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Wang Y, Dan L, Li Q, Li L, Zhong L, Shao B, Yu F, He S, Tian S, He J, Xiao Q, Putti TC, He X, Feng Y, Lin Y, Xiang T. Correction to: ZMYND10, an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor, exerts tumor-suppressive functions via miR145-5p/NEDD9 axis in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:36. [PMID: 35264219 PMCID: PMC8908647 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01256-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangying Dan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lan Zhong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaorong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Tao C, Luo J, Tang J, Zhou D, Feng S, Qiu Z, Putti TC, Xiang T, Tao Q, Li L, Ren G. Correction to: The tumor suppressor Zinc finger protein 471 suppresses breast cancer growth and metastasis through inhibiting AKT and Wnt/β‑catenin signaling. Clin Epigenetics 2022; 14:17. [PMID: 35101095 PMCID: PMC8805443 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-022-01237-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Chunfang Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Juan Luo
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Danfeng Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shujun Feng
- Hunan Province Key Laboratory of Tumor Cellular and Molecular Pathology, Cancer Research Institute, Hengyang School of Medicine, University of South China, Hengyang, China
| | - Zhu Qiu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qiao Tao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong and CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, Hong Kong, China.
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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Wang Y, Dan L, Li Q, Li L, Zhong L, Shao B, Yu F, He S, Tian S, He J, Xiao Q, Putti TC, He X, Feng Y, Lin Y, Xiang T. ZMYND10, an epigenetically regulated tumor suppressor, exerts tumor-suppressive functions via miR145-5p/NEDD9 axis in breast cancer. Clin Epigenetics 2019; 11:184. [PMID: 31801619 PMCID: PMC6894283 DOI: 10.1186/s13148-019-0785-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Accepted: 11/24/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Recent studies suggested that ZMYND10 is a potential tumor suppressor gene in multiple tumor types. However, the mechanism by which ZMYND10 inhibits breast cancer remains unclear. Here, we investigated the role and mechanism of ZMYND10 in breast cancer inhibition. Results ZMYND10 was dramatically reduced in multiple breast cancer cell lines and tissues, which was associated with promoter hypermethylation. Ectopic expression of ZMYND10 in silenced breast cancer cells induced cell apoptosis while suppressed cell growth, cell migration and invasion in vitro, and xenograft tumor growth in vivo. Furthermore, molecular mechanism studies indicated that ZMYND10 enhances expression of miR145-5p, which suppresses the expression of NEDD9 protein through directly targeting the 3'-untranslated region of NEDD9 mRNA. Conclusions Results from this study show that ZMYND10 suppresses breast cancer tumorigenicity by inhibiting the miR145-5p/NEDD9 signaling pathway. This novel discovered signaling pathway may be a valid target for small molecules that might help to develop new therapies to better inhibit the breast cancer metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liangying Dan
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.,The People's Hospital of Tongliang District, Chongqing, China
| | - Qianqian Li
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Lan Zhong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, State Key Laboratory of Translational Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Bianfei Shao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Sanxiu He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Shaorong Tian
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jin He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qian Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Xiaoqian He
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yixiao Feng
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yong Lin
- Molecular Biology and Lung Cancer Program, Lovelace Respiratory Research Institute, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Tingxiu Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China.
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4
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Liu J, Lončar I, Collée JM, Bolla MK, Dennis J, Michailidou K, Wang Q, Andrulis IL, Barile M, Beckmann MW, Behrens S, Benitez J, Blomqvist C, Boeckx B, Bogdanova NV, Bojesen SE, Brauch H, Brennan P, Brenner H, Broeks A, Burwinkel B, Chang-Claude J, Chen ST, Chenevix-Trench G, Cheng CY, Choi JY, Couch FJ, Cox A, Cross SS, Cuk K, Czene K, Dörk T, dos-Santos-Silva I, Fasching PA, Figueroa J, Flyger H, García-Closas M, Giles GG, Glendon G, Goldberg MS, González-Neira A, Guénel P, Haiman CA, Hamann U, Hart SN, Hartman M, Hatse S, Hopper JL, Ito H, Jakubowska A, Kabisch M, Kang D, Kosma VM, Kristensen VN, Le Marchand L, Lee E, Li J, Lophatananon A, Jan Lubinski, Mannermaa A, Matsuo K, Milne RL, Neuhausen SL, Nevanlinna H, Orr N, Perez JIA, Peto J, Putti TC, Pylkäs K, Radice P, Sangrajrang S, Sawyer EJ, Schmidt MK, Schneeweiss A, Shen CY, Shrubsole MJ, Shu XO, Simard J, Southey MC, Swerdlow A, Teo SH, Tessier DC, Thanasitthichai S, Tomlinson I, Torres D, Truong T, Tseng CC, Vachon C, Winqvist R, Wu AH, Yannoukakos D, Zheng W, Hall P, Dunning AM, Easton DF, Hooning MJ, van den Ouweland AMW, Martens JWM, Hollestelle A. rs2735383, located at a microRNA binding site in the 3'UTR of NBS1, is not associated with breast cancer risk. Sci Rep 2016; 6:36874. [PMID: 27845421 PMCID: PMC5109293 DOI: 10.1038/srep36874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
NBS1, also known as NBN, plays an important role in maintaining genomic stability. Interestingly, rs2735383 G > C, located in a microRNA binding site in the 3'-untranslated region (UTR) of NBS1, was shown to be associated with increased susceptibility to lung and colorectal cancer. However, the relation between rs2735383 and susceptibility to breast cancer is not yet clear. Therefore, we genotyped rs2735383 in 1,170 familial non-BRCA1/2 breast cancer cases and 1,077 controls using PCR-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP-PCR) analysis, but found no association between rs2735383CC and breast cancer risk (OR = 1.214, 95% CI = 0.936-1.574, P = 0.144). Because we could not exclude a small effect size due to a limited sample size, we further analyzed imputed rs2735383 genotypes (r2 > 0.999) of 47,640 breast cancer cases and 46,656 controls from the Breast Cancer Association Consortium (BCAC). However, rs2735383CC was not associated with overall breast cancer risk in European (OR = 1.014, 95% CI = 0.969-1.060, P = 0.556) nor in Asian women (OR = 0.998, 95% CI = 0.905-1.100, P = 0.961). Subgroup analyses by age, age at menarche, age at menopause, menopausal status, number of pregnancies, breast feeding, family history and receptor status also did not reveal a significant association. This study therefore does not support the involvement of the genotype at NBS1 rs2735383 in breast cancer susceptibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ivona Lončar
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - J. Margriet Collée
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Manjeet K. Bolla
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Joe Dennis
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Kyriaki Michailidou
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Electron Microscopy/Molecular Pathology, The Cyprus Institute of Neurology and Genetics, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Qin Wang
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
- Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada
| | - Monica Barile
- Division of Cancer Prevention and Genetics, Istituto Europeo di Oncologia, Milan, Italy
| | - Matthias W. Beckmann
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Sabine Behrens
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Javier Benitez
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
- Centro de Investigación en Red de Enfermedades Raras (CIBERER), Valencia, Spain
| | - Carl Blomqvist
- Department of Oncology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Bram Boeckx
- Vesalius Research Center, VIB, Leuven, Belgium
- Laboratory for Translational Genetics, Department of Oncology, University of Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Natalia V. Bogdanova
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- N.N. Alexandrov Research Institute of Oncology and Medical Radiology, Minsk, Belarus
| | - Stig E. Bojesen
- Copenhagen General Population Study, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
- Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Hiltrud Brauch
- Dr. Margarete Fischer-Bosch-Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Stuttgart, Germany
- University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Paul Brennan
- International Agency for Research on Cancer, Lyon, France
| | - Hermann Brenner
- German Cancer Consortium (DKTK), German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Division of Preventive Oncology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ) and National Center for Tumor Diseases (NCT), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Annegien Broeks
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barbara Burwinkel
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- Molecular Epidemiology Group, C080, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Jenny Chang-Claude
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- University Cancer Center Hamburg (UCCH), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Shou-Tung Chen
- Department of Surgery, Changhua Christian Hospital, Changhua, Taiwan
| | - Georgia Chenevix-Trench
- Department of Genetics and Computational Biology, QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Ching Y. Cheng
- Singapore Eye Research Institute and Singapore National Eye Center, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore and National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
- Duke-NUS Graduate Medical School, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ji-Yeob Choi
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Fergus J. Couch
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Angela Cox
- Academic Unit of Molecular Oncology, Department of Oncology and Metabolism, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Simon S. Cross
- Academic Unit of Pathology, Department of Neuroscience, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Katarina Cuk
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology and Aging Research, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Kamila Czene
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thilo Dörk
- Gynaecology Research Unit, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
| | - Isabel dos-Santos-Silva
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Peter A. Fasching
- Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Erlangen, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Erlangen, Germany
- David Geffen School of Medicine, Department of Medicine Division of Hematology and Oncology, University of California at Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jonine Figueroa
- Usher Institute of Population Health Sciences and Informatics, The University of Edinburgh Medical School, Edinburgh, UK
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, National Cancer Institute, Rockville, MD, USA
| | - Henrik Flyger
- Department of Breast Surgery, Herlev and Gentofte Hospital, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev, Denmark
| | | | - Graham G. Giles
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Gord Glendon
- Fred A. Litwin Center for Cancer Genetics, Lunenfeld-Tanenbaum Research Institute of Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, Canada
| | - Mark S. Goldberg
- Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
- Division of Clinical Epidemiology, Royal Victoria Hospital, McGill University, Montreal, Canada
| | - Anna González-Neira
- Human Cancer Genetics Program, Spanish National Cancer Research Centre, Madrid, Spain
| | - Pascal Guénel
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Christopher A. Haiman
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ute Hamann
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Steven N. Hart
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Mikael Hartman
- Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
- Department of Surgery, National University Health System, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Sigrid Hatse
- Leuven Multidisciplinary Breast Center, Department of Oncology, Leuven Cancer Institute, University Hospitals Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - John L. Hopper
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hidemi Ito
- Division of Epidemiology and Prevention, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Anna Jakubowska
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Maria Kabisch
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Daehee Kang
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Veli-Matti Kosma
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vessela N. Kristensen
- Department of Cancer Genetics, Institute for Cancer Research, Oslo University Hospital Radiumhospitalet, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Clinical Molecular Biology, Oslo University Hospital, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Loic Le Marchand
- Epidemiology Program, University of Hawaii Cancer Center, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Eunjung Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Jingmei Li
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Artitaya Lophatananon
- Division of Health Sciences, Warwick Medical School, Warwick University, Coventry, UK
- Institute of Population Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Jan Lubinski
- Department of Genetics and Pathology, Pomeranian Medical University, Szczecin, Poland
| | - Arto Mannermaa
- Translational Cancer Research Area, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
- Imaging Center, Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Keitaro Matsuo
- Department of Epidemiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
- Division of Molecular Medicine, Aichi Cancer Center Research Institute, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Roger L. Milne
- Cancer Epidemiology Centre, Cancer Council Victoria, Melbourne, Australia
- Centre for Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Melbourne School of Population and Global health, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Susan L. Neuhausen
- Department of Population Sciences, Beckman Research Institute of City of Hope, Duarte, CA, USA
| | - Heli Nevanlinna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Helsinki University Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Nick Orr
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Jose I. A. Perez
- Servicio de Cirugía General y Especialidades, Hospital Monte Naranco, Oviedo, Spain
| | - Julian Peto
- Department of Non-Communicable Disease Epidemiology, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - Thomas C. Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Katri Pylkäs
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Paolo Radice
- Unit of Molecular Bases of Genetic Risk and Genetic Testing, Department of Preventive and Predictive Medicine, Fondazione IRCCS (Istituto Di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico) Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (INT), Milan, Italy
| | | | - Elinor J. Sawyer
- Research Oncology, Guy’s Hospital, King’s College London, London, UK
| | - Marjanka K. Schmidt
- Division of Molecular Pathology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek Hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Division of Psychosocial Research and Epidemiology, The Netherlands Cancer Institute - Antoni van Leeuwenhoek hospital, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andreas Schneeweiss
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
- National Center for Tumor Diseases, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Chen-Yang Shen
- School of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
- Taiwan Biobank, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Martha J. Shrubsole
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Xiao-Ou Shu
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Jacques Simard
- Genomics Center, Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Québec Research Center, Laval University, Québec City, Canada
| | - Melissa C. Southey
- Genetic Epidemiology Laboratory, Department of Pathology, The University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anthony Swerdlow
- Division of Breast Cancer Research, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
- Division of Genetics and Epidemiology, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - Soo H. Teo
- Cancer Research Malaysia, Subang Jaya, Selangor, Malaysia
- Breast Cancer Research Unit, Cancer Research Institute, University Malaya Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Daniel C. Tessier
- McGill University and Génome Québec Innovation Centre, Montréal, Canada
| | | | - Ian Tomlinson
- Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics and Oxford NIHR Biomedical Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Diana Torres
- Molecular Genetics of Breast Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- Institute of Human Genetics, Pontificia Universidad Javeriana, Bogota, Colombia
| | - Thérèse Truong
- Cancer & Environment Group, Center for Research in Epidemiology and Population Health (CESP), INSERM, University Paris-Sud, University Paris-Saclay, Villejuif, France
| | - Chiu-Chen Tseng
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Celine Vachon
- Department of Health Sciences Research, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Robert Winqvist
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Cancer and Translational Medicine Research Unit, Biocenter Oulu, University of Oulu, Oulu, Finland
- Laboratory of Cancer Genetics and Tumor Biology, Northern Finland Laboratory Centre NordLab, Oulu, Finland
| | - Anna H. Wu
- Department of Preventive Medicine, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Drakoulis Yannoukakos
- Molecular Diagnostics Laboratory, INRASTES, National Centre for Scientific Research “Demokritos”, Athens, Greece
| | - Wei Zheng
- Division of Epidemiology, Department of Medicine, Vanderbilt Epidemiology Center, Vanderbilt-Ingram Cancer Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Per Hall
- Department of Medical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Alison M. Dunning
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Douglas F. Easton
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Public Health and Primary Care, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Centre for Cancer Genetic Epidemiology, Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Maartje J. Hooning
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - John W. M. Martens
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Genomics Netherlands, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Antoinette Hollestelle
- Department of Medical Oncology, Family Cancer Clinic, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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5
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Miller LD, Chou JW, Black MA, Print CG, Jimenez E, Chifman J, Alistar A, Putti TC, Zhou X, Bedognetti D, Pullikuth A, Andrechek E, Wang E, Marincola FM. Immune gene signatures and tumor intrinsic markers delineate novel immunogenic subtypes of breast cancer. J Immunother Cancer 2014. [PMCID: PMC4292554 DOI: 10.1186/2051-1426-2-s3-p256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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6
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Wang T, Buhari SA, Pang B, Putti TC, Salto-Tellez M. One-step nucleic acid amplification assay also predicts axillary lymph node status in breast cancer patients: further molecular diagnostic evidence. Eur J Cancer 2013; 49:3945-6. [PMID: 24119461 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejca.2013.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Wang
- Cancer Science Institute Singapore, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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7
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Abstract
Breast cancer incidence is increasing worldwide. Early detection is critical for long-term patient survival, as is monitoring responses to chemotherapy for management of the disease. Magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy (MRI/MRS) has gained in importance in the last decade for the diagnosis and monitoring of breast cancer therapy. The sensitivity of MRI/MRS for anatomical delineation is very high and the consensus is that MRI is more sensitive in detection than x-ray mammography. Advantages of MRS include delivery of biochemical information about tumor metabolism, which can potentially assist in the staging of cancers and monitoring responses to treatment. The roles of MRS and MRI in screening and monitoring responses to treatment of breast cancer are reviewed here. We rationalize how it is that different histological types of breast cancer are differentially detected and characterized by MR methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca M Mayrhofer
- Mechanistic Systemsbiology NMR Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Hsiao Piau Ng
- Mechanistic Systemsbiology NMR Group, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science Technology and Research, Singapore
| | - Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, Singapore
| | - Philip W Kuchel
- School of Molecular Bioscience, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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8
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Karim RZ, O'Toole SA, Scolyer RA, Cooper CL, Chan B, Selinger C, Yu B, Carmalt H, Mak C, Tse GM, Tan PH, Putti TC, Lee CS. Recent insights into the molecular pathogenesis of mammary phyllodes tumours. J Clin Pathol 2013; 66:496-505. [DOI: 10.1136/jclinpath-2012-201082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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9
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Zhang D, Tai LK, Wong LL, Putti TC, Sethi SK, Teh M, Koay ESC. Proteomic characterization of differentially expressed proteins in breast cancer: Expression of hnRNP H1, RKIP and GRP78 is strongly associated with HER-2/neu status. Proteomics Clin Appl 2012; 2:99-107. [PMID: 21136783 DOI: 10.1002/prca.200780099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
The human epidermal growth factor receptor type 2 (HER-2/neu) oncoprotein is overexpressed in about 30% of breast cancers and associates with metastatic phenotypes of breast tumours. Dissecting the HER-2/neu-modulated molecules in cancer will be helpful in elucidating the underlying molecular mechanisms of HER-2/neu-driven tumourigenesis. We investigated the differential proteome profiles between microdissected HER-2/neu-positive and -negative tumours and unambiguously identified 21 proteins with diverse biological functions by peptide sequencing and NCBInr database interrogation. Six proteins were up-regulated whereas 15 were down-regulated in the HER-2/neu-positive tumours. Differential expressions of heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein H1 (hnRNP H1), 78 kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP78/Bip) and Raf-1 kinase inhibitor protein (RKIP), which have not been previously reported as being linked to HER-2/neu signalling, were further verified. Immunohistochemical staining on tissue microarray sections demonstrated a positive correlation of hnRNP H1 (p = 0.008) and negative correlations of GRP78 and RKIP (p = 0.018 and 0.013, respectively) with HER-2/neu. Heregulin α1 enhanced hnRNP H1, but reduced GRP78 and RKIP expression in BT474 cells in a dose-dependent manner, providing evidence of crosstalk between HER-2/neu signalling and these modulators. Our studies have identified novel modulators that are likely to be intricately involved in HER-2/neu-driven tumour proliferation, invasion and metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, National University Hospital, Singapore; Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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10
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Tsang JYS, Mendoza P, Lam CCF, Yu AMC, Putti TC, Karim RZ, Scolyer RA, Lee CS, Tan PH, Tse GM. Involvement of α- and β-catenins and E-cadherin in the development of mammary phyllodes tumours. Histopathology 2012; 61:667-74. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2012.04271.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
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11
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Gao D, Bambang IF, Putti TC, Lee YK, Richardson DR, Zhang D. ERp29 induces breast cancer cell growth arrest and survival through modulation of activation of p38 and upregulation of ER stress protein p58IPK. J Transl Med 2012; 92:200-13. [PMID: 22064321 DOI: 10.1038/labinvest.2011.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) is an ER luminal protein that has a role in protein unfolding and secretion, but its role in cancer is unclear. Recently, we reported that overexpression of ERp29 significantly inhibited cell proliferation and prevented tumorigenesis in highly proliferative MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we show that ERp29-induced cancer cell growth arrest is modulated by the interplay between the concomitant phosphorylation of p38 and upregulation of the inhibitor of the interferon-induced, double-stranded RNA-activated protein kinase, p58(IPK). In this cell model, ERp29 overexpression significantly downregulates modulators of cell proliferation, namely urokinase plasminogen activator receptor, β(1)-integrin and epidermal growth factor receptor. Furthermore, ERp29 significantly (P<0.001) increases phosphorylation of p38 (p-p38) and reduces matrix metalloproteinase-9 secretion. The role of ERp29 in upregulating cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors (p15 and p21) and in downregulating cyclin D(2) is demonstrated in slowly proliferating ERp29-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas the opposite response was observed in ERp29-knockdown MCF-7 cells. Pharmacological inhibition of p-p38 downregulates p15 and p21 and inhibits eIF2α phosphorylation, indicating a role for p-p38 in this process. Furthermore, p58(IPK) expression was increased in ERp29-overexpressing MDA-MB-231 cells and highly decreased in ERp29-knockdown MCF-7 cells. This upregulation of p58(IPK) by ERp29 suppresses the activation of p-p38/p-PERK/p-eIF2α by repressing eIF2α phosphorylation. In fact, reduction of p58(IPK) expression by RNA interference stimulated eIF2α phosphorylation. The repression of eIF2α phosphorylation by p58(IPK) prevents ERp29-transfected cells from undergoing ER-dependent apoptosis driven by the activation of ATF4/CHOP/caspase-3. Hence, the interplay between p38 phosphorylation and p58(IPK) upregulation has key roles in modulating ERp29-induced cell-growth arrest and survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danmei Gao
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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12
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Xiang T, Li L, Yin X, Yuan C, Tan C, Su X, Xiong L, Putti TC, Oberst M, Kelly K, Ren G, Tao Q. The ubiquitin peptidase UCHL1 induces G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis through stabilizing p53 and is frequently silenced in breast cancer. PLoS One 2012; 7:e29783. [PMID: 22279545 PMCID: PMC3261155 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0029783] [Citation(s) in RCA: 107] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2011] [Accepted: 12/05/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer (BrCa) is a complex disease driven by aberrant gene alterations and environmental factors. Recent studies reveal that abnormal epigenetic gene regulation also plays an important role in its pathogenesis. Ubiquitin carboxyl- terminal esterase L1 (UCHL1) is a tumor suppressor silenced by promoter methylation in multiple cancers, but its role and alterations in breast tumorigenesis remain unclear. Methodology/Principal Findings We found that UCHL1 was frequently downregulated or silenced in breast cancer cell lines and tumor tissues, but readily expressed in normal breast tissues and mammary epithelial cells. Promoter methylation of UCHL1 was detected in 9 of 10 breast cancer cell lines (90%) and 53 of 66 (80%) primary tumors, but rarely in normal breast tissues, which was statistically correlated with advanced clinical stage and progesterone receptor status. Pharmacologic demethylation reactivated UCHL1 expression along with concomitant promoter demethylation. Ectopic expression of UCHL1 significantly suppressed the colony formation and proliferation of breast tumor cells, through inducing G0/G1 cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Subcellular localization study showed that UCHL1 increased cytoplasmic abundance of p53. We further found that UCHL1 induced p53 accumulation and reduced MDM2 protein level, and subsequently upregulated the expression of p21, as well as cleavage of caspase3 and PARP, but not in catalytic mutant UCHL1 C90S-expressed cells. Conclusions/Significance UCHL1 exerts its tumor suppressive functions by inducing G0/G1cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in breast tumorigenesis, requiring its deubiquitinase activity. Its frequent silencing by promoter CpG methylation may serve as a potential tumor marker for breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiu Xiang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Lili Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Xuedong Yin
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Chenfu Yuan
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Cui Tan
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xianwei Su
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Lei Xiong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Thomas C. Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Michael Oberst
- Signal Transduction Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Kathleen Kelly
- Signal Transduction Section, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Guosheng Ren
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (QT)
| | - Qian Tao
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, Department of Clinical Oncology, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, CUHK Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- * E-mail: (GR); (QT)
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13
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Das K, Lorena PDN, Ng LK, Shen L, Lim D, Siow WY, Narasimhan K, Teh M, Choolani M, Putti TC, Salto-Tellez M. Aurora-A expression, hormone receptor status and clinical outcome in hormone related cancers. Pathology 2011; 42:540-6. [PMID: 20854072 DOI: 10.3109/00313025.2010.508789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
AIMS We investigated the correlation between protein expression of Aurora-A with hormone receptor expression and clinicopathological parameters in ovarian, breast and prostate cancer. METHODS Subcellular expression of Aurora-A, and androgen receptor (AR), oestrogen receptor (ER) and progesterone receptor (PR) expression, were examined by immunohistochemistry in human tissue microarrays of the three cancer types and by Western blot in cancer cell lines and selected patient tissues. RESULTS Subgroups of all three cancer types exhibited both nuclear and cytoplasmic expression of Aurora-A. Nuclear presence of Aurora-A was observed in ER positive and negative breast cancer cell lines and tissues. Eighteen of the 126 (14%) tumour tissues that showed nuclear expression of Aurora-A were strongly associated with ER and PR positive breast tumours (p = 0.001). Cytoplasmic expression of AR and Aurora-A was strongly associated in prostate cancer tissues (45% versus 0, p = 0.015). Ovarian tumours (n = 45) with Aurora-A nuclear expression had decreased patient survival (mean survival, 29.5 versus 106.7 months; p < 0.0005) and showed a significant association with recurrence-free survival (mean survival 19.7 versus 95.9 months; p = 0.002). CONCLUSION Association between nuclear Aurora-A with hormone receptors in breast cancer and with poor clinical outcome in ovarian cancer suggests the significance of active Aurora-A in disease initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakoli Das
- Cancer Science Institute, National University of Singapore.
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14
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Xiang T, Li L, Fan Y, Jiang Y, Ying Y, Putti TC, Tao Q, Ren G. PLCD1 is a functional tumor suppressor inducing G(2)/M arrest and frequently methylated in breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2010; 10:520-7. [PMID: 20657189 DOI: 10.4161/cbt.10.5.12726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Chromosome 3p harbors multiple tumor-suppressor genes. PLCD1, located at 3p22, encodes an enzyme that mediates regulatory signaling of energy metabolism, calcium homeostasis and intracellular movement. We investigated the epigenetic alterations of PLCD1 and its tumor suppressor function in breast cancer. Frequent downregulation/silencing of PLCD1 was shown in most breast cancer cell lines by using semi-quantitative PCR. Promoter methylation of PLCD1 was detected in 78% (7/9) of cell lines and 52% (13/25) of primary tumors by Methylation-specific PCR (MSP), but not in any tumor adjacent breast tissues and normal breast tissues, which was further confirmed by bisulfite genomic sequencing (BGS). The silencing of PLCD1 could be reversed by pharmacological demethylation, indicating a methylation-mediated mechanism. Ectopic expression of PLCD1 in silenced breast cancer cells significantly inhibited their colony formation. In addition, PLCD1 inhibited tumor cell migration and induced cell cycle G(2)/M arrest. Thus, this study for the first time demonstrates the frequent inactivation of PLCD1 by promoter methylation and its tumor inhibitory function in breast cancer. Tumor-specific methylation of PLCD1 might serve as a biomarker for possible early detection and prognosis prediction of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingxiu Xiang
- Molecular Oncology and Epigenetics Laboratory, The First Affiliated Hospital, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China
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15
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Zhang D, Putti TC. Over-expression of ERp29 attenuates doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis through up-regulation of Hsp27 in breast cancer cells. Exp Cell Res 2010; 316:3522-31. [PMID: 20833165 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2010.08.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2010] [Revised: 08/27/2010] [Accepted: 08/29/2010] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The endoplasmic reticulum protein 29 (ERp29) has a critical role in regulating protein folding, maturation and secretion. However, its role in carcinogenesis remains elusive. Recently, we reported that ERp29 is a novel tumor suppressor and regulates mesenchymal-epithelial transition in MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. Here, we investigated whether ERp29 plays a role in the response of breast cancer cells to chemotherapeutic agents. We found that expression of ERp29 increased the resistance to doxorubicin, but not cisplatin and paclitaxel, and decreased the doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis in MDA-MB-231 cells, whereas knockdown of ERp29 in MCF-7 cells increased the doxorubicin cytotoxicity. A proteomics study identified up-regulation of Hsp27 and down-regulation of stathmin-1, galectin and prohibitin in the doxorubicin-resistant, ERp29 over-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells. Further, we demonstrated that ERp29 up-regulated expression of Hsp27 by down-regulating eukaryotic translational initiation factor 2α (eIF2α). When Hsp27 was knocked down by siRNA in the doxorubicin-resistant, ERp29 over-expressing MDA-MB-231 cells and parental MCF-7 cells, cell viability was significantly decreased and doxorubicin-induced cell apoptosis was enhanced. These results indicate that Hsp27 is involved in the ERp29-mediated resistance to doxorubicin. Therefore, targeting of Hsp27, with a combination of other chemotherapeutic agents, is a rational strategy in treating doxorubicin-resistant cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daohai Zhang
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.
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16
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Roux L, Tutac A, Lomenie N, Balensi D, Racoceanu D, Veillard A, Leow WK, Klossa J, Putti TC. A cognitive virtual microscopic framework for knowledge-based exploration of large microscopic images in breast cancer histopathology. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2009:3697-702. [PMID: 19965006 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2009.5334739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Histopathological examination is a powerful method for prognosis of major diseases such as breast cancer. Analysis of medical images largely remains the work of human experts. Current virtual microscope systems are mainly an emulation of real microscopes with annotation and some image analysis capabilities. However, the lack of effective knowledge management prevents such systems from being computer-aided prognosis platforms. The cognitive virtual microscopic framework, through an extended modeling and use of medical knowledge, has the capacity to analyse histopathological images and to perform grading of breast cancer, providing pathologists with a robust and traceable second opinion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ludovic Roux
- Image & Pervasive Access Lab, UMI CNRS, University Joseph Fourier, Grenoble, France.
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17
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Dalle JR, Leow WK, Racoceanu D, Tutac AE, Putti TC. Automatic breast cancer grading of histopathological images. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2009; 2008:3052-5. [PMID: 19163350 DOI: 10.1109/iembs.2008.4649847] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Breast cancer grading of histopathological images is the standard clinical practice for the diagnosis and prognosis of breast cancer development. In a large hospital, a pathologist typically handles 100 grading cases per day, each consisting of about 2000 image frames. It is, therefore, a very tedious and time-consuming task. This paper proposes a method for automatic computer grading to assist pathologists by providing second opinions and reducing their workload. It combines the three criteria in the Nottingham scoring system using a multi-resolution approach. To our best knowledge, there is no existing work that provide complete grading according to the Nottingham criteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Romain Dalle
- Dept. of Computer Science, National University of Singapore, Computing 1, Singapore.
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18
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Hentze H, Soong PL, Wang ST, Phillips BW, Putti TC, Dunn NR. Teratoma formation by human embryonic stem cells: evaluation of essential parameters for future safety studies. Stem Cell Res 2009; 2:198-210. [PMID: 19393593 DOI: 10.1016/j.scr.2009.02.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 316] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2008] [Revised: 01/23/2009] [Accepted: 02/04/2009] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Transplantation of human embryonic stem cells (hESC) into immune-deficient mice leads to the formation of differentiated tumors comprising all three germ layers, resembling spontaneous human teratomas. Teratoma assays are considered the gold standard for demonstrating differentiation potential of pluripotent hESC and hold promise as a standard for assessing safety among hESC-derived cell populations intended for therapeutic applications. We tested the potency of teratoma formation in seven anatomical transplantation locations (kidney capsule, muscle, subcutaneous space, peritoneal cavity, testis, liver, epididymal fat pad) in SCID mice with and without addition of Matrigel, and found that intramuscular teratoma formation was the most experimentally convenient, reproducible, and quantifiable. In the same experimental setting, we compared undifferentiated hESC and differentiated populations enriched for either beating cardiomyocytes or definitive endoderm derivatives (insulin-secreting beta cells), and showed that all cell preparations rapidly formed teratomas with varying percentages of mesoderm, ectoderm, and endoderm. In limiting dilution experiments, we found that as little as two hESC colonies spiked into feeder fibroblasts produced a teratoma, while a more rigorous single-cell titration achieved a detection limit of 1/4000. In summary, we established core parameters essential for facilitating safety profiling of hESC-derived products for future therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannes Hentze
- ES Cell International Pte Ltd, 60 Biopolis Street, No. 01-03 Genome, Singapore, 138672 Singapore.
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19
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Ang EZF, Nguyen HT, Sim HL, Putti TC, Lim LHK. Annexin-1 regulates growth arrest induced by high levels of estrogen in MCF-7 breast cancer cells. Mol Cancer Res 2009; 7:266-74. [PMID: 19208747 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-08-0147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Estrogen, a naturally occurring female steroid growth hormone, has been implicated as a major risk factor for the development of breast cancer. Recent research into this disease has also correlated Annexin-1 (ANXA1), a glucocorticoid-inducible protein, with the development of breast tumorigenesis. ANXA1 is lost in many cancers, including breast cancer, and this may result in a functional promotion of tumor growth. In this study, we investigated the expression of ANXA1 in MCF-7 cells treated with estrogen and the regulation of estrogen functions by ANXA1. Exposure of MCF-7 breast cancer cells to high physiologic levels (up to 100 nmol/L) of estrogen leads to an up-regulation of ANXA1 expression partially through the activation of cyclic AMP-responsive element binding protein and dependency on activation of the estrogen receptor. In addition, treatment of MCF-7 cells with physiologic levels of estrogen (1 nmol/L) induced proliferation, whereas high pregnancy levels of estrogen (100 nmol/L) induced a growth arrest of MCF-7 cells, associated with constitutive activation of extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 and up-regulation of cell cycle arrest proteins such as p21(waf/cip). Silencing of ANXA1 with specific small interfering RNA reverses the estrogen-dependent proliferation as well as growth arrest and concomitantly modulates extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation. We confirm that ANXA1 is lost in clinical breast cancer, indicating that the antiproliferative protective function of ANXA1 against high levels of estrogen may be lost. Finally, we show that ANXA1-deficient mice exhibit faster carcinogen-induced tumor growth. Our data suggest that ANXA1 may act as a tumor suppressor gene and modulate the proliferative functions of estrogens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Zhao-Feng Ang
- Department of Physiology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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Karim RZ, Scolyer RA, Tse GM, Tan PH, Putti TC, Lee CS. Pathogenic mechanisms in the initiation and progression of mammary phyllodes tumours. Pathology 2009; 41:105-17. [DOI: 10.1080/00313020802579342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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21
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Nathan SS, Lim CT, Chuah BYS, Putti TC, Stanley AJ, Wong ASC. Renal Cell Carcinoma Bony Metastasis Treatment. Ann Acad Med Singap 2008. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v37n3p247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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22
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Ou K, Yu K, Kesuma D, Hooi M, Huang N, Chen W, Lee SY, Goh XP, Tan LK, Liu J, Soon SY, Bin Abdul Rashid S, Putti TC, Jikuya H, Ichikawa T, Nishimura O, Salto-Tellez M, Tan P. Novel breast cancer biomarkers identified by integrative proteomic and gene expression mapping. J Proteome Res 2008; 7:1518-28. [PMID: 18318472 DOI: 10.1021/pr700820g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Proteomic and transcriptomic platforms both play important roles in cancer research, with differing strengths and limitations. Here, we describe a proteo-transcriptomic integrative strategy for discovering novel cancer biomarkers, combining the direct visualization of differentially expressed proteins with the high-throughput scale of gene expression profiling. Using breast cancer as a case example, we generated comprehensive two-dimensional electrophoresis (2DE)/mass spectrometry (MS) proteomic maps of cancer (MCF-7 and HCC-38) and control (CCD-1059Sk) cell lines, identifying 1724 expressed protein spots representing 484 different protein species. The differentially expressed cell-line proteins were then mapped to mRNA transcript databases of cancer cell lines and primary breast tumors to identify candidate biomarkers that were concordantly expressed at the gene expression level. Of the top nine selected biomarker candidates, we reidentified ANX1, a protein previously reported to be differentially expressed in breast cancers and normal tissues, and validated three other novel candidates, CRAB, 6PGL, and CAZ2, as differentially expressed proteins by immunohistochemistry on breast tissue microarrays. In total, close to half (4/9) of our protein biomarker candidates were successfully validated. Our study thus illustrates how the systematic integration of proteomic and transcriptomic data from both cell line and primary tissue samples can prove advantageous for accelerating cancer biomarker discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keli Ou
- Agenica Research Pte Ltd., National Cancer Centre of Singarope, and Genome Institute of Singapore, 11 Hospital Drive, Singapore 169610
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Nathan SS, Lim CT, Chuah BYS, Putti TC, Stanley AJ, Wong ASC. Renal cell carcinoma bony metastasis treatment. Ann Acad Med Singap 2008; 37:247-248. [PMID: 18392309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
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24
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Lim CT, Wong AS, Chuah BYS, Putti TC, Stanley AJ, Nathan SS. The patella as an unusual site of renal cell carcinoma metastasis. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e314-e319. [PMID: 18043826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
We report a rare case of renal cell carcinoma with metastasis to the patella in a 49-year-old man, who presented with seven months of left knee pain after a fall. Only two similar cases have been reported. Patellar metastasis is rare because it has a relatively poor blood supply and microemboli would have been sieved out by the pulmonary circulation. Patellectomy is the usual treatment for such cases. We suspect that the preferential metastasis in our patient is a result of tropism. Our treatment for this patient is unique. We opted for a patella-preserving operation involving the use of cryotherapy, as this treatment modality preserved the quality of life. An opportunistic biopsy one year later confirmed the absence of active disease within the patella. This case uniquely provides human in vivo histological confirmation that an intralesional procedure with local and systemic adjuvant therapy effectively controls local disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C T Lim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
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25
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Tse GMK, Tan PH, Lui PCW, Putti TC. Spindle cell lesions of the breast--the pathologic differential diagnosis. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 109:199-207. [PMID: 17636400 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-007-9652-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2007] [Accepted: 06/07/2007] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Spindle cell lesions of the breast represent an interesting diagnostic problem, as the differential diagnoses are wide. Diagnosing this is particularly problematic but important when encountered in a needle core biopsy, as treatments of different entities are different. In the histologic assessment of spindle cell lesions, the simplified approach is to evaluate the spindle cells and the accompanying epithelial cells. In the biphasic lesions with predominance of spindle cells with benign epithelial component, fibroepithelial lesions including fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumors are the most common, followed by pseudoangiomatous stromal hyperplasia, hamartoma and adenomyoepithelioma. For biphasic lesions with predominance of spindle cells with malignant epithelial component, the biphasic metaplastic carcinoma is likely. For monophasic lesions with pure pleomorphic spindle cell only, the monophasic metaplastic carcinoma is more common than the rare primary sarcomas like malignant fibrous histiocytoma, angiosarcoma, and other high grade sarcomas. In monophasic lesions with pure bland spindle cells only, the possible lesions include fibromatosis, fibromatosis like metaplastic carcinoma and other unusual conditions like dermatofibrosarcoma protuberance. By careful searching for the accompanying epithelial element, and with the aid of appropriate clinical input and judicious use of immunohistochemistry, many of these lesions can be confidently diagnosed in the needle core biopsy, thus facilitating appropriate treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong.
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26
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Ong K, Tan KB, Putti TC. Myelolipoma within a non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:e200-2. [PMID: 17609815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Myelolipoma within an adrenal cortical adenoma is a very rare cause of adrenal incidentaloma, and only nine cases have been reported in the English and Japanese literature. We report a 66-year-old Chinese man, with a history of hypertension and hyperlipidaemia, who presented with lower limb oedema and had a computed tomography (CT ) of the abdomen done to exclude intra-abdominal mass. His lower limb symptoms resolved after switching his antihypertensive medication. CT of the abdomen showed a large heterogeneously-enhancing mass in the left suprarenal region, measuring 72 mm by 55 mm. Clinical history, physical examination and laboratory results did not show any evidence to suggest metabolic disorder such as Cushing's syndrome, hyperaldosteronism or catecholamine hypersecretion. The patient underwent a left adrenalectomy, and a histopathological study confirmed the mass to be a non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma containing myelolipoma. The patient was well postoperatively and was discharged uneventfully. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first non-functional adrenal cortical adenoma reported; in the nine cases of myelolipoma within an adrenal cortical adenoma reported previously, all the patients had Cushing's syndrome. The literature on synchronous myelolipoma with adrenal adenoma, and myelolipoma within functional adrenal adenoma, is reviewed.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Ong
- Department of Pathology, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074.
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27
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Lim YK, Lau PTC, Ali AB, Lee SC, Wong JEL, Putti TC, Sng JH. Identification of novel BRCA large genomic rearrangements in Singapore Asian breast and ovarian patients with cancer. Clin Genet 2007; 71:331-42. [PMID: 17470134 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-0004.2007.00773.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Large genomic rearrangements have been reported to account for about 10-15% of BRCA1 gene mutations. Approximately, 90 BRCA rearrangements have been described to date, all of which but one have been reported in Caucasian populations of predominantly Western European descent. Knowledge of BRCA genomic rearrangements in Asian populations is still largely unknown. In this study, we have investigated for the presence of BRCA rearrangements among Asian patients with early onset or familial history of breast or ovarian cancer. Using multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA), we have analyzed 100 Singapore patients who previously tested negative for deleterious BRCA mutations by the conventional polymerase chain reaction-based mutation detection methods. Three novel BRCA rearrangements were detected, two of which were characterized. The patients with the rearrangements, a BRCA1 exon 13 duplication, a BRCA1 exon 13-15 deletion and a BRCA2 exon 4-11 duplication, comprise 3% of those previously tested negative for BRCA mutations. Of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic mutations identified in our studies on Asian high-risk breast and ovarian patients with cancer to date, these rearrangements constitute 2/19 and 1/2 of the BRCA1 and BRCA2 pathogenic mutations, respectively. Given the increasing number of rearrangements reported in recent years and their contribution to the BRCA mutation spectrum, the presence of BRCA large exon rearrangements in Asian populations should be investigated where clinical, diagnostic service is recommended.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y K Lim
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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28
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Jin H, Wang X, Ying J, Wong AHY, Li H, Lee KY, Srivastava G, Chan ATC, Yeo W, Ma BBY, Putti TC, Lung ML, Shen ZY, Xu LY, Langford C, Tao Q. Epigenetic identification of ADAMTS18 as a novel 16q23.1 tumor suppressor frequently silenced in esophageal, nasopharyngeal and multiple other carcinomas. Oncogene 2007; 26:7490-8. [PMID: 17546048 PMCID: PMC2875853 DOI: 10.1038/sj.onc.1210559] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Tumor suppressor genes (TSGs) often locate at chromosomal regions with frequent deletions in tumors. Loss of 16q23 occurs frequently in multiple tumors, indicating the presence of critical TSGs at this locus, such as the well-studied WWOX. Herein, we found that ADAMTS18, located next to WWOX, was significantly downregulated in multiple carcinoma cell lines. No deletion of ADAMTS18 was detected with multiplex differential DNA-PCR or high-resolution 1-Mb array-based comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) analysis. Instead, methylation of the ADAMTS18 promoter CpG Island was frequently detected with methylation-specific PCR and bisulfite genome sequencing in multiple carcinoma cell lines and primary carcinomas, but not in any nontumor cell line and normal epithelial tissue. Both pharmacological and genetic demethylation dramatically induced the ADAMTS18 expression, indicating that CpG methylation directly contributes to the tumor-specific silencing of ADAMTS18. Ectopic ADAMTS18 expression led to significant inhibition of both anchorage-dependent and -independent growth of carcinoma cells lacking the expression. Thus, through functional epigenetics, we identified ADAMTS18 as a novel functional tumor suppressor, being frequently inactivated epigenetically in multiple carcinomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongchuan Jin
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Xian Wang
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jianming Ying
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ada Ho Yan Wong
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hongyu Li
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Kwan Yeung Lee
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Anthony TC Chan
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Yeo
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Brigette BY Ma
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Maria L Lung
- Department of Biology and Center for Cancer Research, Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
| | - Zhong-Ying Shen
- SUMC/CUHK Joint Epigenetics Group, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | - Li-Yan Xu
- SUMC/CUHK Joint Epigenetics Group, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
| | | | - Qian Tao
- Cancer Epigenetics Laboratory, State Key Laboratory in Oncology in South China, Sir YK Pao Center for Cancer, Department of Clinical Oncology, Hong Kong Cancer Institute and Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Correspondence: Qian Tao, Rm 315, Cancer Center, Department of Clinical Oncology, PWH, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong. Phone: (852) 2632-1340; Fax: (852) 2648-8842;
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29
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Lakshmanan R, Clarke MJ, Putti TC. Diabetic fibrous mastopathy. Singapore Med J 2007; 48:579-81. [PMID: 17538761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic fibrous mastopathy is reported in a 37-year-old premenopausal woman. A known case of insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus, she presented with bilateral hard breast lumps, which were suggestive of malignancy on both ultrasonography and mammography. Fine-needle aspiration cytology and core biopsy showed fibrosis. An incisional biopsy further excluded malignancy and was conclusive for diabetic fibrous mastopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Lakshmanan
- Department of General Surgery, Alexandra Hospital, Singapore.
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30
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Ali AB, Iau PT, Putti TC, Sng JH. BRCA1 disease-associated haplotypes in Singapore Malay women with early-onset breast/ovarian cancer. Breast Cancer Res Treat 2007; 104:351-3. [PMID: 17406974 DOI: 10.1007/s10549-006-9467-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2006] [Accepted: 11/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A B Ali
- Department of Surgery, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore.
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31
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Thamboo TP, Putti TC. Eye protection during microscopy in histopathology: a simple and effective method. Histopathology 2007; 50:285-7. [PMID: 17222262 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2007.02577.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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32
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Tse GM, Chaiwun B, Lau KM, Scolyer R, Lee CS, Karim RZ, Putti TC, Law BK, Lui PC, Tan PH. Endothelin-1 expression correlates with atypical histological features in mammary phyllodes tumours. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:1051-6. [PMID: 17158636 PMCID: PMC1972415 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.044354] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Endothelin-1 expression is increased in infiltrating duct carcinoma and is associated with larger tumour size, higher histological grade and lymphovascular permeation. This has not been evaluated in phyllodes tumours, which are uncommon fibroepithelial lesions with potential for local recurrences or distant metastasis. While the grading of phyllodes tumours depends on a combination of histological parameters, prediction of their behaviour remains difficult. METHOD A large series of 461 phyllodes tumours (291 benign, 115 borderline malignant and 55 frankly malignant) were evaluated for endothelin-1 expression in both the epithelial cells and stromal cells by immunohistochemistry; results were correlated with the tumour grade. RESULTS For benign phyllodes tumours, the epithelial staining of endothelin was negative, weak, moderate and strong in 6%, 26%, 15% and 53% of cases respectively; results were 4%, 18%, 19% and 59% respectively for borderline and 6%, 18%, 6% and 70% respectively for frankly malignant tumours. For the stromal staining, the negative, weak, moderate and strong staining was 32%, 19%, 18% and 31% respectively for benign phyllodes, 24%, 13%, 10% and 53% respectively for borderline and 8%, 16%, 17% and 59% respectively for frankly malignant tumours. There was correlation between epithelial and stromal staining, and the stromal staining correlated with histological features of stromal cellularity, stromal cell nuclear pleomorphism, margin status and stromal overgrowth. CONCLUSION These observations suggest a close relationship between the epithelial and stromal elements in phyllodes tumours; endothelin may play a significant role in the malignant progression of phyllodes tumours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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33
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34
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Ivshina AV, George J, Senko O, Mow B, Putti TC, Smeds J, Lindahl T, Pawitan Y, Hall P, Nordgren H, Wong JEL, Liu ET, Bergh J, Kuznetsov VA, Miller LD. Genetic reclassification of histologic grade delineates new clinical subtypes of breast cancer. Cancer Res 2006; 66:10292-301. [PMID: 17079448 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-05-4414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 516] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Histologic grading of breast cancer defines morphologic subtypes informative of metastatic potential, although not without considerable interobserver disagreement and clinical heterogeneity particularly among the moderately differentiated grade 2 (G2) tumors. We posited that a gene expression signature capable of discerning tumors of grade 1 (G1) and grade 3 (G3) histology might provide a more objective measure of grade with prognostic benefit for patients with G2 disease. To this end, we studied the expression profiles of 347 primary invasive breast tumors analyzed on Affymetrix microarrays. Using class prediction algorithms, we identified 264 robust grade-associated markers, six of which could accurately classify G1 and G3 tumors, and separate G2 tumors into two highly discriminant classes (termed G2a and G2b genetic grades) with patient survival outcomes highly similar to those with G1 and G3 histology, respectively. Statistical analysis of conventional clinical variables further distinguished G2a and G2b subtypes from each other, but also from histologic G1 and G3 tumors. In multivariate analyses, genetic grade was consistently found to be an independent prognostic indicator of disease recurrence comparable with that of lymph node status and tumor size. When incorporated into the Nottingham prognostic index, genetic grade enhanced detection of patients with less harmful tumors, likely to benefit little from adjuvant therapy. Our findings show that a genetic grade signature can improve prognosis and therapeutic planning for breast cancer patients, and support the view that low- and high-grade disease, as defined genetically, reflect independent pathobiological entities rather than a continuum of cancer progression.
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Abstract
AIMS p63 has been recently reported to be expressed in sarcomatoid/metaplastic carcinoma of the breast, in addition to its role as a myoepithelial marker. A large series of 34 metaplastic carcinomas, including cases with pure epithelial component (squamous cell and adenosquamous carcinomas), biphasic tumours with carcinomatous and sarcomatoid components and monophasic tumours with only spindle cell component, were evaluated for p63 expression with respect to the different cellular components. METHODS All of the metaplastic carcinomas were assessed for p63 and conventional epithelial and mesenchymal markers of AE1/3, CAM5.2 and vimentin by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS All of the different categories of metaplastic carcinomas showed similar clinico-pathological features (patient age, tumour size, nuclear grade, mitotic activity, lymph node status and hormonal receptor status). For metaplastic carcinoma with epithelial component only, p63 was only expressed in the squamous cell component, but not the adenocarcinoma component. Eight of the 10 tumours were positive for p63. For the tumours with sarcomatoid component, either singly or together with carcinomatous component, p63 was positive in 14 of 24 cases. Pure sarcomas and carcinomas were all negative for p63 staining by immunohistochemistry, thus rendering p63 staining highly specific for diagnosing metaplastic carcinoma. CONCLUSIONS Using p63 for diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma gives a sensitivity of 65%, a specificity of 96%, a positive predictive value of 96%, and a negative predictive value of 66% and an accuracy of 78%. p63 may be used as an adjunct marker in the diagnosis of metaplastic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong.
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36
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Rakha EA, Putti TC, Abd El-Rehim DM, Paish C, Green AR, Powe DG, Lee AH, Robertson JF, Ellis IO. Morphological and immunophenotypic analysis of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial differentiation. J Pathol 2006; 208:495-506. [PMID: 16429394 DOI: 10.1002/path.1916] [Citation(s) in RCA: 224] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical profile of breast carcinomas with basal and myoepithelial phenotypes to obtain a better understanding of their biological behaviour and nature. One thousand nine hundred and forty-four invasive breast carcinomas were examined, using tissue microarray (TMA) technology and immunohistochemistry, to identify those tumours that showed basal and myoepithelial phenotypes, and their immunophenotype profile was characterized using a variety of markers. In addition, haematoxylin and eosin-stained sections of these tumours were studied for several morphological parameters. The findings were correlated with patient and tumour characteristics and outcome data. Tumours were classified into two groups: (1) tumours with basal phenotype [expressing one or both basal markers (CK5/6 and/or CK14)] and (2) tumours with myoepithelial phenotype (expressing SMA and/or p63). Group 1 was further subdivided into two subgroups: (A) dominant basal pattern (more than 50% of cells positive) and (B) basal characteristics (10-50% of cells positive). Group 1 tumours constituted 18.6% (8.6% and 10% for groups 1A and 1B, respectively) and group 2 constituted 13.7% of the cases. In both groups, the most common histological types were ductal/no specific type, tubular mixed and medullary-like carcinomas; the majority of these tumours were grade 3. There were positive associations with adenoid cystic growth pattern, loss of tubule formation, marked cellular pleomorphism, poorer Nottingham prognostic index, and development of distant metastasis. In addition, associations were found with loss of expression of steroid hormone receptors and FHIT proteins and positive expression of p53 and EGFR. The most common characteristics in group 1 were larger size, high-grade comedo-type necrosis, development of tumour recurrence, and absence of lymph node disease. Group 2 tumours were more common in younger patients and were associated with central acellular zones, basaloid change, and positive E-cadherin protein expression. Group 1 characteristics were associated with both reduced overall survival (OS) [log rank (LR) = 22.5, p < 0.001] and reduced disease-free interval (DFI) (LR = 30.1, p < 0.001), while group 2 characteristics showed an association with OS (LR = 5, p = 0.02) but not with DFI. Multivariate analysis showed that basal, but not myoepithelial, phenotype has an independent value in predicting outcome. Breast cancers with basal and myoepithelial phenotypes are distinct groups of tumours that share some common morphological features and an association with poor prognosis. The basal rather than the myoepithelial phenotype has the strongest relationship with patient outcome.
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MESH Headings
- Actins/genetics
- Adult
- Age Factors
- Aged
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Breast Neoplasms/metabolism
- Breast Neoplasms/mortality
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Cadherins/analysis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/mortality
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Cell Differentiation
- Disease-Free Survival
- ErbB Receptors/analysis
- Female
- Genes, p53
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Keratins/genetics
- Middle Aged
- Multivariate Analysis
- Myoepithelioma/metabolism
- Myoepithelioma/mortality
- Myoepithelioma/pathology
- Necrosis
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/immunology
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/mortality
- Neoplasms, Basal Cell/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/analysis
- Staining and Labeling
- Survival Rate
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Affiliation(s)
- E A Rakha
- Department of Histopathology, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust and University of Nottingham, UK
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37
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Lui PCW, Tse GMK, Tan PH, Jayaram G, Putti TC, Chaiwun B, Chan NHL, Lau PPL, Mak KL, Khin AT. Fine-needle aspiration cytology of metaplastic carcinoma of the breast. J Clin Pathol 2006; 60:529-33. [PMID: 16798932 PMCID: PMC1994547 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2006.039412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metaplastic carcinoma of the breast encompasses a heterogeneous group of tumours with variable components of sarcomatoid, squamous or poorly differentiated carcinomas. AIM To review a series of 19 cytological preparations of metaplastic carcinomas to assess diagnostic cytological features. METHODS 17 cases of fine-needle aspirates of histologically proven metaplastic carcinomas (4 monophasic spindle cell carcinomas, 4 squamous cell carcinomas and 11 biphasic tumours) were reviewed, with an emphasis on the presence of poorly differentiated carcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma, atypical spindle cells, benign stromal fragments and necrosis. RESULTS All cases were diagnosed as malignant, with 68% of cases showing moderate to high cellularity, and 47% showing necrosis. If the tumours were analysed according to the constituting components histologically, 7, 15 and 8 cases, respectively, possess poorly differentiated carcinoma cells, sarcomatoid malignant cells and squamous carcinoma cells, whereas these components were cytologically identified in 11, 10 and 7 cases, respectively. Dual tumour populations were identified in only 5 of the 11 biphasic carcinomas in the cytological preparations; and the stromal material was cytologically identified in the only case with chondroid stroma. CONCLUSIONS Identification of metaplastic carcinoma in cytology remains problematic. There seems to be morphological overlap between various components. The identification of dual components, unequivocal squamous carcinoma cells and chondroid stroma is helpful for diagnosis, but it is uncommon. The presence of poorly differentiated carcinoma cells with a suggestion of focal spindle morphology is another clue to the suggestion of metaplastic carcinoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip C W Lui
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong.
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Abstract
Objectives: To determine whether cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) is overexpressed in Warthin's tumours, and to characterize its pattern of expression.Methods: Twenty-one paraffin-embedded Warthin's tumour specimens were analysed by immunohistochemical staining for expression of human COX-2. Semi-quantitative analysis of the staining was performed.Results: In all of the specimens, we found that there was overexpression of COX-2 within the epithelial component of the tumours, with no expression in the lymphoid components. There was also overexpression of COX-2 in the salivary duct system of normal parotid tissue.Conclusions: Our results suggest that COX-2 is up-regulated in the epithelial component of Warthin's tumours. Our findings support the hypothesis that Warthin's tumours originate from heterotopic ductal epithelial cells of the parotid gland. The role of COX-2 expression in the pathogenesis of Warthin's tumours remains to be determined.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H C Loy
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore.
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40
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Teo WY, Tan HKK, Goh BC, Putti TC. Postirradiation Sarcoma of the Sphenoid Bone – A Case Report. Ann Acad Med Singap 2006. [DOI: 10.47102/annals-acadmedsg.v35n2p104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: The development of secondary tumours as a result of radiation therapy is a rare but serious complication.
Clinical Picture: This is a case report of a 45-year-old Chinese male who developed postirradiation sarcoma of the sphenoid bone in less than 5 years after radiation therapy for Stage T3N1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Discussion: In the literature, the only case of postirradiation osteosarcoma of the sphenoid bone was after radiation therapy for craniopharyngioma. There was no previously reported case of postirradiation sarcoma of the sphenoid bone after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma.
Conclusion: This is the first case of postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the sphenoid to be reported. Of about 3000 patients treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a 10-year period in Singapore, only 1 patient developed postirradiation tumour of the sphenoid bone.
Key words: Malignant fibrous histiocytoma, Nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Secondary tumours
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yee Teo
- Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
| | - Henry KK Tan
- Kandang Kerbau Women’s and Children’s Hospital, Singapore
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Mammary metaplastic carcinoma encompasses epithelial-only carcinoma (high-grade adenosquamous carcinoma or pure squamous cell carcinoma), biphasic epithelial and sarcomatoid carcinoma and monophasic spindle cell carcinoma. AIM To evaluate the clinicopathological features of a large series of 34 metaplastic carcinomas. METHODS 10 epithelial-only, 14 biphasic and 10 monophasic metaplastic carcinomas were assessed for nuclear grade, hormone receptor status, HER2/neu (cerbB2) oncogene expression, Ki-67 and p53, lymph node status and recurrence on follow-up. RESULTS Intermediate to high nuclear grade were assessed in most (33/34) tumours. Oestrogen and progesterone receptors were negative in 8 of 10 epithelial-only, all 14 biphasic, and 9 of 10 monophasic tumours, cerbB2 was negative in 7 of 10 epithelial-only, all 14 biphasic and 8 of 10 monophasic tumours. Ki-67 was found to be positive in 6 of 10 epithelial-only, 6 of 14 biphasic, and 7 of 10 monophasic tumours, whereas p53 was positive in 6 of 10 epithelial-only, 7 of 14 biphasic, and 8 of 10 monophasic tumours. Lymph node metastases were seen in 7 of 7 epithelial-only, 7 of 11 biphasic, and 3 of 7 monophasic tumours. Recurrences were seen in 4 of 7 epithelial-only, 8 of 9 biphasic, and 4 of 9 monophasic tumours. CONCLUSIONS All three subtypes of metaplastic carcinoma are known to behave aggressively, and should be differentiated from the low-grade fibromatosis-like metaplastic carcinoma, which does not metastasize. Oncological treatment options may be limited by the frequently negative status of hormonal receptor and cerbB2.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.
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42
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Teo WY, Tan HKK, Goh BC, Putti TC. Postirradiation sarcoma of the sphenoid bone--a case report. Ann Acad Med Singap 2006; 35:104-7. [PMID: 16565764] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The development of secondary tumours as a result of radiation therapy is a rare but serious complication. CLINICAL PICTURE This is a case report of a 45-year-old Chinese male who developed postirradiation sarcoma of the sphenoid bone in less than 5 years after radiation therapy for Stage T3N1M0 nasopharyngeal carcinoma. DISCUSSION In the literature, the only case of postirradiation osteosarcoma of the sphenoid bone was after radiation therapy for craniopharyngioma. There was no previously reported case of postirradiation sarcoma of the sphenoid bone after radiation therapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. CONCLUSION This is the first case of postirradiation malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the sphenoid to be reported. Of about 3000 patients treated with radiotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma over a 10-year period in Singapore, only 1 patient developed postirradiation tumour of the sphenoid bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yee Teo
- Department of Paediatric Medicine, Kandang Kerbau Women's and Children's Hospital, Singapore
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43
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Abstract
Considerable progress has been made in understanding breast lesions utilizing molecular methods, but conventional morphology, simple immunohistochemical stains and common sense still prevail in diagnosing the vast majority of breast disease. The focus of this review is to identify the most common breast lesions sent to our consultation practice, and to reiterate salient diagnostic features, differential diagnoses and common pitfalls in identifying these lesions. Separation of epithelial proliferative lesions and differentiation between usual epithelial hyperplasia (UEH) and atypical ductal hyperplasia (ADH) are the most common problems encountered in our Consultation practice. Differentiation between UEH and ADH is based on the assumption that ADH is a clonal process, recognized by a uniform phenotype and more recently described immunohistochemical markers such as differential cytokeratin and also hormone receptor expression. Difficulty in subtyping invasive carcinomas and exclusion of in situ and/or invasive carcinoma in a sclerosing lesion is also commonly noted. Finally, problems in distinguishing various papillary and fibroepithelial lesions are also encountered. The use of common immunohistochemical stains such as various cytokeratin and myoepithelial markers, E-cadherin and hormone receptors is helpful in solving most of these diagnostic dilemmas.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Breast Diseases/diagnosis
- Breast Diseases/pathology
- Breast Neoplasms/diagnosis
- Breast Neoplasms/pathology
- Carcinoma in Situ/diagnosis
- Carcinoma in Situ/pathology
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Ductal, Breast/pathology
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Intraductal, Noninfiltrating/pathology
- Carcinoma, Papillary/diagnosis
- Carcinoma, Papillary/pathology
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Female
- Fibrosis/diagnosis
- Fibrosis/pathology
- Humans
- Hyperplasia/diagnosis
- Hyperplasia/pathology
- Mammary Glands, Human/pathology
- Middle Aged
- Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/diagnosis
- Neoplasms, Fibroepithelial/pathology
- Papilloma/diagnosis
- Papilloma/pathology
- Referral and Consultation
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore, and Department of Histopathology, The Breast Unit, Nottingham City Hospital NHS Trust, UK
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Tse GMK, Wong FC, Tsang AKH, Lee CS, Lui PCW, Lo AWI, Law BKB, Scolyer RA, Karim RZ, Putti TC. Stromal nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression correlates with the grade of mammary phyllodes tumour. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:600-4. [PMID: 15917410 PMCID: PMC1770683 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.023028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Nitric oxide synthase (NOS), particularly endothelial and inducible forms (e/i-NOS), are expressed in various cancers, including breast cancer. In mammary fibroepithelial lesions, NOS expression in stromal cells has been reported to be lower in fibroadenomas than in phyllodes tumours. AIMS To investigate NOS expression in phyllodes tumours of varying degrees of malignancy. METHODS One hundred and sixty seven mammary phyllodes tumours (97 benign, 47 borderline malignant, and 23 frankly malignant) were evaluated for e-NOS and i-NOS expression by immunohistochemistry. Correlations with previously reported expression of stromal vascular growth factor (VEGF) and microvessel density were also performed. RESULTS Stromal expression of e-NOS was absent, weak, moderate, and strong in 43%, 31%, 13%, and 13% of benign tumours; 17%, 26%, 13%, and 44% of borderline malignant tumours; and 17%, 35%, 13%, and 35% of frankly malignant tumours, respectively. Stromal expression of i-NOS was 77%, 18%, 4%, and 1% in benign tumours; 42%, 28%, 19%, and 11% in borderline malignant tumours; and 43%, 13%, 26%, and 18% in frankly malignant tumours, respectively. Stromal expression of both i-NOS and e-NOS was significantly different between the benign and malignant (borderline and frank) groups of phyllodes tumours (p < 0.0001). Furthermore, the expression of i-NOS correlated with stromal VEGF expression and microvessel density. The expression of NOS in the epithelial cells was strong, and showed no differences between the different groups of tumours. CONCLUSIONS Higher stromal expression of NOS in phyllodes tumours is associated with malignancy, suggesting a possible role in malignant progression, particularly metastasising potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Chinese University of Hong Kong, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, Hong Kong, China.
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45
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Abstract
Tuberculosis (TB) of the liver is usually associated with miliary spread. Macronodular TB of the liver is rare. A case of macronodular TB of the liver in a 31-year-old woman causing portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension is presented. Ultrasound and CT appearances are described. There was coexistent ileo-caecal TB with extensive mesenteric and retroperitoneal lymphadenopathy. Macronodular TB should be considered in the differential diagnosis when a patient presents with multiple calcified masses in the liver with portal vein thrombosis and portal hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Venkatesh
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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46
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Cyclooxygenase 2 (COX-2), an inducible prostaglandin synthase, participates in inflammatory and neoplastic processes. It is expressed by various tumours and contributes to carcinogenesis. Notably, COX-2 inhibitors appear to have tumour suppressor effects and are being evaluated in clinical trials. AIMS To investigate COX-2 expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC), a common tumour in parts of Asia, and to discuss potential implications. METHODS Eighty five cases of NPC were reviewed. COX-2 immunohistochemistry and semiquantitative assessment of expression in nasopharyngeal biopsies were performed. Because COX-2 is proangiogenic, tumour microvessel density was also assessed with the use of CD31 immunohistochemistry. RESULTS Histologically, 78 NPCs were undifferentiated, six were non-keratinising, and one was keratinising. Thirty nine NPCs had adjacent dysplastic epithelium. COX-2 expression was noted in 60 NPCs, 14 of 39 samples of dysplastic epithelium, and only one of 25 samples of normal epithelium (p < 0.01). Microvessel density was not significantly different between COX-2 positive and COX-2 negative tumours (p = 0.774). Tumour COX-2 positivity was not associated with higher tumour stage (p = 0.423). CONCLUSION COX-2 expression is more frequently seen as nasopharyngeal epithelium progresses from normal to dysplastic to carcinoma. This suggests that COX-2 contributes to the multistep process of NPC carcinogenesis. COX-2 represents a therapeutic target for COX-2 inhibitors, and there is thus a basis for the further investigation of this adjuvant treatment modality for NPC. COX-2 inhibitors are known to potentiate the antitumour effects of radiotherapy, which is the primary treatment for NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-B Tan
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074.
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Tse GMK, Tsang AKH, Putti TC, Scolyer RA, Lui PCW, Law BKB, Karim RZ, Lee CS. Stromal CD10 expression in mammary fibroadenomas and phyllodes tumours. J Clin Pathol 2005; 58:185-9. [PMID: 15677540 PMCID: PMC1770579 DOI: 10.1136/jcp.2004.020917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2004] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS CD10 (CALLA) has recently been reported to be expressed in spindle cell neoplasia, and has been used to differentiate endometrial stromal sarcoma from leiomyoma and leiomyosarcoma. In the breast, myoepithelial cells express CD10, but there are few studies of the expression of CD10 in mammary fibroepithelial lesions. METHODS Stromal CD10 expression was studied in 181 mammary phyllodes tumours (102 benign, 51 borderline malignant, and 28 frankly malignant) and 33 fibroadenomas using immunohistochemistry, to evaluate whether differences in expression correlated with the degree of malignancy. RESULTS There was a progressive increase in the patients' age and tumour size, from fibroadenoma to phyllodes tumours with an increasing degree of malignancy (p < 0.001). Stromal CD10 expression was positive in one of 33 fibroadenomas, six of 102 benign phyllodes tumours, 16 of 51 borderline malignant phyllodes tumours, and 14 of 28 frankly malignant phyllodes tumours. The difference was significant (p < 0.001) and an increasing trend was established. Strong staining was seen in subepithelial areas with higher stromal cellularity and activity. Stromal CD10 expression had a high specificity (95%) for differentiating between benign lesions (fibroadenomas and benign phyllodes tumours) and malignant (borderline and frankly malignant) phyllodes tumours. CONCLUSIONS CD10 may be a useful adjunct in assessing malignancy in mammary fibroepithelial lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- G M K Tse
- Department of Anatomical and Cellular Pathology, Prince of Wales Hospital, Ngan Shing Street, Shatin, NT, HKSAR, China.
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Salto-Tellez M, Putti TC, Lee CK, Chiu LL, Koay ESC. Adenomyoepithelioma of the breast: description of allelic imbalance and microsatellite instability. Histopathology 2005; 46:230-1. [PMID: 15693897 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Putti TC, El-Rehim DMA, Rakha EA, Paish CE, Lee AHS, Pinder SE, Ellis IO. Estrogen receptor-negative breast carcinomas: a review of morphology and immunophenotypical analysis. Mod Pathol 2005; 18:26-35. [PMID: 15332092 DOI: 10.1038/modpathol.3800255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Estrogen receptor (ER)-negative breast cancers are a group of tumors with poor prognosis and fewer cancer prevention and treatment strategies compared to ER-positive tumors. The aim of this study was to assess the morphological characteristics and immunohistochemical profile of ER-negative tumors and thus to understand the biological behavior and unique nature. In total, 291 consecutive ER-negative cases available from our primary breast cancer series were examined. Hematoxylin- and eosin-stained sections of all the cases were studied for several morphological parameters and their immunophenotype profile. These findings were correlated with patient and tumor characteristics and survival data. ER-negative tumors constituted 30% of the primary operable breast cancer series. The majority of tumors were grade 3 (94%) and the commonest histological types were ductal/no specific type (85%), and atypical medullary carcinoma (8%). High-grade comedo-type necrosis, lymphoid stroma, central necrosis/fibrosis and pushing margins were the most common morphological features. The presence of a pushing margin showed a significant relation to androgen receptor negativity, absence of epidermal growth factor receptor expression and negative lymph nodes. Lymphoid stroma and comedo-necrosis correlated with higher tumor grade. ER-negative breast cancers are a distinct group of tumors with several common morphological features. Grade 3 histology, pushing margin, lymphoid stroma, comedo-type necrosis and central fibrosis/necrosis are the dominant morphological findings. The presence of a pushing margin appears to have a significant correlation with negative lymph node status. ER-negative tumors show a higher expression of p53, CerbB2 and epidermal growth factor receptor compared to ER-positive breast cancer. These unique features support the concept that ER-negative tumors are a morphologically and phenotypically distinct entity and provide a rationale for the study and use of newer promising agents in the treatment of ER-negative breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas C Putti
- Department of Pathology, National University of Singapore, Singapore
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50
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Malignant mesenchymoma is a rare tumor and location in the uterus is even rarer. We describe the first case of malignant mesenchymoma arising from a uterine fibroid in the menopause. CASE REPORT A 64-year-old woman presented with abdominal pain and underwent surgery for a large "uterine fibroid" with suspicious features on ultrasound scan. The mass had developed after the menopause. Histology showed benign leiomyomatous tissue with malignant areas consistent with malignant mesenchymoma. CONCLUSION We report the first case of malignant mesenchymoma arising from the uterus in menopause. Certain radiological features may be associated with this tumor. Due to its rarity, information on management of uterine malignant mesenchymoma is lacking and management options of uterine leiomyosarcomas are reviewed as a surrogate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cynthia C Y Kew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, National University of Singapore, National University Hospital, 5 Lower Kent Ridge Road, Singapore 119074
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