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Vo LT, Nguyen DT, Tran TN, Tran HHT, Đoan TTH, Pham TN, Mai TTH, Nguyen QXT, Nguyen TK, Nguyen TTK, Burza S, Nguyen TT. Pediatric Profound Dengue Shock Syndrome and Use of Point-of-Care Ultrasound During Mechanical Ventilation to Guide Treatment: Single-Center Retrospective Study, 2013-2021. Pediatr Crit Care Med 2024; 25:e177-e185. [PMID: 37966344 PMCID: PMC10986784 DOI: 10.1097/pcc.0000000000003413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Profound dengue shock syndrome (DSS) complicated by severe respiratory failure necessitating mechanical ventilation (MV) accounts for high case fatality rates among PICU-admitted patients. A major challenge to management is the assessment of intravascular volume, which can be hampered by severe plasma leakage and the use of MV. DESIGN Retrospective cohort, from 2013 to 2021. PATIENTS Sixty-seven children with profound DSS supported by MV, some of whom underwent bedside point-of-care ultrasound (POCUS) for assessment and monitoring of hemodynamics and fluid administration. SETTING PICU of the tertiary Children's Hospital No. 2 in Vietnam. INTERVENTIONS None. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS We analyzed data clinical and laboratory data during PICU stay. In particular, during use of MV (i.e., at times 0-, 6-, and 24-hr after commencement) and fluid resuscitation. The primary study outcome was 28-day in-hospital mortality, and the secondary outcomes were associations with changes in hemodynamics, blood lactate, and vasoactive-inotrope score (VIS). Patients had a median age of 7 years (interquartile range, 4-9). Use of POCUS during fluid management (39/67), as opposed to not using (28/67), was associated with lower mortality (6/39 [15%] vs. 18/28 [64%]; difference 49 % [95% CI, 28-70%], p < 0.001). Use of POCUS was associated with lower odds of death (adjusted odds ratio 0.17 [95% CI, 0.04-0.76], p = 0.02). The utilization of POCUS, versus not, was associated with greater use of resuscitation fluid, and reductions in VIS and pediatric logistic organ dysfunction (PELOD-2) score at 24 hours after MV and PICU discharge. CONCLUSIONS In our experience of pediatric patients with profound DSS and undergoing MV (2013-2021), POCUS use was associated with lower odds of death, a higher volume of resuscitation fluid, and improvements in the blood lactate levels, VIS, and PELOD-2 score.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luan Thanh Vo
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Dat Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thinh Ngoc Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Hang Hoang-Thanh Tran
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Trang Thi-Hoai Đoan
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Tram Ngoc Pham
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thanh Thi-Hoai Mai
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | | | - Thuan Khac Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Thuong Thi-Kim Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
| | - Sakib Burza
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Health in Harmony, London, United Kingdom
| | - Thanh Tat Nguyen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Children Hospital No. 2, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
- London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, United Kingdom
- Texila American University, Georgetown, Guyana
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Hanoi, Vietnam
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de Bruijn I, Kundra R, Mastrogiacomo B, Tran TN, Sikina L, Mazor T, Li X, Ochoa A, Zhao G, Lai B, Abeshouse A, Baiceanu D, Ciftci E, Dogrusoz U, Dufilie A, Erkoc Z, Garcia Lara E, Fu Z, Gross B, Haynes C, Heath A, Higgins D, Jagannathan P, Kalletla K, Kumari P, Lindsay J, Lisman A, Leenknegt B, Lukasse P, Madela D, Madupuri R, van Nierop P, Plantalech O, Quach J, Resnick AC, Rodenburg SY, Satravada BA, Schaeffer F, Sheridan R, Singh J, Sirohi R, Sumer SO, van Hagen S, Wang A, Wilson M, Zhang H, Zhu K, Rusk N, Brown S, Lavery JA, Panageas KS, Rudolph JE, LeNoue-Newton ML, Warner JL, Guo X, Hunter-Zinck H, Yu TV, Pilai S, Nichols C, Gardos SM, Philip J, Kehl KL, Riely GJ, Schrag D, Lee J, Fiandalo MV, Sweeney SM, Pugh TJ, Sander C, Cerami E, Gao J, Schultz N. Analysis and Visualization of Longitudinal Genomic and Clinical Data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative in cBioPortal. Cancer Res 2023; 83:3861-3867. [PMID: 37668528 PMCID: PMC10690089 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-0816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/30/2023] [Indexed: 09/06/2023]
Abstract
International cancer registries make real-world genomic and clinical data available, but their joint analysis remains a challenge. AACR Project GENIE, an international cancer registry collecting data from 19 cancer centers, makes data from >130,000 patients publicly available through the cBioPortal for Cancer Genomics (https://genie.cbioportal.org). For 25,000 patients, additional real-world longitudinal clinical data, including treatment and outcome data, are being collected by the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative using the PRISSMM data curation model. Several thousand of these cases are now also available in cBioPortal. We have significantly enhanced the functionalities of cBioPortal to support the visualization and analysis of this rich clinico-genomic linked dataset, as well as datasets generated by other centers and consortia. Examples of these enhancements include (i) visualization of the longitudinal clinical and genomic data at the patient level, including timelines for diagnoses, treatments, and outcomes; (ii) the ability to select samples based on treatment status, facilitating a comparison of molecular and clinical attributes between samples before and after a specific treatment; and (iii) survival analysis estimates based on individual treatment regimens received. Together, these features provide cBioPortal users with a toolkit to interactively investigate complex clinico-genomic data to generate hypotheses and make discoveries about the impact of specific genomic variants on prognosis and therapeutic sensitivities in cancer. SIGNIFICANCE Enhanced cBioPortal features allow clinicians and researchers to effectively investigate longitudinal clinico-genomic data from patients with cancer, which will improve exploration of data from the AACR Project GENIE Biopharma Collaborative and similar datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ino de Bruijn
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Pathology, Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ritika Kundra
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Luke Sikina
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Tali Mazor
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xiang Li
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Angelica Ochoa
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Gaofei Zhao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Bryan Lai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Adam Abeshouse
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Ersin Ciftci
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Ziya Erkoc
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | - Zhaoyuan Fu
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Benjamin Gross
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Charles Haynes
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Allison Heath
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - David Higgins
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | - Priti Kumari
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
- Caris Life Sciences, Irving, Texas
| | | | - Aaron Lisman
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - Divya Madela
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Joyce Quach
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Adam C. Resnick
- Children's Hospital of Philadelphia, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Rajat Sirohi
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | | | | | - Avery Wang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Manda Wilson
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Hongxin Zhang
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Kelsey Zhu
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | - Nicole Rusk
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Brown
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Xindi Guo
- Sage Bionetworks, Seattle, Washington
| | | | | | - Shirin Pilai
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | - John Philip
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | | | | | - Deborah Schrag
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jocelyn Lee
- American Association for Cancer Research: Project GENIE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Michael V. Fiandalo
- American Association for Cancer Research: Project GENIE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Shawn M. Sweeney
- American Association for Cancer Research: Project GENIE, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Trevor J. Pugh
- Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, University Health Network, Toronto, Canada
| | | | - Ethan Cerami
- Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jianjiong Gao
- Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Caris Life Sciences, Irving, Texas
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Choudhury NJ, Lavery JA, Brown S, de Bruijn I, Jee J, Tran TN, Rizvi H, Arbour KC, Whiting K, Shen R, Hellmann M, Bedard PL, Yu C, Leighl N, LeNoue-Newton M, Micheel C, Warner JL, Ginsberg MS, Plodkowski A, Girshman J, Sawan P, Pillai S, Sweeney SM, Kehl KL, Panageas KS, Schultz N, Schrag D, Riely GJ. The GENIE BPC NSCLC Cohort: A Real-World Repository Integrating Standardized Clinical and Genomic Data for 1,846 Patients with Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer. Clin Cancer Res 2023; 29:3418-3428. [PMID: 37223888 PMCID: PMC10472103 DOI: 10.1158/1078-0432.ccr-23-0580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2023] [Revised: 05/08/2023] [Accepted: 05/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE We describe the clinical and genomic landscape of the non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) cohort of the American Association for Cancer Research (AACR) Project Genomics Evidence Neoplasia Information Exchange (GENIE) Biopharma Collaborative (BPC). EXPERIMENTAL DESIGN A total of 1,846 patients with NSCLC whose tumors were sequenced from 2014 to 2018 at four institutions participating in AACR GENIE were randomly chosen for curation using the PRISSMM data model. Progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) were estimated for patients treated with standard therapies. RESULTS In this cohort, 44% of tumors harbored a targetable oncogenic alteration, with EGFR (20%), KRAS G12C (13%), and oncogenic fusions (ALK, RET, and ROS1; 5%) as the most frequent. Median OS (mOS) on first-line platinum-based therapy without immunotherapy was 17.4 months [95% confidence interval (CI), 14.9-19.5 months]. For second-line therapies, mOS was 9.2 months (95% CI, 7.5-11.3 months) for immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICI) and 6.4 months (95% CI, 5.1-8.1 months) for docetaxel ± ramucirumab. In a subset of patients treated with ICI in the second-line or later setting, median RECIST PFS (2.5 months; 95% CI, 2.2-2.8) and median real-world PFS based on imaging reports (2.2 months; 95% CI, 1.7-2.6) were similar. In exploratory analysis of the impact of tumor mutational burden (TMB) on survival on ICI treatment in the second-line or higher setting, TMB z-score harmonized across gene panels was associated with improved OS (univariable HR, 0.85; P = 0.03; n = 247 patients). CONCLUSIONS The GENIE BPC cohort provides comprehensive clinicogenomic data for patients with NSCLC, which can improve understanding of real-world patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noura J. Choudhury
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Jessica A. Lavery
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Samantha Brown
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ino de Bruijn
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Justin Jee
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Thinh Ngoc Tran
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Kathryn C. Arbour
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Karissa Whiting
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Ronglai Shen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | | | - Philippe L. Bedard
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Celeste Yu
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Natasha Leighl
- Cancer Clinical Research Unit, Princess Margaret Cancer Centre, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele LeNoue-Newton
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Christine Micheel
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
| | - Jeremy L. Warner
- Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Ingram Cancer Center, Nashville, Tennessee
- Lifespan Cancer Institute, Providence, Rhode Island
- Legorreta Cancer Center at Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island
| | - Michelle S. Ginsberg
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Andrew Plodkowski
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Jeffrey Girshman
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Peter Sawan
- Department of Radiology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shirin Pillai
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Shawn M. Sweeney
- American Association for Cancer Research, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Kenneth L. Kehl
- Department of Medical Oncology, Division of Population Sciences, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Katherine S. Panageas
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josee and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
| | - Deborah Schrag
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
| | - Gregory J. Riely
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York
- Department of Medicine, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, New York
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4
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Tran TN, Adler TJ, Yamlahi A, Christodoulou E, Godau P, Reinke A, Tizabi MD, Sauer P, Persicke T, Albert JG, Maier-Hein L. Sources of performance variability in deep learning-based polyp detection. Int J Comput Assist Radiol Surg 2023:10.1007/s11548-023-02936-9. [PMID: 37266886 PMCID: PMC10329574 DOI: 10.1007/s11548-023-02936-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Validation metrics are a key prerequisite for the reliable tracking of scientific progress and for deciding on the potential clinical translation of methods. While recent initiatives aim to develop comprehensive theoretical frameworks for understanding metric-related pitfalls in image analysis problems, there is a lack of experimental evidence on the concrete effects of common and rare pitfalls on specific applications. We address this gap in the literature in the context of colon cancer screening. METHODS Our contribution is twofold. Firstly, we present the winning solution of the Endoscopy Computer Vision Challenge on colon cancer detection, conducted in conjunction with the IEEE International Symposium on Biomedical Imaging 2022. Secondly, we demonstrate the sensitivity of commonly used metrics to a range of hyperparameters as well as the consequences of poor metric choices. RESULTS Based on comprehensive validation studies performed with patient data from six clinical centers, we found all commonly applied object detection metrics to be subject to high inter-center variability. Furthermore, our results clearly demonstrate that the adaptation of standard hyperparameters used in the computer vision community does not generally lead to the clinically most plausible results. Finally, we present localization criteria that correspond well to clinical relevance. CONCLUSION We conclude from our study that (1) performance results in polyp detection are highly sensitive to various design choices, (2) common metric configurations do not reflect the clinical need and rely on suboptimal hyperparameters and (3) comparison of performance across datasets can be largely misleading. Our work could be a first step towards reconsidering common validation strategies in deep learning-based colonoscopy and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany.
| | - T J Adler
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Yamlahi
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - E Christodoulou
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Godau
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - A Reinke
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - M D Tizabi
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - P Sauer
- Interdisciplinary Endoscopy Center (IEZ), University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - T Persicke
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Robert-Bosch Hospital (RBK), Stuttgart, Germany
| | - J G Albert
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Endocrinology, Robert-Bosch Hospital (RBK), Stuttgart, Germany
- Clinic for General Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology, Hepatology and Infectiology, Pneumology, Klinikum Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - L Maier-Hein
- Division of Intelligent Medical Systems, DKFZ, Heidelberg, Germany
- Faculty of Mathematics and Computer Science, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), NCT Heidelberg, a Partnership Between DKFZ and University Medical Center Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Tran TN, Khushvaktov JH, Kryachko IA, Stegailov VI, Tyutyunnikov SI, Abduvaliev AA. Study of the effect of photon self-absorption on the detection efficiency of HPGe detector in measurements of an activated uranium sample. Appl Radiat Isot 2023; 196:110770. [PMID: 36958081 DOI: 10.1016/j.apradiso.2023.110770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/25/2023]
Abstract
The photon self-absorption effect of uranium on the full-energy peak (FEP) efficiency calibration of high purity germanium (HPGe) detector was studied as a function of energy using an activated uranium sample has a thickness of 1 mm. The absolute efficiencies of the detector were obtained with the use of gamma standard sources and gamma rays of radionuclides created by irradiating the uranium sample with secondary neutrons. The measurements were carried out with the use of a Planar HPGe detector. MCNP simulation code was used to verify the experimental results. The comparison of the empirical results with the simulation results showed a good agreement. To interpret the efficiencies, the reaction rates were calculated using two methods: (1) - the use of the efficiency curve from the standard sources combined with the self-absorption correction of the uranium material and (2) - the use of the efficiency curve obtained from gamma rays in the sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia; Institute of Physics, Vietnam Academy of Science and Technology, Hanoi, Viet Nam.
| | - J H Khushvaktov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
| | - I A Kryachko
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
| | - V I Stegailov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
| | - S I Tyutyunnikov
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
| | - A A Abduvaliev
- Joint Institute for Nuclear Research, Joliot-Curie 6, Dubna, Moscow Region, 141980, Russia
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Arora K, Tran TN, Kemel Y, Mehine M, Liu YL, Nandakumar S, Smith SA, Brannon AR, Ostrovnaya I, Stopsack KH, Razavi P, Safonov A, Rizvi HA, Hellmann MD, Vijai J, Reynolds TC, Fagin JA, Carrot-Zhang J, Offit K, Solit DB, Ladanyi M, Schultz N, Zehir A, Brown CL, Stadler ZK, Chakravarty D, Bandlamudi C, Berger MF. Genetic Ancestry Correlates with Somatic Differences in a Real-World Clinical Cancer Sequencing Cohort. Cancer Discov 2022; 12:2552-2565. [PMID: 36048199 PMCID: PMC9633436 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-22-0312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Accurate ancestry inference is critical for identifying genetic contributors of cancer disparities among populations. Although methods to infer genetic ancestry have historically relied upon genome-wide markers, the adaptation to targeted clinical sequencing panels presents an opportunity to incorporate ancestry inference into routine diagnostic workflows. We show that global ancestral contributions and admixture of continental populations can be quantitatively inferred using markers captured by the MSK-IMPACT clinical panel. In a pan-cancer cohort of 45,157 patients, we observed differences by ancestry in the frequency of somatic alterations, recapitulating known associations and revealing novel associations. Despite the comparable overall prevalence of driver alterations by ancestry group, the proportion of patients with clinically actionable alterations was lower for African (30%) compared with European (33%) ancestry. Although this result is largely explained by population-specific cancer subtype differences, it reveals an inequity in the degree to which different populations are served by existing precision oncology interventions. SIGNIFICANCE We performed a comprehensive analysis of ancestral associations with somatic mutations in a real-world pan-cancer cohort, including >5,000 non-European individuals. Using an FDA-authorized tumor sequencing panel and an FDA-recognized oncology knowledge base, we detected differences in the prevalence of clinically actionable alterations, potentially contributing to health care disparities affecting underrepresented populations. This article is highlighted in the In This Issue feature, p. 2483.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanika Arora
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thinh Ngoc. Tran
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yelena Kemel
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Robert and Kate Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Miika Mehine
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ying L. Liu
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Subhiksha Nandakumar
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Shaleigh A Smith
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - A. Rose Brannon
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Irina Ostrovnaya
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Konrad H. Stopsack
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Pedram Razavi
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Anton Safonov
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Hira A. Rizvi
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matthew D. Hellmann
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Joseph Vijai
- Robert and Kate Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Thomas C. Reynolds
- Office of Health Equity, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - James A. Fagin
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jian Carrot-Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kenneth Offit
- Robert and Kate Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - David B. Solit
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Marc Ladanyi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Nikolaus Schultz
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Ahmet Zehir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Carol L. Brown
- Department of Surgery, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Office of Health Equity, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Zsofia K. Stadler
- Robert and Kate Niehaus Center for Inherited Cancer Genomics, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Department of Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Debyani Chakravarty
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Chaitanya Bandlamudi
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
| | - Michael F. Berger
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Marie-Josée and Henry R. Kravis Center for Molecular Oncology, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
- Human Oncology and Pathogenesis Program, Memorial Sloan Kettering Cancer Center, New York, NY, USA
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Chen Y, Tran TN, Duong NMH, Li C, Toth M, Bradac C, Aharonovich I, Solntsev A, Tran TT. Optical Thermometry with Quantum Emitters in Hexagonal Boron Nitride. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2020; 12:25464-25470. [PMID: 32394697 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.0c05735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Nanoscale optical thermometry is a promising noncontact route for measuring local temperature with both high sensitivity and spatial resolution. In this work, we present a deterministic optical thermometry technique based on quantum emitters in nanoscale hexagonal boron nitride. We show that these nanothermometers show better performance than homologous, all-optical nanothermometers in both sensitivity and the range of working temperature. We demonstrate their effectiveness as nanothermometers by monitoring the local temperature at specific locations in a variety of custom-built microcircuits. This work opens new avenues for nanoscale temperature measurements and heat flow studies in miniaturized, integrated devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongliang Chen
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Thinh Ngoc Tran
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Ngoc My Hanh Duong
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Chi Li
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Milos Toth
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Carlo Bradac
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Igor Aharonovich
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
- ARC Center of Excellence for Transformative Meta-Optical Systems (TMOS), Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Alexander Solntsev
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
| | - Toan Trong Tran
- School of Mathematical and Physical Sciences, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW 2007, Australia
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Tran TN, Tran NB, Tran HMT, Tang HK, Ngo XM, Godin I, Michel O, Bouland C. Influence of type of dwelling on the prevalence of chronic respiratory diseases in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam. Int J Tuberc Lung Dis 2020; 24:316-320. [PMID: 32228762 DOI: 10.5588/ijtld.19.0043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
SETTING and OBJECTIVE: Exposure to pollutants is related to the type of dwelling inhabited. Besides tobacco smoke, indoor air pollution is a significant risk factor for chronic respiratory disease (CRD). The prevalence of CRD by type of dwelling was studied in Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam.DESIGN: A total of 1561 people living in four type of dwellings were enrolled. Information on respiratory health, lung function, dwelling characteristics and sources of indoor pollution was obtained using a symptom and demographics questionnaire and spirometry. The two main respiratory health outcomes were clinical chronic CRD (CCRD) and chronic obstructive respiratory disease (CORD) (forced expiratory volume in 1 sec/forced vital capacity <0.7). We used binary logistic regression adjusted for age, sex, time spent at home, smoking status, certain occupational exposures, previous tuberculosis, presence of pets, rats or cockroaches at home, wall dampness, biofuel use and use of airconditioning.RESULTS: The prevalence of CCRD (24.3%) and CORD (5.3%) in the type of dwellings studied were not similar (χ² P < 0.0001). CCRD and CORD prevalence was similar in tube houses and apartments. Compared to people living in apartments, those living in rental single rooms had a 46% higher risk of developing CCRD. The odds ratio of having CORD in people living in rental single rooms and in rural houses were respectively 4.64 (95%CI 1.97-10.5) and 2.99 (95%CI 1.21-7.37).CONCLUSION: Type of dwelling was associated with CCRD and CORD morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam, School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels
| | - N B Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - H M T Tran
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - H K Tang
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - X M Ngo
- Pham Ngoc Thach University of Medicine, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
| | - I Godin
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels
| | - O Michel
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Brugmann, ULB, Brussels, Belgium
| | - C Bouland
- School of Public Health, Université Libre de Bruxelles (ULB), Brussels
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Tran TN, Kowalczyk W, Hohn HP, Jäger M, Landgraeber S. Effect of the stiffness of bone substitutes on the biomechanical behaviour of femur for core decompression. Med Eng Phys 2016; 38:911-6. [PMID: 27282530 DOI: 10.1016/j.medengphy.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2015] [Revised: 05/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Core decompression is the most common procedure for treatment of the early stages of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. The purpose of this study was to compare the biomechanical performance of four different bone graft substitutes combined with core decompression. Subject-specific finite element models generated from computed tomography (CT) scan data were used for a comprehensive analysis. Two different contact conditions were simulated representing states of osseointegration at the interface. Our results showed that the use of a low-stiffness bone substitute did not increase the risk of femoral fracture in the early postoperative phase, but resulted in less micromotion and interfacial stresses than high-stiffness bone substitutes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Chair of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47045 Duisburg, Germany
| | - W Kowalczyk
- Chair of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47045 Duisburg, Germany
| | - H P Hohn
- Institute of Anatomy, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - M Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - S Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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10
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Tran TN, Selinger CI, Yu B, Ng CC, Kohonen-Corish MRJ, McCaughan B, Kennedy C, O'Toole SA, Cooper WA. Alterations of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor gene copy number and protein expression are common in non-small cell lung cancer. J Clin Pathol 2014; 67:985-91. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2014-202347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
AimsInsulin-like growth factor-1 receptor (IGF1R) is a tyrosine kinase membrane receptor involved in tumourigenesis that may be a potential therapeutic target. We aimed to investigate the incidence and prognostic significance of alterations in IGF1R copy number, and IGF1R protein expression in resected primary non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC), and lymph node metastases.MethodsIGF1R gene copy number status was evaluated by chromogenic silver in situ hybridisation and IGF1R protein expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry in tissue microarray sections from a retrospective cohort of 309 surgically resected NSCLCs and results were compared with clinicopathological features, including EGFR and KRAS mutational status and patient survival.ResultsIGF1R gene copy number status was positive (high polysomy or amplification) in 29.2% of NSCLC, and 12.1% exhibited IGF1R gene amplification. High IGF1R expression was found in 28.3%. There was a modest correlation between IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression (r=0.2, p<0.05). Alterations of IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression in primary tumours were significantly associated with alterations in lymph node metastases (p<0.01). High IGF1R gene copy number and protein expression was significantly higher in squamous cell carcinomas (SCC) compared with other subtypes of NSCLC (p<0.05). There were no other associations between IGF1R status and other clinicopathological features including patient age, gender, smoking status, tumour size, stage, grade, EGFR or KRAS mutational status or overall survival.ConclusionsHigh IGF1R gene copy number and protein overexpression are frequent in NSCLC, particularly in SCCs, but they are not prognostically relevant.
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Tran TN, Warwas S, Haversath M, Classen T, Hohn HP, Jäger M, Kowalczyk W, Landgraeber S. Experimental and computational studies on the femoral fracture risk for advanced core decompression. Clin Biomech (Bristol, Avon) 2014; 29:412-7. [PMID: 24629519 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinbiomech.2014.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2013] [Revised: 01/19/2014] [Accepted: 02/07/2014] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Two questions are often addressed by orthopedists relating to core decompression procedure: 1) Is the core decompression procedure associated with a considerable lack of structural support of the bone? and 2) Is there an optimal region for the surgical entrance point for which the fracture risk would be lowest? As bioresorbable bone substitutes become more and more common and core decompression has been described in combination with them, the current study takes this into account. METHODS Finite element model of a femur treated by core decompression with bone substitute was simulated and analyzed. In-vitro compression testing of femora was used to confirm finite element results. FINDINGS The results showed that for core decompression with standard drilling in combination with artificial bone substitute refilling, daily activities (normal walking and walking downstairs) are not risky for femoral fracture. The femoral fracture risk increased successively when the entrance point is located further distal. The critical value of the deviation of the entrance point to a more distal part is about 20mm. INTERPRETATION The study findings demonstrate that optimal entrance point should locate on the proximal subtrochanteric region in order to reduce the subtrochanteric fracture risk. Furthermore the consistent results of finite element and in-vitro testing imply that the simulations are sufficient.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany; Chair of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - S Warwas
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - M Haversath
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - T Classen
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - H P Hohn
- Department of Anatomy, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - M Jäger
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany
| | - W Kowalczyk
- Chair of Mechanics and Robotics, University of Duisburg-Essen, Lotharstr. 1, 47057 Duisburg, Germany
| | - S Landgraeber
- Department of Orthopaedics, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Hufelandstr. 55, 45147 Essen, Germany.
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Edgren G, Hjalgrim H, Tran TN, Rostgaard K, Shanwell A, Titlestad K, Jakobsson L, Gridley G, Wideroff L, Jersild C, Adami J, Melbye M, Reilly M, Nyrén O. A population-based binational register for monitoring long-term outcome and possible disease concordance among blood donors and recipients. Vox Sang 2006; 91:316-23. [PMID: 17105607 DOI: 10.1111/j.1423-0410.2006.00827.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Even with appropriate donor deferrals and advanced screening tests, the risk of disease transmission through blood transfusion cannot be completely disregarded. Efficient monitoring of possible disease transmission between blood donors and recipients should be an important component of a comprehensive haemovigilance system. MATERIALS AND METHODS We assembled the Scandinavian Donations and Transfusions (SCANDAT) database, with data on virtually all blood donors and recipients who have been registered at least once in any of the computerized local blood bank databases in Sweden and Denmark since the start of computerized registration in 1966. The records of these individuals, with their entire computerized donation and/or transfusion histories and all donor-component-recipient connections, were linked to nationwide population and health registers to attain essentially complete follow-up for up to 36 years regarding reproduction, hospital morbidity, cancer, and death. RESULTS After data cleaning, the database contained 1,134,290 blood donors who contributed 15,091,280 records of donations and 1,311,079 recipients who received 11,693,844 transfusions. The data quality in the existing data sources was satisfactory. From the data obtained from local blood banks, 4.6%, 1.6%, and 6.4% of the person, donation, and transfusion records, respectively, had to be discarded after review of the legitimacy of recorded values, and comparisons with independent, external databases. CONCLUSION It is possible to use existing computerized data, collected in routine health care, in haemovigilance systems for monitoring long-term outcome and disease concordance in blood donors and transfusion recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Edgren
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
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Moya-Falcón C, Hvattum E, Tran TN, Thomassen MS, Skorve J, Ruyter B. Phospholipid molecular species, beta-oxidation, desaturation and elongation of fatty acids in Atlantic salmon hepatocytes: effects of temperature and 3-thia fatty acids. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2006; 145:68-80. [PMID: 16872856 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2006.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2005] [Revised: 06/13/2006] [Accepted: 06/19/2006] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We have investigated the effects of a 3-thia fatty acid (TTA) and of temperature on the fatty acid (FA) metabolism of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). One experiment investigated the activity of the peroxisomal beta-oxidation enzyme, acyl-CoA oxidase (ACO), and the incorporation of TTA into phospholipid (PL) molecular species. Salmon hepatocytes in culture were incubated either without TTA (control(spades)) or with 0.8 mM TTA (TTA(spades)) in a short term (48 h) temperature study at 5 degrees C and at 12 degrees C. TTA was incorporated into the four PL classes studied: phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol (PI) and phosphatidylserine (PS). TTA was preferentially esterified with 18:1, 16:1, 20:4 and 22:6 in the PLs. Hepatocytes incubated with TTA had higher ACO activity at 5 degrees C than at 12 degrees C. In a second experiment salmon were fed a diet based on fish meal-fish oil without any TTA added (control) or a fish meal-fish oil diet supplemented with 0.6% TTA for 8 weeks at 12 degrees C and 20 weeks at 5 degrees C. At the end of the feeding trial, hepatocytes from fish acclimated to high or low temperatures were isolated from both dietary groups and incubated with either [1-(14)C]18:1 n-9 or [1-(14)C]20:4 n-3 at 5 degrees C or 12 degrees C. Radiolabelled 18:1 n-9 was mainly esterified into neutral lipids (NL), whereas [1-(14)C]20:4 n-3 was mainly esterified into PL at both temperatures. The rate of elongation of [1-(14)C]18:1 n-9 to 20:1 n-9 was twice as high in hepatocytes from fish fed the control diet than it was in hepatocytes from fish fed the TTA diet, at both temperatures. The amount of [1-(14)C]20:4 n-3 converted to 22:6 n-3 was approximately the same in hepatocytes from the two dietary groups, but there was a tendency to higher production of 22:6 n-3 at the lower temperature. Oxidation of [1-(14)C]18:1 n-9 to acid soluble products (ASP) and CO(2) was approximately 10-fold greater in hepatocytes kept at 5 degrees C than in those kept at 12 degrees C and the main oxidation products formed were acetate, oxaloacetate and malate.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Moya-Falcón
- AKVAFORSK, Institute of Aquaculture Research, P.O. Box 5010, NO-1432 As, Norway
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Vegusdal A, Ostbye TK, Tran TN, Gjøen T, Ruyter B. Beta-oxidation, esterification, and secretion of radiolabeled fatty acids in cultivated Atlantic salmon skeletal muscle cells. Lipids 2005; 39:649-58. [PMID: 15588022 DOI: 10.1007/s11745-004-1278-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The white muscle of Atlantic salmon metabolizes FA with different chain lengths and different saturations at different rates, but few details are available on the processes involved or the products formed. We have investigated how multinucleated muscle cells (myotubes) in culture metabolize [1-(14)C]8:0, [1-(14)C]18:1n-9, and [1-(14)C]20:5n-3. The myotubes were formed by the differentiation of isolated myosatellite cells from the white skeletal muscle of salmon fry. Almost all (98%) of the [1-(14)C]8:0 substrate was oxidized to acid-soluble products (ASP) and (14)CO2 after 48 h of incubation, whereas only approximately 50% of the [1-(14)C]18:1n-9 and [1-(14)C]20:5n-3 substrates were oxidized. However, only one cycle of beta-oxidation was measured by the method used. For all three substrates, the main ASP were acetate and a combined fraction of oxaloacetate and malate. Nearly twice as much radioactivity from the [1-(14)C]20:5n-3 substrate was found in the cellular lipids as radioactivity from [1-(14)C]18:1n-9, indicating that [1-(14)C]20:5n-3 was taken up into muscle cells more rapidly than [1-(14)C]18:1n-9. Approximately 10% of the added [1-(14)C]20:5n-3 substrate and 5% of the added [1-(14)C]18:1n-9 substrate was secreted from the muscle cells into the culture media as esterified lipids. Immunocytochemical staining showed that the cells synthesized apolipoprotein A-I. Differentiated muscle cells also expressed peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARalpha) and PPARbeta, two transcription factors that are involved in regulating beta-oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Vegusdal
- AKVAFORSK, Institute of Aquaculture Research, NO-1432 As, Norway.
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Tran TN, Christophersen BO. Studies on the transport of acetyl groups from peroxisomes to mitochondria in isolated liver cells oxidizing the polyunsaturated fatty acid 22:4n-6. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1533:255-65. [PMID: 11731335 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00159-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The oxidation of the fatty acid [1-(14)C]22:4n-6 was studied in isolated hepatocytes. Labeled acetate was the main acid soluble product identified by HPLC after short incubation periods. At low substrate concentrations and longer incubations [(14)C]acetate was gradually replaced by labeled beta-hydroxybutyrate, acetoacetate and oxaloacetate/malate. Preincubation with 2-tetradecylglycidic acid (TDGA), an inhibitor of mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation, did not reduce the oxidation but acetate was the only product recovered. TDGA also strongly inhibited the metabolism of added [1-(14)C]acetate to mitochondrial oxidation products. During the preparation procedure of hepatocytes the cellular L-carnitine concentration was decreased but it was restored after preincubation with L-carnitine. With low [1-(14)C]22:4n-6, concentrating a low level of [(14)C]acetate and high levels of labeled mitochondrial oxidation products were recovered after preincubation with L-carnitine. A small amount of [(14)C]acetylcarnitine was also detected under this incubation condition. The results suggest that a significant part of labeled acetyl groups from the peroxisomal oxidation of [1-(14)C]22:4n-6 is transported to the mitochondria as free acetate. Moreover, the results also suggest that L-carnitine at physiological concentrations may facilitate the transport of part of the acetyl groups from peroxisomes to mitochondria as acetylcarnitine. However, the possibility that an increased cellular L-carnitine concentration may stimulate oxidation of [1-(14)C]22:4n-6 in mitochondria could not be excluded.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, National Hospital, University of Oslo, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
Which cell type is responsible for the high levels of very long chain polyunsaturated fatty acids in testis and whether this fatty acid pattern is a result of a local synthesis are not presently known. In this study, fatty acid conversion from 20:4n-6 to 22:5n-6 and from 20:5n-3 to 22:6n-3 was investigated in isolated rat germ cells incubated with [1-14C]-labeled fatty acids. The germ cells elongated the fatty acids from 20- to 22-carbon atoms and from 22- to 24-carbon atoms but had a low delta6 desaturation activity. Thus, little [14C]22:5n-6 and [14C]22:6n-3 were synthesized. When Sertoli cells were incubated with [1-14C]20:5n-3 for 24 h, an active fatty acid elongation and desaturation were observed. In vivo germ cells normally have a higher content of 22:5n-6 or 22:6n-3 than Sertoli cells. An eventual transport of essential fatty acids from Sertoli cells to germ cells was thus studied. Different co-culture systems were used in which germ cells were on one side of a filter and Sertoli cells on the opposite side. When isolated pachytene spermatocytes or round spermatids were added to the opposite side of a semipermeable filter, approximately 1 nmol [14C]22:6n-3 crossed the filter. Little of this was esterified in the germ cells. Similarly, in using [1-14C]20:4n-6 in identical experiments, very little [14C]22:5n-6 was esterified in germ cells on the opposite side of the filter. Although the very active synthesis of 22:5n-6 and 22:6n-3 observed in Sertoli cells suggests a transport of these compounds to germ cells, this was not experimentally determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Retterstøl
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Andrology Laboratory, National Hospital, University of Oslo, Norway.
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Abstract
The essential fatty acid 22:6(n-3) is a minor component of the Western diet, but a major fatty acid in human testis and semen. In mature spermatozoa, the physical and fusogenic properties of the plasma membrane are probably influenced by its particular fatty acid composition. In this study, the synthesis of 22:6(n-3) and 22:5(n-6) was investigated in isolated human testicular cells. [1-(14)C]20:4(n-6), [1-(14)C]20:5(n-3), [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) and [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) were incubated in a 'crude' cell suspension (consisting of a mixture of the cells in the seminiferous tubule), and in fractionated pachytene spermatocytes and round spermatids. The esterification of fatty acids in lipid and phospholipid classes and the fatty acid chain elongation and desaturation were measured. The crude cell suspension metabolized the fatty acids more actively than did the fractionated germ cell suspension, indicating that types of cell other than the germ cells are important for fatty acid elongation and desaturation and thus the production of 22:6(n-3). This finding is in agreement with previous results in rats that indicated that the Sertoli cells are the most important type of cell for the metabolism of essential fatty acids in the testis. Some [1-(14)C]20:5(n-3) was elongated to [(14)C]22:5(n-3) in the fractionated germ cells, but very little was elongated further to [(14)C]24:5(n-3),possibly restricting the formation of [(14)C]22:6(n-3). In the fractionated germ cells, the fatty acid substrates were recovered primarily in the phospholipid fraction, indicating an incorporation in the membranes, whereas in the crude cells, more substrates were esterified in the triacylglycerol fraction. In the phospholipids, more radioactivity was recovered in phosphatidylcholine than in phosphatidylethanolamine and more radioactivity was recovered in phosphatidylethanolamine than in phosphatidylinositol or phosphatidylserine.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Retterstøl
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, Andrology Laboratory, National Hospital, University of Oslo, NO-0027 Oslo, Norway.
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Tran TN, Retterstøl K, Christophersen BO. Differences in the conversion of the polyunsaturated fatty acids [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) and [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) to [(14)C]22:5(n-6) and [(14)C]22:6(n-3) in isolated rat hepatocytes. Biochim Biophys Acta 2001; 1532:137-47. [PMID: 11420183 DOI: 10.1016/s1388-1981(01)00127-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The reasons why most cellular lipids preferentially accumulate 22:6(n-3) rather than 22:5(n-6) are poorly understood. In the present work the metabolisms of the precursor fatty acids, [1-(14)C]20:4(n-6), [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) versus [1-(14)C]20:5(n-3), [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) in isolated rat hepatocytes were compared. The addition of lactate and L-decanoylcarnitine increased the formation of [(14)C]24 fatty acid intermediates and the final products, [(14)C]22:5(n-6) and [(14)C]22:6(n-3). In the absence of lactate and L-decanoylcarnitine, no [(14)C]24 fatty acids and [(14)C]22:5(n-6) were detected when [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) was the substrate, whereas small amounts of the added [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) was converted to [(14)C]22:6(n-3). Lactate reduced the oxidation of [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) and [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) while L-decanoylcarnitine did not. No significant differences between the total oxidation or esterification of the two substrates were observed. By fasting and fructose refeeding the amounts of [(14)C]24:4(n-6) and [(14)C]24:5(n-3) were increased by 2.5- and 4-fold, respectively. However, the levels of [(14)C]22:5(n-6) and [(14)C]22:6(n-3) were similar in hepatocytes from fasted and refed versus fed rats. With hepatocytes from rats fed a fat free diet the levels of [(14)C]24 fatty acid intermediates were low while the further conversion of the n-6 and n-3 substrates was high and more equal, approx. 33% of [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) was converted to [(14)C]22:5(n-6) and 43% of [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) was converted to [(14)C]22:6(n-3). The moderate differences found in the conversion of [1-(14)C]22:4(n-6) versus [1-(14)C]22:5(n-3) to [(14)C]22:5(n-6) and [(14)C]22:6(n-3), respectively, and the equal rates of oxidation of the two substrates could thus not explain the abundance of 22:6(n-3) versus the near absence of 22:5(n-6) in cellular membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Institute of Clinical Biochemistry, National Hospital, University of Oslo, NO-0027, Oslo, Norway.
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Weston AP, Tran TN, Zoubine MN, Banerjee S, Banerjee SK. Identification of genomic imbalances in gastric MALT lymphoma using arbitrarily primed PCR DNA fingerprinting. Int J Mol Med 2001; 7:317-20. [PMID: 11179514 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.7.3.317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Arbitrarily primed PCR (AP-PCR) is a unique method to identify the cancer cell specific losses and gains of chromosomal regions by targeting specific genes or chromosomal segments. In the present study, introducing the AP-PCR technique with a single primer, we have ascertained the gains and losses of DNA fingerprints in 15 MALT lymphoma samples. Out of 15 prominent DNA fingerprints, the signal intensity of two fingerprints, labeled bands G and I, were significantly lower in 40 and 50% of tumors as compared to adjacent normal DNA fingerprints, respectively. Similarly, gains of signal intensity of DNA fingerprints (bands A and C) were detected in 13% of tumor samples studied. Variations in signal intensities were also found in other bands within a few samples. Although, the functional importance of these bands is unknown, this study indicates that the AP-PCR generated under or over amplified DNA fingerprints may participate during the progression of MALT lymphoma in human stomach. Moreover, these studies also suggest that the AP-PCR technique, with different primers, can be utilized for the determination of new chromosomal segments in MALT lymphoma samples that can be used for the identification of these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- A P Weston
- Cancer Research Unit, Research Division, V.A. Medical Center, Kansas City, Missouri 64128, USA.
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20
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Bethell DB, Gamble J, Pham PL, Nguyen MD, Tran TH, Ha TH, Tran TN, Dong TH, Gartside IB, White NJ, Day NP. Noninvasive measurement of microvascular leakage in patients with dengue hemorrhagic fever. Clin Infect Dis 2001; 32:243-53. [PMID: 11170914 DOI: 10.1086/318453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2000] [Revised: 06/12/2000] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Dengue shock syndrome (DSS) is a potentially lethal complication of dengue virus infection associated with hypotension and leakage of plasma water into the extravascular space. To determine whether the underlying pathophysiology of DSS is distinct from that in milder forms of the disease, we assessed microvascular permeability, by use of strain gauge plethysmography, in Vietnamese children with DSS (n=19), or dengue hemorrhagic fever (DHF) without shock (n=16), and in healthy control children (n=15). At admission and after fluid resuscitation, the mean coefficient of microvascular permeability (K(f)) for the patients with dengue was approximately 50% higher than that for the control patients (P=.02). There was no significant difference in K(f) between the 2 groups of patients with dengue; this suggests the same underlying pathophysiology. We hypothesize that in patients with DSS, the fluctuations in K(f) are larger than those in patients with DHF, which leads to short-lived peaks of markedly increased microvascular permeability and consequent hemodynamic shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bethell
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Centre, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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21
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Abstract
BACKGROUND To date no studies on the incidence of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) disease, Hib carrier rates in infants and children or the proportion of bacterial meningitis cases caused by Hib in Vietnam have been performed. The availability of safe and highly effective Hib vaccines makes such information important. METHODS The bacterial etiology of a sample of infants and children with pneumonia and meningitis seen at Pediatric Hospital No. 1 in Ho Chi Minh City was studied by culture and latex agglutination of blood, cerebrospinal fluid, urine and pleural fluid. The carriage rate of pneumococci and Hib was studied in a sample of outpatient children. RESULTS Hib caused 53% of 34 culture-proven bacterial meningitis cases and pneumococci caused 18%. Of 31 meningitis cases diagnosed by latex agglutination, 39% were caused by Hib and 55% by pneumococci. Ninety percent of cases of Hib meningitis occurred in children <1 year of age. Fifty percent of meningitis cases were associated with acute respiratory infection. In 213 bacteremic pneumonia cases 92.5% of blood cultures grew Streptococcus pneumoniae and only 1% grew Hib. The carrier rate of Hib in outpatients <5 years of age with upper respiratory tract infection increased from 2% to 7.6% between 1993 and 1996. CONCLUSION Hib is the most frequent cause of meningitis in infants and children admitted to hospitals in South Vietnam. Ninety percent of Hib meningitis cases occur in patients < 1 year of age. Bacteremic Hib pneumonia in Vietnam is rare. The results suggest that Hib is the major cause of meningitis in Vietnam but do not permit conclusions regarding its true incidence. The carrier rate of Hib in children <5 years of age in Vietnam has increased to approximately 7% since 1993.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Tran
- Pediatric Hospital No. 1, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam
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22
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Tran TN, Eubanks SK, Schaffer KJ, Zhou CY, Linder MC. Secretion of ferritin by rat hepatoma cells and its regulation by inflammatory cytokines and iron. Blood 1997; 90:4979-86. [PMID: 9389717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The possibility that serum ferritin is a secreted protein and an acute phase reactant regulated by inflammatory hormones and iron was examined in a hepatic cell line that secretes plasma proteins. Differentiated rat hepatoma cells released albumin and ferritin into the medium, as determined by rocket immunoelectrophoresis and isolation of ferritin by standard procedures plus immunoaffinity chromatography, following labeling with radioactive amino acid. Administration of interleukin-1-beta (IL-1) or tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF) doubled the amounts of ferritin released into the medium over 24 and 48 hours. Together, the cytokines had more than an additive effect. Albumin secretion was diminished by IL-1, but not TNF. Iron, administered as an iron dextran complex or as a 1:1 chelate with nitrilotriacetate (Fe-NTA), also enhanced ferritin release, but had no effect on albumin. Intracellular ferritin concentrations did not change significantly with cytokine treatment, but increased in response to iron. With or without treatments, release of ferritin and albumin from cells into the medium was inhibited by brefeldin A, an inhibitor of Golgi function. The effect of each of the cytokines and of iron on ferritin and albumin was also blocked by dichlorofuranosylbenzimidazole (DRB), an inhibitor of transcription. The stimulatory effect of Fe-NTA on ferritin secretion was diminished by TNF, and this was partially counteracted by IL-1, indicating additional regulatory complexity. These results show for the first time that hepatic cells secrete ferritin, that this ferritin secretion is regulated by iron and inflammatory cytokines, and that the mechanisms of regulation differ from those for intracellular ferritin. The results would explain why serum ferritin increases in inflammation or when iron flux is enhanced.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry and the Institute for Molecular Biology and Nutrition, California State University, Fullerton, CA 92834-6866, USA
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23
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Zandi E, Tran TN, Chamberlain W, Parker CS. Nuclear entry, oligomerization, and DNA binding of the Drosophila heat shock transcription factor are regulated by a unique nuclear localization sequence. Genes Dev 1997; 11:1299-314. [PMID: 9171374 DOI: 10.1101/gad.11.10.1299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
In normally growing Drosophila cultured cells the Drosophila heat shock transcription factor (dHSF) is localized in the cytosol and translocates into the nucleus after heat shock. In the cytosol of nonshocked cells, the dHSF is present as a monomer that cannot bind DNA. Upon stress, the dHSF enters the nucleus where it is observed to be a trimer. A novel nuclear localization sequence (NLS) in the dHSF was found to be responsible for stress-dependent nuclear entry. Deletion of the NLS prevents nuclear entry, as expected, yet surprisingly also allows constitutive oligomerization and DNA binding in the cytosol. Further analysis of the NLS by mutagenesis suggests that the two functions of nuclear entry and oligomerization are separable in that distinct residues present in the NLS are responsible for each. Mutations in certain basic residues completely block nuclear entry, as expected for a constitutive NLS. In addition, two residues were found in the NLS that, when altered, allowed constitutive nuclear entry of dHSF independent of stress. These residues may interact with a putative cellular component or possibly other domains of the HSF to prevent nuclear entry in normally growing cells. The NLS can also function autonomously to target a beta-galactosidase fusion protein into the nucleus in a heat shock-dependent fashion.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Zandi
- Division of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena 91125, USA
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24
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Cao XT, Bethell DB, Pham TP, Ta TT, Tran TN, Nguyen TT, Pham TT, Nguyen TT, Day NP, White NJ. Comparison of artemisinin suppositories, intramuscular artesunate and intravenous quinine for the treatment of severe childhood malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997; 91:335-42. [PMID: 9231212 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90099-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Severe malaria remains a major cause of mortality and morbidity for children living in many tropical regions. With the emergence of strains of Plasmodium falciparum resistant to both chloroquine and quinine, alternative antimalarial agents are required. The artemisinin group of compounds are rapidly effective in severe disease when given by intramuscular or intravenous injection. However, these routes of administration are not always available in rural areas. In an open, randomized comparison 109 Vietnamese children, aged between 3 months and 14 years, with severe P.falciparum malaria, were allocated at random to receive artemisinin suppositories followed by mefloquine (n = 37), intramuscular artesunate followed by mefloquine (n = 37), or intravenous quinine followed by pyrimethamine/sulfadoxine (n = 35). There were 9 deaths: 2 artemisinin, 4 artesunate and 5 quinine-treated children. There was no difference in fever clearance time, coma recovery, or length of hospital stay among the 3 groups. However, parasite clearance times were significantly faster in artemisinin and artesunate-treated patients than in those who received quinine (P < 0.0001). Both artemisinin and artesunate were very well tolerated, but children receiving these drugs had lower peripheral reticulocyte counts by day 5 of treatment than those in the quinine group (P = 0.011). No other adverse effect or toxicity was found. There was no treatment failure in these 2 groups, but 4 patients in the quinine group failed to clear their parasites within 7 d of starting treatment and required alternative antimalarial therapy. Artemisinin suppositories are easy to administer, cheap, and very effective for treating children with severe malaria. In rural areas where medical facilities are lacking these drugs will allow antimalarial therapy to be instituted earlier in the course of the disease and may therefore save lives.
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Affiliation(s)
- X T Cao
- Dong Nai Paediatric Centre, Bien Hoa, Viet Nam
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25
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Bethell DB, Teja-Isavadharm P, Cao XT, Pham TT, Ta TT, Tran TN, Nguyen TT, Pham TP, Kyle D, Day NP, White NJ. Pharmacokinetics of oral artesunate in children with moderately severe Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Trans R Soc Trop Med Hyg 1997; 91:195-8. [PMID: 9196768 DOI: 10.1016/s0035-9203(97)90222-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The pharmacokinetic properties of oral artesunate (3 mg/kg) were determined in 10 Vietnamese children, aged from 6 to 15 years, with acute falciparum malaria of moderate severity. Plasma concentrations were measured using a bioassay and expressed in terms of antimalarial activity equivalent to dihydroartemisinin, the principal biologically active metabolite. Oral artesunate was absorbed rapidly with a mean time to peak plasma bioactivity of 1.7 h (95% confidence interval [95% CI] 0.8-2.6). There was wide variation in peak plasma concentrations with a mean value equivalent to 664 ng of dihydroartemisinin/mL (95% CI 387-9410, range 179-1395) and a four-fold variation in the area under the plasma concentration-time curves. Elimination from plasma was rapid with a mean (95% CI) half-life of 1.0 h (95% CI 0.8-1.4). Plasma antimalarial levels were below the limit of detection in all cases by 12 h, despite the relatively high dose of artesunate used. Oral artesunate is rapidly absorbed and rapidly eliminated in children with moderately severe malaria but there is considerable variation between individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- D B Bethell
- Wellcome Trust Clinical Research Unit, Centre for Tropical Diseases, Cho Quan Hospital, Ho Chi Minh City, Viet Nam
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Abstract
Serum ferritin isolated from the horse was structurally compared with horse spleen ferritin and was found to differ markedly in molecular weight, iron content, carbohydrate, subunit size and amino acid sequence. The results are summarized and initial results obtained with candidate clones of pieces of two serum ferritin subunits are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Linder
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, California State University, Fullerton 91623, USA
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant rhabdoid tumor (MRT), originally described as a rare renal sarcoma in childhood, has been known to express phenotypic diversity. In this study, unique characteristics of the MRT cells were investigated by using established cell lines. METHODS Immunocytochemical, ultrastructural, cytogenetic, and molecular (by polymerase chain reaction, PCR) analyses were done for two MRT cell lines, one of renal and one of extrarenal origin, before and after differentiation-induction with either 12-O-tetradecanoyl phorbol-13-acetate (TPA) or transretinoic acid (RA). RESULTS The proliferating cells in the original tumor tissues as well as in the established cell lines demonstrated neural, epithelial, and mesenchymal markers morphologically. Both cell lines had karyotypic abnormalities including chromosome 22q11.2. The cell line from the extrarenal MRT, Tm87-16, demonstrated distinct morphologic changes with neuroblastic differentiation and produced numerous neuritic processes after treatment with either TPA or RA. The cell line from the renal MRT, STM91-01, suggested schwannian differentiation but did not change morphologically after chemical induction. Both cell lines expressed c-myc, but did not express N-myc, MyoD1, tyrosine hydroxylase, or neural cell adhesion molecule (N-CAM). With PCR and immunocytochemical study, a high level of chromogranin expression was detected by the cells of Tm87-16 only after TPA induced differentiation. CONCLUSIONS MRT cells demonstrated diverse phenotype of neuro-ecto-mesenchymal differentiation. The results of this study suggest that MRT may be derived from a primitive pluripotential cell, such as neural crest or equivalent. MRT, therefore, might be categorized as one of the subsets of primitive neuroectodermal tumor.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Ota
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Children's Hospital Los Angeles, CA 90027
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Karnes PS, Tran TN, Cui MY, Raffel C, Gilles FH, Barranger JA, Ying KL. Cytogenetic analysis of 39 pediatric central nervous system tumors. Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1992; 59:12-9. [PMID: 1313329 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(92)90150-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 116] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Consistent cytogenetic abnormalities have been described in many pediatric solid tumors, including Ewing's sarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and neuroblastoma. Similar analysis of pediatric central nervous system (CNS) tumors has been hampered by technical problems. We report chromosome results from 39 pediatric CNS tumors. Abnormalities of chromosome 17 were noted in 3 of 11 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (including i(17q) in 2 tumors), confirming data observed by other investigators. Cells from 2 of 11 primitive neuroectodermal tumors (PNET) exhibited loss or structural abnormalities involving chromosome 11. Loss or distal deletion of chromosome 7q was noted in cells from two PNETs. Because other investigators have shown loss of heterozygosity on 17p in about one-third of PNET, we propose that chromosome regions 7q and 11 are areas worthy of further study in pediatric PNET. Numerical abnormalities were noted in 6 of 21 astrocytomas. Hyperdiploidy was demonstrated in 1 of 4 pilocytic astrocytomas and pseudopolyploidy was demonstrated in 4 of 13 anaplastic astrocytomas. Structural chromosome abnormalities (translocations, deletions) were noted in 4 of 13 anaplastic astrocytomas. Complex structural anomalies were observed in one craniopharyngioma. A rhabdoid tumor of the brain exhibited multiple complex structural rearrangements but did not exhibit the monosomy 22 observed in some rhabdoid tumors. Hypodiploidy and loss of chromosome 22 were noted in a clinically aggressive meningioma, corroborating observations by other investigators.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Karnes
- Division of Medical Genetics, Childrens Hospital Los Angeles, California 90027
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Karnes PS, Tran TN, Cui MY, Bogenmann E, Shimada H, Ying KL. Establishment of a rhabdoid tumor cell line with a specific chromosomal abnormality, 46,XY,t(11;22)(p15.5;q11.23). Cancer Genet Cytogenet 1991; 56:31-8. [PMID: 1747867 DOI: 10.1016/0165-4608(91)90359-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The malignant rhabdoid tumor is a rare, poorly understood tumor which occurs primarily in children. The kidney is a frequent primary site of origin, but the tumor has arisen in other mesodermally derived tissues as well. Controversy exists regarding the embryonic origin of the rhabdoid tumor and recent histopathologic studies suggest that it may be of neuroepithelial origin. Our immunohistochemical and electron micrographic studies support this theory. No consistent chromosome abnormalities have been reported in this tumor and no cell lines are available for study. We have established and characterized the first rhabdoid tumor cell line. It possesses a specific chromosomal abnormality, 46,XY,t(11;22)(p15.5;q11.23). The translocation may provide an important clue to the pathogenesis of the tumor as well as an opportunity for further study of the involved chromosome regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P S Karnes
- Division of Medical Genetics, Childrens Hospital, Los Angeles, California 90027
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30
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McMaster D, Itoh H, Maccannell KL, Rivier J, Rivier C, Vale W, Fryer JN, Tran TN, Lederis K. Isolation, Amino-Acid Sequence, Synthesis and Biological Properties of Urotensin I from Hippoglossoides elassodon. J Neuroendocrinol 1990; 2:875-82. [PMID: 19215432 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2826.1990.tb00654.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Abstract A 41-residue urotensin I neuropeptide (H-UI) was isolated from urophyses of the marine teleost Hippoglossoides elassodon (the flathead sole). The peptide was recognized by its partial cross-reactivity in a radioimmunoassay developed for Catostomus (sucker) Ul (S-UI), and was purified by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography. The amino-acid sequence was shown to be H-Ser-Glu-Glu-Pro-Pro-Met-Ser-lle-Asp-Leu-Thr-Phe-His-Met-Leu-Arg-Asn-Met-lle-His-Arg-Ala-Lys-Met-Glu-Gly-Glu-Arg-Glu-Gln-Ala-Leu-lle-Asn-Arg-Asn-Leu-Leu-Asp-Glu-Val-NH(2). H-UI is 66% homologous with S-UI and 63% homologous with Cyprinus (carp) Ul (C-UI). Like S- and C-UI, H-UI is about 50% homologous with the frog skin peptide sauvagine and with Catostomus and mammalian corticotropin-releasing factors. H-UI had similar vasodilatory effects in mammals, and similar adrenocorticotropin-releasing effects (in rat and goldfish) to S-UI, C-UI, sauvagine and the corticotropin-releasing factors, but had relatively low potency (e.g. 10% to 30% of the vasodilatory potency of S- and C-UI) in all the bioassay systems studied.
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Affiliation(s)
- D McMaster
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, University of Calgary, 3330 Hospital Drive N.W., Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 4N1
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Tran TN, Fryer JN, Lederis K, Vaudry H. CRF, urotensin I, and sauvagine stimulate the release of POMC-derived peptides from goldfish neurointermediate lobe cells. Gen Comp Endocrinol 1990; 78:351-60. [PMID: 2161377 DOI: 10.1016/0016-6480(90)90025-h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In teleost fishes, the melanotropes of the neurointermediate lobe of the pituitary gland release numerous peptides--adrenocorticotropin (ACTH), melanotropin (MSH), lipotropin (LPH), corticotropin-like intermediate lobe peptide (CLIP), and endorphin--which are derived from the precursor molecule proopiomelanocortin. Superfused, isolated, dispersed goldfish neurointermediate lobe cell columns were used to investigate the release of immunoreactive (ir) alpha-MSH and ir ACTH from goldfish melanotropes. Stimulation of neurointermediate lobe cell columns with pulses of the structurally homologous peptides, Catostomus urotensin I (UI), ovine corticotropin-releasing factor (oCRF), or sauvagine, produced a significant increase in the concomitant release of ir alpha-MSH and ir ACTH. UI was two to three times as potent as ovine CRF or sauvagine. These studies suggest that CRF- and UI-like peptides stimulate the secretory activity of teleost melanotropes.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Abstract
The release of immunoreactive (ir) alpha-MSH and ir ACTH from goldfish (Carassius auratus) melanotropes was investigated using superfused isolated dispersed neurointermediate lobe cell columns. Stimulation of neurointermediate lobe cell columns with pulses of TRH evoked dose-dependent increases in the concomitant release of ir alpha-MSH and ir ACTH. Reversed-phase high performance liquid chromatography (RP-HPLC) was used to characterize the alpha-MSH and ACTH immunoreactivities released from a neurointermediate cell column under spontaneous release conditions. Six peaks of ir alpha-MSH were revealed. Three of these peaks were identified as des-acetyl alpha-MSH, mono-acetyl alpha-MSH and di-acetyl alpha-MSH. Seven peaks of ir ACTH were revealed. Four of these peaks were tentatively identified as ACTH variants. These studies suggest that TRH stimulates the release of peptide hormones from teleost melanotropes and that the goldfish neurointermediate lobe in vitro releases numerous peptides derived from POMC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T N Tran
- Department of Anatomy, University of Ottawa, Ontario, Canada
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Henley WN, Tucker A, Tran TN, Stager JM. The thyroid and hypoxic moderation of systemic hypertension in the spontaneously hypertensive rat. Aviat Space Environ Med 1987; 58:559-67. [PMID: 3606517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Surgically thyroidectomized (TX), sham-operated euthyroid (EU), or thyroidectomized with dietary hormone replacement (RPL), 8-week-old male spontaneously hypertensive rats were subjected to 4 weeks of either of two altitude treatments: normoxia (N; lab altitude = 1520 m) or hypobaric hypoxia (H; simulated altitude = 3658 m). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was attenuated in all hypoxic and in TX-N rats (p less than 0.05). Thyroidectomy reduced oxygen consumption, rectal temperature, and hormonal indices of thyroid function, as well as attenuating hypoxia-induced polycythemia and right ventricular hypertrophy. Thyroidectomy decreased the sensitivity of aortic rings to KCl and isoproterenol with no differences between EU-N and EU-H or between TX-N and TX-H apparent. Vessel responsiveness in RPL-H was consistent with the hypothyroid status indicated by hormonal measurement, while RPL-N vessel responsiveness was characteristic of euthyroid vessels. Since EU-H rats were euthyroid, with similar vascular responses to EU-N, hypoxia-induced attenuation of SBP does not require hypothyroid-like vascular alterations. Thus, hypoxia and thyroidectomy appear to mitigate systemic hypertension by different mechanisms.
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Crippa L, Engel-de Montmollin M, Tran TN, Meylan J, Engel E. [Significance of chromosomal mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis]. J Genet Hum 1981; 28:161-167. [PMID: 7276916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Second-trimester amniocentesis, performed in a 39-year-old woman, revealed on two different taps a weak aneuploid cell line 47,XY+C or X (2 clones), with a strong majority of fetal cells being 46,XY normal (15 clones). A chromosome examination carried out on cord blood after the birth of a phenotypically normal infant confirmed the presence of mosaicism, with 12% of the cells being 47,XXY. The authors consider the manner in which mosaicism diagnosed by amniocentesis may be interpreted, pointing out the danger of hasty conclusions in this domain, which has not yet been adequately explored.
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Berli C, Tran TN, Béguin F. [Sterilisation in the post-partum (author's transl)]. Ther Umsch 1976; 33:269-72. [PMID: 137549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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