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Liu YL, Huo YT, Pan XF, Lin XH, Yang LH, Gao J, Zhong WH. Allergen detection and logistic multifactor analysis of allergic rhinitis. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2023; 27:2751-2758. [PMID: 37070874 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202304_31903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aims to investigate the allergens in children with allergic rhinitis (AR) and AR-related influencing factors. PATIENTS AND METHODS The clinical data of 230 children with AR admitted to our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were retrospectively analyzed and included in the observation group. The clinical data of 230 healthy children during the same time period were included as the control group. All children had been tested for allergens using serum allergens, and the clinical data were collected by telephone questionnaires. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression were used to analyze the risk factors affecting AR. RESULTS A total of 230 children with AR was included in this study, and some of them had two or more allergens. The proportion of house dust mite was the highest among the inhaled allergens, about 75.22%. Shrimp accounted for the highest proportion of food allergens, about 40.87%. Compared with the control group, the proportion of floating population, home heating, allergy history, asthma and other general information in the observation group was higher. At the same time, the proportion of environmental factors such as second-hand smoke, number of residents (≤ 3), daily ventilation and cleaning (no), domestic animals, domestic plants, decoration within 2 years, and living environment (rural) in the observation group was higher. In addition, the proportion of family factors such as delivery mode (cesarean section), family history of allergic rhinitis, parents' education level (middle school and above) in the observation group was higher (p < 0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis showed that allergic history, asthma, second-hand smoke, floating population, number of residents, domestic animals, decoration within 2 years, delivery mode, and family history of allergic rhinitis were the risk factors affecting the incidence of AR in children (p < 0.05), and daily window ventilation and cleaning were the protective factors (p < 0.05). The multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that asthma, second-hand smoke, floating population, decoration within 2 years, family history of allergic rhinitis and domestic animals were independent risk factors for the occurrence of AR (p < 0.05), and daily ventilation and cleaning were protective factors for the occurrence of AR in children (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The proportion of house dust mite in inhalation allergens and shrimp in food allergens were the highest in AR children. The incidence of AR was closely related to asthma, second-hand smoke, floating population, decoration within 2 years, family history of AR and domestic animals, etc. Targeted measures could effectively prevent the occurrence and recurrence of AR. At the same time, daily ventilation and cleaning were the protective factors which could reduce the incidence and occurrence of AR in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y-L Liu
- Department of Otolaryngology, Fujian Maternity and Child Health Hospital, College of Clinical Medicine for Obstetrics and Gynecology and Pediatrics, Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou, China.
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Sun SY, Gui WW, Jia CF, Pan QQ, Lin XH, Zheng FP, Li H. [Nomogram analysis of risk factors for diabetic neuropathy in primary type 2 diabetic mellitus patients in Zhejiang Province]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:169-175. [PMID: 36740407 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20220511-00360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the risk factors of diabetic nephropathy (DN) in primary type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and to quantitatively analyze the risk of DN by nomogram modeling. Methods: A total of 1 588 primary T2DM patients from 17 townships and streets in Zhejiang Province were enrolled from June 2018 to August 2018 in this cross-sectional study, with an average age of (56.8±10.1) years (50.06% male) and a mean disease duration of 9 years. The clinical data, biochemical test results, and fundus photographs of all T2DM patients were collected, and logistic regression analysis was used to screen the risk factors of DN. Then, a nomogram model was used to quantitatively analyze the risk of DN. Results: DN occurred in 27.71% (440/1 588 cases) primary type 2 diabetes patients. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) (OR=1.159, 95%CI 1.039-1.292), systolic blood pressure (OR=1.041, 95%CI 1.031-1.051), serum creatinine (Scr) (OR=1.011, 95%CI 1.004-1.017), serum globulin (GLOB) (OR=1.072, 95%CI 1.039-1.105), diabetic retinopathy (DR) (OR=1.463, 95%CI 1.073-1.996), education level of more than junior high school (OR=2.018, 95%CI 1.466-2.777), and moderate-intensity exercise (OR=0.751, 95%CI 0.586-0.961) were influencing factors of DN. Nomogram model analysis showed that the total score of each factor of DN ranged from 64-138 points, and the corresponding risk rate ranged from 0.1-0.9. The nomogram model also predicted a C-index value of 0.753 (95%CI 0.726-0.781) and an area under the receiver operating characteristic curve of DN of 0.753. Internal verification of the C-index reached 0.738. The model displayed medium predictive power and could be applied in clinical practice. Conclusions: HbA1c, systolic blood pressure, Scr, GLOB, DR, and more than a junior high school education are independent risk factors of DN. Nomogram modeling can more intuitively evaluate the risk of DN in primary T2DM patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Y Sun
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - W W Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - C F Jia
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - Q Q Pan
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - X H Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - F P Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou 310016, China
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Tao TT, Lin XH, Tang SJ, Gui WW, Zhu WF, Li H. Association of genetic variants in the Sirt1 and Nrf2 genes with the risk of metabolic syndrome in a Chinese Han population. BMC Endocr Disord 2022; 22:84. [PMID: 35365152 PMCID: PMC8973505 DOI: 10.1186/s12902-022-00965-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a complex of interrelated risk factors, including central adiposity, increased blood pressure, hyperglycemia, elevated triglyceride levels and low high-density lipoprotein. Few studies have reported the genetic variants in the Sirt1 and Nrf2 genes (Sirt1 rs7895833 A > G, Sirt1 rs2273773 C > T and Nrf2 rs6721961 C > A) that increase the risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus and are correlated with some glycemic and metabolic traits in the Chinese Han population. METHODS Our study recruited 141 individuals with MetS and 549 individuals without MetS to investigate the associations between three single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of Sirt1 and Nrf2 and the risk of MetS in a Chinese Han population using the PCR-CTPP method. RESULTS This research showed that the risk of MetS was 2.41 times higher for the AA genotype (P = 0.038) and 1.94 times higher for the AG genotype (P = 0.016) compared with carriers of the GG genotype. The serum levels of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and HOMA-IR were significantly higher (P < 0.05) in carriers of the AA genotype of Sirt1 rs7895833 than in carriers of the AG and GG genotypes in the general population. The serum level of total cholesterol in the AA genotype was lower (P = 0.033) than that in the other two genotypes. However, the genotype frequencies of Sirt1 rs2273773 and Nrf2 rs6721961 in the MetS group were not significantly different from those in the control subjects, and those two genetic variants were not correlated with metabolic traits. CONCLUSIONS These results underscore the contributions of SNPs of Sirt1 rs7895833 to MetS susceptibility as well as glycemic and metabolic traits in a Chinese population.
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Affiliation(s)
- T T Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China
| | - X H Lin
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China
| | - S J Tang
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China
| | - W W Gui
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China
| | - W F Zhu
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China
| | - H Li
- Department of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, 7th Floor, Tower I, 3 East Qingchun Road, Hangzhou, 571, ZJ, China.
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Chang Y, Gao XQ, Shen N, He J, Fan X, Chen K, Lin XH, Li HM, Tian FS, Li H. A targeted metabolomic profiling of plasma acylcarnitines in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Eur Rev Med Pharmacol Sci 2020; 24:7433-7441. [PMID: 32706083 DOI: 10.26355/eurrev_202007_21912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become a common liver disorder caused by lipid accumulation and insulin resistance (IR). Acylcarnitines have become a new biomarker of IR. However, their roles in NAFLD are still poorly studied. Thus, we performed a targeted metabolomic analysis to study the level of plasma acylcarnitines in patients with NAFLD. MATERIALS AND METHODS The levels of 34 plasma acylcarnitines were measured by a targeted metabolomic approach in NAFLD patients (n = 50) and in healthy control subjects (n = 50) by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Detailed demographic and clinical characteristics of all subjects were also analyzed. RESULTS The clinical presentation of IR was identified in the NAFLD group but not in the healthy control group. Significant differences were found in the levels of several short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitines. A high degree of correlation (r>0.7) was found between even-numbered-carbon long-chain acylcarnitines in NAFLD patients. The area under the receiver operator characteristic of long-chain acylcarnitines, especially C20 (AUC=0.952), C16:1 (AUC=0.949) and C14:1OH (AUC=0.944) acylcarnitines, was greater in NAFLD patients than in healthy control subjects. CONCLUSIONS The accumulation and disorders of acylcarnitines are associated with NAFLD. A positive correlation between even-numbered-carbon long-chain acylcarnitines was found, and these even-numbered-carbon long-chain acylcarnitines. could be used as potential novel screening markers for nonalcoholic fatty liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chang
- Department of Hepatopancreatobiliary and Splenic Medicine, Characteristic Medical Center of People's Armed Police Force, Tianjin, China.
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Lin XH, Li JP, Hu X. [Current situation and health harmful effects of microplastics in the environment]. Zhonghua Lao Dong Wei Sheng Zhi Ye Bing Za Zhi 2020; 38:153-156. [PMID: 32306685 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-9391.2020.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
As an emerging environmental pollutant, microplastics have attracted more and more attention for its influence on the ecological environment and human health. Due to its wide range of usage and production, difficult degradation and other characteristics, as well as the continuous and substantial increase in the use of plastic products, the number of plastic fragments in the environment continues to increase, which leads to the accumulation of microplastics in the environment and organisms, spread through the food chain, and ultimately poses a threat to human health. At the same time, in the plastic production, synthetic textile, and other industries, the incidence of workers related occupational diseases greatly increased. In this paper, the concept, classification, source, impact on biological and human health of microplastics are summarized, and propose solutions on the current situation of microplastics pollution in China, we hope this review could provide effective reference for further carry out risk assessment of microplastics pollution on human health and formulate legislation to control microplastics pollution.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - J P Li
- Physical and Chemical Laboratory, Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Tianjin 300011, China
| | - X Hu
- Tianjin Key Laboratory for Prevention and Control of Occupational and Environmental Hazard, Logistics College of Chinese People's Armed Police Forces, Tianjin 300162, China
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Chen WH, Yi TY, Wu YM, Zhang MF, Lin DL, Lin XH. Parenchymal hyperdensity on C-arm CT images after endovascular therapy for acute ischaemic stroke predicts a poor prognosis. Clin Radiol 2019; 74:399-404. [PMID: 30773226 DOI: 10.1016/j.crad.2019.01.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Accepted: 01/15/2019] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether hyperdense areas (HDAs) observed after endovascular treatment on multisection computed tomography (CT) are related to outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS Data on 82 patients with acute anterior circulation ischaemic stroke resulting from intracranial large artery occlusion were analysed retrospectively All patients underwent mechanical thrombectomy and/or emergency angioplasty, and partial or complete recanalisation was successfully achieved. C-arm CT was performed immediately after endovascular treatment for all patients. Clinical and radiological data were compared between patients with and those without HDA and between patients with good and those with poor outcomes. RESULTS Compared with non-HDA patients, HDA patients were more likely to present with severe neurological deficits (admission National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale [NIHSS] score: 18 versus 16, p=0.037) and had a higher number of stent retriever passes performed (2.9±1.3 versus 1.4±1, p<0.001), longer onset-to-presentation times (229±78 versus 171±90 minutes; p=0.002), longer onset-to-recanalisation times (418±94 versus 331±105 minutes; p<0.001), and longer puncture-to-recanalisation times (103±47 versus 69±42 minutes; p=0.001). Fewer HDA patients had a good prognosis (35.7% versus 70%, p<0.001). Multivariate analysis showed the presence of HDAs was an independent negative prognostic factor (OR=0.208; p=0.002). CONCLUSION HDAs on C-arm CT appear to be common in patients with acute ischaemic stroke who underwent successful endovascular treatment. HDA presence suggests a poor prognosis despite successful reperfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-H Chen
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - T-Y Yi
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China.
| | - Y-M Wu
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - M-F Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - D-L Lin
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
| | - X-H Lin
- Department of Neurology, Zhangzhou Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fujian, China
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Chen YS, Lin XH, Li HR, Hua ZD, Lin MQ, Huang WS, Yu T, Lyu HY, Mao WP, Liang YQ, Peng XR, Chen SJ, Zheng H, Lian SQ, Hu XL, Yao XQ. [Etiological analysis and establishment of a discriminant model for lower respiratory tract infections in hospitalized patients]. Zhonghua Jie He He Hu Xi Za Zhi 2019; 40:909-914. [PMID: 29224300 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.1001-0939.2017.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the pathogens of lower respiratory tract infection(LRTI) including bacterial, viral and mixed infection, and to establish a discriminant model based on clinical features in order to predict the pathogens. Methods: A total of 243 hospitalized patients with lower respiratory tract infections were enrolled in Fujian Provincial Hospital from April 2012 to September 2015. The clinical data and airway (sputum and/or bronchoalveolar lavage) samples were collected. Microbes were identified by traditional culture (for bacteria), loop-mediated isothermal amplification(LAMP) and gene sequencing (for bacteria and atypical pathogen), or Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (Real-time PCR)for viruses. Finally, a discriminant model was established by using the discriminant analysis methods to help to predict bacterial, viral and mixed infections. Results: Pathogens were detected in 53.9% (131/243) of the 243 cases.Bacteria accounted for 23.5%(57/243, of which 17 cases with the virus, 1 case with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and virus), mainly Pseudomonas Aeruginosa and Klebsiella Pneumonia. Atypical pathogens for 4.9% (12/243, of which 3 cases with the virus, 1 case of bacteria and viruses), all were mycoplasma pneumonia. Viruses for 34.6% (84/243, of which 17 cases of bacteria, 3 cases with Mycoplasma pneumoniae, 1 case with Mycoplasma pneumoniae and bacteria) of the cases, mainly Influenza A virus and Human Cytomegalovirus, and other virus like adenovirus, human parainfluenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus, human metapneumovirus, human boca virus were also detected fewly. Seven parameters including mental status, using antibiotics prior to admission, complications, abnormal breath sounds, neutrophil alkaline phosphatase (NAP) score, pneumonia severity index (PSI) score and CRUB-65 score were enrolled after univariate analysis, and discriminant analysis was used to establish the discriminant model by applying the identified pathogens as the dependent variable. The total positive predictive value was 64.7%(77/119), with 66.7% for bacterial infection, 78.0% for viral infection and 33.3% for the mixed infection. Conclusions: The mostly detected pathogens were Pseudomonas aeruginosa, atypitcal pathogens, Klebsiella pneumoniae, influenza A virus and human cytomegalovirus in hospitalized patients with LRTI in this hospital. The discriminant diagnostic model established by clinical features may contribute to predict the pathogens of LRTI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y S Chen
- The Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, Fujian Province Hospital, Fuzhou 350001, China
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Abstract
Objective As high glucose (HG) concentration in peritoneal dialysis (PD) solution is thought to contribute to peritoneal fibrosis, and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) may have a key role in preventing fibrosis as they may inhibit the TGF- ß1–Smad pathway, the aims of this in vitro study were to investigate 1) if HG affects the expression of Smad in human peritoneal mesothelial cells (HPMCs) and 2) if ARB (losartan) can inhibit this effect. Methods HPMCs, obtained from non-renal patients undergoing elective abdominal surgery, were stimulated by HG solutions with different concentrations (1.5%, 2.5%, 4.25%) of dextrose and mannitol, and by solutions containing combination with dextrose and losartan. The supernatant was assayed for TGF- ß1 by ELISA and cells were collected for the analysis of Smad family by RT-PCR and Western Blot. Results 1) HG up-regulated the expression of Smad2 on both gene and protein levels, especially in 2.5% and 4.25% dextrose groups (P&0.05), and also stimulated the expression of Smad4 in 4.25% dextrose group. However, the expression of Smad3 was not affected. 2) High osmolality as such (using mannitol) did not affect the TGF-ß1-Smad signaling pathway. 3) Losartan inhibited the expression of Smad2 on the gene level but not on the protein level. 4) HG up-regulated the level of TGF- ß1 with increasing dextrose concentration, while losartan partially inhibited this effect of HG on releasing of TGF-ß1. Conclusion A high glucose solution up-regulated the expression of Smad2 and Smad4, suggesting that the TGF- ß1-Smad pathway could be involved in the fibrosis of the peritoneum during PD. As losartan inhibited the expression of Smad2 on the gene level and reduced the concentration of TGF- ß1 in our study, the results of this in vitro study suggest that the use of angiotensin II receptor blockers might represent a possible way to prevent and treat peritoneal fibrosis in PD patients. However, further studies in vivo are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Q Yao
- Department of Clinical Science, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm - Sweden
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Zhang JW, Liu ZH, Lin XH, Du YP, Guo HT. Pleckstrin homology-like domain family B member 1 rs498872 polymorphism and glioma risk in Chinese Han population. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2017; 63:7-9. [PMID: 28886307 DOI: 10.14715/cmb/2017.63.8.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2017] [Revised: 07/13/2017] [Accepted: 07/13/2017] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
This case-control study aimed to investigate the association between PHLDB1 rs498872 polymorphism and the risk of glioma in a Chinese Han population. A total of 210 patients and 235 controls were enrolled in this study. The CT genotype and TT genotype were significantly associated with the risk of glioma (OR=1.48, 95%CI 1.00-2.19, P=0.05 and OR=2.40, 95%CI 1.06-4.10, P=0.03), respectively. In addition, T allele of PHLDB1 rs498872 polymorphism was significantly associated with an increased risk of glioma (OR=1.58, 95%CI 1.08-2.29, P=0.02). We also found that PHLDB1 rs498872 polymorphism was not associated with histology and tumor grade of glioma. In conclusion, this study found that PHLDB1 rs498872 polymorphism was significantly associated with glioma risk in Chinese Han population.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-W Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Z-H Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - X-H Lin
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - Y-P Du
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
| | - H-T Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, Jilin Province Cancer Hospital, Changchun 130012, Jilin, P.R. China
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Lin XH, Xu MT, Mai LF, Tang JY, Wang XY, Li Y, Yan L. [Influence of short-term intensive insulin therapy on plasma concentration of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) and secretory phospholipase A(2) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2017; 56:127-129. [PMID: 28162183 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0578-1426.2017.02.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to explore the effect and its clinical relevance of short-term intensive insulin treatment on plasma concentrations of lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A(2) (Lp-PLA(2)) and secretory phospholipase A(2) (sPLA(2)) in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Ninety newly diagnosed T2DM patients were recruited and received continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) for about 2 weeks. After CSII, sPLA(2) levels [173.78 (80.95, 278.09) μg/L] were significantly decreased compared with the levels before [219.33 (130.03, 337.30) μg/L], P<0.01, while no statistic significant changes could be viewed in Lp-PLA(2) levels. Correlation analysis showed that the changes of Lp-PLA(2) and sPLA(2) were both positively correlated with the changes of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance(HOMA-IR)after CSII (r=0.537, 0.493 respectively, all P<0.05). The Lp-PLA(2) and sPLA(2) level reduction after CSII might help to protect the patients from diabetic macroangiopathy. Trial registration Chinese Clinical Trial Registry, ChiCTR-TRC-10001618.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M T Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510120, China
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An L, Liu J, Li WW, Shi YJ, Lin XH, Yu DM, Deng JB, Ren XQ. Distribution of LIM domain kinase 1 in the olfactory bulb, cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and cerebellum of the App/PS+/- mice. Genet Mol Res 2015; 14:17244-51. [PMID: 26681218 DOI: 10.4238/2015.december.16.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
LIM domain kinase 1 (LIMK1), an actin-binding kinase, can phosphorylate and inactivate its substrates, and can regulate long-term memory and synaptic plasticity. Both β-amyloid precursor protein (App) and presenilin (PS) are functional degeneration factors during early neuronal development, and are considered as potential factors that contribute to the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, hardly any information is available about the distribution and expression of LIMK1. Thus, using the App and PS deficient mice, the role of LIMK1 was demonstrated in the absence of App and PS. Our results showed that LIMK1 was present in the nerve fiber layer and external plexiform layer of the olfactory bulb, as well as in the mitral cells and Purkinje cells of the cerebellum in App and PS deficient mice. Additionally, LIMK1 was concentrated in the granule cell layer of the olfactory bulb and cerebellum and LIMK1 positive cells were located in the CA1 region of the hippocampus. Our study indicates that there is a connection between LIMK1 and AD in the mouse model of AD. This might explain neurological problems such as cerebellar ataxia, impaired long-term memory, and impaired synaptic plasticity observed in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- L An
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China.,Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - J Liu
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - W W Li
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - Y J Shi
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - X H Lin
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - D M Yu
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - J B Deng
- Institute of Neurobiology, College of Life Science, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
| | - X Q Ren
- Translational Medicine Center, Huaihe Hospital, Henan University, Kaifeng, Henan, China
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Zhu XQ, Hong HS, Lin XH, Chen LL, Li YH. Changes in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with chronic heart failure: an intervention study of long-term treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 47:646-54. [PMID: 25014176 PMCID: PMC4165291 DOI: 10.1590/1414-431x20143474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2013] [Accepted: 04/10/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The physiological mechanisms involved in isoproterenol (ISO)-induced chronic heart
failure (CHF) are not fully understood. In this study, we investigated local changes
in cardiac aldosterone and its synthase in rats with ISO-induced CHF, and evaluated
the effects of treatment with recombinant human brain natriuretic peptide (rhBNP).
Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into 4 different groups. Fifty rats received
subcutaneous ISO injections to induce CHF and the control group (n=10) received equal
volumes of saline. After establishing the rat model, 9 CHF rats received no further
treatment, rats in the low-dose group (n=8) received 22.5 μg/kg rhBNP and those in
the high-dose group (n=8) received 45 μg/kg rhBNP daily for 1 month. Cardiac function
was assessed by echocardiographic and hemodynamic analysis. Collagen volume fraction
(CVF) was determined. Plasma and myocardial aldosterone concentrations were
determined using radioimmunoassay. Myocardial aldosterone synthase (CYP11B2) was
detected by quantitative real-time PCR. Cardiac function was significantly lower in
the CHF group than in the control group (P<0.01), whereas CVF, plasma and
myocardial aldosterone, and CYP11B2 transcription were significantly higher than in
the control group (P<0.05). Low and high doses of rhBNP significantly improved
hemodynamics (P<0.01) and cardiac function (P<0.05) and reduced CVF, plasma and
myocardial aldosterone, and CYP11B2 transcription (P<0.05). There were no
significant differences between the rhBNP dose groups (P>0.05). Elevated cardiac
aldosterone and upregulation of aldosterone synthase expression were detected in rats
with ISO-induced CHF. Administration of rhBNP improved hemodynamics and ventricular
remodeling and reduced myocardial fibrosis, possibly by downregulating CYP11B2
transcription and reducing myocardial aldosterone synthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhu
- Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - H S Hong
- Department of Geriatrics, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - X H Lin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - L L Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Fujian Medical University Union Hospital, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Y H Li
- Department of Cardiology, The Central Hospital of Enshi Autonomous Prefecture, Enshi, Hubei, China
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Lin XH, Yuece B, Li YY, Feng YJ, Feng JY, Yu LY, Li K, Li YN, Storr M. A novel CB receptor GPR55 and its ligands are involved in regulation of gut movement in rodents. Neurogastroenterol Motil 2011; 23:862-e342. [PMID: 21726355 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2982.2011.01742.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 73] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study was to investigate the effects of the novel cannabinoid receptor - G protein-coupled receptor 55 (GPR55) - and its ligands O-1602 and cannabidiol (CBD) on gastrointestinal (GI) motility in rodents. METHODS Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) was used in vivo to produce the model of septic ileus. The intestinal motility was measured by recording myoelectrical activity of jejunum in rats, and by measuring GI transit with a charcoal marker in mice, in presence of O-1602 or CBD. Inflammatory response was assessed serologically and histologically. The expression and distribution of GPR55 in the different parts of rat intestine were investigated by real-time PCR and immunohistochemistry. In vitro, the effects of the drugs on the GI movement were investigated by measuring the contraction of the intestinal muscle strips in organ bath, and the intracellular responses of the muscle cells with microelectrode technique. KEY RESULTS G protein-coupled receptor 55 was expressed in different parts of rat intestine. Lipopolysaccharide significantly inhibited the intestinal motility, increased inflammatory cytokines and GPR55 expression. Pretreatment with CBD normalized LPS-induced hypomotility and improved the inflammatory responses serologically and histologically. Both O-1602 and CBD counteracted LPS-induced disturbances of the gut contraction, but had no effect on the membrane potential of the muscle cells, while cannabinoid type 1 receptor antagonist AM251 and cannabinoid type 2 receptor antagonist AM630 increased the potential. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES G protein-coupled receptor 55 existed throughout the whole intestine of rats. O-1602 or CBD selectively normalized the motility disturbances. Possible mechanisms involved systemic anti-inflammation and the regulation of myoelectrical activity of the intestine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X-H Lin
- Department of Pathophysiology, Institute of Digestive Disease, Tongji University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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14
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Lei Q, Lv LJ, Zhang BY, Wen JY, Liu GC, Lin XH, Niu JM. Ante-partum and post-partum markers of metabolic syndrome in pre-eclampsia. J Hum Hypertens 2010; 25:11-7. [DOI: 10.1038/jhh.2010.29] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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15
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Xie LX, Lin XH, Li DR, Chen JY, Hong CQ, Du CW. Synergistic therapeutic effect of arsenic trioxide and radiotherapy in BALB/C nude mice bearing nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts. Exp Oncol 2007; 29:45-8. [PMID: 17431388 DOI: pmid/17431388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
UNLABELLED It has been shown that arsenic trioxide (ATO) induced apoptosis in human nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and inhibited the growth of nasopharyngeal carcinoma xenografts (NPCX) in nude mice. AIM The present study was designed to determine whether ATO at the non-toxic dose level could potentiate the therapeutic effectiveness of radiation therapy in nasopharyngeal carcinoma, using a BALB/C nude mouse xenograft model. METHODS The mice bearing NPCX were treated with radiation alone (2, 4, and 6 Gy), ATO alone (4 mg/kg/day x 6 days), and ATO plus radiation at the same dosage levels. Time of tumor growth delay (defined as the time necessary for the tumor to grow four-fold of its initial volume after, compared with untreated tumors) and toxic effects were determined. RESULTS The low dose ATO alone has no pronounced effects on tumor growth delay compared to untreated control. However, compared with radiation alone, the combined regimen delayed the tumor growth by 2-10 days and had no significant toxic effects such as the liver function damage. CONCLUSIONS Combination of ATO at non-toxic dose level and radiation has synergistic effects on tumor growth inhibition in vivo and is well tolerated.
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Affiliation(s)
- L X Xie
- Laboratory of Cancer Research, Tumor Hospital, Shantou University Medical College, Shantou, China
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16
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Zhang XQ, Wu HZ, Li BX, Xu YS, Wu JB, Lin LL, Yang Y, Li ZM, Lin XH, Zhang QY. Mutations in the ATP2C1 gene in Chinese patients with Hailey-Hailey disease. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 31:702-5. [PMID: 16901313 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2006.02204.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Hailey-Hailey disease (HHD; MIM 16960) is a rare autosomal dominant hereditary disorder characterized by recurrent eruption of vesicles and bullae, predominantly involving the body folds. It is caused by heterozygous mutations in the ATP2C1 gene, encoding the human secretory pathway Ca2+/Mn2+-ATPase protein 1 (hSPCA1). When we studied Chinese patients with HHD, we found two different heterozygous mutations, Q506X and G353V, the former previously reported in a Hungarian patient, and the latter being a novel mutation. In a 38-year-old patient from a four-generation pedigree with a 3-year history of severe recurrent blisters, we identified a C-->T transition at nucleotide 1696, c(1696C-->T), in exon 17 of ATP2C1, resulting in a nonsenes mutation, Gln506X, which resulted in a premature termination codon. In the second patient, who represented a occurrence of sporadic Hailey-Hailey disease, a G-->T transversion of nucleotide, c(G1238T), in exon 13 of ATP2C1 was detected, which resulted in a Gly353-->Val amino acid substitution (G353V). Our molecular findings further demonstrate that the mutational events in the human ATP2C1 gene encoding the hSPCA1 pump play an important role in the pathogenesis of HHD.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Q Zhang
- Department of Dermatology, No. 1 Hospital, Wenzhou Medical College, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Sha AH, Lin XH, Huang JB, Zhang DP. Analysis of DNA methylation related to rice adult plant resistance to bacterial blight based on methylation-sensitive AFLP (MSAP) analysis. Mol Genet Genomics 2005; 273:484-90. [PMID: 15968537 DOI: 10.1007/s00438-005-1148-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2004] [Accepted: 03/23/2005] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
DNA methylation is known to play an important role in the regulation of gene expression in eukaryotes. The rice cultivar Wase Aikoku 3 becomes resistant to the blight pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae at the adult stage. Using methylation-sensitive amplified polymorphism (MSAP) analysis, we compared the patterns of cytosine methylation in seedlings and adult plants of the rice cultivar Wase Aikoku 3 that had been inoculated with the pathogen Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae, subjected to mock inoculation or left untreated. In all, 2000 DNA fragments, each representing a recognition site cleaved by either or both of two isoschizomers, were amplified using 60 pairs of selective primers. A total of 380 sites were found to be methylated. Of these, 45 showed differential cytosine methylation among the seedlings and adult plants subjected to different treatments, and overall levels of methylation were higher in adult plants than in seedlings. All polymorphic fragments were sequenced, and six showed homology to genes that code for products of known function. Northern analysis of three fragments indicated that their expression varied with methylation pattern, with hypermethylation being correlated with repression of transcription, as expected. The results suggest that significant differences in cytosine methylation exist between seedlings and adult plants, and that hypermethylation or hypomethylation of specific genes may be involved in the development of adult plant resistance (APR) in rice plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- A H Sha
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement, National Center of Crop Molecular Breeding, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
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18
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He SC, Lin XH, Zhou ZY, Zhou LL, Li SM. [Postnatal development of brainstem auditory evoked potential and middle latency response in rats]. Zhongguo Ying Yong Sheng Li Xue Za Zhi 2001; 17:125-128. [PMID: 21171396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
AIM To compare the postnatal development of brainstem auditory evoked potential (BAEP) with that of middle latency response (MLR) in rats. METHODS The postnatal development of BAEP and MLR had been studied continuously for 10 weeks in the same groups of rat Pups. RESULTS BAEP and MLR emerged at day 14 and 17 respectively. The peak latencies of BAEP's waves shortened systematically with age, especially during 3-4 weeks. The peak latency of wave I reached adult value at day 29, and the peak latencies of the rest waves reached adult ones at day 70. However, the peak latencies of wave Po and Na in the first time evoked MLR had already been at adult values. Though the peak latencies of wave Pa, Nb and Pb also shortened with age, they reached adult ones quickly at day 20-23. The wave amplitudes of BAEP's wave I ,III, IV and MLR's wave Nb, Pb increased quickly with age during 3-4 weeks. Their peak values were much bigger than adult ones and then decreased gradually. CONCLUSION The postnatal development of BAEP and MLR proceeded in a similar way in rats, but the peak latencies of MLR reached adult values much earlier than that of BAEP.
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Affiliation(s)
- S C He
- Department of Physiology, Medical School of Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
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Abstract
Neuroanatomical asymmetries are known to be present in the human brain, and loss of reversal of these asymmetries, particularly through changes in the left temporal lobe, have been found in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. In addition to disturbed neuroanatomical asymmetries, disturbed neurochemical asymmetries have also been reported in the brains of patients with schizophrenia. However, in the temporal lobe, the laterality of most of these neurochemical changes has not been specifically evaluated. Few neurochemical studies have addressed left-right differences in the superior temporal gyrus (STG). A deteriorated serotonin2A receptor-G protein qalpha (Gqalpha)-phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C beta1(PLC beta1) cascade has been found in the left, but not right, STG of patients with schizophrenia. Not only neuroanatomical but also neurochemical evidence supports the loss or reversal of normal asymmetry of the temporal lobe in schizophrenia, which might be due to a disruption of the neurodevelopmental processes involved in hemispheric lateralization.
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Affiliation(s)
- O Shirakawa
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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Yamamoto M, Lin XH, Kominato Y, Hata Y, Noda R, Saitou N, Yamamoto F. Murine equivalent of the human histo-blood group ABO gene is a cis-AB gene and encodes a glycosyltransferase with both A and B transferase activity. J Biol Chem 2001; 276:13701-8. [PMID: 11278752 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m010805200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
We have cloned murine genomic and complementary DNA that is equivalent to the human ABO gene. The murine gene consists of at least six coding exons and spans at least 11 kilobase pairs. Exon-intron boundaries are similar to those of the human gene. Unlike human A and B genes that encode two distinct glycosyltransferases with different donor nucleotide-sugar specificities, the murine gene is a cis-AB gene that encodes an enzyme with both A and B transferase activities, and this cis-AB gene prevails in the mouse population. Cloning of the murine AB gene may be helpful in establishing a mouse model system to assess the functionality of the ABO genes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Yamamoto
- Burnham Institute, La Jolla Cancer Research Center, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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Lin XH, Kitamura N, Hashimoto T, Shirakawa O, Maeda K. Opposite changes in phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C immunoreactivity in the left prefrontal and superior temporal cortex of patients with chronic schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1999; 46:1665-71. [PMID: 10624548 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(99)00036-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Abnormalities in types of neurotransmitter signaling that are coupled with phosphoinositide-specific phospholipase C (PLC) have previously been reported in brains from patients with schizophrenia. PLC, a main component of this pathway, may be affected in schizophrenia. METHODS We immunoquantified PLC beta 1, gamma 1 and delta 1 in the left prefrontal cortex and superior temporal cortex, nucleus accumbens and amygdala, and in the right superior temporal cortex of postmortem brains obtained from a total of 19 patients with schizophrenia and a total of 27 controls. RESULTS PLC beta 1 immunoreactivities were increased in the particulate fraction from the prefrontal cortex (by 64%), although they were decreased in the particulate fraction from the left superior temporal cortex (by 28%), as compared with the values in controls. There was no difference in PLC beta 1 immunoreactivities in the nucleus accumbens, the amygdala or the right superior temporal cortex between schizophrenic patients and controls. PLC gamma 1 and delta 1 immunoreactivities did not differ between the two groups in any of the regions studied. CONCLUSIONS Changes in PLC beta 1 immunoreactivities in the prefrontal and superior temporal cortex of patients with schizophrenia may reflect abnormalities in neurotransmissions via receptors that are coupled with the Gq alpha-PLC beta 1 cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurology, Kobe University School of Medicine, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE Immunohistochemical procedures were employed to test the hypothesis that cytokines such as interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) are involved in AIDS-related optic neuropathy and to determine the primary cell types involved. METHODS Fixed sections of six human HIV-1 infected optic nerves were immunostained for the presence of IL-1beta and IL-6, using horseradish peroxidase and diaminobenzidine as markers. RESULTS IL-1beta and IL-6 were found in astrocytes, macrophages, microglia, and endothelial cells. The great majority of astrocytes demonstrated strong immunoreactivity. CONCLUSION Our findings support the premise that IL-1beta and IL-6 are significant pro-inflammatory mediators in AIDS-related optic neuropathy. This finding supports the theory that HIV infection stimulates the release of IL-1beta and IL-6 in astrocytes, macrophages, and endothelial cells in the optic nerve which ultimately leads to demyelination, astrogliosis, and neuronal destruction.
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Affiliation(s)
- H G Saadati
- University of Southern California School of Medicine Doheny Eye Institute Department of Ophthalmology, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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23
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Lin XH. [The comparision of clinical effects between Dyract complex and glass ionomer cement(GIC) treatment of wedge-shaped defect]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 1999; 8:82-3. [PMID: 15048275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the curative effects of Dyract and Glass ionomer cement treating wedge-shaped defects.METHODS:92 patients with 312 teeth wedge shaped defects were filled with Dyract and 145 patients with 346 teeth were filled with glass ionomer cement(GIC).The curative effect as to the shape,adaptation,edge coloring,tint,secondary caries,pulp electrical test and gingivitis were observed regularly for 2 years. RESULTS:There was no difference between two groups in half a year (P>0.05),but it showed significant difference after one year (P<0.05)and highly dramatic difference after two years ( P<0.005). The curative effect of Dyract was obviously better than that of GIC in shape,tint,adaptation,secondary caries and gingivitis.CONCLUSION:The long-term curative effect of Dyract was better than that of GIC.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Stomatology,First Affiliated Hospital of Fujian Medical University,Fuzhou 350005,China
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Gu X, Lin XH, Saddati HG, Zhong Y, Hsu HY, Sadun AA. Microvascular changes in the retrobulbar optic nerve in idiopathic intracranial hypertension. Yan Ke Xue Bao 1999; 15:7-12. [PMID: 12579653] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To examine the microvascular changes in the retrobulbar optic nerve in idiopathic intracranial hypertension (PTC). METHODS Both optic nerves from a 29-year-old man with a two year history of PTC were examined histologically and morphometrically. A semi-automated image analysis system and paraphenylenediamine (PPD) stain were employed to resolve sufficiently the microvascular images for counts and measurement. RESULTS There were 150 vessels distributed in the optic nerves which revealed the following: The average lumen of the vessels in outer sectors were larger than those of the inner sector vessels (168.17 microns 2 vs. 46.99 microns 2; p = 0.0338; OD; and 251.96 microns 2 vs. 130.02 microns 2; p = 0.029; OS) while in the normal control optic nerve the outer and inner area lumens were reversed in size-differential, but this did not show a statistical difference. The thickness of the PTC optic nerve vessel walls in the outer sectors was also greater than that of the walls in the inner sectors (4.95 microns vs. 2.67 microns; p = 0.013; OD and 5.25 microns vs. 3.34 microns; p = 0.019; OS); the same measurements in the normal optic nerve showed a reversed ratio, which was opposite that of the experimental group and but not statistically different. CONCLUSION This pattern of microvascular changes is consistent with the selective axonal loss in the peripheral area of each optic nerve as much more severe than that in the inner sectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Gu
- Zhongshan Ophthalmic Center, Sun Yat-sen University of Medical Sciences, 54 Xianlie Road, Guangzhou 510060, China
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Lin XH, Walter J, Scheidtmann K, Ohst K, Newport J, Walter G. Protein phosphatase 2A is required for the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1998; 95:14693-8. [PMID: 9843951 PMCID: PMC24511 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.95.25.14693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is an abundant, multifunctional serine/threonine-specific phosphatase that stimulates simian virus 40 DNA replication. The question as to whether chromosomal DNA replication also depends on PP2A was addressed by using a cell-free replication system derived from Xenopus laevis eggs. Immunodepletion of PP2A from Xenopus egg extract resulted in strong inhibition of DNA replication. PP2A was required for the initiation of replication but not for the elongation of previously engaged replication forks. Therefore, the initiation of chromosomal DNA replication depends not only on phosphorylation by protein kinases but also on dephosphorylation by PP2A.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Pathology, University of California at San Diego, La Jolla, CA 92093, USA
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Kitamura N, Nishino N, Hashimoto T, Kajimoto Y, Shirai Y, Murakami N, Yang CQ, Lin XH, Yamamoto H, Nakai T, Mita T, Komure O, Shirakawa O, Nakai H. Asymmetrical changes in the fodrin alpha subunit in the superior temporal cortices in schizophrenia. Biol Psychiatry 1998; 43:254-62. [PMID: 9513734 DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(97)00032-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We examined possible abnormalities in neural structural proteins that may underlie morphometric changes reported in the left superior temporal cortices (Brodmann's area 22) of schizophrenics. METHODS Particulate proteins of the superior temporal cortices taken at autopsy from 11 schizophrenic and 9 control brains were fractionated by gel electrophoresis. Target proteins, identified by reading their amino acid sequences, were immunoquantified using the specific antibody. RESULTS Amino acid sequences of the 150-kDa proteins on sodium dodecyl sulfate/polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis, which were significantly increased on the left side of schizophrenic superior temporal cortices, revealed that they were proteolytic fragments of the alpha subunit of fodrin, a major cytoskeletal protein underlying the plasma membrane. Immunoquantification using the specific antibodies against alpha and beta subunits of fodrin indicated that there exist concomitant decreases in the full-length 240-kDa form and increases in the 150-kDa form of alpha-fodrin with no changes of the 235-kDa form of beta-fodrin in the left superior temporal cortices of the schizophrenic brains. CONCLUSIONS The findings may be a possible molecular basis for linking morphometric changes to neurochemical pathophysiology in schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Kitamura
- Department of Psychiatry, Shinko Hospital, Kobe, Japan
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Abstract
PURPOSE Both in vitro and in vivo studies have implicated a role for tumor necrosis factor (TNF-alpha) in the pathology of demyelinating diseases. The purpose of this study was to address the hypothesis that TNF-alpha is a mediator of AIDS-related optic nerve injury and to determine the cell types involved in the proliferation of TNF-alpha in the AIDS optic nerve. METHODS Ten optic nerves from seven patients with AIDS, and three from persons who were HIV negative were stained, using the indirect immunoperoxidase method. Six of the ten AIDS optic nerves were positive for cytomegalovirus (CMV), but the remainder did not have abnormal fundus findings. RESULTS In all the optic nerves from AIDS patients with or without CMV retinitis, the vast majority of astrocytes stained strongly for TNF-alpha. Microglial cells (MPS-derived macrophages) varied from not staining to staining strongly positive for TNF-alpha. However, oligodendrocytes were not labeled positively for TNF-alpha. Some endothelial cells also stained for TNF-alpha. Examination of normal optic nerves and controls did not reveal any cell type that stained positively for TNF-alpha. CONCLUSIONS The present study supports the contention that TNF-alpha is a major mediator of AIDS-associated optic neuropathy. HIV infection induces the production of TNF-alpha in macrophages and astrocytes, which probably causes demyelination and other neuronal damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, Doheny Eye Institute, University of Southern California, Los Angeles 90033, USA
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Sartor CI, Strawderman MH, Lin XH, Kish KE, McLaughlin PW, Sandler HM. Rate of PSA rise predicts metastatic versus local recurrence after definitive radiotherapy. Int J Radiat Oncol Biol Phys 1997; 38:941-7. [PMID: 9276358 DOI: 10.1016/s0360-3016(97)00082-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A rising prostate specific antigen (PSA) following treatment for adenocarcinoma of the prostate indicates eventual clinical failure, but the rate of rise can be quite different from patient to patient, as can the pattern of clinical failure. We sought to determine whether the rate of PSA rise could differentiate future local versus metastatic failure. METHODS AND MATERIALS Two thousand six hundred sixty-seven PSA values from 400 patients treated with radiotherapy for localized adenocarcinoma of the prostate were analyzed with respect to PSA patterns and clinical outcome. Patients had received no hormonal therapy or prostate surgery and had > 4 PSA values post-treatment. PSA rate of rise, determined by the slope of the natural log, was classified as gradual [< 0.69 log(ng/ml)/year, or doubling time (DT) > 1 year], moderate [0.69-1.4 log(ng/ml)/year, or DT 6 months-1 year], or rapid [> 1.4 log(ng/ml)/year, or DT < 6 months]. RESULTS Sixty-one percent of patients had non-rising PSA following treatment; 25% of patients with rising PSA developed clinical failure, and 93% of patients with clinical failure had rising PSA. The rate of rise discerned different clinical failure patterns. Local failure occurred in 23% of patients with moderate rate of rise versus 7% with gradual rise (p = 0.0001). Metastatic disease developed in 46% of those with rapid rise versus 8% with moderate rise (p < 0.0001). By multivariate analysis, in addition to rate of rise, PSA nadir and rate of decline predicted local failure; those with post-treatment nadir of 1-4 ng/ml were five times more likely to experience local failure than nadir < 1 ng/ml (p = 0.0002). Rapid rate of rise was the most significant independent predictor of metastatic failure. CONCLUSIONS The rate of PSA rise following definitive radiotherapy can predict clinical failure patterns, with a rapidly rising PSA indicating metastatic recurrence and moderately rising PSA local recurrence. This information could potentially direct therapy; if the rise predicts metastatic failure hormonal therapy could be considered, while aggressive salvage therapy may benefit subclinical local recurrence identified by a moderate rate of PSA rise.
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Affiliation(s)
- C I Sartor
- Department of Radiation Oncology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor 48109, USA.
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Zhang Y, Yao B, Delikat S, Bayoumy S, Lin XH, Basu S, McGinley M, Chan-Hui PY, Lichenstein H, Kolesnick R. Kinase suppressor of Ras is ceramide-activated protein kinase. Cell 1997; 89:63-72. [PMID: 9094715 DOI: 10.1016/s0092-8674(00)80183-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
A proline-directed serine/threonine ceramide-activated protein (CAP) kinase mediates transmembrane signaling through the sphingomyelin pathway. CAP kinase reportedly initiates proinflammatory TNF alpha action by phosphorylating and activating Raf-1. The present studies delineate kinase suppressor of Ras (KSR), identified genetically in Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila, as CAP kinase. Mouse KSR, like CAP kinase, renatures and autophosphorylates as a 100-kDa membrane-bound polypeptide. KSR overexpression constitutively activates Raf-1. TNF alpha or ceramide analogs markedly enhance KSR autophosphorylation and its ability to complex with, phosphorylate, and activate Raf-1. In vitro, low nanomolar concentrations of natural ceramide stimulate KSR to autophosphorylate, and transactivate Raf-1. Other lipid second messengers were ineffective. Moreover, Thr269 the Raf-1 site phosphorylated by CAP kinase, is also recognized by KSR. Thus, by previously established criteria, KSR appears to be CAP kinase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Zhang
- Laboratory of Signal Transduction, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York, New York 10021, USA
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30
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Abstract
A cis-acting regulatory region within the first intron of the human platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene has been identified that functions to negatively regulate transcription of PDGF A-chain promoter/CAT reporter constructs in both A172 and HeLa cells and that functions independent of position, orientation, and promoter context. Further dissection of this region revealed several independently acting negative regulatory elements that exhibited cell-type specificity. These results suggest that the first intron of the PDGF A-chain gene contains negative regulatory elements that may cooperate to regulate the cell-type specific expression of the PDGF A-chain gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nobuyoshi
- Department of Medicine, The Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts 02215, USA
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31
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Abstract
The NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan is a membrane-spanning molecule expressed by immature precursor cells in a variety of developing tissues. In tightly adherent cell lines with a flattened morphology, NG2 is organized on the cell surface in linear arrays that are highly co-localized with actin and myosin-containing stress fibers in the cytoskeleton. In contrast, microtubules and intermediate filaments in the cytoskeleton exhibit completely different patterns of organization, suggesting that NG2 may use microfilamentous stress fibers as a means of cytoskeletal anchorage. Consistent with this is the observation that cytochalasin D disrupts the organization of both stress fibers in the cytoskeleton and NG2 on the cell surface. Very similar linear cell surface arrays are also seen with three other cell surface molecules thought to interact with the actin cytoskeleton: the alpha 5 beta 1 integrin, the CD44 proteoglycan, and the L1 neuronal cell adhesion molecule. Since the cytoplasmic domains of these four molecules are dissimilar, it seems possible that cytoskeletal anchorage in each case may occur via different mechanisms. One indication of such differences can be seen in colchicine-treated cells which have lost their flattened morphology but still retain long actin-positive tendrils as remnants of the actin cytoskeleton. NG2 and alpha 5 beta 1 are associated with these tendrils while CD44 and L1 are not, suggesting that at least two subclasses of cell surface molecules exist which can interact with different subdomains of the actin cytoskeleton.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- La Jolla Cancer Research Center, Burnham Institute, La Jolla, California 92037, USA
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32
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Lin XH, Grako KA, Burg MA, Stallcup WB. NG2 proteoglycan and the actin-binding protein fascin define separate populations of actin-containing filopodia and lamellipodia during cell spreading and migration. Mol Biol Cell 1996; 7:1977-93. [PMID: 8970159 PMCID: PMC276044 DOI: 10.1091/mbc.7.12.1977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The transmembrane proteoglycan NG2 is able to interact both with components of the extracellular matrix and with the actin cytoskeleton. An examination of the distribution of NG2 during cell spreading suggests that NG2 can associate with two distinct types of actin-containing cytoskeletal structures, depending on the nature of the stimulus derived from the substratum. On fibronectin-coated dishes, cell surface NG2 associates exclusively with stress fibers developing within the cell. On poly-L-lysine-coated dishes, cell surface NG2 is associated with radial processes extending from the cell periphery. Spreading on fibronectin/poly-L-lysine mixtures, as well as on matrix components such as laminin, tenascin, and type VI collagen, produces cells with mosaic characteristics, i.e., NG2 is associated with both types of structures. NG2-positive radial processes are distinct from a second population of radial structures that contain fascin. NG2-positive extensions appear to be individual self-contained units (filopodia), whereas fascin is associated with actin ribs within sheets of membrane (lamellipodia). NG2- and fascin-positive structures are often localized to opposite poles of spreading cells, suggesting a possible role for the two classes of cellular extensions in the establishment of cell polarity during morphogenesis or migration. Time lapse imaging confirms the presence of lamellipodia on the leading edges of migrating cells, while numerous filopodia are present on trailing edges.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- La Jolla Cancer Research Center, Burnham Institute, California 92037, USA
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33
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Lin XH, Ali MA, Openshaw H, Cantin EM. Deletion of the carboxy-terminus of herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) glycoprotein B does not affect oligomerization, heparin-binding activity, or its ability to protect against HSV challenge. Arch Virol 1996; 141:1153-65. [PMID: 8712932 DOI: 10.1007/bf01718618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
A recombinant vaccinia virus designated VgBt which expresses a truncated secreted herpes simplex virus gB (gBt) was constructed and compared to V11gB, a vaccinia recombinant previously studied which expresses gB exclusively on the surface of infected cells. Indirect immunofluorescence assay (IFA) revealed that gBt was strongly associated with the surface of infected cells despite being released slowly into the cell culture medium. Both gB and gBt existed as oligomers, and both membrane bound and secreted forms of gBt exhibited heparin-binding activity. In protection studies VgBt and V11gB conferred equivalent protection against both homologous (HSV-1) and heterologous (HSV-2) challenge with HSV.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Antigens, Viral/genetics
- Antigens, Viral/immunology
- Antigens, Viral/metabolism
- Disease Models, Animal
- Female
- Heparin/metabolism
- Herpes Simplex/immunology
- Herpes Simplex/prevention & control
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/genetics
- Herpesvirus 1, Human/immunology
- Humans
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred BALB C
- Sequence Deletion
- Structure-Activity Relationship
- Vaccination
- Vaccines, Synthetic/genetics
- Vaccines, Synthetic/immunology
- Vaccines, Synthetic/metabolism
- Vaccinia virus/genetics
- Vaccinia virus/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/genetics
- Viral Envelope Proteins/immunology
- Viral Envelope Proteins/metabolism
- Viral Vaccines/genetics
- Viral Vaccines/immunology
- Viral Vaccines/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Neurology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Deuarte, California, USA
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34
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Verheij M, Bose R, Lin XH, Yao B, Jarvis WD, Grant S, Birrer MJ, Szabo E, Zon LI, Kyriakis JM, Haimovitz-Friedman A, Fuks Z, Kolesnick RN. Requirement for ceramide-initiated SAPK/JNK signalling in stress-induced apoptosis. Nature 1996; 380:75-9. [PMID: 8598911 DOI: 10.1038/380075a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1426] [Impact Index Per Article: 50.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
The induction of programmed cell death, or apoptosis, involves activation of a signalling system, many elements of which remain unknown. The sphingomyelin pathway, initiated by hydrolysis of the phospholipid sphingomyelin in the cell membrane to generate the second messenger ceramide, is thought to mediate apoptosis in response to tumour-necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha, to Fas ligand and to X-rays. It is not known whether it plays a role in the stimulation of other forms of stress-induced apoptosis. Given that environmental stresses also stimulate a stress-activated protein kinase (SAPK/JNK), the sphingomyelin and SAPK/JNK signalling systems may be coordinated in induction of apoptosis. Here we report that ceramide initiates apoptosis through the SAPK cascade and provide evidence for a signalling mechanism that integrates cytokine- and stress-activated apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Verheij
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Memorial Sloan-Kettering Cancer Center, New York 10021, USA
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35
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Abstract
A detailed comparison in the developing rat central nervous system between the distribution of the NG2 proteoglycan and the alpha-receptor for platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) shows that these two molecules are co-expressed by glial progenitor cells of the O2A lineage and can serve as reliable markers for identification of O2A cells in vivo. Our mapping experiments indicate that NG2-positive, PDGF alpha-receptor positive O2A cells are abundant throughout the developing central nervous system in both white and gray matter. The earliest cells immunoreactive for either of the two markers are found adjacent to the central canal of the embryonic day 15 (E15) spinal cord. These cells express only PDGF alpha-receptor and not NG2. By E17, process-bearing cells expressing both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor in a highly co-localized fashion are found throughout the central nervous system. The first postnatal week marks the peak in the number of NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor immunoreactive cells, as well as the peak in the level of expression and the extent of co-localization of the two molecules. After the first week, the level of expression of both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor declines, although both molecules continue to be expressed in the adult brain. On O2A cells in the mature brain, NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor are not as well co-localized at the subcellular level as they are on O2A cells in the younger brain. The functional consequences of co-localization and subsequent dissociation of NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor on maturing O2A progenitors are investigated in the accompanying paper (Nishiyama et al.: J Neurosci Res 43:315-330, 1996).
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, California, USA
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36
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Abstract
Previous studies on the NG2 chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan have shown that NG2 is expressed on A2B5-positive O2A progenitor cells, which are known to respond to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF). In the accompanying paper (Nishiyama et al.; J Neurosci Res 43:299-314, 1996) we show that on O2A progenitors in the embryonic and newborn rat brain, NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor display an extensive co-localization which becomes less pronounced as the brain matures past the first postnatal week. The present communication describes the relationship between NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor in vitro. NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor are highly co-localized on A2B5-positive O2A cells isolated from neonatal rat cerebrum. Mimicking the situation in vivo, the level of expression of the two molecules and the extent of co-localization decline as these cells differentiate into O4-positive pre-oligodendrocytes. However, maintenance of the cells in a progenitor state by treatment with bFGF results in increased levels of both NG2 and PDGF alpha-receptor on the cell surface, suggesting that expression of the two molecules may be coordinately regulated. Furthermore, NG2 can be co-immunoprecipitated from radiolabeled O2A extracts with a rabbit antibody to PDGF alpha-receptor, indicating the presence of a molecular complex that includes NG2 and the receptor. Finally, antibody-patching and subsequent down-regulation of NG2 results in reduced expression of PDGF alpha-receptor and diminishes the proliferative response of the cells to PDGF. These findings suggest that correct co-expression of the NG2 proteoglycan and PDGF alpha-receptor on the surface of O2A progenitor cells is important for the cells' ability to respond effectively to the mitogenic stimulus of PDGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, California, USA
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37
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Abstract
NG2 is a chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan that is expressed on dividing progenitor cells of several lineages including glia, muscle, and cartilage. It is an integral membrane proteoglycan with a core glycoprotein of 300 kDa. In the present study we have characterized three molecular forms of the NG2 core protein expressed by different cell lines. Many cell lines that express the full length 300-kDa NG2 core protein also release a 290-kDa form into the medium. This species lacks the cytoplasmic domain but contains almost the entire ectodomain. Two core protein species, the intact 300-kDa form and a truncated 275-kDa form, are expressed at the surface of an NG2-transfected cell line U251NG52. The 275-kDa species lacks the cytoplasmic domain and at least 64 amino acids of the ectodomain. Mild trypsinization of B49 cells also generates the 275-kDa species, suggesting that this component is produced by proteolysis of the 300-kDa form. Conversion of the 300-kDa species to the 275-kDa form in U251NG52 cells is stimulated by reagents such as phorbol esters, which activate protein kinase C. Phorbol esters are also known to induce expression of metalloproteinases such as collagenase and stromelysin, which could be responsible for cleavage of the 300-kDa core protein. Although B49 cells do not spontaneously produce the truncated 275-kDa species, use of monoclonal antibodies against NG2 to block the interaction between NG2 and type VI collagen results in the appearance of the 275-kDa component in these cells. Thus the interaction between NG2 and type VI collagen, which contains a Kunitz-type proteinase inhibitor sequence in the alpha 3 chain, may protect the proteoglycan against proteolysis. This is consistent with the observed deficiency of U251NG52 cells in anchoring type VI collagen at the surface.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Nishiyama
- La Jolla Cancer Research Foundation, CA 92037, USA
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38
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Abstract
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) DNA has been shown to persist in the cornea not only after inoculation of experimental animals but also in surgical samples from patients with herpes keratitis. The further observation of corneal HSV-1 DNA in subjects without known HSV eye disease prompted the present study of the presence and distribution of HSV-1 in eye bank corneas. Prior to DNA extraction, the corneas were trephined, separating the central and peripheral cornea. With polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for HSV-1 thymidine kinase (TK) and glycoprotein D (gD) gene sequences, we found HSV-1 in 10 of 24 eye bank corneas, from the 4 mm wide corneal rim in 8 eyes and from the 8 mm diameter central cornea in 2 eyes. In 9 subjects, both eyes were assayed, and HSV-1 was detected in 6 subjects. In only one subject was HSV-1 detected in both eyes and in only one subject was HSV-1 detected in the central and peripheral cornea of the same eye. The biological role of HSV-1 DNA corneal sequences is unknown. To investigate this, a rabbit animal model was established by transplantation of corneas containing viral DNA sequences in HSV-1 naive recipients. Followed for 5 months, there was no evidence of sheeding of HSV-1 in the tear film or seroconversion of the recipient rabbits. At the end of this time, HSV-1 DNA was detected in the corneal graft at a similar intensity to the PCR signal from the donor rims.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- H Openshaw
- Department of Neurology, City of Hope National Medical Center, Duarte, California 91010, USA
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39
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Wang L, Lin XH, Cui DF, Wang ZY, Chi CW. Assignment of the binding site for tissue plasminogen activator on human fibronectin. J Biol Chem 1994; 269:4332-6. [PMID: 8308001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA) has been found to bind reversibly to human fibronectin (Fn). To locate the binding site on Fn for t-PA, the Fn was degraded with N-tosyl-L-phenylalanyl chloromethyl ketone-treated trypsin, and the resulting fragments were monitored by the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method for t-PA binding activities. A 20-kDa fragment with t-PA binding activity was identified, separated, and purified. It was subjected to further degradation with Staphylococcus aureus proteinase V8. An active 10-kDa fragment was finally purified by reverse-phase high pressure liquid chromatography on a C3 column. The dissociation constants of the binding of Fn and the 10-kDa fragment to t-PA were estimated by Scatchard plot to be 1.13 x 10(-8) and 2.08 x 10(-8) M, respectively. The 10-kDa fragment was sequenced and proved to be located at the 8-9th domains of type I homology of Fn. Based on the structural analysis of the 8-9th domains, a heptadecapeptide corresponding to the sequence Thr535-Glyl551 of Fn, which resided at the large disulfide loop of domain (I-9), was designed and synthesized. Both the 10-kDa fragment and the synthetic peptide could competitively inhibit the binding of Fn to t-PA. The synthetic peptide showed about one-tenth of the binding activity of Fn to t-PA with a dissociation constant of 1.35 x 10(-7) M and was proved to be the binding region of Fn for t-PA. In addition, like the intact Fn, both the 10-kDa fragment and the synthetic peptide could remarkably enhance the amidolytic activity of t-PA in a dose-dependent manner, as shown by using S-2288 as a chromogenic substrate.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Wang
- Shanghai Institute of Biochemistry, Academia Sinica, China
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40
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Lin XH, Guo C, Gu LJ, Deuel TF. Site-specific methylation inhibits transcriptional activity of platelet-derived growth factor A-chain promoter. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:17334-40. [PMID: 8349616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Expression of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene is temporally and spatially restricted in development and highly regulated in selected normal and tumor cell lines. Because DNA methylation appears to be important in regulating tissue specific gene expression, we tested the influence of in vitro methylation of the human PDGF A-chain promotor on its activity in vivo in transient transfection assays. We now report that PDGF A-chain promoter activity is strongly repressed by DNA methylation in a DNA sequence-specific manner and that the repression of promoter activity by methylation requires a methyl CpG-binding protein(s). We also report that incubation of HeLa cells with 5-azacytidine sharply increases levels of endogenous PDGF A-chain gene transcripts. These results indicate that the promoter activity of the PDGF A-chain gene is sharply and selectively reduced by in vitro DNA methylation and that DNA methylation in vivo also may reduce its function in selected cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical Center, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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41
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Wang ZY, Lin XH, Nobuyoshi M, Deuel TF. Identification of a single-stranded DNA-binding protein that interacts with an S1 nuclease-sensitive region in the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene promoter. J Biol Chem 1993; 268:10681-5. [PMID: 8486717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
We previously observed that transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene is enhanced in cells stimulated by PDGF through a serum response element (SRE) in its 5'-flanking sequence. We now show that the region of the SRE is sensitive to S1 nuclease in vitro. We also identify a single-stranded DNA-binding protein in HeLa cell nuclear extracts that binds to the noncoding strand of the PDGF A-chain SRE but not to its double-stranded counterpart or to the single-stranded coding sequence. Competition assays using oligonucleotides with sequence-specific mutations that diminished or eliminated detectable complex formation were used to establish the specificity of this protein/DNA interaction. Remarkably, the sequence-specific single-stranded binding protein binds to this region only when it is highly supercoiled. The data suggest that the single-stranded DNA-binding protein specifically interacts with a highly supercoiled region of the PDGF A-chain promoter and that this interaction may have a role in the transcriptional regulation of this gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital of St. Louis, Missouri
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42
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Wang Z, Lin XH, Qiu QQ, Deuel TF. Modulation of transcription of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene by a promoter region sensitive to S1 nuclease. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:17022-31. [PMID: 1512241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Homodimers of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain are strong mitogens for cells of mesenchymal origin. Differences in the levels of expression of the PDGF A-chain gene have been reported in both normal and transformed cell lines, suggesting that transcription of the PDGF A-chain gene is highly regulated. We have now identified two S1-hypersensitive sites which flank a 13-base pair oligo(dG).oligo(dC) sequence located 70-82 base pairs upstream of the transcription initiation site. Three lines of evidence suggest that these S1-sensitive sites contribute to optimum promoter activity. Nuclear protein(s) binding to these sites were detected in gel mobility shift assays. Deletion of the S1-sensitive sites results in a 2-3-fold decrease in the transcriptional activity and eliminated sensitivity to S1 nuclease. Deletions in the oligo(dG).oligo(dC) motif also eliminated sensitivity to S1 and resulted in a 2.5-fold decrease of the promoter activity in the stable transfection assays. The results suggest that the highly G+C-rich region in the PDGF A-chain gene promoter locally induces the formation of non-B-form DNA under torsional stress which appears to be important in the transcriptional regulation of the PDGF A-chain gene in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Wang
- Department of Medicine, Jewish Hospital, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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43
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Wang ZY, Lin XH, Nobyuoshi M, Qui QQ, Deuel TF. Binding of single-stranded oligonucleotides to a non-B-form DNA structure results in loss of promoter activity of the platelet-derived growth factor A-chain gene. J Biol Chem 1992; 267:13669-74. [PMID: 1618866] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Levels of expression of the platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) A-chain gene differ significantly in normal and transformed cells. We have identified an S1 nuclease-sensitive site in a GC box located at -55 to -72 in the PDGF A-chain promoter region. We now demonstrate that a 24-base, G-rich complementary oligonucleotide anneals specifically to the C-rich strand of the GC box and protects the GC box from nicking by S1 nuclease whereas the C-rich complementary oligonucleotide and its double-stranded counterpart do not. In transient transfection assays, expression of the PDGF A-chain gene is sharply reduced by deletions within the GC box or if the 24-base G-rich complementary oligonucleotide is preincubated with the promoter construct prior to transfection. The data suggest that the GC box of the PDGF A-chain gene may promote a non-B-form DNA structure, which is recognized by S1 nuclease and which anneals to a short complementary G-rich oligonucleotide. The data also suggest that this non-B-form DNA is important for efficient transcription of PDGF A-chain gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Y Wang
- Department of Medicine, Washington University Medical Center, St. Louis, Missouri
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44
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Lin XH, Sugiyama M, Costa M. Differences in the effect of vitamin E on nickel sulfide or nickel chloride-induced chromosomal aberrations in mammalian cells. Mutat Res 1991; 260:159-64. [PMID: 2046696 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90004-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin E (alpha-tocopherol succinate) pretreatment significantly inhibited formation of some but not all of the chromosomal aberrations induced by crystalline NiS particles but it did not affect the chromosome damage induced by NiCl2. Crystalline NiS particles are phagocytized by cells in contrast to water-soluble NiCl2 which enters the cells by a different mechanism. These and other previous studies suggest that the phagocytosis of crystalline NiS particles produces genetic damage as a consequence of oxygen radicals resulting from the irritant particle effect and also from the high intracellular levels of nickel ions dissolving from the endocytized particles.
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Affiliation(s)
- X H Lin
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York Univesity Medical Center, NY 10016
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45
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Sugiyama M, Lin XH, Costa M. Protective effect of vitamin E against chromosomal aberrations and mutation induced by sodium chromate in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Mutat Res 1991; 260:19-23. [PMID: 2027337 DOI: 10.1016/0165-1218(91)90076-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
The effect of vitamin E on chromosomal aberrations and mutation caused by Na2CrO4 was investigated in Chinese hamster V79 cells. Pretreatment with 25 microM alpha-tocopherol succinate (vitamin E) for 24 h prior to chromate exposure (2.5-5 microM) resulted in a decrease of metal-induced chromosomal aberrations. Na2CrO4 (2.5-7.5 microM) induced mutations at the HGPRT locus, but only within a very limited concentration range. This mutagenic response could also be suppressed by pretreatment with vitamin E. These results suggest that vitamin E can protect cells from the clastogenic and mutagenic action of chromate compounds, possibly through its ability to scavenge chromium(V) and/or free radicals.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Sugiyama
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Kurume University School of Medicine, Japan
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46
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Klein CB, Conway K, Wang XW, Bhamra RK, Lin XH, Cohen MD, Annab L, Barrett JC, Costa M. Senescence of nickel-transformed cells by an X chromosome: possible epigenetic control. Science 1991; 251:796-9. [PMID: 1990442 DOI: 10.1126/science.1990442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Transfer of a normal Chinese hamster X chromosome (carried in a mouse A9 donor cell line) to a nickel-transformed Chinese hamster cell line with an Xq chromosome deletion resulted in senescense of these previously immortal cells. At early passages of the A9/CX donor cells, the hamster X chromosome was highly active, inducing senescence in 100% of the colonies obtained after its transfer into the nickel-transformed cells. However, senescence was reduced to 50% when Chinese hamster X chromosomes were transferred from later passage A9 cells. Full senescing activity of the intact hamster X chromosome was restored by treatment of the donor mouse cells with 5-azacytidine, which induced demethylation of DNA. These results suggest that a senescence gene or genes, which may be located on the Chinese hamster X chromosome, can be regulated by DNA methylation, and that escape from senescence and possibly loss of tumor suppressor gene activity can occur by epigenetic mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- C B Klein
- Institute of Environmental Medicine, New York University Medical Center, NY 10016
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47
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Bartles JR, Khuon S, Lin XH, Zhang LQ, Reddy JK, Rao MS, Isoye ST, Nehme CL, Fayos BE. Peroxisome proliferator-induced alterations in the expression and modification of rat hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins. Cancer Res 1990; 50:669-76. [PMID: 2404574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Rats were fed the peroxisome proliferator ciprofibrate (0.025%), and the effects on the expression, modification, and localization of seven domain-specific integral proteins of the rat hepatocyte plasma membrane were assessed using a combination of immunoblotting, -precipitation, and -fluorescence. Ciprofibrate caused the down-regulation of five of the plasma membrane proteins (the epidermal growth factor receptor, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, HA 321, HA 4, and dipeptidylpeptidase IV) and induced the expression of a more basic, lower-Mr isoform of the basolateral plasma membrane protein CE 9. Pulse labeling, chemical deglycosylation, and 125I-wheat germ lectin blotting suggested that the ciprofibrate-induced isoform of CE 9 differed in the posttranslational modification of its oligosaccharides and contained more sialic acid. These changes in hepatocyte surface differentiation were first observed between Days 1 and 5 on the ciprofibrate-containing diet, coincident with other aspects of the pleiotropic response of the hepatocyte to peroxisome proliferators, e.g., the induction of the Mr 78,000 peroxisome proliferation-associated protein. The effects were reversed within 2-3 weeks upon removal of ciprofibrate. The three other peroxisome proliferators tested, di(2-ethylhexyl)phthalate, clofibrate, and Wy-14,643, were found to exert most of these same effects on the expression and modification of the hepatocyte plasma membrane proteins, but the compounds differed in relative potency. The ciprofibrate-induced decreases in the concentrations of the epidermal growth factor receptor, the asialoglycoprotein receptor, HA 321, and HA 4 were similar to the selective down-regulation of these proteins observed transiently during the period of hepatocyte proliferation following two-thirds hepatectomy. Other compounds frequently used in studies of liver enzyme induction and carcinogenesis, the antioxidants ethoxyquin and butylated hydroxyanisole and the liver tumor promoter phenobarbital, were not as effective as ciprofibrate or two-thirds hepatectomy at causing the down-regulation of these proteins. The induction of the lower-Mr isoform of the basolateral plasma membrane protein CE 9 was not observed following two-thirds hepatectomy or upon the feeding of the antioxidants or phenobarbital but was specific to the feeding of the peroxisome proliferators.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Bartles
- Department of Cell Molecular, Northwestern University Medical School, Chicago, Illinois 60611
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Yeh HJ, Jin JJ, Wang YX, Zhou JQ, Lin XH, Mu XJ, Li WY. [Effect of expression of exogenous PDGF-A chain on growth and transformation of CHO cells]. Shi Yan Sheng Wu Xue Bao 1989; 22:455-65. [PMID: 2626897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
CHO cells were transfected with plasmid pSV2-PDGF-A (containing human PDGF-A cDNA) by calcium phosphate method. Twenty transfected cell lines were obtained after G418 selection. The selected 2 cell lines At1 and Aot7), with prominent changes in morphology and growth behaviour, showed transcription of PDGF-A chain mRNA much higher than CHO cells, strong fluorescent PDGF-specific reaction, appearing that PDGF-like proteins were synthesized in cytoplasm of these cells. At1 and Aot7 cells not only had increased growth rate, but also formed large colonies in soft agar and grew into fibrosarcomas in nude mice. These results suggested that the expression of exogenous PDGF-A gene might cause the uncontrolled growth and malignant transformation of CHO cells.
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Mao WS, Ma QY, Zeng LH, Lin XH, Chen YZ, Cao XY, Dai ZY. Points that merit consideration in the diagnosis of retinoblastoma. Yan Ke Xue Bao 1989; 5:3-6. [PMID: 2485740] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
According to the clinical appearances and the characteristics of the onset of 86 Rb cases, some points in the diagnosis merit consideration: 1) Since the average symptomatic age was 21.75 months and the mean diagnostic age was 24.32 months, children under 3 years with leukocoria should be carefully examined, while adult Rb should not be neglected. 2) The primary symptom of Rb is mostly leukocoria, but Rb eyes without any symptoms or leukocoria (26 out of 105 eyes in our groups) might also be encountered. 3) 4 out of the 86 cases were retinocytoma which is supposed to be a type of Rb degeneration or benign Rb. 4) Attention should be paid to abnormalities and second primary tumors in Rb patients. 5) The pedigree investigations, twin method and laboratory studies in Rb such as chromosome analysis, EsD, LDH measurement and RFLP technique are useful in the prenatal diagnosis, early diagnosis and the diagnosis of the carriers.
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50
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Mao WS, Lin XH, Ma QY, Chen YZ, Zeng LH, Dai ZY. Lymphocyte chromosome survey in 80 patients with retinoblastoma. Yan Ke Xue Bao 1989; 5:7-13. [PMID: 2485748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic analysis of eight cases of retinoblastoma patients was carried out to determine the occurrence of chromosome aberrations and to identify consistently associated clinical abnormalities. Among the 80 cases, 55 cases were unilateral, 25 cases were bilateral, seventy patients had a positive family history of Rb in 10 families. Normal chromosomes were found in 70 patients. Ten patients showed abnormal karyotypes: two cases of 13q deletion, one case of mosaicism of 13q deletion, one case of translocation between chromosomes 13 and 15 with the interstitial deletion of 13q, one case of 47, xxy, three cases of pericentric inversion of heteromorphic region of chromosome 9, two cases of pericentric inversion of chromosome Y. The patient who had the translocation between 13 and 5 with 13q deletion was found to have the characteristic midfacial appearance associated with 13q-deletion syndrome.
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