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Pratt CJ, Meili CH, Youssef NH, Hoback WW. Culture-independent analyses of carrion beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) secretion bacterial communities. Microbiol Spectr 2023; 11:e0169423. [PMID: 37874151 PMCID: PMC10714842 DOI: 10.1128/spectrum.01694-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2023] [Accepted: 08/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/25/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE The manuscript explores the secretion bacterial community of carrion and burying beetles of the central plains of North America. A core secretion microbiome of 11 genera is identified. The host subfamily, secretion type, and collection locality significantly affects the secretion microbiome. Future culture-dependent studies from silphid secretions may identify novel antimicrobials and nontoxic compounds that can act as meat preservatives or sources for antimicrobials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carrie J. Pratt
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Casey H. Meili
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - Noha H. Youssef
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, USA
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2
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Cavallaro MC, Hladik ML, Hittson S, Middleton G, Hoback WW. Comparative toxicity of two neonicotinoid insecticides at environmentally relevant concentrations to telecoprid dung beetles. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8537. [PMID: 37237012 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35262-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeinae) frequently traverse agricultural matrices in search of ephemeral dung resources and spend extended periods of time burrowing in soil. Neonicotinoids are among the most heavily applied and widely detected insecticides used in conventional agriculture with formulated products designed for row crop and livestock pest suppression. Here, we determined the comparative toxicity of two neonicotinoids (imidacloprid and thiamethoxam) on dung beetles, Canthon spp., under two exposure profiles: direct topical application (acute) and sustained contact with treated-soil (chronic). Imidacloprid was significantly more toxic than thiamethoxam under each exposure scenario. Topical application LD50 values (95% CI) for imidacloprid and thiamethoxam were 19.1 (14.5-25.3) and 378.9 (200.3-716.5) ng/beetle, respectively. After the 10-day soil exposure, the measured percent mortality in the 3 and 9 µg/kg nominal imidacloprid treatments was 35 ± 7% and 39 ± 6%, respectively. Observed mortality in the 9 µg/kg imidacloprid treatment was significantly greater than the control (p = 0.04); however, the 3 µg/kg imidacloprid dose response may be biologically relevant (p = 0.07). Thiamethoxam treatments had similar mortality as the controls (p > 0.8). Environmentally relevant concentrations of imidacloprid measured in airborne particulate matter and non-target soils pose a potential risk to coprophagous scarabs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA.
| | - Michelle L Hladik
- U.S. Geological Survey, California Water Science Center, Sacramento, CA, 95819, USA
| | - Samantha Hittson
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Greg Middleton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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3
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Reed M, Norwood BF, Hoback WW, Riggs A. Erratum to “A survey of willingness to consume insects and a measure of college student perceptions of insect consumption using Q methodology” [Future Foods, 4 (2021) 100046]. Future Foods 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2022.100165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
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4
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Carey C, Armstrong JS, Hayes C, Hoback WW, Zarrabi A. Evaluation of A3 cytoplasmic male sterile forage sorghum lines for resistance to sugarcane aphid. Planta 2022; 255:38. [PMID: 35031833 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-022-03820-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/03/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Three known sugarcane aphid-resistant pollinator parents were sterilized in A3 cytoplasmic male sterility and were confirmed in this study to be resistant to sugarcane aphid allowing for the development of sugarcane aphid-resistant forage hybrids. We utilized A3 cytoplasmic male sterility and converted known sugarcane aphid-resistant sorghum TX 2783, and newly released R. LBK1 (Reg. No. GP-865, PI 687244) and R. LBK2 (Reg. No. GP-866, PI 687245) into A3 sterility to determine if the sterile counterparts would also equally express tolerance and or antibiosis to sugarcane aphid. Free-choice flat screen trials and life-table demographic studies were utilized and compared to know susceptible/fertile entries KS 585, and TX 7000, and known resistant/fertile entries TX 2783 and DKS 37-07. The R. LBK1 fertile entry was more tolerant than the known susceptible entries KS 585 and TX 7000, but was not as resistant as the other resistant entries, sustaining a damage rating of 6.0 across two different screen trials. The sterile A3 R. LBK2 showed a greater tolerance and expressed higher levels of antibiosis during aphid reproductive studies when compared to the known resistant and fertile TX 2783. All other fertile (R. LBK2, TX2783) and the A3 male sterile counterparts (A3 R. LBK2, A3 TX2783) were very similar in expression of high levels of tolerance and exhibited statistically similar damage ratings of 3.3-4.3 when exposed to sugarcane aphids. No entry, either fertile or sterile, was as tolerant as DKS 37-07, a known resistant commercial hybrid. Other plant measurements including percent loss in chlorophyll content, difference in plant height, and number of true leaves for sugarcane aphid infested versus non-infested were very consistent and highly correlated with damage ratings. Antibiosis was also exhibited in both fertile and sterile versions of the resistant lines. There was a 2 × reduction in fecundity between the R. LBK1 fertile and its sterile A3 R. LBK1 when compared to the susceptible KS 585 and TX 7000; however, the remaining fertile and sterile entries had 3.8 × to 5.8 × decrease in fecundity when compared to the susceptible KS 585 and TX 7000. Other measurements in life-table statistics such as nymphs produced/female/d, and the intrinsic rates of increased were significantly lower for all fertile and sterile lines, showing that antibiosis significantly affected sugarcane aphid reproduction. In conclusion, the A3 cytoplasmic male sterility shows consistency for maintaining the single dominant trait SCA-resistant trait of TX 2783 for expressing both antibiosis and tolerance, and great utility in the development of sugarcane aphid-resistant forage sorghums.
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Affiliation(s)
- Camille Carey
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - J Scott Armstrong
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Peanut and Other Field Crops Research Unit, 1301 North Western Road, Stillwater, OK, 74075, USA.
| | - Chad Hayes
- U.S. Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Plant Stress and Germplasm Development Research Unit, 3810 4th Street, Lubbock, TX, 79415, USA
| | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
| | - Ali Zarrabi
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, 74078, USA
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Reed M, Norwood BF, Hoback WW, Riggs A. A survey of willingness to consume insects and a measure of college student perceptions of insect consumption using Q methodology. Future Foods 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fufo.2021.100046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Farriester JW, Peterson BC, Geluso K, Hoback WW. Threatened American Burying Beetle (Nicrophorus americanus) Consumed by Northern Short-Tailed Shrew (Blarina brevicauda) and Trap Avoidance by Silphidae. WEST N AM NATURALIST 2021. [DOI: 10.3398/064.081.0313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jacob W. Farriester
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
| | - Brian C. Peterson
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849
| | - Keith Geluso
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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Ayala-Ortiz CO, Farriester JW, Pratt CJ, Goldkamp AK, Matts J, Hoback WW, Gustafson JE, Hagen DE. Effect of food source availability in the salivary gland transcriptome of the unique burying beetle Nicrophorus pustulatus (Coleoptera: Silphidae). PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255660. [PMID: 34555059 PMCID: PMC8460033 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Nicrophorus is a genus of beetles that bury and transform small vertebrate carcasses into a brood ball coated with their oral and anal secretions to prevent decay and that will serve as a food source for their young. Nicrophorus pustulatus is an unusual species with the ability to overtake brood of other burying beetles and whose secretions, unlike other Nicrophorus species, has been reported not to exhibit antimicrobial properties. This work aims to better understand how the presence or absence of a food source influences the expression of genes involved in the feeding process of N. pustulatus. To achieve that, total RNA was extracted from pooled samples of salivary gland tissue from N. pustulatus and sequenced using an Illumina platform. The resulting reads were used to assemble a de novo transcriptome using Trinity. Duplicates with more than 95% similarity were removed to obtain a "unigene" set. Annotation of the unigene set was done using the Trinotate pipeline. Transcript abundance was determined using Kallisto and differential gene expression analysis was performed using edgeR. A total of 651 genes were found to be differentially expressed, including 390 upregulated and 261 downregulated genes in fed insects compared to starved. Several genes upregulated in fed beetles are associated with the insect immune response and detoxification processes with only one transcript encoding for the antimicrobial peptide (AMP) defensin. These results confirm that N. pustulatus does not upregulate the production of genes encoding AMPs during feeding. This study provides a snapshot of the changes in gene expression in the salivary glands of N. pustulatus following feeding while providing a well described transcriptome for the further analysis of this unique burying beetle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian O. Ayala-Ortiz
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jacob W. Farriester
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Carrie J. Pratt
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Anna K. Goldkamp
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Jessica Matts
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - John E. Gustafson
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
| | - Darren E. Hagen
- Department of Animal and Food Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, Oklahoma, United States of America
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Hoback WW, Hayashida R, Ziems J, Zechmann B, de Freitas Bueno A, Higley LG. Yield Response of Determinate Chipping Potato to Artificial Defoliation. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:371-376. [PMID: 33300574 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The relationship between canopy defoliation by insects and yield loss in potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) has been extensively researched. However, detailed analysis of varieties with different properties and examination of methods of defoliation are still lacking. Absence of research results has led many producers to use a very conservative economic threshold (ET) of 10% defoliation in the management of insect defoliators. A series of leaf removal experiments was conducted on a determinate chipping variety of potato at different plant stages. In 2002, the highest levels of defoliation induced upon the plant canopy were 50, 30, and 75% for tuber initiation, full bloom, and plant maturity stages, respectively. In 2003, defoliation levels were increased to 70, 80, and 90% for tuber initiation, full bloom, and plant maturity, respectively. Total yield was unaffected, and no significant changes in market sized yield, or number of marketable tubers were observed at any growth stage in either year. Because the determinate variety showed remarkable ability to recover from substantial defoliation, two different methods of defoliation: hand cut (cutting the edge of leaves with scissors while avoiding the midrib) and hole punching (hole-punching leaf tissue [15.08-mm diameter] while avoiding midrib) were tested. Although total yield was unaffected, marketable yield and small potato yield were reduced, Thus, although defoliation methods must be considered, a 10% defoliation ET is exceedingly conservative and an ET of 60% for all stages of determinate chipping potato could be adopted by growers.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Rafael Hayashida
- Departamento de Biologia, Federal University of Parana, Curitiba, PR, Brazil
| | | | | | | | - Leon G Higley
- School of Natural Resources, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE
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9
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Hoback WW, Jurzenski J, Farnsworth-Hoback KM, Roeder KA. Invasive Saltcedar and Drought Impact Ant Communities and Isopods in South-Central Nebraska. Environ Entomol 2020; 49:607-614. [PMID: 32159754 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The establishment and spread of non-native species often results in negative impacts on biodiversity and ecosystem function. Several species of saltcedar, Tamarix spp. L., have been recently naturalized in large portions of the United States where they have altered plant and animal communities. To test the prediction that saltcedar negatively affects invertebrates, we measured ant genera diversity and the activity density of the exotic isopod Armadillidium vulgare Latrielle (Isopoda: Oniscoidea) for 2 yr using pitfall traps located within 30 5-m2 plots with or without saltcedar at a south-central Nebraska reservoir. From 2005 to 2006, we collected 10,837 ants representing 17 genera and 4,953 A. vulgare. Per plot, the average number of ant genera was not different between saltcedar (x̅ = 3.9) and non-saltcedar areas ( x̅ = 3.9); however, saltcedar plots were compositionally different and more similar from plot to plot (i.e., they had lower beta diversity than control plots) in 2005, but not in 2006. Isopods were likewise temporally affected with higher activity density (+89%) in control plots in 2005, but higher activity density (+27%) in saltcedar plots in 2006. The observed temporal differences occurred as the drought that initially enabled the saltcedar invasion became less severe in 2006. Combined, our results suggest that invertebrate groups like ants, which are generally omnivorous, may be better equipped than more specialized taxa like detritivores to withstand habitat changes due to invasions by non-native species, especially during extreme weather events such as prolonged droughts.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK
| | - Jessica Jurzenski
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE
- Felsburg, Holt, and Ullvig, Lincoln, NE
| | - Kerri M Farnsworth-Hoback
- Environmental Science Graduate Program, Oklahoma State University, Life Science East, Stillwater, OK
| | - Karl A Roeder
- Department of Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman, OK
- Department of Entomology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL
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10
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Hess TM, Noden BH, Whiteman L, Reed M, Kard B, Hoback WW. Mosquito Community and West Nile Virus Risk on a National Guard Training Base in Oklahoma. J Am Mosq Control Assoc 2020; 36:81-88. [PMID: 33647130 DOI: 10.2987/20-6928.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Military bases are important areas for mosquito surveillance to maintain active duty combat readiness and protect training exercises. The aim of this study was to assist Camp Gruber National Guard training facility personnel to assess their mosquito community and West Nile virus (WNV) risk using biweekly sampling of 50 sites. Between May and October 2018, 10,259 adult female mosquitoes consisting of 6 genera and 26 species were collected over 662 trap-nights using 2 trap types. The most commonly collected genus was Culex (72.2% of total), followed by Psorophora (13.3%) and Aedes (10.2%). Of note, most of the medically important species were collected in the area containing troop living quarters, including 1 WNV-positive pool of Culex tarsalis. Two specimens of Aedes aegypti were collected around a vehicle storage area. While smaller in land mass size than many other active military bases in Oklahoma, the diversity of species at Camp Gruber was comparable to collections from 4 larger bases in Oklahoma. These data demonstrate the need for regular season-long mosquito monitoring of training bases to protect the health of active duty and reserve military personnel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas M Hess
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Bruce H Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Liam Whiteman
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Melissa Reed
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - Brad Kard
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
| | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, 127 Noble Research Center, Stillwater, OK 74078-3033
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Bradt D, Wormington JD, Long JM, Hoback WW, Noden BH. Differences in Mosquito Communities in Six Cities in Oklahoma. J Med Entomol 2019; 56:1395-1403. [PMID: 30950499 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjz039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Vector-borne diseases in the United States have recently increased as a result of the changing nature of vectors, hosts, reservoirs, pathogens, and the ecological and environmental conditions. Current information on vector habitats and how mosquito community composition varies across space and time is vital to successful vector-borne disease management. This study characterizes mosquito communities in urban areas of Oklahoma, United States, an ecologically diverse region in the southern Great Plains. Between May and September 2016, 11,996 female mosquitoes of 34 species were collected over 798 trap nights using three different trap types in six Oklahoma cities. The most abundant species trapped were Culex pipiens L. complex (32.4%) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) (Diptera: Culicidae) (12.0%). Significant differences among mosquito communities were detected using analysis of similarities (ANOSIM) between the early (May-July) and late (August-September) season. Canonical correlation analysis (CCA) further highlighted the cities of Altus and Idabel as relatively unique mosquito communities, mostly due to the presence of Aedes aegypti (L.) and salt-marsh species and absence of Aedes triseriatus (Say) in Altus and an abundance of Ae. albopictus in Idabel. These data underscore the importance of assessing mosquito communities in urban environments found in multiple ecoregions of Oklahoma to allow customized vector management targeting the unique assemblage of species found in each city.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bradt
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | | | - James M Long
- U.S. Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
| | - Bruce H Noden
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK
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Reed ML, Hoback WW, Long JM. WINTER AND SPRING DIET OF THE ORANGEBELLY DARTER, ETHEOSTOMA RADIOSUM, AMONG TRIBUTARIES OF THE LOWER MOUNTAIN FORK RIVER. SOUTHWEST NAT 2019. [DOI: 10.1894/0038-4909-63-2-146] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Melissa L. Reed
- Department of Environmental Science, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 (MLR)
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 (WWH)
| | - James M. Long
- United States Geological Survey, Oklahoma Cooperative Fish and Wildlife Research Unit, Department of Natural Resource Ecology and Management, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078 (JML)
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13
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Schumann DA, Hoback WW, Koupal KD, Schoenebeck CW, Schainost SC, Wilson TL. Experimental analysis of reintroduction strategies to conserve the vulnerable plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus in Nebraska. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2017. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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14
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Cavallaro MC, Barnhart MC, Hoback WW. Causes of Rapid Carrion Beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) Death in Flooded Pitfall Traps, Response to Soil Flooding, Immersion Tolerance, and Swimming Behavior. Environ Entomol 2017; 46:362-368. [PMID: 28122788 DOI: 10.1093/ee/nvw165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Terrestrial insects in water can often delay or escape drowning by floating and swimming. However, we observed that flooding of pitfall traps baited with rotting carrion results in high overnight mortality of captured beetles and reasoned that this risk may be enhanced by microbial respiration. By assessing carrion beetle (Coleoptera: Silphidae) response to flooding, tolerance to immersion, and swimming behavior, we offer insights to this cause of death and beetle behavioral physiology. Response of buried Nicrophorus orbicollis Say to soil flooding resulted in beetles moving to the soil surface. The lethal time to 50% mortality (LT50 (immersion); mean ± 95% CI) for Nicrophorus investigator Zetterstedt, Nicrophorus marginatus F., Necrodes surinamensis F., and Thanatophilus lapponicus Herbst was 14.8 ± 2.3, 9.0 ± 3.3, 3.2 ± 1.1, and 12.1 ± 2.5 h, respectively. Swimming behavior and survival time of N. investigator was tested using yeast:sucrose (Y:S) solutions to create a eutrophic, severely hypoxic aqueous environment. LT50 (swimming) for N. investigator was 7.5 ± 1.4, 6.0 ± 1.7, and 4.2 ± 1.2 h for the low, medium, and high Y:S solutions, respectively, and >24.0 h in control treatments. Nicrophorus investigator survived nearly twice as long when completely immersed in deoxygenated water, as might occur in flooded burrows, than when swimming on the surface. We document for the first time, the rapid induction of hypoxic coma and death for a terrestrial insect from enhanced microbial activity and CO2 production of an aqueous environment, as well as suggestions on trapping protocols related to the federally endangered Nicrophorus americanus Olivier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael C Cavallaro
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5C8, Canada
| | | | - W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK 74078
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Abstract
Aedes aegypti is an important subtropical vector species and is predicted to have a limited year-round distribution in the southern United States. Collection of the species has not been officially verified in Oklahoma since 1940. Adult mosquitoes were collected in 42 sites across 7 different cities in Oklahoma using 3 different mosquito traps between May and September 2016. Between July and September 2016, 88 Ae. aegypti adults were collected at 18 different sites in 4 different cities across southern Oklahoma. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention mini light traps baited with CO2 attracted the highest numbers of Ae. aegypti individuals compared to Biogents (BG)-Sentinel® traps baited with Biogents (BG)-lure and octenol and Centers for Disease Control and Prevention gravid traps baited with Bermuda grass-infused water. The discovery of Ae. aegypti mosquitoes within urban/exurban areas in Oklahoma is important from an ecological as well as a public health perspective.
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Torrisi GJ, Hoback WW, Foster JE, Heinrichs EA, Higley LG. Predation of Introduced Mosquito Larvae by the MidgeMetriocnemus knabiin the Phytotelma of the Pitcher PlantSarracenia purpureaand Colonization Following Dry Conditions. Northeast Nat (Steuben) 2015. [DOI: 10.1656/045.022.0307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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17
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Ullah MI, Mustafa F, Kneeland KM, Brust ML, Hoback WW, Kamble ST, Foster JE. Forms of Melanoplus bowditchi (Orthoptera: Acrididae) collected from different host plants are indistinguishable genetically and in aedeagal morphology. PeerJ 2014; 2:e418. [PMID: 24949237 PMCID: PMC4060019 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2014] [Accepted: 05/17/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The sagebrush grasshopper, Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder (Orthoptera: Acrididae), is a phytophilous species that is widely distributed in the western United States on sagebrush species. The geographical distribution of M. bowditchi is very similar to the range of its host plants and its feeding association varies in relation to sagebrush distribution. Melanoplus bowditchi bowditchi Scudder and M. bowditchi canus Hebard were described based on their feeding association with different sagebrush species, sand sagebrush and silver sagebrush, respectively. Recently, M. bowditchi have been observed feeding on other plant species in western Nebraska. We collected adult M. bowditchi feeding on four plant species, sand sagebrush, Artemisia filifolia, big sagebrush, A. tridentata, fringed sagebrush, A. frigidus, and winterfat, Krascheninnikovia lanata. We compared the specimens collected from the four plant species for their morphological and genetic differences. We observed no consistent differences among the aedeagal parameres or basal rings among the grasshoppers collected from different host plants. Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphism markers were used to test the genetic relationships among the grasshoppers. Analysis of Molecular Variance and distance-based Unweighted Pair Group Method with Arithmetic mean dendrogram failed to reveal significant differences. Although the forms showed behavioral and minor color and size differences, the genetic data suggest all forms under study likely interbreed, which indicates they are a single species instead of four species or subspecies. These results indicate that host plant use may influence melanopline phenotype and suggest the need of further genetic analysis of subspecies recognized based on morphology, distribution, and ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatima Mustafa
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kate M. Kneeland
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Mathew L. Brust
- Department of Biology, Chadron State College, Chadron, NE, USA
| | - W. Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska, Kearney, NE, USA
| | | | - John E. Foster
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE, USA
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Jurzenski JD, Jorgensen CF, Bishop A, Grosse R, Riens J, Hoback WW. Identifying priority conservation areas for the American burying beetle,Nicrophorus americanus(Coleoptera: Silphidae), a habitat generalist. SYST BIODIVERS 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/14772000.2014.892542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Whipple SD, Hoback WW. A comparison of dung beetle (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) attraction to native and exotic mammal dung. Environ Entomol 2012; 41:238-244. [PMID: 22506995 DOI: 10.1603/en11285] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Although the preference of dung beetles (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) for specific types and conditions of dung has been given substantial attention, little has been done to investigate the potential effects of exotic mammal introduction for game farms or rewilding projects. We used pitfall traps baited with various native and exotic herbivore, carnivore, and omnivore dung to evaluate dung beetle preference in the Great Plains of North America. Additionally, we analyzed of the nutrient quality of each dung type. In total, 9,089 dung beetles from 15 species were captured in 2 yr of sampling. We found significant differences (P < 0.05) in mean dung beetle capture among omnivore, herbivore, and carnivore dung, as well as differences in individual species preference for dung type. Omnivore dung was the most attractive with chimpanzee and human dung having the highest mean capture (291.1 ± 27.6 and 287.5 ± 28.5 respectively). Carrion also was highly attractive with a mean of 231.9 ± 20.6 beetles per trap (N = 8). Our results suggest definitive local preference of carrion in Phanaeus vindex Macleay and Onthophagus hecate (Panzer), while the congener, O. pennsylvanicus (Harold), was rarely captured in carrion and highly preferred omnivore dung. Preference for a specific bait type does not appear to be correlated with dung quality, mammalian diet, or origin of mammal. Results suggest niche segregation by dung type among dung beetle species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean D Whipple
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
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Pasbrig CA, Koupal KD, Schainost S, Hoback WW. Changes in range-wide distribution of plains topminnow Fundulus sciadicus. ENDANGER SPECIES RES 2012. [DOI: 10.3354/esr00400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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De Jong GD, Hoback WW, Higley LG. Effect of Investigator Disturbance in Experimental Forensic Entomology: Carcass Biomass Loss and Temperature. J Forensic Sci 2010; 56:143-9. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1556-4029.2010.01552.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Brust ML, Hoback WW, Wright RJ. Degree-day requirements for eight economically important grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) in Nebraska using field data. Environ Entomol 2009; 38:1521-1526. [PMID: 19825308 DOI: 10.1603/022.038.0521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The timing of application for the management of rangeland grasshoppers (Orthoptera: Acrididae) is critical, especially as insecticides become more specialized and the use of Insect Growth Regulators becomes more widespread. The general seasonal occurrence of adults of many grasshopper species has been well documented; however, their appearance varies widely between years. We analyzed sweep samples collected over the western two thirds of Nebraska from a 3-yr period and noted the occurrence of adults by region for eight species of rangeland grasshoppers. We analyzed occurrence based on degree-day accumulations for the region and developed estimates of degree-day requirements for these species. Because these grasshopper species are common rangeland pests, degree-day requirements to reach adulthood should improve the effectiveness of grasshopper treatment programs over a large geographic area.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathew L Brust
- Department of Biology, Chadron State College, 1000 Main St., Chadron, NE 69337
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Riggins JJ, Davis CA, Hoback WW. Biodiversity of Belowground Invertebrates as an Indicator of Wet Meadow Restoration Success (Platte River, Nebraska). Restor Ecol 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1526-100x.2008.00394.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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Abstract
Because of fire suppression and improper land management, native eastern redcedar, Juniperus virginiana L., is invading many grassland areas. Among these areas are the Loess Canyons of southeastern Lincoln County, NE, which support a large population of the federally endangered American burying beetle, Nicrophorus americanus Olivier. In the past 30 yr, cedar encroachment has covered >30% of this landscape and is increasing at a rate of 2% per year. The effects of cedar trees on remaining populations of American burying beetle are currently unknown. In this study, we sampled two sites in Lincoln County, NE, by placing paired baited pitfall traps (N = 16) in cedar-dominated and open grassland habitats during June and August 2004 and 2005. We collected significantly more Silphidae, including American burying beetle in open habitats. All American burying beetle were marked and released. The recapture rate of these beetles was two times higher in cedar sites than in open sites. Among the Silphidae, only Nicrophorus orbicollis Say was collected significantly more often in cedar areas. The results of this study indicate that cedars reduce numbers of most silphid species, likely by limiting their ability to forage for carrion, a required resource for feeding and reproduction. This is the first study to directly examine the impact of cedar on Silphidae, and our results have important implications in the Great Plains and beyond. However, future studies must examine the impacts of cedar management, including mechanical control or prescribed fire, on American burying beetle and other silphid species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas L Walker
- Nebraska Game and Parks Commission, North Platte, NE 69101, USA
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Abstract
Carrion insect succession studies have historically used repeated sampling of single or a few carcasses to produce data, either weighing the carcasses, removing a qualitative subsample of the fauna present, or both, on every visit over the course of decomposition and succession. This study, conducted in a set of related experimental hypotheses with two trials in a single season, investigated the effect that repeated sampling has on insect succession, determined by the number of taxa collected on each visit and by community composition. Each trial lasted at least 21 days, with daily visits on the first 14 days. Rat carcasses used in this study were all placed in the field on the same day, but then either sampled qualitatively on every visit (similar to most succession studies) or ignored until a given day of succession, when they were sampled qualitatively (a subsample) and then destructively sampled in their entirety. Carcasses sampled on every visit were in two groups: those from which only a sample of the fauna was taken and those from which a sample of fauna was taken and the carcass was weighed for biomass determination. Of the carcasses visited only once, the number of taxa in subsamples was compared to the actual number of taxa present when the carcass was destructively sampled to determine if the subsamples adequately represented the total carcass fauna. Data from the qualitative subsamples of those carcasses visited only once were also compared to data collected from carcasses that were sampled on every visit to investigate the effect of the repeated sampling. A total of 39 taxa were collected from carcasses during the study and the component taxa are discussed individually in relation to their role in succession. Number of taxa differed on only one visit between the qualitative subsamples and the actual number of taxa present, primarily because the organisms missed by the qualitative sampling were cryptic (hidden deep within body cavities) or rare (only represented by very few specimens). There were no differences discovered between number of taxa in qualitative subsamples from carcasses sampled repeatedly (with or without biomass determinations) and those sampled only a single time. Community composition differed considerably in later stages of decomposition, with disparate communities due primarily to small numbers of rare taxa. These results indicate that the methods used historically for community composition determination in experimental forensic entomology are generally adequate.
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Affiliation(s)
- G D De Jong
- Chadwick Ecological Consultants, Inc., Littleton, Colorado 80120, USA.
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Abstract
Carrion beetles (Coleoptera: Silphidae) consist of two subfamilies in North America. Members of the Silphinae arrive at carcasses during the mid-stage of decay and their larvae feed on developing maggots, while members of the Nicrophorinae bury and tend carcasses upon which their developing larvae feed. The Nicrophorinae maintain the condition of the carcass by applying oral and anal secretions that reduce carcass decay apparently through bacterial inhibition, although quantification has not been made. We hypothesized that enzymes in the oral and anal secretions of the subfamily Nicrophorinae would inhibit bacterial growth, while secretions from the subfamily Silphinae would not. The secretions were assayed for inhibitory effects with a Microtox Analyzer that monitors the decrease in bioluminescence from the bacterium Vibrio fischerii. We found a significant difference of bioluminescence in the control compared to secretions of 8 out of 10 tested Nicrophorinae (with oral secretions being most active), while only anal secretions from Necrodes surinimensis of the Siphinae significantly reduced bacterial survival. These data follow the known phylogenic relationship in which Necrodes is the closest genus to the Nicrophorinae. The two species of Nicrophorinae, which did not show significant reductions in bacterial growth, differ ecologically from the others. Thus, the presence of antimicrobial compounds in most Nicrophorinae secretions, but not in most other Silphinae, represents an adaptation to preserve the buried carcass.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Wyatt Hoback
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Kearney, 905 W. 25th Street, Kearney, Nebraska 68849, USA.
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Nor Aliza AR, Bedick JC, Rana RL, Tunaz H, Hoback WW, Stanley DW. Arachidonic and eicosapentaenoic acids in tissues of the firefly, Photinus pyralis (Insecta: Coleoptera). Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2001; 128:251-7. [PMID: 11223386 DOI: 10.1016/s1095-6433(00)00300-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We report on the presence of high proportions of arachidonic acid (20:4n-6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (20:5n-3) in the tissue lipids of adult fireflies, Photinus pyralis. Arachidonic acid typically occurs in very small proportions in phospholipids (PLs) of terrestrial insects, ranging from no more than traces to less than 1% of PL fatty acids, while 20:5n-3 is often missing entirely from insect lipids. Contrarily, 20:4n-6 made up approximately 21% of the PL fatty acids prepared from whole males and females, and from heads and thoraces prepared from males. Proportions of 20:4n-6 associated with PLs varied among tissues, including approximately 8% for male gut epithelia, 13% for testes, and approximately 25% for light organs and body fat from males. Substantial proportions of 20:5n-3 were also associated with PLs prepared from male firefly tissues, including 5% for body fat and 8% for light organs. Because 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3 are precursors for biosynthesis of prostaglandins and other eicosanoids, we considered the possibility that firefly tissues might produce eicosanoids at exceptionally high rates. Preliminary experiments indicated otherwise. Hence, fireflies are peculiar among terrestrial insects with respect to maintaining high proportions of PL 20:4n-6 and 20:5n-3.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Nor Aliza
- Insect Biochemical Physiology Laboratory, University of Nebraska, Lincoln, NE 68583-0816, USA
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Hoback WW, Podrabsky JE, Higley LG, Stanley DW, Hand SC. Anoxia tolerance of con-familial tiger beetle larvae is associated with differences in energy flow and anaerobiosis. J Comp Physiol B 2000; 170:307-14. [PMID: 10935521 DOI: 10.1007/s003600000104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we compared survivorship, heat dissipation and biochemical features of anaerobiosis of two tiger beetle species (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae) exposed to anoxia. One species commonly experiences environmental immersion from rainfall and snowmelt (Cicindela togata), and the habitat of the other (Amblycheila cylindriformis) is not prone to flooding. The ancestral genus, A. cylindriformis, survives anoxia for only 2 days at 25 degrees C. In response to anoxia, these larvae immediately lose locomotory abilities, tissue concentrations of ATP fall precipitously within 12 h, and significant amounts of lactate are quickly produced. In contrast, C. togata larvae tolerate anoxia for 5 days. Heat dissipation is downregulated to a greater degree than that seen in A. cylindriformis (3.4% versus 14% of standard normoxic rate, respectively), the ability for locomotion is maintained and normoxic levels of ATP are defended for at least 24 h. Lactate is not accumulated until well into anoxic bout, and significant amounts of alanine are also produced. This study provides evidence that tiger beetles differ in physiological responses to anoxia, and that these differences are correlated with flooding risk and with species distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- W W Hoback
- Department of Entomology, University of Nebraska, Lincoln 68583-0816, USA
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Stanley DW, Hoback WW, Bedick JC, Tunaz H, Rana RL, Nor Aliza AR, Miller JS. Eicosanoids mediate nodulation reactions to bacterial infections in larvae of the butterfly, Colias eurytheme. Comp Biochem Physiol C Pharmacol Toxicol Endocrinol 1999; 123:217-23. [PMID: 10530893 DOI: 10.1016/s0742-8413(99)00021-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Nodulation is the first, and qualitatively predominant, cellular defense reaction to bacterial infections in insects. Treating larvae of the butterfly Colias eurytheme with the eicosanoid biosynthesis inhibitor dexamethasone, strongly impaired nodulation reactions to bacterial infections. The influence of dexamethasone was reversed by treating infected insects with arachidonic acid, an eicosanoid precursor. An eicosanoid biosynthesis system in C. eurytheme larvae is documented. Specifically, the presence of eicosanoid-precursor polyunsaturated fatty acids in tissue phospholipids was determined, an intracellular phospholipase A2 that can release arachidonic acid from tissue phospholipids was recorded, and eicosanoid biosynthesis, registered as conversion of exogenous radioactive 20:4n-6 into eicosanoids, was observed. These findings support the hypothesis that eicosanoids mediate cellular immune responses to bacterial infections in these butterfly larvae, and more broadly, in most, if not all, insects.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Stanley
- Insect Biochemical Physiology Laboratory, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, 68583-0816, USA.
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Abstract
In the variable field cricket, Gryllus lineaticeps, females prefer higher chirp rates and longer chirp durations in male calling song. Higher chirp rates are energetically more expensive to produce, but the energetic cost of calling does not vary with chirp duration. We tested the hypothesis that nutrition affects male chirp rate and chirp duration. Full-sibling brothers of similar age were placed on high- and low-nutrition feeding regimes. There was no effect of feeding regime on male weight; neither group showed a significant change in weight, and the two groups did not differ from each other in weight change. However, males on the high-nutrition feeding regime both called more frequently and called at higher chirp rates when they did call. The two groups did not differ in chirp duration, the duration of pulses within chirps or chirp dominant frequency. These results suggest that females select mates based on one nutrition-dependent call character (chirp rate) and one nutrition-independent call character (chirp duration). In addition, because males in the two groups did not show significant differences in weight change, and because males on the high-nutrition feeding regime engaged in energetically more expensive calling, these results suggest that males invest any excess energy above their basic maintenance requirements in the production of call types that increase their attractiveness to females. The absence of a relationship between body condition and calling song structure for males in the field may be a consequence of this pattern of energy allocation. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- WE Wagner
- Nebraska Behavioral Biology Group, School of Biological Sciences, University of Nebraska-Lincoln
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Hoback WW, Stanley DW, Higley LG, Barnhart MC. Survival of Immersion and Anoxia by Larval Tiger Beetles, Cicindela togata. The American Midland Naturalist 1998. [DOI: 10.1674/0003-0031(1998)140%5b0027:soiaab%5d2.0.co;2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
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