1
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Li P, Rietscher K, Jopp H, Magin TM, Omary MB. Posttranslational modifications of keratins and their associated proteins as therapeutic targets in keratin diseases. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102264. [PMID: 37925932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
The keratin cytoskeleton protects epithelia against mechanical, nonmechanical, and physical stresses, and participates in multiple signaling pathways that regulate cell integrity and resilience. Keratin gene mutations cause multiple rare monoallelic epithelial diseases termed keratinopathies, including the skin diseases Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex (EBS) and Pachyonychia Congenita (PC), with limited available therapies. The disease-related keratin mutations trigger posttranslational modifications (PTMs) in keratins and their associated proteins that can aggravate the disease. Recent findings of drug high-throughput screening have led to the identification of compounds that may be repurposed, since they are used for other human diseases, to treat keratinopathies. These drugs target unique PTM pathways and sites, including phosphorylation and acetylation of keratins and their associated proteins, and have shed insights into keratin regulation and interactions. They also offer the prospect of testing the use of drug mixtures, with the long view of possible beneficial human use coupled with increased efficacy and lower side effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henriette Jopp
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA.
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2
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Di Russo J, Magin TM, Leube RE. A keratin code defines the textile nature of epithelial tissue architecture. Curr Opin Cell Biol 2023; 85:102236. [PMID: 37708744 DOI: 10.1016/j.ceb.2023.102236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
We suggest that the human body can be viewed as of textile nature whose fabric consists of interconnected fiber systems. These fiber systems form highly dynamic scaffolds, which respond to environmental changes at different temporal and spatial scales. This is especially relevant at sites where epithelia border on connective tissue regions that are exposed to dynamic microenvironments. We propose that the enormous heterogeneity and adaptability of epithelia are based on a "keratin code", which results from the cell-specific expression and posttranslational modification of keratin isotypes. It thereby defines unique cytoskeletal intermediate filament networks that are coupled across cells and to the correspondingly heterogeneous fibers of the underlying extracellular matrix. The resulting fabric confers unique local properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jacopo Di Russo
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany; Interdisciplinary Centre for Clinical Research, RWTH Aachen University, Pauwelstrasse 30, 52074 Aachen, Germany; DWI - Leibniz-Institute for Interactive Materials, Forckenbeckstrasse 50, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Philipp-Rosenthal-Str. 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Wendlingweg 2, 52074 Aachen, Germany.
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3
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Rietscher K, Homberg M, Kovalenko I, Sexton JZ, Rice RH, Has C, Omary MB, Magin TM. Painting and dissecting Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex-associated keratin aggregates. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:109-111. [PMID: 37735021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Melanie Homberg
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ilya Kovalenko
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; U-M Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Insilico Medicine HK Limited, Pak Shek Kok, Hong Kong
| | - Jonathan Z Sexton
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; Department of Internal Medicine, Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Michigan Medicine at the University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA; U-M Center for Drug Repurposing, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, CA, USA; Forensic Science Program, University of California, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, and Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, USA
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Professorship of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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4
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Rietscher K, Magin TM. Mechanobiology: Border crosstalk protects the nucleus from stress. Curr Biol 2023; 33:R1002-R1004. [PMID: 37816316 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2023.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
A new study reports that the extracellular matrix component laminin-111 shields the nucleus from actin-mediated forces by engaging the keratin cytoskeleton. Thus, matrix composition represents a means by which tissues can protect cell nuclei from mechanical damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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5
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Groh N, Magin TM. Pseudomonas-Derived Pyocyanin Links Oxidative Stress and Keratin 6 Expression to Wound Healing. J Invest Dermatol 2023; 143:1865-1867. [PMID: 37318404 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2023.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 04/07/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Niclas Groh
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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6
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Sun J, Li P, Gui H, Rittié L, Lombard DB, Rietscher K, Magin TM, Xie Q, Liu L, Omary MB. Deacetylation via SIRT2 prevents keratin-mutation-associated injury and keratin aggregation. JCI Insight 2023; 8:e166314. [PMID: 37485877 PMCID: PMC10443796 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.166314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Keratin (K) and other intermediate filament (IF) protein mutations at conserved arginines disrupt keratin filaments into aggregates and cause human epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS; K14-R125C) or predispose to mouse liver injury (K18-R90C). The challenge for more than 70 IF-associated diseases is the lack of clinically utilized IF-targeted therapies. We used high-throughput drug screening to identify compounds that normalized mutation-triggered keratin filament disruption. Parthenolide, a plant sesquiterpene lactone, dramatically reversed keratin filament disruption and protected cells and mice expressing K18-R90C from apoptosis. K18-R90C became hyperacetylated compared with K18-WT and treatment with parthenolide normalized K18 acetylation. Parthenolide upregulated the NAD-dependent SIRT2, and increased SIRT2-keratin association. SIRT2 knockdown or pharmacologic inhibition blocked the parthenolide effect, while site-specific Lys-to-Arg mutation of keratin acetylation sites normalized K18-R90C filaments. Treatment of K18-R90C-expressing cells and mice with nicotinamide mononucleotide had a parthenolide-like protective effect. In 2 human K18 variants that associate with human fatal drug-induced liver injury, parthenolide protected K18-D89H- but not K8-K393R-induced filament disruption and cell death. Importantly, parthenolide normalized K14-R125C-mediated filament disruption in keratinocytes and inhibited dispase-triggered keratinocyte sheet fragmentation and Fas-mediated apoptosis. Therefore, keratin acetylation may provide a novel therapeutic target for some keratin-associated diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Sun
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Pei Li
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
| | - Honglian Gui
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Laure Rittié
- Department of Dermatology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - David B. Lombard
- Sylvester Comprehensive Cancer Center, and Department of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, Florida, USA
| | - Katrin Rietscher
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Qing Xie
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Ruijin Hospital, Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China
| | - Li Liu
- Hepatology Unit and Department of Infectious Diseases, Nanfang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - M. Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA
- Department of Molecular & Integrative Physiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
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7
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Winkler R, Quaas M, Glasmacher S, Wolfrum U, Thalheim T, Galle J, Krohn K, Magin TM, Aust G. Correction: Winkler et al. The Adhesion G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR115/ ADGRF4 Regulates Epidermal Differentiation and Associates with Cytoskeletal KRT1. Cells 2022, 11, 3151. Cells 2023; 12:1677. [PMID: 37443844 DOI: 10.3390/cells12131677] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
In the original publication [...].
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Affiliation(s)
- Romy Winkler
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Marianne Quaas
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Stefan Glasmacher
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Wolfrum
- Institute of Molecular Physiology, Molecular Cell Biology, Johannes Gutenberg University of Mainz, 55128 Mainz, Germany
| | - Torsten Thalheim
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörg Galle
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics (IZBI), Leipzig University, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Knut Krohn
- Core Unit DNA-Technologies, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gabriela Aust
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Orthopedic Surgery, Traumatology and Plastic Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
- Research Laboratories and Clinic of Visceral, Transplantation, Thoracic, and Vascular Surgery, Leipzig University and University Hospital, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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8
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Rietscher K, Jahnke HG, Rübsam M, Lin EW, Has C, Omary MB, Niessen CM, Magin TM. Kinase Inhibition by PKC412 Prevents Epithelial Sheet Damage in Autosomal Dominant Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex through Keratin and Cell Contact Stabilization. J Invest Dermatol 2022; 142:3282-3293. [PMID: 35691363 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2022.05.1088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 05/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) is a severe and potentially life-threatening disorder for which no adequate therapy exists. Most cases are caused by dominant sequence variations in keratin genes K5 or K14, leading to the formation of cytoplasmic keratin aggregates, profound keratinocyte fragility, and cytolysis. We hypothesized that pharmacological reduction of keratin aggregates, which compromise keratinocyte integrity, represents a viable strategy for the treatment of EBS. In this study, we show that the multikinase inhibitor PKC412, which is currently in clinical use for acute myeloid leukemia and advanced systemic mastocytosis, reduced keratin aggregation by 40% in patient-derived K14.R125C EBS-associated keratinocytes. Using a combination of epithelial shear stress assay and real-time impedance spectroscopy, we show that PKC412 restored intercellular adhesion. Molecularly, global phosphoproteomic analysis together with immunoblots using phosphoepitope-specific antibodies revealed that PKC412 treatment altered phosphorylated sites on keratins and desmoplakin. Thus, our data provide a proof of concept to repurpose existing drugs for the targeted treatment of EBS and showcase how one broad-range kinase inhibitor reduced keratin filament aggregation in patient-derived EBS keratinocytes and the fragility of EBS cell monolayers. Our study paves the way for a clinical trial using PKC412 for systemic or local application in patients with EBS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katrin Rietscher
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Heinz-Georg Jahnke
- Division of Molecular Biological-Biochemical Processing Technology, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Matthias Rübsam
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eric W Lin
- Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cristina Has
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - M Bishr Omary
- Center for Advanced Biotechnology and Medicine, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, USA; Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, USA
| | - Carien M Niessen
- Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany; Department Cell Biology of the Skin, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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9
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Büchau F, Vielmuth F, Waschke J, Magin TM. Bidirectional regulation of desmosome hyperadhesion by keratin isotypes and desmosomal components. Cell Mol Life Sci 2022; 79:223. [PMID: 35380280 PMCID: PMC8983532 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-022-04244-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Desmosomes are intercellular junctions which mediate cohesion and communication in tissues exposed to mechanical strain by tethering the intermediate filament cytoskeleton to the plasma membrane. While mature desmosomes are characterized by a hyperadhesive, Ca2+-independent state, they transiently loose this state during wound healing, pathogenesis and tissue regeneration. The mechanisms controlling the hyperadhesive state remain incompletely understood. Here, we show that upon Ca2+-induced keratinocyte differentiation, expression of keratin 17 (K17) prevents the formation of stable and hyperadhesive desmosomes, accompanied by a significant reduction of desmoplakin (DP), plakophilin-1 (PKP1), desmoglein-1 (Dsg1) and -3 (Dsg3) at intercellular cell borders. Atomic force microscopy revealed that both increased binding strength of desmoglein-3 molecules and amount of desmoglein-3 oligomers, known hallmarks of hyperadhesion, were reduced in K17- compared to K14-expressing cells. Importantly, overexpression of Dsg3 or DPII enhanced their localization at intercellular cell borders and increased the formation of Dsg3 oligomers, resulting in stable, hyperadhesive desmosomes despite the presence of K17. Notably, PKP1 was enriched in these desmosomes. Quantitative image analysis revealed that DPII overexpression contributed to desmosome hyperadhesion by increasing the abundance of K5/K17-positive keratin filaments in the proximity of desmosomes enriched in desmoglein-3. Thus, our data show that hyperadhesion can result from recruitment of keratin isotypes K5/K17 to desmosomes or from enhanced expression of DP and Dsg3 irrespective of keratin composition. The notion that hyperadhesive desmosomes failed to form in the absence of keratins underscores the essential role of keratins and suggest bidirectional control mechanisms at several levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fanny Büchau
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Franziska Vielmuth
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Chair of Vegetative Anatomy, Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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10
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Nahaboo W, Eski SE, Despin-Guitard E, Vermeersch M, Versaevel M, Saykali B, Monteyne D, Gabriele S, Magin TM, Schwarz N, Leube RE, Zwijsen A, Perez-Morga D, Singh SP, Migeotte I. Keratin filaments mediate the expansion of extra-embryonic membranes in the post-gastrulation mouse embryo. EMBO J 2022; 41:e108747. [PMID: 35266581 PMCID: PMC8982622 DOI: 10.15252/embj.2021108747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Mesoderm arises at gastrulation and contributes to both the mouse embryo proper and its extra-embryonic membranes. Two-photon live imaging of embryos bearing a keratin reporter allowed recording filament nucleation and elongation in the extra-embryonic region. Upon separation of amniotic and exocoelomic cavities, keratin 8 formed apical cables co-aligned across multiple cells in the amnion, allantois, and blood islands. An influence of substrate rigidity and composition on cell behavior and keratin content was observed in mesoderm explants. Embryos lacking all keratin filaments displayed a deflated extra-embryonic cavity, a narrow thick amnion, and a short allantois. Single-cell RNA sequencing of sorted mesoderm cells and micro-dissected amnion, chorion, and allantois, provided an atlas of transcriptomes with germ layer and regional information. It defined the cytoskeleton and adhesion expression profile of mesoderm-derived keratin 8-enriched cells lining the exocoelomic cavity. Those findings indicate a novel role for keratin filaments in the expansion of extra-embryonic structures and suggest mechanisms of mesoderm adaptation to the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wallis Nahaboo
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Sema Elif Eski
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Evangéline Despin-Guitard
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marjorie Vermeersch
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Marie Versaevel
- Mechanobiology and Soft Matter Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Bechara Saykali
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Daniel Monteyne
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sylvain Gabriele
- Mechanobiology and Soft Matter Group, Research Institute for Biosciences, University of Mons, Mons, Belgium
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | | | - David Perez-Morga
- Center for Microscopy and Molecular Imaging (CMMI), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium.,Laboratory of Molecular Parasitology, IBMM, Université Libre de Bruxelles, Gosselies, Belgium
| | - Sumeet Pal Singh
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Isabelle Migeotte
- Institut de Recherche Interdisciplinaire en Biologie Humaine et Moléculaire (IRIBHM), Université Libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
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11
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Vetter A, Beier LS, Bouameur JE, Magin TM. Keratins modulate cellular redox homeostasis and mitochondrial dynamics. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:2264-2267.e6. [PMID: 34974054 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.12.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vetter
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Laura-Sophie Beier
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Phillip-Rosenthal-Straße 55, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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12
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Magin TM, Hatzfeld M. Messages from Mutant Desmosomes. J Invest Dermatol 2021; 142:272-274. [PMID: 34799122 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Revised: 08/03/2021] [Accepted: 08/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Single gene disorders are ideally suited to establish robust genotype‒phenotype correlations and provide excellent opportunities to understand molecular pathomechanisms with relevance to complex disorders. The observation that patients diagnosed with the same causative mutation can present with phenotypic disease variability illustrates the significant role of disease modifiers and warns against oversimplification. In a new article in the Journal of Investigative Dermatology, Zimmer et al. (2021) analyze two mutations located in the desmoglein (DSG) 1 transmembrane domain (TMD) and find that both mutants fail to assemble into desmosomes owing to reduced membrane trafficking and lipid raft targeting. One mutation maintained normal protein expression levels and turnover relative to those of wild-type (WT) DSG1, and behaved as a dominant negative. The second mutant showed reduced stability and increased turnover compared with WT DSG1 as well as reduced desmosome size and abundance. A full understanding of the TMD of DSG1 requires cell biological approaches, underscoring the value of cell biology in biomedical research in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine (IMM), Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
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13
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Weber MS, Eibauer M, Sivagurunathan S, Magin TM, Goldman RD, Medalia O. Structural heterogeneity of cellular K5/K14 filaments as revealed by cryo-electron microscopy. eLife 2021; 10:70307. [PMID: 34323216 PMCID: PMC8360650 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2021] [Accepted: 07/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filaments are an essential and major component of the cytoskeleton in epithelial cells. They form a stable yet dynamic filamentous network extending from the nucleus to the cell periphery, which provides resistance to mechanical stresses. Mutations in keratin genes are related to a variety of epithelial tissue diseases. Despite their importance, the molecular structure of keratin filaments remains largely unknown. In this study, we analyzed the structure of keratin 5/keratin 14 filaments within ghost mouse keratinocytes by cryo-electron microscopy and cryo-electron tomography. By averaging a large number of keratin segments, we have gained insights into the helical architecture of the filaments. Two-dimensional classification revealed profound variations in the diameter of keratin filaments and their subunit organization. Computational reconstitution of filaments of substantial length uncovered a high degree of internal heterogeneity along single filaments, which can contain regions of helical symmetry, regions with less symmetry and regions with significant diameter fluctuations. Cross-section views of filaments revealed that keratins form hollow cylinders consisting of multiple protofilaments, with an electron dense core located in the center of the filament. These findings shed light on the complex and remarkable heterogenic architecture of keratin filaments, suggesting that they are highly flexible, dynamic cytoskeletal structures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam S Weber
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Eibauer
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Suganya Sivagurunathan
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert D Goldman
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, United States
| | - Ohad Medalia
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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14
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Fujiwara S, Deguchi S, Magin TM. Disease-associated keratin mutations reduce traction forces and compromise adhesion and collective migration. J Cell Sci 2020; 133:jcs243956. [PMID: 32616561 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.243956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin intermediate filament (IF) proteins constitute the major cytoskeletal components in epithelial cells. Missense mutations in keratin 5 (K5; also known as KRT5) or keratin 14 (K14; also known as KRT14), highly expressed in the basal epidermis, cause the severe skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS). EBS-associated mutations disrupt keratin networks and change keratinocyte mechanics; however, molecular mechanisms by which mutations shape EBS pathology remain incompletely understood. Here, we demonstrate that, in contrast to keratin-deficient keratinocytes, cells expressing K14R125C, a mutation that causes severe EBS, generate lower traction forces, accompanied by immature focal adhesions with an altered cellular distribution. Furthermore, mutant keratinocytes display reduced directionality during collective migration. Notably, RhoA activity is downregulated in human EBS keratinocytes, and Rho activation rescues stiffness-dependent cell-extracellular matrix (ECM) adhesion formation of EBS keratinocytes. Collectively, our results strongly suggest that intact keratin IF networks regulate mechanotransduction through a Rho signaling pathway upstream of cell-ECM adhesion formation and organized cell migration. Our findings provide insights into the underlying pathophysiology of EBS.This article has an associated First Person interview with the first author of the paper.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sachiko Fujiwara
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Shinji Deguchi
- Division of Bioengineering, Graduate School of Engineering Science, Osaka University, Toyonaka 560-8531, Japan
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Leipzig, Leipzig 04103, Germany
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15
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Schneider LE, Protschka M, Müller U, Muhsen M, Magin TM, Anderegg U, Saalbach A, Büttner M, Alber G, Siegemund S. Orf virus infection of human keratinocytes and dermal fibroblasts: Limited virus detection and interference with intercellular adhesion molecule-1 up-regulation. Exp Dermatol 2020; 28:142-151. [PMID: 30554456 DOI: 10.1111/exd.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2018] [Revised: 11/06/2018] [Accepted: 12/09/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Orf virus (Parapoxvirus ovis, ORFV) is a dermatotropic virus causing pustular dermatitis in small ruminants and humans. We analysed isolated human primary keratinocytes (KC) and dermal fibroblasts (FB) for cell death and virus replication by infection with a patient-derived ORFV isolate. ORFV infection was associated with rapid induction of cell death in KC allowing for considerable virus removal. Upon infection with ORFV, KC and FB harboured intracytoplasmic ORFV and showed viral protein presence; however, missing virus spread indicated an abortive infection. Upon ORFV exposure, KC but not FB secreted the pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-6. ORFV infection enhanced the frequency of KC expressing intercellular adhesion molecule (ICAM)-1 which was independent of IL-6. Interestingly, ORFV inhibited ICAM-1 up-regulation on infected but not on non-infected KC. Even interferon-γ, a potent inducer of ICAM-1, up-regulated ICAM-1 only on non-infected KC. Transfer of ORFV-free supernatant from infected to non-infected KC induced ICAM-1 on non-infected KC pointing to the involvement of soluble mediator(s). Similarly as in KC, in FB interference with ICAM-1 up-regulation by ORFV infection was also observed. In conclusion, we shed light on epidermal and dermal defense mechanisms to ORFV infection and point to a novel ICAM-1-related immune evasion mechanism of ORFV in human skin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Schneider
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mahmod Muhsen
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ulf Anderegg
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anja Saalbach
- Department of Dermatology, Venerology, and Allergology, Medical Faculty, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany
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16
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Cogné B, Bouameur JE, Hayot G, Latypova X, Pattabiraman S, Caillaud A, Si-Tayeb K, Besnard T, Küry S, Chariau C, Gaignerie A, David L, Bordure P, Kaganovich D, Bézieau S, Golzio C, Magin TM, Isidor B. A dominant vimentin variant causes a rare syndrome with premature aging. Eur J Hum Genet 2020; 28:1218-1230. [PMID: 32066935 PMCID: PMC7609319 DOI: 10.1038/s41431-020-0583-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 01/14/2020] [Accepted: 01/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes are a group of rare genetic disorders, which mimic natural aging. Unraveling the molecular defects in such conditions could impact our understanding of age-related syndromes such as Alzheimer’s or cardiovascular diseases. Here we report a de novo heterozygous missense variant in the intermediate filament vimentin (c.1160 T > C; p.(Leu387Pro)) causing a multisystem disorder associated with frontonasal dysostosis and premature aging in a 39-year-old individual. Human vimentin p.(Leu387Pro) expression in zebrafish perturbed body fat distribution, and craniofacial and peripheral nervous system development. In addition, studies in patient-derived and transfected cells revealed that the variant affects vimentin turnover and its ability to form filaments in the absence of wild-type vimentin. Vimentin p.(Leu387Pro) expression diminished the amount of peripilin and reduced lipid accumulation in differentiating adipocytes, recapitulating key patient’s features in vivo and in vitro. Our data highlight the function of vimentin during development and suggest its contribution to natural aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Cogné
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gaëlle Hayot
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France.,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France.,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France.,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Xenia Latypova
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sundararaghavan Pattabiraman
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Walweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Amandine Caillaud
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Karim Si-Tayeb
- Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Thomas Besnard
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Sébastien Küry
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Caroline Chariau
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Anne Gaignerie
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Laurent David
- Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, CNRS, SFR Santé, FED 4203, Inserm UMS 016, CNRS UMS 3556, F-44000, Nantes, France.,Nantes Université, CHU Nantes, Inserm, Centre de Recherche en Transplantation et Immunologie, UMR 1064, ITUN, F-44000, Nantes, France
| | - Philippe Bordure
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service Oto-rhino-laryngologie, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France
| | - Daniel Kaganovich
- Department of Experimental Neurodegeneration, University Medical Center Göttingen, Walweg 33, 37073, Göttingen, Germany.,1 Base Pharmaceuticals, 9A Monument Square, #2A, Boston, MA, 02129, USA
| | - Stéphane Bézieau
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France.,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France
| | - Christelle Golzio
- Institut de Génétique et de Biologie Moléculaire et Cellulaire, Illkirch, France. .,Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, UMR7104, Illkirch, France. .,Institut National de la Santé et de la Recherche Médicale, U1258, Illkirch, France. .,Université de Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France.
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Philipp-Rosenthal-Strasse 55, 04103, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Bertrand Isidor
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Nantes, Service de Génétique Médicale, 9 quai Moncousu, 44093, Nantes, France. .,Université de Nantes, CNRS, INSERM, l'institut du thorax, 44000, Nantes, France.
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17
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Vetter A, Jahn K, Bouameur JE, Kiritsi D, Magin TM. Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex Keratinocytes Show Disturbed Mitochondrial Positioning and Activity. J Invest Dermatol 2020; 140:1438-1442.e5. [PMID: 31958432 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2019.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/25/2019] [Revised: 10/25/2019] [Accepted: 10/28/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Vetter
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kristin Jahn
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Faculty of Medicine, Medical Center- University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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18
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Rein S, Esplugas M, Garcia-Elias M, Magin TM, Randau TM, Siemers F, Philipps HM. Immunofluorescence analysis of sensory nerve endings in the interosseous membrane of the forearm. J Anat 2019; 236:906-915. [PMID: 31863467 DOI: 10.1111/joa.13138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2019] [Accepted: 11/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The human interosseous membrane (IOM) is a fundamental stabilizer during forearm rotation. To investigate the dynamic aspects of forearm stability, we analyzed sensory nerve endings in the IOM. The distal oblique bundle (DOB), the distal accessory band (DAB), the central band (CB), the proximal accessory band (PAB), the dorsal oblique accessory cord (DOAC) and the proximal oblique cord (POC) were dissected from 11 human cadaver forearms. Sensory nerve endings were analyzed at two levels per specimen as total cell amount/mm2 after immunofluorescence staining with low-affinity neurotrophin receptor p75, protein gene product 9.5, S-100 protein and 4',6-diamidino-2-phenylindole on an Apotome microscope, according to Freeman and Wyke's classification. Sensory nerve endings were significantly more commonly found to be equally distributed throughout the structures, rather than being epifascicular, interstitial, or close to the insertion into bone (P ≤ 0.001, respectively). Free nerve endings were the predominant mechanoreceptor in all six structures, with highest density in the DOB, followed by the POC (P ≤ 0.0001, respectively). The DOB had the highest density of Pacini corpuscles. The DOAC and CB had the lowest amounts of sensory innervation. The high density of sensory corpuscles in the DOB, PAB and POC indicate that proprioceptive control of the compressive and directional muscular forces acting on the distal and proximal radioulnar joints is monitored by the DOB, PAB and POC, respectively, due to their closed proximity to both joints, whereas the central parts of the IOM act as structures of passive restraint.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rein
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Hospital Sankt Georg, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | | | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Randau
- Department of Orthopaedic and Trauma Surgery, University Hospital Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | - Frank Siemers
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Trauma Center Bergmannstrost, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Hubertus M Philipps
- Department of Plastic and Hand Surgery, Burn Unit, Hospital Sankt Georg, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, Leipzig, Germany
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19
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Vetter A, Magin TM. Old mitochondria accumulate in pachyonychia congenita. Br J Dermatol 2019; 182:529-530. [PMID: 31571193 DOI: 10.1111/bjd.18465] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A Vetter
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
| | - T M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103, Leipzig, Germany
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20
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Scheffschick A, Kiritsi D, Magin TM. Keratin defects trigger the itch-inducing cytokine thymic stromal lymphopoietin through amphiregulin-epidermal growth factor receptor signaling. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2019; 144:1719-1722.e3. [PMID: 31425777 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2019.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2018] [Revised: 06/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center-University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Leipzig University, Leipzig, Germany.
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21
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Pfeifle I, Bohnekamp J, Volkhardt A, Kirsten H, Rohwedder A, Thum A, Magin TM, Kunz M. MEK inhibitor cobimetinib rescues a dRaf mutant lethal phenotype in Drosophila melanogaster. Exp Dermatol 2019; 28:1079-1082. [PMID: 31338879 DOI: 10.1111/exd.14010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2018] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 07/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Since Drosophila melanogaster has proven to be a useful model system to study phenotypes of oncogenic mutations and to identify new anti-cancer drugs, we generated human BRAFV600E homologous dRaf mutant (dRafA572E ) Drosophila melanogaster strains to use these for characterisation of mutant phenotypes and exploit these phenotypes for drug testing. For mutant gene expression, the GAL4/UAS expression system was used. dRafA572E was expressed tissue-specific in the eye, epidermis, heart, wings, secretory glands and in the whole animal. Expression of dRaf A572E under the control of an eye-specific driver led to semi-lethality and a rough eye phenotype. The vast majority of other tissue-specific and ubiquitous drivers led to a lethal phenotype only. The rough eye phenotype was used to test BRAF inhibitor vemurafenib and MEK1/2 inhibitor cobimetinib. There was no phenotype rescue by this treatment. However, a significant rescue of the lethal phenotype was observed under a gut-specific driver. Here, MEK1/2 inhibitor cobimetinib rescued Drosophila larvae to reach pupal stage in 37% of cases as compared to 1% in control experiments. Taken together, the BRAFV600E homolog dRaf A572E exerts mostly lethal effects in Drosophila. Gut-specific dRaf A572E expression might in future be developed further for drug testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Isabelle Pfeifle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Division of Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Anna Volkhardt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Holger Kirsten
- Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics and Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Astrid Rohwedder
- Division of Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Andreas Thum
- Division of Genetics, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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22
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Spörrer M, Prochnicki A, Tölle RC, Nyström A, Esser PR, Homberg M, Athanasiou I, Zingkou E, Schilling A, Gerum R, Thievessen I, Winter L, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Fabry B, Magin TM, Dengjel J, Schröder R, Kiritsi D. Treatment of keratinocytes with 4-phenylbutyrate in epidermolysis bullosa: Lessons for therapies in keratin disorders. EBioMedicine 2019; 44:502-515. [PMID: 31078522 PMCID: PMC6603805 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2019.04.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2018] [Revised: 04/30/2019] [Accepted: 04/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Missense mutations in keratin 5 and 14 genes cause the severe skin fragility disorder epidermolysis bullosa simplex (EBS) by collapsing of the keratin cytoskeleton into cytoplasmic protein aggregates. Despite intense efforts, no molecular therapies are available, mostly due to the complex phenotype of EBS, comprising cell fragility, diminished adhesion, skin inflammation and itch. Methods We extensively characterized KRT5 and KRT14 mutant keratinocytes from patients with severe generalized EBS following exposure to the chemical chaperone 4-phenylbutyrate (4-PBA). Findings 4-PBA diminished keratin aggregates within EBS cells and ameliorated their inflammatory phenotype. Chemoproteomics of 4-PBA-treated and untreated EBS cells revealed reduced IL1β expression- but also showed activation of Wnt/β-catenin and NF-kB pathways. The abundance of extracellular matrix and cytoskeletal proteins was significantly altered, coinciding with diminished keratinocyte adhesion and migration in a 4-PBA dose-dependent manner. Interpretation Together, our study reveals a complex interplay of benefits and disadvantages that challenge the use of 4-PBA in skin fragility disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marina Spörrer
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ania Prochnicki
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Regine C Tölle
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland
| | - Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Philipp R Esser
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Melanie Homberg
- Institute of Biology and SIKT, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Ioannis Athanasiou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Eleni Zingkou
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Achim Schilling
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany; Experimental Otolaryngology, ENT Hospital, Head and Neck Surgery, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Richard Gerum
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Ingo Thievessen
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Lilli Winter
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Ben Fabry
- Department of Physics, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and SIKT, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jörn Dengjel
- Department of Biology, University of Fribourg, Switzerland; Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Rolf Schröder
- Institute of Neuropathology, Friedrich-Alexander-University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Faculty of Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.
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23
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Muhsen M, Protschka M, Schneider LE, Müller U, Köhler G, Magin TM, Büttner M, Alber G, Siegemund S. Orf virus (ORFV) infection in a three-dimensional human skin model: Characteristic cellular alterations and interference with keratinocyte differentiation. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0210504. [PMID: 30699132 PMCID: PMC6353139 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0210504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
ORF virus (ORFV) is the causative agent of contagious ecthyma, a pustular dermatitis of small ruminants and humans. Even though the development of lesions caused by ORFV was extensively studied in animals, only limited knowledge exists about the lesion development in human skin. The aim of the present study was to evaluate a three-dimensional (3D) organotypic culture (OTC) as a human skin model for ORFV infection considering lesion development, replication of the virus, viral gene transcription and modulation of differentiation of human keratinocytes by ORFV. ORFV infection of OTC was performed using the ORFV isolate B029 derived from a human patient. The OTC sections showed a similar structure of stratified epidermal keratinocytes as human foreskin and a similar expression profile of the differentiation markers keratin 1 (K1), K10, and loricrin. Upon ORFV infection, OTCs exhibited histological cytopathic changes including hyperkeratosis and ballooning degeneration of the keratinocytes. ORFV persisted for 10 days and was located in keratinocytes of the outer epidermal layers. ORFV-specific early, intermediate and late genes were transcribed, but limited viral spread and restricted cell infection were noticed. ORFV infection resulted in downregulation of K1, K10, and loricrin at the transcriptional level without affecting proliferation as shown by PCNA or Ki-67 expression. In conclusion, OTC provides a suitable model to study the interaction of virus with human keratinocytes in a similar structural setting as human skin and reveals that ORFV infection downregulates several differentiation markers in the epidermis of the human skin, a hitherto unknown feature of dermal ORFV infection in man.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmod Muhsen
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Martina Protschka
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Laura E. Schneider
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Uwe Müller
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Thomas M. Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Mathias Büttner
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Gottfried Alber
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sabine Siegemund
- Institute of Immunology/Molecular Pathogenesis, Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Weingarten G, Ben Yaakov A, Dror E, Russ J, Magin TM, Kahn CR, Wertheimer E. Insulin receptor plays a central role in skin carcinogenesis by regulating cytoskeleton assembly. FASEB J 2018; 33:2241-2251. [PMID: 30332298 DOI: 10.1096/fj.201800847r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus prevalence is increasing rapidly and is a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. In addition to the known severe complications associated with the disease, in recent years diabetes has been recognized as a major risk factor for cancer. Patients with diabetes experience significantly higher incidence of and higher mortality rates from many types of cancer. However, to date there are no conclusive data on the pathophysiology underlying the association between these two diseases. We previously reported that insulin regulates skin proliferation and differentiation, while IGF1 had different sometimes contrasting effects to those of insulin, suggesting direct involvement of insulin in transformation. To this end, we developed an epidermal skin-specific insulin receptor knockout (SIRKO) mouse, in which the insulin receptor (IR) is inactivated only in skin, with no other metabolic consequences. We found that IR inactivation by itself resulted in a marked decrease in skin tumorigenesis. In the control group 100% of the mice developed tumors, but in the SIRKO group tumor incidence was over 60% lower, and 25% of the SIRKO mice did not develop tumors at all, and the tumors that did develop were smaller and benign in their appearance. Furthermore, IR inactivation in vitro not only prevented cell transformation but also reversed the keratinocyte-transformed phenotype. We found that IR inactivation led to a striking abnormality in the major keratin cytoskeleton filaments structure in both in vivo and in vitro, a change that we were able to link to the decreased transformation potential in IR-null cells. In summary, we identified a unique pathway in which IR regulates cytoskeletal assembly, thus affecting skin transformation, opening a new potential target for cancer treatment and prevention.-Weingarten, G., Ben Yaakov, A., Dror, E., Russ, J., Magin, T. M., Kahn, C. R., Wertheimer, E. Insulin receptor plays a central role in skin carcinogenesis by regulating cytoskeleton assembly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Galina Weingarten
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Aya Ben Yaakov
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Erez Dror
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Jenny Russ
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Sächsischer Inkubator für Klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany; and
| | - C Ronald Kahn
- Joslin Diabetes Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Efrat Wertheimer
- Department of Pathology, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
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Zarkoob H, Chinnathambi S, Halberg SA, Selby JC, Magin TM, Sander EA. Mouse Keratinocytes Without Keratin Intermediate Filaments Demonstrate Substrate Stiffness Dependent Behaviors. Cell Mol Bioeng 2018; 11:163-174. [PMID: 31719883 PMCID: PMC6816603 DOI: 10.1007/s12195-018-0526-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2017] [Accepted: 04/26/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Traditionally thought to serve active vs. passive mechanical functions, respectively, a growing body of evidence suggests that actin microfilament and keratin intermediate filament (IF) networks, together with their associated cell-cell and cell-matrix anchoring junctions, may have a large degree of functional interdependence. Therefore, we hypothesized that the loss of keratin IFs in a knockout mouse keratinocyte model would affect the kinematics of colony formation, i.e., the spatiotemporal process by which individual cells join to form colonies and eventually a nascent epithelial sheet. METHODS Time-lapse imaging and deformation tracking microscopy was used to observe colony formation for both wild type (WT) and keratin-deficient knockout (KO) mouse keratinocytes over 24 h. Cells were cultured under high calcium conditions on collagen-coated substrates with nominal stiffnesses of ~ 1.2 kPa (soft) and 24 kPa (stiff). Immunofluorescent staining of actin and selected adhesion proteins was also performed. RESULTS The absence of keratin IFs markedly affected cell morphology, spread area, and cytoskeleton and adhesion protein organization on both soft and stiff substrates. Strikingly, an absence of keratin IFs also significantly reduced the ability of mouse keratinocytes to mechanically deform the soft substrate. Furthermore, KO cells formed colonies more efficiently on stiff vs. soft substrates, a behavior opposite to that observed for WT keratinocytes. CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data are strongly supportive of the idea that an interdependence between actin microfilaments and keratin IFs does exist, while further suggesting that keratin IFs may represent an important and under-recognized component of keratinocyte mechanosensation and the force generation apparatus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hoda Zarkoob
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Sathivel Chinnathambi
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Spencer A. Halberg
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - John C. Selby
- Department of Dermatology, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA USA
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology and SIKT, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - E. A. Sander
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Iowa, 5629 Seamans Center, Iowa City, IA USA
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Vielmuth F, Walter E, Fuchs M, Radeva MY, Buechau F, Magin TM, Spindler V, Waschke J. Keratins Regulate p38MAPK-Dependent Desmoglein Binding Properties in Pemphigus. Front Immunol 2018; 9:528. [PMID: 29616033 PMCID: PMC5868517 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00528] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratins are crucial for the anchorage of desmosomes. Severe alterations of keratin organization and detachment of filaments from the desmosomal plaque occur in the autoimmune dermatoses pemphigus vulgaris and pemphigus foliaceus (PF), which are mainly caused by autoantibodies against desmoglein (Dsg) 1 and 3. Keratin alterations are a structural hallmark in pemphigus pathogenesis and correlate with loss of intercellular adhesion. However, the significance for autoantibody-induced loss of intercellular adhesion is largely unknown. In wild-type (wt) murine keratinocytes, pemphigus autoantibodies induced keratin filament retraction. Under the same conditions, we used murine keratinocytes lacking all keratin filaments (KtyII k.o.) as a model system to dissect the role of keratins in pemphigus. KtyII k.o. cells show compromised intercellular adhesion without antibody (Ab) treatment, which was not impaired further by pathogenic pemphigus autoantibodies. Nevertheless, direct activation of p38MAPK via anisomycin further decreased intercellular adhesion indicating that cell cohesion was not completely abrogated in the absence of keratins. Direct inhibition of Dsg3, but not of Dsg1, interaction via pathogenic autoantibodies as revealed by atomic force microscopy was detectable in both cell lines demonstrating that keratins are not required for this phenomenon. However, PF-IgG shifted Dsg1-binding events from cell borders toward the free cell surface in wt cells. This led to a distribution pattern of Dsg1-binding events similar to KtyII k.o. cells under resting conditions. In keratin-deficient keratinocytes, PF-IgG impaired Dsg1-binding strength, which was not different from wt cells under resting conditions. In addition, pathogenic autoantibodies were capable of activating p38MAPK in both KtyII wt and k.o. cells, the latter of which already displayed robust p38MAPK activation under resting conditions. Since inhibition of p38MAPK blocked autoantibody-induced loss of intercellular adhesion in wt cells and restored baseline cell cohesion in keratin-deficient cells, we conclude that p38MAPK signaling is (i) critical for regulation of cell adhesion, (ii) regulated by keratins, and (iii) targets both keratin-dependent and -independent mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Walter
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Michael Fuchs
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Buechau
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Sächsische Inkubator für Klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, Institute of Biology, Sächsische Inkubator für Klinische Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Volker Spindler
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Anatomy, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Munich, Germany
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Volkhardt A, Bohnekamp J, Pfeifle I, Engel C, Magin TM, Kunz M. Mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway inhibitors rescue lethal phenotypes in a BRAF gain-of-function Drosophila melanogaster model. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2017; 31:545-548. [PMID: 29288529 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Volkhardt
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.,Institute of Biology, Division of Genetics, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Isabelle Pfeifle
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Christoph Engel
- Institute for Medical Informatics, Statistics and Epidemiology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Manfred Kunz
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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28
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Sawant M, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Magin TM, Krieger J, Mücke N, Obara B, Jankowski V, Jankowski J, Wally V, Lettner T, Leube RE. Threonine 150 Phosphorylation of Keratin 5 Is Linked to Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex and Regulates Filament Assembly and Cell Viability. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:627-636. [PMID: 29080682 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2017] [Revised: 09/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
A characteristic feature of the skin blistering disease epidermolysis bullosa simplex is keratin filament (KF) network collapse caused by aggregation of the basal epidermal keratin type II (KtyII) K5 and its type I partner keratin 14 (K14). Here, we examine the role of keratin phosphorylation in KF network rearrangement and cellular functions. We detect phosphorylation of the K5 head domain residue T150 in cytoplasmic epidermolysis bullosa simplex granules containing R125C K14 mutants. Expression of phosphomimetic T150D K5 mutants results in impaired KF formation in keratinocytes. The phenotype is enhanced upon combination with other phosphomimetic K5 head domain mutations. Remarkably, introduction of T150D K5 mutants into KtyII-lacking (KtyII-/-) keratinocytes prevents keratin network formation altogether. In contrast, phosphorylation-deficient T150A K5 leads to KFs with reduced branching and turnover. Assembly of T150D K5 is arrested at the heterotetramer stage coinciding with increased heat shock protein association. Finally, reduced cell viability and elevated response to stressors is noted in T150 mutant cells. Taken together, our findings identify T150 K5 phosphorylation as an important determinant of KF network formation and function with a possible role in epidermolysis bullosa simplex pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mugdha Sawant
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jan Krieger
- Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Norbert Mücke
- Biophysics of Macromolecules, German Cancer Research Center, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Boguslaw Obara
- School of Engineering and Computing Sciences, Durham University, Durham, UK
| | - Vera Jankowski
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Joachim Jankowski
- Institut für Molekulare Herz-Kreislaufforschung, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany; School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Maastricht University, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Verena Wally
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Thomas Lettner
- EB House Austria, Research Program for Molecular Therapy of Genodermatoses, Department of Dermatology, University Hospital Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany.
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29
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Vielmuth F, Wanuske MT, Radeva MY, Hiermaier M, Kugelmann D, Walter E, Buechau F, Magin TM, Waschke J, Spindler V. Keratins Regulate the Adhesive Properties of Desmosomal Cadherins through Signaling. J Invest Dermatol 2017; 138:121-131. [PMID: 28899688 DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2017.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 07/10/2017] [Accepted: 08/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Tightly controlled intercellular adhesion is crucial for the integrity and function of the epidermis. The keratin filament cytoskeleton anchors desmosomes, supramolecular complexes required for strong intercellular adhesion. We tested whether keratin filaments control cell adhesion by regulating the adhesive properties of desmosomal cadherins such as desmoglein (Dsg) 3. Atomic force microscopy and fluorescence recovery after photobleaching experiments showed reduced Dsg3 adhesive forces and membrane stability in murine keratinocytes lacking all keratin filaments. Impairment of the actin cytoskeleton also resulted in decreased Dsg3 immobilization but did not affect Dsg3 binding properties, indicating that the latter are exclusively controlled by keratins. Reduced binding forces were dependent on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase activity, which was deregulated in keratin-deficient cells. In contrast, inhibition of protein kinase C signaling, which is known to be controlled by keratins, promoted and spatially stabilized Dsg3-mediated interactions in the membrane. These results show a previously unreported mechanism for how keratins stabilize intercellular adhesion on the level of single desmosomal adhesion molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Franziska Vielmuth
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Marie-Therès Wanuske
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Mariya Y Radeva
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Matthias Hiermaier
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Daniela Kugelmann
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Elias Walter
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Fanny Buechau
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, Sächsischer Inkubator für klinische Translation, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jens Waschke
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
| | - Volker Spindler
- Institute of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Munich, Germany.
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Abstract
Adherens junctions (AJs) and desmosomes connect the actin and keratin filament networks of adjacent cells into a mechanical unit. Whereas AJs function in mechanosensing and in transducing mechanical forces between the plasma membrane and the actomyosin cytoskeleton, desmosomes and intermediate filaments (IFs) provide mechanical stability required to maintain tissue architecture and integrity when the tissues are exposed to mechanical stress. Desmosomes are essential for stable intercellular cohesion, whereas keratins determine cell mechanics but are not involved in generating tension. Here, we summarize the current knowledge of the role of IFs and desmosomes in tissue mechanics and discuss whether the desmosome-keratin scaffold might be actively involved in mechanosensing and in the conversion of chemical signals into mechanical strength.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mechthild Hatzfeld
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - René Keil
- Institute of Molecular Medicine, Division of Pathobiochemistry, Martin-Luther-University Halle-Wittenberg, 06114 Halle, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology and Saxonian Incubator for Clinical Translation (SIKT), University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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31
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Fischer M, Uxa S, Stanko C, Magin TM, Engeland K. Human papilloma virus E7 oncoprotein abrogates the p53-p21-DREAM pathway. Sci Rep 2017; 7:2603. [PMID: 28572607 PMCID: PMC5453983 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-02831-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
High risk human papilloma viruses cause several types of cancer. The HPV oncoproteins E6 and E7 are essential for oncogenic cell transformation. E6 mediates the degradation of the tumor suppressor p53, and E7 can form complexes with the retinoblastoma pRB tumor suppressor. Recently, it has been shown that HPV E7 can also interfere with the function of the DREAM transcriptional repressor complex. Disruption of DREAM-dependent transcriptional repression leads to untimely early expression of central cell cycle regulators. The p53-p21-DREAM pathway represents one important means of cell cycle checkpoint activation by p53. By activating this pathway, p53 can downregulate transcription of genes controlled by DREAM. Here, we present a genome-wide ranked list of genes deregulated by HPV E7 expression and relate it to datasets of cell cycle genes and DREAM targets. We find that DREAM targets are generally deregulated after E7 expression. Furthermore, our analysis shows that p53-dependent downregulation of DREAM targets is abrogated when HPV E7 is expressed. Thus, p53 checkpoint control is impaired by HPV E7 independently of E6. In summary, our analysis reveals that disruption of DREAM through the HPV E7 oncoprotein upregulates most, if not all, cell cycle genes and impairs p53's control of cell cycle checkpoints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Fischer
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Sigrid Uxa
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Clara Stanko
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Kurt Engeland
- Molecular Oncology, Medical School, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
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32
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Kumar V, Behr M, Kiritsi D, Scheffschick A, Grahnert A, Homberg M, Schwieger-Briel A, Jakob T, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Magin TM. Keratin-dependent thymic stromal lymphopoietin expression suggests a link between skin blistering and atopic disease. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2016; 138:1461-1464.e6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2016.04.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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33
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Rietscher K, Wolf A, Hause G, Rother A, Keil R, Magin TM, Glass M, Niessen CM, Hatzfeld M. Growth Retardation, Loss of Desmosomal Adhesion, and Impaired Tight Junction Function Identify a Unique Role of Plakophilin 1 In Vivo. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:1471-1478. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2016.03.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Revised: 03/07/2016] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
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Wallrath LL, Bohnekamp J, Magin TM. Cross talk between the cytoplasm and nucleus during development and disease. Curr Opin Genet Dev 2016; 37:129-136. [PMID: 27110666 DOI: 10.1016/j.gde.2016.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2015] [Revised: 03/09/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Mechanotransduction is a process whereby mechanical stimuli outside the cell are sensed by components of the plasma membrane and transmitted as signals through the cytoplasm that terminate in the nucleus. The nucleus responds to these signals by altering gene expression. During mechanotransduction, complex networks of proteins are responsible for cross talk between the cytoplasm and the nucleus. These proteins include cell membrane receptors, cytoplasmic filaments, LINC complex members that bridge the nucleus and cytoplasm, and nuclear envelope proteins that connect to the chromatin. Mechanotransduction also plays a critical role in development. Furthermore, it is possible that disrupted mechanotransduction leads to changes in gene expression that underlie the pathogenic mechanisms of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
| | - Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany
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35
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Kumar V, Bouameur JE, Bär J, Rice RH, Hornig-Do HT, Roop DR, Schwarz N, Brodesser S, Thiering S, Leube RE, Wiesner RJ, Vijayaraj P, Brazel CB, Heller S, Binder H, Löffler-Wirth H, Seibel P, Magin TM. A keratin scaffold regulates epidermal barrier formation, mitochondrial lipid composition, and activity. J Cell Biol 2016; 211:1057-75. [PMID: 26644517 PMCID: PMC4674273 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201404147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Epidermal keratin filaments are important components and organizers of the cornified envelope and regulate mitochondrial metabolism by modulating their membrane composition. Keratin intermediate filaments (KIFs) protect the epidermis against mechanical force, support strong adhesion, help barrier formation, and regulate growth. The mechanisms by which type I and II keratins contribute to these functions remain incompletely understood. Here, we report that mice lacking all type I or type II keratins display severe barrier defects and fragile skin, leading to perinatal mortality with full penetrance. Comparative proteomics of cornified envelopes (CEs) from prenatal KtyI−/− and KtyII−/−K8 mice demonstrates that absence of KIF causes dysregulation of many CE constituents, including downregulation of desmoglein 1. Despite persistence of loricrin expression and upregulation of many Nrf2 targets, including CE components Sprr2d and Sprr2h, extensive barrier defects persist, identifying keratins as essential CE scaffolds. Furthermore, we show that KIFs control mitochondrial lipid composition and activity in a cell-intrinsic manner. Therefore, our study explains the complexity of keratinopathies accompanied by barrier disorders by linking keratin scaffolds to mitochondria, adhesion, and CE formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinod Kumar
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Janina Bär
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Robert H Rice
- Department of Environmental Toxicology, University of California, Davis, Davis, CA 95616
| | - Hue-Tran Hornig-Do
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Dennis R Roop
- Department of Dermatology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045 Charles C. Gates Center for Regenerative Medicine and Stem Cell Biology, University of Colorado, Denver, CO 80045
| | - Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Susanne Brodesser
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Sören Thiering
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, Rheinisch-Westfälische Technische Hochschule Aachen University, 52074 Aachen, Germany
| | - Rudolf J Wiesner
- Center for Physiology and Pathophysiology, Institute for Vegetative Physiology, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases, Medical Faculty, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Christina B Brazel
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sandra Heller
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Hans Binder
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Henry Löffler-Wirth
- Interdisciplinary Centre for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, 04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter Seibel
- Center for Biotechnology and Biomedicine, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany Institute of Biology, Division of Cell and Developmental Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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Kumar V, Bouameur JE, Bär J, Rice RH, Hornig-Do HT, Roop DR, Schwarz N, Brodesser S, Thiering S, Leube RE, Wiesner RJ, Vijayaraj P, Brazel CB, Heller S, Binder H, Löffler-Wirth H, Seibel P, Magin TM. Correction: A keratin scaffold regulates epidermal barrier formation, mitochondrial lipid composition, and activity. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016; 212:877. [PMID: 27002167 PMCID: PMC4810296 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.20140414703042016c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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Hering L, Bouameur JE, Reichelt J, Magin TM, Mayer G. Novel origin of lamin-derived cytoplasmic intermediate filaments in tardigrades. eLife 2016; 5:e11117. [PMID: 26840051 PMCID: PMC4829535 DOI: 10.7554/elife.11117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Intermediate filament (IF) proteins, including nuclear lamins and cytoplasmic IF proteins, are essential cytoskeletal components of bilaterian cells. Despite their important role in protecting tissues against mechanical force, no cytoplasmic IF proteins have been convincingly identified in arthropods. Here we show that the ancestral cytoplasmic IF protein gene was lost in the entire panarthropod (onychophoran + tardigrade + arthropod) rather than arthropod lineage and that nuclear, lamin-derived proteins instead acquired new cytoplasmic roles at least three times independently in collembolans, copepods, and tardigrades. Transcriptomic and genomic data revealed three IF protein genes in the tardigrade Hypsibius dujardini, one of which (cytotardin) occurs exclusively in the cytoplasm of epidermal and foregut epithelia, where it forms belt-like filaments around each epithelial cell. These results suggest that a lamin derivative has been co-opted to enhance tissue stability in tardigrades, a function otherwise served by cytoplasmic IF proteins in all other bilaterians. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11117.001 Different proteins exist to support the stability of animal cells. The intermediate filament proteins are an important example. One type – called lamins – stabilizes the nucleus (the structure within an animal cell that stores most of its DNA), while another forms scaffold-like structures in the rest of cell. The second type, referred to as “cytoplasmic” intermediate filaments, are not found in many hard-bodied creatures including insects and their closest relatives. This is probably because these animals, which are collectively known as arthropods, are instead supported by their tough external skeleton. The soft-bodied animals called tardigrades (also known as water bears or moss piglets) are closely related to the arthropods. These microscopic animals can endure extreme environmental conditions such as freezing. The tardigrade’s endurance is likely to require some way to stabilize the animal’s cells. This might involve cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, but nothing was known about these proteins in tardigrades. Now, Hering, Bouameur, Reichelt et al. have investigated if, and where, intermediate filaments are found in the cells of tardigrades. First, the complete set of active genes was analyzed for a species of tardigrade called Hypsibius dujardini; this revealed that three genes for intermediate filament proteins were active. Staining tissue slices or whole tardigrades with a marker that binds to intermediate filament proteins revealed that two of the three proteins were lamins and located within the nucleus. The third protein, which has been named "cytotardin", was found outside of the nucleus. However, unlike well-known cytoplasmic intermediate filaments, this protein did not form scaffold-like structures throughout the cell. Instead, cytotardin formed belt-like filaments that encircled each cell in the skin of the tardigrades. Hering, Bouameur, Reichelt et al. then discovered that cytotardin seems to be more closely related to lamins than it is to cytoplasmic intermediate filaments. This suggests that cytotardin actually evolved from a tardigrade lamin and then acquired a new role in building filaments outside of the nucleus. The fact that cytotardin is only found in the skin of the tardigrade and in those tissues that experience mechanical stress (for example, the mouth and legs) hints that it might help stabilize these cells. This could mean that the protein also helps these animals to resist extreme conditions. Further studies should focus on clarifying cytotardin’s role in stabilizing cells, in particular if it is required for the tardigrades' tolerance to environmental stress. DOI:http://dx.doi.org/10.7554/eLife.11117.002
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Affiliation(s)
- Lars Hering
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Animal Evolution and Development, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Jamal-Eddine Bouameur
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Julian Reichelt
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Georg Mayer
- Department of Zoology, Institute of Biology, University of Kassel, Kassel, Germany.,Animal Evolution and Development, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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38
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Loschke F, Homberg M, Magin TM. Keratin Isotypes Control Desmosome Stability and Dynamics through PKCα. J Invest Dermatol 2016; 136:202-13. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2015] [Revised: 09/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/11/2015] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
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Bohnekamp J, Magin TM. Small molecule targeting of a myosin partner restores an intact keratin cytoskeleton despite presence of a dominant keratin mutation. Hepatology 2015; 62:1667-9. [PMID: 26387879 DOI: 10.1002/hep.28126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Abstract
Drosophila melanogaster is a useful organism for determining protein function and modeling human disease. Drosophila offers a rapid generation time and an abundance of genomic resources and genetic tools. Conservation in protein structure, signaling pathways, and developmental processes make studies performed in Drosophila relevant to other species, including humans. Drosophila models have been generated for neurodegenerative diseases, muscular dystrophy, cancer, and many other disorders. Recently, intermediate filament protein diseases have been modeled in Drosophila. These models have revealed novel mechanisms of pathology, illuminated potential new routes of therapy, and make whole organism compound screens feasible. The goal of this chapter is to outline steps to study intermediate filament function and model intermediate filament-associated diseases in Drosophila. The steps are general and can be applied to study the function of almost any protein. The protocols outlined here are for both the novice and experienced Drosophila researcher, allowing the rich developmental and cell biology that Drosophila offers to be applied to studies of intermediate filaments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Bohnekamp
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Diane E Cryderman
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Dylan A Thiemann
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany.
| | - Lori L Wallrath
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA.
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Homberg M, Ramms L, Schwarz N, Dreissen G, Leube RE, Merkel R, Hoffmann B, Magin TM. Distinct Impact of Two Keratin Mutations Causing Epidermolysis Bullosa Simplex on Keratinocyte Adhesion and Stiffness. J Invest Dermatol 2015; 135:2437-2445. [DOI: 10.1038/jid.2015.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Kant S, Holthöfer B, Magin TM, Krusche CA, Leube RE. Desmoglein 2-Dependent Arrhythmogenic Cardiomyopathy Is Caused by a Loss of Adhesive Function. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015; 8:553-63. [PMID: 26085008 DOI: 10.1161/circgenetics.114.000974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2014] [Accepted: 06/09/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The desmosomal cadherin desmoglein 2 (Dsg2) localizes to the intercalated disc coupling adjacent cardiomyocytes. Desmoglein 2 gene (DSG2) mutations cause arrhythmogenic cardiomyopathy (AC) in human and transgenic mice. AC is characterized by arrhythmia, cardiodilation, cardiomyocyte necrosis with replacement fibrosis, interstitial fibrosis, and intercalated disc dissociation. The genetic DSG2 constellations encountered are compatible with loss of adhesion and altered signaling. To further elucidate pathomechanisms, we examined whether heart-specific Dsg2 depletion triggers cardiomyopathy. METHODS AND RESULTS Because DSG2 knockouts die during early embryogenesis, mice were prepared with cardiomyocyte-specific DSG2 ablation. Healthy transgenic animals were born with a functional heart presenting intercalated discs with incorporated desmosomal proteins. Dsg2 protein expression was reduced below 3% in the heart. All animals developed AC during postnatal growth with pronounced chamber dilation, calcifying cardiomyocyte necrosis, aseptic inflammation, interstitial and focal replacement fibrosis, and conduction defects with altered connexin 43 distribution. Electron microscopy revealed absence of desmosome-like structures and regional loss of intercalated disc adhesion. Mice carrying 2 mutant DSG2 alleles coding for Dsg2 lacking part of the adhesive EC1-EC2 domains present an indistinguishable phenotype, which is similar to that observed in human AC patients. CONCLUSIONS The observations show that the presence of Dsg2 is not essential for late heart morphogenesis and for cardiac contractility to support postnatal life. On increasing mechanical demands, heart function is severely compromised as evidenced by the onset of cardiomyopathy with pronounced morphological alterations. We propose that loss of Dsg2 compromises adhesion, and that this is a major pathogenic mechanism in DSG2-related and probably other desmosome-related ACs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kant
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.K., B.H., C.A.K., R.E.L.); and Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.M.M.)
| | - Bastian Holthöfer
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.K., B.H., C.A.K., R.E.L.); and Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.M.M.)
| | - Thomas M Magin
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.K., B.H., C.A.K., R.E.L.); and Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.M.M.)
| | - Claudia A Krusche
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.K., B.H., C.A.K., R.E.L.); and Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.M.M.)
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- From the Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany (S.K., B.H., C.A.K., R.E.L.); and Institute of Biology and Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany (T.M.M.).
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43
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Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Magin TM, Leube RE. Dissection of keratin network formation, turnover and reorganization in living murine embryos. Sci Rep 2015; 5:9007. [PMID: 25759143 PMCID: PMC4355630 DOI: 10.1038/srep09007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial functions are fundamentally determined by cytoskeletal keratin network organization. However, our understanding of keratin network plasticity is only based on analyses of cultured cells overexpressing fluorescently tagged keratins. In order to learn how keratin network organization is affected by various signals in functional epithelial tissues in vivo, we generated a knock-in mouse that produces fluorescence-tagged keratin 8. Homozygous keratin 8-YFP knock-in mice develop normally and show the expected expression of the fluorescent keratin network both in fixed and in vital tissues. In developing embryos, we observe for the first time de novo keratin network biogenesis in close proximity to desmosomal adhesion sites, keratin turnover in interphase cells and keratin rearrangements in dividing cells at subcellular resolution during formation of the first epithelial tissue. This mouse model will help to further dissect keratin network dynamics in its native tissue context during physiological and also pathological events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Schwarz
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Reinhard Windoffer
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Translational Center for Regenerative Medicine and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Rudolf E Leube
- Institute of Molecular and Cellular Anatomy, RWTH Aachen University, Aachen, Germany
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Rogon C, Ulbricht A, Hesse M, Alberti S, Vijayaraj P, Best D, Adams IR, Magin TM, Fleischmann BK, Höhfeld J. HSP70-binding protein HSPBP1 regulates chaperone expression at a posttranslational level and is essential for spermatogenesis. Mol Biol Cell 2014; 25:2260-71. [PMID: 24899640 PMCID: PMC4116300 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.e14-02-0742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2014] [Revised: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 05/23/2014] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Molecular chaperones play key roles during growth, development, and stress survival. The ability to induce chaperone expression enables cells to cope with the accumulation of nonnative proteins under stress and complete developmental processes with an increased requirement for chaperone assistance. Here we generate and analyze transgenic mice that lack the cochaperone HSPBP1, a nucleotide-exchange factor of HSP70 proteins and inhibitor of chaperone-assisted protein degradation. Male HSPBP1(-/-) mice are sterile because of impaired meiosis and massive apoptosis of spermatocytes. HSPBP1 deficiency in testes strongly reduces the expression of the inducible, antiapoptotic HSP70 family members HSPA1L and HSPA2, the latter of which is essential for synaptonemal complex disassembly during meiosis. We demonstrate that HSPBP1 affects chaperone expression at a posttranslational level by inhibiting the ubiquitylation and proteasomal degradation of inducible HSP70 proteins. We further provide evidence that the cochaperone BAG2 contributes to HSP70 stabilization in tissues other than testes. Our findings reveal that chaperone expression is determined not only by regulated transcription, but also by controlled degradation, with degradation-inhibiting cochaperones exerting essential prosurvival functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Rogon
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Anna Ulbricht
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Hesse
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life and Brain Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Simon Alberti
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
| | - Preethi Vijayaraj
- Abteilung für Zellbiochemie, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Diana Best
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Ian R Adams
- MRC Human Genetics Unit, MRC Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, University of Edinburgh, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh EH4 2XU, United Kingdom
| | - Thomas M Magin
- Abteilung für Zellbiochemie, Institut für Biochemie und Molekularbiologie, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Bernd K Fleischmann
- Institut für Physiologie I, Life and Brain Centre, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53105 Bonn, Germany
| | - Jörg Höhfeld
- Institut für Zellbiologie and Bonner Forum Biomedizin, Rheinische Friedrich-Wilhelms-Universität Bonn, D-53121 Bonn, Germany
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Schönherr M, Bhattacharya A, Kottek T, Szymczak S, Köberle M, Wickenhauser C, Siebolts U, Saalbach A, Koczan D, Magin TM, Simon JC, Kunz M. Genomewide RNAi screen identifies protein kinase Cb and new members of mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway as regulators of melanoma cell growth and metastasis. Pigment Cell Melanoma Res 2014; 27:418-30. [PMID: 24406113 DOI: 10.1111/pcmr.12216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2013] [Accepted: 01/07/2014] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
A large-scale RNAi screen was performed for eight different melanoma cell lines using a pooled whole-genome lentiviral shRNA library. shRNAs affecting proliferation of transduced melanoma cells were negatively selected during 10 days of culture. Overall, 617 shRNAs were identified by microarray hybridization. Pathway analyses identified mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway members such as ERK1/2, JNK1/2 and MAP3K7 and protein kinase C β (PKCβ) as candidate genes. Knockdown of PKCβ most consistently reduced cellular proliferation, colony formation and migratory capacity of melanoma cells and was selected for further validation. PKCβ showed enhanced expression in human primary melanomas and distant metastases as compared with benign melanocytic nevi. Moreover, treatment of melanoma cells with PKCβ-specific inhibitor enzastaurin reduced melanoma cell growth but had only small effects on benign fibroblasts. Finally, PKCβ-shRNA significantly reduced lung colonization capacity of stably transduced melanoma cells in mice. Taken together, this study identified new candidate genes for melanoma cell growth and proliferation. PKCβ seems to play an important role in these processes and might serve as a new target for the treatment of metastatic melanoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeleine Schönherr
- Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Allergology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Mehta AK, Bettermann K, Lederer EM, Ernst C, Kessler SM, Kojima K, Chen X, Hoshida Y, Fuchs BC, Svendova V, Schimek MG, Mach M, Speicher MR, Stojakovic T, Magin TM, Strnad P, Trauner M, Kiemer AK, Thorgeirsson SS, Karin M, Llovet JM, Zatloukal K, Denk H, Lackner C, Haybaeck J. Abstract A38: Steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence of a keratin-based disease. Mol Cancer Ther 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.targ-13-a38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Steatohepatitis (SH) and SH-associated hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) are of considerable clinical significance. SH is morphologically characterized by steatosis, hepatocyte ballooning and cytoplasmic protein aggregates termed Mallory-Denk bodies (MDBs). MDBs are generally composed of misfolded keratin (K) 8, 18 and in part p62 and ubiquitin. It is well established that K aggregates are critical for MDB formation, thus Ks are associated with SH which is one of the main preconditions for the development of liver cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).
Aims: In this study we aimed to clarify the cellular and molecular mechanisms of relative K8 excess over K18 on hepatocarcinogenesis in mice and its functional and clinical implication in human alcoholic and non-alcoholic SH (ASH/NASH)-induced liver cancer.
Methods: 18 month-old krt18-deficient (krt18-/-129P2/OlaHsd background) mice were investigated for the incidence of SH and SH-induced liver tumors by radiology, macroscopy, histology, immunohistochemistry, gene expression, lipidome analysis, and immunoblotting.
Results: Aged krt18-/- mice developed the entire morphological spectrum of SH whereas aged wild-type (wt) mice showed simple steatosis. Aminotransaminase levels were also elevated in aged krt18-/- mice. Interestingly, 64% of male and 25% of female 18 month-old krt18-/- mice developed liver tumors revealing morphological and genetic features of HCC whereas 45% of male and 16% of female krt18+/- mice and 42% of wt mice developed HCC.
Conclusion: Aged krt18-/- mice represent a novel spontaneous SH and SH associated HCC model with significant gender differences revealing features related to human HCC. Therefore, variations of hepatocellular K18 seem to have an effect on the susceptibility regarding SH and SH-induced HCC.
Citation Information: Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):A38.
Citation Format: Anita Kuldeep Mehta, Kira Bettermann, Eva M. Lederer, Christina Ernst, Sonja M. Kessler, Kensuke Kojima, Xintong Chen, Yujin Hoshida, Bryan C. Fuchs, Vendula Svendova, Michael G. Schimek, Monika Mach, Michael R. Speicher, Tatjana Stojakovic, Thomas M. Magin, Pavel Strnad, Michael Trauner, Alexandra K. Kiemer, Snorri S. Thorgeirsson, Michael Karin, Josep M. Llovet, Kurt Zatloukal, Helmut Denk, Carolin Lackner, Johannes Haybaeck. Steatohepatitis-associated hepatocellular carcinoma: Evidence of a keratin-based disease. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR-NCI-EORTC International Conference: Molecular Targets and Cancer Therapeutics; 2013 Oct 19-23; Boston, MA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Mol Cancer Ther 2013;12(11 Suppl):Abstract nr A38.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kira Bettermann
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Eva M. Lederer
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Christina Ernst
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Sonja M. Kessler
- 2Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, Saarbruecken, Germany
| | - Kensuke Kojima
- 3Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Xintong Chen
- 3Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Yujin Hoshida
- 3Tisch Cancer Institute, Icahn School of Medicine, Mount Sinai, NY
| | - Bryan C. Fuchs
- 4Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA
| | - Vendula Svendova
- 5Institute for Medical Informatics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Michael G. Schimek
- 5Institute for Medical Informatics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Monika Mach
- 6Institute of Human Genetics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | | | - Tatjana Stojakovic
- 7Clinical Institute of Medical and Chemical Laboratory Diagnostics, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- 8Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine Leipzig, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - Pavel Strnad
- 9Department of Internal Medicine III, University Hospital RWTH, Aachen, Germany
| | - Michael Trauner
- 10Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Medical University Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Snorri S. Thorgeirsson
- 11Center for Cancer Research NCI, NIH, Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis, Bethesda, MD
| | - Michael Karin
- 12Department of Pharmacology, Laboratory of Gene Regulation and Signal Transduction, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA
| | - Josep M. Llovet
- 13Institució Catalana de Recerca i Estudis Avançats (ICREA), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Kurt Zatloukal
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Helmut Denk
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Carolin Lackner
- 1Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
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Kröger C, Loschke F, Schwarz N, Windoffer R, Leube RE, Magin TM. Keratins control intercellular adhesion involving PKC-α-mediated desmoplakin phosphorylation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 201:681-92. [PMID: 23690176 PMCID: PMC3664716 DOI: 10.1083/jcb.201208162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 126] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Keratins limit PKC-α phosphorylation activity and desmosome turnover to ensure the stability of epithelial intracellular adhesion. Maintenance of epithelial cell adhesion is crucial for epidermal morphogenesis and homeostasis and relies predominantly on the interaction of keratins with desmosomes. Although the importance of desmosomes to epidermal coherence and keratin organization is well established, the significance of keratins in desmosome organization has not been fully resolved. Here, we report that keratinocytes lacking all keratins show elevated, PKC-α–mediated desmoplakin phosphorylation and subsequent destabilization of desmosomes. We find that PKC-α activity is regulated by Rack1–keratin interaction. Without keratins, desmosomes assemble but are endocytosed at accelerated rates, rendering epithelial sheets highly susceptible to mechanical stress. Re-expression of the keratin pair K5/14, inhibition of PKC-α activity, or blocking of endocytosis reconstituted both desmosome localization at the plasma membrane and epithelial adhesion. Our findings identify a hitherto unknown mechanism by which keratins control intercellular adhesion, with potential implications for tumor invasion and keratinopathies, settings in which diminished cell adhesion facilitates tissue fragility and neoplastic growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cornelia Kröger
- Whitehead Institute for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, MA 02142, USA
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König K, Meder L, Kröger C, Diehl L, Florin A, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Kahl P, Wardelmann E, Magin TM, Buettner R, Heukamp LC. Loss of the keratin cytoskeleton is not sufficient to induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in a novel KRAS driven sporadic lung cancer mouse model. PLoS One 2013; 8:e57996. [PMID: 23536778 PMCID: PMC3594220 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0057996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/30/2013] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the phenotypical change of cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal type, is thought to be a key event in invasion and metastasis of adenocarcinomas. These changes involve loss of keratin expression as well as loss of cell polarity and adhesion. We here aimed to determine whether the loss of keratin expression itself drives increased invasion and metastasis in adenocarcinomas and whether keratin loss leads to the phenotypic changes associated with EMT. Therefore, we employed a recently described murine model in which conditional deletion of the Keratin cluster II by Cre-recombinase leads to the loss of the entire keratinmultiprotein family. These mice were crossed into a newly generated Cre-recombinase inducible KRAS-driven murine lung cancer model to examine the effect of keratin loss on morphology, invasion and metastasis as well as expression of EMT related genes in the resulting tumors. We here clearly show that loss of a functional keratin cytoskeleton did not significantly alter tumor morphology or biology in terms of invasion, metastasis, proliferation or tumor burden and did not lead to induction of EMT. Further, tumor cells did not induce synchronously expression of vimentin, which is often seen in EMT, to compensate for keratin loss. In summary, our data suggest that changes in cell shape and migration that underlie EMT are dependent on changes in signaling pathways that cause secondary changes in keratin expression and organization. Thus, we conclude that loss of the keratin cytoskeleton per se is not sufficient to causally drive EMT in this tumor model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina König
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Lydia Meder
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Cornelia Kröger
- Whitehead Institute of Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Linda Diehl
- Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany
| | | | | | - Philip Kahl
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lukas C. Heukamp
- Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
- * E-mail:
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Koenig K, Meder L, Kroeger C, Diehl L, Florin A, Rommerscheidt-Fuss U, Kahl P, Wardelmann E, Magin TM, Buettner R, Heukamp LC. Abstract B44: Loss of the keratin cytoskeleton is not sufficient to induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in a novel KRAS-driven sporadic lung cancer mouse model. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.tim2013-b44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT), the phenotypical change of cells from an epithelial to a mesenchymal type, is thought to be a key event in invasion and metastasis of adenocarcinomas. These changes involve loss of keratin expression as well as loss of cell polarity and adhesion. We here aimed to determine whether the loss of keratin expression itself drives increased invasion and metastasis in adenocarcinomas and whether keratin loss leads to the phenotypic changes associated with EMT. Therefore, we employed a recently described murine model in which conditional deletion by Cre-recombinase leads to loss of the entire keratin
multiprotein family. These mice were crossed into a newly generated Cre-recombinase inducible KRAS-driven murine lung cancer model to examine the effect of keratin loss on morphology, invasion and metastasis as well as expression of EMT related genes in the resulting tumors.
We here clearly show that loss of a functional keratin cytoskeleton did not significantly alter tumor morphology or biology in terms of invasion, metastasis, proliferation or tumor burden and did not lead to induction of EMT. Further, tumor cells did not induce synchronously expression of vimentin, which is often seen in EMT, to compensate for keratin loss. In summary, our data suggest that changes in cell shape and migration that underlie EMT, are dependent on changes in signaling pathways that cause secondary changes in keratin expression and organization. Thus, we conclude that that loss of the keratin cytoskeleton per se is not sufficient to causally drive EMT in this tumor model.
Citation Format: Katharina Koenig, Lydia Meder, Cornelia Kroeger, Linda Diehl, Alexandra Florin, Ursula Rommerscheidt-Fuss, Philip Kahl, Eva Wardelmann, Thomas M. Magin, Reinhard Buettner, Lukas C. Heukamp. Loss of the keratin cytoskeleton is not sufficient to induce epithelial mesenchymal transition in a novel KRAS-driven sporadic lung cancer mouse model. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Tumor Invasion and Metastasis; Jan 20-23, 2013; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2013;73(3 Suppl):Abstract nr B44.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina Koenig
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | - Lydia Meder
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | | | - Linda Diehl
- 3Institutes of Molecular Medicine and Experimental Immunology, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany,
| | - Alexandra Florin
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | | | - Philip Kahl
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | - Eva Wardelmann
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
| | - Thomas M. Magin
- 4Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine (TRM) and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | | | - Lukas C. Heukamp
- 1Institute of Pathology, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany,
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Roth W, Kumar V, Beer HD, Richter M, Wohlenberg C, Reuter U, Thiering S, Staratschek-Jox A, Hofmann A, Kreusch F, Schultze JL, Vogl T, Roth J, Reichelt J, Hausser I, Magin TM. Keratin 1 maintains skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in skin through interleukin-18. J Cell Sci 2012; 125:5269-79. [PMID: 23132931 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.116574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Keratin 1 (KRT1) and its heterodimer partner keratin 10 (KRT10) are major constituents of the intermediate filament cytoskeleton in suprabasal epidermis. KRT1 mutations cause epidermolytic ichthyosis in humans, characterized by loss of barrier integrity and recurrent erythema. In search of the largely unknown pathomechanisms and the role of keratins in barrier formation and inflammation control, we show here that Krt1 is crucial for maintenance of skin integrity and participates in an inflammatory network in murine keratinocytes. Absence of Krt1 caused a prenatal increase in interleukin-18 (IL-18) and the S100A8 and S100A9 proteins, accompanied by a barrier defect and perinatal lethality. Depletion of IL-18 partially rescued Krt1(-/-) mice. IL-18 release was keratinocyte-autonomous, KRT1 and caspase-1 dependent, supporting an upstream role of KRT1 in the pathology. Finally, transcriptome profiling revealed a Krt1-mediated gene expression signature similar to atopic eczema and psoriasis, but different from Krt5 deficiency and epidermolysis bullosa simplex. Our data suggest a functional link between KRT1 and human inflammatory skin diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wera Roth
- Translational Centre for Regenerative Medicine and Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
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