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Kwon YH, Song YW, Park JY, Cha JK, Thoma DS, Jung UW, Jung RE. Ridge preservation using a self-retaining block type bone substitute for extraction sockets with buccal dehiscence defects - A preclinical study. Clin Oral Implants Res 2024; 35:330-339. [PMID: 38126121 DOI: 10.1111/clr.14229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of a self-retaining block-type bone substitute (srBB) on the dimensional stability of the horizontal ridge width at the coronal level in a buccal dehiscence model. MATERIALS AND METHODS Four box-shaped bone defects with a buccal dehiscence were surgically prepared in the partially edentulous mandible (n = 6). Experimental biomaterials were randomly assigned to each site: (1) Control group: no treatment, (2) particle-type bone substitute (PBS) group, (3) collagenated soft block bone substitute (csBB) group, and (4) self-retaining synthetic block bone (srBB) group. In all grafted groups, a collagen membrane covered the biomaterials. At 16 weeks, clinical, histological, and radiographic analyses were performed. RESULTS Three of the six blocks in the srBB group became exposed and fell out during the first week after surgery. Therefore, the remaining three specimens were renamed RsrBB group. The RsrBB group showed an increase horizontal ridge compared to the pristine bone width at 2-4 mm below the CEJ, while the other groups showed resorption (augmented width at 2 mm below: 4.2, 42.4, 36.2, and 110.1% in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively). The mineralized bone area was largest in the RsrBB group (4.74, 3.44, 5.67, and 7.77 mm2 in the control, PBS, csBB, and RsrBB groups, respectively.). CONCLUSIONS The srBB group demonstrated the highest volume stability at the coronal level. These findings would potentially suggest that self-retaining block bone substitute might be a good candidate for alveolar ridge preservation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Song
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel S Thoma
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronald E Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, Center of Dental Medicine, University of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
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Park JY, Kwon YH, Song YW, Cha JK, Jung UW, Thoma D, Jung R. Is transmucosal healing of an implant as effective as submerged healing when simultaneous guided bone regeneration is performed? A preclinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2024; 51:330-337. [PMID: 38087817 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
AIM To investigate whether transmucosal healing is as effective as submerged healing in terms of buccal bone regeneration when guided bone regeneration (GBR) is performed simultaneously with implant placement. MATERIALS AND METHODS In six dogs, buccal dehiscence defects were created in the edentulous mandibular ridge, sized 5 × 5 × 3 mm (length × height × depth). In each defect, a bone-level implant was placed, and four experimental groups were randomly assigned as follows: (i) transmucosal healing with GBR (T-GBR), (ii) transmucosal healing without GBR (T-control), (iii) submerged healing with GBR (S-GBR) and (iv) submerged healing without GBR (S-control). Data analyses were based on histological slides 5 months after implant placement. RESULTS The T-GBR group showed significant differences compared to the control groups regarding defect height resolution, buccal bone thickness and mineralized tissue area (p < .05), but showed no significant differences when compared with the S-GBR group (p > .05). CONCLUSIONS The mode of healing (transmucosal vs. submerged) does not influence bone regeneration at implant sites. The clinician may therefore choose the approach based on further clinical and patient-specific parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Song
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Daniel Thoma
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Ronald Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Park JY, Kwon YH, Song YW, Cha JK, Jung UW, Jung RE, Thoma DS. Flapless early implant placement into the uncalcified provisional matrix-Does it lead to osseointegration of the implant? A preclinical study. J Clin Periodontol 2024. [PMID: 38356227 DOI: 10.1111/jcpe.13963] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/01/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
AIM To test whether early implant placement into the extraction socket containing an uncalcified provisional matrix leads to successful osseointegration and stable marginal bone levels. MATERIALS AND METHODS In six mongrel dogs, the mandibular molars were extracted. Three weeks later, early implant placement was performed according to three experimental protocols: (i) flapless implant placement with preservation of the provisional matrix; (ii) flap elevation, socket debridement and implant placement; and (iii) flap elevation, socket debridement, implant placement and guided bone regeneration (GBR). One untreated extraction socket served as a control group. Data analyses were based on histologic slides 3 months after implant placement. RESULTS There were no differences in bone-to-implant contact between the three experimental groups (66.97%, 58.89% and 60.89%, respectively) (inter-group comparison p = .42). Marginal bone levels, first bone-to-implant contact as well as the thickness of the connective tissue did not reveal any significant differences between the groups (p = .85, .60 and .65, respectively). CONCLUSIONS Flapless early implant placement into posterior extraction sockets was as effective as an open flap approach in conjunction with GBR. Mineralization of the socket seems to occur irrespective of the presence of dental implants or biomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Young Woo Song
- Department of Periodontology, Dental Hospital, Veterans Health Service Medical Center, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Jae-Kook Cha
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Ronald E Jung
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - Daniel S Thoma
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, College of Dentistry, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
- Clinic of Reconstructive Dentistry, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
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Song YW, Park JY, Kwon YH, Jang WE, Kim SJ, Seo JT, Moon SJ, Jung UW. Host modulation therapy for improving the osseointegration of dental implants under bone healing-suppressed conditions: a preclinical rodent-model experiment. J Periodontal Implant Sci 2023; 53:53.e47. [PMID: 37857517 DOI: 10.5051/jpis.2301800090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/26/2023] [Indexed: 10/21/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Placing dental implants in areas with low bone density or in conditions where bone healing is suppressed is challenging for clinicians. An experiment using a rodent model was performed with the aim of determining the efficacy of host modulation by increasing the systemic level of cholesterol sulfate (CS) using Irosustat in the context of the bone healing process around dental implants. METHODS In 16 ovariectomised female Sprague-Dawley rats, 2 implant fixtures were placed in the tibial bones (1 fixture on each side). At 1 week after surgery, the high-CS group (n=8) received Irosustat-mixed feed, while the control group (n=8) was fed conventionally. Block specimens were obtained at 5 weeks post-surgery for histologic analysis and the data were evaluated statistically (P<0.05). RESULTS Unlike the high-CS group, half of the specimens in the control group demonstrated severe bone resorption along with a periosteal reaction in the cortex. The mean percentages of bone-to-implant contact (21.5%) and bone density (28.1%) near the implant surface were significantly higher in the high-CS group than in the control group (P<0.05), as was the number of Haversian canals (by 5.3). CONCLUSIONS Host modulation by increasing the CS level may enhance the osseointegration of dental implants placed under conditions of impaired bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Young Woo Song
- Department of Periodontology, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin-Young Park
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea
| | - Wooyoung Eric Jang
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sung-Jin Kim
- Department of Oral Histology and Developmental Biology, School of Dentistry and Dental Research Institute, Seoul National University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jeong Taeg Seo
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seok Jun Moon
- Department of Oral Biology, BK21 PLUS Project, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ui-Won Jung
- Department of Periodontology, Research Institute for Periodontal Regeneration, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Korea
- Innovation Research and Support Center for Dental Science, Yonsei University Dental Hospital, Seoul, Korea.
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Grondin J, Wang H, Haq S, Kwon YH, MacNeil L, Surette M, Khan W. A33 EFFECTS OF THE NEXT GENERATION PROBIOTIC, AKKERMANSIA MUCINIPHILA, ON INTESTINAL INFLAMMATION AND BARRIER FUNCTION. J Can Assoc Gastroenterol 2023. [PMCID: PMC9991313 DOI: 10.1093/jcag/gwac036.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), characterised by chronic intestinal inflammation, is hypothesised to arise from the interplay between susceptibility genes, the immune system, environmental factors, and gut microbiota. Akkermansia muciniphila is a symbiotic bacterium that accounts for 1-5% of the human fecal microbiota. This microbe has been hailed as a next-generation probiotic, principally with regard to its plethora of beneficial host interactions, including the ability to influence mucin secretion and strengthen the intestinal barrier. Purpose Though a clear-cut role and mechanism by which A. muciniphila influences inflammatory conditions is unknown, evidence indicates this microbe is depleted in IBD, suggesting it may have protective effects that are lost in these conditions. Here, we investigate the role and mechanism of A. muciniphila in intestinal inflammation and its influence on intestinal barrier function by utilizing barrier-disrupting models of colitis. Method Across several experimental models of intestinal inflammation including the chemically-induced dextran sulphate sodium (DSS) model, the parasitic-based model of Trichuris muris infection, and the spontaneous Muc2-/- model, A.muciniphila was administered by oral gavage. Disease activity index, macroscopic scoring and histological scoring were all performed to assess the severity of intestinal inflammation. Various pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines were assessed within colonic tissue using commercially available ELISA kits.To investigate the effects that A. muciniphila has on barrier function in the context of colitis, reverse transcriptase qPCR was used to explore several factors, including several TJPs, AMPs, and mucins. To analyse the composition of the microbiota and changes in diversity with A. muciniphila supplementation, 16S rRNA sequencing of fecal samples was performed. Result(s) Though only minor benefits were derived from this microbe in germ-free mice, in specific pathogen-free (SPF) mice, administration of pasteurized A. muciniphila in a DSS recovery model ameliorated inflammation severity and promoted recovery compared to controls. When gavaged prior to DSS administration, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila failed to diminish inflammatory markers indicating minimal preventative effects. T. muris-infected SPF mice treated with live A. muciniphila showed increased levels of Th2 and anti-inflammatory cytokines, decreased worm burden, and enhanced levels of the mucin, Muc5ac, compared with those receiving control broth or pasteurized bacteria. Further, both live and pasteurized A. muciniphila ameliorated the severity of inflammation in a mucin 2 deficient (Muc2-/-) mouse model of spontaneous colitis, indicating that these protective effects are Muc2-independent. Conclusion(s) These observations provide us not only with an enhanced understanding of the role A. muciniphila plays in the pathogenesis of intestinal inflammatory conditions but also may fuel novel avenues of treatment for those with IBD. Please acknowledge all funding agencies by checking the applicable boxes below CIHR Disclosure of Interest None Declared
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Affiliation(s)
- J Grondin
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - H Wang
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - S Haq
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - Y H Kwon
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada,Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, United States
| | - L MacNeil
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Biochemistry and Biomedical Sciences,Michael G. DeGroote Institute for Infectious Disease Research
| | - M Surette
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
| | - W Khan
- Farncombe Family Digestive Health Research Institute,Department of Pathology and Molecular Medicine, McMaster University, Hamilton, Canada
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Kim J, Kwon YH, Kim CS, Tu TH, Kim BS, Joe Y, Chung HT, Goto T, Kawada T, Park T, Choi MS, Kim MS, Yu R. The involvement of 4-1BB/4-1BBL signaling in glial cell-mediated hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. FEBS Open Bio 2018; 8:843-853. [PMID: 29744298 PMCID: PMC5929936 DOI: 10.1002/2211-5463.12426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2018] [Revised: 03/09/2018] [Accepted: 03/29/2018] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity‐induced inflammation occurs not only in peripheral tissues but also in areas of the central nervous system. Glial cells such as astrocytes and microglia play crucial roles in obesity‐related hypothalamic inflammation, leading to the derangement of energy metabolism and neurodegenerative pathologies. Here, we show that the interaction of 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL between lipid‐laden astrocytes/microglia promotes hypothalamic inflammation in obesity. Stimulation of 4‐1BB, a member of the TNF receptor superfamily, and/or its ligand 4‐1BBL on astrocytes and/or microglia with a specific agonist resulted in activation of the inflammatory signaling pathway and enhanced production of inflammatory mediators. Contact coculture of lipid‐laden astrocytes and microglia increased the production of inflammatory mediators, and blockade of the 4‐1BB/4‐1BBL interaction reduced the inflammatory response. Moreover, deficiency of 4‐1BB reduced hypothalamic inflammation in obese mice fed an high‐fat diet. These findings suggest that 4‐1BBL/4‐1BB signaling enhances the glial cell‐mediated inflammatory cross talk and participates in obesity‐induced hypothalamic inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Thai H Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Byung-Sam Kim
- Department of Biological Science University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Yeonsoo Joe
- Department of Biological Science University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Hun T Chung
- Department of Biological Science University of Ulsan South Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Uji Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture Kyoto University Uji Japan
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition Yonsei University Seoul South Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research Kyungpook National University Daegu South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism University of Ulsan College of Medicine Seoul South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition University of Ulsan South Korea
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7
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Ilanchezhiyan P, Mohan Kumar G, Xiao F, Poongothai S, Madhan Kumar A, Siva C, Yuldashev SU, Lee DJ, Kwon YH, Kang TW. Ultrasonic-assisted synthesis of ZnTe nanostructures and their structural, electrochemical and photoelectrical properties. Ultrason Sonochem 2017; 39:414-419. [PMID: 28732963 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2017.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2017] [Revised: 05/05/2017] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Colloidal zinc telluride (ZnTe) nanostructures were successfully processed through a simple and facile ultrasonic (sonochemical) treatment for photoelectronic applications. The particle-like morphological features, phase and nature of valence state of various metal ions existing in ZnTe were examined using electron and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopic tools. Raman spectroscopic measurements revealed the dominance of exciton-phonon coupling and occurrence of TeO2 traces in ZnTe through the corresponding vibrations. Optical bandgap of the ZnTe suspension was estimated to be around 2.15eV, authenticating the direct allowed transitions. The p-type electrical conductivity and charge carrier density of ZnTe were additionally estimated from the Bode, Nyquist and Mott-Schottky type impedance plots. The photoelectrical properties of ZnTe were investigated by fabricating p-ZnTe/n-Si heterostructures and studying their corresponding current-voltage characteristics under dark and white light illumination. The diodes revealed excellent rectifying behaviour with significant increase in reverse current under illumination. The stability of the devices were also affirmed through the time-dependent photoresponse characteristics, which actually suggested the improved and effective separation of photo generated electron hole pairs across the integrated heterojunctions. The obtained results also augment the potential of sonochemically processed ZnTe for application in photo detection and sensor related functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Ilanchezhiyan
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - G Mohan Kumar
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
| | - Fu Xiao
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - S Poongothai
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - A Madhan Kumar
- Center of Research Excellence in Corrosion, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals, Saudi Arabia
| | - C Siva
- Department of Physics and Nanotechnology, SRM University, Kattankulathur, India
| | - Sh U Yuldashev
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - D J Lee
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Y H Kwon
- Quantum-Functional Semiconductor Research Center, Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - T W Kang
- Nano-Information Technology Academy (NITA), Dongguk University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YH, Kim J, Kim CS, Tu TH, Kim MS, Suk K, Kim DH, Lee BJ, Choi HS, Park T, Choi MS, Goto T, Kawada T, Ha TY, Yu R. Hypothalamic lipid-laden astrocytes induce microglia migration and activation. FEBS Lett 2017; 591:1742-1751. [PMID: 28542876 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.12691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2017] [Revised: 04/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation is closely associated with various metabolic complications and neurodegenerative disorders. Astrocytes, the most abundant glial cells in the central nervous system, play a crucial role in pathological hypothalamic inflammatory processes. Here, we demonstrate that hypothalamic astrocytes accumulate lipid droplets under saturated fatty acid-rich conditions, such as obese environment, and that the lipid-laden astrocytes increase astrogliosis markers and inflammatory cytokines (TNFα, IL-1β, IL-6, MCP-1) at the transcript and/or protein level. Medium conditioned by the lipid-laden astrocytes stimulate microglial chemotactic activity and upregulate transcripts of the microglia activation marker Iba-1 and inflammatory cytokines. These findings indicate that the lipid-laden astrocytes formed in free fatty acid-rich obese condition may participate in obesity-induced hypothalamic inflammation through promoting microglia migration and activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Jiye Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Chu-Sook Kim
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Thai Hien Tu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Min-Seon Kim
- Appetite Regulation Laboratory, Asan Institute for Life Science, Seoul, South Korea.,Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Ulsan College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Department of Pharmacology, Kyungpook National University School of Medicine, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Dong Hee Kim
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Byung Ju Lee
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Hye-Seon Choi
- Department of Biological Science, University of Ulsan, South Korea
| | - Taesun Park
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Yonsei University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Myung-Sook Choi
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, Center for Food and Nutritional Genomics Research, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea
| | - Tsuyoshi Goto
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Teruo Kawada
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Uji, Japan
| | - Tae Youl Ha
- Research Group of Nutrition and Metabolic System, Korea Food Research Institute, Seongnam, South Korea
| | - Rina Yu
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Ulsan, South Korea
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Abstract
This study investigated the relationships among sex, sex-role, perceived facial attractiveness, social self-esteem, and interest in clothing. Women, compared to men, indicated greater interest in clothing, while there were no significant sex differences on scores of perceived facial attractiveness or social self-esteem. Androgynous women scored higher than the feminine and undifferentiated women on their perceived facial attractiveness, social self-esteem, and interest in clothing. This finding supported the presupposition that androgynous women perceive themselves as having higher scores on social effectiveness and interest in clothing. Scores on perceived facial attractiveness were significantly related to women's and men's scores on social self-esteem and interest in clothing, implying that one's interest in clothing might be interpreted as a form of social skill which is associated with one's social self-esteem and one's facial attractiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kwon
- School of Family, Consumer, Nutrition Sciences Northern Illinois University
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10
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Abstract
The objectives were (1) to investigate brand name awareness and image perceptions of nationally known women's brand name apparel and (2) to identify these characteristics of female consumers which influence brand preferences. The statistical analysis of data collected from 130 female students and 75 working women indicated brand name awareness was influenced by subjects' occupational status and clothing expenditure. Calvin Klein and Ralph Lauren showed more distinctive image characteristics than 12 other national apparel brands. Brand preference was affected by brand attributes, clothing interest, clothing expenditure, and age. A few marketing implications were suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Department of Human and Family Resources, Northern Illinois University
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Abstract
The objectives of the study were to (a) identify the dimensions of occupational attributes associated with three levels of formality of business attire worn by male and female workers, (b) examine the differences of the perceived occupational attributes associated with formality of business attire, and (c) assess differences between business and nonbusiness students' perceived occupational attributes of the aforementioned business attire. Statistical analyses of data from 230 women and 88 men showed that there were two dimensions of occupational attributes related to business attire, sociable and powerful appearance. Scores on perceived occupational attributes for formal attire of both men and women were consistently higher than those of semiformal or informal attire. Scores on the perceived occupational attributes of business students were consistently lower than those of nonbusiness students, implying business students' higher expectation of formality of appearance in a business setting. The over-all results indicate that formal business attire gave more positive ratings for all the occupational attributes.
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Abstract
To investigate the relative influence developmental and environmental factors have on young children's socialization as consumers 45 verbal preschool children (2 to 5 years) were administered a verbal questionnaire to assess their recognition of 8 consumer symbols. The children's mothers completed a questionnaire concerning their perceptions of their children's identity and the roles media, peers, and siblings play in children's preferences for clothing symbols. Correlations and multiple regression confirmed the presuppositions that joint influences of developmental and environmental factors in socialization of consumers begin at an early age.
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Abstract
The objectives of the study were to (a) investigate college students' perceived importance of occupational attributes related to the work of salespersons, clerks, and waiters/waitresses, jobs which students themselves often hold, and (b) explore the perceived role of appropriate dress in enhancement of the perception of occupational attributes associated with these occupations. Statistical analyses of the data from 134 men and 202 women supported the notion that the importance students placed on perceived occupational attributes increased as perceived job status increased; expectations for salesperson were higher than those for clerk or waiter/waitress. The results also support the notion that appropriate dress often enhances perception of occupational attributes and especially reflects the workers' perceived professionalism, intelligence, and competence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon-Hee Kwon
- Human and Family Resources, Northern Illinois University
| | - Alan Farber
- Counseling and Student Development, Northern Illinois University
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Kwon YH, Jeon SW. Commentary: independent risk factors for recurrent neoplasia after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer--authors' reply. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:994-5. [PMID: 24689346 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2014] [Accepted: 02/24/2014] [Indexed: 12/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
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Kwon YH, Heo J, Lee HS, Cho CM, Jeon SW. Failure of Helicobacter pylori eradication and age are independent risk factors for recurrent neoplasia after endoscopic resection of early gastric cancer in 283 patients. Aliment Pharmacol Ther 2014; 39:609-18. [PMID: 24461252 DOI: 10.1111/apt.12633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2013] [Revised: 12/19/2013] [Accepted: 01/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the incidence of metachronous gastric dysplasia and cancer could be decreased by eradication of Helicobacter pylori after endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) for early gastric cancer (EGC). AIM To compare the incidence of metachronous gastric lesion in the eradicated group and the persistent group. Second end point is to evaluate the risk factors for metachronous gastric lesions after ESD for EGC. METHODS In a single centre, between May 2007 and May 2010, the patients who had evidence of H. pylori infection at the time of ESD for EGC were included, and the follow-up data were analysed retrospectively. RESULTS We enrolled 283 patients who have shown H. pylori infection at the time of ESD for EGC. Successful eradication was achieved for 214 patients (75.6%) (Eradicated group), and 69 patients (24.4%) showed persistent H. pylori infection (Persistent group). Metachronous gastric lesions developed in 13 (18.8%) in the persistent group and 18 (8.4%) in the eradicated group (P = 0.016). In the ≥60-year-old group, the cumulative incidence of metachronous gastric cancer showed a significant increase (P = 0.012). Cumulative hazard ratio of subsequent gastric metachronous lesions differed between the eradication group and the persistent infection group (OR = 2.322, 95% CI = 1.136-4.744, P = 0.021), and ≥60 age at the time of endoscopic resection (OR = 2.803, 95% CI = 1.207-6.509, P = 0.016). CONCLUSIONS Both persistent H. pylori infection and old age (≥60) are independent risk factors for the increased incidence of metachronous gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Medical Center, Daegu, South Korea
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Cho HK, Jang SH, Lee E, Kim SY, Kim S, Kwon YH, Son SM. Diffusion tensor imaging-demonstrated differences between hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy with symmetric periventricular leukomalacia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol 2012; 34:650-4. [PMID: 22976239 DOI: 10.3174/ajnr.a3272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Patients with cerebral palsy have variable clinical presentations such as hemiplegic, diplegic, or quadriplegic patterns though they have PVL on conventional MR images. The authors investigated whether DTT can differentiate between hemiplegic and diplegic CP in patients presenting with symmetric PVL on conventional MR images. MATERIALS AND METHODS One hundred thirteen consecutive pediatric patients with definite hemiplegic (59 patients; 30 boys, 29 girls; mean age, 34.19 months; range, 24-52 months) or diplegic (54 patients; 27 boys, 27 girls; mean age, 31.07 months; range, 24-48 months) symptoms and bilateral symmetric PVL on conventional brain MR imaging were recruited. The states of CSTs were examined by using DTT, and the asymmetries of right and left CSTs in the hemiplegic and diplegic groups were compared by using asymmetric anisotropy indexes and asymmetric mean diffusivity indexes. RESULTS All patients in the hemiplegic group with asymmetric results exhibited disrupted integrities of more affected CSTs and sparing of less affected CSTs. However, diplegic patients revealed symmetric disrupted findings of the right and left CSTs at the upper periventricular level. Asymmetric anisotropy index and asymmetric mean diffusivity index values were significantly higher in the hemiplegic group than in the diplegic group (P < .05), and these results of DTT significantly corresponded with their typical clinical manifestation. CONCLUSIONS DTT may be very useful for the detailed estimation of the CST state in patients with bilateral symmetric PVL.
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Affiliation(s)
- H K Cho
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, College of Science and Technology, College of Medicine, Yeungnam University, Taegu, Republic of Korea
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Kwon YH, Kim HI, Hur B, Park JK. Influence of a blue DPSS laser on specimen thickness of composite resins. Med Oral Patol Oral Cir Bucal 2012. [DOI: 10.4317/medoral.17643688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
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Kwon YH, Kim D, Li CG, Lee JK, Hong DS, Lee JG, Lee SH, Cho YH, Kim SH. Heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2011; 11:5769-5774. [PMID: 22121605 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2011.4399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, the heat transfer characteristics and pressure drop of the ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids in a plate heat exchanger were studied. The experimental conditions were 100-500 Reynolds number and the respective volumetric flow rates. The working temperature of the heat exchanger was within 20-40 degrees C. The measured thermophysical properties, such as thermal conductivity and kinematic viscosity, were applied to the calculation of the convective heat transfer coefficient of the plate heat exchanger employing the ZnO and Al2O3 nanofluids made through a two-step method. According to the Reynolds number, the overall heat transfer coefficient for 6 vol% Al2O3 increased to 30% because at the given viscosity and density of the nanofluids, they did not have the same flow rates. At a given volumetric flow rate, however, the performance did not improve. After the nanofluids were placed in the plate heat exchanger, the experimental results pertaining to nanofluid efficiency seemed inauspicious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- School of Mechanical Engineering, Pusan National University, 609-735, Republic of Korea
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19
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Abstract
Reduction of intraocular pressure (IOP) by pharmaceutical or surgical means has long been the standard treatment for glaucoma. A number of excellent drugs are available that are effective in reducing IOP. These drugs are typically applied as eye drops. However, patient adherence can be poor, thus reducing the clinical efficacy of the drugs. Several novel delivery systems designed to address the issue of adherence and to ensure consistent reduction of IOP are currently under development. These delivery systems include contact lenses-releasing glaucoma medications, injectables such as biodegradable micro- and nanoparticles, and surgically implanted systems. These new technologies are aimed at increasing clinical efficacy by offering multiple delivery options and are capable of managing IOP for several months. There is also a desire to have complementary neuroprotective approaches for those who continue to show progression, despite IOP reduction. Many potential neuroprotective agents are not suitable for traditional oral or drop formulations. Their potential is dependent on developing suitable delivery systems that can provide the drugs in a sustained, local manner to the retina and optic nerve. Drug delivery systems have the potential to improve patient adherence, reduce side effects, increase efficacy, and ultimately, preserve sight for glaucoma patients. In this review, we discuss benefits and limitations of the current systems of delivery and application, as well as those on the horizon.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Lavik
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Case Western Reserve University, 10900 Euclid Ave., Cleveland, OH 44106, USA.
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20
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Epstein L, Kwon YH, Almond DE, Schached LM, Jones MJ. Genetic and Biochemical Characterization of Nectria haematococca Strains with Adhesive and Adhesion-Reduced Macroconidia. Appl Environ Microbiol 2010; 60:524-30. [PMID: 16349181 PMCID: PMC201343 DOI: 10.1128/aem.60.2.524-530.1994] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
A previous study reported the isolation of two mutants (LE1 and LE2) of the plant pathogenic fungus Nectria haematococca (anamorph, Fusarium solani f. sp. cucurbitae) with macroconidia with reduced ability to adhere (Att) to zucchini fruits and polystyrene. The adhesion-reduced-phenotype in LE1 and LE2 macroconidia is temperature sensitive and dependent on the concentration of nutrients. Classical genetic analysis of progeny derived from LE1 identified a mutation in a genetic locus, named Att1. The 90-kDa glycoprotein and macroconidial tip mucilage which were previously associated with the development of adhesion competence in Att macroconidia are specifically associated with macroconidia; neither is produced on microconidia, which are relatively nonadherent. However, macroconidia of both Att and Att strains produce the 90-kDa glycoprotein and the macroconidial tip mucilage.
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Affiliation(s)
- L Epstein
- Division of Entomology, Plant and Soil Microbiology, Department of Environmental Science, Policy and Management, University of California, Berkeley, California 94720
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Lee KH, Lee JY, Kwon YH, Ryu SY, Kang TW, Yoo CH, Kim TW. Orientational relationships and atomic arrangements of GaN nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2010; 10:3435-3439. [PMID: 20358973 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2010.2327] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) images and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) images showed that the one-dimensional GaN nanorods were formed on Al2O3 (0001) substrates by using hydride vapor phase epitaxy without a catalyst. Selected area electron diffraction (SAED) pattern and high-resolution TEM (HRTEM) results showed that GaN nanorods grown on Al2O3 (0001) substrates had crystalline wurzite structures and (0001) preferential orientation. The morphologies of GaN nanorods were affected by the flow rates of the source materials. The orientational relationships between the GaN nanorods and the Al2O3 substrates were (0001)GaN perpendicular (0001) Al2O3 and [0110]GaN perpendicular [1120] Al2O3. Cross-sectional and plan-view atomic arrangements of the fully relaxed interfacial region are described on the basis of the TEM, the SAED pattern, and the HRTEM results.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, KAIST, Daejeon 305-701, Korea
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Jang SH, Ahn SH, Byun WM, Kim C, Kwon YH. Enhanced Neural Activation after Transcranial Direct Current Stimulation on Primary Sensoriomotor Cortex in the Human Brain: An fMRI study. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71209-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022] Open
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Abstract
AbstractWe used an in vitro preparation of the ferret lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN) to examine the role of the NMDA class of excitatory amino acid (EAA) receptors in retinogeniculate transmission. Intracellular recordings revealed that blockade of NMDA receptors both shortened the time course and reduced the amplitude of fast and slow components of excitatory postsynaptic potentials (EPSPs) evoked by optic tract stimulation. The amplitude and width of the EPSPs mediated by NMDA receptors increased as membrane potential was depolarized towards spike threshold. Individual LGN cells were influenced to varying extents by blockade of NMDA receptors; NMDA and non-NMDA receptor blockade together attenuated severely the entire retinogeniculate EPSP. The dependence of all components of retinogeniculate EPSPs (and action potentials) on NMDA receptor activation supports the hypothesis that the NMDA receptor participates in fast (<10 ms) synaptic events underlying conventional retinogeniculate transmission. The voltage dependence of the NMDA receptor-gated conductance suggests strongly that the transmission of retinal information through the LGN is subject to modulation by extraretinal inputs that affect the membrane potential of LGN neurons.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Esguerra
- Department of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge 02139
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Abstract
This study provides a model of the complex deltoid origin and end tendons, as a basis for further anatomical, biomechanical and clinical research. Although the deltoid is used in transpositions with upper limb paralysis, its detailed morphology and segmentation has not been object of much study. Morphologically, the deltoid faces two distinct challenges. It closely envelops a ball joint, and it reduces its width over a short distance from a very wide origin along clavicle, acromion and spina scapula, to an insertion as narrow as the humerus. These challenges necessitate specific morphological tendon adaptations. A qualitative model for these tendons is developed by the stepwise transformation of a unipennate muscle model into a functional deltoid muscle. Each step is the solution to one of the mentioned morphological challenges. The final model is of an end tendon consisting of a continuous succession of bipennate end tendon blades centrally interspaced by unipennate tendon parts. The origin tendon consists of lamellae that interdigitate with the end tendon blades, creating a natural segmentation. The model is illustrated by qualitative dissection results. In addition, in view of a proliferation of terms found in the literature to describe deltoid tendons, tendon concepts are reviewed and the systematic use of the unique and simple terminology of 'origin and end tendons' is proposed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J N A L Leijnse
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Speed School of Engineering, University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky 40292, USA.
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Yoo WK, Kim DS, Kwon YH, Jang SH. Kernohan's notch phenomenon demonstrated by diffusion tensor imaging and transcranial magnetic stimulation. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2008; 79:1295-7. [PMID: 18940992 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2007.138131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Kernohan's notch phenomenon is the ipsilateral hemiplegia caused by compression of the contralateral cerebral peduncle against the tentorial edge by a supratentorial mass. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) could be useful for exploring the state of the corticospinal tract (CST). This report attempts to demonstrate Kernohan's notch phenomenon in a patient with subdural haematoma by using DTI and TMS. One patient and six normal control subjects were recruited. The patient showed severe right hemiplegia even though the subdural haematoma was located in the right hemisphere. Brain CT at the time of onset showed right transtentorial herniation, and T2 weighted images at 6 weeks after onset showed a leucomalacic lesion on the left cerebral peduncle. DTI and TMS were performed at 6 weeks after onset. The fractional anisotrophy value of the left midbrain and medulla of the patient was found to be decreased in comparison with that of the control subjects. On fibre tractography for the CST, an interruption was observed in the left midbrain and medulla. The motor evoked potential obtained from the right hand muscle showed delayed latency, low amplitude and a higher excitatory threshold, thus indicating that the CST of the left hemisphere had been damaged. It seems that the CST had been damaged at the left midbrain, although subdural haematoma and transtentorial herniation had occurred in the right hemisphere in this patient. This report demonstrates Kernohan's notch phenomenon in this patient using DTI and TMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- W-K Yoo
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation Medicine, Hallym University Sacred Heart Hospital, Anyang, Republic of Korea
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Park CA, Hyun SH, Lee JH, Seol HJ, Kim HI, Kwon YH. Evaluation of polymerization in fluoride-containing composite resins. J Mater Sci Mater Med 2007; 18:1549-56. [PMID: 17437069 DOI: 10.1007/s10856-007-3023-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2005] [Accepted: 05/05/2006] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Fluoride-containing restorative materials are frequently utilized to delay or inhibit caries. The quality of the fluoride-containing composite resins was evaluated by testing their microhardness, polymerization shrinkage, thermal expansion coefficient, and surface morphology. Some of them were evaluated in conjunction with the thermocycling process. The microhardness values of the thermocycled specimens were similar to those of the specimens immersed only in distilled water. Among the specimens, Surefil showed the highest (68.6 +/- 1.2 Hv) value. A linear correlation was found between microhardness and the filler content (vol%) of the specimens regardless of their states. Polymerization shrinkage rapidly increased during the light curing, and then it reached a plateau. The shrinkage values increased as the specimens became thicker. In a temperature range of 30 approximately 80 degrees C, the coefficients of thermal expansion of the control specimens ranged between 43 x 10(-6)/ degrees C and 77 x 10(-6)/ degrees C. An inverse correlations were observed between the filler content (vol%) and the coefficient of thermal expansion and between microhardness and the coefficient of thermal expansion of the control specimens. Tetric Ceram showed a perforated or "Swiss-cheese" morphology after thermocycling. It was unique and occurred only in this product.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Park
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry and Medical Research Institute, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
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Won Y, Hong SH, Yu HY, Kwon YH, Yun SJ, Lee SC, Lee JB. Photodetection of basal cell carcinoma using methyl 5-aminolaevulinate-induced protoporphyrin IX based on fluorescence image analysis. Clin Exp Dermatol 2007; 32:423-9. [PMID: 17459066 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2230.2007.02435.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The preferential accumulation of 5-aminolaevulinic acid (ALA)-induced protoporphyrin IX (PpIX) in neoplastic cells supports its potential use in the photodetection of porphyrin fluorescence in tumour cells. Hence, epithelial tumours, including basal cell carcinoma (BCC), might be visualized using the fluorescence of selectively accumulated ALA-induced PpIX. AIM In this study, we evaluated the clinical efficacy of PpIX fluorescence images using fluorescence image analysis (FIA) to define the lateral border between the tumour and tumour-free areas of facial BCC. METHODS FIA was used to define the lateral border between the tumour and tumour-free areas on red fluorescence images induced by the topical application of methyl 5-aminolaevulinate (MAL) ointment. According to the FIA results, 50 tissue samples, obtained from 10 patients with BCC, were divided into three categories: tumour area (n = 10), suspected tumour area (n = 20) and suspected tumour-free area (n = 20). These tissue samples were evaluated by histopathological examination. The FIA tool marked out the PpIX fluorescence image for defining the lateral border between the BCC tumour and tumour-free areas. RESULTS The rate of tumour detection from BCC lesions using PpIX fluorescence with the FIA tool showed a sensitivity of 94.1% and specificity of 82.6%. CONCLUSION These results suggest that MAL-induced PpIX fluorescence imaging using FIA is quite sensitive and specific for detecting tumour and occult tumour in facial BCC lesions. This method of presurgical in vivo imaging is therefore proposed as a useful tool for defining the lateral border between BCC tumour and tumour-free areas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Won
- Department of Dermatology, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Korea
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Abstract
This study investigated the effect of a 30% hydrogen peroxide bleaching agent on bovine enamel in terms of mineral loss. Contents of mineral elements both in the teeth and bleaching agent were evaluated to estimate the effect of hydrogen peroxide on teeth. Finely polished non-carious bovine incisors (n = 5) were immersed in a 30% hydrogen peroxide solution for 120 h. The amounts of concentrated elements in the bleaching agent (5 mL) were measured using inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectrometer and ion chromatograph. The contents of mineral elements in the teeth were measured using an electron probe microanalyzer. The Ca/P ratio in the bleaching agent was approximately 1.99. The amount of Zn in the bleaching agent was below the detection limit. The total content of mineral elements of the unbleached enamel (90.75 +/- 1.58) was slightly greater than that of the bleached enamel (87.44 +/- 0.77). The Ca/P ratio of the bleached enamel was 2.06. The amount of Ca loss from the bleached enamels after 120 h was similar to the amount of Ca loss from teeth exposed to a soft drink or juice for a few minutes. Therefore, mineral loss caused by the bleaching process may not be a threatening factor to teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- K H Lee
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan, Korea
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Abstract
PURPOSE The development of mouse models of glaucoma requires methods to accurately measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) in this species. The aim of this study was to compare the accuracy of IOP measurements in mice between modified Goldmann and rebound tonometers. METHODS IOP was measured either with a modified Goldmann or a rebound tonometer while simultaneously measuring the IOP using invasive manometry in enucleated eyes and in vivo. The level of IOP was controlled hydrostatically. The agreement and correlation between the IOP determined by invasive manometry and by either noninvasive method was evaluated. In addition, the IOP was determined by both noninvasive methods in a cohort of mice with laser-induced ocular hypertension (OHT), and the agreement and correlation between the two tonometry methods were evaluated. RESULTS Measured IOP by either noninvasive tonometer correlated well with those recorded simultaneously by invasive manometry (r=0.98 for rebound and r=0.94 for Goldmann). In mice with OHT, the IOP correlation between rebound and modified Goldmann was moderate (r=0.71); the IOP measured by modified Goldmann tonometry was consistently higher than that by rebound by approximately 5 mmHg. However, the relative per cent increases in IOP were similar between the two methods. CONCLUSION Both noninvasive methods of IOP measurements in mice are suitable to detect changes in IOP although rebound tonometry correlated better with the invasive manometry readings. The results suggest that the relative, rather than absolute, IOP offers a more reliable means of correlating findings from studies using different tonometers.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Y Kim
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, The University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
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Abstract
The authors investigated bihemispheric motor network reorganization supporting locomotor recovery after stroke over time. They determined longitudinal changes in locomotor function and fMRI in 10 stroke patients at the subacute stage and the chronic stage. The results suggest that the bihemispheric reorganization mechanism underlying locomotor recovery evolved from the ipsilateral (contralesional) primary sensorimotor cortex (SM1) activation at the subacute stage to the contralateral (ipsilesional) SM1 activation at the chronic stage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kim
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Samsung Medical Center, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Sakaguchi DS, Van Hoffelen SJ, Grozdanic SD, Kwon YH, Kardon RH, Young MJ. Neural Progenitor Cell Transplants into the Developing and Mature Central Nervous System. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2006; 1049:118-34. [PMID: 15965112 DOI: 10.1196/annals.1334.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
When developing cell transplant strategies to repair the diseased or injured central nervous system (CNS), it is essential to consider host-graft interactions and how they may influence the outcome of the transplants. Recent studies have demonstrated that transplanted neural progenitor cells (NPCs) can differentiate and integrate morphologically into developing mammalian retinas. Is the ability to differentiate and to undergo structural integration into the CNS unique to specific progenitor cells, or is this plasticity a function of host environment, or both? To address these issues we have used the developing retina of the Brazilian opossum and have compared the structural integration of brain and retinal progenitor cells transplanted into the eyes at different developmental stages. The Brazilian opossum, Monodelphis domestica, is a small pouchless marsupial native to South America. This animal's lack of a pouch and fetal-like nature at birth circumvents the need for in utero surgical procedures, and thus provides an ideal environment in which to study the interactions between developing host tissues and transplanted NPCs. To test whether NPCs affect visual function we transplanted adult hippocampal progenitor cells (AHPCs) into normal, healthy adult rat eyes and performed noninvasive functional recordings. Monitoring of the retina and optic nerve over time by electroretinography and pupillometry revealed no severe perturbation in visual function in the transplant recipient eyes. Taken together, our findings suggest that the age of the host environment can strongly influence NPC differentiation and that transplantation of neural progenitor cells may be a useful strategy aimed at treating neurodegeneration and pathology of the CNS.
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Affiliation(s)
- D S Sakaguchi
- Department of Genetics, Development and Cell Biology, 503 Science II, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA.
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Kwon YH, Rickman DW, Baruah S, Zimmerman MB, Kim CS, Boldt HC, Russell SR, Hayreh SS. Vitreous and retinal amino acid concentrations in experimental central retinal artery occlusion in the primate. Eye (Lond) 2004; 19:455-63. [PMID: 15184939 DOI: 10.1038/sj.eye.6701546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Vitreous and retinal amino-acid concentrations were evaluated in a primate model of central retinal artery occlusion (CRAO) to study the role of glutamate excitotoxicity in acute retinal ischaemia. METHODS Unilateral, acute CRAO was produced by temporary clamping of the central retinal artery for 190 min in four elderly rhesus monkeys. Fundus photography, fluorescein angiography, and electroretinogram were performed before and during CRAO, and after unclamping the artery. Vitreous samples were obtained before and after CRAO in both eyes, and analysed for 13 amino-acid concentrations using high-pressure liquid chromatography. The animals were killed 350 min after retinal reperfusion, and the retinal tissue was submitted for amino-acid analysis. RESULTS In all four eyes, the macula showed the 'cherry red spot'. The CRAO was confirmed by fluorescein angiography and decreased b-wave on electroretinogram. Retinal histology confirmed ischaemic changes in the inner retina. Changes in all 13 vitreous amino-acid concentrations after CRAO (including glutamate) were not significantly different between study and control eyes (P = 0.09 to 0.82). All retinal amino-acid concentrations (including glutamate) were not significantly different between two eyes (P = 0.07-0.93). CONCLUSIONS In the primate model of acute inner retinal ischaemia induced by transient CRAO, we were unable to detect significantly elevated concentrations of vitreous and retinal glutamate. Our primate model has the advantage of closely modelling the CRAO in humans. Further basic and clinical studies are needed to elucidate the role of glutamate excitotoxicity in retinal ischaemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Hospitals and Clinics, 200 Hawkins Dr., Iowa City, IW 52242, USA.
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Abstract
The interaction between bleaching agents and recently introduced compomers has several issues that need to be explored, including morphology and mechanical properties. To investigate the effect of 30% hydrogen peroxide, a bleaching agent, on the color of compomers, three compomers (Compoglass F, Elan, and F2000) were polymerized, bleached up to 120 h, and then measured to determine the reflectance of the specimen during the bleaching process. Color differences were evaluated from the reflectance and color values that were represented by CIE L*a*b* values. Compomers stored in distilled water were used as a source of reference. Teeth were also used for comparison. Color differences for both the tested teeth and compomers and different periods of bleaching and soaking in distilled water showed statistically significant difference (p < 0.0001). Among the tested compomers, Compoglass F demonstrated the highest color difference. In addition, the color differences were maximal during the first 24 h. After 24 h, the color difference increased nearly linearly. Compomers stored in both a bleaching agent and distilled water did not exhibit much color difference between them. However, the color difference between teeth and compomers was considerable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials and Institute for Biomaterials Research and Development, Kyungpook National University, Taegu 700-422, Korea
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Bella DL, Hirschberger LL, Kwon YH, Stipanuk MH. Cysteine metabolism in periportal and perivenous hepatocytes: perivenous cells have greater capacity for glutathione production and taurine synthesis but not for cysteine catabolism. Amino Acids 2003; 23:453-8. [PMID: 12436215 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-002-0213-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocyte preparations highly enriched in cells from either the periportal or the perivenous zone of the liver acinus were prepared using a digitonin/collagenase perfusion method. Five enzymes of cysteine metabolism were assayed in both periportal and perivenous preparations. The ratios of periportal to perivenous activity were 0.76, 0.60, 0.81, 1.62, and 1.01 for cysteine dioxygenase, cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase, gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase, cystathionase, and asparate (cysteinesulfinate) aminotransferase, respectively. Only cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity was significantly different between periportal and perivenous cells. In incubations with 2 mmol/L [(35)S]cysteine, total cysteine catabolism ([(35)S]taurine plus [(35)S]sulfate) between periportal and perivenous cells was not different, which is consistent with the observation of similar cysteine dioxygenase activity across the hepatic acinus. Consistent with the lower cysteinesulfinate decarboxylase activity in periportal cells, 16% of the total catabolism of [(35)S]cysteine in periportal cells resulted in taurine synthesis compared to 28% in perivenous cells. A lower rate of [(35)S]glutathione synthesis was observed in periportal cells compared to perivenous cells, but gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activity was not significantly different between perivenous and periportal cells. Cysteinesulfnate decarboxylase can be added to the list of enzymes whose activities are markedly enriched in perivenous cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bella
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853-6301, USA
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Lee JH, Kim HI, Kim KH, Kwon YH. Effect of bleaching agents on the fluoride release and microhardness of dental materials. J Biomed Mater Res 2003; 63:535-41. [PMID: 12209898 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.10311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
The use of bleaching agents has become a popular procedure for whitening teeth. Recently introduced polyacid-modified composite resins (compomers) have several favorable features, such as improved physical properties and fluoride release. Because these two materials have many possibilities to interact in the oral cavity during dental treatment, it is necessary to understand such interaction. To evaluate the effect of a bleaching agent on dental restoratives, three compomers were photopolymerized and then bleached for 1, 2, 3 and 5 days with the use of 30% hydrogen peroxide. Fluoride release, surface microhardness, and surface modifications were evaluated. It was found that the cumulative fluoride release was found to be linearly correlated to the tested periods of bleaching in all compomers. Among the tested compomers, F2000 showed the highest cumulative fluoride release. Bleached compomers became soft because of surface degradation, so the surface microhardness decreased. F2000 showed an apparent crack formation that was not observed in other compomers. The nearly linear correlation between the filler content and microhardness was found in the control samples. However, the same correlation was not observed after the compomers were stored in a bleaching agent or distilled water.
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Affiliation(s)
- J H Lee
- Department of Dental Materials, College of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Pusan 602-739, Korea
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Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a bleaching agent (30% hydrogen peroxide) on the surface of bovine enamel using a scanning electron microscope and a UV-VIS-NIR spectrophotometer. Five non-carious bovine incisors were bleached for 0, 1, 2 and 3 days using 30% hydrogen peroxide. The light reflectance spectrum was measured using a spectrophotometer with diffuse reflectance mode. Colour values and colour differences in the teeth were evaluated from the reflectance measurements with the CIE L*a*b* colour coordinate system. Surface alterations in the bleached and unbleached teeth were studied using a scanning electron microscope. The change of reflectance in the teeth was related to the change of colour. Most reflectance change occurred within a 1-day bleaching, and this result was confirmed by a CIE L*a*b* colour coordinate system. The colour differences in the bleached teeth were significant enough to be perceived by the observer's eye. The comparison of bleached to unbleached bovine enamel revealed that the bleached surface showed non-uniform slight morphological alterations, and it developed varying degrees of surface porosity. This study indicates that the bleached bovine teeth showed apparent colour differences as well as slight morphological alterations after bleaching.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Dental Biomaterials, College of Dentistry, Kyungpook National University, Taegu, Korea
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Abstract
Changes in hepatic cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) activity in response to diet play a dominant role in regulation of cysteine catabolism and taurine synthesis. We have conducted several studies of the molecular regulation of CDO activity in rat liver and rat hepatocytes. Compared to levels observed in liver of rats fed a basal 10% casein diet, up to 180-fold higher levels of CDO activity and protein were observed in liver of rats fed diets that contained additional protein, complete amino acid mixture, methionine, or cystine. Neither CDO activity nor CDO protein was induced by excess non-sulfur amino acids alone. Excess sulfur amino acids or protein did not significantly increase the concentration of hepatic CDO mRNA. Preliminary studies indicate that the polysome profile for association of CDO mRNA with polysomes is not altered by an increase in dietary protein level, suggesting that regulation may be posttranslational and possibly involve a decrease in the rate of CDO degradation. In primary cultures of rat hepatocytes, CDO mRNA, protein, and activity all virtually disappeared by 12 to 24 h of culture in standard medium whereas CDO protein, but not CDO mRNA, accumulated markedly between 12 and 24 h in hepatocytes cultured in medium with excess methionine or cyst(e)ine. These observations are also consistent with a limited role of transcriptional or translational regulation of CDO in response to diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- D L Bella
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate long-term visual field outcome in primary open-angle glaucoma. METHODS In this retrospective cohort study, 40 eyes of 40 patients with primary open-angle glaucoma with elevated intraocular pressure and a minimum of 8-year longitudinal series of visual fields were plotted with Goldmann perimeter. Eyes with any other ocular disease except cataract were excluded. Manual grid templates were used to quantify the visual fields. Linear regression was performed to estimate the rate of visual field decline. Pertinent clinical factors were evaluated for statistical association with the rate of decline. Long-term clinical outcome including visual acuity, rate of legal blindness, and rate of medical and surgical interventions was also measured. RESULTS In the 40 eyes studied, with a mean follow-up of 14 years, the visual field score decreased at the rate of -1.5% per year. Overall, 68% showed significant decrease, and the rate of decrease among these eyes was -2.1% per year. Five eyes became legally blind from glaucoma; the cumulative rate of blindness from glaucoma was 19% at 22 years. Higher intraocular pressure and greater number of antiglaucoma medications on initial presentation were associated with faster and slower deterioration of visual field (compared with the average), respectively. CONCLUSIONS With standard glaucoma therapy, the rate of visual field loss in primary open-angle glaucoma is slow. Lower intraocular pressure and more antiglaucoma medications are associated with slower visual field decline. Legal blindness from glaucoma is 19% over a follow-up of 22 years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City 52242, USA.
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Clark AF, Kawase K, English-Wright S, Lane D, Steely HT, Yamamoto T, Kitazawa Y, Kwon YH, Fingert JH, Swiderski RE, Mullins RF, Hageman GS, Alward WL, Sheffield VC, Stone EM. Expression of the glaucoma gene myocilin (MYOC) in the human optic nerve head. FASEB J 2001; 15:1251-3. [PMID: 11344104 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0663fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A F Clark
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research, Ltd., Fort Worth, Texas 76134, USA.
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Abstract
Rat hepatocytes cultured for 3 days in basal medium expressed low levels of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) and high levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS). When the medium was supplemented with 2 mmol/l methionine or cysteine, CDO activity and CDO protein increased by >10-fold and CDO mRNA increased by 1.5- or 3.2-fold. In contrast, GCS activity decreased to 51 or 29% of basal, GCS heavy subunit (GCS-HS) protein decreased to 89 or 58% of basal, and GCS mRNA decreased to 79 or 37% of basal for methionine or cysteine supplementation, respectively. Supplementation with cysteine consistently yielded responses of greater magnitude than did supplementation with an equimolar amount of methionine. Addition of propargylglycine to inhibit cystathionine gamma-lyase activity and, hence, cysteine formation from methionine prevented the effects of methionine, but not those of cysteine, on CDO and GCS expression. Addition of buthionine sulfoximine to inhibit GCS, and thus block glutathione synthesis from cysteine, did not alter the ability of methionine or cysteine to increase CDO. GSH concentration was not correlated with changes in either CDO or GCS-HS expression. The effectiveness of cysteine was equivalent to or greater than that of its precursors (S-adenosylmethionine, cystathionine, homocysteine) or metabolites (taurine, sulfate). Taken together, these results suggest that cysteine itself is an important cellular signal for upregulation of CDO and downregulation of GCS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York 14853, USA
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Ohta J, Kwon YH, Stipanuk MH. Cysteine dioxygenase and gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase activities in primary cultured hepatocytes respond to sulfur amino acid supplementation in a reciprocal manner. Amino Acids 2001; 19:705-28. [PMID: 11140370 DOI: 10.1007/s007260070017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Hepatocytes were cultured for 3 days as spheroids (aggregates) or as monolayers in basal medium and in sulfur amino acid-supplemented media. Cultured hepatocytes had low levels of cysteine dioxygenase (CDO) activity and normal levels of gamma-glutamylcysteine synthetase (GCS) and cysteine-sulfinate decarboxylase (CSDC) activities compared to freshly isolated cells. CDO activity increased and GCS activity decreased in a dose-response manner in cells cultured in either methionine- or cysteine-supplemented media. CSDC activity was not significantly affected by methionine supplementation. Changes in CDO and GCS were associated with changes in cysteine catabolism to taurine plus sulfate and in synthesis of glutathione, respectively. These responses are similar to those observed in liver of intact rats fed diets supplemented with sulfur amino acids. A near-maximal response of CDO or GCS activity was observed when the medium contained 1.O mmol/L of methionine plus cyst(e)ine. Changes in CDO and GCS activities did not appear to be mediated by changes in the intracellular glutathione concentration. Cultured hepatocytes offer a useful model for further studies of cysteine metabolism and its regulation in response to sulfur amino acid availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Ohta
- Department of Biochemistry, Okayama University Medical School, Japan
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Kwon YH, Taylor JM, Hong S, Honkanen RA, Zimmerman MB, Alward WL, Sutphin JE. Long-term results of eyes with penetrating keratoplasty and glaucoma drainage tube implant. Ophthalmology 2001; 108:272-8. [PMID: 11158798 DOI: 10.1016/s0161-6420(00)00496-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To present long-term results of eyes with penetrating keratoplasty (PK) and glaucoma tube implant. DESIGN Retrospective, noncomparative, interventional case series. PARTICIPANTS We retrospectively reviewed medical records of all patients who underwent both PK and glaucoma tube implant (Baerveldt or Ahmed) at the University of Iowa between July of 1988 and December of 1997 (55 eyes). METHODS Success of the tube implant or PK was evaluated using Kaplan-Meier survival analysis. Association of relevant clinical factors with glaucoma or corneal graft outcome was evaluated using log-rank test or Cox proportional hazard regression analysis. The factors evaluated were glaucoma and cornea diagnoses; prior, simultaneous, and subsequent surgeries; type of tube implant; relative timing of surgeries; and postsurgical complications. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Glaucoma outcome was assessed by postoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, and need for further glaucoma surgery. Corneal outcome was assessed by graft rejection, failure, and Snellen visual acuity. Surgical procedures before and during the study period, and their complications were evaluated. RESULTS The mean preoperative intraocular pressure was 29.8 mmHg with an average of 2.9 medications. At last postoperative follow-up, the mean IOP decreased to 14.3 mmHg with 0.7 medication. The tube implant successfully controlled glaucoma in 45 eyes (82%) at 3 years. More severe postsurgical complications were associated with greater glaucoma failure. Graft rejection occurred in 17 eyes, and 7 of these progressed to failure. Nonimmunologic graft failure occurred in an additional 17 eyes (31%). The remaining 31 eyes (56%) had a clear graft. The corneal grafts remained clear in 70% and 55% of eyes at 2 and 3 years, respectively. Corneal graft failure was associated with glaucoma and cornea diagnoses groups, type of tube implant, and relative timing of the two surgeries. Complications occurred in 23 eyes (42%), and 10 of these were serious. CONCLUSIONS A drainage tube implant can successfully control glaucoma in a majority (82%) of keratoplasty eyes at 3 years. However, the success of corneal grafts is low (55%) at 3 years. Postsurgical complications are not uncommon and are associated with poor glaucoma outcome. Other clinical factors are associated with poor graft outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, Iowa, USA
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Jacobson N, Andrews M, Shepard AR, Nishimura D, Searby C, Fingert JH, Hageman G, Mullins R, Davidson BL, Kwon YH, Alward WL, Stone EM, Clark AF, Sheffield VC. Non-secretion of mutant proteins of the glaucoma gene myocilin in cultured trabecular meshwork cells and in aqueous humor. Hum Mol Genet 2001; 10:117-25. [PMID: 11152659 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/10.2.117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 182] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Until recently, very little was known about the molecular mechanisms responsible for the development of glaucoma, a leading cause of blindness worldwide. Mutations in the glaucoma gene myocilin (MYOC, GLC1A) are associated with elevated intraocular pressure and the development of autosomal dominant juvenile glaucoma and a subset of adult-onset glaucoma. MYOC is expressed in the trabecular meshwork (TM), a tissue responsible for drainage of aqueous humor from the eye, and the tissue involved in elevated intraocular pressure associated with glaucoma. To better understand the role of MYOC in glaucoma pathogenesis, we examined the expression of normal and mutant myocilin in cultured ocular (TM) and non-ocular cells as well as in the aqueous humor of patients with and without MYOC glaucoma. Normal myocilin was secreted from cultured cells, but very little to no myocilin was secreted from cells expressing five different mutant forms of MYOC. In addition, no mutant myocilin was detected in the aqueous humor of patients harboring a nonsense MYOC mutation (Q368X). Co-transfection of cultured cells with normal and mutant myocilin led to suppression of normal myocilin secretion. These studies suggest that MYOC glaucoma is due either to insufficient levels of secreted myocilin or to compromised TM cell function caused by congestion of the TM secretory pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Jacobson
- Glaucoma Research, Alcon Research Ltd, 6201 South Freeway, Fort Worth, TX 76134, USA
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Kwon YH, Hong S, Honkanen RA, Alward WL. Correlation of automated visual field parameters and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness as measured by scanning laser polarimetry. J Glaucoma 2000; 9:281-8. [PMID: 10958600 DOI: 10.1097/00061198-200008000-00001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To correlate Humphrey visual field mean sensitivity and peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness as measured by scanning laser polarimetry. METHODS The authors studied 54 eyes of 34 patients who visited a university-based glaucoma clinic and had undergone scanning laser polarimetry and Humphrey perimetry within 6 months. The study population included normal patients and those with glaucoma, ocular hypertension, and glaucoma suspect. The authors correlated visual field sensitivity with peripapillary nerve fiber thickness, and visual field mean deviation with the average deviation from the normal nerve fiber layer thickness. They also correlated the visual field mean deviation with all available GDx Nerve Fiber Analyzer parameters. RESULTS The visual field mean sensitivity and deviation showed a bilinear correlation to peripapillary nerve fiber layer thickness. The visual field mean sensitivity changed little when the nerve fiber layer thickness was greater than 70 microm. The nerve fiber layer thickness below this level was associated with a rapid decrease in the visual field sensitivity. Similarly, the visual field mean deviation was close to 0 dB when the nerve fiber layer was within -10 microm of the normal value; below this thickness, the mean deviation became substantially more negative. There was a large individual variability around the bilinear fit. Of the scanning laser polarimetry parameters, a calculated index, referred to as the number, had the highest correlation with the Humphrey mean deviation. CONCLUSION The bilinear correlation and its variability between the scanning laser polarimetry and visual field parameters make it difficult to predict the result of one from the other. In general, the correlation between the two is better when there is a significant visual field defect than when the visual field is close to normal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Iowa, Iowa City, USA
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Abstract
PURPOSE To report two cases in which topical brimonidine resulted in apparent central nervous system depression and unresponsiveness in an infant. METHODS Review of two patients. An 11-day-old infant became lethargic and apneic after a single drop of brimonidine. These symptoms were reproduced after a second administration of brimonidine. A 5-month-old infant became lethargic and poorly responsive after receiving 1 drop of brimonidine in each eye. RESULTS The first patient required admission to the hospital for medical stabilization. He recovered without sequelae. The second patient recovered spontaneously approximately 2.5 hours after administration of brimonidine. CONCLUSIONS Topical brimonidine may be associated with central nervous system depression in infants. The use of brimonidine is not recommended in these patients until further data are available.
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Affiliation(s)
- J O Carlsen
- John A. Moran Eye Center, University of Utah School of Medicine, Salt Lake City 84132, USA
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Fezza J, Chaudhry IA, Kwon YH, Grannum EE, Sinard J, Wolfley DE. Orbital melanoma presenting as orbital cellulitis: a clinicopathologic report. Ophthalmic Plast Reconstr Surg 1998; 14:286-9. [PMID: 9700739 DOI: 10.1097/00002341-199807000-00012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Most choroidal melanomas are diagnosed when the tumor is still relatively small and confined to the globe. Rarely, these tumors can escape detection and extend through the sclera. They can reach a large size and create significant orbital inflammation. The authors describe a 71-year-old man with orbital cellulitis secondary to a necrotic choroidal melanoma that invaded the orbit. This tumor had minimal intraocular involvement with a large extrascleral component. On histopathologic analysis, the lesion was best classified as a spindle B melanoma with epithelioid areas (mixed melanoma). The patient was treated with an enucleation and postoperative radiation. This report demonstrates that malignancies in the orbit can present as acute infections. Early suspicion, diagnosis, and treatment of these lesions offer the best chance for survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Fezza
- Department of Ophthalmology, Yale University, USA
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Kwon YH, Park HJ, Jap A, Ugurlu S, Caprioli J. Test-retest variability of blue-on-yellow perimetry is greater than white-on-white perimetry in normal subjects. Am J Ophthalmol 1998; 126:29-36. [PMID: 9683146 DOI: 10.1016/s0002-9394(98)00062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To compare long-term fluctuation of blue-on-yellow automated perimetry with white-on-white automated perimetry in normal subjects. METHODS White-on-white and blue-on-yellow automated perimetry were performed on a Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer and an Octopus perimeter, both modified for blue-on-yellow perimetry. The study sample consisted of 31 eyes of 31 normal subjects for the Humphrey perimeter and 33 eyes of 33 normal subjects for the Octopus perimeter. After one practice session, each subject completed four testing sessions over a period of 2 to 8 weeks, each separated by at least 1 day. Each testing session consisted of both white-on-white and blue-on-yellow perimetry performed on one eye; the order of the tests was alternated for successive sessions. Long-term fluctuation (expressed as statistical variance) was calculated for each test location. Intersubject variability (expressed as statistical variance) across all subjects was determined for each test location. RESULTS On the Humphrey perimeter, the long term fluctuation for blue-on-yellow perimetry (4.07 +/- 3.07 dB2) was significantly greater than that for white-on-white perimetry (1.97 +/- 0.99 dB2; P < .001). Long-term fluctuation increased as a function of eccentricity for both blue-on-yellow and white-on-white perimetry. Short-term fluctuation was significantly greater for blue-on-yellow (0.46 +/- 0.25 dB) than that for white-on-white perimetry (0.29 +/- 0.19 dB; P < .02). Finally, the intersubject variability was significantly greater in blue-on-yellow (13.2 +/- 2.8 dB2) than it was in white-on-white perimetry (4.25 +/- 1.13 dB2; P < .001). Similar results were found with the Octopus perimeter. CONCLUSIONS Long-term fluctuation and short-term fluctuation of blue-on-yellow perimetry are greater than those of white-on-white perimetry in normal subjects. The increased long-term fluctuation requires appropriate statistical approaches when evaluating serial change of blue-on-yellow perimetry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y H Kwon
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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Park HJ, Kwon YH, Weitzman M, Caprioli J. Temporal corneal phacoemulsification in patients with filtered glaucoma. Arch Ophthalmol 1997; 115:1375-80. [PMID: 9366666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effect of temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes that underwent prior trabeculectomy. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS Forty consecutive patients who underwent temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification subsequent to trabeculectomy (trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group) were identified, and 40 control patients who underwent trabeculectomy alone (trabeculectomy group) were matched to the case patients for length of follow-up, age, IOP, number of antiglaucoma medications, number of 5-fluorouracil injections, race, sex, and diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Intraocular pressure before vs 1 year after phacoemulsification in the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group compared with IOP in the trabeculectomy group and survival analysis of IOP control after trabeculectomy in the 2 groups. RESULTS In the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group, IOP 1 year after phacoemulsification was not significantly different from the prephacoemulsification IOP value (P = .65). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the rates of IOP control 3, 6, and 9 years after trabeculectomy in the trabeculectomy-phacoemulsification group were 80%, 66%, and 44%, respectively; in the trabeculectomy group, these were 79%, 69%, and 55%, respectively. These survival curves were not statistically different (P = .55). CONCLUSION Cataract surgery by temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in eyes with filtering blebs after trabeculectomy does not adversely affect long-term IOP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- H J Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Conn., USA
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Caprioli J, Park HJ, Kwon YH, Weitzman M. Temporal corneal phacoemulsification in filtered glaucoma patients. Trans Am Ophthalmol Soc 1997; 95:153-67; discussion 167-70. [PMID: 9440168 PMCID: PMC1298356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification on intraocular pressure (IOP) in eyes that had prior trabeculectomy. DESIGN Retrospective case-control study. PATIENTS Forty consecutive patients (cases; TRAB-PHACO group) who underwent temporal corneal phacoemulsification subsequent to trabeculectomy were identified. Forty patients (controls; TRAB group) who had trabeculectomy alone were matched to the cases for length of follow-up, age, IOP, number of anti-glaucoma medications, number of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) injections, race, sex and diagnosis. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of IOP before and one year after phacoemulsification in the TRAB-PHACO group, and comparison with the TRAB group. Survival analysis of IOP control after trabeculectomy in the TRAB-PHACO and TRAB groups. RESULTS In the TRAB-PHACO group, IOP one year after phacoemulsification was not significantly different from the pre-phacoemulsification IOP value (p = 0.65). Kaplan-Meier survival analysis showed that the rates of IOP control at 3, 6 and 9 years after trabeculectomy in the TRAB-PHACO group were 80%, 66% and 44%; in the TRAB group these were 79%, 69% and 55%. These survival curves were not statistically different (p = 0.55). CONCLUSIONS Cataract surgery by temporal clear corneal phacoemulsification in eyes with filtering blebs after trabeculectomy does not adversely affect long term IOP control.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Caprioli
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, USA
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