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Hirschhorn JW, Sasaki MM, Kegl A, Akter T, Dickerson T, Narlieva M, Nhan N, Liu T, Jim P, Young S, Orner E, Thwe P, Lucic D, Goldstein DY. Performance evaluation of the high-throughput quantitative Alinity m BK virus assay. J Clin Microbiol 2024; 62:e0135423. [PMID: 38526061 PMCID: PMC11005350 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.01354-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/26/2024] Open
Abstract
BK virus (BKV) infection or reactivation in immunocompromised individuals can lead to adverse health consequences including BKV-associated nephropathy (BKVAN) in kidney transplant patients and BKV-associated hemorrhagic cystitis (BKV-HC) in allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients. Monitoring BKV viral load plays an important role in post-transplant patient care. This study evaluates the performance of the Alinity m BKV Investigational Use Only (IUO) assay. The linearity of the Alinity m BKV IUO assay had a correlation coefficient of 1.000 and precision of SD ≤ 0.25 Log IU/mL for all panel members tested (2.0-7.3 Log IU/mL). Detection rate at 50 IU/mL was 100%. Clinical plasma specimens tested comparing Alinity m BKV IUO to ELITech MGB Alert BKV lab-developed test (LDT) on the Abbott m2000 platform using specimen extraction protocols for DNA or total nucleic acid (TNA) resulted in coefficient of correlation of 0.900 and 0.963, respectively, and mean bias of 0.03 and -0.54 Log IU/mL, respectively. Alinity m BKV IUO compared with Altona RealStar BKV and Roche cobas BKV assays demonstrated coefficient of correlation of 0.941 and 0.980, respectively, and mean bias of -0.47 and -0.31 Log IU/mL, respectively. Urine specimens tested on Alintiy m BKV IUO and ELITech BKV LDT using TNA specimen extraction had a coefficient of correlation of 0.917 and mean bias of 0.29 Log IU/mL. The Alinity m BKV IUO assay was performed with high precision across the dynamic range and correlated well with other available BKV assays. IMPORTANCE BK virus (BKV) in transplant patients can lead to adverse health consequences. Viral load monitoring is important in post-transplant patient care. This study evaluates the Alinity m BKV assay with currently available assays.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie W. Hirschhorn
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Mark M. Sasaki
- Molecular Diagnostics of Abbott, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
| | - April Kegl
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Tanisha Dickerson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, USA
| | - Momka Narlieva
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Nhi Nhan
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Tianxi Liu
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Patricia Jim
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Stephen Young
- TriCore Reference Laboratories, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA
| | - Erika Orner
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Phyu Thwe
- Department of Pathology, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Danijela Lucic
- Molecular Diagnostics of Abbott, Des Plaines, Illinois, USA
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Akter T, Robert S, Babic N. Urine Benzodiazepine Screening in Lorazepam-Treated Patients: Which Test to Trust? J Appl Lab Med 2023; 8:1173-1177. [PMID: 37478838 DOI: 10.1093/jalm/jfad044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 07/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Akter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Sophie Robert
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Nikolina Babic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
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3
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Faysal MR, Akter T, Hossain MS, Begum S, Banu M, Sarkar S, Krishna SP, Sultana I, Hoque MR. Study of Serum Zinc Level in Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:992-997. [PMID: 37777891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
A major global public health concern is the prevalence of diabetes mellitus, especially in developing countries like Bangladesh. While still battling communicable diseases, Bangladesh is already inundated with non-communicable diseases. Type 2 diabetes has been found in almost 90.0% of all instances of diabetes. The main risk factors for type 2 diabetes are an excessively caloric diet, advanced age, sedentary behavior and obesity. Along with preexisting risk factors, many micro-nutrients have been related to a rise in the incidence of diabetes. The study's objective was to measure and contrast the zinc levels in serum between individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus and healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 at the Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Based on inclusion and exclusion criteria, the subjects were chosen using a purposeful (non-random) sample method. In total, 100 people participated in this study. They were divided into two groups: 50 individuals who had been diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus were chosen as cases and 50 individuals who appeared to be in generally excellent health were chosen as controls. For the analytical aims of this investigation, serum zinc levels were examined. All values were expressed as the mean SD. The statistical analyses were carried out using the Windows program statistics package for social science (SPSS). The statistical significance of the difference between the case and control groups was evaluated using the Student's unpaired 't' test. A thorough research revealed that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had significantly lower mean serum zinc levels than healthy controls (case group was 110.96±13.60 and control group 130.18±9.95μg/dl). Cross-sectional research was used in this study. The current study's findings showed that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had dramatically changed serum zinc levels. The study's hypothesis was verified as a result.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Faysal
- Dr Mohammad Robin Faysal, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Mimma AA, Akter T, Haque MA, Bhuiyan MAB, Chowdhury MZH, Sultana S, Islam SMN. Effect of Metarhizium anisopliae (MetA1) on growth enhancement and antioxidative defense mechanism against Rhizoctonia root rot in okra. Heliyon 2023; 9:e18978. [PMID: 37636386 PMCID: PMC10450861 DOI: 10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e18978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhizoctonia solani is an important necrotrophic pathogenic fungus that causes okra root disease and results in severe yield reduction. Many biocontrol agents are being studied with the intent of improving plant growth and defense systems and reducing crop loss by preventing fungal infections. Recently, a member of the Hypocrealean family, Metarhizium anisopliae, has been reported for insect pathogenicity, endophytism, plant growth promotion, and antifungal potentialities. This research investigated the role of M. anisopliae (MetA1) in growth promotion and root disease suppression in okra. The antagonism against R. solani and the plant growth promotion traits of MetA1 were tested in vitro. The effects of endophytic MetA1 on promoting plant growth and disease suppression were assessed in planta. Dual culture and cell-free culture filtrate assays showed antagonistic activity against R. solani by MetA1. Some plant growth promotion traits, such as phosphate solubilization and catalase activity were also exhibited by MetA1. Seed primed with MetA1 increased the shoot, root, leaves, chlorophyll content, and biomass content compared to control okra plants. The plants challenged with R. solani showed the highest hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and lipid peroxidation (MDA) contents in the leaves of okra. Whereas MetA1 applied plants showed a reduction of H2O2 and MDA by 5.21 and 14.96%, respectively, under pathogen-inoculated conditions by increasing antioxidant enzyme activities, including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD), glutathione S-transferase (GST), and ascorbate peroxidase (APX), by 30.11, 10.19, 5.62, and 5.06%, respectively. Moreover, MetA1 increased soluble sugars, carbohydrates, proline, and secondary metabolites, viz., phenol and flavonoid contents in okra resulting in a better osmotic adjustment of diseases infecting plants. MetA1 reduced disease incidence by 58.33% at 15 DAI compared to the R. solani inoculated plant. The results revealed that MetA1 improved plant growth, elevated the plant defense system, and suppressed root diseases caused by R. solani. Thus, MetA1 was found to be an effective candidate for the biological control program.
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Affiliation(s)
- Afsana Akter Mimma
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Ashraful Haque
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Abdullahil Baki Bhuiyan
- Department of Plant Pathology, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Md. Zahid Hasan Chowdhury
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Sharmin Sultana
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
| | - Shah Mohammad Naimul Islam
- Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University, Gazipur 1706, Bangladesh
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Harberg MR, Al-Mousily MF, Akter T, Babic N, Jackson LB. Persistent Elevation of Troponin I in a Pediatric Patient Resulting From Macrotroponin Complex. Pediatrics 2023; 151:190680. [PMID: 36799035 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2022-058374] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Although chest pain is a common chief complaint among pediatric patients, cardiac pathology historically has accounted for a small percentage of cases. However, the emergence of COVID-19 and particularly its potential for leading to multisystem inflammatory syndrome has changed the threshold for the evaluation of cardiac etiologies of chest pain. This evaluation often includes measurement of the serum cardiac troponin I level. We present a case of a 16-year-old male athlete who presented to an outside emergency department with chest pain and was found to have elevated serum troponin I levels. Despite sports restriction, his troponin level remained elevated for months in the absence of other clinical findings and he was subsequently referred to our outpatient pediatric cardiology clinic. Further laboratory evaluation revealed that, in addition to troponin I, the assay measured an immune complex of uncertain significance formed by anti-troponin I antibodies bound to troponin I, known as macrotroponin. Delayed clearance of this complex from the bloodstream can result in overestimation of troponin I levels that can affect clinical management and create anxiety for our patients and their families. Macrotroponin complex deserves increased recognition among the research and clinical communities, especially in the pediatric realm.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Tanjina Akter
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Nikolina Babic
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
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Sarkar M, Hannan M, Rasul M, Islam A, Akter T, Shah A. Nutrition and quality status of dry-salted Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) in the retail
market of Bangladesh. Food Res 2023. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.7(1).606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Hilsa (Tenualosa ilisha) is the national fish and geographical indication (GI) product of
Bangladesh. Salting is the most suitable and oldest method of Hilsa preservation in
Bangladesh. The quality of the traditionally salted dried fish in retail markets of
Bangladesh is doubtful. This study aimed to assess the organoleptic, nutritional,
biochemical, and safety attributes of dry-salted Hilsa. Organoleptic characteristics,
nutritional (proximate composition, salt content), biochemical (pH, total volatile basenitrogen (TBV-N), thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS)), and safety attributes
(total plate count, presence of coliform bacteria, Salmonella-Shigella, Staphylococcus,
enteropathogenic Vibrio, and heavy metals: Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb, Ni, Cu, Zn) of dry-salted
Hilsa was analyzed by standard methods. The product was organoleptically acceptable
(defect point score: 2.65). Moisture (48.16%), protein (29.95%), lipid (4.36%), ash
(17.53%), and salt (17.90%) content showed that the product was highly nutritious for
human consumption. The pH, TVB-N, and TBARS values were 6.21, 83.25 mg N/100 g,
and 4.18 mg MDA/Kg, respectively. Total plate count, coliform, Staphylococcus bacteria
were 7.87×104
, 6.96×103
, and 2.70×103 CFU/g, respectively, indicating that the
microbiological quality of the product was not satisfactory. However, Salmonella-Shigella
and Enteropathogenic Vibrio were not found in the samples. Amounts of Hg, Cd, Cr, Pb,
Ni, Cu, and Zn were 0.00005, 0.00004, 0.00112, 0.00102, 0.00134, 0.00167, and 0.00045
µg/g, respectively; which were within safety limit for human consumption. To improve
the quality of dry-salted Hilsa, processors, sellers, and other stakeholders should be
trained up properly.
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Faysal MR, Akter T, Hossain MS, Begum S, Banu M, Tasnim J, Sultana I, Krishna SP, Alam S, Akter T, Jenea AT. Study of Serum Calcium and Magnesium Levels in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:54-60. [PMID: 36594301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes mellitus is a significant global public health concern, particularly in emerging nations like Bangladesh. Bangladesh is already overrun with non-communicable diseases while still battling communicable diseases. About 90.0% of all cases of diabetes that have been diagnosed are type 2 diabetes. High calorie diet, age, sedentary lifestyle and obesity are the main risk factors for type 2 diabetes. Different micronutrients have been linked to an increased incidence of diabetes in addition to existing risk factors. The goal of the study was to assess the serum levels of calcium and magnesium in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus and compare them to those in healthy controls. This cross-sectional study was conducted from July 2018 to June 2019 at the Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Department of Biochemistry in cooperation with the Department of Endocrinology, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Purposive (non-random) sampling was used to pick the subjects based on inclusion and exclusion criteria. This study had 100 individuals in total. Out of them, 50 people with type 2 diabetes mellitus who had been diagnosed were chosen as cases, and another 50 people who appeared to be in generally good health were chosen as controls. Serum calcium and magnesium levels were measured for this study's analytical purposes. The mean±SD was used to express all values. The statistical package for social science (SPSS), a Windows application, was used to conduct the statistical analyses. Using the Student's unpaired 't' test, the statistical significance of the difference between the case and control groups was assessed. Following comprehensive analysis, it was discovered that type 2 diabetes mellitus patients had considerably lower mean serum calcium (in case group was 8.46±0.63 and control group 8.86±0.64mg/dl) and magnesium levels (in case group was 2.09±0.42 and control group 2.24±0.16mg/dl) than healthy controls. According to the results of the current investigation, patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus had significantly altered serum calcium and magnesium levels. As a result, the study's hypothesis was accepted.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Faysal
- Dr Mohammad Robin Faysal, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Begum S, Sultana I, Faysal MR, Alam S, Tasnim J, Akter T, Hossain MS, Banu M, Jenea AT, Hasan M, Krishna SP, Tuli JZ, Sarkar S, Akhter S. Study of Changes in Serum Copper Level in Patients with Acute Myocardial Infarction. Mymensingh Med J 2023; 32:39-43. [PMID: 36594298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) commonly known as heart attack is defined pathologically as the irreversible death of myocardial cells caused by ischemia. Risk factors include high blood pressure, smoking, diabetes, lack of exercise, obesity, high blood cholesterol and excessive alcohol intake. The major cause of acute MI is coronary atherosclerosis with superimposed luminal thrombus, which accounts for more than 80% of all infarcts. Micronutrients and trace elements are very essential for normal functioning of the body. Even though they are required in very small amount, an alteration in the level of this element may lead to serious diseases like CAD and its consequences. The injury induced by reperfusion of the ischemic myocardium could result partially from the cytotoxic effects of oxygen free radicals. Copper is involved in several of the reactions in the protection from free radical damage. So, this study was designed to evaluate serum cupper level in AMI patients. This case-control study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College, Mymensingh, Bangladesh from July 2016 to June 2017. Total number of subjects was 120 in number. Among them 60 were diagnosed case of acute myocardial infarction and 60 were apparently healthy volunteers. Data were collected using pre-designed data collection sheets. After proper counseling informed written consent was taken from the study population. The study revealed that mean serum copper level was higher in case group as compared to control group. The mean±SD values of copper were 105.44±24.15μg/dl and 146.49±23.52μg/dl in control and case group respectively. The level of significance was 0.001 (p<0.05). After analyzing the results of the study it is concluded that serum copper level was significantly higher in Acute Myocardial Infarction patients than normal individuals. Therefore, estimation of serum copper level in AMI patients might be useful to take appropriate measure to prevent free radical induced reperfusion injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Begum
- Dr Sumaiya Begum, Lecturer, Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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9
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Sultana I, Sultana N, Rabbany MA, Banu M, Begum S, Alam S, Tasnim J, Akter T, Hossain MS, Akter S, Faysal MR. Evaluation of Liver Function Tests in β-Thalassemia Major Children. Mymensingh Med J 2022; 31:894-899. [PMID: 36189529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Thalassemia is the most prevalent single gene defect in human beings worldwide. Repeated blood transfusions along with chelation therapy are mainstay of treatment in thalassemia patients. However these recurrent blood transfusions result in iron overload which along with chelation therapy causes deterioration of liver function. Aim of the study was to evaluate the liver function tests in β-thalassemia major patients. This cross sectional study was conducted in the Department of Biochemistry, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh from January 2017 to December 2017. In this study, 50 diagnosed patients of β Thalassemia major (Group A) and 50 apparently healthy children (Group B) of both sexes were selected from the department of Paediatrics, Dhaka medical college. The study parameters were serum ferritin, bilirubin, AST, ALT, ALP. The results were compared statistically between groups. Serum ferritin level (mean±SD) in thalassemic major patients in Group A (890±446.38 microgram/L) which is significantly higher above normal level. Serum bilirubin in Group A (3.27±2.62 mg/dl) and in Group B (0.48±0.24 mg/dl), Serum ALT in Group A (53.06±34.0 U/L) and in Group B (16.70±4.81 U/L), AST in Group A (84.56±33.54 U/L) and in Group B (11.60±2.72 U/L) and ALP levels in Group A (422.42±226.99 IU/L) and in Group B (221.86±80.54 IU/L). All the values were significantly higher (p<0.001) in β-thalassemia patient than that of normal children. This study concludes that liver function parameters are significantly higher in β thalassemia major patients. So routine evaluation of liver function tests may be advocated for thalassemic patients to predict early onset of hepatic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Sultana
- Dr Irin Sultana, Assistant Professor, Department of Biochemistry, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Akter T, Annamalai B, Obert E, Simpson KN, Rohrer B. Dabigatran and Wet AMD, Results From Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cell Monolayers, the Mouse Model of Choroidal Neovascularization, and Patients From the Medicare Data Base. Front Immunol 2022; 13:896274. [PMID: 35784301 PMCID: PMC9248746 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.896274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Age-related macular degeneration (AMD), the leading cause of irreversible blindness in elderly Caucasian populations, includes destruction of the blood-retina barrier (BRB) generated by the retinal pigment epithelium-Bruch’s membrane complex (RPE/BrM), and complement activation. Thrombin is likely to get access to those structures upon BRB integrity loss. Here we investigate the potential role of thrombin in AMD by analyzing effects of the thrombin inhibitor dabigatran. Material and Methods MarketScan data for patients aged ≥65 years on Medicare was used to identify association between AMD and dabigatran use. ARPE-19 cells grown as mature monolayers were analyzed for thrombin effects on barrier function (transepithelial resistance; TER) and downstream signaling (complement activation, expression of connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), and secretion of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)). Laser-induced choroidal neovascularization (CNV) in mouse is used to test the identified downstream signaling. Results Risk of new wet AMD diagnosis was reduced in dabigatran users. In RPE monolayers, thrombin reduced TER, generated unique complement C3 and C5 cleavage products, led to C3d/MAC deposition on cell surfaces, and increased CTGF expression via PAR1-receptor activation and VEGF secretion. CNV lesion repair was accelerated by dabigatran, and molecular readouts suggest that downstream effects of thrombin include CTGF and VEGF, but not the complement system. Conclusions This study provides evidence of association between dabigatran use and reduced exudative AMD diagnosis. Based on the cell- and animal-based studies, we suggest that thrombin modulates wound healing and CTGF and VEGF expression, making dabigatran a potential novel treatment option in AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Akter
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tanjina Akter, ; Bärbel Rohrer,
| | | | - Elisabeth Obert
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Kit N. Simpson
- Department of Healthcare Leadership and Management, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
| | - Bärbel Rohrer
- Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Department of Neurosciences, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, United States
- Ralph H. Johnson VA Medical Center, Division of Research, Charleston, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Tanjina Akter, ; Bärbel Rohrer,
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Munshi S, Abokor A, Islam T, Ishma T, Nur I, Ahmmed J, Akter T, Shewly S, Paul S. Screening the efficacy of extracts of different spices in inhibiting the growth of
foodborne bacterial isolates. Food Res 2022. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.6(1).289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Owing to the presence of a diverse group of phytochemicals, spices could be potential
sources of antibacterial and antioxidant agents. The present investigation was aimed to
determine and compare the antimicrobial activities of different spices. A total of 5 spices
including cardamom (Seeds, Elettaria cardamomum), cinnamon (Barks, Cinnamomum
verum), clove (Flower buds, Syzygium aromaticum), Indian bay leaf or Tejpat (Dried
leaves, Cinnamomum tamala), and cumin (Seeds, Cuminum cyminum) were collected.
Different extracts (crude, aqueous, ethanolic, and methanolic) of spices were prepared and
examined for antimicrobial activity against previously isolated foodborne bacterial
isolates. Extracts from the tested spices showed significant inhibitory effects (mostly with
>10 mm mean zone of inhibition) as revealed by the agar well diffusion technique. Clove
among the tested spices was found to be the prominent one in eliminating foodborne
pathogens. Methanolic extracts followed by ethanolic extracts were determined to be most
effective against the bacterial isolates when the relative effectivity of different extracts
was compared. The frequently encountered minimal inhibitory and bactericidal
concentrations of the spices were 12 and 24 mg/mL, respectively. All the spice extracts
showed considerable antimicrobial traits which validate their potential and applicability as
natural food preservatives and decontaminants.
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Akter T, Ishma T, Razzeb S, Uddin S, Islam M, Saha S, Shomi F, Feroz F, Acharjee M. Evaluation of microbial contamination level and the drug susceptible pattern of the isolates cultivated from famous dessert food. Food Res 2021. [DOI: 10.26656/fr.2017.5(1).452] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Present study endeavored to evaluate the microbial contamination level along with their
drug resistant pattern in some popular desert food items collected from different food
shops in Dhaka city, Bangladesh. The microbial evaluation was conducted through
conventional cultural methods and drug susceptibility test was executed through disc
diffusion method. All the samples were found to be contaminated with heterotrophic
bacteria as well as fungi within the range of 103
to 105 CFU/g. In case of specific
microflora, the growth of Staphylococcus spp. was very high in sweet, faluda, milk cake
and ice cream as estimated up to 105 CFU/g, halua and sweet yogurt showed 104 CFU/g
while rest of the samples revealed 103 CFU/g. E. coli was found only in faluda and ice
cream up to 103 CFU/g whereas Klebsiella spp. was estimated in all the samples within the
range of 102 CFU/g to 105 CFU/g. Salmonella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Bacillus spp.
were totally absent in all the samples. Most of the isolates were found to be resistant
against most of the antibiotics. Meanwhile, streptomycin (10 µg), gentamicin (10 µg),
azithromycin (15 µg), and nalidixic acid (5 µg) were effective drug against both E. coli
and Staphylococcus spp.
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Mahmod M, Junayed A, Bhowmick C, Sompa S, Sultana T, Akter T, Abedin M, Zubair M, Islam M, Mogal M, Khatun M, Sikder M. Antibacterial activity of silver nanoparticles synthesized from leaf and flower extracts of Galinsoga formosa. J Adv Biotechnol Exp Ther 2021. [DOI: 10.5455/jabet.2021.d118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Bonilla-Bird NJ, Ye Y, Akter T, Valdes-Bracamontes C, Darrouzet-Nardi AJ, Saupe GB, Flores-Marges JP, Ma L, Hernandez-Viezcas JA, Peralta-Videa JR, Gardea-Torresdey JL. Effect of copper oxide nanoparticles on two varieties of sweetpotato plants. Plant Physiol Biochem 2020; 154:277-286. [PMID: 32580091 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2020.06.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Little information is available on the interaction of CuO nanoparticles (nCuO) with tuberous roots. In this study, Beauregard-14 (B-14, low lignin) and Covington (COV, high lignin) sweetpotato varieties were cultivated until maturity in soil amended with nCuO, bulk copper oxide (bCuO) and CuCl2 at 25-125 mg/kg. The Cu treatments had no significant influence on chlorophyll content. Gas exchange parameters were not affected in B-14. In COV, however, at 125 mg/kg treatments, bCuO reduced the intercellular CO2 (11%), while CuCl2 increased it by 7%, compared with control (p ≤ 0.035). At 25 mg/kg nCuO increased the length of COV roots (20.7 ± 2.0 cm vs. 14.6 ± 0.8 cm, p ≤ 0.05). In periderm of B-14, nCuO, at 125 mg/kg, increased Mg by 232%, while the equivalent concentration of CuCl2 reduced P by 410%, compared with control (p ≤ 0.05). The data suggest the potential application of nCuO as nanofertilizer for sweetpotato storage root production.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Bonilla-Bird
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - Y Ye
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - T Akter
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - C Valdes-Bracamontes
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - A J Darrouzet-Nardi
- Biological Science Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - G B Saupe
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - J P Flores-Marges
- Autonomous University of Ciudad Juarez, Plutarco Elias Calles 1210, Ciudad Juarez, Chihuahua, CP, 32310, Mexico
| | - L Ma
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - J A Hernandez-Viezcas
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - J R Peralta-Videa
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States
| | - J L Gardea-Torresdey
- Environmental Science and Engineering PhD Program, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States; UC Center for Environmental Implications of Nanotechnology (UC CEIN), The University of Texas at El Paso, 500 West University Ave., El Paso, TX, 79968, United States.
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Khatun S, Hossain MA, Akter T, Banu MR, Kawser AQMR. Replacement of Sodium Bicarbonate and Micronutrients in Kosaric Medium With Banana Leaf Ash Extract for Culture of Spirulina Platensis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020. [DOI: 10.3329/aba.v23i1.51472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Spirulina platensis is one of the most promising microalgae for culture due to its high nutritional values. The main constraint to its production is the high cost of culture media. Therefore, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the growth performance of S. platensis with the aim of replacing sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3) and mineral nutrients in Kosaric medium (KM) with banana leaf ash extract. KM was used as control medium in treatment T1. In treatments T2 to T5, 50% of NaHCO3 in KM was replaced with banana leaf ash extract (BLAE). In addition, micronutrients in KM were reduced to 75%, 50% and 25% in treatments T3 to T5, respectively. The values of different physical and chemical parameters (temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen and light intensity) of the culture media were within the suitable range for S. platensis culture. Optical density in treatments T2 and T3 were similar to that was in treatment T1. Maximum cell dry weight (0.65 gL-1) was observed in treatment T1 and it was similar to the treatments T2 and T3 where 50% of NaHCO3 in KM was replaced with banana leaf ash extract with 100% and 75% micronutrients supply, respectively. The similar trend was found in chlorophyll a content. It was evident that 50% of NaHCO3 in KM can be replaced with BLAE for the culture of S. platensis, in addition micronutrients in KM can be reduced to 75%.
Ann. Bangladesh Agric. (2019) 23(1) : 37-47
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Volkmann ER, Tashkin DP, Kuwana M, Li N, Roth MD, Charles J, Hant FN, Bogatkevich GS, Akter T, Kim G, Goldin J, Khanna D, Clements PJ, Furst DE, Elashoff RM, Silver RM, Assassi S. Progression of Interstitial Lung Disease in Systemic Sclerosis: The Importance of Pneumoproteins Krebs von den Lungen 6 and CCL18. Arthritis Rheumatol 2019; 71:2059-2067. [PMID: 31233287 PMCID: PMC6883123 DOI: 10.1002/art.41020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the relationship between Krebs von den Lungen 6 (KL-6) and CCL18 levels and the severity and progression of systemic sclerosis (SSc)-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS Patients enrolled in the Scleroderma Lung Study II (cyclophosphamide [CYC] versus mycophenolate mofetil [MMF]) were included. Baseline and 12-month plasma samples were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess CCL18 and KL-6 levels. The forced vital capacity (FVC) and the diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DLco) were measured every 3 months. Joint models were created to investigate the relationship between baseline CCL18 and KL-6 levels and the course of the FVC and DLco over 1 year according to treatment arm. RESULTS Baseline KL-6 and CCL18 levels each correlated with the extent of radiographic fibrosis. Levels of both CCL18 and KL-6 declined significantly at 1 year. In both treatment arms (n = 71 for CYC, n = 62 for MMF), a higher baseline KL-6 level predicted progression of ILD based on the course of FVC (P = 0.024 for CYC; P = 0.005 for MMF) and DLco (P < 0.001 for CYC; P = 0.004 for MMF) over 1 year. A higher baseline CCL18 level predicted progression of ILD based on the course of the FVC (P < 0.001 for CYC; P = 0.007 for MMF) and DLco (P = 0.001 for CYC; P < 0.001 for MMF) over 1 year, as well as mortality (P = 0.0008 for CYC arm only). CONCLUSION In a rigorously conducted clinical trial for SSc-related ILD, KL-6 and CCL18 levels correlated with ILD severity and declined with immunosuppression. Patients with higher baseline KL-6 and CCL18 levels were more likely to experience disease progression despite treatment. KL-6 and CCL18 levels could be used to identify patients with a progressive ILD phenotype who may benefit from a more aggressive initial treatment approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth R. Volkmann
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; USA
| | - Donald P. Tashkin
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; USA
| | - Masataka Kuwana
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical
School, Tokyo; Japan
| | - Ning Li
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, Los
Angeles; USA
| | - Michael D. Roth
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; USA
| | - Julio Charles
- University of Texas McGovern Medical School, Houston;
USA
| | - Faye N. Hant
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South
Carolina; Charleston, USA
| | | | - Tanjina Akter
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South
Carolina; Charleston, USA
| | - Grace Kim
- Department of Radiology, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; Los Angeles, USA
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los
Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles, USA
| | - Jonathan Goldin
- Department of Biostatistics, University of California, Los
Angeles, Fielding School of Public Health Los Angeles, USA
| | - Dinesh Khanna
- Department of Medicine, University of Michigan Medical
School; Ann Arbor, USA
| | - Philip J. Clements
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; USA
| | - Daniel E. Furst
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los
Angeles, David Geffen School of Medicine; USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Washington; Seattle,
USA
- Department of Rheumatology, University of Florence;
Florence, Italy
| | - Robert M. Elashoff
- Department of Biomathematics, University of California, Los
Angeles; USA
| | - Richard M. Silver
- Department of Medicine, Medical University of South
Carolina; Charleston, USA
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Silver RM, Wilson DA, Akter T, Atanelishvili I, Huggins JT, Kajdasz K, Highland KB, Nietert PJ, Bogatkevich GS. Safety and Tolerability of Thrombin Inhibition in Scleroderma-Associated Interstitial Lung Disease. ACR Open Rheumatol 2019; 1:403-411. [PMID: 31777820 PMCID: PMC6858036 DOI: 10.1002/acr2.11049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2019] [Accepted: 06/12/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Interstitial lung disease (ILD) is a frequent complication of systemic sclerosis (SSc) (scleroderma) and the leading cause of scleroderma‐related deaths. There exists an unmet need for a new drug therapy for ILD‐complicated SSc. Substantial evidence supports an important role for thrombin in the pathogenesis of SSc‐associated ILD (hereafter SSc‐ILD), and targeting thrombin with a direct thrombin inhibitor could prove to be a novel and effective treatment strategy. As a first step toward designing a clinical trial to test the efficacy of thrombin inhibition in SSc‐ILD, we conducted this study to test the safety and tolerability of dabigatran in patients with SSc‐ILD. Methods We performed a prospective, single‐center, open‐label treatment trial with the direct thrombin inhibitor, dabigatran, in patients with SSc‐ILD. Any patient with a history of gastrointestinal hemorrhage or gastric antral vascular ectasia was excluded. Blood monitoring was performed monthly, and patient‐reported outcomes, pulmonary function tests, and skin scores were obtained at baseline and at 3‐ and 6‐month visits. Bronchoscopy with bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) was performed at baseline and at 6 months for measurement of lung thrombin activity. Results Of 15 patients with SSc‐ILD, 14 completed 6 months of treatment with dabigatran at 75 mg taken orally twice daily. Adverse events were uncommon and usually mild or unrelated to the study medication. No serious adverse event was observed. Dabigatran was well tolerated, and we observed no significant gastrointestinal, pulmonary, or other safety issues or intolerability. BAL fluid thrombin activity decreased or remained stable in 13 of 14 (92.8%) subjects. Conclusion Dabigatran appears to be safe and well tolerated in patients with SSc‐ILD. A larger randomized controlled trial to test the efficacy of direct thrombin inhibition with dabigatran can be considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Silver
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
| | - D A Wilson
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
| | - T Akter
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
| | | | - J T Huggins
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
| | - K Kajdasz
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
| | | | - P J Nietert
- Medical University of South Carolina Charleston
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Moniruzzaman M, Ali MA, Akter T, Rashid MA, Kamruzzaman M, Latif T, Khan RH, Das MK, Sarker UK, Mazumder M. Comparison of Ultrasonogram of Brain Findings of Asphyxiated and Non-Asphyxiated Baby Admitted in Neonatal Ward in a Tertiary Level Hospital. Mymensingh Med J 2019; 28:497-502. [PMID: 31391417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Perinatal asphyxia is a major cause of neonatal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. A significant portion of patient with perinatal asphyxia is admitted with complications. Cerebral complications are the most devastating and the child may be left with lifelong neurological impairment. Therefore, the high index of suspicion, prompt recognition and thorough understanding of common sonographic abnormalities are necessary to ensure timely intervention, management and counseling. A hospital based case control study was conducted in the neonatal unit of Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Study period was six months (June 2012 to December 2012). This study was done to compare the ultra sonogram of brain findings of admitted asphyxiated babies with admitted non-asphyxiated babies. A total of 30 asphyxiated (case) and another 30 non-asphyxiated (control) neonate of this department were enrolled in the study. Necessary information was collected by taking detailed history, clinical examination and also close follow up of the neonates according to pre-designed questionnaire. The main outcome variable was abnormality in cranial ultrasound. Among case group (30 neonates), ultrasonogram of brain findings were abnormal in 9(30.0%) cases. Among them most common was ventricular dilatation 5(16.6%), followed by Intraventricular hemorrhage (IVH) 1(3.0%), intracranial hemorrhage 1(3.0%), HIE 1(3.0%) and cerebral edema in 1(3.0%) cases. On the contrarary, among asphyxiated control group all 30 cases had normal ultra sonogram of brain. In case group 22 babies had normal birth weight and 08 had low birth weight. Among the 22 normal birth weight neonates in case group total 6(27.2%) cases had abnormal ultra sonogram findings. Among normal birth weight cases 3(13.6%) had ventricular dilatation, 1(4.5%) Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), 1(4.5%) HIE, 1(4.5%) cerebral edema. Among 08 low birth weight neonates in case group total 3(37.5%) cases had abnormal ultrasonogram of brain finding. Among low birth weight cases 2(25%) had ventricular dilatation, 1(12.5%) IVH. Ultrasonogram brain findings difference between two groups was statistically significant. Abnormal findings were also common in low birth weight babies than normal birth weight babies. So, early detection of abnormal brain changes can help us for proper management and counseling.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Moniruzzaman
- Dr Morshed Md Moniruzzaman, Ex-Assistant Registrar, Department of Paediatrics, Mymensingh Medical College Hospital, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Atanelishvili I, Akter T, Noguchi A, Vuyiv O, Wollin L, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. Antifibrotic efficacy of nintedanib in a cellular model of systemic sclerosis-associated interstitial lung disease. Clin Exp Rheumatol 2019; 37 Suppl 119:115-124. [PMID: 31573469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Nintedanib is approved for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) and was demonstrated to slow disease progression in patients with IPF by reducing decline in forced vital capacity by 50%. Recently, nintedanib has been reported to exert anti-fibrotic activity on systemic sclerosis (scleroderma, SSc) skin fibroblasts and to diminish skin and lung fibrosis in mouse models. The goal of the present study was to determine the effects of nintedanib on a cellular model of SSc-associated interstitial lung disease (ILD). METHODS Study was performed using lung fibroblasts (LF) isolated from five patients with SSc-ILD and from three control subjects. RESULTS Nintedanib inhibited LF proliferation and migration in a concentration- and time-dependent manner. The proliferation rate of LF stimulated with PDGF in the presence of nintedanib was reduced 1.9-fold within 24 h as compared to cells stimulated with PDGF alone. Migration of SSc-ILD LF incubated with 100 nM nintedanib was reduced from 62.8±12.5% to 39.1±9.0% in the presence of PDGF and from 38.2±7.9% to 26.6±7.2% in serum-free medium. Nintedanib attenuated PDGF-induced Ca2+ efflux, reduced α-SMA promoter activity and α-SMA protein expression. Furthermore, nintedanib blocked PDGF-induced differentiation of normal LF to myofibroblasts, reduced production of collagen and fibronectin, and decreased contractility of SSc-ILD LF in both floating and fixed collagen gels. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate significant antifibrotic efficacy of nintedanib in SSc-ILD LF suggesting that nintedanib has the potential not only to prevent but also to reverse the increased activity of LF consequently attenuating excessive lung fibrosis observed in SSc-ILD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Atanelishvili
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Atsushi Noguchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; and Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Olha Vuyiv
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Lutz Wollin
- Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH & Co. KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Richard M Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Galina S Bogatkevich
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Akhter A, Das SC, Hasan MS, Akter T, Sultana M, Faruque S, Rashid MA, Dey B, Hossain MA, Akter S, Retee NN. Growth performance of local and genetically improved chicken of Bangladesh. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2018. [DOI: 10.3329/bjas.v47i2.40247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
The experiment was conducted to compare the growth performance among four genotypes of indigenous chicken namely Non-descriptive Native (ND), genetically Improved Native (IN), Hilly (HC) and Naked Neck (NN) of Bangladesh under free-range rearing system. A total of 288 day old chicks (DOC) from four genotypes were divided into four treatments having eight replications of each for a period of 12 weeks under free-range system with supplementation of commercial broiler diet. During first 4 weeks, all chicks were kept together, whereas chicks of ND was brooded in the same room but separated by a partition. At 5 weeks of age chicks were randomly distributed to the selected farmers. Growth parameters were recorded to determine the comparative growth performance among four genotypes of chicken. The highest body weight (1110.76 g/bird) was achieved by HC, followed by IN (900.63 g/bird) and NN (831.13 g/bird) at 12 weeks of age. The lowest body weight (734.13 g/bird) however was found in ND chicken. During the growing period under free range rearing (5-12 weeks), HC group consumed the highest amount of feed (2697.02 g/bird) with an average FCR of 3.06 while the lowest feed consumption (2666.13 g/bird) with the highest FCR of 4.90 was observed in ND. IN consumed (2674.63 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 3.92 and BLRI improved NN consumed (2668.13 g/bird) feed with an average FCR of 4.19. Live weight gains in all the four genotypes of indigenous chicken were changed almost in a similar pattern. Significant differences were observed in live weight, dressing percentage, breast meat, drumstick, thigh meat among the four genotypes of chicken. The HC was superior to other genotypes of indigenous chicken including ND in terms of growth performance, meat yield characteristics and net returns.
Bang. J. Anim. Sci. 2018. 47 (2):76-84
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Akter T, Atanelishvili I, Noguchi A, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. Establishment of an indirect ELISA for detection of the novel antifibrotic peptide M10. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0188588. [PMID: 29176766 PMCID: PMC5703532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0188588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2017] [Accepted: 11/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE M10 is a ten amino acid peptide generated from the intracellular cytoplasmic tail of the hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor c-Met following cleavage by caspase-3. Recently we reported that M10 interacts with Smad2 and demonstrates antifibrotic properties in vitro and in vivo and can be advanced into a novel antifibrotic remedy. The current study was undertaken to develop an immunoassay to measure M10 concentration in biological specimens. EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN An Indirect Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) for detection of M10 in biological fluids was developed using pharmaceutical grade synthetic M10 as a calibrator and commercially available anti-c-Met C12 antibody. RESULTS M10 ELISA specifically detected in plasma M10, but not a scrambled peptide, following a single intraperitoneal administration of M10 (1mg/kg) to mice. The detection limit was 9.6 ng/ml, and the measuring limit was between 15 ng/ml and 200 ng/ml. The recovery limits of M10 were between 80% and 120%; intra-assay coefficient of variation was between 5.3% and 6.3%; inter-assay coefficient of variation was between 5.0% and 8.0% over the buffer concentration tested in the range from 15 ng /ml to 250 ng /ml. The peak of M10 concentration following a single intraperitoneal injection (1mg/kg) was achieved within 6 hours and declined to minimal levels by 48 hours. The experimentally obtained half-life for M10 was comparable to the theoretically predicted half-life for M10. CONCLUSIONS We have established a highly sensitive ELISA to detect the antifibrotic peptide M10 in plasma samples, which should prove to be a novel tool to study the pharmacokinetics and efficacy of M10 in the treatment of fibroproliferative disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanjina Akter
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Ilia Atanelishvili
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Noguchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Division of Rheumatology, Endocrinology and Nephrology, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Richard M. Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Galina S. Bogatkevich
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Debnath MR, Debnath CR, Ahamed NU, Shahjahan SM, Ahmed SM, Nahar J, Akter T. Sonographic Evaluation of Colonic Carcinoma in Comparison to Colonoscopy. Mymensingh Med J 2017; 26:1-6. [PMID: 28260747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Colon cancer is one of the main causes of cancer death. Diagnosis requires the examination of the entire large bowel by means of radiological or endoscopic techniques. Though there is not a remarkable advancement in gastrointestinal (GI) tract evaluations, the modern radiological imaging methods emphasize the importance of ultrasonography (US) evaluations and stand US out as the scanning method in malignancies of the GI tract. The objective of this study is to investigate the role of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of cancers of the colon & it's accuracy in comparison to colonoscopy. This cross sectional analytical study included a total of 62 patients, including 38(61.29%) male and 24(38.71%) female patients who came at Mymensingh Medical College Hospital & Popular Diagnostic Center, Mymensingh from January 2013 to November 2015 & whose ultrasonography and endoscopic examinations were planned with suspicion of colon cancer. Considering the colonoscopic biopsy as a gold standard, the sensibility, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV) and negative predictive value (NPV) of the ultrasonography were evaluated manually. All patients underwent ultrasonography and colonoscopy and results were compared with histopathologic diagnosis. Malignancy was histopathologically identified in 37(59.68%) patients. The sensitivity of ultrasound to identify colon cancer was 86.48%, its specificity was 84%, positive predictive value and negative predictive value was 88.89% & 80.77% respectively. The sensitivity of endoscopic intervention was 100%, its specificity was 96% and positive predictive value was 93.7%. Likewise, a series of analytical and clinical parameters were evaluated, in an attempt to establish associated factors of a colon cancer by means of the statistical package SPSS 13.0 for Windows. Therefore, we believe that abdominal ultrasonography which is non-invasive, easily accessible, cost-efficient method may detect a colonic mass or wall thickening consistent with a colonic carcinoma with a high degree of accuracy.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Debnath
- Dr Manju Rani Debnath, Lecturer, Department of Pharmacology, Mymensingh Medical College (MMC), Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Akter T, Dawson A, Sibbritt D. The determinants of essential newborn care for home births in Bangladesh. Public Health 2016; 141:7-16. [PMID: 27932018 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2016.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2015] [Revised: 07/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/06/2016] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of sociodemographic, antenatal and delivery care factors with the essential newborn care (ENC) practices of neonates born at home in Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN This study analyzed data of a cross-sectional survey-the Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey, 2011. METHODS This analysis considered 3190 most recent live-born infants who were delivered at home within three years of the survey. Logistic regression models were used to identify the factors affecting the implementation of six ENC practices, namely using disinfected instruments to cut the umbilical cord, avoidance of application of any substances to the umbilical cord stump, immediate drying and wrapping of newborns, delayed bathing of newborns, and immediate initiation of breastfeeding. RESULTS Factors affecting ENC practices in Bangladesh are low parental education, low utilization of antenatal care services, the absence of skilled birth attendants, smaller size at birth, higher birth order and mother's age at birth. Regional factors also seem to considerably affect ENC practices. CONCLUSION There is ample scope to improve the coverage of ENC practices in Bangladesh. Health promotion programmes that target parents with low education and older mothers may help to build awareness of ENC practices. This investigation provides insight into the key determinants of ENC practices, which require consideration when scaling up ENC practices in low-income and lower middle-income countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akter
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Building 10, 235-253 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - A Dawson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Building 10, 235-253 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
| | - D Sibbritt
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, Building 10, 235-253 Jones St, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia.
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Atanelishvili I, Shirai Y, Akter T, Noguchi A, Ash KT, Misra S, Ghatak S, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. D1398G Variant of MET Is Associated with Impaired Signaling of Hepatocyte Growth Factor in Alveolar Epithelial Cells and Lung Fibroblasts. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162357. [PMID: 27584154 PMCID: PMC5008815 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis represents the terminal stage of a diverse group of lung diseases including scleroderma associated interstitial lung disease. The molecular mechanisms underlying the pathogenesis of lung fibrosis are not well understood and there is a great need for more effective treatment for this lethal disease. We recently discovered a small fragment of hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) receptor MET as a peptide designated “M10,” with strong antifibrotic properties. Furthermore, we showed that aspartic acid at position 1398 of MET is essential for M10 generation. The current study was undertaken to investigate the D1398G variant of MET in which aspartic acid at position 1398 was mutated to glycine resulting in loss of M10. We demonstrate that lung fibroblasts, A549, and primary alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) expressing D1398G MET exhibit reduced auto-phosphorylation on tyrosine residues and reduced activation of Ras and MAPK. HGF treatment of scleroderma lung fibroblasts as well as HGF treatment of TGFβ-treated normal lung fibroblasts transfected with wild type MET is associated with decreased collagen, connective tissue growth factor (CTGF, CCN2) and smooth muscle α-actin (SMA). However, HGF has no such effects in cells transfected with MET D1398G. Cisplatin- and FasL-induced apoptosis is significantly reduced in AEC transfected with MET wild type, but not in AEC transfected with MET D1398G. We conclude that the D1398G variant of MET is associated with compromised phosphorylation and impaired HGF signaling in lung fibroblasts and AEC, two cell types implicated in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis associated with scleroderma. Ongoing studies will explore the frequency of this variant and its relationship to pulmonary outcomes in scleroderma patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Atanelishvili
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Atsushi Noguchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Kurt T. Ash
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Suniti Misra
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Sibnath Ghatak
- Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Richard M. Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
| | - Galina S. Bogatkevich
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Atanelishvili I, Shirai Y, Akter T, Buckner T, Noguchi A, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. M10, a caspase cleavage product of the hepatocyte growth factor receptor, interacts with Smad2 and demonstrates antifibrotic properties in vitro and in vivo. Transl Res 2016; 170:99-111. [PMID: 26772959 PMCID: PMC4789156 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Revised: 12/13/2015] [Accepted: 12/16/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Hepatocyte growth factor receptor, also known as cellular mesenchymal-epithelial transition factor (c-MET, MET), is an important antifibrotic molecule that protects various tissues, including lung, from injury and fibrosis. The intracellular cytoplasmic tail of MET contains a caspase-3 recognition motif "DEVD-T" that on cleavage by caspase-3 generates a 10-amino acid peptide, TRPASFWETS, designated as "M10". M10 contains at its N-terminus the uncharged amino acid proline (P) directly after a cationic amino acid arginine (R) which favors the transport of the peptide through membranes. M10, when added to cell culture medium, remains in the cytoplasm and nuclei of cells for up to 24 hours. M10 effectively decreases collagen in both scleroderma and TGFβ-stimulated normal lung and skin fibroblasts. M10 interacts with the Mad Homology 2 domain of Smad2 and inhibits TGFβ-induced Smad2 phosphorylation, suggesting that the antifibrotic effects of M10 are mediated in part by counteracting Smad-dependent fibrogenic pathways. In the bleomycin murine model of pulmonary fibrosis, M10 noticeably reduced lung inflammation and fibrosis. Ashcroft fibrosis scores and lung collagen content were significantly lower in bleomycin-treated mice receiving M10 as compared with bleomycin-treated mice receiving scrambled peptide. We conclude that M10 peptide interacts with Smad2 and demonstrates strong antifibrotic effects in vitro and in vivo in an animal model of lung fibrosis and should be considered as a potential therapeutic agent for systemic sclerosis and other fibrosing diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Atanelishvili
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Yuichiro Shirai
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; Department of Allergy and Rheumatology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Taylor Buckner
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA; South Carolina Governor's School for Science & Mathematics; Honors College at the College of Charleston, USA
| | - Atsushi Noguchi
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Richard M Silver
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Galina S Bogatkevich
- Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA.
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Akter T, Dawson A, Sibbritt D. What impact do essential newborn care practices have on neonatal mortality in low and lower-middle income countries? Evidence from Bangladesh. J Perinatol 2016; 36:225-30. [PMID: 26633143 DOI: 10.1038/jp.2015.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2015] [Revised: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 10/19/2015] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the impact of essential newborn care (ENC) practices on the mortality of neonates delivered at home in Bangladesh. STUDY DESIGN This study used cross-sectional data from the 2011 Bangladesh Demographic and Health Survey. Adjusted logistic regression model was used to examine the effect of ENC practices on neonatal mortality based on 3190 live-born infants. RESULT Delayed bathing (72 h after delivery) significantly contributed to reducing neonatal mortality. A significant but counterintuitive relation was observed between the dry cord care and neonatal deaths. CONCLUSION Neonatal mortality may be reduced through emphasizing delayed bathing. Specific guidelines on the cleanliness of the fabric used to dry and wrap newborns, as well as emphasizing the use of clean delivery kits and initiation of immediate and exclusive breastfeeding, may improve neonatal outcomes. Further, the ENC guidelines in Bangladesh should include the application of topical antiseptics to the cord stump.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akter
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - A Dawson
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - D Sibbritt
- Faculty of Health, University of Technology, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Ali E, Zachariah R, Dahmane A, Van den Boogaard W, Shams Z, Akter T, Alders P, Manzi M, Allaouna M, Draguez B, Delchevalerie P, Harries AD. Peanut-based ready-to-use therapeutic food: acceptability among malnourished children and community workers in Bangladesh. Public Health Action 2015; 3:128-35. [PMID: 26393015 DOI: 10.5588/pha.12.0077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 02/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the acceptability of a ready-to-use therapeutic food (Plumpy'nut(®) [PPN]) among 1) care givers of malnourished children and 2) community health workers (CHWs) at a nutrition rehabilitation centre in an urban slum in Dhaka, Bangladesh. METHODS This was a cross-sectional semi-structured questionnaire survey conducted between April and June 2011 as part of a nutritional programme run by Médecins Sans Frontières. The study population included care givers of malnourished children aged 6-59 months who received PPN for at least 3 weeks, and CHWs. RESULTS Of the 149 care givers (93% female) interviewed, 60% expressed problems with PPN acceptability. Overall, 43% perceived the child's dissatisfaction with the taste, 31% with consistency and 64% attributed side effects to PPN (nausea, vomiting, loose motion, diarrhoea, abdominal distension and pain). It is to be noted that 47% of children needed encouragement or were forced to eat PPN, while 5% completely rejected it after 3 weeks. Of the 29 CHWs interviewed, 48% were dissatisfied with PPN's taste and consistency, and 55% with its smell. However, 91% of the care givers and all CHWs still perceived a therapeutic benefit of PPN for malnourished children. CONCLUSION Despite a therapeutic benefit, only 4 in 10 care givers perceived PPN as being acceptable as a food product, which is of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Ali
- Medical Department (Operational Research), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - R Zachariah
- Medical Department (Operational Research), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - A Dahmane
- Medical Department (Operational Research), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - W Van den Boogaard
- Medical Department (Operational Research), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | | | | | - P Alders
- Brussels Operational Centre, MSF, Brussels, Belgium
| | - M Manzi
- Medical Department (Operational Research), Médecins Sans Frontières (MSF), Luxembourg, Luxembourg
| | - M Allaouna
- Brussels Operational Centre, MSF, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Draguez
- Brussels Operational Centre, MSF, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | - A D Harries
- International Union Against Tuberculosis and Lung Disease, Paris, France ; London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, London, UK
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Akter T, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Rahman M, Russell M, Arifeen SE. Is there any association between parental education and child mortality? A study in a rural area of Bangladesh. Public Health 2015; 129:1602-9. [PMID: 26363670 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhe.2015.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess the association between parental education and under-five mortality, using the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) data from rural Bangladesh. It also investigated whether the association of parental education with under-five mortality had changed over time. STUDY DESIGN This study was nested in the IMCI cluster randomized controlled trial. METHODS Participants considered for the analysis were all children aged under five years from the baseline (1995-2000) and the final (2002-2007) IMCI household survey. The analysis sample included 39,875 and 38,544 live births from the baseline and the final survey respectively. The outcome variable was under-five mortality and the exposure variables were mother's and father's education. Data were analysed with logistic regression. RESULTS In 2002-2007, the odds of the under-five mortality were 38% lower for the children with mother having secondary education, compared to the children with uneducated mother. For similar educational differences for fathers, at the same time period, the odds of the under-five mortality were 16% lower. The association of mother's education with under-five mortality was significantly stronger in 2002-2007 compared to 1995-2000. CONCLUSIONS Mother's education appears to have a strong and significant association with under-five mortality, compared to father's education. The association of mother's education with under-five mortality appears to have increased over time. Our findings indicate that investing on girls' education is a good strategy to combat infant mortality in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akter
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - D M E Hoque
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - E K Chowdhury
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - M Rahman
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
| | - M Russell
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, The University of Melbourne, VIC 3010, Australia.
| | - S E Arifeen
- Centre for Child and Adolescent Health, International Centre for Diarrhoeal Disease Research, Bangladesh (ICDDR,B), Mohakhali, Dhaka 1212, Bangladesh.
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Islam MN, Hasina K, Reza MS, Hasanuzzaman SM, Akter T, Talukder SA. Urinary tract anomalies in patients with anorectal malformation. Mymensingh Med J 2015; 24:352-355. [PMID: 26007265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Urinary tract anomalies are common associated anomalies in anorectal malformation (ARM) and major contributory factor for high morbidity and mortality in ARM. In this study, urinary tract anomalies were evaluated in 72 patients of ARM (43 high varieties & 29 low varieties) that were admitted in Dhaka Medical College & Hospital (DMCH) during the period of January 2007 to April 2008. In all cases, evaluation was done by ultrasonogram (USG) and voiding cysto-urethrography (VCUG). Intravenous urography (IVU) was done in selected cases. Urinary tract anomalies were found in 20(27.85%) cases of ARM patients. These anomalies were significantly higher 16(37.2%) in high variety of ARM than 4(13.8%) those with low variety of ARM. The pattern of urological anomalies were vesicoureteral reflux (VUR - 35%), hydronephrosis due to PUJ obstruction (25%), posterior urethral valve (PUV - 15%), renal agenesis (10%), duplex ureter (10%) and bladder diverticulum (5%). Before definite management of ARM urological evaluation is essential to prevent renal damage and to reduce the morbidity and mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- M N Islam
- Dr Md Nazrul Islam, Medical Officer, Department of Paediatric Surgery, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University, Shahbagh, Dhaka, Bangladesh; E-mail:
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Zulfiker AHM, Hoque MA, Akter T, Afroz A, Momin AM. Pharmacological investigation of selected medicinal plants of Bangladesh. TROP J PHARM RES 2014. [DOI: 10.4314/tjpr.v13i11.22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Atanelishvili I, Liang J, Akter T, Spyropoulos DD, Silver RM, Bogatkevich GS. Thrombin increases lung fibroblast survival while promoting alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis via the endoplasmic reticulum stress marker, CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2014; 50:893-902. [PMID: 24279877 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2013-0317oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells (AECs) and survival of lung fibroblasts are critical events in the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis; however, mechanisms underlying the apoptosis of AECs and the resistance of lung fibroblasts to apoptosis remain obscure. Herein, we demonstrate that the fate of these two cell types depends on the expression of CCAAT enhancer-binding homologous protein (CHOP). We observed that thrombin, which is overexpressed in scleroderma (SSc; systemic sclerosis) and other interstitial lung diseases (ILDs), increases the expression of CHOP in primary AECs and in A549 cells via an Ets1-dependent pathway. In addition, thrombin activates caspase-3 in AECs and induces apoptosis of these cells in a CHOP-dependent manner. In contrast, thrombin decreases endoplasmic reticulum stress-induced CHOP in lung fibroblasts through Myc-dependent mechanisms and protects such cells from apoptosis. Furthermore, when lung fibroblasts are transfected with recombinant CHOP, they then undergo apoptosis, even in the presence of thrombin, suggesting that CHOP signaling pathways are downstream of thrombin. In accordance with the differential effects of thrombin on AECs and lung fibroblasts, we observed strong expression of CHOP in AECs in fibrotic lung tissue isolated from patients with SSc-associated ILD (SSc-ILD), but not in lung myofibroblasts nor in normal lung tissue. Expression of CHOP in SSc lung is accompanied by positive staining for the thrombin receptor, protease-activated receptor-1, and for terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling, suggesting roles for both thrombin and CHOP in AEC apoptosis in SSc-ILD. We conclude that regulation of CHOP by thrombin directs AECs toward apoptosis while promoting survival of lung fibroblasts, ultimately contributing to the persistent fibroproliferation seen in SSc-ILD and other fibrosing lung diseases.
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Coaxum SD, Blanton MG, Joyner A, Akter T, Bell PD, Luttrell LM, Raymond JR, Lee MH, Blichmann PA, Garnovskaya MN, Saigusa T. Epidermal growth factor-induced proliferation of collecting duct cells from Oak Ridge polycystic kidney mice involves activation of Na+/H+ exchanger. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2014; 307:C554-60. [PMID: 25055824 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00188.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor (EGF) is linked to the pathogenesis of polycystic kidney disease (PKD). We explored signaling pathways activated by EGF in orpk cilia (-) collecting duct cell line derived from a mouse model of PKD (hypomorph of the Tg737/Ift88 gene) with severely stunted cilia, and in a control orpk cilia (+) cell line with normal cilia. RT-PCR demonstrated mRNAs for EGF receptor subunits ErbB1, ErbB2, ErbB3, ErbB4, and mRNAs for Na(+)/H(+) exchangers (NHE), NHE-1, NHE-2, NHE-3, NHE-4, and NHE-5 in both cell lines. EGF stimulated proton efflux in both cell lines. This effect was significantly attenuated by MIA, 5-(n-methyl-N-isobutyl) amiloride, a selective inhibitor of NHE-1 and NHE-2, and orpk cilia (-) cells were more sensitive to MIA than control cells (P < 0.01). EGF significantly induced extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK) phosphorylation in both cilia (+) and cilia (-) cells (63.3 and 123.6%, respectively), but the effect was more pronounced in orpk cilia (-) cells (P < 0.01). MIA significantly attenuated EGF-induced ERK phosphorylation only in orpk cilia (-) cells (P < 0.01). EGF increased proliferation of orpk cilia (+) cells and orpk cilia (-) cells, respectively, and MIA at 1-5 μM attenuated EGF-induced proliferation in orpk cilia (-) cells without affecting proliferation of orpk cilia (+) cells. EGF-induced proliferation of both cell lines was significantly decreased by the EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor AG1478 and MEK inhibitor PD98059. These results suggest that EGF exerts mitogenic effects in the orpk cilia (-) cells via activation of growth-associated amiloride-sensitive NHEs and ERK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonya D Coaxum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Mary G Blanton
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Alisha Joyner
- College of Medicine, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Rheumatology and Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - P Darwin Bell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; Medical and Research Services of the Ralph H. Johnson VAMC, Charleston, Carolina
| | - Louis M Luttrell
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
| | - John R Raymond
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical College of Wisconsin and the Medical Service of the Clement J. Zablocki VA Medical Center, Milwaukee, Wisconsin
| | - Mi-Hye Lee
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina; and
| | - Paul A Blichmann
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Maria N Garnovskaya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina
| | - Takamitsu Saigusa
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, South Carolina;
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Ghatak S, Bogatkevich GS, Atnelishvili I, Akter T, Feghali-Bostwick C, Hoffman S, Fresco VM, Fuchs JC, Visconti RP, Markwald RR, Padhye SB, Silver RM, Hascall VC, Misra S. Overexpression of c-Met and CD44v6 receptors contributes to autocrine TGF-β1 signaling in interstitial lung disease. J Biol Chem 2013; 289:7856-72. [PMID: 24324260 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m113.505065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) and the HGF receptor Met pathway are important in the pathogenesis of interstitial lung disease (ILD). Alternatively spliced isoforms of CD44 containing variable exon 6 (CD44v6) and its ligand hyaluronan (HA) alter cellular function in response to interaction between CD44v6 and HGF. TGF-β1 is the crucial cytokine that induces fibrotic action in ILD fibroblasts (ILDFbs). We have identified an autocrine TGF-β1 signaling that up-regulates both Met and CD44v6 mRNA and protein expression. Western blot analysis, flow cytometry, and immunostaining revealed that CD44v6 and Met colocalize in fibroblasts and in tissue sections from ILD patients and in lungs of bleomycin-treated mice. Interestingly, cell proliferation induced by TGF-β1 is mediated through Met and CD44v6. Further, cell proliferation mediated by TGF-β1/CD44v6 is ERK-dependent. In contrast, action of Met on ILDFb proliferation does not require ERK but does require p38(MAPK). ILDFbs were sorted into CD44v6(+)/Met(+) and CD44v6(-)/Met(+) subpopulations. HGF inhibited TGF-β1-stimulated collagen-1 and α-smooth muscle cell actin expression in both of these subpopulations by interfering with TGF-β1 signaling. HGF alone markedly stimulated CD44v6 expression, which in turn regulated collagen-1 synthesis. Our data with primary lung fibroblast cultures with respect to collagen-1, CD44v6, and Met expressions were supported by immunostaining of lung sections from bleomycin-treated mice and from ILD patients. These results define the relationships between CD44v6, Met, and autocrine TGF-β1 signaling and the potential modulating influence of HGF on TGF-β1-induced CD44v6-dependent fibroblast function in ILD fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shibnath Ghatak
- From the Department of Regenerative Medicine and Cell Biology and
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Akter T, Tabassum S, Jahan M, Nessa A, Islam MN, Giasuddin M. Isolation of herpes simplex viruses by chick embryo culture. Mymensingh Med J 2013; 22:365-369. [PMID: 23715363] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The chick embryo is a versatile host system in diagnostic virology, especially for isolation of herpes simplex viruses. In this study, samples obtained from 57 clinically diagnosed patients with active herpetic lesions (35 genital & 22 non-genital) were cultured by chick embryo method for isolation of herpes simplex virus. After inoculation onto the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of 10-11 days old chick embryo, typical CAM reactions (pocks) appeared in 23(40.3%) samples after 3 days. CAM reactions were identified and typed by direct fluorescence antibody test and 22(95.6%) of 23 isolates gave positive results. Of this, 9(40.9%) were HSV-1 & 13(59.1%) were HSV-2. HSV-1 was isolated from 8(36.4%) of non-genital samples and from 1(7.1%) genital sample. HSV-2 was isolated from 13(92.8%) of genital samples, but none were isolated from non-genital samples. High isolation rate was obtained from vesicular stage of both non-genital (71.5%) and genital (57.1%) samples and from early lesions (sampled within 72 hours) of non-genital (50%) and genital (52.9%) specimen. The chorioallantoic membrane of chick embryo it is a simple, cheap and efficient method of cultivation of some viruses, including HSV. Thus, in settings where cell culture facilities are not available, it can be used for the isolation of herpes simplex viruses from clinical samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akter
- Department of Microbiology, Holy Family Red Crescent Medical College, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Akter T, Tabassum S, Nessa A, Jahan M. A simple biological marker to differentiate the types of Herpes Simplex Viruses in resource-limited settings. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012; 38:23-6. [DOI: 10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Herpes simplex viruses (HSV) multiply readily on the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of embryonated hens egg and produce easily visible foci or pocks on this membrane. In the present study, pocks produced by the two antigenic types of HSV (1 & 2) were compared to evaluate the effectiveness of typing HSV isolates by pock size on CAMs. A total of 57 HSV isolates from both non-genital and genital samples were typed by the pock size produced on the CAMs of fertile hens eggs. Twenty two HSV isolates yielded visible pocks on CAM, of which 9 (40.9%) produced small pocks, while 13 (59.1%) produced large pocks. All pocks produced on CAM were confirmed by antigenic typing by the Direct Fluorescent Antibody (DFA) method. HSV isolates which produced small pocks were in complete (100%) concordance with HSV type-1, while those producing larger pocks were in full (100%) concordance with HSV type-2. Thus, the pock size on CAM of embryonated fertile hens egg may be used as a simple and relatively inexpensive biological marker for the differentiation of HSV types 1 & 2. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v38i1.10448 Bangladesh Med Res Counc Bull 2012; 38: 23-26
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Moore O, Goh N, Corte T, Rouse H, Hennessy O, Byron J, Thakkar V, Sahhar J, Roddy J, Youssef P, Nash P, Zochling J, Proudman S, Stevens W, Nikpour M, Moore O, Goh N, Corte T, Rouse H, Hennessy O, Byron J, Thakkar V, Sahhar J, Roddy J, Youssef P, Nash P, Zochling J, Proudman S, Stevens W, Nikpour M, Tourkina E, Dyer S, Reese C, Oates JC, Hofbauer A, Bonner M, Visconti RP, Zhang J, Silver RM, Hoffman S, Liu X, Mayes M, Tan F, Harper B, Gonzalez E, Draeger H, Sharif R, Reveille J, Arnett F, Assassi S, Bogatkevich G, Akter T, Atanelishvili I, Liang J, Spyropoulos D, Silver R. S.2.1 Identifying and quantifying prognostic factors in SSc-related interstitial lung disease using a time-varying covariate survival model. Rheumatology (Oxford) 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/rheumatology/ker468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Bogatkevich GS, Ludwicka-Bradley A, Nietert PJ, Akter T, van Ryn J, Silver RM. Antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects of the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate in a murine model of interstitial lung disease. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 63:1416-25. [PMID: 21312187 DOI: 10.1002/art.30255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Activation of the coagulation cascade leading to generation of thrombin has been documented extensively in various forms of lung injury, including that associated with systemic sclerosis. We previously demonstrated that the direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran inhibits thrombin-induced profibrotic signaling in lung fibroblasts. This study was undertaken to test whether dabigatran etexilate attenuates lung injury in a murine model of interstitial lung disease. METHODS Lung injury was induced in female C57BL/6 mice by a single intratracheal instillation of bleomycin. Dabigatran etexilate was given as supplemented chow beginning on day 1 of bleomycin instillation (early treatment, study of antiinflammatory effect) or on day 8 following bleomycin instillation (late treatment, study of antifibrotic effect). Mice were killed 2 weeks or 3 weeks after bleomycin instillation, and lung tissue, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and plasma were investigated. RESULTS Both early treatment and late treatment with dabigatran etexilate attenuated the development of bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis. Dabigatran etexilate significantly reduced thrombin activity and levels of transforming growth factor β1 in BAL fluid, while simultaneously reducing the number of inflammatory cells and protein concentrations. Histologically evident lung inflammation and fibrosis were significantly decreased in dabigatran etexilate-treated mice. Additionally, dabigatran etexilate reduced collagen, connective tissue growth factor, and α-smooth muscle actin expression in mice with bleomycin-induced lung fibrosis, whereas it had no effect on basal levels of these proteins. CONCLUSION Inhibition of thrombin using the oral direct thrombin inhibitor dabigatran etexilate has marked antiinflammatory and antifibrotic effects in a bleomycin model of pulmonary fibrosis. Our data provide preclinical information about the feasibility and efficacy of dabigatran etexilate as a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of interstitial lung disease.
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Coaxum SD, Blanton MG, Bunni MA, Akter T, Bell PD, Raymond JR, Garnovskaya MN. Epidermal growth factor‐induced proliferation of renal cells from a mouse model of polycystic kidney disease involves multiple signaling pathways. FASEB J 2011. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.25.1_supplement.lb505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sonya D Coaxum
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Mary G Blanton
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Marlene A Bunni
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - Tanjina Akter
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
| | - P. Darwin Bell
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
- Research ServiceRalph H. Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSC
| | | | - Maria N Garnovskaya
- Medicine/NephrologyMedical University of South CarolinaCharlestonSC
- Research ServiceRalph H. Johnson VA Medical CenterCharlestonSC
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El Arifeen S, Baqui AH, Victora CG, Black RE, Bryce J, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Begum N, Akter T, Siddik A. Sex and socioeconomic differentials in child health in rural Bangladesh: findings from a baseline survey for evaluating Integrated Management of Childhood Illness. J Health Popul Nutr 2008; 26:22-35. [PMID: 18637525 PMCID: PMC2740675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
This paper reports on a population-based sample survey of 2,289 children aged less than five years (under-five children) conducted in 2000 as a baseline for the Bangladesh component of the Multi-country Evaluation (MCE) of the Integrated Management of Childhood Illness strategy. Of interest were rates and differentials by sex and socioeconomic status for three aspects of child health in rural Bangladesh: morbidity and hospitalizations, including severity of illness; care-seeking for childhood illness; and home-care for illness. The survey was carried out among a population of about 380,000 in Matlab upazila (subdistrict). Generic MCE Household Survey tools were adapted, translated, and pretested. Trained interviewers conducted the survey in the study areas. In total, 2,289 under-five children were included in the survey. Results showed a very high prevalence of illness among Bangladeshi children, with over two-thirds reported to have had at least one illness during the two weeks preceding the survey. Most sick children in this population had multiple symptoms, suggesting that the use of the IMCI clinical guidelines will lead to improved quality of care. Contrary to expectations, there were no significant differences in the prevalence of illness either by sex or by socioeconomic status. About one-third of the children with a reported illness did not receive any care outside the home. Of those for whom outside care was sought, 42% were taken to a village doctor. Only 8% were taken to an appropriate provider, i.e. a health facility, a hospital, a doctor, a paramedic, or a community-based health worker. Poorer children than less-poor children were less likely to be taken to an appropriate healthcare provider. The findings indicated that children with severe illness in the least poor households were three times more likely to seek care from a trained provider than children in the poorest households. Any evidence of gender inequities in child healthcare, either in terms of prevalence of illness or care-seeking patterns, was not found. Care-seeking patterns were associated with the perceived severity of illness, the presence of danger signs, and the duration and number of symptoms. The results highlight the challenges that will need to be addressed as IMCI is implemented in health facilities and extended to address key family and community practices, including extremely low rates of use of the formal health sector for the management of sick children. Child health planners and researchers must find ways to address the apparent population preference for untrained and traditional providers which is determined by various factors, including the actual and perceived quality of care, and the differentials in care-seeking practices that discriminate against the poorest households.
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Arifeen SE, Bryce J, Gouws E, Baqui AH, Black RE, Hoque DME, Chowdhury EK, Yunus M, Begum N, Akter T, Siddique A. Quality of care for under-fives in first-level health facilities in one district of Bangladesh. Bull World Health Organ 2005; 83:260-267. [PMID: 15868016 PMCID: PMC2626213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The multi-country evaluation of Integrated Management of Childhood Illness (IMCI) effectiveness, cost and impact (MCE) is a global evaluation to determine the impact of IMCI on health outcomes and its cost-effectiveness. MCE studies are under way in Bangladesh, Brazil, Peru, Uganda and the United Republic of Tanzania. The objective of this analysis from the Bangladesh MCE study was to describe the quality of care delivered to sick children under 5 years old in first-level government health facilities, to inform government planning of child health programmes. METHODS Generic MCE Health Facility Survey tools were adapted, translated and pre-tested. Medical doctors trained in IMCI and these tools conducted the survey in all 19 health facilities in the study areas. The data were collected using observations, exit interviews, inventories and interviews with facility providers. FINDINGS Few of the sick children seeking care at these facilities were fully assessed or correctly treated, and almost none of their caregivers were advised on how to continue the care of the child at home. Over one-third of the sick children whose care was observed were managed by lower-level workers who were significantly more likely than higher-level workers to classify the sick child correctly and to provide correct information on home care to the caregiver. CONCLUSION These results demonstrate an urgent need for interventions to improve the quality of care provided for sick children in first-level facilities in Bangladesh, and suggest that including lower-level workers as targets for IMCI case-management training may be beneficial. The findings suggest that the IMCI strategy offers a promising set of interventions to address the child health service problems in Bangladesh.
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Affiliation(s)
- S E Arifeen
- International Centre for Diarrhoeal Diseases Research, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
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Abstract
Conventional four-electrode impedance measurements (FEIM) cannot localize a zone of interest in a volume conductor. On the other hand, the recently developed electrical impedance tomography (EIT) system offers an image with reasonable resolution, but is complex and needs many electrodes. By placing two FEIM systems perpendicular to each other over a common zone at the center and combining the two results, it is possible to obtain enhanced sensitivity over this central zone. This is the basis of the proposed new method of focused impedance measurement (FIM). Sensitivity maps in both 2D and 3D show the desired improvement. A comparison of stomach-emptying studies also indicates the improvement achieved. This new method may be useful for impedance measurements of large organs like stomach, heart, and lungs. Being much simpler in comparison to EIT, multifrequency systems can be simply built for FIM. Besides, FIM may have utility in other fields like geology where impedance measurements are performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K S Rabbani
- Department of Physics, University of Dhaka, Bangladesh
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