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Han XL, Liu XL. [Research progress on influencing factors of allergic rhinitis in children]. Zhonghua Yu Fang Yi Xue Za Zhi 2024; 58:196-201. [PMID: 38387950 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112150-20230811-00082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
The incidence of allergic rhinitis (AR) is increasing year by year, especially in children. AR not only affects the growth, development, life and learning of children but also causes huge economic and social burdens. This study explores the impact of individual factors such as genetic polymorphisms, epigenetics, inflammatory response mechanisms, and microecological influence mechanisms on children's AR. It also reviews the impact of external factors such as allergenic factors, ambient air pollutants, infection and immunity factors, and climate and climate change on the disease, with the aim of improving understanding of AR in children and providing a basis for its prevention and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Graduate School of Inner Mongolia Medical University, Hohhot 010059, China
| | - X L Liu
- Department of Scientific Research, Inner Mongolia People's Hospital, Hohhot 010017, China
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Zhu J, Liu S, Dai L, Yu F, Zhou T, Chen J, Xu J, Yu B, Tang S, Liu Q, Yang XL, Han XL. Elucidating the interaction between equisetin and human serum albumin: A comprehensive study using spectroscopy, microcalorimetry and molecular docking approaches. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2024; 304:123409. [PMID: 37729815 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2023.123409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 08/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/22/2023]
Abstract
Equisetin, a bioactive compound of marine origin, offers compelling inhibitory properties against HIV-1 transcriptase. To gain comprehensive insights into the interaction of Equisetin with human serum albumin (HSA), we utilized a multipronged approach involving spectroscopy, isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) and molecular docking. Our fluorescence analyses confirmed that the interaction between Equisetin and HSA results in a significant quenching of HSA's fluorescence, primarily achieved through a dynamic mechanism aided by hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. Isothermal titration calorimetry (ITC) measurements revealed an impressive binding affinity of Equisetin for HSA, quantified to be 4.3 × 107 mol L-1. Molecular docking studies illustrated that Equisetin binds at site III of HSA, with specific amino acid residues, GLN-104 and LYS-106, playing a pivotal role. Further, our study discovered that the interaction induces slight unfolding of HSA's polypeptide chain and significant alterations in its secondary structure, thereby triggering the exposure of previously concealed hydrophobic regions. This comprehensive study enhances our understanding of Equisetin's interaction with serum proteins, potentially influencing its pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics, and opening avenues for future research and therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiahua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuzhi Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Le Dai
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Tao Zhou
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jiang Chen
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Jianming Xu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Boren Yu
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Shuoya Tang
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Qingpei Liu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry of the State Ethnic Affairs Commission, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan 430074, PR China.
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Luo YW, Zhu QL, Li WW, Liu W, Cong L, Han XL, Wei YX, Zhang GN, Xiao MS, Ma L. [The application of ultrasound in the diagnosis of small bowel volvulus in adults]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2023; 61:907-912. [PMID: 37653994 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20230309-00098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To analyze the ultrasound characteristics of small bowel volvulus among adults and to investigate the value of ultrasound in the diagnosis of small bowel volvulus. Methods: Totally 34 adults with small bowel volvulus confirmed by clinical diagnosis or surgery and who underwent ultrasound examination at Peking Union Medical College Hospital from August 2017 to October 2022 were enrolled, including 19 males and 15 females, aged (55.0±21.8) years (range: 19 to 94 years). The clinical characteristics, CT images and ultrasound images of the patients were retrospectively reviewed, and the ultra, sound features of small bowel volvulus and its diagnostic efficacy were analyzed. Results: Abdominal pain was the typical clinical symptom of all patients. Other symptoms included 21 cases of abdominal distension, 19 cases of nausea and vomiting, and 13 cases of cessation of passage of stool or flatus. Eight patients had signs of peritonitis and 22 patients had abnormal bowel sounds. Twenty patients had a history of abdominal surgery. Twenty-seven patients underwent surgery for intestinal obstruction, and the remaining 7 patients improved after conservative treatment. All cases were evaluated by ultrasound, 11 cases showed a "whirl sign" and were diagnosed as small bowel volvulus, the diagnostic accuracy rate was 32.4% (11/34), ultrasound simultaneously diagnosed intestinal obstruction in 21 cases, 17 cases of abdominal effusion, 4 cases of intestinal wall thickening, 2 cases of abdominal mass, 1 case of intussusception, 1 case of right sided inguinal hernia. CT and ultrasound had a consistent positive discovery in 88.2% (30/34) of all the patients. Conclusion: Ultrasound is valuable in the diagnosis of small bowel volvulus and the evaluation of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y W Luo
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Q L Zhu
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W W Li
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - W Liu
- Department of Radiology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Cong
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X L Han
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - Y X Wei
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - G N Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M S Xiao
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - L Ma
- Department of Ultrasound, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College and Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Jin XX, Han XL, Jia CW, Zhuang JL, Chen M. [The 502nd case: thrombocytopenia, splenomegaly, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and spontaneous rupture of the spleen]. Zhonghua Nei Ke Za Zhi 2023; 62:1249-1252. [PMID: 37766449 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112138-20221114-00846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/29/2023]
Abstract
A young man with a history of thrombocytopenia for seven years presented with splenomegaly and fever and rapidly evolved to disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) and hemorrhagic shock. Spontaneous rupture of the spleen was diagnosed. The critical patient underwent an emergency splenectomy. Pathological examination revealed splenic peliosis, an extremely rare disease with unknown etiology and pathogenesis. Despite the high mortality rate due to spontaneous splenic rupture with DIC, the patient was successfully treated and the details of the case are presented in this report.
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Affiliation(s)
- X X Jin
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - X L Han
- Department of General Surgery, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - C W Jia
- Department of Pathology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - J L Zhuang
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
| | - M Chen
- Department of Hematology, Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Peking Union Medical College, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100730, China
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Han XD, Li YJ, Wang P, Han XL, Zhao MQ, Wang JF, Li CY, Tian N, Han XJ, Hou TT, Wang YX, Song L, Du YF, Qiu CX. Insulin Resistance-Varying Associations of Adiposity Indices with Cerebral Perfusion in Older Adults: A Population-Based Study. J Nutr Health Aging 2023; 27:219-227. [PMID: 36973931 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-023-1894-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/25/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Excessive accumulation of adipose tissue may accelerate brain aging, but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Several adiposity indices were proposed to assess obesity, while their linkage with brain health in older adults remained unclear. Here we aimed to examine the associations of adiposity indices with global and regional cerebral blood flow (CBF) in older adults, while considering insulin resistance. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional population-based study that included older adults derived from the baseline participants in the ongoing Multimodal Interventions to Delay Dementia and Disability in rural China (MIND-China) study. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS The study included 103 Chinese rural-dwelling older adults (age≥60 years; 69.9% women) who underwent brain magnetic resonance imaging scans. METHODS We estimated eight adiposity indices based on anthropometric measures. We automatically quantified global and regional CBF using the arterial spin labeling scans. Insulin resistance was assessed using the triglyceride-glucose index and then dichotomized into high and low levels according to the median. Data were analyzed using general linear model and voxel-wise analysis. RESULTS Of the eight examined adiposity indices, only higher waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) and body roundness index (BRI) were associated with reduced global CBF (multivariable-adjusted β-coefficients and 95%CI: -1.76; -3.25, -0.27 and -1.77; -3.25, -0.30, respectively) and hypoperfusion in bilateral middle temporal gyri, angular gyri and superior temporal gyri, left middle cingulum and precuneus (P<0.05). There were statistical interactions of WHtR and BRI with levels of insulin resistance on CBF, such that the significant associations of higher WHtR and BRI with lower global and regional CBF existed only in people with high insulin resistance (P<0.05). CONCLUSION Higher WHtR and BRI are associated with cerebral hypoperfusion in older adults, especially in people with high insulin resistance. This may highlight the pathological role of visceral fat in vascular brain aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- X D Han
- Prof. Yifeng Du and Dr. Lin Song, Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, No. 324, Jingwu Road, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P. R. China. Tel.: + 86 531 68776354; fax: + 86 531 68776354. E-mail address: (Y. Du), (L. Song)
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Han XL, Jiang NJ, Hata T, Choi J, Du YJ, Wang YJ. Deep learning based approach for automated characterization of large marine microplastic particles. Mar Environ Res 2023; 183:105829. [PMID: 36495654 DOI: 10.1016/j.marenvres.2022.105829] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2022] [Revised: 10/05/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The rapidly growing concern of marine microplastic pollution has drawn attentions globally. Microplastic particles are normally subjected to visual characterization prior to more sophisticated chemical analyses. However, the misidentification rate of current visual inspection approaches remains high. This study proposed a state-of-the-art deep learning-based approach, Mask R-CNN, to locate, classify, and segment large marine microplastic particles with various shapes (fiber, fragment, pellet, and rod). A microplastic dataset including 3000 images was established to train and validate this Mask R-CNN algorithm, which was backboned by a Resnet 101 architecture and could be tuned in less than 8 h. The fully trained Mask R-CNN algorithm was compared with U-Net in characterizing microplastics against various backgrounds. The results showed that the algorithm could achieve Precision = 93.30%, Recall = 95.40%, F1 score = 94.34%, APbb (Average precision of bounding box) = 92.7%, and APm (Average precision of mask) = 82.6% in a 250 images test dataset. The algorithm could also achieve a processing speed of 12.5 FPS. The results obtained in this study implied that the Mask R-CNN algorithm is a promising microplastic characterization method that can be potentially used in the future for large-scale surveys.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Han
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China; Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Ning-Jun Jiang
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Toshiro Hata
- Department of Engineering, Hiroshima University, Hiroshima, Japan
| | - Jongseong Choi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, The State University of New York, SUNY Korea, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Yan-Jun Du
- Institute of Geotechnical Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yi-Jie Wang
- Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of Hawaii at Manoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Yu QH, Huang R, Wu KY, Han XL, Cheng YJ, Liu WL, Zhang AQ, Qin SY. Infection-activated lipopeptide nanotherapeutics with adaptable geometrical morphology for in vivo bacterial ablation. Acta Biomater 2022; 154:359-373. [PMID: 36191775 DOI: 10.1016/j.actbio.2022.09.067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The nonselective membrane disruption of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) helps in combating the antibacterial resistance. But their overall positive charges lead to undesirable hemolysis and toxicity toward normal living cells, as well as the rapid clearance from blood circulation. In consequence, developing smart AMPs to optimize the antimicrobial outcomes is highly urgent. Relying on the local acidity of microbial infection sites, in this work, we designed an acidity-triggered charge reversal nanotherapeutics with adaptable geometrical morphology for bacterial targeting and optimized therapy. C16-A3K4-CONH2 was proposed and the ε-amino groups in lysine residues were acylated by dimethylmaleic amide (DMA), enabling the generated C16-A3K4(DMA)-CONH2 to self-assemble into negatively charged spherical nanostructure, which relieved the protein adsorption and prolonged blood circulation in vivo. After the access of C16-A3K4(DMA)-CONH2 into the microbial infection sites, acid-sensitive β-carboxylic amide would hydrolyze to regenerate the positive C16-A3K4-CONH2 to destabilize the negatively charged bacterial membrane. In the meanwhile, attractively, the self-assembled spherical nanoparticle transformed to rod-like nanostructure, which was in favor of the efficient binding with bacterial membranes due to the larger contact area. Our results showed that the acid-activated AMP nanotherapeutics exhibited strong and broad-spectrum antimicrobial activities against Yeast, Gram-positive Staphylococcus aureus, Gram-negative Escherichia coli, and methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Moreover, the biocompatible lipopeptide nanotherapeutics dramatically improved the dermapostasis caused by bacterial infection. The strategy of merging pathology-activated therapeutic function and morphological adaptation to augment therapeutic outcomes shows the great potential for bacterial inhibition. STATEMENT OF SIGNIFICANCE: The overall positive charges of antimicrobial peptides (AMPs) lead to undesirable hemolysis and nonselective toxicity, as well as the rapid clearance from blood circulation. Infection-activated lipopeptide nanotherapeutics with adaptable geometrical morphology were developed to address these issues. The self-assembled lipopeptide was pre-decorated to reverse the positive charge to reduce the hemolysis and nonselective cytotoxicity. After accessing the acidic infection sites, the nanotherapeutics recovered the positive charge to destabilize negatively charged bacterial membranes. Meanwhile, the morphology of self-assembled nanotherapeutics transformed from spherical nanoparticles to rod-like nanostructures in the lesion site, facilitating the improved association with bacterial membranes to boost the therapeutic efficiency. These results provide new design rationale for AMPs developed for bacterial inhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi-Hang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Rong Huang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Kai-Yue Wu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Yin-Jia Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Wen-Long Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Ai-Qing Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China
| | - Si-Yong Qin
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central Minzu University, Wuhan, 430074, China.
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Tao MJ, Cheng SQ, Han XL, Yi F, Li RH, Rong Y, Sun Y, Liu Y. Alignment of MXene based membranes to enhance water purification. J Memb Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.memsci.2022.120965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Xiong K, Yao XW, Han XL, Shou X. [A case of right auricle and right coronary artery perforation caused by active pacing electrodes]. Zhonghua Xin Xue Guan Bing Za Zhi 2022; 50:926-927. [PMID: 36096713 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112148-20220714-00552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- K Xiong
- Graduate School of Xi'an Medical University, Xi'an 710021, China
| | - X W Yao
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - X L Han
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
| | - Xiling Shou
- Second Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital, Xi'an 710068, China
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Wu X, Li BL, Sun J, Zheng CJ, He XD, Liu W, Hong T, Han XL. [Application of enhanced recovery after surgery in perioperative management of patients with gallbladder carcinoma]. Zhonghua Wai Ke Za Zhi 2022; 60:372-377. [PMID: 35272429 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.cn112139-20220107-00013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the efficacy and safety of enhanced recovery after surgery (ERAS) in perioperative management of patients with gallbladder carcinoma. Methods: The data of the patients with gallbladder carcinoma admitted at Peking Union Medical College Hospital between January 2017 and December 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. There were 69 males(42.1%) and 95 females(57.9%),with age of (64.0±10.3) years(range:37 to 89 years). Patients were divided into ERAS group(n=53) and normal group(n=111) according to whether they were treated with ERAS measures during the perioperative period.The basic characteristics of the two groups were matched by propensity score matching,and then the perioperative information was compared between the two groups. Categorical variables were presented as absolute numbers or frequencies. Differences between study groups were analyzed using χ2 test, Fisher's exact test, t-test, or Mann-Whitney U test, as appropriate. Results: Each group had 45 patients after propensity score matching with well-balanced basic characteristics. There was no difference in basic characteristics, operation time,bleeding,complication,and hospitalization expenses between two groups(all P>0.05). Compared with the normal group,time of ambulation (M(IQR)) (1(1) day vs. 2(2) days;Z=-3.839,P<0.01),postoperative anal exhaust time (2(1) days vs. 3(1) days;Z=-3.013,P=0.003),feeding time(2(1) days vs. 2(1) days;Z=-3.647,P<0.01),postoperative (5(2) days vs. 7(4) days;Z=-3.984,P<0.01) and total(8(4) days vs. 13(6) days;Z=-3.605,P<0.01) hospitalization time were shorter in ERAS group. Postoperative complications occurred in 12 patients. According to the Clavien-Dindo classification,6,4,and 2 patients were classified as grade Ⅰ,Ⅱ,and Ⅲa,respectively. Conclusion: The ERAS measures is safe and effective for perioperative management of patients with gallbladder carcinoma, enhancing patient recovery and shortening hospitalization time without increasing complication or hospitalization cost.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Wu
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - B L Li
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - J Sun
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - C J Zheng
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - X D He
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - W Liu
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - T Hong
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
| | - X L Han
- Department of General Surgery,Peking Union Medical College Hospital,Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College,Beijing 100730,China
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Cheng SQ, Zhang SY, Min XH, Tao MJ, Han XL, Sun Y, Liu Y. Photoresponsive Solid Nanochannels Membranes: Design and Applications. Small 2022; 18:e2105019. [PMID: 34910848 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202105019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Light stimuli have notable advantages over other environmental stimuli, such as more precise spatial and temporal regulation, and the ability to serve as an energy source to power the system. In nature, photoresponsive nanochannels are important components of organisms, with examples including the rhodopsin channels in optic nerve cells and photoresponsive protein channels in the photosynthesis system of plants. Inspired by biological channels, scientists have constructed various photoresponsive, smart solid-state nanochannels membranes for a range of applications. In this review, the methods and applications of photosensitive nanochannels membranes are summarized. The authors believe that this review will inspire researchers to further develop multifunctional artificial nanochannels for applications in the fields of biosensors, stimuli-responsive smart devices, and nanofluidic devices, among others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shi-Qi Cheng
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Si-Yun Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Pesticide and Chemical Biology, Ministry of Education, College of Chemistry, Central China Normal University (CCNU), Wuhan, 430079, P. R. China
| | - Xue-Hong Min
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Ming-Jie Tao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Yue Sun
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Separation Membrane and Membrane Process, School of Chemistry, Tiangong University, Tianjin, 300387, P. R. China
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Han X, Yu F, Lei J, Zhu J, Fu H, Hu J, Yang XL. Pb2+ Responsive Cu-In-Zn-S Quantum Dots With Low Cytotoxicity. Front Chem 2022; 10:821392. [PMID: 35237558 PMCID: PMC8883431 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2022.821392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble Cu-In-Zn-S quantum dots (CIZS QDs) with orange fluorescence have been synthesized with a glutathione (GSH) as stabilizer via facile a one-step hydrothermal method. The optimal reaction conditions of CIZS QDs including temperature, time, pH, and the molar ratios of precursors were studied. TEM results indicate that the aqueous-dispersible CIZS QDs are quasi-spherical, and the average diameters are 3.76 nm with excellent fluorescent stability. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of CIZS QDs was investigated by the microcalorimetry combining with TEM and the IC50 was 10.2 μM. CIZS QDs showed a promising perspective in applications such as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging and biolabeling due to the low cytotoxicity and good biocompatibility. Moreover, the CIZS QDs can distinguish Pb2+ ion from other ions, offering great potentials in lead ion determination in drinking water. According to the results of UV, XRD, FL, PL, and ITC methods, the mechanism of CIZS QDs-Pb2+ assay is due to hydrogen bonding or van der Waals forces in the formation of Pb2+ and CIZS QDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLe Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoLe Han, ; Xiao-Long Yang,
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - JiaWen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiahua Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - HaiYan Fu
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - JunCheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: XiaoLe Han, ; Xiao-Long Yang,
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Huang ZD, Wang WJ, Han XL, Yang XL. Three New Hydroxyphenylacetic Acid Derivatives and A New Alkaloid from Endophytic Fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. and Their Antibacterial Activity. Chem Biodivers 2021; 18:e2100741. [PMID: 34786854 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202100741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Three new hydroxyphenylacetic acid derivatives, stachylines E-G (1-3), and a new alkaloid, mortieridinone (4), along with six known compounds (5-10), were isolated from endophytic fungus Mortierella sp. in Epimedium acuminatum Franch. Their structures were determined by their spectroscopic analyses and by comparison with the literature data. Compounds 7 and 10 showed selective antibacterial activity against tested multidrug-resistant bacteria with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values ranging from 25 to 3.13 μg/mL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ze-Diao Huang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Wen-Jing Wang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Long Yang
- The Modernization Engineering Technology Research Center of Ethnic Minority Medicine of Hubei Province, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan, 430074, P. R. China
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Pan Q, Liu YJ, Bai XF, Han XL, Jiang Y, Ai B, Shi SS, Wang F, Xu MC, Wang YZ, Zhao J, Chen JX, Zhang J, Li XC, Zhu J, Zhang GR, Wang QY, Li CQ. VARAdb: a comprehensive variation annotation database for human. Nucleic Acids Res 2021; 49:D1431-D1444. [PMID: 33095866 PMCID: PMC7779011 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkaa922] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/22/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
With the study of human diseases and biological processes increasing, a large number of non-coding variants have been identified and facilitated. The rapid accumulation of genetic and epigenomic information has resulted in an urgent need to collect and process data to explore the regulation of non-coding variants. Here, we developed a comprehensive variation annotation database for human (VARAdb, http://www.licpathway.net/VARAdb/), which specifically considers non-coding variants. VARAdb provides annotation information for 577,283,813 variations and novel variants, prioritizes variations based on scores using nine annotation categories, and supports pathway downstream analysis. Importantly, VARAdb integrates a large amount of genetic and epigenomic data into five annotation sections, which include ‘Variation information’, ‘Regulatory information’, ‘Related genes’, ‘Chromatin accessibility’ and ‘Chromatin interaction’. The detailed annotation information consists of motif changes, risk SNPs, LD SNPs, eQTLs, clinical variant-drug-gene pairs, sequence conservation, somatic mutations, enhancers, super enhancers, promoters, transcription factors, chromatin states, histone modifications, chromatin accessibility regions and chromatin interactions. This database is a user-friendly interface to query, browse and visualize variations and related annotation information. VARAdb is a useful resource for selecting potential functional variations and interpreting their effects on human diseases and biological processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qi Pan
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yue-Juan Liu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue-Feng Bai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yong Jiang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Bo Ai
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Shan-Shan Shi
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Fan Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Ming-Cong Xu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Yue-Zhu Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jun Zhao
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jia-Xin Chen
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jian Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Xue-Cang Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Jiang Zhu
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Guo-Rui Zhang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Qiu-Yu Wang
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
| | - Chun-Quan Li
- School of Medical Informatics, Daqing Campus, Harbin Medical University. Daqing 163319, China
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Pan XY, Liu CH, Du WA, Chen L, Han XL, Yang XY, Li Y, Liu C. Genetic Polymorphism and Forensic Application of 47 Autosomal InDel Loci in 5 Chinese Ethnic Groups. Fa Yi Xue Za Zhi 2020; 36:531-537. [PMID: 33047539 DOI: 10.12116/j.issn.1004-5619.2020.04.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Objective To investigate the population genetic data of 47 autosomal insertion/deletion (InDel) polymorphism genetic markers involved in AGCU InDel 50 kit in Guangdong Han, Guangxi Zhuang, Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam, and to evaluate their application in forensic DNA identification. Methods Multiplex amplification of the 768 unrelated individuals from the 5 ethnic groups mentioned above was performed with the AGCU InDel 50 kit. Genotyping was carried out by 3500xL gene analyzer, population genetic parameters were gathered and polymorphism analysis was performed. Results No linkage disequilibrium was found among 47 autosomal InDel loci in the 5 ethnic groups. The distribution of genotype frequency of 47 autosomal InDel loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangdong Han and Guangxi Zhuang. Except for rs139934789, the other 46 loci confirmed to the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in Guangxi Yao, Guangxi Jing, and Guangxi Mulam. The results of genetic variation analysis among the populations showed that 1.12% of genetic variation was caused by ethnic group differences. The cumulative discrimination power of 47 autosomal InDel loci for the 5 ethnic groups were all above 0.999 999 999 999 999. The cumulative probability of exclusion for each ethnic group was less than 0.999 9. The two Y-InDels were identified in all male individuals and were absent in all female individuals. Conclusion Except for rs139934789, the other 46 InDel loci have a relatively good genetic polymorphism in the 5 Chinese ethnic groups, and can be used for forensic individual identification and as effective supplements for paternity testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Pan
- Department of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510080, China
- Forensic Judicial Appraisal Center of Yuexiu Branch of Guangzhou Public Security Bureau, Guangzhou 510080, China
| | - C H Liu
- Guangzhou Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - W A Du
- AGCU ScienTech Incorporation, Wuxi 214174, Jiangsu Province, China
| | - L Chen
- School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - X L Han
- Guangzhou Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - X Y Yang
- Guangzhou Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - Y Li
- Guangzhou Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
| | - C Liu
- Guangzhou Criminal Science and Technology Institute, Guangzhou 510030, China
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Han X, Hao H, Li Q, Liu C, Lei J, Yu F, Chen K, Liu Y, Huang T. The interaction mechanism between fludarabine and human serum albumin researched by comprehensive spectroscopic methods and molecular docking technique. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2020; 233:118170. [PMID: 32143170 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2020.118170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Fludarabine (Flu) is widely used to treat B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia. HSA is of the essence to human, especially in blood circulation system. The interaction mechanism between Flu and HSA was studied by comprehensive spectroscopic methods and molecular docking technique. UV-vis and FL spectrum results indicated that Flu bond with HSA, and there was a new complex produced at the binding site I in subdomain IIA. Association constants at 298 K were 1.637 × 104 M-1 and 1.552 × 104 M-1 at 310 K, respectively. The negative enthalpy (ΔH) and positive entropy (ΔS) values for the interaction revealed that the binding behavior was driven by hydrophobic forces and hydrogen bonds. The results obtained from UV, RLS spectra, 3D fluorescence and CD spectrum illustrated that Flu could change the secondary structure of HSA. According to molecule docking result, the binding energy of interaction is -11.15 kcal/mol.
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Affiliation(s)
- XiaoLe Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - QingYu Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - ChenYin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - JiaWen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Ke Chen
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education & Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities, Wuhan 430074, China.
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Han XL, Li Q, Hao H, Liu C, Li R, Yu F, Lei J, Jiang Q, Liu Y, Hu J. Facile one-step synthesis of quaternary AgInZnS quantum dots and their applications for causing bioeffects and detecting Cu 2. RSC Adv 2020; 10:9172-9181. [PMID: 35497204 PMCID: PMC9050053 DOI: 10.1039/c9ra09840b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Water-soluble AgInZnS quantum dots (AIZS QDs) were synthesized with glutathione (GSH) as a stabilizer by a facile one-step method based on a hydrothermal reaction between the nitrate salts of the corresponding metals and sodium sulfide as a sulfide precursor at 110 °C. The optimal reaction conditions (temperature, time, pH, and the molar ratios of the precursors) were studied. According to the data from TEM, XPS, and XRD, AIZS QDs were characterized with excellent optical properties. The results showed that the aqueous-dispersible AIZS QDs were quasi-spherical and their average diameter was 3.51 nm. Furthermore, the cytotoxicity of AIZS QDs was investigated by microcalorimetry and microscopy techniques (confocal microscopy and TEM). The data revealed that AIZS QDs exhibited low toxicity, biocompatibility, and good water stability, due to which they could be used as a fluorescent probe for bioimaging and labeling. In addition, AIZS QDs could be used as a sensor to detect Cu2+ because the fluorescence of AIZS QDs was quenched by Cu2+. Water-soluble AgInZnS quantum dots were synthesized with glutathione as a stabilizer by a facile one-step method based on a hydrothermal reaction at 110 °C. It exhibited excellent optical properties, which can be used as sensor to detect Cu2+.![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Han
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingyu Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Hao Hao
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Chenyin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Run Li
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Fan Yu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Jiawen Lei
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Qingqing Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University Wuhan 430072 P. R. China
| | - Juncheng Hu
- Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Energy Materials Chemistry of Ministry of Education, Hubei Key Laboratory of Catalysis and Materials Science, School of Chemistry and Materials Science, South-Central University for Nationalities Wuhan 430074 China
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Yang XY, Li N, Deng WY, Ma YJ, Han XL, Zhang ZY, Xie JL, Luo SX. [miRNA-96-5p inhibits the proliferation and migration of gastric cancer cells by targeting FoxQ1]. Zhonghua Zhong Liu Za Zhi 2019; 41:193-199. [PMID: 30917455 DOI: 10.3760/cma.j.issn.0253-3766.2019.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To investigate the role of microRNA-96-5p in the proliferation and invasion of gastric cancer cells and its molecular mechanism. Methods: From June 2015 to January 2017, 53 resected specimens were collected. The transcriptional levels of microRNA-96-5p and forkhead box Q1 (FoxQ1) in gastric cancer tissues and the matched para-cancerous tissues were quantified by quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR). The expression of FoxQ1 protein was also detected by immunohistochemistry (IHC). The relationship between microRNA-96-5p expression and the clinicopathological features of gastric cancer and its correlation with FoxQ1 expression were analyzed. The expressions of miRNA-96-5p in gastric cancer tissue and adjacent normal tissue were detected by qRT-PCR. miRNA-96-5p mimics was transfected to BGC-823 gastric cancer cells. The effects of miRNA-96-5p on cell proliferation and invasion were detected by cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and Transwell assay, respectively. The protein expressions of FoxQ1, E-cadherin and vimentin were determined by western blot. The relationship between FoxQ1 and miRNA-96-5p expressed in BGC-823 cells was detected by dual-luciferase reporter assay. Results: The median expression of miRNA-96-5p in gastric cancer tissue was 1.05, significantly lower than 3.23 of para-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). The positive rate of FoxQ1 expression in gastric cancer tissue was 71.7%, significantly higher than 28.3% of para-cancerous tissues (P<0.05). The expression of FoxQ1 was negatively corelated with the level of miRNA-96-5p (r=-0.613, P=0.006). The expression of miRNA-96-5p in gastric cancer cell BGC-823 was significantly decreased compared with normal gastric epithelial cell (0.96±0.08 vs 2.84±0.15, P<0.05). The results of CCK-8 assay and Transwell assay showed that overexpression of miRNA-96-5p significantly reduced the proliferation and invasion abilities of gastric cancer cells (P<0.05). Overexpression of miRNA-96-5p decreased the protein level of FoxQ1. Moreover, it upregulated the expression of E-cadherin and downregulated the expression of vimentin. The result of dual-luciferase-3'-UTR reporter assay confirmed that miRNA-96-5p binds to the 3'UTR of FoxQ1. Conclusion: miRNA-96-5p may suppress the proliferation, migration and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) of gastric cancer cell by down-regulation of FoxQ1.
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Affiliation(s)
- X Y Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - N Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - W Y Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Y J Ma
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - X L Han
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - Z Y Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
| | - J L Xie
- Department of Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xinxiang Medical College, Xinxiang 453100, China
| | - S X Luo
- Department of Oncology, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450008, China
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Liu HH, Liu J, Fan SL, Song MZ, Han XL, Liu F, Shen FF. RETRACTION of: Molecular cloning and characterization of a salinity stress-induced gene encoding DEAD-box helicase from the halophyte Apocynum venetum. J Exp Bot 2018; 69:4145. [PMID: 27811006 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erw408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- H H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - J Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - S L Fan
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - M Z Song
- Cotton Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Anyang, Henan, PR China
| | - X L Han
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - F Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
| | - F F Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong, PR China
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Yan R, Yu BQ, Yin MM, Zhou ZQ, Xiang X, Han XL, Liu Y, Jiang FL. The interactions of CdTe quantum dots with serum albumin and subsequent cytotoxicity: the influence of homologous ligands. Toxicol Res (Camb) 2018; 7:147-155. [PMID: 30090570 PMCID: PMC6062011 DOI: 10.1039/c7tx00301c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2017] [Accepted: 01/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
With spreading applications of fluorescent quantum dots (QDs) in biomedical fields in recent years, there is increasing concern over their toxicity. Among various factors, surface ligands play critical roles. Previous studies usually employed QDs with different kinds of surface ligands, but general principles were difficult to be obtained since it was hard to compare these surface ligands with varied chemical structures without common features. Herein, the physicochemical properties of two types of CdTe QDs were kept very similar, but different in the surface ligands with mercaptoacetic acid (TGA) and 3-mercaptopropionic acid (MPA), respectively. These two types of homologous ligands only had a difference in one methylene group (-CH2-). The interactions of the two types of CdTe QDs with bovine serum albumin (BSA), which was one of the main components of cell culture, were studied by fluorescence, UV-vis absorption, and circular dichroism spectroscopy. It was found that the fluorescence quenching of BSA by CdTe QDs followed a static quenching mechanism, and there was no obvious difference in the Stern-Volmer quenching constants and binding constants. The thermodynamic parameters of the two types of QDs were similar. BSA underwent conformational changes upon association with these QDs. By comparing the cytotoxicity of these two types of QDs, TGA-capped QDs were found to be less cytotoxic than MPA-capped QDs. Besides, in the presence of serum proteins, the cytotoxicity of the QDs was reduced. QDs in the absence of serum proteins had a higher internalization efficiency, compared with those in the medium with serum. To the best of our knowledge, this is a rare study focusing on surface ligands with such small variations at the biomolecular and cellular levels. These findings can provide new insights for the design and applications of QDs in complex biological media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ren Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Bing-Qiong Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Miao-Miao Yin
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Zhi-Qiang Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Xun Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- College of Chemistry and Material Sciences , South-Central University for Nationalities , Wuhan 430074 , P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (MOE) , College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences , Wuhan University , Wuhan 430072 , P. R. China . ; Tel: +86-27-68756667
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Chen Y, Zhao JY, Shan X, Han XL, Tian SG, Chen FY, Su XT, Sun YS, Huang LY, Han L. A point-prevalence survey of healthcare-associated infection in fifty-two Chinese hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2016; 95:105-111. [PMID: 28007308 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2016.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Healthcare-associated infection (HCAI) represents a major problem for patient safety worldwide. AIM To demonstrate the prevalence, causative agents, and risk factors for HCAI in Chinese hospitals. METHODS A one-day point-prevalence survey was conducted in 52 Chinese hospitals between October 2014 and March 2015. A web-based software system was developed for data entry and management. FINDINGS Among 53,939 patients surveyed, the prevalence of patients with at least one HCAI was 3.7%. Of 2182 HCAI episodes, the most frequently occurring types were lower respiratory tract infections (47.2%), followed by urinary tract infection (12.3%), upper respiratory tract infection (11.0%), and surgical site infection (6.2%). The prevalence of patients with at least one HCAI in critical care units was highest (17.1%). Device-associated infections, including ventilator-associated pneumonia, catheter-associated urinary tract infection, and central catheter-associated bloodstream infection, accounted for only 7.9% of all HCAIs. The most frequently isolated micro-organisms were Pseudomonas aeruginosa [206 infections (9.4%)], Acinetobacter baumannii [172 infections (7.9%)], Klebsiella pneumoniae [160 infections (7.3%)], and Escherichia coli [145 infections (6.6%)]. Of the survey patients (18,206/53,939), 33.8% were receiving at least one antimicrobial agent at the time of the survey. Risk factors for HCAI included older age (≥80 years), male gender, days of hospital admission, admission into a critical care unit, and device utilization. CONCLUSION Our study suggests that the overall prevalence of HCAI in surveyed Chinese hospitals was lower than that reported from most European countries and the USA. More attention should be given to the surveillance and prevention of non-device-associated HCAI in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Chen
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - J Y Zhao
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X Shan
- School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - X L Han
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - S G Tian
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - F Y Chen
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - X T Su
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Y S Sun
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Y Huang
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - L Han
- Institute of Disease Control and Prevention, Academy of Military Medical Sciences, Beijing, China.
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Zhang J, Li R, Jiang FL, Zhou B, Luo QY, Yu QLY, Han XL, Lin Y, He H, Liu Y, Wang YL. An electrochemical and surface plasmon resonance study of adsorption actions of DNA by Escherichia coli. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2014; 117:68-74. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2014.01.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2013] [Revised: 01/16/2014] [Accepted: 01/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lai L, Lin C, Xiao CQ, Xu ZQ, Han XL, Fu L, Li DW, Mei P, Jiang FL, Guo QL, Liu Y. Adhesion of quantum dots-induced membrane damage of Escherichia coli. J Colloid Interface Sci 2013; 389:61-70. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2012.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2012] [Revised: 09/01/2012] [Accepted: 09/03/2012] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Lai L, Lin C, Xu ZQ, Han XL, Tian FF, Mei P, Li DW, Ge YS, Jiang FL, Zhang YZ, Liu Y. Spectroscopic studies on the interactions between CdTe quantum dots coated with different ligands and human serum albumin. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2012; 97:366-376. [PMID: 22797377 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2012.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2012] [Revised: 06/10/2012] [Accepted: 06/16/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
This paper investigates the interactions between human serum albumin (HSA) and CdTe quantum dots (QDs) with nearly identical hydrodynamic size, but capped with four different ligands (MPA, NAC, and GSH are negatively charged; CA is positively charged) under physiological conditions. The investigation was carried out using fluorescence spectroscopy, circular dichroism (CD) spectra, UV-vis spectroscopy, and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The results of fluorescence quenching and UV-vis absorption spectra experiments indicated the formation of the complex of HSA and negatively charged QDs (MPA-CdTe, NAC-CdTe, and GSH-CdTe), which was also reconfirmed by the increasing of the hydrodynamic radius of QDs. The K(a) values of the three negatively charged QDs are of the same order of magnitude, indicating that the interactions are related to the nanoparticle itself rather than the ligands. ΔH<0 and ΔS>0 implied that the electrostatic interactions play predominant roles in the adsorption process. Furthermore, it was also proven that QDs can induce the conformational changes of HSA from the CD spectra and the three-dimensional fluorescence spectra of HSA. However, our results demonstrate that the interaction mechanism between the positively charged QDs (CA-CdTe) and HSA is significantly different from negatively charged QDs. For CA-CdTe QDs, both the static and dynamic quenching occur within the investigated range of concentrations. According to the DLS results, some large-size agglomeration also emerged.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Lai
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecule Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Han XL, Tian FF, Ge YS, Jiang FL, Lai L, Li DW, Yu QL, Wang J, Lin C, Liu Y. Spectroscopic, structural and thermodynamic properties of chlorpyrifos bound to serum albumin: A comparative study between BSA and HSA. Journal of Photochemistry and Photobiology B: Biology 2012; 109:1-11. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2011.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 147] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2011] [Revised: 12/12/2011] [Accepted: 12/13/2011] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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26
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Tian FF, Li JH, Jiang FL, Han XL, Xiang C, Ge YS, Li LL, Liu Y. The adsorption of an anticancer hydrazone by protein: an unusual static quenching mechanism. RSC Adv 2012. [DOI: 10.1039/c1ra00521a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
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Han XL, Liu M, Voisey A, Ren YS, Kurimoto P, Gao T, Tefera L, Dechow P, Ke HZ, Feng JQ. Post-natal effect of overexpressed DKK1 on mandibular molar formation. J Dent Res 2011; 90:1312-7. [PMID: 21917600 DOI: 10.1177/0022034511421926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Dickkopf-related protein 1 (DKK1) is a potent inhibitor of Wnt/β-catenin signaling. Dkk1-null mutant embryos display severe defects in head induction. Conversely, targeted expression of Dkk1 in dental epithelial cells leads to the formation of dysfunctional enamel knots and subsequent tooth defects during embryonic development. However, its role in post-natal dentinogenesis is largely unknown. To address this issue, we studied the role of DKK1 in post-natal dentin development using 2.3-kb Col1a1-Dkk1 transgenic mice, with the following key findings: (1) The Dkk1 transgene was highly expressed in pulp and odontoblast cells during post-natal developmental stages; (2) the 1(st) molar displayed short roots, an enlarged pulp/root canal region, and a decrease in the dentin formation rate; (3) a small malformed second molar and an absent third molar; (4) an increase of immature odontoblasts, few mature odontoblasts, and sharply reduced dentinal tubules; and (5) a dramatic change in Osx and nestin expression. We propose that DKK1 controls post-natal mandibular molar dentin formation either directly or indirectly via the inhibition of Wnt signaling at the following aspects: (i) post-natal dentin formation, (ii) formation and/or maintenance of the dentin tubular system, (iii) mineralization of the dentin, and (iv) regulation of molecules such as Osx and nestin.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Baylor College of Dentistry, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M Health Science Center, 3302 Gaston Avenue, Dallas, TX 75246, USA
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Li DW, Tian FF, Ge YS, Ding XL, Li JH, Xu ZQ, Zhang MF, Han XL, Li R, Jiang FL, Liu Y. A novel pH-sensitive (±)-α-tocopherol–5-fluorouracil adduct with antioxidant and anticancer properties. Chem Commun (Camb) 2011; 47:10713-5. [DOI: 10.1039/c1cc13821a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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Tian FF, Jiang FL, Han XL, Xiang C, Ge YS, Li JH, Zhang Y, Li R, Ding XL, Liu Y. Synthesis of a Novel Hydrazone Derivative and Biophysical Studies of Its Interactions with Bovine Serum Albumin by Spectroscopic, Electrochemical, and Molecular Docking Methods. J Phys Chem B 2010; 114:14842-53. [DOI: 10.1021/jp105766n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 218] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Fang-Fang Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Feng-Lei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xiao-Le Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Chen Xiang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yu-Shu Ge
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Jia-Han Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yue Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Ran Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Xin-Liang Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
| | - Yi Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology & Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Biology and Medicine (Ministry of Education), College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, P. R. China
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Han XL, Mei P, Liu Y, Xiao Q, Jiang FL, Li R. Binding interaction of quinclorac with bovine serum albumin: a biophysical study. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2009; 74:781-787. [PMID: 19729340 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2009.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 96] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2009] [Revised: 07/14/2009] [Accepted: 08/07/2009] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Quinclorac (QUC) is a new class of highly selective auxin herbicides. The interaction between QUC and bovine serum albumin (BSA) was investigated by fluorescence spectroscopy, synchronous fluorescence, three-dimensional fluorescence, CD spectroscopy and UV-vis absorption spectroscopy under simulative physiological condition. It was proved that the probable quenching mechanism of BSA by quinclorac was dynamic quenching. The Stern-Volmer quenching model has been successfully applied and the activation energy of the interaction as much as 8.03 kJ mol(-1), corresponding thermodynamic parameters DeltaH(theta), DeltaS(theta) and DeltaG(theta) were calculated. The results indicated that the acting forces between QUC and BSA were mainly hydrogen bonding and van der Waals forces. According to the Förster non-radiation energy transfer theory, the average binding distance between donor (BSA) and acceptor (QUC) was obtained (r=3.12 nm). The alterations of protein secondary structure in the presence of QUC were confirmed by the evidences from three-dimensional fluorescence, synchronous fluorescence and CD spectroscopy. Furthermore, the site marker competitive experiments indicated that the binding of QUC to BSA primarily took place in Sudlow site I.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Le Han
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Chemistry and Molecular Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, PR China
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Liu HH, Liu J, Fan SL, Song MZ, Han XL, Liu F, Shen FF. Molecular cloning and characterization of a salinity stress-induced gene encoding DEAD-box helicase from the halophyte Apocynum venetum. J Exp Bot 2008; 59:633-44. [PMID: 18272921 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erm355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The genes encoding DEAD-box helicases play a key role in various abiotic stresses, including temperature, light, oxygen, and salt stress. A salt-responsive gene, designated AvDH1, was isolated from the halophyte dogbane (Apocynum venetum) by using suppression subtractive hybridization and RACE (rapid amplification of cDNA ends) PCR. The deduced amino acid sequence has nine conserved helicase motifs of the DEAD-box protein family. The AvDH1 gene is present as a single copy in the dogbane genome. This gene is expressed in response to NaCl and not polyethlene glycol (PEG) nor abscisic acid, and its expression increases with time. The transcription of AvDH1 is also induced by low temperature (4 degrees C), but its accumulation first increases then decreases with time. The purified recombinant protein contains ATP-dependent DNA helicase activity, ATP-independent RNA helicase activity, and DNA- or RNA-dependent ATPase activity. The ATPase activity of AvDH1 is stimulated more by single-stranded DNA than by double-stranded DNA or RNA. These results suggested that AvDH1 belonging to the DEAD-box helicase family is induced by salinity, functions as a typical helicase to unwind DNA and RNA, and may play an important role in salinity tolerance.
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Affiliation(s)
- H H Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Agronomy, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, Shandong 271018, PR China
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Abstract
One important study objective in drug stability studies is to estimate the shelf-life of a drug. A key statistical problem involved in this is how to assess the practical equivalence of different batches of the same drug so that different batches can be subgrouped to produce a single shelf-life for the drug. In this paper constant-width simultaneous confidence bands are proposed to quantify the magnitude of difference between different batches, with a particular view to establish the practical equivalence of different batches. This approach is suitable for the situation that the intercepts and slopes of the regression lines for the batches cannot be assumed to be equal. It is shown how constant-width simultaneous confidence bands can be easily constructed for the multiple comparison of several general linear regression models. In particular, it is shown that constant-width simultaneous confidence bands have a better chance to establish the equivalence than, and so are preferable to, the hyperbola-shaped simultaneous confidence bands considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Southampton Statistical Sciences Research Institute and School of Maths, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK.
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Han XL, Liu DQ, Feng XP. [Studies on the sensitivity of Plasmodium falciparum to pyronaridine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine in vitro]. Zhongguo Ji Sheng Chong Xue Yu Ji Sheng Chong Bing Za Zhi 2003; 18:8-10. [PMID: 12567461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/28/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop an in vitro method for the assessment of drug response in P. falciparum to pyronaridine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine (PND/S/P). METHODS The PND/S/P microtest plate was designed, Rieckmann in vitro microtest(WHO standard kit) was used to test the sensitivity of P falciparum in continuous culture (FCC1/HN strain), and the data obtained were analyzed using a computer programme. Fractional inhibitory concentration (FIC) was calculated to test the possible synergy between PND and S/P. RESULTS The effect of the PND/S/P plates was fairly stable and the ED50 values of pyronaridine, sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine were 0.11, 215.12 and 2.9 pmol, respectively. The FIC obtained confirmed the synergism between PND and S/P. CONCLUSION The in vitro method can be used to assess the sensitivity of P. falciparum to pyronaridine/sulfadoxine/pyrimethamine.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Institute of Parasitic Diseases, Chinese Academy of Preventive Medicine, Shanghai 200025
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Chao YL, Ding XY, Liang X, Han XL. [Study on mechanical properties of titanius alloy samples fabricated with vacuum-sintered powder metallurgy]. Shanghai Kou Qiang Yi Xue 2001; 10:119-21. [PMID: 14994034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate mechanical properties of titanium alloy samples with vacuum-sintered powder metallurgy. METHODS Titanium based metal powder mixtures were compacted into green bodies in the double action press and sintered at 1000 degrees centigrade for 15 minutes in a vacuum furnace at 0.025Pa. Then the mechanical properities of the sintered compacts were evaluated. RESULTS Compressive strength of sintered bodies were 111-921MPa when compacted pressure increased from 100MPa to 300MPa. Compressive strength of sintered bodies increased with compacted pressure. Three particle sizes of titanium powder, -160 mesh, -200/+300 mesh, -300 mesh, did not affect the mechanical properties of sintered bodies. The compressive strength of sintered bodies with the plating of copper and tin were higher than those without the plating. Three-point bending strength and elastic modulus of sintered bodies were respectively 102-182MPa and 12193-26630 when compacted pressure affect the mechanical properties pf sintered compacts. Titanium powder plated with copper and tin is compacted and sintered easily, the mechanical properties of sintered compacts are greatly improved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y L Chao
- Department of Prosthodontics, College of Stomatology, West China University of Medical Science, Chengdu 610041, China
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Abstract
The human homolog of mouse NF-E2 was isolated from the K562 cell line and found to encode a member of the basic leucine-zipper family of DNA-binding regulatory proteins. The deduced amino acid sequence of the mouse and human proteins exhibited near identity. Comparison to the related protein, Nrf1, revealed significant homologies at isolated regions, particularly within the basic domain, suggesting that NF-E2 and Nrf1 are members of a distinct subfamily of basic leucine-zipper proteins that share similar DNA-binding properties. High levels of human NF-E2 mRNA were observed in human erythroleukemic cell lines examined. Extensive survey of human tissue samples found NF-E2 expression not limited to erythropoeitic organs. Expression in the colon and testis suggests that NF-E2 may participate in the regulation of genes other than globin.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724
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Abstract
We have devised a complementation assay in yeast to clone mammalian transcriptional activators and have used it to identify a human basic leucine-zipper transcription factor that we have designated Nrf1 for NF-E2-related factor 1. Nrf1 potentially encodes a 742-aa protein and displays marked homology to the mouse and human NF-E2 transcription factors. Nrf1 activates transcription via NF-E2 binding sites in yeast cells. The ubiquitous expression pattern of Nrf1 and the range of promoters containing the NF-E2 binding motif suggest that this gene may play a role in the regulation of heme synthesis and ferritin genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Y Chan
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of California, San Francisco 94143-0724
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Helmer KG, Wu CY, Cline D, Kavka AE, Kernan WJ, Vogt EG, Guidry MW, Han XL, Kincaid RW, Liu XT, Schecter H, Rasmussen JO, Shihab-Eldin A, Stoyer MA, Halbert ML. Search for diabolical pair transfer in two-neutron transfer reactions. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1993; 48:1879-1883. [PMID: 9969030 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.48.1879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Han XL, Wu CL, Feng DH, Guidry MW. Nuclear masses in the fermion dynamical symmetry model. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1992; 45:1127-1144. [PMID: 9967865 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.45.1127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Han XL, Liehr JG. Induction of covalent DNA adducts in rodents by tamoxifen. Cancer Res 1992; 52:1360-3. [PMID: 1737398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The antiestrogen tamoxifen, increasingly used as adjuvant treatment for breast cancer, has been found to covalently modify DNA of rodents. For instance, the liver DNA of female Sprague-Dawley rats treated with a single injection of tamoxifen contained two DNA adducts. Four additional DNA adducts were formed and adduct concentrations increased 5- 7- and 10-15-fold after three and six tamoxifen injections, respectively, from levels observed after a single dose. The accumulation of DNA adducts with repeated administrations of tamoxifen to rodents may make this drug a poor choice for the chronic preventative treatment of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston 77550-2782
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Sung CK, Han XL, Brunetti A, Maddux B, Yamamoto-Honda R, Goldfine ID. Regulation of biological functions by an insulin receptor monoclonal antibody in insulin receptor beta-subunit mutants. Biochemistry 1992; 31:168-74. [PMID: 1731870 DOI: 10.1021/bi00116a025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
We investigated the effects of MA-5, a human-specific monoclonal antibody to the insulin receptor alpha-subunit, on transmembrane signaling in cell lines transfected with and expressing both normal human insulin receptors and receptors mutated in their beta-subunit tyrosine kinase domains. In cell lines expressing normal human insulin receptors, MA-5 stimulated three biological functions: aminoisobutyric acid (AIB) uptake, thymidine incorporation, and S6 kinase activation. Under conditions where these biological functions were stimulated, there was no detectable stimulation of receptor tyrosine kinase. We then combined the use of this monoclonal antibody with cells expressing insulin receptors with mutations in the beta-subunit tyrosine kinase domain; two of ATP binding site mutants V1008 (Gly----Val) and M1030 (Lys----Met) and one triple-tyrosine autophosphorylation site mutant F3 (Tyr----Phe at 1158, 1162, and 1163). In cells expressing V1008 receptors, none of the three biological functions of insulin was stimulated. In cells expressing M1030 receptors, AIB uptake was stimulated to a small, but significant, extent whereas the other two functions were not. In cells expressing F3 receptors, AIB uptake and S6 kinase activation, but not thymidine incorporation, were fully stimulated. The data suggest, therefore, that (1) activation of insulin receptor tyrosine kinase may not be a prerequisite for signaling of all the actions of insulin and (2) there may be multiple signal transduction pathways to account for the biological actions of insulin.
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Affiliation(s)
- C K Sung
- Department of Medicine, Mount Zion Medical Center, University of California, San Francisco 94120
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Abstract
Methods for the efficient use of limiting amounts of fatty acid probes in the synthesis of individual molecular species of plasmenylcholine have been developed. Plasmenylcholine molecular species were synthesized through acylation of homogeneous 1-O-(Z)-hexadec-1'-enyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine utilizing fatty acid anhydrides generated in situ from combined pools of reactant and recycled fatty acids by repeated addition of small amounts (10 mol%) of N,N'-dicyclohexylcarbodiimide. The efficient generation of reactive anhydrides was accomplished through minimizing irreversible formation of N-acyl urea adducts by maintaining a persistent molar excess of fatty acid (with respect to carbodiimide) during the entire reaction time course. The synthesis of multiple different sn-2 labeled plasmenylcholine probes for utilization in fluorescence, ESR, or 2H NMR spectroscopy as well as isotopically labeled plasmenylcholines for metabolic studies has been achieved in good yield (40-50% of theoretical yield based on fatty acid) by these methods. Rapid and effective purification methods utilizing high-performance liquid chromatography were developed for both large- and small-scale purifications of individual reaction mixtures which collectively resulted in the isolation of homogeneous plasmenylcholine molecular species in high yield from limiting amounts of fatty acid probes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Abstract
The dynamics of binary mixtures of choline glycerophospholipids and lysophospholipids were examined by fluorescence spectroscopy to compare and contrast the effects of each subclass of lysophospholipids on plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine membrane motional characteristics. The decrease in steady-state anisotropy resulting from the introduction of lysoplasmenylcholine into plasmenylcholine bilayers was 4-6-fold greater than that manifest from the introduction of lysophosphatidylcholine into phosphatidylcholine bilayers (i.e., delta r = 0.017 vs. 0.004 or 0.011 vs. 0.002 at 5 C degrees and 10 C degrees above their phase transition temperatures, respectively). Lysoplasmenylcholine was also more potent than lysophosphatidylcholine in perturbing the dynamics of membrane bilayers comprised of phosphatidylcholine as measured by alterations in the steady-state anisotropy of the diphenylhexatriene probe. Finally, lipid matrices comprised of plasmenylcholine were uniformly more susceptible to amphiphilic perturbation (mediated by lysoplasmenylcholine, lysophosphatidylcholine or long chain acylcarnitine) than matrices comprised of phosphatidylcholine. Collectively, these results demonstrate that accumulation of plasmalogen catabolites resulting from activation of plasmalogen-selective phospholipases A2 can potentiate alterations in membrane dynamics during signal transduction in plasmalogen-enriched bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110
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Han XL, Gross RW. Proton nuclear magnetic resonance studies on the molecular dynamics of plasmenylcholine/cholesterol and phosphatidylcholine/cholesterol bilayers. Biochim Biophys Acta 1991; 1063:129-36. [PMID: 2015252 DOI: 10.1016/0005-2736(91)90362-c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Physiologically relevant molecular species of plasmenylcholine and phosphatidylcholine were synthesized and their molecular dynamics and interactions with cholesterol were compared by determination of salient proton spin-lattice relaxation times and apparent activation energies for 1H-NMR observable motion. The molecular dynamics of PA PhosCho (1-hexadecanoyl-2-eicosatetra-5',8',11',14'-enoyl-sn-glycero-3-pho sphocholine) in multiple regions of the bilayer. Furthermore, the fluidity gradient of PA PhosCho was larger than that of PA PlasCho as ascertained by 1H spin-lattice relaxation time measurements. Introduction of cholesterol into each bilayer resulted in disparate effects on the dynamics of each subclass including: (1) increased motional freedom in the polar head group of PA PlasCho without substantial alterations in the dynamics of the polar head group of PA PhosCho; and (2) increased immobilization of the membrane interior in PA PlasCho in comparison to PA PhosCho. Analysis of Arrhenius plots of T1 relaxation times demonstrated that the apparent activation energies for vinyl and bisallylic methylene proton NMR observable motion in PA PhosCho were greater than that in PA PlasCho. Thus, comparisons of spin-lattice relaxation times and apparent activation energies demonstrate that vesicles comprised of PA PlasCho and PA PhosCho possess differential molecular dynamics and distinct interactions with cholesterol. Collectively, these results underscore the significance of the conjoint presence of the vinyl ether linkage and arachidonic acid as an important determinant of membrane dynamics in specialized mammalian membranes.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Department of Medicine, Washington University, St. Louis, Mo
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Liu XT, Cline D, Czosnyka T, Guidry MW, Han XL, Kavka AE, Kernan WJ, Kincaid RW, Sorensen SP, Vogt EG, Wu CY. Two-neutron pairing enhancement factors. Phys Rev C Nucl Phys 1991; 43:R1-R4. [PMID: 9967082 DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.43.r1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Han XL, Schinn GW, Gallagher A. Differential, partial cross sections for electron excitation of the sodium 3P state. Phys Rev A 1990; 42:1245-1257. [PMID: 9904149 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.42.1245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/11/2023]
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Abstract
The conformation of plasmenylcholine near the hydrophobic-hydrophilic interface in membrane bilayers was deduced by determination of critical internuclear distances utilizing truncated driven nuclear Overhauser enhancement. These experiments demonstrated that the beta-vinyl ether proton in plasmenylcholine was in close spatial proximity and nearly equidistant (approximately 3 A) to both the alpha- and beta-methylene protons of the sn-2 aliphatic chain. In contrast, the distances between the alpha-vinyl ether proton and the alpha- and beta-methylene protons of the sn-2 aliphatic chain were greater than or equal to 5 A. Furthermore, the distance between the N-CH3 protons in the polar head group and the methylene protons of the glycerol backbone in plasmenylcholine vesicles is larger than that present in phosphatidylcholine vesicles. Although the proximal portion of the sn-2 acyl chain in phosphatidylcholine is bent, conformational analysis utilizing these distance constraints demonstrated that the carbon atoms which comprise the proximal portion of the sn-2 aliphatic chain in plasmenylcholine are nearly coplanar, in register, and parallel to the sn-1 aliphatic chain. Taken together, these observations indicate that modest covalent alterations in the proximal portion of the sn-1 aliphatic chain in choline glycerophospholipids result in substantial changes in the molecular conformation and packing of hydrated phospholipid bilayers.
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Affiliation(s)
- X L Han
- Molecular and Cellular Cardiovascular Biochemistry, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri 63110
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Han XL. [Change of kidney volume in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM)]. Zhongguo Yi Xue Ke Xue Yuan Xue Bao 1989; 11:388-90. [PMID: 2534620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Kidney volume in 87 patients with NIDDM was measured by ultrasound scanning. The poorly controlled diabetics with HbA1 greater than 9.8% showed increased kidney volume (169.5 +/- 24.8 ml/1.73 m2) being larger than normal controls (155.6 +/- 17.3 ml/1.73 m2). The kidney volume was within normal range in diabetics (152.2 +/- 19.3 ml/1.73 m2) with good metabolic control (HbA1 less than 9.8%). There exists a positive correlation between kidney volume and HbA1 level (r = 0.5460, n = 87, P less than 0.01). After effective metabolic control of over 3 months, the increased kidney volume showed significant decrease with reduction of HbA1 level.
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Han XL, Schinn GW, Gallagher A. Spin-exchange cross section for electron excitation of Na 3S-3P determined by a novel spectroscopic technique. Phys Rev A Gen Phys 1988; 38:535-538. [PMID: 9900204 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.38.535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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Ginocchio JN, Casten RF, Feng DH, Wu CL, Han XL. Comment on "Dynamical symmetries of the interacting-boson model from a non-U(6) viewpoint". Phys Rev Lett 1987; 59:1373. [PMID: 10035215 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.59.1373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
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