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Zhu AQ, Luo N, Zhou XT, Yuan M, Zhang CM, Pan TL, Li KP. Transcriptomic insights into the lipotoxicity of high-fat high-fructose diet in rat and mouse. J Nutr Biochem 2024; 128:109626. [PMID: 38527560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2024.109626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
Along with the increasing prevalence of obesity worldwide, the deleterious effects of high-calorie diet are gradually recognized through more and more epidemiological studies. However, the concealed and chronic causality whitewashes its unhealthy character. Given an ingenious mechanism orchestrates the metabolic adaptation to high-fat high-fructose (HFF) diet and connive its lipotoxicity, in this study, an experimental rat/mouse model of obesity was induced and a comparative transcriptomic analysis was performed to probe the mystery. Our results demonstrated that HFF diet consumption altered the transcriptomic pattern as well as different high-calorie diet fed rat/mouse manifested distinct hepatic transcriptome. Validation with RT-qPCR and Western blotting confirmed that SREBP1-FASN involved in de novo lipogenesis partly mediated metabolic self-adaption. Moreover, hepatic ACSL1-CPT1A-CPT2 pathway involved in fatty acids β-oxidation, played a key role in the metabolic adaption to HFF. Collectively, our findings enrich the knowledge of the chronic adaptation mechanisms and also shed light on future investigations. Meanwhile, our results also suggest that efforts to restore the fatty acids metabolic fate could be a promising avenue to fight against obesity and associated steatosis and insulin resistance challenged by HFF diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- An-Qi Zhu
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Ning Luo
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiao-Ting Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Chu-Mei Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tian-Ling Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kun-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, China.; Key Laboratory of Glucolipid Metabolic Disorder, Ministry of Education of China, Guangzhou, China.
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Liang XL, Wu YL, Chen YJ, Zhang JM, He J, Yuan M, Pan TL, Pineda MA, Li KP. Membrane-Based Preparation Process and Antioxidant and Anti-AGEs Activities of a Novel Propolis Ultrafiltrate. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202301333. [PMID: 38116898 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202301333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 12/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/19/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Propolis is one functional supplement with hundreds of years of usage. However, it's rarely consumed directly for its resinous property. Herein, a pre-treated process which can remove the impurity while preserve its bioactivities is needed to maximise its therapeutic opportunities. In the present study, a membrane-based ultrafiltration process was developed on a KM1812-NF experimental instrument. Using Brazilian green propolis as testing material, all experimental steps and parameters were sequentially optimized. In addition, a mathematical model was developed to fit the process. As a result, the optimum solvent was 60 % ethanol adjusted to pH 8-9, while the optimum MWCO (molecular weight cut-off) value of membrane was 30 KDa. The membrane filtration dynamic model fitted with the function y=(ax+b)/(1+cx+dx2 ). The resulting propolis ultrafiltrate from Brazilian green propolis, termed P30K, contains the similar profile of flavonoids and phenolic acids as raw propolis. Meanwhile, the ORAC (oxygen radical absorbance capacity) value of P30K is 11429.45±1557.58 μM TE/g and the IC50 value of inhibition of fluorescent AGEs (advanced glycation end products) formation is 0.064 mg/mL. Our work provides an innovative alternative process for extraction of active compounds from propolis and reveals P30K as an efficient therapeutic antioxidant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Lu Liang
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China, 510006
| | - Yong-Lin Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Yu-Jia Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jia-Min Zhang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Jian He
- BYHEALTH Institute of Nutrition & Health, Guangzhou, 510000, China
| | - Min Yuan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China, 510006
| | - Tian-Ling Pan
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China, 510006
| | - Miguel A Pineda
- Centre for the Cellular Microenvironment, University of Glasgow, University Place, Glasgow, G12 8TA, UK
| | - Kun-Ping Li
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong TCM Key Laboratory for Metabolic Diseases, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
- Institute of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, 280 East Road, Outer Ring, Guangzhou Higher Education Mega Center, Guangzhou, China, 510006
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Zhao CS, Pan TL, Xia J, Yang ST, Zhao J, Gan XJ, Hou LP, Ding SY. Streamflow calculation for medium-to-small rivers in data scarce inland areas. Sci Total Environ 2019; 693:133571. [PMID: 31377369 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.07.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2019] [Revised: 06/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Inland streamflow estimation is essential in global water supply and environment protection. In data-scarce areas a highly efficient way of estimating streamflow is through remote sensing methods. However, high requirement of most previous methods on ground-measured data hinder their wide use in data-scarce areas. Therefore, this paper presented a new framework for estimation of streamflow in medium-to-small rivers with few ground measurements by using high-resolution unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV) imagery. A new Virtual Hydraulic Radius (VHR) method was proposed to complement AMHG (at-many-stations hydraulic geometry), a method not requiring any ground measurements when global parameters are used (global-AMHG) in large-scaled rivers but yielding great uncertainties in smaller scaled rivers, thus creating a VHR-AMHG method for medium-to-small rivers. The accuracy verification of the proposed method was performed by comparing it to field measurement data and the global parameters of the original AMHG (global-AMHG). Results showed that the root mean square error calculated from VHR-AMHG was 32.15 m3/s, while that from global-AMHG was 305.65 m3/s, indicating that the VHR-AHRG method yields a significantly higher accuracy for streamflow estimation for medium-to-small rivers. We found that regardless of the size of the river, AMHG is not applicable for rivers having excessively small b values in the equation w = aQb (low-b rivers). For medium-to-small rivers with b < 0.25, AMHG is not recommended. The accuracy of the original AMHG method is limited by the initial value of the model parameters and the condition that the congruent discharge (Qc) has to be within the range of observational discharge. The initial value setting of the model parameters significantly impacts the calculation accuracy. The VHR-AMHG method is able to overcome the deficiencies of the original AMHG, i.e. being overly dependent on the initial value setting with long-series known discharge data. It also eliminates the limitation of the Qc condition, as it achieves a higher accuracy for rivers in which Qc does not satisfy the condition compared to using global-AMHG on rivers that actually meet the condition, thus greatly expanding its usage scope. Thus VHR-AMHG method can provide detailed data on the spatial and temporal distribution of regional and national streamflow for governments and stakeholders, and offer scientific data support for wisely making water supply polices and sustainably protecting eco-environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- C S Zhao
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, PR China; School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China; ICube, UdS, CNRS (UMR 7357), 300 Bld Sebastien Brant, CS 10413, 67412 Illkirch, France
| | - T L Pan
- School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - J Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Water Resources & Hydropower Engineering Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China.
| | - S T Yang
- College of Water Sciences, Beijing Normal University, Beijing Key Laboratory of Urban Hydrological Cycle and Sponge City Technology, Beijing 100875, PR China; School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - J Zhao
- Jinan Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - X J Gan
- Jinan Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Jinan 250013, PR China
| | - L P Hou
- School of Geography, Faculty of Geographical Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, PR China
| | - S Y Ding
- Jinan Survey Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources, Jinan 250013, PR China
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Pan TL, Sakulsermsuk S, Sloan PA, Palmer RE. Site- and energy-selective intramolecular manipulation of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) molecules. J Am Chem Soc 2011; 133:11834-6. [PMID: 21761842 DOI: 10.1021/ja202307d] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
We demonstrate the conversion of an adsorbed precursor state of polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) molecules on the Si(111)-7 × 7 surface at room temperature into a more stable configuration via site- and energy-selective atomic manipulation in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM). Whereas molecular desorption is maximized by electron injection into the chemisorbed molecular ring at low voltage, injection into the physisorbed molecular ring above a threshold voltage (2.5 V) favors the reconfiguration of the bonding. The results clearly demonstrate both intramolecular charge localization and intramolecular charge transportation as key ingredients in the atomic manipulation of individual polyatomic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Nanoscale Physics Research Laboratory, School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK, B15 2TT
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Li KP, Pan TL, Gao CK, Li WM. [Study on the enrichment and purification of total flavonoids in Microcos paniculata by macroporous adsorption resin]. Zhong Yao Cai 2009; 32:601-604. [PMID: 19645249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To establish an optimum enrichment and purification process of total flavonoids in Microcos paniculata by macroporous resins. METHODS Five kinds of resins were compared and the best one was chosen. Then the parameters of the process were optimized by single factor tests, uniform design and statistical methods. RESULTS DI01 was selected for its excellent adsorption and desorption properties, 70% ethanol was found to be the best elution solution. As far as the yield was considered, the best result was based on the followings: feed rate-1.0 BV/h, elution flow rate-2.0 BV/h, sample concentration-7.88 mg/mL, eluting agent amount-2.0 BV, pH value 4.8; then the yield reached 90.18% and the purity was 54.37%. If the purity was considered, the best parameters wereas follows: feed rate-1.0 BV/h, elution flow rate-2.0 BV/h, sample concentration-2.0 mg/mL, eluting agent amount-2.8 BV, pH value 7.8; then the purity reached 61.77% and the yield was 80.25%. CONCLUSION The total flavonoids of Microcos paniculata can be effectively purificated and separated by D101 macroporous resin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Ping Li
- Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China
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Lin YC, Goto S, Pan TL, Hong YR, Lin CL, Lord R, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Iwashita S, Kitano S, Chen CL. Identification of two down-regulated genes in rat liver allografts by mRNA differential display. Transpl Int 2001; 14:153-8. [PMID: 11499904 DOI: 10.1007/s001470100311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Total RNA differential display (DD) using random primers was performed for rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) models. DA (RT1a) donor livers were transplanted into DA, PVG (RT1c), and LEW (RT1l) recipients: (1) syngeneic OLT (DA-DA): no rejection occurs; (2) allogeneic OLT (DA-PVG): rejection occurs, but is naturally overcome without immunosuppression; (3) allogeneic OLT (DA-LEW): animals die of acute rejection within 14 days. cDNA was isolated from selected bands, re-amplified for sequencing, and confirmed by Northern blots. Two down-regulated genes were observed in day-7 allogeneic OLT livers (DA-PVG, DA-LEW), while they were consistently expressed in day-7 syngeneic OLT (DA-DA) livers. These two genes were identified as alpha-glutathione sulfotransferase (alpha-GST) Ya gene and estrogen sulfotransferase (EST), respectively. Northern blots confirmed that their expression was down-regulated in OLT (DA-PVG) livers on days 7-26 and gradually restored. The mRNA expression of GST and EST may be good markers to predict rejection or induction of tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y C Lin
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Cheng YF, Chen CL, Lai CY, Chen TY, Huang TL, Lee TY, Lin CL, Lord R, Chen YS, Eng HL, Pan TL, Lee TH, Wang YH, Iwashita Y, Kitano S, Goto S. Assessment of donor fatty livers for liver transplantation. Transplantation 2001; 71:1221-5. [PMID: 11397953 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200105150-00007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIM The effect of fatty liver on graft survival, especially with reference to macrovesicular and microvesicular steatosis, is still uncertain. This preliminarily study was designed to create a noninvasive method for the quantification of the hepatic fat content in vivo and to establish provisional criteria for the assessment of fatty donor livers before liver transplantation among transplant surgeons, radiologists, and pathologists. METHODS AND MATERIALS Different degrees of rat fatty liver model were established by feeding rats a diet deficient in choline and methionine for different periods of time. Computed tomography (CT) with test tubes containing variable percentages of fat equivalent substance were used to assess the severity of fatty change of the rat liver. This was then correlated with the histological classification, level of hepatic enzymes, and graft survival. RESULTS Linear correlation between the fat volume fraction added to the test tubes and CT density were found. The process of producing a fatty liver via diet alteration peaked at week 3. At this time hepatic enzymes, radiological fat content, and posttransplantation survival were worse (P=0.013), compared with other time points. Radiological assessment of fatty liver correlated well with survival and serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase and glutamic pyruvate transaminase levels. CONCLUSION Severe microvesicular steatosis does not influence recipient survival, however, macrovesicular steatosis affects graft survival. Caliber CT is a practical and simple method that allows an accurate noninvasive quantitative assessment of hepatic fatty infiltration. It has potential to be a useful parameter for the assessment of donor livers for clinical liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y F Cheng
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology, Chang Gung University, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Goto S, Lord R, Huang YC, Huang CM, Wang PW, Lin YC, Kawamoto S, Ono K, Liao PC, Lin CL, Lai CY, Chang HL, Lan CH, Lee TH, Wang YC, Wu ML, Jawan B, Cheng YF, Chen ST, Chen CL. Proteome analysis in liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:156. [PMID: 11266756 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01952-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Goto S, Lin YC, Lin CL, Lord R, Lee CM, Pan TL, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Huang HY, Lee TH, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Chen CL. Activation of telomerase by liver transplantation in rats. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2376-7. [PMID: 11120207 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01706-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Chiang KC, Lin YC, Shu LW, Chen YS, Eng HL, Jawan B, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Goto S. Ceruloplasmin, a novel candidate as a diagnostic marker for liver function after liver transplantation. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2198. [PMID: 11120131 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01633-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang-Gung Memorial Hospital of Kaohsiung, Niao Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan, People's Republic of China
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Chiang KC, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lin YC, Pan TL, Lord R, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Huang HY, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Goto S. Expression of clusterin in a rat tolerogenic OLT model. Transplant Proc 2000; 32:2333-4. [PMID: 11120188 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(00)01687-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Lin CL, Chen CL, Lin YC, Gojo S, Lee TH, Wang YH, Lord R, Lai CY, Tsu LW, Tseng HP, Wu ML, Iwashita Y, Kitano S, Chiang KC, Hashimoto T, Sugioka A, Goto S. Identification of the indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase nucleotide sequence in a rat liver transplant model. Transpl Immunol 2000; 8:189-94. [PMID: 11147699 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(00)00024-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A tryptophan catabolizer, indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO) is highly expressed in the placenta and plays an essential role in maternal tolerance. Recent data have shown that the administration of an IDO inhibitor blocked not only maternal tolerance but also liver allograft tolerance. However, little is known about the induction of IDO in liver allografts, although a gene specific for tryptophan 2,3-dioxygenase (TDO) is believed to be expressed in the liver. In the present study, we investigated whether IDO is induced in liver allografts. Synthetic oligonucleotide primers based on the mouse IDO cDNA sequence were used to amplify RNA derived from livers of donor, syngeneic or allogeneic OLT rats. RNA encoding IDO was induced in the rat allogeneic liver after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT), but not in syngeneic OLT. The rat nucleotide sequence of the RT-PCR products obtained from OLT livers revealed identities of 89% homology to the mouse IDO and of 68% to the human IDO. This study demonstrated the presence of RNA encoding IDO in allogeneic OLT livers, which may be involved in the immune response after liver transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
Little is known as to how hepatectomy is associated with the growth of hepatic tumours, which may reside in the remaining liver after curative resection for hepatocellular carcinoma. Using an intra-hepatic tumour implantation model in rats, the effects of hepatectomy on tumour growth in the remaining liver were investigated. On post-operative day 7, the tumour weight in the remaining liver following 30% hepatectomy was 0.321+/-0.058 g (mean +/- SD) which was significantly greater than that (0.245+/-0.040 g) in sham operations (P<0.05). However, the tumour weight (0.156+/-0.067 g) in the remaining liver following 60% hepatectomy was significantly lower than that in sham animals (P< 0.005). The number of TdT-mediated dUTP nick-end labelling (TUNEL) positive tumour cells was significantly increased in 60% hepatectomy as compared with the sham and 30% hepatectomy group. The mRNA expression of TGF-beta1, TNF-alpha and Fas in the tumour portion of 60% hepatectomy, was higher than that in 30% hepatectomy group. Plasma levels of TGF-beta1 were inversely correlated with intra-hepatic tumour weights. These results suggest that major hepatic resection may lead to an increased induction of apoptosis for the remaining hepatic tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Yokoyama
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, 123, Ta-Pei Rd., Niao-Sung, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the aetiology and clinical profile of primary and secondary pulmonary hypertension (PHT) in SLE patients. METHODS A retrospective study of SLE patients with PHT identified from a cohort of 786 SLE patients seen at Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore. RESULTS 22 patients had primary and 24 patients had secondary PHT, with similar clinical features at presentation and a similar degree of pulmonary pressure elevation. Secondary PHT was due to valvular heart disease (50%), pulmonary embolism (13%), interstitial lung disease (8%) or a combination of these factors (29%). Primary PHT tended to present after a shorter duration of lupus than secondary PHT (8.8 vs 43.2 months, P=0.118). At presentation, Raynaud's phenomenon was present in 34.8% of subjects with primary or secondary PHT. Among those with secondary PHT, the presence of Raynaud's phenomenon was associated with a trend towards higher pulmonary artery systolic pressures (51.0 vs 40.5 mmHg, P=0. 101). 17% of patients with PHT died, but from causes unrelated to PHT. CONCLUSION Primary and secondary PHT are equally common in SLE patients. Secondary PHT is often multi-factorial, and Raynaud's phenomenon may be a marker for the severity of PHT in this group of patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- The Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Tan Tock Seng Hospital, Singapore
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Chiang KC, Goto S, Chen CL, Lin CL, Lin YC, Pan TL, Lord R, Lai CY, Tseng HP, Hsu LW, Lee TH, Yokoyama H, Kunimatsu M, Chiang YC, Hashimoto T. Clusterin may be involved in rat liver allograft tolerance. Transpl Immunol 2000; 8:95-9. [PMID: 11005314 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(00)00011-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Little is known about the possible role of complement inhibitors on tolerance induced by liver allografts. Clusterin, which is a plasma glycoprotein, inhibits cytolytic membrane attack complex (MAC) of complement by binding to soluble C5b-7 complex. The role of clusterin in relation to the naturally achieved tolerance in a rat orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) has not been investigated before. Here we determined the kinetics of clusterin expression at different post-transplantation time points in a tolerogenic model (DA-PVG) where rejection was naturally overcome without any immunosuppressive drugs in comparison with the syngenic OLT model (DA-DA). Peripheral blood and liver tissues were taken from OLT at various post-operative time points. A strong expression of soluble clusterin was observed on post-transplantation day 7, which occurred at the peak of the rejection in this tolerogenic OLT model. The expression of clusterin remained strong even after tolerance was achieved. The intensity of clusterin expression was much stronger when compared with the syngenic OLT (DA-DA) model after OLT. A strong expression of clusterin mRNA was also observed in the tolerogenic model on post-OLT day (POD) 7 and the expression persisted when compared with the syngenic model on post-OLT day 60. Our data have shown that the strongest levels of clusterin during the reaction phase in tolerogenic OLT may be involved in tolerance induction.
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Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery 1, Nagoya City University Medical School, Nagoya, Japan.
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Jawan B, Cheung HK, Chen CC, Chen YS, Chiang YC, Wang CC, Cheng YF, Huang TL, Eng HL, Goto S, Pan TL, De Villa V, Liu PP, Wang SH, Lin CL, Lee JH. Repeated hypotensive episodes due to hepatic outflow obstruction during liver transplantation in adult patients. J Clin Anesth 2000; 12:231-3. [PMID: 10869925 DOI: 10.1016/s0952-8180(00)00146-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report two cases of unusual repeated hypotension, decreased cardiac output, decreased mixed venous oxygen saturation, decreased central venous pressure, pulmonary artery pressure, and pulmonary wedge pressure after the completion of all vascular anastamoses of liver transplantation. These unstable hemodynamics appear to reflect a clinically relevant picture of hypovolemia. However, the real cause was partial hepatic outflow obstruction. The obstruction was suspected because hypotension was alleviated by elevating the full-sized liver graft ventrally and to the left. Doppler ultrasound examination confirmed that the flow velocity of the hepatic vein outflow was insufficient when the liver fell to its resting position in the right hepatic fossa. An additional side-to-side cavo-caval anastomosis resolved the problem in one patient, whereas the other required not only the additional anastomosis, but also application of a tissue expander filled with 770 mL normal saline beneath the liver to eliminate the obstruction. We emphasize that obstruction of the hepatic outflow causes only temporal hypovolemia because of a decrease of venous return and that treatment of this complication should be surgical intervention to relieve the obstruction. Blind resuscitation with fluids will not solve the problem and, in fact, may result in fluid overload with subsequent complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Jawan
- Department of Anesthesiology and Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical Center, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Goto S, Lin YC, Lai CY, Lee CM, Pan TL, Lord R, Chiang KC, Tseng HP, Lin CL, Cheng YF, Yokoyama H, Kitano S, Chen CL. Telomerase activity in rat liver allografts. Transplantation 2000; 69:1013-5. [PMID: 10755570 DOI: 10.1097/00007890-200003150-00062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Telomerase activity in grafts may be involved in the alteration of cellular senescence after transplantation or its relevant immunological events. METHODS At the age of 20 weeks, donor livers harvested from DA (RT1a) were orthotopically transplanted into PVG (RT1c) or LEW (RT1(1)) rats. Rats having undergone orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT; DA-PVG) naturally overcome rejection, whereas all OLT (DA-LEW) rats die from acute rejection within 14 days. Telomerase activity in liver allografts was measured at various intervals post OLT. RESULTS At day 7 when the most severe rejection episode was observed in OLT (DA-LEW) and OLT (DA-PVG), the telomerase activity was significantly higher than in syngeneic OLT (DA-DA) rats, in which no rejection occurred. Telomerase activity in tolerogenic OLT (DA-PVG) livers remained elevated for at least 2 months. CONCLUSION These results suggest that telomerase activity in allogeneic OLT livers may reflect regenerating hepatocytes or activation of lymphocytes and/or hematopoietic stem cells associated with rejection or tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Liver Transplantation Program, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Goto S, Lin YC, Lord R, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Chen YS, Eng HL, Cheng YF, Tatsuma T, Kitano S, Lin CL, Chen CL. The fas and fas ligand pathways in liver allograft tolerance. Clin Exp Immunol 1999; 118:180-7. [PMID: 10540176 PMCID: PMC1905401 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2249.1999.01035.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
The Fas and Fas ligand (Fas/FasL) pathways may play a central role in cytotoxicity or immunoregulation in liver transplantation. Here, in an attempt to examine the role of Fas/FasL on drug-free tolerance, we measured mRNA levels of Fas/FasL in livers by reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and also protein levels of Fas/FasL in livers by immunohistochemistry and in serum by dot blot assay. PVG recipients bearing DA livers showed serious rejection between post-operative (POD) days 7 and 14, but this rejection was naturally overcome without any immunosuppression. Fas gene and protein products were expressed on almost every cell in livers taken from naive rats, and at any time point in both syngeneic and allogeneic orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) rats. In contrast, FasL mRNA in DA livers was detectable at POD 2, peaked at POD 14, and declined at POD 63 in allogeneic OLT (DA-PVG). Although the FasL gene was detectable in isografts at POD 14, its expression was much lower than in allografts. The time course and localization of FasL expression indicated that the expression of FasL gradually switched from infiltrating cells to hepatocytes when the rejection was naturally overcome and tolerance was induced in this OLT model. Soluble Fas could constitutively be detected at any time point in the serum of the tolerogenic OLT (DA-PVG) rats and was not diminished during the rejection phase. Soluble FasL peaked at POD 14 in allogeneic OLT, while sFasL was significantly lower in the serum of normal and syngeneic OLT rats. These findings suggest that the Fas and FasL pathways, including soluble forms, may contribute to the control of the immune response in this drug-free tolerance OLT model.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery and Liver Transplant Programme, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Goto S, Vari F, Lord R, Edwards-Smith C, Chiba S, Kobayashi S, Pan TL, Lin YC, Chiang KC, Lai CY, Tatsuma T, Kitano S, Chen CL. Mechanisms of suppression of liver allograft rejection by LSF-1. Transplant Proc 1999; 31:451-2. [PMID: 10083184 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01702-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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21
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Goto S, Noguch T, Morotomi Y, Lord R, Board J, Chen CL, Jawan B, Pan TL, Chen YS, Tatsuma T, Kitano S, Lynch SV. A transient increase in endogeneous erythropoietin levels after paediatric liver transplantation. Transpl Immunol 1998; 6:265-7. [PMID: 10342741 DOI: 10.1016/s0966-3274(98)80017-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
We investigated whether liver transplantation affects endogeneous erythropoietin (EPO) synthesis. Serum EPO levels were measured before transplantation and during the peri-transplant period in ten consecutive paediatric patients who had received a liver allograft without recombinant EPO therapy. All patients were anaemic on post-operative day 1 (POD 1); however, the haemoglobin levels of three patients gradually increased and required phlebotomy on POD 5-9. The serum levels of EPO in all patients were within the normal range before surgery, but six of the ten patients had a transient increased level of EPO at 1248 h after transplantation. A transient increase of endogeneous EPO following paediatric liver transplantation may be associated with extramedullary erythropoiesis in human liver grafts.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Department of Surgery, University of Queensland, Brisbane.
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Goto S, Noguchi T, Lynch SV, Strong RW, Morotomi Y, Lord R, Kobayashi S, Eng HL, Chen YS, Liu PP, Wan CC, Pan TL, Cheung HK, Jawan B, Chen CL. Is regular measurement of adhesion molecules and cytokines useful to predict post-liver transplant complications? Transplant Proc 1998; 30:2975-6. [PMID: 9838313 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)00895-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Queensland Liver Transplant Service, Brisbane, Australia
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Kobayashi S, Goto S, Lord R, Shimizu Y, Swanson C, Vari F, Edwards-Smith C, Chiba S, Pan TL, Chen CL. Analysis of immunosuppressive proteins in serum of liver-transplanted rats by using an anti-LSF-1 affinity column. J Surg Res 1998; 80:58-61. [PMID: 9790815 DOI: 10.1006/jsre.1998.5327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Liver suppressor factor one (LSF-1) is a 40-kDa immunosuppressive protein in the serum of rats 60 days after orthotopic liver transplantation (OLT) between the nonrejector combination of DA donors into PVG recipients. In the present study, the purification of proteins from rat OLT serum taken 60 days after transplantation was performed by affinity chromatography using the anti-LSF-1 polyclonal antibody (pAb). The assessment of column eluates using anti-LSF-1 and OLT serum was studied using rat heart and liver transplantation models. Rejection was not suppressed by the administration of OLT serum in heart or liver allografts. However, heart allografts treated with peak eluates (450 micrograms single shot im, dissolved in Intralipos) taken from the affinity OLT serum survived significantly longer than untreated rats (median = 36.5 days; n = 7 vs 6.5 days; n = 5, respectively, P = 0.011). The same treatment with anti-LSF-1 column eluates also prolonged liver allografts significantly (>200 days) than those in either the untreated group (median = 11 days; n = 7) or those which received only Intralipos (median = 10.5 days; n = 5, P = 0.019). Subsequent analysis of the N-terminal sequences of some of the proteins which were eluted from the affinity column revealed that the homology of a 30-kDa protein was identical to hemoglobin alpha-chain, a 59-kDa protein to granulocyte inhibitory factor, a 70-kDa and a 90-kDa to albumin and its precursor, respectively. Although the specific immunosuppressive component has not been isolated, our results suggested that the anti-LSF-1 column can extract immunosuppressive moiety of LSF-1 from OLT serum.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Kobayashi
- First Department of Surgery, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan.
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Goto S, Lord R, Shimizu Y, Edwards-Smith C, Vari F, Chiba S, Kobayashi S, Pan TL, Akiyama K, Kuwahara T, Yuda H, Goto T, Chiang KC, Lin YC, Chen CL. The suppression of heart and liver allograft rejection by liver suppressor factor one (LSF-1) and its possible human homologue. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3578-9. [PMID: 9838567 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01143-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Goto
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Pan TL, Goto S, Matsumoto I, Wilce P, Lord R, Kobayashi S, Lin YC, Chiang KC, Lai CC, Jawan B, Chen CL. Immediate early genes and AP-1 DNA-binding activity in liver ischemia in rats. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3721-2. [PMID: 9838632 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01209-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T L Pan
- Department of Surgery, Chang Guang Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Chiang KC, Pan TL, Goto S, Lin YC, Lai CY, Liu PP, Chen YS, Wang CC, Chiang YC, Cheng YF, Huang TL, Eng HL, Cheung HK, Jawan B, Chen CL. Differential expression of proteins associated with liver transplantation in Wilson's disease patients. Transplant Proc 1998; 30:3263-4. [PMID: 9838442 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(98)01021-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K C Chiang
- Department of Surgery, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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Low TL, Lin CY, Pan TL, Chiou AJ, Tsugita A. Structure and immunological properties of thymosin beta 9 Met, a new analog of thymosin beta 4 isolated from porcine thymus. Int J Pept Protein Res 1990; 36:481-8. [PMID: 2090639 DOI: 10.1111/j.1399-3011.1990.tb00986.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
During the course for the studies of thymosin beta 4 and prothymosin alpha from porcine thymus, a new analog of thymosin beta 4 has been identified. This peptide consists of 41 amino acid residues. The amino terminus is blocked by an acetyl group as revealed by fast atom bombardment mass spectrometric analysis. Amino acid sequence studies disclosed that this peptide is identical to bovine thymosin beta 9 except that leucine at position 6 in beta 9 is substituted by methionine. Thus, this new peptide has been termed thymosin beta 9 Met. The recoveries of beta 9 Met, beta 4, and prothymosin alpha in porcine tissues have been determined (in micrograms/g tissue) as follows: thymus (43, 85, 133); spleen (68, 203, 37); liver (10, 31, 27); heart (1.5, 10, 0); kidney (5, 51, 37); brain (0.8, 31, 5). Biologically, thymosin beta 9 Met was found to be more active than beta 4 in enhancing gamma-interferon production in cord blood lymphocytes. However, beta 4 appeared to stimulate higher amounts of interleukin 2 and tumor necrotic factor. The significance for the coexistence of two homologous peptides with similar functions in the thymus and a number of other organs is not clear, and deserves further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Low
- Graduate Institute of Biochemistry, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Japan
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Low TL, Pan TL, Lin YS. Depression of prothymosin alpha production in murine thymus correlates with staphylococcal enterotoxin-B-induced immunosuppression [corrected]. FEBS Lett 1990; 273:1-5. [PMID: 2226839 DOI: 10.1016/0014-5793(90)81037-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Prothymosin alpha [corrected] (ProT alpha) and thymosin beta 4 [corrected] (T beta 4) were isolated from murine thymus and characterized by microsequence analysis. Murine T beta 4 has an identical sequence to bovine T beta 4, whereas murine ProT alpha is highly homologous to rat Pro T alpha. Murine Pro T alpha differs from rat Pro T alpha at two positions, Glu100 and Asp108 of the rat sequence are substituted by aspartic and glutamic acid, respectively, in murine Pro T alpha. The amount of Pro T alpha in murine thymus was found to be reduced after in vivo treatment with staphylococcal enterotoxin B [corrected] (SEB), a superantigen which stimulates T cells bearing specific V beta receptors. Results from the anti-SRBC (sheep erythrocyte) plaque-forming cell assay showed that the antibody response of the spleen cells from these animals was also suppressed. On the other hand, the amount of T beta 4 was not changed significantly. Our studies suggest that the suppression of SEB on antibody response correlates with the depression of Pro T alpha production in the thymus.
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Affiliation(s)
- T L Low
- Department of Biochemistry, National Cheng Kung University Medical College, Tainan, Taiwan, Republic of China
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