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Karwelat D, Kühnlenz J, Raschke M, Bauer S, Tinwell H, Bars R, Marx U, Steger-Hartmann T. A microfluidic two-organ chip to investigate species specific differences of thyroid-liver crosstalk in human and rats. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00353-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Marx U. Human body on a chip - are we there yet? Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00326-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Jäschke M, Faust D, Koenig L, Nguyen N, Ramme A, Marx U, Dehne EM. Kidney-on-a-Chip - Integrating glomerular filtration and tubular reabsorption models. Toxicol Lett 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/s0378-4274(21)00515-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Baert Y, Ruetschle I, Cools W, Oehme A, Lorenz A, Marx U, Goossens E, Maschmeyer I. A multi-organ-chip co-culture of liver and testis equivalents: a first step toward a systemic male reprotoxicity model. Hum Reprod 2021; 35:1029-1044. [PMID: 32390056 DOI: 10.1093/humrep/deaa057] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Is it possible to co-culture and functionally link human liver and testis equivalents in the combined medium circuit of a multi-organ chip? SUMMARY ANSWER Multi-organ-chip co-cultures of human liver and testis equivalents were maintained at a steady-state for at least 1 week and the co-cultures reproduced specific natural and drug-induced liver-testis systemic interactions. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Current benchtop reprotoxicity models typically do not include hepatic metabolism and interactions of the liver-testis axis. However, these are important to study the biotransformation of substances. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION Testicular organoids derived from primary adult testicular cells and liver spheroids consisting of cultured HepaRG cells and hepatic stellate cells were loaded into separate culture compartments of each multi-organ-chip circuit for co-culture in liver spheroid-specific medium, testicular organoid-specific medium or a combined medium over a week. Additional multi-organ-chips (single) and well plates (static) were loaded only with testicular organoids or liver spheroids for comparison. Subsequently, the selected type of medium was supplemented with cyclophosphamide, an alkylating anti-neoplastic prodrug that has demonstrated germ cell toxicity after its bioactivation in the liver, and added to chip-based co-cultures to replicate a human liver-testis systemic interaction in vitro. Single chip-based testicular organoids were used as a control. Experiments were performed with three biological replicates unless otherwise stated. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS The metabolic activity was determined as glucose consumption and lactate production. The cell viability was measured as lactate dehydrogenase activity in the medium. Additionally, immunohistochemical and real-time quantitative PCR end-point analyses were performed for apoptosis, proliferation and cell-specific phenotypical and functional markers. The functionality of Sertoli and Leydig cells in testicular spheroids was specifically evaluated by measuring daily inhibin B and testosterone release, respectively. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Co-culture in multi-organ chips with liver spheroid-specific medium better supported the metabolic activity of the cultured tissues compared to other media tested. The liver spheroids did not show significantly different behaviour during co-culture compared to that in single culture on multi-organ-chips. The testicular organoids also developed accordingly and produced higher inhibin B but lower testosterone levels than the static culture in plates with testicular organoid-specific medium. By comparison, testosterone secretion by testicular organoids cultured individually on multi-organ-chips reached a similar level as the static culture at Day 7. This suggests that the liver spheroids have metabolised the steroids in the co-cultures, a naturally occurring phenomenon. The addition of cyclophosphamide led to upregulation of specific cytochromes in liver spheroids and loss of germ cells in testicular organoids in the multi-organ-chip co-cultures but not in single-testis culture. LARGE-SCALE DATA N/A. LIMITATIONS, REASONS FOR CAUTION The number of biological replicates included in this study was relatively small due to the limited availability of individual donor testes and the labour-intensive nature of multi-organ-chip co-cultures. Moreover, testicular organoids and liver spheroids are miniaturised organ equivalents that capture key features, but are still simplified versions of the native tissues. Also, it should be noted that only the prodrug cyclophosphamide was administered. The final concentration of the active metabolite was not measured. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS This co-culture model responds to the request of setting up a specific tool that enables the testing of candidate reprotoxic substances with the possibility of human biotransformation. It further allows the inclusion of other human tissue equivalents for chemical risk assessment on the systemic level. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This work was supported by research grants from the Scientific Research Foundation Flanders (FWO), Universitair Ziekenhuis Brussel (scientific fund Willy Gepts) and the Vrije Universiteit Brussel. Y.B. is a postdoctoral fellow of the FWO. U.M. is founder, shareholder and CEO of TissUse GmbH, Berlin, Germany, a company commercializing the Multi-Organ-Chip platform systems used in the study. The other authors have no conflict of interest to declare.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Baert
- Biology of the Testis (BITE) Research Group, Department of Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Ruetschle
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - W Cools
- Interfaculty Center Data Processing and Statistics (ICDS), Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - A Oehme
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - A Lorenz
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - U Marx
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
| | - E Goossens
- Biology of the Testis (BITE) Research Group, Department of Reproduction, Genetics and Regenerative Medicine, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (VUB), Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090 Brussels, Belgium
| | - I Maschmeyer
- TissUse GmbH, Oudenarder Str. 16, 13347 Berlin, Germany
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Horland R, Maschmeyer I, Dehne M, Hasenberg T, Ramme A, Lorenz A, Jaenicke A, Hübner J, Schimek K, Atac-Wagegg B, Lauster R, Marx U. Chip based microphysiological systems – A step toward emulation of systemic aspects of human biology in vitro. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.07.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Kiss F, Grix T, DiColandrea T, Lindner G, Horland R, Lauster R, Marx U, Atac B. In vitro 3D organotypic hair follicle-model for high-throughput substance testing. Toxicol Lett 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2016.06.1577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kogel H, Vollmar J, Stenzenberger G, Mohr W, Frösch D, Marx U. Morphologic Analysis of Artificial Blood Conduits in the Short-Term Carotid Artery Test. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/153857449002400501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Different analyses (SEM (scanning electron microscopy), light microscopy, nuclear medical investigations) must be added to short-term carotid artery test, in order to allow a real prediction of the behavior of suitable vascular grafts in the in-vivo long-term test. Comparing 60 experimental implantations (5 differ ent prosthetic materials) in carotid artery position with more than 150 vascular grafts in long-term in-vivo tests led to a new point system to appraise the various parameters of the short-term method numerically. An initial thrombogenicity of the prosthetic wall and the formation of an intramural thrombogenic matrix were found to be prerequisites for the ingrowth of connective tissue, trans- prosthetic microvascularization, and multifocal spontaneous endothelial lining.
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Affiliation(s)
- H. Kogel
- Department of Vascular, Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ulm University Hospital
| | - J.F. Vollmar
- Department of Vascular, Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ulm University Hospital
| | - G. Stenzenberger
- Department of Vascular, Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ulm University Hospital
| | - W. Mohr
- Department of Pathology, University of Ulm
| | - D. Frösch
- Department of Electron Microscopy, University of Ulm, West Germany
| | - U. Marx
- Department of Vascular, Thoracic and Cardiac Surgery, Ulm University Hospital
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Bauer S, Magauer C, Maschmeyer I, Drewell C, Lorenz A, Lauster R, Marx U. Towards a multi-organ-chip platform combining human liver, pancreatic islets, skeletal muscle and kidney equivalents to study metabolic diseases. DIABETOL STOFFWECHS 2016. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0036-1584105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Maschmeyer I, Lorenz A, Ramme A, Hasenberg T, Schimek K, Hübner J, Lauster R, Marx U. A microfluidic four-organ-chip for interconnected long-term co-culture of human intestine, liver, skin and kidney equivalents. Toxicol Lett 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2015.08.512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Winkelmann C, Luo Y, Lode A, Gelinsky M, Marx U, Sonntag F. Hollow fibres integrated in a microfluidic cell culture system. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Schmieder F, Schmieder S, Eger R, Friedrich S, Werner A, Danz N, Marx U, Sonntag F. Automated universal chip platform for fluorescence based cellular assays. BIOMED ENG-BIOMED TE 2012. [DOI: 10.1515/bmt-2012-4319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Abstract
HISTORY AND CLINICAL FINDINGS A 56-year-old woman presented with pronounced petechia. She complained about recurrent fever and night sweat for two weeks, having felt unwell during the past years. INVESTIGATIONS Laboratory examinations showed thrombocytopenia, leukopenia and considerably elevated liver enzymes. Antinuclear antibodies and antibodies against double-stranded DNA were positive. Sonography showed a slightly enlarged liver with multiple surrounding lymph nodes, splenomegaly and chronic-atrophic thyroiditis. Gastroscopy revealed several polypes which were immunohistochemically classified as neuroendocrine tumors (NET). DIAGNOSIS, TREATMENT AND COURSE Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) with involvement of several organs was diagnosed and high doses of steroids were given. The steroid was then gradually reduced and changed to azathioprine. The NET were removed endoscopically. CONCLUSION Neuroendocrine tumors are rare and localised to the stomach in only 2 - 4 %. Only three cases of gastric NET in the context of SLE with autoimmune gastritis have been reported so far in the literature.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Döcker
- Medizinische Klinik I, Klinikum am Steinenberg, Kreiskliniken Reutlingen gGmbH, Reutlingen.
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Klaus U, Döring S, Richter J, Dressler S, Sacharjat M, Marx U. Predicting Immunogenicity of Drugs in Tissue Culture Systems. CHEM-ING-TECH 2006. [DOI: 10.1002/cite.200650376] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Bauer ML, Sauer W, Marx U, Häußinger K. Standardisiertes Interview zur Beurteilung der Tagesschläfrigkeit. Pneumologie 2004. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2004-819631] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
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Littger R, Alke A, Tewes B, Gropp F, Asai T, Watanabe K, Kuromi K, Kurohane K, Ogino K, Taki T, Tsukada H, Nakayama J, Oku N, Babai I, Matyas G, Baranji L, Milosevits J, Alving CR, Bendas G, Rothe U, Scherphof GL, Kamps JAAM, Kessner S, Rothe U, Bendas G, Carafa M, Di Stefano A, Sozio P, Cacciatore I, Mosciatti B, Santucci E, Choice E, Harvie P, Galbraith T, Zunder E, Dutzar B, Anklesaria P, Paul R, Cocquyt J, De Cuyper M, Van der Meeren P, Cruz MEM, Gaspar MM, Silva MT, Dathe M, Nikolenko H, Wessolowski A, Schmieder P, Beyermann M, Bienert M, Santos ND, Cox KA, Allen C, Gallagher RC, Ickenstein L, Mayer LD, Bally MB, Fischer S, Margalit R, Freisleben HJ, Garidel P, Chen HC, Moore D, Mendelsohn R, Garidel P, Keller M, Hildebrand A, Blume A, Girão da Cruz MT, Simões S, Pedroso de Lima MC, Graser A, Nahde T, Fahr A, Müller R, Müller-Brüsselbach S, Harvie P, Dutzar B, Choice E, Cudmore S, O'Mahony D, Anklesaria P, Paul R, Hoving S, van Tiel ST, Seynhaeve ALB, Ambagtsheer G, Eggermont AMM, ten Hagen TLM, Høyrup P, Jensen SS, Jørgensen K, Iden D, Kuang H, Mullen P, Jacobs C, Roben P, Stevens T, Lollo C, Ishida T, Maeda R, Masuda K, Ichihara M, Kiwada H, Jung K, Reszka R, Kaiser N, Ohloff I, Linser-Haar S, Massing U, Schubert R, Kan P, Tsao CW, Chen WK, Wang AJ, Kimpfler A, Gerber C, Wieschollek A, Bruchelt G, Schubert R, Kobayashi T, Okada Y, Ishida T, Sone S, Harashima H, Maruyama K, Kiwada H, Kondo M, Lee CM, Tanaka T, Su W, Kitagawa T, Ito T, Matsuda H, Murai T, Miyasaka M, Junji K, Kondo M, Asai T, Ogino K, Taki T, Tsukada H, Baba K, Oku N, Koning GA, Wauben MHM, ten Hagen TLM, Vestweber D, Everts M, Kok RJ, Schraa AJ, Molema G, Schiffelers RM, Storm G, Kristl J, Šentjurc M, Abramović Z, Landry S, Perron S, Bestman-Smith J, Désormeaux A, Tremblay MJ, Bergeron MG, Madeira C, Loura LMS, Fedorov A, Prieto M, Aires-Barros MR, Marques CM, Simões SI, Cruz ME, Cevc G, Martins MB, Moreira JN, Gaspar R, Allen TM, Esposito C, Ortaggi G, Bianco A, Bonadies F, Malizia D, Napolitano R, Cametti C, Mossa G, Endert G, Essler F, Lutz S, Panzner S, Pastorino F, Brignole C, Pagnan G, Moase EH, Allen TM, Ponzoni M, Pavelic Z, Škalko-Basnet N, Jalšenjak I, Penacho N, Simões S, Pedroso de Lima MC, Pisano C, Bucci F, Serafini S, Martinelli R, Cupelli A, Marconi A, Ferrara FF, Santaniello M, Critelli L, Tinti O, Luisi P, Carminati P, Santaniello M, Bucci F, Tinti O, Pisano C, Critelli L, Galletti B, Luisi P, Carminati P, Sauer I, Nikolenko H, Dathe M, Schleef M, Voß C, Schmidt T, Flaschel E, König S, Wenger T, Dumond J, Bogetto N, Reboud-Ravaux M, Schramm HJ, Schramm W, Sheynis T, Rozner S, Kolusheva S, Satchell D, Jelnik R, Shigeta Y, Imanaka H, Ando H, Makino T, Kurohane K, Oku N, Baba N, Shimizu K, Asai T, Takada M, Baba K, Namba Y, Oku N, Simberg D, Danino D, Talmon Y, Minsky A, Ferrari ME, Wheeler CJ, Barenholz Y, Takada M, Shimizu K, Kuromi K, Asai T, Baba K, Oku N, Takeuchi Y, Kurohane K, North JR, Namba Y, Nango M, Oku N, Tewes B, Köchling T, Deissler M, Kühl C, Marx U, Strote G, Gropp F, Qualls MM, Kim JM, Thompson DH, Zhang ZY, Shum P, Collier JH, Hu BH, Ruberti JW, Messersmith PB, Thompson DH, Tsuruda T, Nakade A, Sadzuka Y, Hirota S, Sonobe T, Vorauer-Uhl K, Wagner A, Katinger H, Wagner A, Vorauer-Uhl K, Katinger H, Weeke-Klimp AH, Bartsch M, Meijer DKF, Scherphof GL, Kamps JAAM, Zeisig R, Walther W, Reß A, Fichtner I, Zschörnig O, Schiller J, Süß M, Bergmeier C, Arnold K, Nchinda G, Überla K, Zschörnig O. Poster Abstracts. J Liposome Res 2003. [DOI: 10.1081/lpr-120017490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Institute for Medical Immunology, Charité University Clinic, Medical Faculty of Humboldt University, Berlin, Germany
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Kohlhaw K, Sack U, Lehmann I, Drews G, Schwarz R, Hartwig T, Tannapfel A, Berr F, Oertel M, Marx U, Lehmann M, Witterkind C, Hauss J, Emmrich F. Anti-CD4-induced long-term acceptance of rat liver allografts in a high-responder model is not based on pure immunosuppression. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2173-5. [PMID: 11377492 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)01931-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kohlhaw
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie II, Universität Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
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Kohlhaw K, Sack U, Lehmann I, Drews G, Schwarz R, Hartwig T, Tannapfel A, Berr F, Oertel M, Marx U, Lehmann M, Wittekind C, Hauss J, Emmrich F. The monoclonal anti-CD4 antibody RIB5/2 induces donor-specific tolerance in the high-responder liver transplant model in the rat. Transplant Proc 2001; 33:2371-3. [PMID: 11377563 DOI: 10.1016/s0041-1345(01)02025-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- K Kohlhaw
- Klinik und Poliklinik für Chirurgie II, Leipzig, Germany
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Marx U, Lassmann G, Holzhütter HG, Wüstner D, Müller P, Höhlig A, Kubelt J, Herrmann A. Rapid flip-flop of phospholipids in endoplasmic reticulum membranes studied by a stopped-flow approach. Biophys J 2000; 78:2628-40. [PMID: 10777759 PMCID: PMC1300852 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(00)76807-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The transbilayer movement of short-chain spin-labeled and fluorescent 7-nitrobenz-2-oxa-1,3-diazol-4-yl (NBD) phospholipid analogs in rat liver microsomes is measured by stopped-flow mixing of labeled microsomes with bovine serum albumin (BSA) solution. Extraction of analogs from the outer leaflet of microsomes to BSA can be directly monitored in conjunction with electron paramagnetic resonance or fluorescence spectroscopy by taking advantage of the fact that the signal of spin-labeled or fluorescent analogs bound to BSA is different from that of the analogs inserted into membranes. From the signal kinetics, the transbilayer movement and the distribution of analogs in microsomal membranes can be derived provided the extraction of analogs by BSA is much faster in comparison to the transbilayer movement of analogs. Half-times of the back-exchange for spin-labeled and fluorescent analogs were <3.5 and <9.5 s, respectively. The unprecedented time resolution of the assay revealed that the transbilayer movement of spin-labeled analogs is much faster than previously reported. The half-time of the movement was about 16 s or even less at room temperature. Transmembrane movement of NBD-labeled analogs was six- to eightfold slower than that of spin-labeled analogs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Institut für Biologie/Biophysik, D-10115 Berlin, Germany
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Nagel A, Koch S, Valley U, Emmrich F, Marx U. Membrane-based cell culture systems--an alternative to in vivo production of monoclonal antibodies. Dev Biol Stand 1999; 101:57-64. [PMID: 10566776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
A new generation of membrane-based cell culture devices especially designed for small scale production of monoclonal antibodies (mabs) has entered the market in the last few years. In contrast to conventional perfusion hollow fibre bioreactors, these devices contain two functionally different membranes--one ultrafiltration membrane for nutrient supply and one gas-permeable membrane for direct oxygenation of cells. The latest systems of this generation are static culture systems which are of moderate cost and either better than, or equal to, the ascites mice in terms of quality and quantity of produced monoclonal antibodies. We have investigated the advantages of the perfused Tecnomouse bioreactor and the static CELLine culture flasks in comparison to ascites production and conventional roller bottle cultures.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nagel
- ProBioGen GmbH, Berlin, Germany
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Marx U, Polakowski T, Pomorski T, Lang C, Nelson H, Nelson N, Herrmann A. Rapid transbilayer movement of fluorescent phospholipid analogues in the plasma membrane of endocytosis-deficient yeast cells does not require the Drs2 protein. Eur J Biochem 1999; 263:254-63. [PMID: 10429211 DOI: 10.1046/j.1432-1327.1999.00497.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Evidence is presented that endocytosis-deficient Saccharomyces cerevisiae end4 yeast cells rapidly internalize the fluorescent phospholipid analogues 1-palmitoyl-2-{6-[7-nitro-2,1, 3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl(NBD)amino] caproyl}phosphatidylcholine (P-C6-NBD-PtdCho) and P-C6-NBD-phosphatidylserine (P-C6-NBD-PtdSer). Both analogues redistributed between the exoplasmic and cytoplasmic leaflet with a half-time of < 15 min at 0 degrees C. The plateau of internalized analogues was about 70%. Transbilayer movement is probably protein-mediated, as the flip-flop of both analogues was very slow in liposomes composed of plasma-membrane lipids. Rapid analogue internalization was not abolished on depletion of intracellular ATP by about 90%. For P-C6-NBD-PtdCho only was a moderate decrease in the plateau of internalized analogues of about 20% observed, while that of P-C6-NBD-PtdSer was not affected. The Drs2 protein plays only a minor role, if any, in the rapid transbilayer movement of analogues in S. cerevisiae end4 cells. In S. cerevisiae end4 Deltadrs2 cells harbouring both an end4 allele and a drs2 null allele, about 60% and 50% of P-C6-NBD-PtdCho and P-C6-NBD-PtdSer, respectively, became internalized within 15 min at 0 degrees C. The preferential orientation of P-C6-NBD-PtdSer to the cytoplasmic leaflet is in qualitative agreement with the sequestering of endogenous phosphatidylserine to the cytoplasmic leaflet, as assessed by binding of annexin V. Virtually no binding of annexin V to spheroplasts of the parent wild-type strain or the mutant strains was observed. Likewise, no difference in the exposure of endogenous aminophospholipids to the exoplasmic leaflet between these strains was found by labelling with trinitrobenzenesulfonic acid. Thus, lipid asymmetry, at least of aminophospholipids, was preserved in S. cerevisiae end4 cells independently of the presence of the Drs2 protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Institut für Biologie/Biophysik, Germany
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Leibiger H, Wüstner D, Stigler RD, Marx U. Variable domain-linked oligosaccharides of a human monoclonal IgG: structure and influence on antigen binding. Biochem J 1999; 338 ( Pt 2):529-38. [PMID: 10024532 PMCID: PMC1220082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023]
Abstract
The variable-domain-attached oligosaccharide side chains of a human IgG produced by a human-human-mouse heterohybridoma were analysed. In addition to the conserved N-glycosylation site at Asn-297, an N-glycosylation consensus sequence (Asn-Asn-Ser) is located at position 75 in the variable region of its heavy chain. The antibody was cleaved into its antigen-binding (Fab) and crystallizing fragments. The oligosaccharides of the Fab fragment were released by digestion with various endo- and exoglycosidases and analysed by anion-exchange chromatography and fluorophore-assisted carbohydrate electrophoresis. The predominant components were disialyl- bi-antennary and tetra-sialyl tetra-antennary complex carbohydrates. Of note is the presence in this human IgG of oligosaccharides containing N-glycolylneuraminic acid and N-acetylneuraminic acid in the ratio of 94:6. Furthermore, we determined N-acetylgalactosamine in the Fab fragment of this antibody, suggesting the presence of O-linked carbohydrates. A three-dimensional structure of the glycosylated variable (Fv) fragment was suggested using computer-assisted modelling. In addition, the influence of the Fv-associated oligosaccharides of the CBGA1 antibody on antigen binding was tested in several ELISA systems. Deglycosylation resulted in a decreased antigen-binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leibiger
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School (Charité), Humboldt-University, Tucholskystr. 2, D-10117 Berlin, Germany
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Marx U. Membrane-based cell culture technologies: a scientifically and economically satisfactory alternative to malignant ascites production for monoclonal antibodies. Res Immunol 1998; 149:557-9. [PMID: 9835418 DOI: 10.1016/s0923-2494(98)80006-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- University of Leipzig, Institute for Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, Germany
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Halder M, Embleton MJ, Fischer R, de Geus B, Hendriksen C, de Leeuw WA, Marx U, Balls M. Comments on appendix C of the national institutes of health response to the petition of the american anti-vivisection society to prohibit the use of animals in the production of monoclonal antibodies. Altern Lab Anim 1998; 26:549-554. [PMID: 26042436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- M Halder
- ECVAM, JRC Environment Institute, Ispra, Italy
| | - M J Embleton
- Paterson Institute for Cancer Research, Christie Hospital NHS Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - R Fischer
- Laboratorium für Biochemie I, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - B de Geus
- Institute for Animal Science and Health ID-DLO, Lelystad, The Netherlands
| | - C Hendriksen
- National Institute of Public Health and Environmental Protection - RIVM, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - W A de Leeuw
- Department of Animal Experiments, Veterinary Public Health Inspectorate, Ministry of Public Health, Welfare and Sport, Rijswijk, The Netherlands
| | - U Marx
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of Leipzig, Leipzig, Germany
| | - M Balls
- ECVAM, JRC Environment Institute, Ispra, Italy
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Marx U, Bushnaq H, Yalcin E. European research and commercialisation activities in the field of tissue engineering and liver support in world wide competition. Int J Artif Organs 1998; 21:119-26. [PMID: 9569135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Tissue engineering is seen as an interesting field of technology which could improve medical therapy and could also be considered as a commercial opportunity for the European biotechnological industry. Research in the state of the art of science using the MedLine and the Science Citation Index databases, in the patent situation and of the industry dealing with tissue engineering was done. A special method, based on the Science Citation Index Journal Citation Report 1993, for evaluating scientific work was defined. The main countries working in the field of tissue engineering were evaluated in regard to their scientific performance and their patents. The R&D of German industry was investigated as an exemplary European country. Out of all activities, different tissues were rated with respect to the attention received from research and industry and with regard to the frequency in which patents were applied for. USA, Germany and Japan rank first in most tissues, especially liver. After comparing German patents with the German scientific and industrial work, it seems that the potential in German patents and research is underestimated by German industry and inefficiently exploited.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Institute of Clinical Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, University of Leipzig, Germany.
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Marx U, Lassmann G, Wimalasena K, Müller P, Herrmann A. Rapid kinetics of insertion and accessibility of spin-labeled phospholipid analogs in lipid membranes: a stopped-flow electron paramagnetic resonance approach. Biophys J 1997; 73:1645-54. [PMID: 9284331 PMCID: PMC1181063 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3495(97)78196-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Spin-labeled phospholipid analogs have been employed to probe the transbilayer distribution of endogenous phospholipids in various membrane systems. To determine the transmembrane distribution of the spin-labeled analogs, the analogs are usually inserted into the membrane of interest and subsequently the amount of analog in the outer membrane leaflet is determined either by chemical reduction with ascorbate or by back-exchange to bovine serum albumin (BSA). For accurate determination of the transbilayer distribution of analogs, both the kinetics of incorporation and those of accessibility of analogs to ascorbate or BSA have to be fast in comparison to their transbilayer movement. By means of stopped-flow electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy, we have studied the kinetics of incorporation of the spin-labeled phosphatidylcholine (PC) analog 1-palmitoyl-2-(4-doxylpentanoyl)-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (SL-PC) and of its accessibility to chemical reduction and to back-exchange at room temperature. Incorporation of SL-PC into the outer leaflet of egg phosphatidylcholine (EPC) and red cell ghost membranes was essentially completed within 5 s. Ninety percent of the SL-PC molecules located in the outer membrane leaflet of those membranes were extracted by BSA within 15 s. All exterior-facing SL-PC molecules were reduced by ascorbate in a pseudo-first-order reaction within 60 s in EPC membranes and within 90 s in red cell ghost membranes. The rate of the reduction process could be enhanced by approximately 30-fold when 6-O-phenyl-ascorbic acid was used instead of ascorbate as the reducing agent. The results are discussed in light of assaying rapid transbilayer movement of spin-labeled analogs in biological membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Mathematisch-Naturwissenschaftliche Fakultät I, Institut für Biologie/Biophysik, Germany
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Wehgartner-Winkler S, Bullemer F, Marx U, Heindl S, Karg O. [6 minute walking test as stress test for patients treated by intermittent self-ventilation]. Med Klin (Munich) 1997; 92 Suppl 1:22-4. [PMID: 9235471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Until now there are no data about the exercise capacity of patients with chronic ventilatory pump failure before and during IPPV. PATIENTS AND METHODS 55 patients with chronic ventilatory failure-20 patients before IPPV, 35 patients during mechanical ventilation with a mean of 16.5 months-were studied by the six-minute walking test. Eight patients were sampled in a follow-up study before and during IPPV with a mean of 2 months. RESULTS The median walking distance was reduced to 273 in. The exercise capacity of the follow-up patients was not improved. The arterial pO2 during exercise fell markedly, arterial pCO2 increased only moderate. CONCLUSION The exercise capacity of patients with chronic ventilatory failure is markedly reduced. Because of the significant oxygen desaturation on exercise we may frequently indicate ambulatory oxygen therapy.
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Seifert M, Schoenherr G, Roggenbuck D, Marx U, von Baehr R. Generation and characterization of a human monoclonal IgM antibody that recognizes a conserved epitope shared by lipopolysaccharides of different gram-negative bacteria. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1996; 15:191-8. [PMID: 8823616 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1996.15.191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
A hybridoma cell line secreting a human monoclonal antibody (humab) directed to an epitope in the lipid A region of lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria was isolated. Peripheral blood lymphocytes (PBL) obtained from a healthy volunteer were immortalized by Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) transformation. Lymphoblastoid cell lines (LCL) secreting antibodies to the lipopolysaccharides of Gram-negative bacteria were determined by an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and subsequently fused with the human-mouse heteromyeloma cell line CB-F7 by polyethylenglycol (PEG)-mediated fusion. A hybridoma line producing a humab (LPD5H4), of the IgM/lambda isotype, which strongly reacted with the lipid A portion of Salmonella and E. coli spp. in ELISA, was established. The antibody was purified by hydrophobic interaction chromatography and gel filtration. Immunoblotting experiments showed a strong reactivity of the humab LPD5H4 with the lower molecular species of different rough and smooth lipopolysaccharide (LPS) types of the bacteria species Salmonella, E. coli, Klebsiella, and Neisseria meningitidis, whereas those of Pseudomonas spp. were negative. Binding of humab LPD5H4 to solid phase bound lipid A and different rough mutants of LPS could be inhibited by the corresponding antigens in solution. Competition assays with a murine monoclonal antibody to lipid A and with polymyxin B indicate that humab LPD5H4 recognizes its epitope in this extremely conserved part of the LPS molecule. In vitro tests demonstrated that the MAb is able to partially inhibit the LPS-induced release of TNF-alpha using isolated peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Seifert
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School (Charité) of the Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
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Maerz H, Hahn SO, Maassen A, Meisel H, Roggenbuck D, Sato T, Tanzmann H, Emmrich F, Marx U. Improved removal of viruslike particles from purified monoclonal antibody IgM preparation via virus filtration. Nat Biotechnol 1996; 14:651-2. [PMID: 9630961 DOI: 10.1038/nbt0596-651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Varga A, Nugel H, Baehr R, Marx U, Hevér A, Nacsa J, Ocsovszky I, Molnar J. Reversal of multidrug resistance by amitriptyline in vitro. Anticancer Res 1996; 16:209-11. [PMID: 8615610] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Amitriptyline, a tricyclic antidepressant, was able to reverse the multidrug resistance efflux pump of human colon cancer subline SW 620 and multidrug resistant (mdr) mouse lymphoma cells by decreasing rhodamine 123 efflux. The inhibitory effect of amitriptyline on the efflux pump was dose dependent. An investigation was made of the effects of mouse tumour necrosis factor (TNF) alpha and interferon (IFN) gamma on the efflux pump activity of mdr cells together with amitriptyline compared to the par cells (mdr-). After long-term cytokine pretreatment of mdr cells, the amitriptyline was more effective, due to some synergism between the amitriptyline and TNF-alpha.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Varga
- Department of Parasitology, Humboldt-University, Berlin, Germany
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Roggenbuck D, Ladhoff A, Wilding M, Jahn S, Porstmann T, von Baehr R, Marx U. Cell cluster formation during up-scaling of a human-mouse heterohybridoma producing a polyspecific human IgM antibody. Hybridoma (Larchmt) 1995; 14:495-500. [PMID: 8575799 DOI: 10.1089/hyb.1995.14.495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Up- and downstream processing of human monoclonal IgM is known to bring about problems with respect to clone stability and quantity of antibodies produced. A human B cell hybridoma producing a natural polyreactive IgM antibody (CB03) was adapted to growth in serum-free medium and scaled-up using a hollow fiber bioreactor system. The process of fermentation has been carried out continuously over a period of 4 months. In comparison to stationary culture conditions in the presence of 10% fetal calf serum, antibody concentrations in hollow fiber bioreactor supernatants were found to be significantly increased. Semicontinuously harvested supernatants contained up to 400 mg/liter immunoreactive IgM antibody. During the last weeks of fermentation, a markedly reduced number of viable cells was observed, whereas antibody production seemed to remain stable. Furthermore, we detected formation of cell clusters in the fermentor system. These clusters carried IgM on the surface and secreted immunoreactive IgM antibodies. Clusters were found to represent fusions of hybridoma cells using electron microscopy. Cluster formation was accompanied by decreased glucose consumption and lactate accumulation and was not seen during growth of other human hybridomas. We discuss these results in the content of the polyreactive binding properties of this particular antibody.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roggenbuck
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School (Charité), Humboldt-University of Berlin, Germany
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Leibiger H, Hansen A, Schoenherr G, Seifert M, Wüstner D, Stigler R, Marx U. Glycosylation analysis of a polyreactive human monoclonal IgG antibody derived from a human-mouse heterohybridoma. Mol Immunol 1995; 32:595-602. [PMID: 7609736 DOI: 10.1016/0161-5890(95)00009-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Glycosylation of the human monoclonal IgG1 lambda antibody (mAb) CBGA1 was analysed by lectin blotting. The CBGA1 antibody binds to several antigens including donor self antigens, as detected by ELISA immunoblotting techniques and an erythrocyte binding assay. The mAb producing cell line was obtained by EBV transformation of peripheral blood lymphocytes of a healthy donor followed by fusion to the heteromyeloma cell line, CB-F7. The resulting heterohybridoma was cultivated in a hollow fibre bioreactor system. A bulk pool of 0.9 g antibody was produced. Fab and Fc fragments of the purified mAb were prepared and analysed. A noteworthy heterogeneity of CBGA1 and its fragments in SDS-PAGE and IEF was detected. We found glycosylation in the Fab fragment of CBGA1 in addition to the conserved glycosylation site in the Fc fragment at Asn 297. Fab glycosylation was detected in both the Fd region and the lambda-chain. The glycosylation pattern of the gamma-chain differs from that of the lambda-chain. Sequence analysis of the VH gene shows a potential N-glycosylation site located in framework III at position Asn 75.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Leibiger
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School (Charité), Humboldt-University Berlin, Germany
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Roggenbuck D, Kaufmann J, Franz J, Marx U, Schoenherr G, Jahn S, Porstmann T. [Reactivity of a natural human monoclonal polyreactive antibody with exogenous and endogenous antigens and its possible role in an idiotypic-anti-idiotypic network]. Z Arztl Fortbild (Jena) 1994; 88:485-9. [PMID: 7856249] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- D Roggenbuck
- Institut für Medizinische Immunologie, Charité, Humboldt Universität Berlin
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Müthing J, Steuer H, Peter-Katalinić J, Marx U, Bethke U, Neumann U, Lehmann J. Expression of gangliosides GM3 (NeuAc) and GM3 (NeuGc) in myelomas and hybridomas of mouse, rat, and human origin. J Biochem 1994; 116:64-73. [PMID: 7528204 DOI: 10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a124504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this study gangliosides from various myelomas and hybridomas of mouse, rat, and human origin were characterized by thin-layer and high-performance liquid chromatography, immunological methods (overlay technique) and fast atom bombardment mass spectrometry. Exclusively GM3 substituted with C24:1- and C16:0-fatty acid, was found in all B cell-derived cell lines. C18 sphingosine was the single long chain base in each GM3 ceramide portion. The mouse myeloma (NS-1) and all hybridomas, obtained by fusion of mouse, rat, or human B lymphocytes with murine myelomas, showed high GM3 (NeuGc) content (> 75%) and low GM3 (NeuAc) expression. Absolute amounts of GM3 ranged from 0.2 up to 0.8 mg x 10(-9) cells. Normally, human cells do not express NeuGc, and an Epstein-Barr virus-transformed human B lymphocyte line analyzed in this study retained this sialylation status, expressing exclusively GM3 (NeuAc) (100%). The fusion of human B lymphocytes with mouse myelomas led to high GM3 (NeuGc) expression (average about 85%) in all mouse/human heterohybridomas examined. Our results indicate the chromosomal gene "transfer" and/or the activation of enzymes involved in NeuGc-biosynthesis due to the somatic cell fusion process, which might explain the mouse dominance in the manifestation of the NeuGc-phenotype in hybridomas of human origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Müthing
- Institut für Zellkulturtechnik der Universität, Bielefeld, Germany
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Roggenbuck D, Marx U, Kiessig ST, Schoenherr G, Jahn S, Porstmann T. Purification and immunochemical characterization of a natural human polyreactive monoclonal IgM antibody. J Immunol Methods 1994; 167:207-18. [PMID: 8308276 DOI: 10.1016/0022-1759(94)90089-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
In vitro and in vivo experiments to explain the function of natural polyreactive antibodies, usually of the IgM isotype, require large amounts of purified antibodies. We have developed a two-step purification procedure using a human natural polyreactive monoclonal IgM antibody (CB03). This combines hydrophobic interaction chromatography on phenyl-Superose and gel filtration over Superose 12 and readily permits scaling-up to isolate mg to g amounts of antibody. Retention of the CB03 antibody during gel filtration by precipitation and interaction with the gel matrix was overcome by the addition of 10 mM 3-[(3-cholamidopropyl)-dimethylammonio]-1-propanesulfonate. The yield of purified antibody was 34% and Fab fragments were obtained from the purified CB03 antibody by hot tryptic digestion (yield, 68% of theoretical amount). In an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, Fab and complete antibody had similar reaction patterns with different antigens.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Roggenbuck
- Department of Medical Immunology, Medical School (Charité), Humboldt University of Berlin, Germany
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Marx U, Matthes H, Nagel A, Baehr RV. Application of a hollow fiber membrane cell culture system in medicine. Am Biotechnol Lab 1993; 11:26. [PMID: 7764233] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
The Tecnomouse system is useful for cultivating transformed cell lines producing MAbs or recombinant proteins, but human tumor cells can also be propagated for autologous immunization protocols or research properties. Lymphokine-activated killer cell production and stem cell proliferation seem to be possible. Moreover, primary human cells of lymphoid organs can be successfully kept viable over long periods of time in a three-dimensional, tissue-like culture. Therefore, the bioreactor is a tool for the in vitro modulation of a variety of human organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- U Marx
- Humboldt University of Berlin, Charité, Institute of Medical Immunology, Germany
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Terness P, Marx U, Sandilands G, Roelcke D, Welschof M, Opelz G. Suppression of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody-producing B cells by a physiological IgG-anti-F(ab')2 antibody and escape from suppression by tumour transformation; a model relevant for the pathogenesis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia. Clin Exp Immunol 1993; 93:253-8. [PMID: 8394233 PMCID: PMC1554850 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2249.1993.tb07975.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
We showed previously that broadly reactive IgG anti-immunoglobulin autoantibodies produced by rats during the immune response suppress the B cell response. We report here on the effect of a similar human antibody on self-reactive human B cells. IgG anti-F(ab')2 was added to cultures of anti-erythrocyte autoantibody-producing B cells derived from healthy donors. A dose-dependent suppression of the antibody response was obtained (maximum at 1.3 ng IgG/10(6) cells). This effect was competitively inhibited by F(ab')2 gamma. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia can be caused by chronic monoclonal B cell proliferation. To reproduce this condition in vitro we immortalized B cells with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) and raised a B cell population with anti-erythrocyte autoantibody activity. These cells were electrically fused with CB-F7 tumour cells and an IgG1 cold-reactive anti-erythrocyte autoantibody-producing B cell line was established. Surprisingly, the tumour cells were not suppressed by IgG anti-F(ab')2. It is known that anti-immunoglobulins selectively suppress antigen-receptor (AgR)-occupied B cells by a Fc gamma-receptor (Fc gamma R)-mediated mechanism. To occupy their AgR, we preincubated the tumour cells with anti-AgR antibody. In spite of this, their susceptibility to suppression was not restored. As shown by rabbit IgG-sensitized ox erythrocyte (EA)-rosetting, this refractoriness was not due to a loss of Fc gamma R. Our experiments delineate a mechanism of peripheral B cell suppression to autoantigens, and show a way of escape from control relevant for the pathogenesis of autoimmune haemolytic anaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Terness
- Blood Bank, University of Heidelberg, Germany
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Penzel T, Marx U, Mayer J, Peter JH, von Wichert P. [Long-term registration of arterial blood pressure in sleep with noninvasive methods]. Pneumologie 1993; 47 Suppl 1:147-50. [PMID: 8497468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Sleep related breathing disorders and essential hypertension are highly interrelated. Many different studies proved a casual relationship between the two disorders (1,2). In a clinical sleep laboratory diagnostics of hypertension has to be non-invasive. There are two completely different methodologies to record blood pressure noninvasively. Continuous methods using fingerphotoplethysmography can record apnea related cyclical variations of blood pressure beat to beat. Unfortunately the absolute value of the pressure readings is sensitive to the position of the finger sensor. Noncontinuous methods using arm cuff inflation preserve appropriate blood pressure values but these are only spot measures during the night. To make use of these it is necessary to record other sleep and respiration related signals in parallel. Both methods were applied in our sleep laboratory and results are presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Penzel
- Medizinische Poliklinik, Philipps-Universität Marburg
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Abstract
Up to 50% of hypertensive men are subject to sleep apnea (SA). With a prevalence in men of up to 10%, SA is a common illness and hypertension (HT) one of its early symptoms. It is important to have available a drug treatment that will effectively control blood pressure (BP) without exacerbating symptoms of SA. Twelve patients with SA and HT were investigated in a double-blind, comparative trial. Patients were randomly allocated to either metoprolol (M) 100 mg daily or cilazapril (C) 2.5 mg daily. Polysomnographic measurements under standardized conditions including intraarterial BP monitoring were taken on two consecutive nights each before and after the 1-week treatment. Values in the M group were (mean +/- 95% CI) systolic BP 161 +/- 2.1 vs. 148 +/- 2.2 mm Hg (p less than 0.01); diastolic BP 98 +/- 1.8 vs. 93 +/- 1.8 mm Hg (p less than 0.01); and HR 73 +/- 1.2 vs 65 +/- 1.1 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Corresponding figures for the C group were systolic BP 140 +/- 2.1 vs. 127 +/- 2.1 mm Hg (p less than 0.01); diastolic BP 95 +/- 1.7 vs. 78 +/- 1.7 mm Hg (p less than 0.01); and HR 82 +/- 1.1 vs. 79 +/- 1.2 beats/min (p less than 0.01). Whereas C reduced both BP and HR in all sleep phases, M produced no changes during REM sleep. SA activity was 45 (range 15-91) vs. 34 (range 2-57) apneas per hour of sleep in the M group and 54 (range 21-84) vs. 40 (range 8-72) apneas per hour in the C group (p less than 0.01). There were no changes in total sleep time or in the proportions of non-REM to REM sleep. Both M and C reduce nocturnal BP in SA patients, but the effect of C is seen in all sleep phases. C has a more favorable effect on the disturbed nocturnal blood pressure of SA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mayer
- Department of Medicine, Philipps Universität, Marburg, F.R.G
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Cyba-Altunbay S, Marx U. [Preventing infection in vascular surgery. Possibilities and limits]. Fortschr Med 1988; 106:356-9. [PMID: 3402890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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Hoppe W, Marx U, Dlubek G, Brümmer O. Combined investigations of NiAl alloys by means of X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, compton gamma scattering and positron annihilation. Cryst Res Technol 1988. [DOI: 10.1002/crat.2170230320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Steinacker JM, Marx TR, Marx U, Lormes W. Oxygen consumption and metabolic strain in rowing ergometer exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 1986; 55:240-7. [PMID: 3732251 DOI: 10.1007/bf02343794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen consumption (VO2) when rowing was determined on a mechanically braked rowing ergometer (RE) with an electronic measuring device. VO2 was measured by an open spirometric system. The pneumotachograph valve was fixed to the sliding seat, thus reducing movement artefacts. A multi-stage test was performed, beginning with a work load of 150 W and increasing by 50 W every 2 minutes up to exhaustion. Serum lactate concentrations were determined in a 30 s break between the work stages. 61 examinations of oarsmen performing at maximum power of 5 W X kg-1 or more were analysed VO2 and heart rate (HR) for each working stage were measured and the regression line of VO2 on the work load (P) and an estimation error (Sxy) were calculated: VO2 = 12.5 X P + 415.2 (ml X min-1) (Sxy = +/- 337 ml, r = 0.98) Good reproducibility was found in repeated examinations. Similar spiroergometry was carried out on a bicycle ergometer (BE) with 10 well trained rowers and 6 trained cyclists. VO2 of rowing was about 600 ml X min-1 higher than for bicycling in the submaximal stages for both groups. The VO2max of RE exercise was 2.6% higher than for oarsmen on BE, and the cyclists reached a greater VO2 on BE than the oarsmen. No differences were found between RE and BE exercise heart rate. The net work efficiency when rowing was 19% for both groups, experienced and inexperienced: when cycling it was 25% for cyclists and 23% for oarsmen.
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Marx U. [Selective epiphyseal sclerosis]. Radiologe 1967; 7:390-1. [PMID: 5589761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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