and 13%), favorable histology (FH) tumors (100% and 92%), and intralobar nephrogenic rests (ILNR; 77% and 22%) all differed. Survival estimates for WAGR and non-WAGR patients were 95% +/- 3% and 92% +/- 0.3% at 4 years but 48% +/- 17% and 86% +/- 1.0%, respectively, at 27 years from diagnosis. Five late deaths in WAGR patients were from end-stage renal disease (ESRD). CONCLUSION The excess of bilateral disease, ILNR-associated FH tumors of mixed cell type, and early ages at diagnosis in WAGR patients all fit the known phenotypic spectrum of constitutional deletion of chromosome 11p13. Despite a favorable response of their WT to treatment, WAGR patients have a high risk of ESRD as they approach adulthood. The renal pathology associated with this apparent late manifestation of WT1 deletion, and the explanation for the abnormally low birth weights in patients with del 11p13, have yet to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Norman E Breslow
- Department of Biostatistics, Box 357232, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195-7232, USA.
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Abstract
Neuroblastoma almost always arises in association with sympathetic neural crest tissues that flank the spinal axis, including the paravertebral sympathetic ganglia of the neck, mediastinum, retroperitoneum, and pelvis, or in the adrenal glands. Neuroblastoma in the newborn period, which can present as localized or metastatic disease, often resolves spontaneously and requires little or no therapy. The authors describe a 5-week-old infant with an isolated primary neuroblastoma arising in the deltoid muscle. Histologic and biologic characteristics were consistent with a favorable-prognosis stage 1 neuroblastoma. Following a complete local excision, the child remains in complete remission 3 years from diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tammy Kang
- Department of Pediatrics, The Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, The University of Pennsylvania School of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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45
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Abstract
[reaction: see text]. The solution and solid-state photochemistry of a series of aryl 1-phenylcyclopentyl ketones (1) was investigated. While typical Norrish type I products were formed in solution, irradiation of crystals of 1 afforded the novel oxetanes 3 and 4 regiospecifically. The formation of the oxetanes is believed to occur through Norrish type I cleavage and hydrogen abstraction, producing an alkene and an aldehyde, followed by a Paternò-Büchi reaction within the crystal lattice cage.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kang
- Department of Chemistry, University of British Columbia, 2036 Main Mall, Vanouver, British Columbia, Canada V6T 1Z1
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Kang T, Yi J, Guo A, Wang X, Overall CM, Jiang W, Elde R, Borregaard N, Pei D. Subcellular distribution and cytokine- and chemokine-regulated secretion of leukolysin/MT6-MMP/MMP-25 in neutrophils. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:21960-8. [PMID: 11282999 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m007997200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 99] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Leukolysin, originally isolated from human leukocytes, is the sixth member of the membrane-type matrix metalloproteinase (MT-MMP) subfamily with a potential glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor. To understand its biological functions, we screened subpopulations of leukocytes and localized the expression of leukolysin at the mRNA level to neutrophils. Polyclonal and mono-specific antisera raised against a synthetic peptide from its hinge region recognized a major protein species at 56 kDa and several minor forms between 38 and 45 kDa in neutrophil lysates. In resting neutrophils, leukolysin is distributed among specific granules ( approximately 10%), gelatinase granules ( approximately 40%), secretory vesicles ( approximately 30%), and the plasma membrane ( approximately 20%), a pattern distinct from that of neutrophil MMP-8 and MMP-9. Consistent with its membrane localization and its reported GPI anchor, leukolysin partitions into the detergent phase of Triton X-114 and can be released from intact resting neutrophils by glycosylphosphatidylinositol-specific phospholipase C. Phorbol myristate acetate stimulates neutrophils to discharge 100% of leukolysin from specific and gelatinase granules and approximately 50% from the secretory vesicles and plasma membrane, suggesting that leukolysin can be mobilized by physiological signals to the extracellular milieu as a soluble enzyme. Indeed, interleukin 8, a neutrophil chemoattractant, triggered a release of approximately 85% of cellular leukolysins by a process resistant to a mixture of proteinase inhibitors, including aprotinin, BB-94, pepstatin, and E64. Finally, purified recombinant leukolysin can degrade components of the extracellular matrix. These results not only establish leukolysin as the first neutrophil-specific MT-MMP but also implicate it as a cytokine/chemokine-regulated effector during innate immune responses or tissue injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Kang
- Departments of Pharmacology and Neurosciences, University of Minnesota School of Medicine, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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Iida J, Pei D, Kang T, Simpson MA, Herlyn M, Furcht LT, McCarthy JB. Melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan regulates matrix metalloproteinase-dependent human melanoma invasion into type I collagen. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:18786-94. [PMID: 11278606 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010053200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Tumor cell adhesion and proteolysis of the extracellular matrix proteins surrounding the cells are tightly linked processes in tumor invasion. In this study, we sought to identify components of the cell surface of a vertical growth phase melanoma cell line, WM1341D, that mediate invasive cellular behavior. We determined by antisense inhibition that melanoma chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (MCSP) and membrane-type 3 matrix metalloproteinase (MT3-MMP) expressed on WM1341D are required for invasion of type I collagen and degradation of type I gelatin. MT3-MMP co-immunoprecipitated with MCSP in WM1341D melanoma cells cultured on type I collagen or laminin. The association between MT3-MMP and MCSP was largely disrupted by removing chondroitin sulfate glycosaminoglycan (CS) from the cell surface, suggesting CS could mediate the association between the two cell surface core proteins. Recombinant MT3-MMP and MT3-MMP from whole cell lysates of WM1341D cells were specifically eluted from CS- conjugated affinity columns. The results indicate that MT3-MMP possesses the potential to promote melanoma invasion and proteolysis and that the formation of a complex between MT3-MMP and MCSP may be a crucial step in activating these processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Iida
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Cancer Center, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55455, USA
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La J, Kim T, Sung T, Kang T, Lee J, Yang I. Involvement of nitric oxide and vasoactive intestinal peptide in the nonadrenergic-noncholinergic relaxation of the porcine retractor penis muscle. Jpn J Pharmacol 2001; 86:236-43. [PMID: 11459127 DOI: 10.1254/jjp.86.236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Neurotransmitters mediating nonadrenergic-noncholinergic (NANC) relaxation were investigated in strips of porcine retractor penis muscle (RPM). Muscle tone was raised by phenylephrine (1 microM) in the presence of atropine (1 microM) and guanethidine (50 microM). Upon electrical field stimulation (1 ms, 80 V, 1-32 Hz for 10 s), the initial fast relaxation was followed by the slow relaxation. Although the fast and the slow relaxation were completely abolished by tetrodotoxin (1 microM), they showed different pharmacological sensitivities to the nitric oxide (NO) synthase inhibitor N(omega)-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester (L-NAME, 0.1 mM). The fast relaxation was markedly inhibited by L-NAME in an L-arginine reversible manner and by oxyhemoglobin (50 microM), while the slow relaxation was hardly blocked by L-NAME. L-NAME and alpha-chymotrypsin (alpha-CT, 3 U/ml) selectively inhibited the fast and the slow relaxation, respectively. Alpha-CT abolished L-NAME-resistant slow relaxation, and L-NAME completely abolished the alpha-CT-resistant fast relaxation. Alpha-CT-resistant relaxation was not significantly different from the digitally calculated L-NAME-sensitive component, and L-NAME-resistant relaxation was similar to the digitally calculated alpha-CT-sensitive component. Vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP, 0.003-0.1 microM) relaxed porcine RPM in a concentration-dependent manner. The effect of a VIP was partially inhibited by a VIP receptor antagonist, VIP(10-28) (1 and 3 microM). L-NAME-resistant relaxation was also reduced by VIP(10-28) (3 microM) and by another putative antagonist, VIP(6-28) (1 microM), although the effects of the two antagonists were somewhat inconsistent. From the histochemical staining, it was verified that nerve bundles that showed VIP-like immunoreactivities were also positive for the NADPH diaphorase reaction. These results suggest that NO and peptide neurotransmitter(s) including VIP mediate the NANC relaxation in porcine RPM.
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Affiliation(s)
- J La
- Department of Veterinary Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Suwon, Republic of Korea
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Baek WC, Kang T, Sohn HJ, Kho YT. In situ surface enhanced Raman spectroscopic study on the effect of dissolved oxygen on the corrosion film on low carbon steel in 0.01 M NaCl solution. Electrochim Acta 2001. [DOI: 10.1016/s0013-4686(01)00442-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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