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Fujitani N, Akashi T, Saito M, Morita M, So T, Oka K. Increased neurotoxicity of high-density lipoprotein secreted from murine reactive astrocytes deficient in a peroxisomal very-long-chain fatty acid transporter Abcd1. J Inherit Metab Dis 2024; 47:289-301. [PMID: 38146202 DOI: 10.1002/jimd.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 12/04/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/27/2023]
Abstract
X-linked adrenoleukodystrophy (X-ALD) is a genetic neurodegenerative disorder caused by pathogenic variants in ABCD1, resulting in the accumulation of very-long-chain fatty acids (VLCFAs) in tissues. The etiology of X-ALD is unclear. Activated astrocytes play a pathological role in X-ALD. Recently, reactive astrocytes have been shown to induce neuronal cell death via saturated lipids in high-density lipoprotein (HDL), although how HDL from reactive astrocytes exhibits neurotoxic effects has yet to be determined. In this study, we obtained astrocytes from wild-type and Abcd1-deficient mice. HDL was purified from the culture supernatant of astrocytes, and the effect of HDL on neurons was evaluated in vitro. To our knowledge, this study shows for the first time that HDL obtained from Abcd1-deficient reactive astrocytes induces a significantly higher level of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release, a marker of cell damage, from mouse primary cortical neurons as compared to HDL from wild-type reactive astrocytes. Notably, HDL from Abcd1-deficient astrocytes contained significantly high amounts of VLCFA-containing phosphatidylcholine (PC) and LysoPC. Activation of Abcd1-deficient astrocytes led to the production of HDL containing decreased amounts of PC with arachidonic acid in sn-2 acyl moieties and increased amounts of LysoPC, presumably through cytosolic phospholipase A2 α upregulation. These results suggest that compositional changes in PC and LysoPC in HDL, due to Abcd1 deficiency and astrocyte activation, may contribute to neuronal damage. Our findings provide novel insights into central nervous system pathology in X-ALD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujitani
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Tomoya Akashi
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, DMPK Research Laboratories (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, DMPK Research Laboratories (Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics), Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
| | - Masashi Morita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Takanori So
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan
| | - Kozo Oka
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation, Yokohama-shi, Kanagawa, Japan
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Hiraizumi M, Akashi T, Murasaki K, Kishida H, Kumanomidou T, Torimoto N, Nureki O, Miyaguchi I. Transport and inhibition mechanism of the human SGLT2-MAP17 glucose transporter. Nat Struct Mol Biol 2024; 31:159-169. [PMID: 38057552 PMCID: PMC10803289 DOI: 10.1038/s41594-023-01134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) is imporant in glucose reabsorption. SGLT2 inhibitors suppress renal glucose reabsorption, therefore reducing blood glucose levels in patients with type 2 diabetes. We and others have developed several SGLT2 inhibitors starting from phlorizin, a natural product. Using cryo-electron microscopy, we present the structures of human (h)SGLT2-MAP17 complexed with five natural or synthetic inhibitors. The four synthetic inhibitors (including canagliflozin) bind the transporter in the outward conformations, while phlorizin binds it in the inward conformation. The phlorizin-hSGLT2 interaction exhibits biphasic kinetics, suggesting that phlorizin alternately binds to the extracellular and intracellular sides. The Na+-bound outward-facing and unbound inward-open structures of hSGLT2-MAP17 suggest that the MAP17-associated bundle domain functions as a scaffold, with the hash domain rotating around the Na+-binding site. Thus, Na+ binding stabilizes the outward-facing conformation, and its release promotes state transition to inward-open conformation, exhibiting a role of Na+ in symport mechanism. These results provide structural evidence for the Na+-coupled alternating-access mechanism proposed for the transporter family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masahiro Hiraizumi
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan.
- Department of Chemistry and Biotechnology, Graduate School of Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Tomoya Akashi
- DMPK Research Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Kouta Murasaki
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Kishida
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Taichi Kumanomidou
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Nao Torimoto
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Osamu Nureki
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.
| | - Ikuko Miyaguchi
- Discovery Technology Laboratories Sohyaku Innovative Research Division, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, Yokohama, Japan.
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Akashi T, Noguchi S, Takahashi Y, Nishimura T, Tomi M. L-type Amino Acid Transporter 1 (SLC7A5)-Mediated Transport of Pregabalin at the Rat Blood-Spinal Cord Barrier and its Sensitivity to Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acids. J Pharm Sci 2023; 112:1137-1144. [PMID: 36627052 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.12.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 12/27/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Pregabalin is an anti-neuropathic pain drug inhibiting the α2δ subunit of the voltage-dependent calcium channel in the spinal cord. The aim of this study is to characterize the transport mechanism of pregabalin at the blood-spinal cord barrier (BSCB) by means of in vivo experiments in rats and in vitro studies using primary-cultured rat spinal cord endothelial cells. We isolated endothelial cells by culturing rat spinal cord tissue in the presence of puromycin, and confirmed the expression of BSCB markers such as Cd31, Mdr1a, and Claudin-5. The uptake of pregabalin by primary-cultured rat spinal cord endothelial cells was sodium-independent and was significantly inhibited by L-leucine, 2-aminobicyclo-(2,2,1)-heptane-2-carboxylic acid, and JPH203. These results suggest the involvement of L-type amino acid transporter (LAT) 1. LAT1 mRNA and protein was expressed in primary-cultured rat spinal cord endothelial cells, which is consistent with LAT1 expression at the BSCB. In the in vivo study, the transfer of pregabalin to rat spinal cord and brain was significantly decreased by the pre-administration of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs), which are endogenous substrates of LAT1. Our results indicate that pregabalin transport across the BSCB is mediated at least in part by LAT1 and is inhibited by plasma BCAAs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoya Akashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Saki Noguchi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Yu Takahashi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Nishimura
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan
| | - Masatoshi Tomi
- Faculty of Pharmacy, Keio University, 1-5-30 Shibakoen, Minato-ku, Tokyo 105-8512, Japan.
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Fujitani N, Saito M, Akashi T, Morita M, So T, Oka K. Detection of Characteristic Phosphatidylcholine Containing Very Long Chain Fatty Acids in Cerebrospinal Fluid from Patients with X-Linked Adrenoleukodystrophy. Biol Pharm Bull 2022; 45:1725-1727. [DOI: 10.1248/bpb.b22-00506] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Naoki Fujitani
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
| | - Masayoshi Saito
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
| | - Tomoya Akashi
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics (DMPK) Research Laboratories, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
| | - Masashi Morita
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Takanori So
- Graduate School of Medicine and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Toyama
| | - Kozo Oka
- Sohyaku, Innovative Research Division, Research Unit/Neuroscience, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma Corporation
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Hagiwara A, Kamagata K, Shimoji K, Yokoyama K, Andica C, Hori M, Fujita S, Maekawa T, Irie R, Akashi T, Wada A, Suzuki M, Abe O, Hattori N, Aoki S. White Matter Abnormalities in Multiple Sclerosis Evaluated by Quantitative Synthetic MRI, Diffusion Tensor Imaging, and Neurite Orientation Dispersion and Density Imaging. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2019; 40:1642-1648. [PMID: 31515218 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a6209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2019] [Accepted: 07/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE A number of MR-derived quantitative metrics have been suggested to assess the pathophysiology of MS, but the reports about combined analyses of these metrics are scarce. Our aim was to assess the spatial distribution of parameters for white matter myelin and axon integrity in patients with relapsing-remitting MS by multiparametric MR imaging. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four patients with relapsing-remitting MS and 24 age- and sex-matched controls were prospectively scanned by quantitative synthetic and 2-shell diffusion MR imaging. Synthetic MR imaging data were used to retrieve relaxometry parameters (R1 and R2 relaxation rates and proton density) and myelin volume fraction. Diffusion tensor metrics (fractional anisotropy and mean, axial, and radial diffusivity) and neurite orientation and dispersion index metrics (intracellular volume fraction, isotropic volume fraction, and orientation dispersion index) were retrieved from diffusion MR imaging data. These data were analyzed using Tract-Based Spatial Statistics. RESULTS Patients with MS showed significantly lower fractional anisotropy and myelin volume fraction and higher isotropic volume fraction in widespread white matter areas. Areas with different isotropic volume fractions were included within areas with lower fractional anisotropy. Myelin volume fraction showed no significant difference in some areas with significantly decreased fractional anisotropy in MS, including in the genu of the corpus callosum and bilateral anterior corona radiata, whereas myelin volume fraction was significantly decreased in some areas where fractional anisotropy showed no significant difference, including the bilateral posterior limb of the internal capsule, external capsule, sagittal striatum, fornix, and uncinate fasciculus. CONCLUSIONS We found differences in spatial distribution of abnormality in fractional anisotropy, isotropic volume fraction, and myelin volume fraction distribution in MS, which might be useful for characterizing white matter in patients with MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hagiwara
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Radiology (A.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., O.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Kamagata
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
| | - K Shimoji
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Diagnostic Radiology (K.S.), Tokyo Metropolitan Geriatric Hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - K Yokoyama
- Neurology (K.Y., N.H.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - C Andica
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
| | - M Hori
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Radiology (M.H.), Toho University Omori Medical Center, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Fujita
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Radiology (A.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., O.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Maekawa
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Radiology (A.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., O.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - R Irie
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
- Department of Radiology (A.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., O.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - T Akashi
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
| | - A Wada
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
| | - M Suzuki
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
| | - O Abe
- Department of Radiology (A.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., O.A.), Graduate School of Medicine, University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - N Hattori
- Neurology (K.Y., N.H.), Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - S Aoki
- From the Departments of Radiology (A.H., K.K., K.S., C.A., M.H., S.F., T.M., R.I., T.A., A.W., M.S., S.A.)
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Yoshida K, Saku K, Kamada K, Abe K, Akashi T, Kishi T, Tsutsui H, Sunagawa K. 1205Vagal nerve stimulation restores autonomic balance, super-normalizes right ventricular function and prevents the worsening of right heart failure in chronic pulmonary arterial banding model rats. Eur Heart J 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehy565.1205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- K Yoshida
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Saku
- Kyushu University, Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Kamada
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Abe
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Akashi
- Kyushu University, Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - T Kishi
- Kyushu University, Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - H Tsutsui
- Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - K Sunagawa
- Kyushu University, Therapeutic Regulation of Cardiovascular Homeostasis, Center for Disruptive Cardiovascular Medicine, Fukuoka, Japan
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Yoshida K, Saku K, Kamada K, Abe K, Tanaka M, Akashi T, Kishi T, Sunagawa K, Tsutsui H. 5023Vagal nerve stimulation ameliorates severe pulmonary arterial hypertension via anti-inflammatory effects in rats. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx493.5023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sunagawa G, Saku K, Arimura T, Akashi T, Murayama Y, Sakamoto T, Kishi T, Sunagawa K, Tsutsui H. P1574Mechano-chronotropic unloading during the acute phase of myocardial infarction markedly reduces the infarct size and prevents the development of heart failure. Eur Heart J 2017. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/ehx502.p1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Mu P, Akashi T, Lu F, Kishida S, Kadomatsu K. A novel nuclear complex of DRR1, F-actin and COMMD1 involved in NF-κB degradation and cell growth suppression in neuroblastoma. Oncogene 2017; 36:5745-5756. [DOI: 10.1038/onc.2017.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2016] [Revised: 04/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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Takagi A, Nishimura T, Akashi T, Tomi M, Nakashima E. Contribution of equilibrative nucleoside transporter (ENT) 2 to fluorouracil transport in rat placental trophoblast cells. Drug Metab Pharmacokinet 2017; 32:151-156. [DOI: 10.1016/j.dmpk.2016.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2016] [Revised: 09/21/2016] [Accepted: 12/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Tomi M, Akashi T, Takagi Y, Nakashima E, Nishimura T. Subcellular localizations of efflux pumps, MDR1 and BCRP, in syncytiotrophoblast layers of rodent placenta. Placenta 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2016.08.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Nishimura S, Mizuno H, Akashi T, Takata T, Nakamura F, Goda F, Mihara C, Sato H, Kurihara M, Sasaki M. MON-P192: Clinical Usefulness of New Type Formulathat Features a State Change from Liquid to Semi-Solidified in the Stomach. Clin Nutr 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(16)30826-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Hashiguchi S, Yoshida H, Akashi T, Hirose A, Sugita C, Kurokawa M, Watanabe W. Effects of multi-walled carbon nanotubes on the pneumonia in respiratory syncytial virus-infected mice. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Taoka T, Fujioka M, Sakamoto M, Miyasaka T, Akashi T, Ochi T, Hori S, Uchikoshi M, Xu J, Kichikawa K. Time course of axial and radial diffusion kurtosis of white matter infarctions: period of pseudonormalization. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2014; 35:1509-14. [PMID: 24699091 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Diffusion kurtosis is a statistical measure for quantifying the deviation of the water diffusion profile from a Gaussian distribution. The current study evaluated the time course of diffusion kurtosis in patients with cerebral infarctions, including perforator, white matter, cortical, and watershed infarctions. MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects were 31 patients, representing 52 observations of lesions. The duration between the onset and imaging ranged from 3 hours to 122 days. Lesions were categorized into 4 groups listed above. Diffusion kurtosis images were acquired with b-values of 0, 1000, and 2000 s/mm(2) applied in 30 directions; variables including DWI signal, ADC, fractional anisotropy, radial diffusivity, axial diffusivity, radial kurtosis, and axial kurtosis, were obtained. The time courses of the relative values (lesion versus contralateral) for these variables were evaluated, and the pseudonormalization period was calculated. RESULTS Diffusion kurtosis was highest immediately after the onset of infarction. Trend curves showed that kurtosis decreased with time after onset. Pseudonormalization for radial/axial kurtosis occurred at 13.2/59.9 days for perforator infarctions, 33.1/40.6 days for white matter infarctions, 34.8/35.9 days for cortical infarctions, and 34.1/28.2 days after watershed infarctions. For perforator infarctions, pseudonormalization occurred in the following order: radial kurtosis, ADC, axial kurtosis, and DWI. CONCLUSIONS Diffusion kurtosis variables in lesions increased early after infarction and decreased with time. Information provided by diffusion kurtosis imaging, including axial and radial kurtosis, seems helpful in conducting a detailed evaluation of the age of infarction, in combination with T2WI, DWI, and ADC.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taoka
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | - M Fujioka
- Critical Care Medicine (M.F.), Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan
| | - M Sakamoto
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | - T Miyasaka
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | - T Akashi
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | - T Ochi
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | - S Hori
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
| | | | - J Xu
- Siemens Medical Solutions USA (J.X.), New York, New York
| | - K Kichikawa
- From the Department of Radiology (T.T., M.S., T.M., T.A., T.O., S.H., K.K.)
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Saku K, Kakino T, Sakamoto K, Sakamoto T, Akashi T, Hata Y, Kishi T, Ide T, Sunagawa K. Total unloading of the Left Ventricle by circulatory Assist Device (LVAD) strikingly reduces the infract size in ischemia-reperfusion injury. Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht309.3692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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16
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Kakino T, Sakamoto K, Saku K, Sakamoto T, Akashi T, Oga Y, Nishizaki A, Kishi T, Ide T, Sunagawa K. Prediction of hemodynamic impact of the venoarterial Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO). Eur Heart J 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/eurheartj/eht310.p5456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Sugawara E, Yamamoto K, Umeda S, Suzuki S, Kurata M, Endo Y, Uchibori K, Akashi T, Inase N, Kitagawa M. Giant cell carcinoma causing rapidly progressive respiratory failure as the presenting feature of AIDS. Int J STD AIDS 2012; 23:e7-8. [PMID: 22844020 DOI: 10.1258/ijsa.2009.009519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The incidence of lung cancer has been increasing among HIV-positive patients. The majority of these cases were in patients previously diagnosed as HIV-positive and treated with highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART). Here, we report a 56-year-old male patient with lung cancer, who was diagnosed as HIV-positive after the onset of neck pain and lumbago and thus, was not treated with anti-AIDS therapy. The patient developed rapidly progressive and fatal respiratory failure. Autopsy demonstrated giant cell carcinoma of the lung responsible for carcinomatous lymphangitis. This case highlighted the possibility that pulmonary carcinogenesis in HIV-positive patients is not necessarily associated with HAART therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Sugawara
- Department of Comprehensive Pathology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, Tokyo, Japan
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Taoka T, Aida N, Ochi T, Takahashi Y, Akashi T, Miyasaka T, Iwamura A, Sakamoto M, Kichikawa K. Transient hyperintensity in the subthalamic nucleus and globus pallidus of newborns on T1-weighted images. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2011; 32:1130-7. [PMID: 21511869 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a2451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE In the brains of newborns, changes in signal intensity in most structures can be explained by the development of myelination. However, there are some structures for which signal intensity changes cannot be accounted for by myelination alone. We examined the STN and globus pallidus signal intensities and tried to determine whether a relationship exists between the signal intensity and the postnatal age or the gestational age at the examination. MATERIALS AND METHODS We examined T1WI and T2WI obtained from 79 neonates who showed normal development at their 2-year follow-up examinations. We performed both qualitative and quantitative (signal intensity ratio to the thalamus) evaluation of the STN and globus pallidus signals, and we examined the correlation between signal intensity changes and the age of neonates. RESULTS With increasing postnatal age at examination, the high signal intensity on the T1WI for both STN and globus pallidus diminished. Although the disappearance of this hyperintensity was well correlated with the postnatal age at examination for both the qualitative and quantitative studies, there was no correlation with gestational age at examination. For the T2WI, there was no correlation with either the postnatal age or the gestational age at examination. CONCLUSIONS Signal intensity on T1WI in the STN and globus pallidus is not related to the gestational age at examination; instead, signal intensities on T1WI seem to be more dependent upon the postnatal age at examination.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taoka
- Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Japan.
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Suzuki M, Niimi A, Limsirichaikul S, Tomida S, Huang QM, Izuta S, Usukura J, Itoh Y, Hishida T, Akashi T, Nakagawa Y, Kikuchi A, Pavlov Y, Murate T, Takahashi T. PCNA Mono-Ubiquitination and Activation of Translesion DNA Polymerases by DNA Polymerase. J Biochem 2010. [DOI: 10.1093/jb/mvq059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Takayama K, Nakagawa H, Taoka T, Miyouchin K, Wada T, Sakamoto M, Miyasaka T, Akashi T, Kichikawa K, Kurokawa S. O-003 Prediction of periprocedual ischemic complication in carotid artery stenting with filter embolic protection device: feasibility of MR plaque imaging. J Neurointerv Surg 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnis.2010.003244.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Toru S, Uchihara T, Akashi T, Kobayashi T. Minimal cytological changes of progressive supranuclear palsy type in clinically possible progressive supranuclear palsy. Eur Neurol 2010; 63:122-5. [PMID: 20110714 DOI: 10.1159/000277610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2009] [Accepted: 11/17/2009] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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Katsuta H, Akashi T, Katsuta R, Nagaya M, Kim D, Arinobu Y, Hara M, Bonner-Weir S, Sharma AJ, Akashi K, Weir GC. Single pancreatic beta cells co-express multiple islet hormone genes in mice. Diabetologia 2010; 53:128-38. [PMID: 19851748 PMCID: PMC2789931 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1570-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2009] [Accepted: 09/08/2009] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS It is widely accepted that production of insulin, glucagon, somatostatin and pancreatic polypeptide in islet cells is specific to beta, alpha, delta and pancreatic polypeptide cells, respectively. We examined whether beta cells express other genes encoding islet hormones. METHODS Nested RT-PCR was performed on single beta cells of transgenic mice with green fluorescent protein (GFP) driven by mouse insulin I promoter (MIP-GFP). RESULTS Only 55% of adult beta cells expressed the insulin gene alone, while others expressed two or more islet hormone genes; 4% expressed all four hormone genes. In embryonic and neonatal cells, 60% to 80% of GFP(+) cells co-expressed pancreatic polypeptide and insulin genes in contrast to 29% in adult. To clarify cell fate, we conducted lineage tracing using rat insulin II promoter-cre mice crossed with reporter mice Gt(ROSA)26Sor-loxP-flanked STOP-cassette-GFP. All GFP(+) cells expressed insulin I and II genes, and showed similar heterogeneity of co-expression to that seen in MIP-GFP mice. Although we report expression of other hormone genes in a significant proportion of beta cells, our lineage tracing results demonstrate that after inducing InsII (also known as Ins2) expression, beta cell progenitors do not redifferentiate to non-beta cells. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION This study shows co-expression of multiple hormone genes in beta cells of adult mice as well as in embryos and neonates. This finding could: (1) represent residual expression from beta cell precursors; (2) result from alternative developmental pathways for beta cells; or (3) denote the differentiation potential of these cells. It may be linked to functional heterogeneity. This heterogeneity in gene expression may provide a means to characterise the functional, cellular and developmental heterogeneity seen in beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Katsuta
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - T. Akashi
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - R. Katsuta
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - M. Nagaya
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - D. Kim
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Y. Arinobu
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - M. Hara
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL USA
| | - S. Bonner-Weir
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - A. J. Sharma
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - K. Akashi
- Department of Cancer Immunology and AIDS, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA USA
| | - G. C. Weir
- Section on Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, One Joslin Place, Boston, MA 02215 USA
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Fuse H, Akashi T, Mizuno I, Nozaki T, Watanabe A. POSTOPERATIVE CHANGES OF SPERM CHROMATIN HETEROGENEITY, USING ACRIDINE ORANGE STAINING, IN VARICOCELE PATIENTS. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2009; 52:223-6. [PMID: 16574605 DOI: 10.1080/01485010500428397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate postoperative changes in sperm chromatin heterogeneity in varicocele patients. In 15 infertile patients with varicocele, sperm parameters including concentration, motility, and morphology were evaluated before and after surgical correction of varicocele. Sperm motion analysis using computer-assisted semen analyzer (CASA) was also performed. To analyze the sperm nuclear proteins, the acridine orange staining method was used. On semen analysis, sperm concentration and motility significantly increased after surgery (p = 0.002, p = 0.003, respectively), although sperm morphology was unaltered postoperatively. CASA parameters, including velocity, linearity, amplitude of lateral head displacement and beat cross frequency were unaltered postoperatively. On the other hand, acridine orange staining significantly increased postoperatively (p = 0.002). Varicocele influences the sperm chromatin condition, as well as sperm concentration and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fuse
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, National University Corporation, University of Toyama, Toyama, Japan.
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Taoka T, Morikawa M, Akashi T, Miyasaka T, Nakagawa H, Kiuchi K, Kishimoto T, Kichikawa K. Fractional anisotropy--threshold dependence in tract-based diffusion tensor analysis: evaluation of the uncinate fasciculus in Alzheimer disease. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2009; 30:1700-3. [PMID: 19541775 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a1698] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Tract-based analysis can be used to investigate required tracts extracted from other fiber tracts. However, the fractional anisotropy (FA) threshold influences tractography analysis. The current study evaluated the influence of the FA threshold in measuring diffusion tensor parameters for tract-based analysis of the uncinate fasciculus in subjects with Alzheimer disease (AD). MATERIALS AND METHODS Subjects included 30 patients with AD and 10 healthy controls. We acquired tractographies of the uncinate fasciculus by using different FA thresholds. We measured mean FA and the apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) along the uncinate fasciculus for different FA thresholds and evaluated the correlation between diffusion tensor parameters (FA, ADC) and the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scores. RESULTS The uncinate fasciculus showed lower mean FA and higher mean ADC values in cases with more severe AD. A higher FA threshold led to a lower mean ADC value and a higher mean FA value along the uncinate fasciculus, whereas the relative order of measured values according to the severity of AD was not influenced by the FA threshold. An FA threshold of 0.2 showed higher correlation between mean ADC values and MMSE scores. FA thresholds of 0.15 and 0.20 showed higher correlation between mean FA values and MMSE scores. CONCLUSIONS Appropriate selection of the FA threshold leads to higher correlation between diffusion tensor parameters and the severity of AD. For tract-based analysis of degenerative diseases such as AD, appropriate selection of the FA threshold for tractography is important.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Taoka
- Department of Radiology, Nara Medical University, Nara, Japan.
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Taoka T, Hirabayashi H, Nakagawa H, Sakamoto M, Akashi T, Miyasaka T, Kichikawa K. Displacement of the Facial Nerve Course by Vestibular Schwannoma: Preoperative Visualization Using Diffusion Tensor Tractography. Skull Base 2009. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2009-1222351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Kikugawa R, Katsuta H, Akashi T, Yatoh S, Weir GC, Sharma A, Bonner-Weir S. Differentiation of COPAS-sorted non-endocrine pancreatic cells into insulin-positive cells in the mouse. Diabetologia 2009; 52:645-52. [PMID: 19183938 PMCID: PMC4336153 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-009-1260-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2008] [Accepted: 12/17/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The regenerative process in the pancreas is of particular interest, since insulin-producing beta cells are lost in diabetes. Differentiation of new beta cells from pancreatic non-endocrine cells has been reported in vivo and in vitro, a finding that implies the existence of pancreatic stem/progenitor cells. However, while tissue-specific stem cells are well documented in skin, intestine and testis, pancreatic stem cells have been elusive. We hypothesised that pancreatic stem/progenitor cells within the non-endocrine fraction could be a source of new islets in vitro. METHODS To test if there were such cells within the pancreas, we generated pancreatic cell aggregates from tissue remaining after islet isolation from mouse insulin promoter 1-green fluorescent protein (MIP-GFP) mice. To eliminate any contamination of insulin-positive cells, we deleted all GFP-positive aggregates using COPAS Select and cultured with Matrigel. Immunohistochemistry, quantitative real-time PCR and single-cell nested RT-PCR were performed to confirm formation of insulin-producing cells. RESULTS The GFP-negative cells were expanded as monolayers and then differentiated into three-dimensional cystic structures. After 1 week of culture, GFP-positive cells were found as clusters or single cells. By quantitative real-time PCR, no insulin mRNA was detected immediately after COPAS sorting, but after differentiation insulin mRNA of the whole preparation was 1.91 +/- 0.31% that of purified MIP-GFP beta cells. All GFP-positive cells expressed insulin 1; most expressed insulin 2, pancreas duodenum homeobox-1 and cytokeratin 19 by single cell nested RT-PCR. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data support the concept that within the exocrine (acinar and ductal) pancreas of the adult mouse there are cells that can give rise to insulin-positive cells in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Kikugawa
- Section of Islet Transplantation and Cell Biology, Joslin Diabetes Center, 1 Joslin Place, Boston, MA, 02215, USA
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Nakamura H, Dan S, Akashi T, Okui M, Katayose Y, Ishikawa Y, Unno M, Yamori T. 387 POSTER Ectopic expression of PIK3CD in human cancer cell lines and human lung carcinoma. EJC Suppl 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s1359-6349(07)70405-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Kinoshita T, Shien T, Terada K, Yoshida M, Nakano E, Akashi T, Hojo T, Seki K. P69 Sentinel lymph node biopsy is feasible for breast cancer patients with clinically negative axillary lymph nodes after neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Breast 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0960-9776(07)70134-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
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Ogawa J, Harigai M, Akashi T, Nagasaka K, Suzuki F, Tominaga S, Miyasaka N. Exacerbation of chronic active Epstein-Barr virus infection in a patient with rheumatoid arthritis receiving humanised anti-interleukin-6 receptor monoclonal antibody. Ann Rheum Dis 2006; 65:1667-9. [PMID: 17105857 PMCID: PMC1798471 DOI: 10.1136/ard.2006.054197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Akashi T, Watanabe A, Morii A, Mizuno I, Fuse H. UP-01.18. Urology 2006. [DOI: 10.1016/j.urology.2006.08.656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Sasaki T, Yamamoto K, Akashi T. Granular cell tumour arising from the Kiesselbach's area of the nasal septum. J Laryngol Otol 2006; 121:170-3. [PMID: 17059623 DOI: 10.1017/s002221510600394x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
An extremely rare case of a granular cell tumour arising from the right Kiesselbach's area (Little's area) of the nasal septum is reported. A 69-year-old Japanese woman consulted our clinic and her chief complaints were of continuous serous discharge, stuffiness and occasional slight bleeding from the right nasal cavity. Fibrescopy showed a multilocular mass, which was provisionally considered a nasal polyp. Surgical excision was attempted. During surgery, the tumour shrank markedly following local application of adrenaline, suggestive of hypervascularity. The tumour was successfully excised by careful dissection after cauterisation of the mucosa surrounding the tumour. Histopathological examination revealed morphological features of granular cell tumour immunopositive for S-100 protein. This is the first report of granular cell tumour arising from the Kiesselbach's area in the English literature. The eccentric behaviour of the tumour and the management of a granular cell tumour arising from this area are discussed, together with a literature review.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Sasaki
- Department of Otolaryngology, Tokyo-Kita Social Insurance Hospital, Kita-ku, Tokyo, Japan.
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Akashi T, Mizuno I, Okumura A, Fuse H. Usefulness of sperm quality analyzer-V (SQA-V) for the assessment of sperm quality in infertile men. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2005; 51:437-42. [PMID: 16214729 DOI: 10.1080/014850190959081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to evaluate the correlation of new of Sperm Quality Analyzer (SQA-V) with the computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA) and manual semen analysis estimates. One hundred five fresh semen samples were analyzed using SQA-V and CASA and manual semen analysis. Significant correlations of sperm concentration (p < 0.0001), sperm motility (p < 0.0001), and normal morphology (p < 0.0001) were observed between SQA-V variables and manual semen analysis estimates. There also were significant correlations of sperm concentration (p < 0.0001), sperm motility (p < 0.0001), and sperm velocity (p = 0.0235) between SQA-V variables and CASA estimates. Meanwhile, it did not correlate with amplitude of lateral head displacement, beat cross frequency, lineality assessed by CASA. The value of the sperm concentration and the sperm motility measured by SQA-V showed high correlations with the value of those measured by CASA and manual semen analysis. In addition, velocity and sperm morphology may also be evaluated to some extent using SQA-V.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Akashi
- Department of Urology,Faculty of Medicine, National University Corporation, Toyama Medical andPharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
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Michiue Y, Yamamoto A, Onoda M, Sato A, Akashi T, Yamane H, Goto T. Incommensurate crystallographic shear structure of Ba xBi 2-2xTi 4-xO 11-4x( x= 0.275). Acta Crystallogr A 2005. [DOI: 10.1107/s0108767305098727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
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Nakamura Y, Takeuchi H, Okuyama K, Akashi T, Jojima Y, Konno O, Akashi I, Hama K, Iwahori T, Ashizawa T, Hirano T, Oka K, Matsuno N, Nagao T. Evaluation of Appropriate Blood Level in Continuous Intravenous Infusion From Trough Concentrations After Oral Administration Based on Area Under Trough Level in Tacrolimus and Cyclosporine Therapy. Transplant Proc 2005; 37:1725-7. [PMID: 15919445 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2005.02.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The target blood concentrations of tacrolimus (TAC) and cyclosporine (CYA) during continuous intravenous infusion (C(ss)) have been determined based on clinical experience. However, it is desirable that C(ss) should be set so that the AUC after intravenous infusion is equal to the AUC after oral administration (AUC(po)). Accordingly, we performed 12-hour monitoring of blood concentrations to calculate C(ss) from the blood trough levels (C(TL)) on 15 kidney recipients administered TAC and 12 recipients administered CYA (Neoral). We used an area under the trough level (AUTL) as a new pharmacokinetic parameter. The C(ss) was evaluated from C(TL), AUC(po), and AUTL was calculated to be C(ss) = C(TL) x (AUC(po)/AUTL). In addition, AUTL/AUC(po) ratio and blood peak/trough level ratio (C(max)/C(min)) were examined to compare pharmacokinetics of TAC and CYA. The formula for TAC was C(ss) = C(TL) x 1.40 and that for CYA, C(ss) = C(TL) x 2.55. The calculated target C(ss) of TAC was 1.40 times that of C(TL), which was similar to the present clinical C(TL). In contrast, the calculated target C(ss) of CYA was 2.55 times the C(TL), and therefore an extremely high C(ss) was necessary to obtain a sufficient AUC that will be available after oral administration. Consequently, intravenous administration of CYA twice a day was considered to be more appropriate to obtain sufficient CYA pharmacokinetics, rather than a continuous intravenous administration. We conclude that the formula, C(ss) = C(TL) x (AUC(po)/AUTL) was useful to calculate the target blood concentration of calcineurin inhibitors when changing from continuous intravenous infusion to oral administration of these drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nakamura
- The 5TH Department of Surgery, Hachioji Medical Center, Tokyo Medical University, Tokyo, Japan
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Abstract
Two hundred and seven patients with male infertility were investigated. Total sperm concentration and percent progressive motility by SQA IIB showed high correlations with those of conventional manual method. Percent of normal morphology showed a significant correlation among these techniques. The sperm motility index (SMI) and total functional sperm concentration (TFSC) demonstrated high correlations with any variables of manual analysis. Only velocity and amplitude of lateral head displacement showed significant correlations with the variables obtained by SQA IIB, especially with SMI and TFSC. It was suggested that SQA IIB could be a useful instrument in the clinical practice of infertility as a screening test for semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fuse
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Toyama, Japan.
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Abstract
Twenty-two idiopathic infertile patients were treated with Oriental herbal medicine, Bu-zhong-yi-qi-tang (Hochu-ekki-to). Seminal plasma sFas level elevated significantly after herb administration. There was an inverse correlation between seminal plasma IL-6 level and sperm concentration before treatment. After the administration of herb seminal plasma, sFas levels significantly correlated with sperm concentration. Seminal plasma IL-8 level did not change. Certain kinds of cytokine in the seminal plasma might play some role in improving semen quality with treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furuya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Abstract
The seminal plasma levels of soluble Fas (sFas) and interleukins IL-6 and IL-8 were measured and their relationship with semen qualities was examined. The seminal plasma sFas level in fertile males was significantly higher than that in the infertile group. On the other hand, seminal plasma level of IL-6 was significantly lower in fertile males than in the infertile group. In the infertile group, patients with oligozoospermia had a lower seminal plasma sFas and a higher IL-6 level than those with normal sperm concentration. There was an inverse correlation between IL-6 and sperm concentration in infertile patients. Seminal plasma IL-8 was not correlated with sperm parameters. It would appear that certain kinds of cytokine in the seminal plasma might play an important role in improving semen quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Furuya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan
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Abstract
Laparoscopy revealed a left inguinal testis and a right abdominal testis. Surgery revealed uterus-like structures. The bilateral testes showed primitive testis without ovarian tissue. Physical examination showed a normal and an empty scrotum with a nonpalpable gonad. Chromosome analysis revealed 46,XY. Pathological findings demonstrated the immature testis and the immature uterus.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Nishio
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Isomoto H, Maeda T, Akashi T, Tsuchiya T, Kawaguchi Y, Sawayama Y, Koida S, Ohnita K, Kohno S, Tomonaga M. Multiple lymphomatous polyposis of the colon originating from T-cells: a case report. Dig Liver Dis 2004; 36:218-21. [PMID: 15046193 DOI: 10.1016/j.dld.2003.09.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Multiple lymphomatous polyposis is an unusual form of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma characterised by myriad polyps throughout the alimentary tract. Most multiple lymphomatous polyposis cases are derived from B-cell, and there has been little information on multiple lymphomatous polyposis of T-cell origin. A 67-year-old Japanese man presented with lower abdominal pain and diarrhoea of 4-week duration. Colonoscopy revealed numerous small umbilicated polyps and several raised erosions in the colorectum. Biopsy specimens showed diffuse proliferation of lymphoma cells negative for B-cell markers but positive for T-cell markers. Polymerase chain reaction using extracted chromosomal deoxyribonucleic acid from paraffin-embedded samples identified T-cell receptor gamma and delta gene recombination. The patient was treated with combined chemotherapy, leading to complete resolution of the lesions.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Isomoto
- Department of Endoscopy, Nagasaki University School of Medicine, 1-7-1 Sakamoto, Nagasaki 852-8102, Japan.
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Fuse H, Mizuno I, Iwasaki M, Akashi T. Transurethral treatment of ejaculatory duct obstruction in infertile men. Arch Androl 2003; 49:429-31. [PMID: 14619943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023]
Abstract
Ten cases of ejaculatory duct obstruction with midline cyst, complaining of male infertility, were treated with transurethral incision. They had azoospermia or oligozoospermia, and physical examination did not show any abnormal findings. Serum levels of testosterone, LH, and FSH were within normal limits. The diagnosis of ejaculatory duct obstruction with midline cyst was made by transurethral ultrasonography and vasography. Thereafter, patients underwent transurethral incision of the verumontanum with a cold knife. Semen volume increased in all patients, and sperm concentration and/or motility improved in 7 patients (70%). Pregnancy was achieved by 3 couples (30%). Incision of the ejaculatory duct via an endoscopic technique could improve seminal findings and subsequent fertility.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fuse
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani 2630, Toyama 930-0194, Japan.
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Fuse H, Akashi T, Yasuda K, Mizuno I. Tubularized incised plate urethroplasty for distal hypospadia, using overlapping dorsal subcutaneous flaps. Int Urol Nephrol 2003; 34:535-7. [PMID: 14577500 DOI: 10.1023/a:1025610800998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
This paper presents a newly developed simple procedure using overlapping vascularized dorsal dartos subcutaneous flaps to cover the neourethra after hypospadias correction. A 3-year old boy with distal hypospadias underwent the tubularized incised plate urethroplasty using this method. Postoperative complications, which include urethrocutaneous fistula, were not observed, but the glans did exhibit a vertical, slit-like meatus. Covering the neourethra with overlapping dorsal dartos flaps is expected to prevent the development of urethrocutaneous fistula in patients with distal hypospadias.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Fuse
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Sugitani, Toyama, Japan.
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42
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Kim KH, Kanbe T, Akashi T, Mizuguchi I, Kikuchi A. Identification of a single nuclear localization signal in the C-terminal domain of an Aspergillus DNA topoisomerase II. Mol Genet Genomics 2002; 268:287-97. [PMID: 12436251 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-002-0758-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2002] [Accepted: 09/12/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
DNA topoisomerase II (topo II) is a major nuclear protein that plays an important role in DNA metabolism. We have isolated the gene for topo II ( TOP2) from the filamentous fungus Aspergillus terreus. The deduced amino acid sequence revealed that topo II consists of 1,587 amino acids and has a calculated molecular weight of 180 kDa; the protein expressed in Escherichia coli has an estimated molecular weight of 185 kDa. Expression of topo II polypeptides tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP) in budding yeast suggests that the C-terminal region of the topo II is essential for transport of the fusion protein into the nucleus. The nuclear localization signal (NLS) sequence of topo II is a non-classical bipartite type containing two interdependent, positively charged clusters separated by 15 amino acids. Alanine scanning mutagenesis and deletion analyses showed further that a stretch of 23 amino acid residues (positions 1,234-1,256) is necessary for nuclear import. In addition, we confirmed, using co-immunoprecipitation and two-hybrid analysis, that this non-classical NLS interacts with importin alpha in budding yeast. These results suggest that the fungal topo II NLS is functional in yeast cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- K-H Kim
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Research Institute of Disease Mechanisms and Control, Nagoya University School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 466-8550 Japan
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43
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Tonomura A, Kasai H, Kamimura O, Matsuda T, Harada K, Yoshida T, Akashi T, Shimoyama J, Kishio K, Hanaguri T, Kitazawa K, Masui T, Tajima S, Koshizuka N, Gammel PL, Bishop D, Sasase M, Okayasu S. Observation of structures of chain vortices inside anisotropic high- Tc superconductors. Phys Rev Lett 2002; 88:237001. [PMID: 12059390 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.88.237001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2002] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
In order to elucidate the formation mechanism of unconventional arrangements of vortices in high- Tc superconducting thin films at an inclined magnetic field to the layer plane, we investigated the structures of vortex lines inside the films by Lorentz microscopy using our 1-MV field-emission electron microscope. Our observation results concluded that vortex lines are tilted to form linear chains in YBaCu3O(7,8). Vortex lines in the chain-lattice state in Bi2Sr2CaCu2O(8+delta), on the other hand, are all perpendicular to the layer plane, and therefore only vortices lined up along Josephson vortices form chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Tonomura
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi, Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan.
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44
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Shiraishi J, Utsuyama M, Akashi T, Nemoto T, Ohashi K, Akamatsu H, Sunamori M, Kitagawa M, Hirokawa K. Immunohistological analysis of thymoma by molecules differentially expressed in the thymic cortex and medulla, and its application in the differential diagnosis of thymoma from esophageal and lung cancer. Pathol Res Pract 2002; 197:611-9. [PMID: 11569925 DOI: 10.1078/0344-0338-00135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to verify the WHO classification of thymic tumors using immunohistological methods, and to discover whether these methods can be applied to differentiate thymoma from squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) of the esophagus and the lung. Twenty-nine thymoma cases were classified according to WHO and were then immunohistologically examined for the positivity of these molecules. All thymoma cases investigated in this study were positive for IL-1R, and most of them were also positive for bek. In contrast, UH-1 was highly positive in B1 and B2 type thymomas, but negative or weakly positive in A, AB and B3 type thymomas. Twelve esophageal cancers and 21 lung cancers were also examined for the positivity of the same molecules. All esophageal cancers were negative for UH-1. Three of 12 cases were weakly positive for IL-1R, and four of these 12 cases were also weakly positive for bek. Twelve of 21 lung cancer cases were adenocarcinomas, all of them negative for IL-1R, bek and UH-1. Nine of 21 lung cancer cases were SCCs, all of them negative for UH-1. Eight of nine SCC cases were strongly positive for IL-1R, while seven of these were weakly positive for bek. We conclude that the WHO classification of thymic tumors is still valid as demonstrated by immunohistological analysis and that the positivity of UH-1, IL- 1R and bek might be helpful in differentiating thymoma from SCC of the esophagus and the lung.
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MESH Headings
- Adenocarcinoma/chemistry
- Adenocarcinoma/metabolism
- Adenocarcinoma/pathology
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/immunology
- Antigens, Neoplasm/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/analysis
- Biomarkers, Tumor/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/chemistry
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Squamous Cell/pathology
- Child, Preschool
- Diagnosis, Differential
- Esophageal Neoplasms/chemistry
- Esophageal Neoplasms/metabolism
- Esophageal Neoplasms/pathology
- Humans
- Infant
- Lung Neoplasms/chemistry
- Lung Neoplasms/metabolism
- Lung Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/analysis
- Receptor, Fibroblast Growth Factor, Type 2
- Receptors, Fibroblast Growth Factor/analysis
- Receptors, Interleukin-1/analysis
- Thymoma/chemistry
- Thymoma/classification
- Thymoma/metabolism
- Thymoma/pathology
- Thymus Gland/embryology
- Thymus Gland/metabolism
- Thymus Gland/pathology
- Thymus Neoplasms/chemistry
- Thymus Neoplasms/classification
- Thymus Neoplasms/metabolism
- Thymus Neoplasms/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- J Shiraishi
- Department of Pathology and Immunology, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School, Japan
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Matsuda T, Kamimura O, Kasai H, Harada K, Yoshida T, Akashi T, Tonomura A, Nakayama Y, Shimoyama J, Kishio K, Hanaguri T, Kitazawa K. Oscillating rows of vortices in superconductors. Science 2001; 294:2136-8. [PMID: 11739950 DOI: 10.1126/science.1065968] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Superconductors can be used as dissipation-free electrical conductors as long as vortices are pinned. Vortices in high-temperature superconductors, however, behave anomalously, reflecting the anisotropic layered structure, and can move readily, thus preventing their practical use. Specifically, in a magnetic field tilted toward the layer plane, a special vortex arrangement (chain-lattice state) is formed. Real-time observation of vortices using high-resolution Lorentz microscopy revealed that the images of chain vortices begin to disappear at a much lower temperature, Td, than the superconducting transition temperature, Tc. We attribute this image disappearance to the longitudinal oscillation of vortices along the chains.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Matsuda
- Advanced Research Laboratory, Hitachi Ltd., Hatoyama, Saitama 350-0395, Japan
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46
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Fuse H, Akashi T. [Precocious puberty]. Nihon Rinsho 2001; 59 Suppl 8:17-23. [PMID: 11808223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H Fuse
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, Toyama Medical and Pharmaceutical University
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47
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Abstract
Mammalian topoisomerase II isoforms alpha and beta are diverged in their C-terminal domain (CTD), but both isoforms complement the yeast top2 mutation. In this study, mammalian topoisomerase IIalpha-CTD and IIbeta-CTD were tagged with yellow fluorescent protein (YFP), expressed in yeast cells, and their localization was examined. YFP tagged-topoisomerase IIalpha-CTD was distributed evenly throughout the nucleus, while YFP tagged-topoisomerase IIbeta-CTD was sequestered into a subnuclear compartment. Deletion analysis revealed that two regions (amino acids 1207-1234 and 1513-1573) of the topoisomerase IIbeta-CTD are essential for specific localization of the beta isoform: if either of the two regions is removed, the mutant topoisomerase IIbeta-CTD distributes evenly throughout the nucleus. The data suggest that yeast cells distinguish the nuclear and subnuclear localization signals associated with these two mammalian topoisomerase II isoforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Sakaguchi
- Laboratory of Medical Mycology, Institute for Disease Mechanism and Control, University of Nagoya School and Faculty of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Nagoya, Showa-ku, 466-8550, Japan
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Nagate T, Akashi T, Numata K, Sugita K, Kaneda Y, Matsuyama M, Saito H, Nozawa M, Onodera A, Hanada K, Kobori T, Fujita M, Yamamoto R, Hiyama T, Kondo K. In vitro and in vivo antibacterial activity and pharmacokinetics of SC-002 and its derivative, SC-004: new oral cephalosporins. Chemotherapy 2001; 47:157-69. [PMID: 11306784 DOI: 10.1159/000063217] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
SC-002 is a novel oral cephalosporin possessing a unique thiadiazolylethenyl moiety at the 3 position. In the present study, it was the most active against gram-positive bacteria among oral cephalosporins such as cefdinir (CFDN), cefpodoxime, cefditoren and cefaclor (CCL). It was equal to or 16 times more active than CFDN against standard and clinical strains. In particular, against clinical isolates of Morganella morganii and Haemophilus influenzae, SC-002 was 8-64 times more active than CFDN. The antibacterial activity of SC-002 against some beta-lactam-resistant strains was superior to that of CFDN. The in vivo antibacterial activity of SC-004, a pivaloyloxymethyl ester of SC-002, was 1.2-8 times more protective against systemic infections due to Streptococcus pneumoniae, Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae than that of CFDN. The therapeutic effects of SC-004 on experimental respiratory tract infections caused by S. pneumoniae or H. influenzae were superior to those of CFDN and CCL. SC-004 showed higher and longer-lasting blood levels and higher urinary excretion in pharmacokinetics in mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Nagate
- Medicinal Research Laboratories, Taisho Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd., Saitama, Japan.
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49
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Nonomura Y, Yasumoto M, Yoshimura R, Haraguchi K, Ito S, Akashi T, Ohashi I. Relationship between bone marrow cellularity and apparent diffusion coefficient. J Magn Reson Imaging 2001; 13:757-60. [PMID: 11329198 DOI: 10.1002/jmri.1105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 168] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was performed to determine if there is a relationship between apparent diffusion coefficient (ADC) and cellularity of bone marrow of the posterior ilium. Four groups of various marrow cellularity underwent diffusion-weighted echo-planar imaging: 1) adults with normal hypocellularity (21 patients); 2) adults with normal normocellularity (13 patients); 3) young children with normal hypercellularity (5 patients); and 4) adults with lymphoma-related hypercellularity (3 patients). In all adults, marrow cellularity was confirmed by uni-or bilateral bone marrow biopsies. In children, the iliac marrow was presumed hypercellular because of their ages. A total of 66 ADC values of bone marrow calculated from diffusion-weighted images with b-values of 30 and 300 seconds/mm(2) was evaluated. Hypercellular marrow (normal and lymphoma-related) showed the highest mean ADC, and hypocellular the lowest ADC. Statistically significant differences were found between three groups of normal marrow: hypocellular, normocellular, and hypercellular. There is a positive correlation between ADC and cellularity of bone marrow. J. Magn. Reson. Imaging 2001;13:757-760.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Nonomura
- Department of Radiology, Faculty of Medicine, Tokyo Medical and Dental University, 1-5-45 Yushima, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8519, Japan.
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50
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Yamanaka K, Sakai S, Nomura F, Akashi T, Usui T. [A nutritional investigation of homeless patients with tuberculosis]. Kekkaku 2001; 76:363-70. [PMID: 11398327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/16/2023]
Abstract
A retrospective case-control study was performed with TB patients who were admitted to our hospital over the two years from Jan. 1997 to Dec. 1998 and healthy men who underwent a health screening in April 2000 in the same hospital. Thirty-two non-homeless TB patients (the first control group) and 32 healthy men (the second control group) were matched with 32 homeless TB patients according to age. All 3 groups were male. Total protein, albumin, cholesterol, cholinesterase, hemoglobin level and lymphocyte count on admission were significantly lower in the homeless patients than in the non-homeless patients and healthy men. Albumin, cholesterol, cholinesterase, hemoglobin level, white blood cell count and lymphocyte count on admission were significantly lower in non-homeless patients than healthy men. Height, weight and body mass index were significantly lower in the homeless patients than in the healthy men. However, there were no significant differences in these body characteristics between the homeless and non-homeless patients. Twenty-five percent of homeless patients died during hospitalization, compared with 6.3 percent of non-homeless patients. Lymphocyte counts among homeless patients who died during hospitalization were significantly lower than among those who survived during hospitalization. Total protein, albumin, cholesterol, cholinesterase, hemoglobin level and weight were lower in patients who died than in those who survived, although the differences were statistically not significant.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Yamanaka
- Nagoya City Central School of Nursing, Japan
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