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Scaife K, Taylor SL, Pařenicová L, Goodman RE, Vo TD, Leune E, Abdelmoteleb M, Dommels Y. In silico evaluation of the potential allergenicity of a fungal biomass from Rhizomucor pusillus for use as a novel food ingredient. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2024; 150:105629. [PMID: 38657894 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2024.105629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
The world's hunger for novel food ingredients drives the development of safe, sustainable, and nutritious novel food products. For foods containing novel proteins, potential allergenicity of the proteins is a key safety consideration. One such product is a fungal biomass obtained from the fermentation of Rhizomucor pusillus. The annotated whole genome sequence of this strain was subjected to sequence homology searches against the AllergenOnline database (sliding 80-amino acid windows and full sequence searches). In a stepwise manner, proteins were designated as potentially allergenic and were further compared to proteins from commonly consumed foods and from humans. From the sliding 80-mer searches, 356 proteins met the conservative >35% Codex Alimentarius threshold, 72 of which shared ≥50% identity over the full sequence. Although matches were identified between R. pusillus proteins and proteins from allergenic food sources, the matches were limited to minor allergens from these sources, and they shared a greater degree of sequence homology with those from commonly consumed foods and human proteins. Based on the in silico analysis and a literature review for the source organism, the risk of allergenic cross-reactivity of R. pusillus is low.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Scaife
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada.
| | - Steve L Taylor
- Taylor Consulting LLC, 941 Evergreen Drive, Lincoln, NE, 68510, USA
| | - Lucie Pařenicová
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817 MV, Breda, the Netherlands; BioXact B.V., Böttgerwater 44, 2497 ZJ, Den Haag, the Netherlands
| | - Richard E Goodman
- RE Goodman Consulting LLC, 8110 Dougan Circle, Lincoln, NE, 68516, USA
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Elisa Leune
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817 MV, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Mohamed Abdelmoteleb
- Mohamed Abdelmoteleb, Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Mansoura University, Mansoura, 35516, Egypt
| | - Yvonne Dommels
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817 MV, Breda, the Netherlands
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GnanaDev R, Malkoc A, Hsu J, Behseresht J, Tayyarah M, Vo TD, Andacheh I. Use of the GORE Conformable Excluder Device in Highly Angulated Aortic Neck Anatomy: Mid-term Outcomes. Vasc Endovascular Surg 2024:15385744241242183. [PMID: 38527219 DOI: 10.1177/15385744241242183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/27/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with complex aortic anatomy require meticulous surgical planning to optimize intraoperative and postoperative outcomes. The GORE Excluder Conformable Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Endoprosthesis (CEXC Device, WL Gore and Associates, Flagstaff, AZ) allows for endovascular treatment of highly angulated and short proximal neck abdominal aortic aneurysms (AAA). Owing to its recent approval, short-term clinical outcomes of this device remain scarce. REPORT In this report, we present a case series of 3 patients who underwent endovascular aortic repair using the GORE Excluder Conformable device with highly angulated (>70°) aortic neck anatomy. Endografts were deployed in a radiology suite using standard 2D angiography in conjunction with a CYDAR Medical (Wilmington, Delaware) reconstructed 3D overlay. The patients' ages were 85, 67, and 85 years. The mean abdominal aortic aneurysm diameter in these cases was 6.9 cm. The mean proximal neck length was 2.1 cm, proximal mean neck angulation was 83°. The mean operative time, total fluoroscopy time, and contrast used were 208 minutes, 28.3°minutes, and 94.5 milliliters, respectively. No adjunctive procedures, such as proximal cuff or endo-anchors, were performed at the time of index procedure. DISCUSSION Type Ia endoleak was observed in 1 patient post-operatively but after treatment with an aortic cuff there was no evidence of enlarging aneurysm sac. The GORE Excluder Conformable Endoprosthesis expands access to endovascular management of AAAs. Our early experience with this device demonstrated excellent patient and clinical outcomes in a highly angulated neck anatomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raja GnanaDev
- Department of General Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA
| | - Aldin Malkoc
- Department of General Surgery, Arrowhead Regional Medical Center, Colton, CA, USA
| | - Jeffrey Hsu
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Jason Behseresht
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Majid Tayyarah
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Trung D Vo
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
| | - Iden Andacheh
- Department of Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana Medical Center, Fontana, CA, USA
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Scaife K, Vo TD, Dommels Y, Leune E, Albermann K, Pařenicová L. In silico and in vitro safety assessment of a fungal biomass from Rhizomucor pusillus for use as a novel food ingredient. Food Chem Toxicol 2023; 179:113972. [PMID: 37532172 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.113972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
To address the growing world population and reduce the impact of environmental changes on the global food supply, ingredients are being produced using microorganisms to yield sustainable and innovative products. Food ingredients manufactured using modern biotechnology must be produced by non-toxigenic and nonpathogenic production organisms that do not harbor antimicrobial resistance (AMR). Several fungal species represent attractive targets as sources of alternative food products. One such product is a fungal biomass obtained from the fermentation of Rhizomucor pusillus strain CBS 143028. The whole genome sequence of this strain was annotated and subjected to sequence homology searches and in silico phenotype prediction tools to identify genetic elements encoding for protein toxins active via oral consumption, virulence factors associated with pathogenicity, and determinants of AMR. The in silico investigation revealed no genetic elements sharing significant sequence homology with putative virulence factors, protein toxins, or AMR determinants, including the absence of mucoricin, an essential toxin in the pathogenesis of mucormycosis. These in silico findings were corroborated in vitro based on the absence of clinically relevant mycotoxin or antibacterial secondary metabolites. Consequently, it is unlikely that R. pusillis strain CBS 143028 would pose a safety concern for use in food for human consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Scaife
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 21, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada.
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 21, Mississauga, ON, L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Yvonne Dommels
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817, MV, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa Leune
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817, MV, Breda, the Netherlands
| | - Kaj Albermann
- Labvantage - Biomax GmbH, Robert-Koch-Str. 2, 82152, Planegg, Germany
| | - Lucie Pařenicová
- The Protein Brewery B.V., Goeseelsstraat 10, 4817, MV, Breda, the Netherlands; BioXact, Böttgerwater 44, 2497, ZJ, Den Haag, Netherlands
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Vo TD, Meetro J, Floyd S, Lynch B, Tafazoli S, Ichihara A, Chikamatsu G. Safety assessment of purine nucleosidase from Aspergillus luchuensis. Toxicology Research and Application 2021. [DOI: 10.1177/23978473211061428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Purine nucleosidase (EC 3.2.2.1) catalyzes the N-riboside hydrolysis of purine nucleosides to D-ribose and a purine base. This enzyme may be used in the production of beer and other alcoholic beverages to reduce the purine content of these products. Purine nucleosidase was obtained from Aspergillus luchuensis naturally occurring in grain sources. The safety profile of purine nucleosidase is not well documented in the scientific literature, and a series of toxicological studies were undertaken to investigate the safety of its use in food production. Purine nucleosidase from A. luchuensis was non-mutagenic and non-clastogenic in a standard Ames test and in vitro mammalian chromosome aberration assay. Administration of purine nucleosidase in a 90-day subchronic toxicity study in Sprague-Dawley rats did not elicit adverse findings on any hematology, clinical chemistry, urinalysis, organ weight, or histopathological parameter at doses up to 1700 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight/day, the highest dose tested. The results suggest purine nucleosidase to lack systemic toxic effect. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was concluded to be 1700 mg TOS/kg body weight/day. The results of the toxicology studies support the safety of purine nucleosidase from a non-genetically modified strain of A. luchuensis when used in food production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung D Vo
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Jwar Meetro
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Seth Floyd
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
| | - Barry Lynch
- Intertek Health Sciences Inc., Mississauga, ON, Canada
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Chu EY, Vo TD, Chavez MB, Nagasaki A, Mertz EL, Nociti FH, Aitken SF, Kavanagh D, Zimmerman K, Li X, Stabach PR, Braddock DT, Millán JL, Foster BL, Somerman MJ. Genetic and pharmacologic modulation of cementogenesis via pyrophosphate regulators. Bone 2020; 136:115329. [PMID: 32224162 PMCID: PMC7482720 DOI: 10.1016/j.bone.2020.115329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2020] [Accepted: 03/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Pyrophosphate (PPi) serves as a potent and physiologically important regulator of mineralization, with systemic and local concentrations determined by several key regulators, including: tissue-nonspecific alkaline phosphatase (ALPL gene; TNAP protein), the progressive ankylosis protein (ANKH; ANK), and ectonucleotide pyrophosphatase/phosphodiesterase 1 (ENPP1; ENPP1). Results to date have indicated important roles for PPi in cementum formation, and we addressed several gaps in knowledge by employing genetically edited mouse models where PPi metabolism was disrupted and pharmacologically modulating PPi in a PPi-deficient mouse model. We demonstrate that acellular cementum growth is inversely proportional to PPi levels, with reduced cementum in Alpl KO (increased PPi levels) mice and excess cementum in Ank KO mice (decreased PPi levels). Moreover, simultaneous ablation of Alpl and Ank results in reestablishment of functional cementum in dKO mice. Additional reduction of PPi by dual deletion of Ank and Enpp1 does not further increase cementogenesis, and PDL space is maintained in part through bone modeling/remodeling by osteoclasts. Our results provide insights into cementum formation and expand our knowledge of how PPi regulates cementum. We also demonstrate for the first time that pharmacologic manipulation of PPi through an ENPP1-Fc fusion protein can regulate cementum growth, supporting therapeutic interventions targeting PPi metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Y Chu
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA.
| | - T D Vo
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - M B Chavez
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - A Nagasaki
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - E L Mertz
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (NICHD), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - F H Nociti
- Department of Prosthodontics & Periodontics, State University of Campinas, Piracicaba Dental School, Piracicaba, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - S F Aitken
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - D Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Li
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - P R Stabach
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D T Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J L Millán
- Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - B L Foster
- Biosciences Division, College of Dentistry, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - M J Somerman
- National Institute of Arthritis and Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, MD, USA
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Tafazoli S, Vo TD, Roberts A, Rodriguez C, Viñas R, Madonna ME, Chiang YH, Noronha JW, Holguin JC, Ryder JA, Perlstein A. Corrigendum to “Safety assessment of miraculin using in silico and in vitro digestibility analyses” [Food Chem. Toxicol. 133 (2019 Nov) 110762]. Food Chem Toxicol 2020; 137:111136. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2020.111136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Vo TD, Lynch BS, Roberts A. Dietary Exposures to Common Emulsifiers and Their Impact on the Gut Microbiota: Is There a Cause for Concern? Compr Rev Food Sci Food Saf 2018; 18:31-47. [DOI: 10.1111/1541-4337.12410] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 10/15/2018] [Accepted: 10/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Trung D. Vo
- the Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy; 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201 Mississauga Ontario Canada L5N 2X7
| | - Barry S. Lynch
- the Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy; 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201 Mississauga Ontario Canada L5N 2X7
| | - Ashley Roberts
- the Intertek Scientific & Regulatory Consultancy; 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201 Mississauga Ontario Canada L5N 2X7
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Lara KA, Chua RA, Vo TD. Technique to Avoid Hemodialysis Catheter in Patients with Failing Aneurysmal Arteriovenous Fistula by Creating a Concomitant New Arteriovenous Fistula. Ann Vasc Surg 2018; 49:304-308. [PMID: 29481943 DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2018.01.073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2017] [Revised: 12/17/2017] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Autogenous arteriovenous fistula (AVF) is the primary recommended access for hemodialysis. Long-term use will not uncommonly result in AVF aneurysmal degeneration. Aneurysm-associated complications encompass pain, skin ulceration, infection, thrombosis, cannulation difficulties, and life-threatening bleeding. Various methods to repair aneurysmal AVFs have been described. However, there may be circumstances when this is not possible and require insertion of a temporary hemodialysis catheter (HDC) until a new arteriovenous access is created. We describe a case series of creating a new simultaneous AVF while continuing to use the primary failing aneurysmal AVF to avoid placement of an HDC. Once the new AVF becomes operational, the primary aneurysmal AVF can be abandoned. Six patients underwent simultaneous new AVF creation, 4 ipsilateral, and 2 contralateral. None of the patients developed symptomatic steal syndrome or congestive heart failure. Five of 6 patients had successful usage of the new AVF, and subsequently underwent ligation and excision of the aneurysmal AVF, thus avoiding a temporary HDC. Close monitoring for skin compromise and bleeding in the aneurysmal AVF is recommended while the new AVF matures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelly A Lara
- Department of General/Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana, Fontana, CA
| | - Rochelle Anne Chua
- College of Osteopathic Medicine of the Pacific, Western University of Health Sciences, Pomona, CA
| | - Trung D Vo
- Department of General/Vascular Surgery, Kaiser Permanente Fontana, Fontana, CA.
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Bae E, Vo TD. Carotid Atherosclerotic Stenosis Associated with a Mobile Plaque May Be Treated Safely with Carotid Stenting. Ann Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.06.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lara KA, Vo TD. Technique to Avoid Tunneled Hemodialysis Catheter in Patients With Failing AVF Due to Aneurysmal Complications. Ann Vasc Surg 2017. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2017.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Tafazoli S, Vo TD, Petersen A, Constable A, Coulet M, Phothirath P, Lang J, Baldwin N. Genotoxicity, acute and subchronic toxicity evaluation of savory food ingredients. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 87:71-87. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Revised: 04/30/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Liu Z, Liu D, Cheng J, Mei S, Fu Y, Lai W, Wang Y, Xu Y, Vo TD, Lynch BS. Lipid-soluble green tea extract: Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity studies. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2017; 86:366-373. [DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2017.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 04/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
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Simon RR, Vo TD, Levine R. Genotoxicity and subchronic toxicity evaluation of dried Euglena gracilis ATCC PTA-123017. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:71-81. [PMID: 27311684 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2016] [Revised: 06/07/2016] [Accepted: 06/10/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Euglena gracilis is a microalga capable of synthesizing various nutrients of interest in human and animal nutrition. When cultivated aerobically in the dark, Euglena synthesize paramylon, a storage polysaccharide comprised of high molecular weight beta-1,3-D-glucose polymers organized in cytoplasmic granules. Beta-glucans have been shown to have immune modulation effects, including anti-microbial, anti-tumor, and anti-oxidant properties, and metabolic effects, such as regulation of cholesterol and blood sugar levels. Preparations of E. gracilis and paramylon may therefore have potential utility as functional food ingredients for human and animal nutrition. A battery of toxicological studies was conducted on a dried preparation of E. gracilis and paramylon to support their safe food use. The dried alga was not genotoxic in a bacterial reverse mutation test and mammalian micronucleus test. In the subchronic toxicity study, rats were provided E. gracilis in the diet at levels of 0, 12,500, 25,000 or 50,000 ppm. Paramylon was provided at a concentration of 50,000 ppm. No effects that could be attributable to treatment were observed in clinical observations, body weight, food consumption, ophthalmology, hematology and clinical chemistry, urinalysis, and macroscopic and microscopic findings. A NOAEL of 50,000 ppm in the diet was determined for both ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryan R Simon
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, ON L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Robert Levine
- Algal Scientific Corporation, 14925 Galleon Court, Plymouth, MI 48170, USA.
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Ali A, Behseresht JD, Vo TD. IP011. Initial Experience With Aneurysm Sac Embolization Using N-Butyl 2-Cryanoacrylate Glue at the Time of Endovascular Aneurysm Repair to Prevent Type II Endoleaks. J Vasc Surg 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Tande KS, Vo TD, Lynch BS. Clinical safety evaluation of marine oil derived from Calanus finmarchicus. Regul Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 80:25-31. [PMID: 27233921 DOI: 10.1016/j.yrtph.2016.05.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 05/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/20/2016] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Marine oils are rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), including docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acid. These PUFAs are associated with health benefits and additional sustainable sources of marine oils are desirable. One of the source organisms is Calanus finmarchicus, a copepod endemic to the North Atlantic. PUFAs in the lipid fraction of this organism are largely in the form of wax esters. To assess the safety of these wax esters as a source of PUFAs, a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled clinical trial was conducted whereby 64 subjects consumed 2 g Calanus oil in capsule form daily for a period of one year. A group of 53 subjects consumed placebo capsules. At baseline, 6-, and 12-months, series of evaluations were conducted, including: vital signs, clinical chemistry and hematological evaluations, and adverse event reporting. Food intake and physical exercise were controlled by means of a questionnaire. There were no effects on Calanus oil treatment on any of the safety parameters measured. A slight increase in the incidence of eczema was reported in the Calanus oil group, but the response was minor in nature, not statistically significant after controlling for multiple comparisons, and could not be attributed to treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kurt S Tande
- Calanus AS, Stakkevollveien 65, N-9010, Tromsø, Norway.
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Barry S Lynch
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario, L5N 2X7, Canada
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Okado N, Hasegawa K, Mizuhashi F, Lynch BS, Vo TD, Roberts AS. Safety evaluation of nuclease P1 from Penicillium citrinum. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 88:21-31. [PMID: 26686996 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2015] [Revised: 11/23/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Nuclease P1 has been widely used in the food industry to enhance or create flavor. One commercial source of this enzyme is Penicillium citrinum, an anamorphic mesophilic fungus with a long history of safe use in Europe and Asia as a fermentation organism used in the production of ribonucleases. Given the intended use in food for human consumption, and noting its potential presence at trace levels in finished products, a series of safety studies including an in vitro Ames and chromosome aberration assay, an in vivo rat erythrocyte micronucleus assay and a 90-day oral toxicity study in rats were conducted. No mutagenic activity was observed in the Ames assay. Equivocal activity in the chromosome aberration assay was not replicated in the micronucleus assay at doses of up to 1007 mg total organic solids (TOS)/kg body weight (bw)/day. Following oral administration of nuclease P1 at dosages of 10.1, 101 or 1007 mg TOS/kg bw/day to Sprague-Dawley rats, no adverse effects on any study parameter were observed. The no-observed-adverse-effect level was considered to be 1007 mg TOS/kg bw/day. The results of the genotoxicity studies and subchronic rat study support the safe use in food production of nuclease P1 produced from P. citrinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nobuo Okado
- Shin Nihon Chemical Co., Ltd., 19-10 Showa-cho, Anjyo, Aichi 446-0063, Japan.
| | - Kazushige Hasegawa
- Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs, and Pesticides, 582-2, Shioshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan
| | - Fukutaro Mizuhashi
- Biosafety Research Center, Foods, Drugs, and Pesticides, 582-2, Shioshinden, Iwata, Shizuoka 437-1213, Japan
| | - Barry S Lynch
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Trung D Vo
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 2X7, Canada
| | - Ashley S Roberts
- Intertek Scientific and Regulatory Consultancy, 2233 Argentia Road, Suite 201, Mississauga, Ontario L5N 2X7, Canada
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Okado N, Sugi M, Ueda M, Mizuhashi F, Lynch BS, Vo TD, Roberts AS. Safety evaluation of AMP deaminase from Aspergillus oryzae. Food Chem Toxicol 2015; 86:342-50. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2015] [Revised: 10/29/2015] [Accepted: 11/01/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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18
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Vo TD, He J, Magi E, Collins MJ, Clark AS, Ferguson BG, Xiong C, Eggleton BJ. Chalcogenide fiber-based distributed temperature sensor with sub-centimeter spatial resolution and enhanced accuracy. Opt Express 2014; 22:1560-1568. [PMID: 24515162 DOI: 10.1364/oe.22.001560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a sub-centimeter spatial resolution fiber-based distributed temperature sensor with enhanced measurement accuracy and reduced acquisition time. Our approach employs time domain analysis of backscattered Stokes and anti-Stokes photons generated via spontaneous Raman scattering in a chalcogenide (ChG) As2S3 fiber for temperature monitoring. The sensor performance is significantly improved by exploiting the high Raman coefficient and increased refractive index of the ChG fiber. We achieve a temperature uncertainty of ± 0.65 °C for a short measurement time of only 5 seconds; whilst the detection uncertainty is less than ± 0.2 °C for a longer integration time of 2 minutes. We also investigate the optimum Stokes and anti-Stokes bands for optimal sensing performance. Our theoretical analysis shows that a small detuning frequency regime from a pump is more suitable for rapid measurements while a large detuning regime provides higher temperature resolution.
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19
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Xiong C, Vo TD, Collins MJ, Li J, Krauss TF, Steel MJ, Clark AS, Eggleton BJ. Bidirectional multiplexing of heralded single photons from a silicon chip. Opt Lett 2013; 38:5176-5179. [PMID: 24281539 DOI: 10.1364/ol.38.005176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate integrated spatial multiplexing of heralded single photons generated from a single 96 μm long silicon photonic crystal waveguide in a bidirectional pump configuration. By using a low-loss fiber-coupled opto-ceramic switch, the multiplexing technique enhances the brightness of the single photon source by 51.2±4.0% while maintaining the coincidence-to-accidental ratio. Compared with the demonstration of multiplexing two individual sources, the bidirectional pump scheme represents a twofold reduction in the footprint of nonlinear devices for future large-scale integration of on-chip single photon sources. The 51.2±4.0% gain will make any quantum operation requiring n photons 1.5(n) times faster.
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20
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Sarmiento JM, Wisniewski PJ, Do NT, Slezak JM, Tayyarah M, Aka PK, Vo TD, Hsu JH. The Kaiser Permanente Experience With Ultrasound-Guided Percutaneous Endovascular Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Repair. Ann Vasc Surg 2012; 26:906-12. [DOI: 10.1016/j.avsg.2011.09.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2011] [Revised: 09/18/2011] [Accepted: 09/26/2011] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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21
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Paquot Y, Schröder J, Van Erps J, Vo TD, Pelusi MD, Madden S, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Single parameter optimization for simultaneous automatic compensation of multiple orders of dispersion for a 1.28 Tbaud signal. Opt Express 2011; 19:25512-25520. [PMID: 22273944 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.025512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We report the demonstration of automatic higher-order dispersion compensation for the transmission of 275 fs pulses associated with a Tbaud Optical Time Division Multiplexed (OTDM) signal. Our approach achieves simultaneous automatic compensation for 2nd, 3rd and 4th order dispersion using an LCOS spectral pulse shaper (SPS) as a tunable dispersion compensator and a dispersion monitor made of a photonic-chip-based all-optical RF-spectrum analyzer. The monitoring approach uses a single parameter measurement extracted from the RF-spectrum to drive a multidimensional optimization algorithm. Because these pulses are highly sensitive to fluctuations in the GVD and higher orders of chromatic dispersion, this work represents a key result towards practical transmission of ultrashort optical pulses. The dispersion can be adapted on-the-fly for a 1.28 Tbaud signal at any place in the transmission line using a black box approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvan Paquot
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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22
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Husko C, Vo TD, Corcoran B, Li J, Krauss TF, Eggleton BJ. Ultracompact all-optical XOR logic gate in a slow-light silicon photonic crystal waveguide. Opt Express 2011; 19:20681-20690. [PMID: 21997079 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an ultracompact, chip-based, all-optical exclusive-OR (XOR) logic gate via slow-light enhanced four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon photonic crystal waveguide (PhCWG). We achieve error-free operation (<10⁻⁹) for 40 Gbit/s differential phase-shift keying (DPSK) signals with a 2.8 dB power penalty. Slowing the light to vg = c/32 enables a FWM conversion efficiency, η, of -30 dB for a 396 μm device. The nonlinear FWM process is enhanced by 20 dB compared to a relatively fast mode of vg = c/5. The XOR operation requires ≈ 41 mW, corresponding to a switching energy of 1 pJ/bit. We compare the slow-light PhCWG device performance with experimentally demonstrated XOR DPSK logic gates in other platforms and discuss scaling the device operation to higher bit-rates. The ultracompact structure suggests the potential for device integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Husko
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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23
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Li F, Vo TD, Husko C, Pelusi M, Xu DX, Densmore A, Ma R, Janz S, Eggleton BJ, Moss DJ. All-optical XOR logic gate for 40Gb/s DPSK signals via FWM in a silicon nanowire. Opt Express 2011; 19:20364-20371. [PMID: 21997046 DOI: 10.1364/oe.19.020364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate an all-optical XOR logic function for 40Gb/s differential phase-shift keyed (DPSK) data signals in the C-band, based on four-wave mixing (FWM) in a silicon nanowire. Error-free operation with a system penalty of ~3.0dB and ~4.3dB at 10⁻⁹ BER is achieved.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Li
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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24
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Sarmiento JM, Wisniewski PJ, Do NT, Slezak JM, Tayyarah M, Aka PK, Vo TD, Hsu JH. PS158. Use of Ultrasound for Percutaneous Endovascular Aortic Aneurysm Repair (PEVAR) Reduces Rate of Conversion to Femoral Cutdown. J Vasc Surg 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvs.2011.03.136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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25
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Vo TD, Pant R, Pelusi MD, Schröder J, Choi DY, Debbarma SK, Madden SJ, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Photonic chip-based all-optical XOR gate for 40 and 160 Gbit/s DPSK signals. Opt Lett 2011; 36:710-712. [PMID: 21368957 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a photonic chip-based all-optical exclusive-OR (XOR) gate for phase-encoded optical signals via four-wave mixing in a highly nonlinear, dispersion-engineered chalcogenide (As2S3) planar waveguide. We achieve error-free, XOR operation for 40 Gbit/s differential phase shift keying (DPSK) optical signals with no power penalty. The effectiveness and broad bandwidth operation of our approach is highlighted by implementing an XOR gate for 160 Gbit/s DPSK signals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trung D Vo
- Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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26
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Pant R, Vo TD, Xiong C, Pelusi MD, Madden SJ, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Ultrahigh-bandwidth, on-chip all-optical pulse erasure using the χ(3) process in a nonlinear chalcogenide waveguide. Opt Lett 2011; 36:298-300. [PMID: 21263532 DOI: 10.1364/ol.36.000298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate on-chip all-optical pulse erasure based on four-wave mixing and cross-phase modulation in a dispersion engineered chalcogenide (As(2)S(3)) rib waveguide. We achieve an erasure efficiency of ~15 dB for picosecond pulses in good agreement with numerical simulations using the nonlinear Schrödinger equation. The combined effect of the high instantaneous optical nonlinearity (γ = 9900 (W km)(-1)) and small group-velocity dispersion (D = 29 ps/nm km), which reduces pulse walk-off, will enable all-optical pulse erasure for ultrafast signal processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ravi Pant
- Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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27
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Van Erps J, Schröder J, Vo TD, Pelusi MD, Madden S, Choi DY, Bulla DA, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Automatic dispersion compensation for 1.28Tb/s OTDM signal transmission using photonic-chip-based dispersion monitoring. Opt Express 2010; 18:25415-25421. [PMID: 21164889 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.025415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We present automatic dispersion control of 1.28Tb/s optical time domain multiplexed signals. The dispersion is monitored by measuring the power of the 1.28THz tone of the RF spectrum using a photonic-chip-based radio-frequency spectrum analyzer (PC-RFSA) and the dispersion compensation is realized by means of a spectral pulse shaper, via computer-controlled feedback from the PC-RFSA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Van Erps
- ARC Centre for Ultrahigh Bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Institute for Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, Sydney NSW 2006, Australia
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Schröder J, Brasier O, Vo TD, Roelens MAF, Frisken S, Eggleton BJ. Simultaneous multi-channel OSNR monitoring with a wavelength selective switch. Opt Express 2010; 18:22299-22304. [PMID: 20941130 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.022299] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We show the first simultaneous OSNR monitoring of two 40 Gb/s OOK and DPSK channels, using only a wavelength selective switch and two slow photodetectors. Our approach is modulation format and bit-rate independent and can easily be included in existing reconfigurable networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schröder
- 1Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney 2006 NSW, Australia.
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29
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Corcoran B, Vo TD, Pelusi MD, Monat C, Xu DX, Densmore A, Ma R, Janz S, Moss DJ, Eggleton BJ. Silicon nanowire based radio-frequency spectrum analyzer. Opt Express 2010; 18:20190-20200. [PMID: 20940910 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.020190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate a terahertz bandwidth silicon nanowire based radio-frequency spectrum analyzer using cross-phase modulation. We show that the device provides accurate characterization of 640Gbaud on-off-keyed data stream and demonstrate its potential for optical time-division multiplexing optimization and optical performance monitoring of ultrahigh speed signals on a silicon chip. We analyze the impact of free carrier effects on our device, and find that the efficiency of the device is not reduced by two-photon or free-carrier absorption, nor its accuracy compromised by free-carrier cross-chirp.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bill Corcoran
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute for Photonics and Optical Sciences (IPOS), School of Physics, The University of Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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30
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Vo TD, Hu H, Galili M, Palushani E, Xu J, Oxenløwe LK, Madden SJ, Choi DY, Bulla DAP, Pelusi MD, Schröder J, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Photonic chip based transmitter optimization and receiver demultiplexing of a 1.28 Tbit/s OTDM signal. Opt Express 2010; 18:17252-17261. [PMID: 20721113 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.017252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We demonstrate chip-based Tbaud optical signal processing for all-optical performance monitoring, switching and demultiplexing based on the instantaneous Kerr nonlinearity in a dispersion-engineered As(2)S(3) planar waveguide. At the Tbaud transmitter, we use a THz bandwidth radio-frequency spectrum analyzer to perform all-optical performance monitoring and to optimize the optical time division multiplexing stages as well as mitigate impairments, for example, dispersion. At the Tbaud receiver, we demonstrate error-free demultiplexing of a 1.28 Tbit/s single wavelength, return-to-zero signal to 10 Gbit/s via four-wave mixing with negligible system penalty (< 0.5 dB). Excellent performance, including high four-wave mixing conversion efficiency and no indication of an error-floor, was achieved. Our results establish the feasibility of Tbaud signal processing using compact nonlinear planar waveguides for Tbit/s Ethernet applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vo
- ARC Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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31
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Vo TD, Pelusi MD, Schröder J, Luan F, Madden SJ, Choi DY, Bulla DAP, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Simultaneous multi-impairment monitoring of 640 Gb/s signals using photonic chip based RF spectrum analyzer. Opt Express 2010; 18:3938-3945. [PMID: 20389406 DOI: 10.1364/oe.18.003938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of simultaneous multi-impairment monitoring at ultrahigh bitrates using a THz bandwidth photonic-chip-based radio-frequency (RF) spectrum analyzer. Our approach employs a 7 cm long, highly nonlinear (gamma approximately 9900 /W/km), dispersion engineered chalcogenide planar waveguide to capture the RF spectrum of an ultrafast 640 Gb/s signal, based on cross-phase modulation, from which we numerically retrieve the autocorrelation waveform. The relationship between the retrieved autocorrelation trace and signal impairments is exploited to simultaneously monitor dispersion, in-band optical signal to noise ratio (OSNR) and timing jitter from a single measurement. This novel approach also offers very high OSNR measurement dynamic range (> 30 dB) and is scalable to terabit data rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vo
- ARC Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Science (IPOS), School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia
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32
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Abstract
We demonstrate a tunable passively mode-locked fiber laser with a selectable repetition rate of up to 640 GHz. The mode-locking mechanism is based on dissipative four-wave mixing in combination with a programmable optical processor as the spectral filter. We achieve up to 20 nm wavelength tunability and present mode-locked operation at repetition rates between 40 and 640 GHz. Measurements of the power spectra using a cross-phase modulation technique confirm the mode locking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jochen Schröder
- Centre for Ultrahigh-bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems (CUDOS), Institute of Photonics and Optical Sciences(IPOS), School of Physics A28, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006 Australia.
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33
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Bui LA, Pelusi MD, Vo TD, Sarkhosh N, Emami H, Eggleton BJ, Mitchell A. Instantaneous frequency measurement system using optical mixing in highly nonlinear fiber. Opt Express 2009; 17:22983-22991. [PMID: 20052224 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.022983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
A broadband photonic instantaneous frequency measurement system utilizing four-wave mixing in highly nonlinear fiber is demonstrated. This new approach is highly stable and does not require any high-speed electronics or photodetectors. A first principles model accurately predicts the system response. Frequency measurement responses from 1 to 40 GHz are demonstrated and simple reconfiguration allows the system to operate over multiple bands.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lam A Bui
- School of Electrical and Computer Engineering, ARC Centre for Ultra-high bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, RMIT University, Melbourne, VIC 3001, Australia.
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Pelusi MD, Vo TD, Luan F, Madden SJ, Choi DY, Bulla DAP, Luther-Davies B, Eggleton BJ. Terahertz bandwidth RF spectrum analysis of femtosecond pulses using a chalcogenide chip. Opt Express 2009; 17:9314-9322. [PMID: 19466183 DOI: 10.1364/oe.17.009314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
We report the first demonstration of the use of an RF spectrum analyser with multi-terahertz bandwidth to measure the properties of femtosecond optical pulses. A low distortion and broad measurement bandwidth of 2.78 THz (nearly two orders of magnitude greater than conventional opto-electronic analyzers) was achieved by using a 6 cm long As(2)S(3) chalcogenide waveguide designed for high Kerr nonlinearity and near zero dispersion. Measurements of pulses as short as 260 fs produced from a soliton-effect compressor reveal features not evident from the pulse's optical spectrum. We also applied an inverse Fourier transform numerically to the captured data to re-construct a time-domain waveform that resembled pulse measurement obtained from intensity autocorrelation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Pelusi
- ARC Centre for Ultrahigh bandwidth Devices for Optical Systems, Institute of Photonics and Optical Science, School of Physics, University of Sydney, New South Wales 2006, Australia.
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Abstract
A 14-month-old Yorkshire boar was examined. In the abdomen, two big tumour masses were found in the intestines. In addition, pale nodules occurred in the liver, kidneys, in and upon the spleen, in the wall of the heart and in the testicles. By immunohistochemistry tumour cells were positive for CD3, but negative for B-lymphocyte antigen and CD79. From these findings it was concluded that the boar was suffering from multicentric lymphosarcoma probably of T-cell origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vo
- Department of Pathobiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
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Rakozy CK, Mohamed AN, Vo TD, Khatib G, Long PM, Eilender D, Palutke M. CD56+/CD4+ lymphomas and leukemias are morphologically, immunophenotypically, cytogenetically, and clinically diverse. Am J Clin Pathol 2001; 116:168-76. [PMID: 11488062 DOI: 10.1309/fmyw-ul3g-1d7j-ecqf] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022] Open
Abstract
CD56, a neural adhesion molecule, is a marker of natural killer (NK) lymphocytes as well as a subgroup of CD8+ T cells. Normal lymphocytes with a CD56/CD4 phenotype are scarce. Physiologic increases may occur in patients with immunosuppression, chronic inflammation, and autoimmune disorders. We report 4 cases of lymphomas/leukemias with the unusual CD56/CD4 phenotype. Two were of T-cell and 2 of true NK-cell origin. The T-cell lymphomas had large granular lymphocyte morphologic features and splenomegaly. One patients had a benign course; the other died within months of the leukemia diagnosis. The 2 NK cell lymphomas had blastic morphologic features, initially involved skin, and had a very aggressive clinical course; 1 patient died of acute leukemia, and 1 had recurrence after bone marrow transplantation. Cytogenetic analyses did not show a consistent pattern of abnormalities. The NK lymphoma with acute leukemia had a t(2;5) but was CD30- and anaplastic lymphoma kinase negative. Although CD56+/CD4+ lymphomas/leukemias are a heterogeneous group, there may be a distinct subgroup of NK lymphoblastoid lymphomas of the skin, judging from our cases, as well as those previously reported.
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MESH Headings
- Adult
- Aged
- Bone Marrow/pathology
- CD4 Antigens/analysis
- CD56 Antigen/analysis
- Fatal Outcome
- Female
- Flow Cytometry
- Gene Rearrangement, beta-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Gene Rearrangement, gamma-Chain T-Cell Antigen Receptor
- Humans
- Immunohistochemistry
- Immunophenotyping
- Killer Cells, Natural/immunology
- Killer Cells, Natural/pathology
- Leukemia/genetics
- Leukemia/immunology
- Leukemia/pathology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/genetics
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/immunology
- Leukemia, Lymphocytic, Chronic, B-Cell/pathology
- Lymph Nodes/pathology
- Lymphoma/genetics
- Lymphoma/immunology
- Lymphoma/pathology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/genetics
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/immunology
- Lymphoma, T-Cell/pathology
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Palatine Tonsil/pathology
- Skin/pathology
- Spleen/pathology
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Rakozy
- Department of Pathology, Wayne State University School of Medicine and Karmanos Cancer Center, Detroit, MI, USA
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Abstract
Symptoms of fever and/or rigours after transfusion continue to occur commonly in patients receiving platelets leucocyte-reduced after storage. A cohort of 24 consecutive patients who had experienced severe or repeated febrile nonhaemolytic reactions to post-storage leucocyte-reduced platelet transfusions were treated with saline-washed, post-storage leucocyte-reduced platelets. The frequency of reactions declined from 20% of transfusions (n = 191) to 0.6% (n = 331) after instituting saline-washed, post-storage leucocyte-reduced platelet transfusions. These results support the hypothesis that substances present in the supernatant of stored platelet concentrates mediate febrile nonhaemolytic transfusion reactions, and provide one strategy for preventing their occurrence.
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Affiliation(s)
- T D Vo
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Rochester Medical Center and Strong Memorial Hospital, NY 14642, USA
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38
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Abstract
In malignant gliomas, the characteristically heterogeneous features and frequent diffuse spread within the brain have raised the question of whether malignant gliomas arise monoclonally from a single precursor cell or polyclonally from multiple transformed cells forming confluent clones. Although monoclonality has been shown in surgically resected tissues, these may not include the full spectrum of patterns seen on autopsy material. Little is known about the clonality of low-grade gliomas from which malignant gliomas may sometimes arise. We sought to investigate the clonality of low-grade and malignant gliomas by using and comparing surgical and autopsy material with a Polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based assay for nonrandom X chromosome inactivation. For that, purpose, archival surgical and autopsy material from 15 female patients (group A) (age 4 to 73 years; median, 45) with malignant gliomas (12 glioblastomas, one gliosarcoma, one anaplastic oligoastrocytoma, one gliomatosis cerebri), surgical material only from 21 female patients (group S) (age 6 to 78 years; median, 60) with low-grade and malignant gliomas (four low-grade astrocytomas, three oligoastrocytomas, two anaplastic astrocytomas, one gemistocytic astrocytoma, four oligodendrogliomas, seven glioblastomas) were analyzed. In group A, representative areas (mean = 5/patient; median = 7) were microdissected from tissue sections and assayed by PCR amplification of a highly polymorphic microsatellite marker locus of the human androgen receptor gene (HUMARA) in the presence of alpha32P with and without predigestion with a methylation-sensitive restriction enzyme (HhaI). Products were resolved by denaturing gel electrophoresis and autoradiographed. In group S, selected tumor areas were used for the assay. Each patient's normal brain tissue was used for control. The band intensity of alleles were measured by densitometric scanning. In group A, 13 of 15 cases were informative (heterozygous). The same pattern of nonrandom X chromosome inactivation was present in all areas of solid dense and moderate tumor infiltration in eight including all components of the gliosarcoma. Two of eight also showed focal loss of heterozygosity (LOH). One of 13 presented global LOH. Two of 13 showed microsatellite instability, one of which in a patient with Turcot syndrome, the other in gliomatosis cerebri. Opposite skewing patterns were seen in distant areas of gliomatosis cerebri consistent with oligoclonal derivation. Clonality remained indeterminate in one glioblastoma and in the anaplastic oligoastrocytoma because of skewed lyonization in the normal control. In group S, 19 of 21 cases were informative. Fifteen of 19 were monoclonal (four low-grade astrocytomas, one anaplastic astrocytoma, one gemistocytic astrocytoma, two oligodendrogliomas, one oligoastrocytoma, six glioblastomas). Four of 19 were indeterminate. We conclude that (1) Low-grade and malignant gliomas are usually monoclonal tumors, and extensively infiltrating tumors must result from migration of tumor cells (2) Gliomatosis cerebri may initiate as an oligoclonal process or result from collision gliomas (3) Biphasic gliomas likely arise from a single precursor cell. (4) LOH at the HUMARA locus is probably related to partial or complete deletion of an X-chromosome, which occurs in malignant gliomas during clonal evolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- M M Kattar
- Department of Pathology, Harper Hospital, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48201, USA
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Carlock LR, Vo TD, DeHaven CR, Murray JC. An anonymous genomic clone that detects a frequent RFLP adjacent to the D4S10 (G8) marker and Huntington's disease. Nucleic Acids Res 1987; 15:377. [PMID: 2881254 PMCID: PMC340430 DOI: 10.1093/nar/15.1.377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
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Abstract
A relatively powerful and inexpensive microcomputer-based system for the spectral analysis of the EEG is presented. High resolution and speed is achieved with the use of recently available large-scale integrated circuit technology with enhanced functionality (INTEL Math co-processors 8087) which can perform transcendental functions rapidly. The versatility of the system is achieved with a hardware organization that has distributed data acquisition capability performed by the use of a microprocessor-based analog to digital converter with large resident memory (Cyborg ISAAC-2000). Compiled BASIC programs and assembly language subroutines perform on-line or off-line the fast Fourier transform and spectral analysis of the EEG which is stored as soft as well as hard copy. Some results obtained from test application of the entire system in animal studies are presented.
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Szeto HH, Vo TD, Dwyer G, Dogramajian ME, Cox MJ, Senger G. The ontogeny of fetal lamb electrocortical activity: a power spectral analysis. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1985; 153:462-6. [PMID: 4050921 DOI: 10.1016/0002-9378(85)90088-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
With the use of a relatively inexpensive microcomputer-based system for power spectral analysis, we have been able to provide quantitative information on maturational changes in electrocorticogram waveforms in the third-trimester fetal lamb. Twenty-six electrocorticogram recordings were obtained from nine fetal lambs, with gestational ages ranging from 114 to 139 days' gestation. The transition from disorganized to cyclic electrocorticogram activity (high-voltage slow activity and low-voltage fast activity) occurred at approximately 115 to 120 days' gestation. However, quantitative changes in waveform characteristics of the electrocorticogram continued throughout the rest of gestation. These maturational changes occurred primarily in the low-voltage fast activity periods, with a decrease in power density in the delta (0.3 to 3 Hz) band and an increase in the maximum frequencies detected in the beta (15 to 30 Hz) band. There were no significant changes in the power spectrum of the high-voltage slow activity periods as a function of gestational age.
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