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Gowri V, Monteiro A. Acquired preferences for a novel food odor do not become stronger or stable after multiple generations of odor feeding in Bicyclus anynana butterfly larvae. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2024; 1531:84-94. [PMID: 38113288 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.15090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Many herbivorous insects have specific host-plant preferences, and it is unclear how these preferences evolved. Previously, we found that Bicyclus anynana larvae can learn to prefer novel food odors from eating leaves with those odors and transmit those learned preferences to the next generation. It is uncertain whether such acquired odor preferences can increase across generations of repeated odor feeding and be maintained even in the absence of odor. In this study, we fed larvae with novel banana odor-coated leaves (odor-fed larvae) for five consecutive generations, without selection on behavioral choices, and measured how larval innate preferences changed over time. Then, we removed the odor stimulus from a larval subgroup, while the other group continued to be odor-fed. Our results show that larvae learned to prefer the novel odor within a generation of odor feeding and transmitted the learned preference to the next generation, as previously found. Odor-fed larvae preferred odor significantly more compared to control larvae across five generations of repeated odor or control feeding. However, this led neither to increased odor preference, nor its stabilization. This suggests that when butterfly larvae feed on a new host, a preference for that novel food plant may develop and be transmitted to the next generation, but this preference lasts for a single generation and disappears once the odor stimulus is removed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
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2
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Dar AH, Ahmad A, Kumar A, Gowri V, Jori C, Sartaliya S, K M N, Ali N, Bishnoi M, Khan R, Jayamurugan G. Superior Photophysical and Photosensitizing Properties of Nanoaggregates of Weakly Emissive Dyes for Use in Bioimaging and Photodynamic Therapy. Biomacromolecules 2023; 24:5438-5450. [PMID: 37856822 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biomac.3c00892] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2023]
Abstract
The development of luminescent dyes based on 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) is an active research area, and a quantum yield (ΦF) of 7.8% has been achieved so far in cyclohexane by appending a fluorophore. Our novel method radically refines weakly emissive 2,3-disubstituted TCBD (phenyl-TCBD 1) (ΦF = 2.3% in CH3CN) into a water-soluble, biocompatible nanoformulation as highly emissive aggregates 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 with ΦF = 7.9% in H2O and without fluorophore conjugation. Characterization of 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 was carried out using various spectroscopic techniques, and its predominant size was found to be 80-100 nm according to transmission electron microscopy and dynamic light scattering techniques. Spectroscopic studies including Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy revealed that aggregated phenyl-TCBD particles were encapsulated in a nonluminescent triblock copolymer (PF-127)-based nanomicelles with the TCBD entrapment efficiency of 77%. With increasing water fraction, the phenyl-TCBD nanoaggregates exhibited a 3-fold higher quantum yield, a greater lifetime, and a red shift (155 nm). This remarkable enhancement in red emissivity enabled them to be used as a bioprobe for bioimaging applications and in photodynamic therapy to selectively target cancer cell lines with singlet oxygen generation capability (ΦΔ = 0.25). According to the MTT assay, compared to the native molecular form (1229 nM), the aggregated 1NPs ⊂ PF-127 (13.51 nM) exhibited dose-dependent cell death when exposed to light with 91-fold increased activity. The histoarchitectures of various vital organs (liver, kidneys, heart, lungs, and spleen) were intact when tested for in vivo biocompatibility. This study has significant implications for developing nonplanar push-pull chromophore-based dyes as biosensors and with potential applications beyond bioimaging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Chandrashekhar Jori
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Nemat Ali
- Department of Pharmacology & Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahendra Bishnoi
- National Agri-Food Biotechnology Institute, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306 Punjab, India
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3
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Shekar Roy H, K M N, Rajput S, Sadhukhan S, Gowri V, Hassan Dar A, Monga M, Salaria N, Guha R, Chattopadhyay N, Jayamurugan G, Ghosh D. Efficient Nitric Oxide Scavenging by Urea-Functionalized Push-Pull Chromophore Modulates NO-Mediated Diseases. Chemistry 2023; 29:e202301748. [PMID: 37431238 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202301748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
The excess nitric oxide (NO) produced in the body in response to bacterial/proinflammatory stimuli is responsible for several pathological conditions. The current approaches that target the production of excess NO, either through the inhibition of nitric oxide synthase enzyme or its downstream mediators have been clinically unsuccessful. With an aim to regulate the excess NO, urea-functionalized push-pull chromophores containing 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBD) or expanded TCBD (eTCBD) were developed as NO scavengers. The NMR mechanistic studies revealed that upon NO binding, these molecules are converted to uncommon stable NONOates. The unique emissive property of Urea-eTCBD enables its application in vitro, as a NO-sensor. Furthermore, the cytocompatible Urea-eTCBD, rapidly inactivated the NO released from LPS-activated cells. The therapeutic efficacy of the molecule in modulating NO-mediated pathological condition was confirmed using a carrageenan-induced inflammatory paw model and a corneal injury model. While the results confirm the advantages of scavenging the excess NO to address a multitude of NO-mediated diseases, the promising sensing and bioactivity of Urea-eTCBD can motivate further exploration of such molecules in allied areas of research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Himadri Shekar Roy
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Neethu K M
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Swati Rajput
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Sreyanko Sadhukhan
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Malika Monga
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Navita Salaria
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Rajdeep Guha
- Division of Laboratory Animal Facility, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Naibedya Chattopadhyay
- Division of Endocrinology and Centre for Research in ASTHI, CSIR-Central Drug Research Institute, Lucknow, 226031, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
| | - Deepa Ghosh
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector-81, Mohali, 140306, Punjab, India
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Neethu KM, Nag K, Dar AH, Bajaj A, Gopal SA, Gowri V, Nagpure M, Sartaliya S, Sharma R, Solanki AK, Ehesan Ali M, Muthukrishnan A, Jayamurugan G. A study of [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization in water: observation of substrate-driven transient-nanoreactor-induced new reactivity. Org Biomol Chem 2023; 21:2922-2929. [PMID: 36943100 DOI: 10.1039/d3ob00053b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/12/2023]
Abstract
Organic solvents limit [2 + 2] cycloaddition-retroelectrocyclization (CA-RE) in biological fields. We examined the formation of 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-dienes (TCBDs) through CA-RE reactions and their unusual reactivity to produce N-heterocyclic compounds when the nature of the surfactant and the concentrations were varied in the aqueous phase. An environment in which transient self-assemblies (vesicles) were induced by the substrate and surfactant molecules initiated new reactivity through H2O addition on the TCBD, generating the enol form of the intermediate, which results in the formation of the 6,6-dicyano-heteropentafulvene (amidofulvene) compound, while lamellar sheets at higher concentrations favored TCBD generation. Interestingly, the amidofulvene underwent a clean transformation to 6-membered heterocycles that resemble cardiotonic drugs (milrinone, amrinone) via keto-enol tautomerism mediated by a polar aprotic solvent, opening up a new avenue for drug discovery. Unlike organic-solvent-mediated CA-RE reactions, the present nanoreactor-mediated approach enabled the selective production of TCBDs as well as new heterocycles using H2O as a green solvent. In addition to the widely explored organic electronics/materials, we believe that this study will help to overcome the long-standing limitation of CA-RE reaction applicability in biological fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- K M Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Kritika Nag
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Ashima Bajaj
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - S Arya Gopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Mithilesh Nagpure
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Raina Sharma
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Arun Kumar Solanki
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
| | - Azhagumuthu Muthukrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India.
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Kumar A, Selim A, Gowri V, Ahmad A, Vyawahare A, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Raza SS, Jayamurugan G, Khan R. Cellulose-Conjugated Copper-Oxide Nanoparticles for the Treatment of Ethanol-Induced Gastric Ulcers in Wistar Rats. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2636-2643. [PMID: 35513890 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Gastric ulcer (GU) is the most common and chronic inflammatory condition mediated by multiple immune cells like neutrophils, macrophages, and lymphocytes with multiple pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukins such as IL-8, IL-10, IL-β, and interferon-γ (IFN-γ). Copper (Cu) is one of the essential micronutrients mainly found in the liver and brain. It plays a major role in metabolism, enzyme conversion, free radical scavenging, trafficking agents, and many others. Due to its various roles in the biological system, it can also be used as a therapeutic agent in many diseases like colon cancer, bone fracture healing, angiogenesis, as an antibacterial, wound-healing and radiotherapeutic agents. In this study, we used thiol-functionalized cellulose-conjugated copper-oxide nanoparticles (CuI/IIO NPs) synthesized under environmentally friendly conditions. We have evaluated the effects of cellulose-conjugated CuI/IIO NPs against ethanol-induced gastric ulcer in Wistar rats. The cellulose-conjugated CuI/IIO NPs were evaluated against different physical, histochemical, and inflammatory parameters. The NPs promoted mucosal healing by ameliorating ulcerative damage, restoring the histoarchitecture of gastric mucosa, and inhibiting pro-inflammatory cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), and other inflammatory biomarkers such as myeloperoxidase (MPO) activity and nitric oxide (NO) levels. The current study's findings suggest that cellulose-conjugated CuI/IIO NPs exerted antiulcer effects on the preclinical rat model and have promising potential as a novel therapeutic agent for the treatment of gastric ulcers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ajay Kumar
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Abdul Selim
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Akshay Vyawahare
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector-125, Noida 201303, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow 226003, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Mishra RK, Selim A, Gowri V, Ahmad A, Nadeem A, Siddiqui N, Raza SS, Jayamurugan G, Khan R. Thiol-Functionalized Cellulose-Grafted Copper Oxide Nanoparticles for the Therapy of Experimental Colitis in Swiss Albino Mice. ACS Biomater Sci Eng 2022; 8:2088-2095. [PMID: 35452219 DOI: 10.1021/acsbiomaterials.2c00124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a chronic inflammatory disease, which deleteriously affects the lower end of the gastrointestinal tract, i.e., the colon and the rectum. UC affects colonic inflammatory homeostasis and disrupts intestinal barrier functions. Intestinal tissue damage activates the immune system and collectively worsens the disease condition via the production of various cytokines. Ongoing therapeutics of UC have marked limitations like rapid clearance, extensive first-pass metabolism, poor drug absorption, very low solubility, bioavailability, etc. Because of these restrictions, the management of UC demands a rational approach that selectively delivers the drug at the site of action to overcome the therapeutic limiting factors. Metallic nanoparticles (NPs) have good therapeutic efficacy against colitis, but their uses are limited due to adverse effects on the biological system. In this study, we have used biocompatible thiol-functionalized cellulose-grafted copper oxide nanoparticles (C-CuI/IIO NPs) to treat UC. The metal NPs alleviated the colitis condition as evidenced by the colon length and observed physical parameters. Analysis of histopathology demonstrated the recovery of the colon architecture damaged by dextran sulfate sodium-induced colitis. Treatment with C-CuI/IIO NPs reduced the disintegration of goblet cells and the retainment of sulfomucin. Significant downregulation of inflammatory markers like MPO activity, as well as levels of nitrite and TNF-α, was found following C-CuI/IIO NP treatment. The observations from the study suggested that intrarectal treatment of colitis with cellulose-based C-CuI/IIO NPs successfully combated the intestinal inflammatory condition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Abdul Selim
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Anas Ahmad
- Julia McFarlane Diabetes Research Centre (JMDRC) and Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases and Hotchkiss Brain Institute, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta T2N 4N1, Canada
| | - Ahmed Nadeem
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Nahid Siddiqui
- Amity Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Noida 201303, India
| | - Syed Shadab Raza
- Laboratory for Stem Cell & Restorative Neurology, Department of Biotechnology, Era's Lucknow Medical College and Hospital, Sarfarazganj, Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh 226003, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Energy and Environment Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Chemical Biology Unit, Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Knowledge City, Sector 81, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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Dar AH, Gowri V, Mishra RK, Khan R, Jayamurugan G. Nanotechnology-Assisted, Single-Chromophore-Based White-Light-Emitting Organic Materials with Bioimaging Properties. Langmuir 2022; 38:430-438. [PMID: 34965146 DOI: 10.1021/acs.langmuir.1c02797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
White-light-emitting (WLE) organic materials, especially small molecules comprising a single chromophoric unit, have received much attention due to their tremendous use in modern-day electronic devices and biomaterials. They can increase the efficiency and lifetime of devices compared to the currently used combination approach. Herein, we explored a small symmetric push-pull organic molecule Hexyl-TCBD with a single 1,1,4,4-tetracyanobuta-1,3-diene (TCBD) chromophoric unit containing urea as a key functional group on an acceptor-donor∼donor-acceptor (A-D∼D-A) backbone for its ability to show white-light emission in solution as well as in the solid state. The luminescence was absent in the solid state due to the H-bonding- and π-stacking-driven quenching processes, while emission behavior in solution was tunable with variable CIE chromaticity index values via hydrogen (H)-bonding-governed disaggregation phenomena. Translation of WLE from the Hexyl-TCBD solution to a solid state was demonstrated by utilizing nonemissive polystyrene (80 wt % with respect to the chromophore) as the matrix to obtain WLE nanofibers (made by the electrospun technique) via segregating the molecules. The optical microscopy study validated the WLE nanofibers. The presence of multicolor photoluminescence, including white light, could be fine-tuned through various excitation wavelengths, solvent polarities, and polystyrene matrices. Furthermore, the detailed photophysical studies, including lifetime measurements, indicated that the inherent intramolecular charge transfer (ICT) bands of Hexyl-TCBD exhibit better ICT state stabilization by space charge distribution through the modulation of H-bonding between urea groups. Finally, a cytotoxicity study was performed for Hexyl-TCBD on normal and cancer cell lines using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay to explore bioimaging applications in biosystems. MTT results revealed significant toxicity toward cancer cells, whereas normal cells exhibited good biocompatibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rakesh Kumar Mishra
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Rehan Khan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Knowledge City, Sector 81, SAS Nagar, Manauli PO, Mohali, Punjab 140306, India
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8
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Selim A, Neethu KM, Gowri V, Sartaliya S, Kaur S, Jayamurugan G. Thiol‐Functionalized Cellulose Wrapped Copperoxide as a Green Nano Catalyst for Regiospecific Azide‐Alkyne Cycloaddition Reaction: Application in Rufinamide Synthesis. ASIAN J ORG CHEM 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/ajoc.202100658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Abdul Selim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - K. M. Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Sharanjeet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST) Knowledge City, Sector 81 Mohali Punjab 140306 India
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Gowri V, Monteiro A. Inheritance of Acquired Traits in Insects and Other Animals and the Epigenetic Mechanisms That Break the Weismann Barrier. J Dev Biol 2021; 9:41. [PMID: 34698204 PMCID: PMC8544363 DOI: 10.3390/jdb9040041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 10/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The credibility of the Weismann barrier has come into question. Several studies in various animal systems, from mice to worms, have shown that novel environmental stimuli can generate an altered developmental or behavioral trait that can be transmitted to offspring of the following generation. Recently, insects have become ideal models to study the inheritance of acquired traits. This is because insects can be reared in high numbers at low cost, they have short generation times and produce abundant offspring. Numerous studies have shown that an insect can modify its phenotype in response to a novel stimulus to aid its survival, and also that this modified phenotypic trait can be inherited by its offspring. Epigenetic mechanisms are likely at play but, most studies do not address the mechanisms that underlie the inheritance of acquired traits in insects. Here we first review general epigenetic mechanisms such as DNA methylation, histone acetylation and small noncoding RNAs that have been implicated in the transmission of acquired traits in animals, then we focus on the few insect studies in which these mechanisms have been investigated.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Gowri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore;
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, Singapore 138609, Singapore
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10
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Chan IZW, Ngan ZC, Naing L, Lee Y, Gowri V, Monteiro A. Predation favours Bicyclus anynana butterflies with fewer forewing eyespots. Proc Biol Sci 2021; 288:20202840. [PMID: 34034526 PMCID: PMC8150031 DOI: 10.1098/rspb.2020.2840] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There are fewer eyespots on the forewings versus hindwings of nymphalids but the reasons for this uneven distribution remain unclear. One possibility is that, in many butterflies, the hindwing covers part of the ventral forewing at rest and there are fewer forewing sectors to display eyespots (covered eyespots are not continuously visible and are less likely to be under positive selection). A second explanation is that having fewer forewing eyespots confers a selective advantage against predators. We analysed wing overlap at rest in 275 nymphalid species with eyespots and found that many have exposed forewing sectors without eyespots: i.e. wing overlap does not constrain the forewing from having the same number or more eyespots than the hindwing. We performed two predation experiments with mantids to compare the relative fitness of and attack damage patterns on two forms of Bicyclus anynana butterflies, both with seven hindwing eyespots, but with two (in wild-type) or four (in Spotty) ventral forewing eyespots. Spotty experienced more intense predation on the forewings, were shorter-lived and laid fewer eggs. These results suggest that predation pressure limits forewing eyespot number in B. anynana. This may occur if attacks on forewing eyespots have more detrimental consequences for flight than attacks on hindwing eyespots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ian Z. W. Chan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
| | - Zhe Ching Ngan
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
| | - Lin Naing
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
| | - Yueying Lee
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
| | - V Gowri
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, 14 Science Drive 4 117557, Singapore
- Science Division, Yale-NUS College, 16 College Avenue West, 138527, Singapore
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Gowri V, Jalwal S, Dar AH, Gopal A, Muthukrishnan A, Bajaj A, Ali ME, Jayamurugan G. A subtle change in substituent enabled multi-ways fluorine anion signals including paper-strip colorimetric detection using urea-functionalized push–pull chromophore receptor. J Photochem Photobiol A Chem 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochem.2021.113163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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Dar AH, Gowri V, Neethu KM, Jayamurugan G. Synthesis of 1,1,4,4‐Tetracyanobuta‐1,3‐Dienes using Tetracyanoethylene Oxide via [3+2]‐Cycloaddition‐Ring Opening Reaction. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali 160062 Punjab India
| | | | - K. M. Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology Mohali 160062 Punjab India
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Kaur S, Mukhopadhyaya A, Selim A, Gowri V, Neethu KM, Dar AH, Sartaliya S, Ali ME, Jayamurugan G. Tuning of cross-Glaser products mediated by substrate-catalyst polymeric backbone interactions. Chem Commun (Camb) 2020; 56:2582-2585. [PMID: 32016225 DOI: 10.1039/c9cc08565c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Tuning of cross-Glaser products using different polymeric backbones supported by copper oxide nano-catalysts has been demonstrated by tweaking the substrate-catalyst interactions under greener conditions. Further, highly reactive magnetically separable and recyclable catalyst with scalability is demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharanjeet Kaur
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Abdul Selim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - K M Neethu
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | - Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
| | | | - Md Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Mohali-160062, Punjab, India.
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Gowri V, Dion E, Viswanath A, Piel FM, Monteiro A. Transgenerational inheritance of learned preferences for novel host plant odors inBicyclus anynanabutterflies. Evolution 2019; 73:2401-2414. [DOI: 10.1111/evo.13861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2019] [Accepted: 09/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- V. Gowri
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Emilie Dion
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Athmaja Viswanath
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Florence Monteiro Piel
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
| | - Antónia Monteiro
- Department of Biological SciencesNational University of Singapore 14 Science Drive 4 117543 Singapore
- Yale‐NUS‐College 6 College Avenue East 138614 Singapore
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Dar AH, Gowri V, Gopal A, Muthukrishnan A, Bajaj A, Sartaliya S, Selim A, Ali ME, Jayamurugan G. Designing of Push–Pull Chromophores with Tunable Electronic and Luminescent Properties Using Urea as the Electron Donor. J Org Chem 2019; 84:8941-8947. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.joc.9b00841] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Arif Hassan Dar
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Arya Gopal
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Azhagumuthu Muthukrishnan
- School of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Thiruvananthapuram, Thiruvananthapuram 695551, Kerala, India
| | - Ashima Bajaj
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Shaifali Sartaliya
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Abdul Selim
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Md. Ehesan Ali
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
| | - Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology (INST), Phase 10, Sector 64, Mohali, Punjab 160062, India
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Gowri V, Valluvan KR, Chamundeeswari VV. Automated Detection and Classification of Microcalcification Clusters with Enhanced Preprocessing and Fractal Analysis. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev 2018; 19:3093-3098. [PMID: 30486547 PMCID: PMC6318408 DOI: 10.31557/apjcp.2018.19.11.3093] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
This paper addresses the automated detection of microcalcification clusters from mammogram images by enhanced preprocessing operations on digital mammograms for automated extraction of breast tissue from background, removing artefacts occurring during image registration using X-rays, followed by fractal analysis of suspicious regions. Identification of breast of either left or right and realigning them to a standard position forms a primitive step in preprocessing of mammograms. As the next step in the process, pectoral muscles are separated. Suspicious regions of microcalcifications are identified and are subjected to further analysis of classifying it as benign or malignant. Texture features are representative of its malignancy and fractal analysis was carried out on extracted suspicious regions for its texture features. Principal Component Analysis was carried out to extract optimal features. Ten features were found to be an optimal number of reduced texture features without compromising on classification accuracy. Scaled conjugate Gradient Back propagation network was used for classification using reduced texture features obtained from PCA analysis. By varying hidden layer neurons, accuracy of results achieved by proposed methods is analysed and is calculated to reach maximum accuracy with an optimal level of 15 neurons. Accuracy of 96.3% was achieved with 10 fractal features as input to neural network and 15 hidden layer neurons in neural network designed. The design of architecture is finalised with maximised accuracy for labelling microcalcification clusters as benign or malignant.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Information Technology, Velammal Engineering College, Chennai, India.
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Hossen A, Barhoum A, Jaju D, Gowri V, Al-Hashmi K, Hassan MO, Al-Kharusi L. Identification of patients with preeclampsia from normal subjects using wavelet-based spectral analysis of heart rate variability. Technol Health Care 2017; 25:641-649. [PMID: 28436399 DOI: 10.3233/thc-160681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The spectral analysis of the heart rate variability (HRV) shows a decrease in the power of the high frequency (HF) component in preeclamptic pregnancy compared with normal pregnancy; such a decrease is associated with an increase in the low frequency (LF) and the very low frequency (VLF) power. The physiological interpretation is that preeclamptic pregnancy is associated with a facilitation of sympathetic regulation and an attenuation of parasympathetic influence of HR compared with non-pregnancy and normal pregnancy. OBJECTIVE To use an efficient nased on spectral analysis non-invasive technique to identify preeclamptic pregnant subjects from normal pregnant in Oman. METHODS The soft-decision wavelet-based technique is implemented to find the power of the HRV bands in high resolution manner compared to the classical fast Fourier Transform method. Data was obtained from 20 preeclamptic pregnant subjects and 20 normal pregnant controls of the same pregnancy duration, obtained from Nizwa and Sultan Qaboos University hospitals in Oman. RESULTS The soft-decision wavelet method succeeds to identify patients from normal pregnant with specificity, sensitivity and accuracy of 90%, 80% and 85%, respectively, compared to the FFT which results in 75% specificity, sensitivity and accuracy. CONCLUSION The LF power obtained by Soft-decision wavelet decomposition is shown to be a successful feature for identification of preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Hossen
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - A Barhoum
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, College of Engineering, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - D Jaju
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - K Al-Hashmi
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - M O Hassan
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
| | - L Al-Kharusi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, College of Medicine, Sultan Qaboos University, Al Khoudh, Oman
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Al Kharusi L, Al Busafi S, Alazri Z, Gowri V, Manjunath A. Role of pessaries in management of women with pelvic organ prolapse and stress urinary incontinence at a University Hospital in Oman. Eur J Obstet Gynecol Reprod Biol 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejogrb.2016.07.040] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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19
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Jayamurugan G, Gowri V, Hernández D, Martin S, González-Orive A, Dengiz C, Dumele O, Pérez-Murano F, Gisselbrecht JP, Boudon C, Schweizer WB, Breiten B, Finke AD, Jeschke G, Bernet B, Ruhlmann L, Cea P, Diederich F. Design and Synthesis of Aviram-Ratner-Type Dyads and Rectification Studies in Langmuir-Blodgett (LB) Films. Chemistry 2016; 22:10539-47. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.201505216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2015] [Revised: 04/30/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Govindasamy Jayamurugan
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
- Institute of Nano Science and Technology, Habitat Centre, Sector-64, Phase-X; Mohali India
| | - Vijayendran Gowri
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - David Hernández
- Departamento de Química Física; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain), Fax: (+34) 976-761-202
| | - Santiago Martin
- Departamento de Química Física; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain), Fax: (+34) 976-761-202
- Instituto de Ciencia de Materiales de Aragón (ICMA); Universidad de Zaragoza-CSIC; 50009 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Alejandro González-Orive
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio i+d. Campus Rio Ebro; Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n; 50017 Zaragoza Spain
| | - Cagatay Dengiz
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Oliver Dumele
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Francesc Pérez-Murano
- Instituto de Microelectrónica de Barcelona (IMB-CNM, CSIC), Campus UAB; 08193 Bellaterra Spain
| | - Jean-Paul Gisselbrecht
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide; Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Corinne Boudon
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide; Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - W. Bernd Schweizer
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Benjamin Breiten
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Aaron D. Finke
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Gunnar Jeschke
- Laboratory of Physical Chemistry; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 2 8093 Zurich Switzerland
| | - Bruno Bernet
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
| | - Laurent Ruhlmann
- Laboratoire d'Electrochimie et de Chimie Physique du Corps Solide; Institut de Chimie-UMR 7177, C.N.R.S.; Université de Strasbourg; 4 rue Blaise Pascal, CS 90032 67081 Strasbourg Cedex France
| | - Pilar Cea
- Departamento de Química Física; Facultad de Ciencias; Universidad de Zaragoza; 50009 Zaragoza Spain), Fax: (+34) 976-761-202
- Instituto de Nanociencia de Aragón (INA) and Laboratorio de Microscopias Avanzadas (LMA), Edificio i+d. Campus Rio Ebro; Universidad de Zaragoza, C/Mariano Esquillor, s/n; 50017 Zaragoza Spain
| | - François Diederich
- Laboratorium für Organische Chemie; ETH Zurich; Vladimir-Prelog-Weg 3 8093 Zurich Switzerland), Fax: (+41) 44-632-1109
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Al-Shukri M, Mathew M, Al-Ghafri W, Al-Kalbani M, Al-Kharusi L, Gowri V. A clinicopathological study of women with adnexal masses presenting with acute symptoms. Ann Med Health Sci Res 2014; 4:286-8. [PMID: 24761256 PMCID: PMC3991958 DOI: 10.4103/2141-9248.129067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Abdominal pain is one of the most common presentations of adnexal pathology in gynecology. Early diagnosis and intervention is essential especially in adolescent girls and reproductive age group women to conserve reproductive function. Aim: The purpose of the following study is to assess the clinicopathologic outcome of women with adnexal masses presenting with acute pain. Subjects and Methods: A retrospective study of women with adnexal masses who had surgical intervention for acute symptoms from June 2007 to May 2012 was undertaken. During the study period, a total of 57 women were operated for adnexal masses as emergency. Results: Of the 57 women operated for adnexal masses as emergency, the most common pathology was teratoma 26% (15/57) followed by corpus luteal hemorrhage (16%) and endometriosis (14%). Laparoscopy was the initial surgical approach in just over 50% of patients, but surgery was completed laparoscopically only in about one-third of patients. Conservative surgery in the form of ovarian cystectomy was possible in 70% of patients. Conclusion: Complications of adnexal masses such as torsion and hemorrhage are common causes of acute abdominal pain. Timely diagnosis of the adnexal pathology and surgical intervention will help to preserve the reproductive outcome. Conservative surgery was possible in 70% of our study group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Al-Shukri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - M Mathew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - W Al-Ghafri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - M Al-Kalbani
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - L Al-Kharusi
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
| | - V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Al-Shukri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, P.O Box 35, Al-Khoud 123. Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Al Riyami AZ, Al Salmani M, Al Hashami S, Al Mahrooqi S, Al Hinai S, Al Balushi H, Al Riyami N, Gowri V, Al Dughaishi T, Al Hosni S, Al-Khabori M, Al-Farsi K, Al Huneini M, Alkindi S. Successful management of severe hemolytic disease of the fetus due to anti-Jsb using intrauterine transfusions with serial maternal blood donations: a case report and a review of the literature. Transfusion 2013; 54:238-43. [PMID: 23829228 DOI: 10.1111/trf.12331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2012] [Revised: 03/31/2013] [Accepted: 04/02/2013] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The management of pregnant women with anti-Jsb is challenging due to the paucity of antigen-negative blood for fetal and neonatal transfusion. CASE REPORT A 29-year-old woman with anti-Jsb was referred for assessment of recurrent fetal losses. With the presence of the sister as a historically matched donor, she was planned for active surveillance for fetal anemia during pregnancy. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS The fetus remained well until 21 weeks of gestation when signs of fetal anemia and early hydrops fetalis were noted. Anti-Jsb titer was at 128. The sister's red blood cells (RBCs) were cross-match incompatible. Urgent intrauterine transfusion (IUT) was performed with washed irradiated maternal RBCs, donated after cessation of heparin. The mother was given intravenous iron (IV-Fe) and continued on weekly recombinant human erythropoietin (rHu-EPO). RESULTS Repeated IUTs were needed every 1 to 3 weeks. Throughout a 7-week period, three maternal donations were performed with total donated whole blood volume of 1250 mL, supporting four IUTs. At 29 weeks of gestation, the procedure was complicated by umbilical cord hematoma necessitating urgent cesarean section. A male newborn was delivered, transfused at birth, and subsequently treated with phototherapy and five top-up transfusions. CONCLUSION This case represents a successful example of managing hemolytic disease of the fetus due to a rare antibody using maternal blood. It also supports previous data on safety of maternal donations during pregnancy and the use of combination of rHu-EPO and IV-Fe as a supportive measure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa Z Al Riyami
- Department of Hematology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman; Department of Hematology, Royal Hospital, Muscat, Oman
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Gowri V, Chandraleka C, Vanaja R. The current seroprevalence of hepatitis C virus in a tertiary care centre in vellore, Tamil Nadu. Indian J Community Med 2012; 37:137. [PMID: 22654292 PMCID: PMC3361801 DOI: 10.4103/0970-0218.96110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Microbiology, Government Vellore Medical College, Vellore, India E-mail:
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Zulfikir S, Al Bash M, Kakaria A, Gowri V, Saparamandu A, Al Kharusi L. Late Complication Due to Placenta Increta Left In Situ and Management Options. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011. [DOI: 10.31729/jnma.79] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
With the rising incidence of caesarean sections, the number of cases of placenta praevia and morbidly adherent placenta is increasing. Antenatal diagnosis and management in a tertiary care centre helps to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We present a patient in whom the antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta was missed due to late booking. In spite of the conservative approach at the time of caesarean section in the secondary care hospital, the patient presented with delayed complications and a total hysterectomy was performed.
Keywords: adherent placenta, hysterectomy, methotrexate, post partum haemorrhage.
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Zulfikir S, Al MB, Kakaria A, Gowri V, Saparamandu A, Al LK. Late complication due to placenta increta left in situ and management options. JNMA J Nepal Med Assoc 2011; 51:196-198. [PMID: 22922901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
With the rising incidence of caesarean sections, the number of cases of placenta praevia and morbidly adherent placenta is increasing. Antenatal diagnosis and management in a tertiary care centre helps to reduce maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. We present a patient in whom the antenatal diagnosis of morbidly adherent placenta was missed due to late booking. In spite of the conservative approach at the time of caesarean section in the secondary care hospital, the patient presented with delayed complications and a total hysterectomy was performed.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Zulfikir
- College of Medicine and Health Science, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Gowri V, Al-Futaisi A, Shabnam S, Rizvi S. O356 High sensitivity CRP - Is it a marker of polycystic ovarian syndrome or obesity? Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0020-7292(09)60728-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Gowri V, Jain R. Congenital skeletal dysplasia. Case Reports 2009; 2009:bcr01.2009.1456. [DOI: 10.1136/bcr.01.2009.1456] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
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Srikrishna A, Beeraiah B, Gowri V. Enantiospecific approach to the tricyclic core structure of tricycloillicinone, ialibinones, and takaneones via ring-closing metathesis reaction. Tetrahedron 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tet.2009.01.096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Benign smooth-muscle tumors (leiomyomata) are the most frequent tumors found in the female genital tract. They are easy to diagnose in pregnancy and usually managed conservatively. Some variant forms with unusual infiltrative growth pattern have been known, but they are rare in pregnancy. The variant forms pose diagnostic and management difficulties. CASE An unusual type of leiomyoma (cotyledonoid), adhering to the bowels and occupying the whole left broad ligament, was excised completely at 14 weeks of gestation, and the pregnancy continued to term. CONCLUSION Familiarity with benign uterine smooth-muscle tumors with unusual growth patterns by gynecologists and pathologists is essential in avoiding over-treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Department of Pathology, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman
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Affiliation(s)
- G Vani
- Department of Dermatology, Osmania General Hospital, Afzalgunj, Hyderabad-500012, Andhra Pradesh, India.
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Kumar VS, Mani U, Prasad AK, Lal K, Gowri V, Gupta A. Effect of fly ash inhalation on biochemical and histomorphological changes in rat lungs. Indian J Exp Biol 2004; 42:964-8. [PMID: 15510998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Effect of respirable fly ash particles inhalation on lungs of rats was investigated by exposing them to respirable aerosols of size classified power plant fly ash at average concentrations of up to 14.4 +/- 1.77 mg/m3 for 4 hr/day for 28 consecutive days. A remarkable increase was found in blood eosinophil counts of fly ash exposed animals. Biochemical indicators of pulmonary damage viz. lactate dehydrogenase (cytoplasmic enzyme used as a measure of cell injury), gamma-glutamyl transferase (Clara cell damage) and alkaline phosphatase (potential measure of Type 11 cell secretions) in broncho alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) of fly ash exposed group showed significant elevation. Clumping of fly ash particles in the lungs was observed as evidenced by fly ash ladened macrophage accumulation in the alveolar region. The results suggest a damage, local inflammation and remodelling of lung as indicated by hypertrophy and hyperplasia. These changes reflect the toxic effects of the fly ash inhalation.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Suresh Kumar
- Inhalation Toxicology Division, Industrial Toxicology Research Centre, M. G. Marg, Lucknow, India
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Abstract
Giant fibroids are known to arise from the uterus, but occasionally from the broad ligament also. A case of giant broad ligament fibroid is reported for its rarity, and the diagnostic difficulties it posed are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Jawaharlal Institute of Postgraduate Medical Education and Research, Pondicherry, India
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University, Oman.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mathew
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital, Sultan Qaboos, Oman.
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Gowri V, Krolikowski A. Chronic pelvic pain. Laparoscopic and cystoscopic findings. Saudi Med J 2001; 22:769-70. [PMID: 11590449] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the laparoscopic and cystoscopic findings in women with chronic pelvic pain referred to the Gynecology Clinic at Sultan Qaboos University Hospital. METHODS Women referred to Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Sultanate of Oman from October 1998-September 2000 with pelvic pain of more than 6 months duration were clinically evaluated. Laparoscopic examination was always combined with cystoscopy. Bladder biopsy was performed only if there were doubts regarding the nature of pathology that was found. RESULTS The mean age of the patients was 31 years and mean parity was 3.0. The minimum duration of symptoms was 6 months, but one 3rd of the patients had pain for more than 2 years. Bladder symptoms were present in 50% and bowel symptoms in 25% of patients. Laparoscopic examination revealed pathological findings in 80% of the cases. Adhesions of the omentum to the uterus or to the laparotomy or laparoscopy scar were the most common pathology (50%). Cystoscopy revealed one case of trigonitis and one case of cystitis. CONCLUSION Pelvic adhesions were the most common cause of pelvic pain in our study group. Cystoscopy was normal in most of the patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University Hospital, Muscat, Sultanate of Oman
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Abstract
Inversion of the uterus is a rare clinical problem. It is encountered as an obstetric emergency and a diagnostic challenge in gynecology. Association of uterine inversion with malignancies such as endometrial carcinoma or sarcoma is even rarer. Accurate diagnosis is essential before treatment, so that appropriate management is offered. A history of uterine inversion and a review of literature is presented especially of its association with corpus malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Gowri
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sultan Qaboos University, Sultanante of Oman
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Krowlikowski A, Gowri V, Radha K. Necrotizing fasciitis of abdominal wall after cesarean section. Saudi Med J 2000; 21:399-400. [PMID: 11533831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023] Open
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Abstract
We have reported that metastatic human melanoma cells utilize the alpha (v)beta3 integrin to adhere to lymph node vitronectin (VN). In the present study, the adhesion of human and rat breast carcinoma cells to lymph node tissue was analyzed. We have previously shown a correlation between the metastatic potential of breast carcinoma cells and an RGD-mediated adhesion to cryostat sections of peripheral lymph nodes; this adhesion could be blocked by an antibody to the integrin beta1 subunit. Here, we show that the metastatic breast carcinoma cells were significantly more adherent to fibronectin (FN) expressed by lymph node-derived stromal cells than non-metastatic cells. Metastatic cells also spread more rapidly than non-metastatic cells on FN-coated substrates. Using a combination of immunofluorescence microscopy, immunoprecipitation and blocking assays with integrin-specific antibodies, we found (i) that expression of the alpha3beta1 integrin on metastatic mammary carcinoma cells was specifically increased in comparison to non-metastatic cells and (ii) that the alpha3beta1 receptor was involved in the increased adhesion of metastatic cells to lymph node FN and in cell spreading on FN-coated substrates. Our data also suggest that the alpha5beta1 integrin, which is also expressed on the metastatic cells, did not contribute to this increase in adhesion. Our data implicate the alpha3beta1 integrin in adhesion to lymph node stromal cell FN and suggest that metastatic cells of different tissue origins (e.g., melanoma and breast carcinoma) may utilize distinct integrin-ligand combinations to colonize the same target organ.
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Affiliation(s)
- N J Tawil
- Centre for Neuroscience, Montreal General Hospital, Quebec, Canada
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Mahadevan K, Murthy MS, Reddy PR, Reddy PJ, Gowri V, Sivaraju S. Socio-demographic correlates of infant and childhood mortality. Rural Demogr 1985; 12:21-40. [PMID: 12280830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
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