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Suzuki T, Sato Y, Okuno Y, Torii Y, Fukuda Y, Haruta K, Yamaguchi M, Kawamura Y, Hama A, Narita A, Muramatsu H, Yoshikawa T, Takahashi Y, Kimura H, Ito Y, Kawada JI. Single-Cell Transcriptomic Analysis of Epstein-Barr Virus-Associated Hemophagocytic Lymphohistiocytosis. J Clin Immunol 2024; 44:103. [PMID: 38642164 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-024-01701-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024]
Abstract
Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection can lead to infectious mononucleosis (EBV-IM) and, more rarely, EBV-associated hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (EBV-HLH), which is characterized by a life-threatening hyperinflammatory cytokine storm with immune dysregulation. Interferon-gamma (IFNγ) has been identified as a critical mediator for primary HLH; however, the detailed role of IFNγ and other cytokines in EBV-HLH is not fully understood. In this study, we used single-cell RNA sequencing to characterize the immune landscape of EBV-HLH and compared it with EBV-IM. Three pediatric patients with EBV-HLH with different backgrounds, one with X-linked lymphoproliferative syndrome type 1 (XLP1), two with chronic active EBV disease (CAEBV), and two patients with EBV-IM were enrolled. The TUBA1B + STMN1 + CD8 + T cell cluster, a responsive proliferating cluster with rich mRNA detection, was explicitly observed in EBV-IM, and the upregulation of SH2D1A-the gene responsible for XLP1-was localized in this cluster. This proliferative cluster was scarcely observed in EBV-HLH cases. In EBV-HLH cases with CAEBV, upregulation of LAG3 was observed in EBV-infected cells, which may be associated with an impaired response by CD8 + T cells. Additionally, genes involved in type I interferon (IFN) signaling were commonly upregulated in each cell fraction of EBV-HLH, and activation of type II IFN signaling was observed in CD4 + T cells, natural killer cells, and monocytes but not in CD8 + T cells in EBV-HLH. In conclusion, impaired responsive proliferation of CD8 + T cells and upregulation of type I IFN signaling were commonly observed in EBV-HLH cases, regardless of the patients' background, indicating the key features of EBV-HLH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takako Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Sato
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yusuke Okuno
- Department of Virology, Nagoya City University Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yuka Torii
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuto Fukuda
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Kazunori Haruta
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Yamaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Aichi Medical Center Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Atsushi Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kimura
- Department of Virology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Ito
- Departments of Pediatrics, Aichi Medical University, Nagakute, Aichi, Japan
| | - Jun-Ichi Kawada
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai-cho, Showa-ku, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
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Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Koinuma G, Onda T, Cho K, Higashimoto Y, Miura H, Yoshikawa T. A GIRL WITH ADENOVIRUS TYPE 2 INDUCED INTERSTITIAL PNEUMONITIS ACUTELY EXACERBATED WITH PRIMARY HUMAN HERPESVIRUS 7 INFECTION. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2024:00006454-990000000-00776. [PMID: 38451886 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000004312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
We encountered a previously healthy 3-year-old girl with interstitial pneumonitis that initially developed due to human adenovirus type 2 infection and exacerbated by primary human herpesvirus 7 infection. A comprehensive serum biomarker analysis showed patterns that differed by viral infection, suggesting that respiratory and lymphotropic viral infections might have different pathophysiology in interstitial pneumonitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Goro Koinuma
- Division of Pulmonology, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsuo Onda
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Kazutoshi Cho
- Department of Pediatrics, Japan Community Healthcare Organization Hokkaido Hospital, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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3
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Kawamura Y, Komoto S, Fukuda S, Kugita M, Tang S, Patel A, Pieknik JR, Nagao S, Taniguchi K, Krause PR, Yoshikawa T. Development of recombinant rotavirus carrying herpes simplex virus 2 glycoprotein D gene based on reverse genetics technology. Microbiol Immunol 2024; 68:56-64. [PMID: 38098134 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.13107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Vaccine development for herpes simplex virus 2 (HSV-2) has been attempted, but no vaccines are yet available. A plasmid-based reverse genetics system for Rotavirus (RV), which can cause gastroenteritis, allows the generation of recombinant RV containing foreign genes. In this study, we sought to develop simian RV (SA11) as a vector to express HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice. We generated the recombinant SA11-gD2 virus (rSA11-gD2) and confirmed its ability to express gD2 in vitro. The virus was orally inoculated into suckling BALB/c mice and into 8-week-old mice. Serum IgG and IgA titers against RV and gD2 were measured by ELISA. In the 8-week-old mice inoculated with rSA11-gD2, significant increases in not only antibodies against RV but also IgG against gD2 were demonstrated. In the suckling mice, antibodies against RV were induced, but gD2 antibody was not detected. Diarrhea observed after the first inoculation of rSA11-gD2 in suckling mice was similar to that induced by the parent virus. A gD2 expressing simian RV recombinant, which was orally inoculated, induced IgG against gD2. This strategy holds possibility for genital herpes vaccine development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Infectious Disease Research, Research Promotion Headquarters, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Division of One Health, Research Center for GLOBAL and LOCAL Infectious Diseases (RCGLID), Oita University, Yufu, Oita, Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masanori Kugita
- Advanced Medical Research Center for Animal Models of Human Disease, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Amita Patel
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Julianna R Pieknik
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Advanced Medical Research Center for Animal Models of Human Disease, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Philip R Krause
- Center for Biologics Evaluation and Research, Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, Maryland, USA
- Independent Consultant, Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kondo Y, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Nakai H, Saito K, Suzuki D, Kozawa K, Yoshikawa T. Serological analysis of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection in children with Kawasaki disease. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e29274. [PMID: 38009251 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.29274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 11/10/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 11/28/2023]
Abstract
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C) was reported as a severe complication of coronavirus disease 2019; an infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), and was suggested to be associated with Kawasaki disease (KD) in terms of severe systemic inflammation and mucocutaneous symptoms. Because severe gastrointestinal symptoms and systemic shock are more frequently observed with MIS-C, patients with mild MIS-C might have been diagnosed with KD. In this study, titers of IgG antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 S (S-IgG) and N proteins (N-IgG) were measured in 99 serum samples collected from patients with KD treated between January 2020 and December 2021 to evaluate the relationship between KD and SARS-CoV-2 infection. S-IgG were detected in only one patient out of 99 patients. This patient had coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) 10 months before KD onset, and was unlikely MIS-C. According to characters of S-IgG and N-IgG, the patients was unlikely infected with SARS-CoV-2 just before the onset of KD. In addition to this study, the 26th Nationwide Survey and previous studies showed an association between KD and SARS-CoV-2 to be unlikely. In conclusion, SARS-CoV-2 infection was not observed in patients with KD until Delta predominance in Japan by the method of detecting SARS-CoV-2 IgG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yotaro Kondo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyokawa, Japan
| | - Hidetaka Nakai
- Department of Pediatrics, Toyokawa City Hospital, Toyokawa, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Daijiro Suzuki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Itou H, Kida A, Sunakawa H, Suzuki M, Kawamura K. Percutaneous shunt vessel embolisation with Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV in the treatment of dogs with splenophrenic shunts: four cases (2019-2022). J Small Anim Pract 2023; 64:710-717. [PMID: 37817531 DOI: 10.1111/jsap.13660] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 04/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/10/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To describe the treatment of four dogs with splenophrenic shunts using percutaneous shunting vessel embolisation with Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV and provide information on their clinical outcomes. MATERIALS AND METHODS Dogs with splenophrenic shunts treated at a veterinary hospital from January 2019 to December 2022 were identified through a medical record search. RESULTS Six dogs with splenophrenic shunts were identified. Two dogs were excluded because they were treated with laparoscopic surgery. Four underwent percutaneous shunting vessel embolization with Amplatzer vascular plugs and were included in the case series. A sheath was placed in the left external jugular vein and a balloon catheter was advanced to the shunting vessel under fluoroscopy. Portal vein pressure was confirmed to be within an acceptable range during temporary balloon occlusion. Based on preoperative CT angiography and intraoperative contrast examination, Amplatzer vascular plugs II were selected for two dogs and IV were selected for two dogs. Under fluoroscopy, the plug was deployed into the shunting vessel, and angiography confirmed occlusion. In all cases, the increase in portal pressure after temporary occlusion was within the acceptable range, and complete occlusion of blood flow was possible with a single plug. There were no major procedure-related complications. No dogs developed post-ligation seizures or signs of portal hypertension. In addition, improvements in ammonia values were observed in all cases. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Percutaneous splenophrenic shunt embolisation using Amplatzer vascular plugs II and IV is technically feasible in dogs, and assessed by intra-procedure angiography, a single plug completely obstructed blood flow in all dogs. Based on the literature search, this is the first report describing Amplatzer vascular plugs for the treatment of splenophrenic shunts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawamura
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
| | - H Itou
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
| | - A Kida
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
| | - H Sunakawa
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
| | - M Suzuki
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
| | - K Kawamura
- Kawamura Animal Hospital, 1-1-6 Kamikido, Higashi-ku, Niigata City, Niigata, 950-0891, Japan
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Enya Y, Hiramatsu H, Ihira M, Suzuki R, Higashimoto Y, Funato Y, Kozawa K, Miura H, Miyata M, Kawamura Y, Ishihara T, Taniguchi K, Komoto S, Yoshikawa T. Similarities in rotavirus vaccine viral shedding and immune responses in pairs of twins. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:253-258. [PMID: 37554946 PMCID: PMC10405898 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 08/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Intestinal rotavirus (RV) vaccine replication and host immune response are suggested to be affected by several factors, including maternal antibodies, breastfeeding history, and gut microbiome, which are thought to be similar in pairs of twins. The aim of this study was to determine whether viral shedding from the fecal RV vaccine strain Rotarix® (RV1) and IgG and IgA responses to RV show similarity in pairs of twins. METHODS Quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction specific to RV vaccine strain RV1 was used to monitor fecal RV1 viral shedding. RV IgG and IgA titers were measured using an in-house enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Fecal RV1 viral shedding and immune responses were compared between twins and singletons with mixed effects and fixed effects models. RESULTS A total of 347 stool and 54 blood samples were collected from four pairs of twins and twelve singletons during the observation period. Although the kinetics of fecal RV1 viral shedding and immune responses differed among vaccinated individuals, they appeared to be similar within twin pairs. RV shedding after the first dose (P=0.049) and RV IgG titers during the entire observation period (P=0.015) had a significantly better fit in the fixed effect model that assumed that twins have the same response versus the model that assumed that twins have a different response. CONCLUSIONS The similarity of RV vaccine viral replication in intestine and host immune responses in twin pairs was demonstrated using statistical analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasuko Enya
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yusuke Funato
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Ishihara
- Innovative and Clinical Research Promotion Center, Gifu University Hospital, Gifu, Gifu, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kozawa K, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Miura H, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Matsunaga M, Ota A, Yoshikawa T. Changes in trends of pediatric β- and γ-herpesvirus infections during the COVID-19 pandemic: A single-center observational study. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28925. [PMID: 37409636 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2023] [Revised: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023]
Abstract
Nonpharmaceutical interventions (NPIs) to control COVID-19 have decreased the incidence of many pediatric infectious diseases. The epidemiology of β- and γ-herpesvirus infections might have been affected by NPIs. The aim of this study was to elucidate changes in trends in β- and γ-herpesvirus infections and complex febrile seizures (cFS) of viral etiology before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Between April 2017 and March 2021, febrile children aged ≤5 years were enrolled. Detection of EBV, CMV, HHV-6B, and HHV-7 DNA in serum was performed using real-time PCR. The epidemiology of viral infections and cFS were compared between the prepandemic and pandemic periods. During the observation period, 1432 serum samples were collected. The mean number of febrile children decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV-6B infection increased from 35 (9.3% of all febrile children) per year before the pandemic to 43 (15.5%) during the pandemic. The change in the proportion of patients with primary HHV-6B infection was 6.50% (95% confidence interval [CI], 2.05%-11.3%; p = 0.0047). The mean number of patients with cFS decreased during the pandemic period, but the number of patients with HHV-6B-associated cFS was stable throughout the observation period. Therefore, the change in proportion of patients with cFS caused by primary HHV-6B infection was 49.5% (95% CI, 12.2%-60.5%; p = 0.0048). The disease burden of primary HHV-6B infection among patients in the emergency room remained unchanged, with a significant increase in the relative proportion after the COVID-19 pandemic began.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaaki Matsunaga
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Atsuhiko Ota
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Tanaka M, Miura H, Ishimaru S, Furukawa G, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Yamada S, Ito F, Kudo K, Yoshikawa T. Future Perspective for ALK-Positive Anaplastic Large Cell Lymphoma with Initial Central Nervous System (CNS) Involvement: Could Next-Generation ALK Inhibitors Replace Brain Radiotherapy for the Prevention of Further CNS Relapse? Pediatr Rep 2023; 15:333-340. [PMID: 37368362 DOI: 10.3390/pediatric15020029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2023] [Revised: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Central nervous system (CNS) involvement in anaplastic large cell lymphoma (ALCL) at diagnosis is rare and leads to poor prognosis with the use of the standard ALCL99 protocol alone. CNS-directed intensive chemotherapy, such as an increased dose of intravenous MTX, increased dose of dexamethasone, intensified intrathecal therapy, and high-dose cytarabine, followed by cranial irradiation, has been shown to improve survival in this population. In this paper, the authors describe a 14-year-old male with an intracranial ALCL mass at onset who received CNS-directed chemotherapy followed by 23.4 Gy of whole-brain irradiation. After the first systemic relapse, the CNS-penetrating ALK inhibitor, alectinib, was applied; it has successfully maintained remission for 18 months without any adverse events. CNS-penetrating ALK inhibitor therapy might prevent CNS relapse in pediatric ALK-positive ALCL. Next-generation ALK inhibitors could be introduced as a promising treatment option, even for primary ALCL with CNS involvement, which could lead to the omission of cranial irradiation and avoid radiation-induced sequalae. Further evidence of CNS-penetrating ALK inhibitor combined therapy for primary ALK-positive ALCL is warranted to reduce radiation-induced sequalae in future treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Soichiro Ishimaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Gen Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Seiji Yamada
- Department of Diagnostic Pathology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumitaka Ito
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Dengakugakubo, Kutsukake-cho, Toyoake 470-1192, Aichi, Japan
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Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Kawamura Y, Inaba M, Shirato K, Suzuki T, Hasegawa H, Kageyama T, Doi Y, Hata T, Yoshikawa T. Dry loop-mediated isothermal amplification assay for detection of SARS-CoV-2 from clinical specimens. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:84-89. [PMID: 37234399 PMCID: PMC10206895 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives To establish a point-of-care test for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), we developed a dry loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) method to detect severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) RNA. Methods We carried out reverse transcription (RT)-LAMP using the Loopamp SARS-CoV-2 Detection kit (Eiken Chemical, Tokyo, Japan). The entire mixture, except for the primers, is dried and immobilized inside the tube lid. Results To determine the specificity of the kit, 22 viruses associated with respiratory infections, including SARS-CoV-2, were tested. The sensitivity of this assay, determined by either a real-time turbidity assay or colorimetric change of the reaction mixture, as evaluated by the naked eye or under illumination with ultraviolet light, was 10 copies/reaction. No LAMP product was detected in reactions performed with RNA from any pathogens other than SARS-CoV-2. After completing an initial validation analysis, we analyzed 24 nasopharyngeal swab specimens collected from patients suspected to have COVID-19. Of the 24 samples, 19 (79.2%) were determined by real-time RT-PCR analysis as being positive for SARS-CoV-2 RNA. Using the Loopamp SARS-CoV-2 Detection kit, we detected SARS-CoV-2 RNA in 15 (62.5%) of the 24 samples. Thus, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive values of the Loopamp 2019-CoV-2 detection reagent kit were 78.9%, 100%, 100%, and 55.6%, respectively. Conclusions The dry LAMP method for detecting SARS-CoV-2 RNA is fast and easy to use, and its reagents can be stored at 4°C, solving the cold chain problem; thus, it represents a promising tool for COVID-19 diagnosis in developing countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masato Inaba
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shirato
- Department of Virology III, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideki Hasegawa
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tsutomu Kageyama
- Influenza Virus Research Center, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, Musashimurayama, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yohei Doi
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tadayoshi Hata
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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10
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Funato Y, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Sakabe Y, Iwakura M, Ihira M, Shiogama K, Miyata M, Nishizawa H, Sekiya T, Fujii T, Kosugi I, Yoshikawa T. Retrospective immunohistochemical analysis of human cytomegalovirus infection in the placenta and its association with fetal growth restriction. Fujita Med J 2023; 9:90-94. [PMID: 37234388 PMCID: PMC10206905 DOI: 10.20407/fmj.2022-001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Objectives Fetal human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) infection might be involved in fetal growth restriction (FGR). Maternal serostatus and the prevalence of congenital HCMV infection are affected by various factors, such as socioeconomic status and ethnicity. Therefore, the prevalence of congenital HCMV-related FGR should be examined in each region. Methods Seventy-eight cases of FGR with delivery between January 2012 and January 2017 at Fujita Health University Hospital were studied. Twenty-one non-FGR cases were also included as a control group. Placental sections obtained from the FGR and control cases were immunostained with two primary antibodies for detecting immediate early antigens. Results Nineteen placental samples from FGR cases with another etiology were excluded. Finally, 59 placental samples from FGR cases of unknown etiology were included in the pathological analysis. Four of 59 (6.8%) placental samples were positive for HCMV antigen. All four positive cases were stained with the M0854 antibody, and there were no positive case with the MAB810R antibody. Neither maternal nor infantile clinical features were different between the HCMV-positive and -negative FGR cases. A pathological examination showed a hematoma in three of four cases and infarction in two of four cases. Conclusions HCMV antigen was detected in 6.8% of placental samples obtained from FGR cases without an obvious etiology. No remarkable maternal or neonatal clinical features discriminated HCMV-related FGR from FGR due to other causes. Vasculitis and inflammation might play important roles in the pathogenesis of HCMV-related FGR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yusuke Funato
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiko Sakabe
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Minori Iwakura
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuya Shiogama
- Faculty of Pathology, Fujita Health University, School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masafumi Miyata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takao Sekiya
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takuma Fujii
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Isao Kosugi
- Department of Regenerative and Infectious Pathology, Hamamatsu University, School of Medicine, Hamamatsu, Shizuoka, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University, School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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11
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Ishimaru S, Michihata N, Kawamura Y, Uda K, Matsui H, Fushimi K, Yasunaga H, Yoshikawa T. Trend in the Numbers of Hospitalized Patients With Varicella, Herpes Zoster, and Ischemic Stroke in Japanese Individuals <20 Years of Age Before and After Implementation of Universal Varicella Vaccination. Pediatr Infect Dis J 2023:00006454-990000000-00395. [PMID: 36996309 DOI: 10.1097/inf.0000000000003907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/01/2023]
Abstract
Several studies have shown an association between varicella-zoster virus infection and ischemic stroke. We analyzed the trends in the numbers of patients with varicella, herpes zoster and ischemic stroke before and after the universal vaccination program using a Japanese database of hospitalized patients. The number of patients with varicella decreased but those of herpes zoster and ischemic stroke did not change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ishimaru
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Michihata
- Department of Health Services Research, Graduate School of Medicine, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuaki Uda
- Health Services Research and Development Center, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Matsui
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kiyohide Fushimi
- Department of Health Policy and Informatics, Tokyo Medical and Dental University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hideo Yasunaga
- Department of Clinical Epidemiology and Health Economics, School of Public Health, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- From the Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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12
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Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Hamano A, Kato M, Kato S, Hosokawa A, Enya Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Analysis of the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests for varicella, including breakthrough cases. J Med Virol 2023; 95:e28569. [PMID: 36762573 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.28569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2023] [Accepted: 02/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
In the era of universal varicella vaccination, diagnosis of varicella is challenging, especially for breakthrough cases. We sought to clarify the reliability of direct varicella-zoster virus (VZV) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and DermaQuick® VZV using the immunochromatography technique as rapid diagnostic tests for varicella. In addition, the usefulness of saliva as a sample type for direct LAMP was investigated. Among the 46 enrolled patients with suspected VZV infection, 31 patients (67.3%) were positive for the nucleic acid test based on real-time PCR from skin swab samples. Direct LAMP of skin swabs was positive in 29 (63.0%) of 46 patients. DermaQuick® VZV was positive in 25 (54.3%) of 46 patients. VZV DNA was detected in only 48.4% of oral swabs with the direct LAMP method. With real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) as the standard for diagnosing varicella, the sensitivity and specificity of DermaQuick® VZV were 80.7% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of direct LAMP from skin swabs were 93.6% and 100%, respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR for DNA extracted from oral swabs were 74.2% and 93.3%, respectively. Thus, oral swab samples are not suitable for breakthrough varicella diagnosis. Although DermaQuick® VZV is considered the most convenient point-of-care test for varicella, its sensitivity and specificity were lower than those of direct VZV LAMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Aoi Hamano
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Mizuki Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Sayaka Kato
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Asuka Hosokawa
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Department of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Department of Clinical Science for Biological Monitoring, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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13
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Akamatsu M, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Sugimoto E, Okamoto K, Nakajima Y, Kozawa K, Furukawa G, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Yoshikawa T. Systemic herpes simplex virus infection in a child with eczema herpeticum. Pediatr Dermatol 2023; 40:582-583. [PMID: 36682743 DOI: 10.1111/pde.15253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Eczema herpeticum (EH) is a disseminated cutaneous infection with herpes simplex virus (HSV) that develops in patients with atopic dermatitis. The kinetics and clinical significance of HSV viremia in EH are poorly understood. Herein, we report HSV DNAemia in a child with EH 12 months after the completion of chemotherapy for Hodgkin lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mami Akamatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center, Okazaki, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis, Sacramento, USA
| | - Erina Sugimoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kaoru Okamoto
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoichi Nakajima
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Gen Furukawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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14
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Kozawa K, Higashimoto Y, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Negishi T, Hattori F, Ihira M, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Rotavirus genotypes and clinical outcome of natural infection based on vaccination status in the post-vaccine era. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2037983. [PMID: 35240934 PMCID: PMC9009920 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2037983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotavirus (RV) is a leading cause of gastroenteritis in children. In Japan, Rotarix (RV1; GlaxoSmithKline), which is a monovalent vaccine derived from human RV (G1P[8]), has been introduced since November 2011, and RotaTeq (RV5; MSD) which is an pentavalent, human-bovine mono-reassortant vaccine (G1, G2, G3, G4, and P1A[8]), has been introduced since July 2012. Long-term follow-up on vaccine efficacy and RV genotypical change should be carried out in order to control RV infection. The RV gastroenteritis (RVGE) outbreak occurred during the 2018/2019 season in Aichi prefecture, Japan. Therefore, the molecular epidemiology of RV among three different groups of RVGE, which were outpatients who received RV1, those who received RV5, and those without vaccination, was explored. Clinical features of RVGE patients were compared among the three patient groups. Children less than 15 years of age with gastroenteritis who visited any of seven pediatric practices between January and June 2019 were enrolled in the study. G, P, and E genotypes were determined by direct sequencing of reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction products amplified from stool samples. Among 110 patients, there were 27, 28, and 55 in the RV1-vaccinated, RV5-vaccinated, and unvaccinated groups, respectively. The most frequent genotype was G8P[8] (92/110 patients, 83.6%). Genotype distributions did not significantly differ among the three patient groups (P = .125). Mean Vesikari score was significantly lower among RV1-vaccinated (7.1) and RV5-vaccinated patients (6.4) than among unvaccinated patients (10.2) (P < .001). Even in RVGE patients treated in an outpatient clinic, RV vaccine reduced the severity of the disease in this cohort.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Takumi Negishi
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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15
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Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Enya Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. 372. Analysis of the reliability of rapid diagnostic tests for varicella patients, including breakthrough cases. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
In the era of universal varicella vaccination, diagnosis of varicella is challenging, especially for breakthrough cases. We sought to clarify the reliability of direct varicella-zoster virus (VZV) loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) and DermaQuick® VZV using the immunochromatography technique as rapid diagnostic tests for varicella. In addition, the usefulness of saliva as a sample type for direct LAMP was also investigated.
Methods
Between April 2019 and January 2021, 46 patients suspected VZV infection were enrolled in this study. Written informed consent was obtained from the parents of all participants. This study was approved by the institutional review board of Fujita Health University (No. 15–247). Samples were collected from skin eruptions using two different swabs. one swab which was soaked in 1 mL of isotonic saline was used for direct VZV LAMP and the other swab which was immersed in 500 µL of DermaQuick® VZV reaction buffer was used for DermaQuick® VZV. The isotonic saline solution used to wash the oral swab sample was used for direct VZV LAMP. The DNA extracted from the solutions were used for real-time PCR analysis.
Results
Thirty one patients (67.3%) were diagnosed with varicella based on real-time PCR of skin swabs. Direct LAMP of skin swabs was positive in 29 (63.0%) of 46 patients. DermaQuick® VZV was positive in 25 (54.3%) of 46 patients. The sensitivity for direct LAMP of skin swabs, DermaQuick® VZV, direct LAMP of oral swabs, and real-time PCR of oral swabs was 93.6% (95% confidence interval [CI], 79.3–98.9%), 80.7% (95% CI, 63.7–90.8%), 48.3% (95% CI, 32.0–65.1%), and 74.2% (95% CI, 56.8–86.3%), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of real-time PCR for DNA extracted from oral swabs was 74.2% (95% CI, 56.8–86.3%) and 93.3% (95% CI, 79.8–99.7%), respectively.
Conclusion
Although DermaQuick® VZV is the most convenient point-of-care test for varicella, the sensitivity and specificity of this method were slightly lower than those of direct VZV LAMP.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Fujita Health University school of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | | | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center , Okazaki, Aichi , Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Fujita Health University , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
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16
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Kawamura Y, Komoto S, Fukuda S, Kugita M, Tang S, Pieknik J, Enya Y, Ihira M, Nagao S, Krause P, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. 2136. Development of Recombinant Rotavirus Vaccine Carrying Herpes Simplex Virus 2 Gene Based on Reverse Genetics Technology. Open Forum Infect Dis 2022. [DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofac492.1756] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) can cause genital herpes, which reduces the patient's QOL associated with pain. In addition, genital herpes can increase the risk of human immunodeficiency virus infection. Vaccine development has been attempted for many years, but it has not yet been put into practical use. Meanwhile, rotavirus (RV) is one of the major viral causes of severe gastroenteritis in infants and young children worldwide. Currently, two live attenuated vaccines are widely used to prevent severe RV infection in children. We have developed entirely plasmid-based reverse genetics systems of RV, which allowed the generation of recombinant reassortant RV containing a foreign gene.
In this study, we sought to develop simian RV (SA11), in which HSV-2 glycoprotein D (gD2) gene was inserted by reverse genetics system, as a herpes vaccine, and evaluated its immunogenicity in mice.
Construction of HSV-2 protein expressing rotavirus as a vaccine inducing mucosal immunity
Methods
Artificially synthesized gD2 DNA fragment was inserted into T7 expression NSP1 plasmids (pT7/NSP1-gD2). Using the plasmid, recombinant SA11-gD2 virus (rSA11-gD2) was generated. gD2 protein expression in infected MA104 cells was verified by Western blotting. rSA11-gD2 was orally inoculated into BALB/c suckling mice twice two weeks apart and into eight-week-old mice three times apart four weeks. Diarrhea score was evaluated for seven days after first inoculation in suckling mice. Serum IgG and IgA titers against RV and gD2 were measured by ELISA.
Results
Insertion of the gD2 gene and synthesis of gD2 protein were demonstrated by sequence analysis and Wester blotting analysis, respectively. Diarrhea occurred after the first inoculation of rSA11-gD2 in suckling mice. Although IgG and IgA antibodies against RV were induced, gD2 antibody was not detected in convalescent sera in the suckling mice. Meanwhile, in the eight-week-old mice inoculated with three times of rSA11-gD2, significant increases in not only IgG and IgA against RV but also IgG against gD2 were demonstrated.
Conclusion
Simian RV containing gD2 gene, which was developed by the reverse genetics, induced IgG antibody against gD2 in orally inoculated mice. This strategy can be used to develop genital herpes vaccine.
Disclosures
All Authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Fujita Health University Okazaki Medical Center , Okazaki, Aichi , Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masanori Kugita
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Shuang Tang
- Food and drug administration , Silver Spring, Maryland
| | | | - Yasuko Enya
- Fujita Health University , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | - Shizuko Nagao
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
| | | | - Koki Taniguchi
- Fujita Health University School of Medicine , Toyoake, Aichi , Japan
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17
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Higashimoto Y, Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Ihira M, Hiramatsu H, Suzuki R, Haga K, Takai-Todaka R, Sawada A, Katayama K, Yoshikawa T. Correlation between anti-S IgG and neutralizing antibody titers against three live SARS-CoV-2 variants in BNT162b2 vaccine recipients. Hum Vaccin Immunother 2022; 18:2105611. [PMID: 36094467 DOI: 10.1080/21645515.2022.2105611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
We analyzed serially collected serum samples from healthy adults who underwent BNT162b2 vaccination to elucidate the association between spike (S)-IgG antibody titers determined by ELISA using the WHO international standard (NIBSC code 20/136) and neutralizing antibody titers against three live SARS-CoV-2 variants. This study included 53 health care workers who received two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine. S-IgG and nucleocapsid (N)-IgG antibody titers were measured by ELISA. Neutralizing (NT) antibody responses against three variants (Wuhan D614 G: KUH003, Alpha, and Delta) were evaluated before and after the first and second vaccination. N-IgG were not detected in any serum samples. S-IgG antibody titers remarkably increased after two BNT162b2 vaccine doses in all participants. S-IgG antibody titers were strongly correlated with NT titers against three variants of live viruses: KUH003 (r = 0.86), Alpha (r = 0.72), and Delta (r = 0.84). Serum samples from participants after one dose of BNT162b2 neutralized Alpha efficiently (median titer, 113.0), but median NT titers against KUH003 and Delta variants were lower, 57.0 and 28.0, respectively (p < .01). Two doses of the BNT162b2 vaccine elicited a strong immune response in this study. The second dose was required for induction of a strong booster effect. Serum collected from BNT162b2 vaccine recipients contained significantly lower neutralizing activity against Delta than that of against KUH003 (p < .0001) and Alpha (p < .0001). If a new variant emerges, live virus-based NT titers should be examined in serum obtained from vaccine recipients to evaluate vaccine efficacy for protection against infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Hiramatsu
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ryota Suzuki
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Fujita Health University Hospital, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Haga
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Reiko Takai-Todaka
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihito Sawada
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kazuhiko Katayama
- Laboratory of Viral Infection Control, Department of Infection Control Science and Immunology, Ōmura Satoshi Memorial Institute & Graduate School of Infection Control Sciences, Kitasato University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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18
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Shimohama S, Iizuka T, Takizawa T, Watanabe N, Tezuka T, Matsuda K, Yamanoi K, Kanazawa N, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T, Suzuki T, Takao M, Nakahara J, Izawa Y. Anti‐N‐methyl‐D‐aspartate receptor encephalitis with concurrent human herpes virus‐6A deoxyribonucleic acid detection: An autopsy case. Neuropathology 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/neup.12881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2022] [Revised: 10/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Sho Shimohama
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Takahiro Iizuka
- Department of Neurology Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Tsubasa Takizawa
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Narumi Watanabe
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Toshiki Tezuka
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kosuke Matsuda
- Department of Pathology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Yamanoi
- Department of Pathology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Naomi Kanazawa
- Department of Neurology Kitasato University School of Medicine Sagamihara Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics Fujita Health University School of Medicine Toyoake Japan
| | - Tadaki Suzuki
- Department of Pathology National Institute of Infectious Diseases Tokyo Japan
| | - Masaki Takao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory National Center of Neurology and Psychiatry (NCNP) National Center Hospital Kodaira Japan
| | - Jin Nakahara
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
| | - Yoshikane Izawa
- Department of Neurology Keio University School of Medicine Tokyo Japan
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19
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Kawamura Y, Maesawa S, Numoto S, Saito R, Yoshikawa T, Okumura A. Human herpesvirus 6 DNA was not detected in a brain specimen from a patient with mesial temporal sclerosis after status epilepticus due to human herpesvirus 6 infection. Epilepsia Open 2022; 7:817-821. [PMID: 35916714 PMCID: PMC9712467 DOI: 10.1002/epi4.12634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
We performed virological analysis of resected brain tissues from a patient with temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis after febrile status epilepticus caused by human herpesvirus 6 infection. The patient had febrile status epilepticus at 9 months of age associated with human herpesvirus 6 infection. Magnetic resonance imaging revealed reduced water diffusion in the right temporal lobe and hippocampus. Polymerase chain reaction analysis detected 1.6 × 105 copies/μg of human herpesvirus 6 DNA in whole blood, but none in the cerebrospinal fluid. The patient developed temporal lobe epilepsy associated with mesial temporal sclerosis at 67 months of age, necessitating surgical treatment. Anterior temporal lobectomy was performed at 171 months of age. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analysis of resected brain tissues revealed no viral DNA. In our patient, human herpesvirus 6 infection triggered febrile status epilepticus, while direct evidence to prove contribution of HHV-6 to the development of MTS was not obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineAichiJapan
| | - Satoshi Maesawa
- Department of NeurosurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineAichiJapan
| | - Shingo Numoto
- Department of PediatricsAichi Medical UniversityAichiJapan
| | - Ryuta Saito
- Department of NeurosurgeryNagoya University Graduate School of MedicineAichiJapan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of PediatricsFujita Health University School of MedicineAichiJapan
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20
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Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Unremarkable antibody responses against various infectious agents after inoculation with the BNT162b2 COVID-19 vaccine. J Med Virol 2022; 94:4583-4585. [PMID: 35641431 PMCID: PMC9347795 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 05/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 4701192, Japan
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21
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Tanita K, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Mitsuiki N, Tomoda T, Inoue K, Iguchi A, Yamada M, Yoshida T, Muramatsu H, Tada N, Matsui T, Kato M, Eguchi K, Ishimura M, Ohga S, Imai K, Morio T, Yoshikawa T, Kanegane H. Case Report: Rotavirus Vaccination and Severe Combined Immunodeficiency in Japan. Front Immunol 2022; 13:786375. [PMID: 35281013 PMCID: PMC8905240 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.786375] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) is an inborn error of immunity that occurs in approximately 1 in 50,000 births, mainly due to impaired lymphocyte differentiation. Without curative treatment, such as hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) or gene therapy, severe infection in the first year of life could make this condition fatal. The results of HCT are poor when patients have active infections, thus requiring early diagnosis before onset of infection. In five cases of SCID diagnosed in Japan, the oral rotavirus vaccine had been administered before diagnosis. In this study, we demonstrated that the rotavirus from their stools was a vaccine-derived strain. In some cases, severe gastroenteritis triggered the diagnosis of SCID. However, newborn screening for SCID is available before the first rotavirus vaccination using assays for the detection of T-cell receptor excision circles (TRECs). Therefore, to improve the prognosis of patients with SCID in Japan, we should establish a screening system of TRECs for newborns throughout Japan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kay Tanita
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Noriko Mitsuiki
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takahiro Tomoda
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kento Inoue
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Akihiro Iguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan.,Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masafumi Yamada
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine and Graduate School of Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, Japan
| | - Taro Yoshida
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Norimasa Tada
- Department of Pediatrics, Tsuchiura Kyodo General Hospital, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Toshihiro Matsui
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Motohiro Kato
- Children's Cancer Center, National Center for Child Health and Development, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Katsuhide Eguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Masataka Ishimura
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Shouichi Ohga
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kohsuke Imai
- Department of Community Pediatrics, Perinatal and Maternal Medicine, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tomohiro Morio
- Department of Pediatrics and Developmental Biology, Graduate School of Medical Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hirokazu Kanegane
- Department of Child Health and Development, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Tokyo Medical and Dental University (TMDU), Tokyo, Japan
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22
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Nomaru H, Shimizu R, Teranishi K, Asawa Y, Kawamura Y, Hikita A, Hoshi K. Tissue Engineering, Embryonic, Organ and Other Tissue Specific Stem Cells: LABEL-FREE MACHINE VISION-BASED CELL SORTING FOR TISSUE ENGINEERING. Cytotherapy 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/s1465-3249(22)00133-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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23
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Kawamura Y, Miura H, Saito K, Kanno T, Yokoyama T, Aizawa Y, Yoshikawa T. An atypical case of Kawasaki disease with severe pneumonia in a neonate. BMC Pediatr 2022; 22:132. [PMID: 35287620 PMCID: PMC8918903 DOI: 10.1186/s12887-022-03203-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute, febrile, systemic vasculitis of unknown etiology that primarily affects the coronary arteries and generally occurs at around 1 year of age. Although the diagnosis of KD is generally not difficult, it is challenging in cases of incomplete KD lacking characteristic clinical manifestations. The incidence of incomplete KD is higher in infants younger than 6 months of age. Pneumonia is an extremely rare complication of KD and can be misinterpreted as atypical pneumonia rather than KD. Herein, we report a neonate with atypical KD and severe pneumonia who required mechanical ventilation. CASE PRESENTATION Japanese one-month-old infant had only fever and rash on admission (day 1), and he was transferred to the intensive care unit for severe pneumonia on day 2. Although pneumonia improved following intensive care, he was diagnosed with KD on day 14 because of emerging typical clinical manifestations such as fever, bulbar nonexudative conjunctival injection, desquamation of the fingers, and coronary artery aneurysm. KD symptoms improved after three doses of intravenous immunoglobulin plus cyclosporine. However, small coronary aneurysms were present at the time of discharge. In a retrospective analysis, no pathogens were detected by multiplex real-time PCR in samples collected at admission, and the serum cytokine profile demonstrated prominent elevation of IL-6 as well as elevation of neopterin, sTNF-RI, and sTNF-RII, which suggested KD. CONCLUSIONS The patient's entire clinical course, including the severe pneumonia, was caused by KD. As in this case, neonatal KD may exhibit atypical manifestations such as severe pneumonia requiring mechanical ventilation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 47-01192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 47-01192, Japan
| | - Kazuyoshi Saito
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 47-01192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kanno
- Department of Pathology, National Institute of Infectious Diseases, 1-23-1 Toyama, Shinjuku-ku, Tokyo, 162-8640, Japan
| | - Tadafumi Yokoyama
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Institute of Medical, Pharmaceutical and Health Sciences, Kanazawa University, 13-1 Takara-machi, Kanazawa, Ishikawa, 920-8640, Japan
| | - Yuta Aizawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Niigata University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, 1-757 Asahimachi-Dori, Chuo-ku, Niigata, Niigata, 951-8510, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98 Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 47-01192, Japan
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24
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Suzuki N, Ihira M, Enya Y, Yumi T, Izuru C, Rie I, Higashimoto Y, Hiroki M, Asaki T, Kaoru F, Kawamura Y, Yoshikawa T. Dynamics of salivary human herpesvirus-6 and -7 shedding in pregnant women. J Med Virol 2022; 94:3359-3367. [PMID: 35243652 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.27692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2021] [Revised: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Reactivation of Betaherpesvirinae (Human herpesvirus 6A: HHV-6A, -6B, HHV-7) may be associated with mental illness and host fatigue. This study aimed to determine whether viral reactivation, measured by monitoring salivary viral DNA load, can be used to monitor depression in pregnant and postpartum women. METHODS Saliva samples were collected from 64 pregnant women at five-point of observation periods. The HHV-6 and HHV-7 specific qPCRs were carried out to measure viral DNA load. When HHV-6 DNA was detected in saliva, nested PCR was used to discriminate between HHV-6A and B. RESULTS In both viruses, a significant correlation was observed between detection frequency and viral DNA load in saliva. In the low-shedding group, HHV-6 DNA was significantly higher in the third trimester (P<0.0001), the time of delivery (P=0.0003), one month after birth (P=0.0023) compared to the first trimester, and HHV-7 was at the time of delivery (P=0.0277) and one month after birth (P=0.0235). Most of detected HHV-6 DNAs in saliva were HHV-6B. Both viral DNA loads were significantly lower (HHV-6:P=0.0101, HHV-7:P=0.0044) in the subjects with abnormal EPDS scores. CONCLUSIONS Detection rate and viral DNA load of both viruses in saliva increased after the third trimester. Salivary virus DNA shedding was significantly lower in subjects with an abnormal EPDS score. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Suzuki
- Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yasuko Enya
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | | | | | - Igarashi Rie
- Seibo international Catholic hospital, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Miura Hiroki
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Takanashi Asaki
- Faculty of Health Care and Nursing, Juntendo University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Fujimoto Kaoru
- Department of Nursing Faculty of Health Science Technology, Bumkyo Gakuin University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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25
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Yamazaki R, Matsukiyo S, Morita T, Tanaka SJ, Umeda T, Aihara K, Edamoto M, Egashira S, Hatsuyama R, Higuchi T, Hihara T, Horie Y, Hoshino M, Ishii A, Ishizaka N, Itadani Y, Izumi T, Kambayashi S, Kakuchi S, Katsuki N, Kawamura R, Kawamura Y, Kisaka S, Kojima T, Konuma A, Kumar R, Minami T, Miyata I, Moritaka T, Murakami Y, Nagashima K, Nakagawa Y, Nishimoto T, Nishioka Y, Ohira Y, Ohnishi N, Ota M, Ozaki N, Sano T, Sakai K, Sei S, Shiota J, Shoji Y, Sugiyama K, Suzuki D, Takagi M, Toda H, Tomita S, Tomiya S, Yoneda H, Takezaki T, Tomita K, Kuramitsu Y, Sakawa Y. High-power laser experiment forming a supercritical collisionless shock in a magnetized uniform plasma at rest. Phys Rev E 2022; 105:025203. [PMID: 35291161 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.105.025203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
We present an experimental method to generate quasiperpendicular supercritical magnetized collisionless shocks. In our experiment, ambient nitrogen (N) plasma is at rest and well magnetized, and it has uniform mass density. The plasma is pushed by laser-driven ablation aluminum (Al) plasma. Streaked optical pyrometry and spatially resolved laser collective Thomson scattering clarify structures of plasma density and temperatures, which are compared with one-dimensional particle-in-cell simulations. It is indicated that just after the laser irradiation, the Al plasma is magnetized by a self-generated Biermann battery field, and the plasma slaps the incident N plasma. The compressed external field in the N plasma reflects N ions, leading to counterstreaming magnetized N flows. Namely, we identify the edge of the reflected N ions. Such interacting plasmas form a magnetized collisionless shock.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Yamazaki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Matsukiyo
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Morita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
| | - S J Tanaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Umeda
- Institute for Space-Earth Environmental Research, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa, Nagoya, Aichi 464-8602, Japan
| | - K Aihara
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Edamoto
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - S Egashira
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - R Hatsuyama
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Higuchi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Hihara
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Horie
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - M Hoshino
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - A Ishii
- Max Planck Institute for Gravitational Physics (Albert Einstein Institute), Am Mühlenberg 1, Potsdam-Golm 14476, Germany
| | - N Ishizaka
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Itadani
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - T Izumi
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - S Kambayashi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kakuchi
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - N Katsuki
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - R Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Kisaka
- Department of Physical Science, Hiroshima University, Higashi-Hiroshima 739-8526, Japan
| | - T Kojima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - A Konuma
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - R Kumar
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Minami
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - I Miyata
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - T Moritaka
- Fundamental Physics Simulation Research Division, National Institute for Fusion Science, 322-6 Oroshi-cho, Toki 509-5292, Japan
| | - Y Murakami
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - K Nagashima
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Nakagawa
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - T Nishimoto
- School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Nishioka
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - Y Ohira
- Department of Earth and Planetary Science, University of Tokyo, 7-3-1 Hongo, Bunkyo, Tokyo 113-0033, Japan
| | - N Ohnishi
- Department of Aerospace Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6 Aramaki Aza Aoba, Aoba, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8579, Japan
| | - M Ota
- Graduate School of Science, Osaka University, 1-1 Machikane-yama, Toyonaka, Osaka 560-0043, Japan
| | - N Ozaki
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - T Sano
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - K Sakai
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - S Sei
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - J Shiota
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - Y Shoji
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - K Sugiyama
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - D Suzuki
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - M Takagi
- Interdisciplinary Graduate School of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, Kasuga 816-8580, Japan
| | - H Toda
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - S Tomita
- Astronomical Institute, Tohoku University, 6-3 Aramaki, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8578, Japan
- Frontier Research Institute for Interdisciplinary Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai 980-8578, Japan
| | - S Tomiya
- Department of Physical Sciences, Aoyama Gakuin University, 5-10-1 Fuchinobe, Sagamihara, Kanagawa 252-5258, Japan
| | - H Yoneda
- Institute for Laser Science, University of Electro-Communications, 1-5-1 Chofugaoka, Chofu, Tokyo 182-8585, Japan
| | - T Takezaki
- Department of Creative Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Kitakyushu College, 5-20-1 Shii, Kokuraminamiku, Kitakyushu, Fukuoka 802-0985, Japan
- Faculty of Engineering, University of Toyama, 3190, Gofuku, Toyama 930-8555, Japan
| | - K Tomita
- Faculty of Engineering Sciences, Kyushu University, 6-1 Kasuga-Koen, Kasuga, Fukuoka 816-8580, Japan
- Division of Quantum Science and Engineering, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-8628, Japan
| | - Y Kuramitsu
- Graduate School of Engineering, Osaka University, 2-1, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Y Sakawa
- Institute of Laser Engineering, Osaka University, 2-6, Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
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Sudo Y, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Yokoi K, Yoshikawa T. Peripheral venous catheter-related candidemia in an immunocompetent child. Pediatr Int 2022; 64:e14883. [PMID: 34847271 DOI: 10.1111/ped.14883] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2021] [Accepted: 06/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuta Sudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.,Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Katsuyuki Yokoi
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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27
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Ishimaru S, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Shima S, Ueda A, Watanabe H, Mutoh T, Yoshikawa T. Detection of human herpesviruses in cerebrospinal fluids collected from patients suspected of neuroinfectious diseases. J Neurovirol 2021; 28:92-98. [PMID: 34970721 DOI: 10.1007/s13365-021-01040-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The full spectrum of human herpesviruses (HHV)-associated neuroinfectious diseases in immunocompetent adults remains unclear. Hence, we sought to elucidate the epidemiology and clinical features of these diseases. The study subjects were patients over 16 years old suspected of neuroinfectious diseases who underwent spinal tap performed by neurologists in our university hospital between April 2013 and March 2018. The presence of seven HHV DNAs in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was determined by real-time PCR. HHV DNAs were detected in 33 (10.2%) of the 322 patients. The most frequently detected herpesvirus was varicella zoster virus (VZV) (19 patients), followed by HHV-6 (four patients), herpes simplex virus (HSV)-1 (three patients), HSV-2 (three patients), and Epstein-Barr virus (two patients). HHV DNAs were detected in CSF collected from patients with various neuroinfectious diseases, including myelitis, peripheral neuritis, encephalitis, and meningitis. All patients with HSV-1 DNA had encephalitis, whereas all patients with HSV-2 DNA had meningitis. Eleven of the 19 patients with VZV DNA had meningitis. Patients with VZV-associated encephalitis (median age, 80 years) were significantly older than non-encephalitis patients (median age, 60.5 years) (P = 0.046). Although post-herpetic neuralgia was observed in seven (54%) of the 13 patients with VZV and without encephalitis, no such neurological sequela was observed in the four encephalitis patients. In conclusion, HHVs were associated with approximately 10% of neuroinfectious diseases in this cohort. VZV was the most common pathogen, probably due to the large number of VZV meningitis patients. In addition, patients with VZV-associated meningitis were significantly younger than patients with VZV-associated encephalitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soichiro Ishimaru
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Sayuri Shima
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Akihiro Ueda
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Hirohisa Watanabe
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tatsuro Mutoh
- Department of Neurology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, 1-98, Kutsukake-cho, Dengakugakubo, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
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28
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Miura H, Taniguchi K, Narita K, Kawamura Y, Kozawa K, Muramatsu H, Takahashi Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Nosocomial infection with rotavirus vaccine strain in paediatric patients with immunodeficiency. J Hosp Infect 2021; 121:9-13. [PMID: 34915052 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2021.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/01/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
In infants with immunodeficiency, rotavirus (RV) vaccines can be continuously excreted in stool. We analysed nosocomial infection with RV vaccine strain in immunodeficient paediatric patients. RV1 RNAs were detected in stool and serum samples from case A, who was vaccinated with RV1, and case B, who was not. PAGE analysis of serial stool samples of case A revealed several rearrangements of the RV genome. In case B, the only band pattern detected was the same as a rearrangement detected in case A at the same time. In summary, RV vaccination of infants with immunodeficiency poses a risk of nosocomial infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi; Department of Dermatology, School of Medicine, University of California Davis (UC Davis), Sacramento, California.
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Kotaro Narita
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Hideki Muramatsu
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Aichi
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi
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Ishii Y, Aiba N, Ando M, Asakura N, Bierwage A, Cara P, Dzitko H, Edao Y, Gex D, Hasegawa K, Hayashi T, Hiwatari R, Hoshino T, Ikeda Y, Ishida S, Isobe K, Iwai Y, Jokinen A, Kasugai A, Kawamura Y, Kim JH, Kondo K, Kwon S, Lorenzo SC, Masuda K, Matsuyama A, Miyato N, Morishita K, Nakajima M, Nakajima N, Nakamichi M, Nozawa T, Ochiai K, Ohta M, Oyaidzu M, Ozeki T, Sakamoto K, Sakamoto Y, Sato S, Seto H, Shiroto T, Someya Y, Sugimoto M, Tanigawa H, Tokunaga S, Utoh H, Wang W, Watanabe Y, Yagi M. R&D Activities for Fusion DEMO in the QST Rokkasho Fusion Institute. Fusion Science and Technology 2021. [DOI: 10.1080/15361055.2021.1925030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Y. Ishii
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - N. Aiba
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, Naka City, Japan
| | - M. Ando
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - N. Asakura
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, Naka City, Japan
| | - A. Bierwage
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Naka Fusion Institute, Naka City, Japan
| | - P. Cara
- IFMIF/EVEDA Project Team, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - H. Dzitko
- Fusion for Energy, Broader Approach, Garching, Germany
| | | | - D. Gex
- Fusion for Energy, Broader Approach, Garching, Germany
| | - K. Hasegawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - T. Hayashi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - R. Hiwatari
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - T. Hoshino
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Ikeda
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - S. Ishida
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - K. Isobe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Iwai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - A. Jokinen
- IFMIF/EVEDA Project Team, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - A. Kasugai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Kawamura
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - J. H. Kim
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - K. Kondo
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - S. Kwon
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - S. C. Lorenzo
- Fusion for Energy, Broader Approach, Barcelona, Spain
| | - K. Masuda
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - A. Matsuyama
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - N. Miyato
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - K. Morishita
- Kyoto University, Institute of Advanced Energy, Uji, Japan
| | - M. Nakajima
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - N. Nakajima
- National Institute for Fusion Science, Department of Helical Plasma Research Rokkasho Research Center, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - M. Nakamichi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - T. Nozawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - K. Ochiai
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - M. Ohta
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - M. Oyaidzu
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - T. Ozeki
- NAT Corporation, Tohoku Branch Office, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - K. Sakamoto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Sakamoto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - S. Sato
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - H. Seto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - T. Shiroto
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Someya
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - M. Sugimoto
- NAT Corporation, Tohoku Branch Office, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - H. Tanigawa
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - S. Tokunaga
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - H. Utoh
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - W. Wang
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - Y. Watanabe
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
| | - M. Yagi
- National Institutes for Quantum and Radiological Science and Technology, Rokkasho Fusion Institute, Rokkasho-Vill., Japan
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Miura H, Ihira M, Kozawa K, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Hattori F, Yoshikawa T. Effect of Lactococcus lactis Strain Plasma on HHV-6 and HHV-7 Shedding in Saliva: A Prospective Observational Study. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9081683. [PMID: 34442762 PMCID: PMC8401688 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9081683] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
HHV-6 and HHV-7 can reactivate in the salivary gland in response to various host stresses. Lactococcus lactis strain Plasma (LC-Plasma) can activate plasmacytoid dendritic cells (pDCs) and decrease viral infection. We investigated whether LC-Plasma intake could decrease HHV-6 and HHV-7 reactivation in the salivary gland. A total of 54 healthy volunteers were enrolled in this study. Participants took LC-Plasma granules daily for 6 weeks. Saliva samples were collected from subjects weekly for 4 weeks before (first), during (second), and after (third period) LC-Plasma intake. There was a 2-week interval between the first and second periods and a 3-week interval between the second and third periods. Mean salivary HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA loads were compared among the three observation periods. In the first period (baseline data of viral DNA shedding), HHV-6 DNA shedding was significantly higher in subjects under 40 years old, and HHV-7 DNA shedding was significantly higher in males. HHV-6 and HHV-7 DNA loads did not significantly differ between periods. Meanwhile, in a subgroup analysis of the subjects under 40 years old, HHV-6 DNA load was significantly lower in the second period than in the first period. LC-Plasma decreases HHV-6 reactivation in the salivary glands in younger adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-562-93-9251
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan;
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (K.K.); (Y.K.); (F.H.); (T.Y.)
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31
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Tacharoenmuang R, Guntapong R, Upachai S, Singchai P, Fukuda S, Ide T, Hatazawa R, Sutthiwarakom K, Kongjorn S, Onvimala N, Luechakham T, Ruchusatsawast K, Kawamura Y, Sriwanthana B, Motomura K, Tatsumi M, Takeda N, Yoshikawa T, Murata T, Uppapong B, Taniguchi K, Komoto S. Full genome-based characterization of G4P[6] rotavirus strains from diarrheic patients in Thailand: Evidence for independent porcine-to-human interspecies transmission events. Virus Genes 2021; 57:338-357. [PMID: 34106412 DOI: 10.1007/s11262-021-01851-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The exact evolutionary patterns of human G4P[6] rotavirus strains remain to be elucidated. Such strains possess unique and strain-specific genotype constellations, raising the question of whether G4P[6] strains are primarily transmitted via independent interspecies transmission or human-to-human transmission after interspecies transmission. Two G4P[6] rotavirus strains were identified in fecal specimens from hospitalized patients with severe diarrhea in Thailand, namely, DU2014-259 (RVA/Human-wt/THA/DU2014-259/2014/G4P[6]) and PK2015-1-0001 (RVA/Human-wt/THA/PK2015-1-0001/2015/G4P[6]). Here, we analyzed the full genomes of the two human G4P[6] strains, which provided the opportunity to study and confirm their evolutionary origin. On whole genome analysis, both strains exhibited a unique Wa-like genotype constellation of G4-P[6]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A8-N1-T1-E1-H1. The NSP1 genotype A8 is commonly found in porcine rotavirus strains. Furthermore, on phylogenetic analysis, each of the 11 genes of strains DU2014-259 and PK2015-1-0001 appeared to be of porcine origin. On the other hand, the two study strains consistently formed distinct clusters for nine of the 11 gene segments (VP4, VP6, VP1-VP3, and NSP2-NSP5), strongly indicating the occurrence of independent porcine-to-human interspecies transmission events. Our observations provide important insights into the origin of zoonotic G4P[6] strains, and into the dynamic interaction between porcine and human rotavirus strains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ratana Tacharoenmuang
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ratigorn Guntapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Sompong Upachai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Phakapun Singchai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Saori Fukuda
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tomihiko Ide
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Riona Hatazawa
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Karun Sutthiwarakom
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Santip Kongjorn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Napa Onvimala
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Tipsuda Luechakham
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | | | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Busarawan Sriwanthana
- Medical Sciences Technical Office, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, 537-0025, Japan
| | - Masashi Tatsumi
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Naokazu Takeda
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-Emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Ballang Uppapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, 11000, Thailand
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, 470-1192, Japan.
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Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Higashimoto Y, Kozawa K, Yoshikawa T. Evaluation of varicella vaccine effectiveness during outbreaks in schools or nurseries by cross-sectional study. Vaccine 2021; 39:2901-2905. [PMID: 33895017 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to elucidate vaccine effectiveness (VE) during varicella outbreaks in schools and nurseries in Japan. METHODS An outbreak was defined as emergence of three or more cases of varicella within 21 days at the same institute. Clinical information such as varicella vaccination status, and history of varicella was collected. If a child had varicella during the outbreak, information about absences, fever, and disease severity was collected. RESULTS From September 2018 to January 2020, four outbreaks were reported around our institute from three elementary schools and one nursery. A total of 676 children were analyzed in this study. Seventy-six children (11.2%) were unvaccinated, 309 (45.7%) had received one dose of vaccine, and 291 (43.0%) had received two doses. Most children in Pre-K2 (1-2 years old) to Pre-K6 (5-6 years old), who were the targets of the national immunization schedule, received two doses. Meanwhile, most children older than third grade received single dose. Seventy-five children (11.1%) had varicella. Varicella prevalence from Pre-K5 to the third grade was greater than 10%. The adjusted VEs of single- and two-dose of varicella vaccine were 57.8% and 89.0%. The number of days absent was significantly longer in unvaccinated children than single-dose recipients (P = 0.0145). Unvaccinated children had significantly more severe skin eruptions than single-dose recipients (P = 0.0046) and two-dose recipients (P = 0.0258). CONCLUSIONS Although VEs of single-dose varicella vaccination during outbreaks was not high, the VE of two-dose vaccination was similar to that in a previously reported case-control study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi 470-1192, Japan
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33
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Miyake M, Kawamura Y, Ishihara N, Suzuki S, Miura H, Sakaguchi Y, Tanaka M, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Toyama H, Natsume J, Yoshikawa T. Hippocampal Atrophy in Pediatric Transplant Recipients with Human Herpesvirus 6B. Microorganisms 2021; 9:microorganisms9040776. [PMID: 33917715 PMCID: PMC8068176 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms9040776] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to determine whether human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) infection can impair the hippocampus in pediatric hematopoietic stem cell transplant (HSCT) recipients. Study subjects were pediatric HSCT recipients monitored for HHV-6B infection who underwent brain MRI before and after transplantation. Volumetric analysis of the hippocampus was performed. Of the 107 patients that received HSCT at Nagoya University Hospital Between July 2008 and April 2014, 20 were eligible for volumetric analysis. Eight patients had HHV-6B infection, of whom two had encephalopathy at the time of HHV-6B infection. None of the 12 patients without HHV-6B infection had encephalopathy. The median ratio of the right hippocampal volume from before to after transplantation was 0.93 in patients with HHV-6B infection and 1.02 in without HHV-6B infection (p = 0.007). The median ratio of the left hippocampal volume ratio in patients with and without HHV-6B infection was 0.92 and 1.00, respectively (p = 0.003). Among the eight patients with HHV-6B infection, four had a marked reduction in hippocampal volume (volume ratio < 0.90). Only one of these patients had neurological symptoms at the time of HHV-6B infection. The reduction in the hippocampal volume ratio was higher in pediatric HSCT recipients with HHV-6B infection than those without viral infection. Neurological follow-up may be required for pediatric HSCT recipients with HHV-6B infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (N.I.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (N.I.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Naoko Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (N.I.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Shigetaka Suzuki
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (S.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (N.I.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
| | - Yoko Sakaguchi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Masaharu Tanaka
- Department of Radiology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (S.S.); (M.T.)
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Hiroshi Toyama
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Jun Natsume
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya 466-8560, Japan; (Y.S.); (Y.T.); (S.K.); (H.T.); (J.N.)
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake 470-1192, Japan; (M.M.); (N.I.); (H.M.); (T.Y.)
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Miura H, Ohye T, Kozawa K, Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Ihira M, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Coinfection With Human Herpesvirus (HHV)-6B in Immunocompetent, Healthy Individuals With Chromosomally Integrated HHV-6A. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2021; 10:175-178. [PMID: 31972018 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piaa009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2019] [Accepted: 01/12/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Immunocompetent sisters with chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6A (HHV-6A) transiently excreted HHV-6B genome in their saliva. They did not have past histories of exanthema subitum but had antibodies against HHV-6A and HHV-6B. This suggests that endogenous HHV-6A may modify the clinical features of HHV-6B coinfection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Weiss D, Humphrey JD. Differential biomechanical responses of elastic and muscular arteries to angiotensin II-induced hypertension. J Biomech 2021; 119:110297. [PMID: 33647550 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2021.110297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2020] [Revised: 01/15/2021] [Accepted: 01/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Elastic and muscular arteries are distinguished by their distinct microstructures, biomechanical properties, and smooth muscle cell contractile functions. They also exhibit differential remodeling in aging and hypertension. Although regional differences in biomechanical properties have been compared, few studies have quantified biaxial differences in response to hypertension. Here, we contrast passive and active changes in large elastic and medium- and small-sized muscular arteries in adult mice in response to chronic infusion of angiotensin over 14 days. We found a significant increase in wall thickness, both medial and adventitial, in the descending thoracic aorta that associated with trends of an increased collagen:elastin ratio. There was adventitial thickening in the small-sized mesenteric artery, but also significant changes in elastic lamellar structure and contractility. An increased contractile response to phenylephrine coupled with a reduced vasodilatory response to acetylcholine in the mesenteric artery suggested an increased contractile state in response to hypertension. Overall reductions in the calculated gradients in pulse wave velocity and elastin energy storage capability from elastic-to-muscular arteries suggested a possible transfer of excessive pulsatile energy into the small-sized muscular arteries resulting in significant functional consequences in response to hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Kawamura Y, Murtada SI, Gao F, Liu X, Tellides G, Humphrey JD. Adventitial remodeling protects against aortic rupture following late smooth muscle-specific disruption of TGFβ signaling. J Mech Behav Biomed Mater 2021; 116:104264. [PMID: 33508556 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmbbm.2020.104264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2020] [Revised: 11/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Altered signaling through transforming growth factor-beta (TGFβ) increases the risk of aortic dissection in patients, which has been confirmed in mouse models. It is well known that altered TGFβ signaling affects matrix turnover, but there has not been a careful examination of associated changes in structure-function relations. In this paper, we present new findings on the rupture potential of the aortic wall following late postnatal smooth muscle cell (SMC)-specific disruption of type I and II TGFβ receptors in a mouse model with demonstrated dissection susceptibility. Using a combination of custom computer-controlled biaxial tests and quantitative histology and immunohistochemistry, we found that loss of TGFβ signaling in SMCs compromises medial properties but induces compensatory changes in the adventitia that preserve wall strength above that which is needed to resist in vivo values of wall stress. These findings emphasize the different structural defects that lead to aortic dissection and rupture - compromised medial integrity and insufficient adventitial strength, respectively. Relative differences in these two defects, in an individual subject at a particular time, likely reflects the considerable phenotypic diversity that is common in clinical presentations of thoracic aortic dissection and rupture. There is, therefore, a need to move beyond examinations of bulk biological assays and wall properties to cell- and layer-specific studies that delineate pathologic and compensatory changes in wall biology and composition, and thus the structural integrity of the aortic wall that can dictate differences between life and death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Kawamura
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - S-I Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - F Gao
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - X Liu
- Department of Cell Biology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G Tellides
- Department of Surgery, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA.
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Shibutani S, Yonekura M, Nosaka M, Kawamura Y, Hanada K, Kasai S, Yokota T, Higuma T, Itoh K, Tomita H. Characterizing genetic variants for DAG and IP3 signalling pathways in severe cases of coronary spastic angina. Eur Heart J 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ehjci/ehaa946.1574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
We previously reported that the activity of phospholipase C (PLC), a key molecule for intracellular calcium signaling, was enhanced in patients with coronary spastic angina (CSA). Furthermore, we found PLC-δ1 864 G to A mutation in about 10% of the male CSA patients. However, comprehensive understanding of genetic role in the pathogenesis of CSA remains to be elucidated.
Purpose
We tested the hypothesis that variants in the genes responsible for contraction signaling, especially a Ca2+-dependent mechanism, plays an important role in the pathogenesis of CSA.
Methods and results
Exome sequencing was performed to genotype comprehensively CSA cohort, enabling investigation of 258 gene network for diacylglycerol (DAG) and inositol trisphosphate (IP3) signallings, which are responsible for contraction signaling in the vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) by a Ca2+-dependent mechanism.
The study population included 30 Japanese patients with severe cases of CSA (18 men and 12 women with a mean age of 62.2±10.1 years). In 23 patients, ST segment elevation was recorded on the electrocardiogram during a spontaneous attack. In other 3 patients, ventricular fibrillation occurred following CSA attacks. The rests were diagnosed by ECG changes and elevated cardiac enzymes following CSA attacks. Genetic information from these CSA patients were compared with those from 914 healthy controls.
Frequencies of 17 common, functional polymorphisms of DAG and IP3 signallings were statistically similar to those of healthy controls. By high-quality (Call Quality ≥20, Read Depth ≥10), and predicted-deleterious (CADD score ≥20) filterings, the number of the candidate genes were narrowed from 234,445 to 17,738, and by selecting genes for DAG and IP3 signallings, further narrowed to 208 genes. Compared with 914 healthy controls, DAG and IP3 signalling genes revealed 26 variants in 15 genes in CSA cases, and by further filtering for rare (914 healthy control frequency <1%), 21 variants in 12 genes were found. They shared variants in G protein subunit alpha q (GNAQ), phospholipase C beta 3 (PLCB3), inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptor type 3 (ITPR3), glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit 2D (GRIN2D) in ≥5 cases. By filtering for high-quality, predicted-deleterious, and rare, genetic variants related with DAG and IP3 signalling were more found in severe CSA patients compared with healthy controls (CSA 4.33/person vs healthy controls 2.60 /person).
Conclusions
These findings indicate genetic heterogeneity in CSA susceptibility and a likely polygenic basis, giving a cumulative effect on DAG and IP3 signalling pathways in a subset of individual CSA patients. Study of larger cohorts is warranted to define genetic risk factors for CSA.
Funding Acknowledgement
Type of funding source: None
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Affiliation(s)
- S Shibutani
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - M Yonekura
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - M Nosaka
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - Y Kawamura
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - K Hanada
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - S Kasai
- Hirosaki University, Stress Response Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - T Yokota
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - T Higuma
- St. Marianna University School of Medicine, Cardiology, Kawasaki, Japan
| | - K Itoh
- Hirosaki University, Stress Response Science, Hirosaki, Japan
| | - H Tomita
- Hirosaki University Graduate School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan
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38
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Kawamura Y, Hashimoto T, Miura H, Kozawa K, Yoshikawa A, Ikeda N, Yatsuya H, Yasuoka H, Yoshikawa T. Inherited chromosomally integrated human herpesvirus 6 and autoimmune connective tissue diseases. J Clin Virol 2020; 132:104656. [PMID: 33045641 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcv.2020.104656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 09/27/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Entire genome of human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) that integrates into human chromosomes is called chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (ciHHV-6). Several viral infections have been suggested to be involved in autoimmune connective tissue diseases (CTDs). Reactivated HHV-6 from the integrated viral genome can induce immune responses against the virus. Thus, it is plausible that ciHHV-6 is associated with autoimmune CTDs. OBJECTIVES We sought to determine whether the prevalence of ciHHV-6 was significantly higher in patients with autoimmune CTDs than in a healthy population. STUDY DESIGN A total of 846 peripheral blood samples collected from autoimmune CTD patients were analyzed. Since there was a large number of samples, they were pooled into 24 samples per group. Copy numbers of HHV-6 DNA were measured by real-time PCR. The threshold level for distinguishing between ciHHV-6 and active viral infection and the reliability of pooled DNA analysis were examined as initial validation experiments. RESULTS The threshold level was 1.6 × 10^6 copy/mL in whole blood. The reliability of pooled DNA analysis to identify one ciHHV-6 sample among 23 HHV-6 DNA-negative samples was high. No HHV-6 DNA was detected in any of the pooled DNA samples collected from the patients. The probability of the present study including the 846 autoimmune CTD patient's samples was statistically not different with a healthy Japanese population which was 0.2 % or 0.6 %. CONCLUSIONS There was no significant difference in the prevalence of ciHHV-6 between a healthy population and patients with autoimmune CTDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Takako Hashimoto
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Naomi Ikeda
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hidekata Yasuoka
- Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Hattori F, Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Yoshikawa A, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Trend in varicella patients 4 years after implementation of universal two-dose varicella vaccination in Japan. Vaccine 2020; 38:7331-7336. [PMID: 33008671 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2020.09.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2020] [Revised: 09/05/2020] [Accepted: 09/13/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To elucidate the trend and clinical spectrum of virologically diagnosed varicella patients after implementation of universal vaccination as a national immunization program in Japan. PATIENTS AND METHODS Study subjects were patients suspected of varicella, less than 15 years of age, who visited 14 pediatric clinics in the Nagoya VZV Study Group from September 2015 to August 2019. Practitioners collected patient samples and information such as backgrounds, clinical symptoms, and previous immunization status. All patients were confirmed as having varicella based on molecular diagnostic assays. RESULTS Varicella zoster virus (VZV) DNA was detected in swab samples from 506 (83.1%) of the 609 suspected patients. The 455 varicella patients for whom vaccination status was available were divided into two groups: 180 universal vaccination targets and 275 non-targets. Numbers of monthly varicella patients decreased gradually during the observation period. In the 2016/17 season, the seasonal epidemic of varicella became undetectable in the universal vaccination target group, and starting in the 2017/18 season, it was obscured even in the non-target group. The median age of patients was significantly lower in the universal vaccination target group (3 years) than the non-target group (7 years) (P < 0.001). Vaccination status differed significantly between the two groups (P < 0.001). Most varicella patients were in the non-target group, especially those who had been vaccinated once (60.4%). Frequency of fever (P < 0.001) and number of skin rashes at the time of the first hospital visit (P = 0.001) were significantly higher in the non-target group. CONCLUSIONS Although the number of childhood varicella patients declined after implementation of national immunization with two doses of varicella vaccination, sporadic outbreaks still occurred, mainly in the non-universal vaccination target group. Insufficient vaccination of members of this group is likely to be a major reason for small local outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Aichi 448-8505, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan.
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Akiko Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Kawamura Y, Higashimoto Y, Miura H, Ihira M, Inaba M, Ito R, Kozawa K, Yoshikawa T. Immune response against SARS-CoV-2 in pediatric patients including young infants. J Med Virol 2020; 93:1776-1779. [PMID: 32897544 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.26493] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2020] [Revised: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pediatric cases of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) are generally mild or asymptomatic, and are usually detected by virological examination following close contact with COVID-19 patients, often the children's parents. The detailed clinical features and virological data of pediatric patients with COVID-19, particularly young infants, remain unclear. Here, the clinical and virological characteristics of four children with COVID-19 including two young infants were investigated. One- and 4-month-old boys with COVID-19 were both asymptomatic, and seroconversion was demonstrated. These findings suggest that even young infants can mount an immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), despite having weaker immune defenses than adolescents and adults. Three-year-old boy, who was SARS-CoV-2-negative, was admitted to the same room as his SARS-CoV-2-positive father due to the lack of caregivers. Although he was asymptomatic, he had seroconverted to SARS-CoV-2. Eleven-year-old boy, who was sibling of the 3-year-old boy, was also SARS-CoV-2-negative. He was isolated in his own room and did not seroconvert. If young children are SARS-CoV-2 negative, they should be isolated from their SARS-CoV-2-positive parents. This may be difficult in practice, if parents with COVID-19 are the only available caregivers. In such situations, the most appropriate measures should be taken for each patient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masato Inaba
- Department of Internal Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Ryota Ito
- Department of Internal Infectious Diseases, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Ohye T, Hattori F, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Yatsuya H, Nishizawa H, Kurahashi H, Yoshikawa T. Inherited Chromosomally Integrated Human Herpesvirus 6 Is a Risk Factor for Spontaneous Abortion. J Infect Dis 2020; 223:1717-1723. [PMID: 32984876 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiaa606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) can be genetically transmitted from parent to child as inherited chromosomally integrated HHV-6 (iciHHV-6). HHV-6 reactivation occurs in pregnant women with iciHHV-6. We found no sex differences in the frequency of index cases with iciHHV-6 but inheritance from the father was more common. We evaluated the association between iciHHV-6 status and spontaneous abortion. METHODS iciHHV-6 was confirmed by high viral DNA copy numbers in whole blood and somatic cells. The origin of integrated viral genome, paternal or maternal, was examined using the same method. The pregnancy history of 23 mothers in families with iciHHV-6 and 285 mothers in families without iciHHV-6 was abstracted. RESULTS Of 23 iciHHV-6 index cases, 8 mothers and 15 fathers had iciHHV-6. Spontaneous abortion rates in mothers with and mothers without/fathers with iciHHV-6 and mothers in families without iciHHV-6 were 27.6%, 10.3%, and 14.8%, respectively (P = .012). Mothers with iciHHV-6 (odds ratio [OR], 6.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.10-37.4) and maternal age at the most recent pregnancy ≥40 years (OR, 3.91; 95% CI, 1.30-11.8) were associated with 2 or more spontaneous abortions. CONCLUSIONS Mothers with iciHHV-6 is a risk factor for spontaneous abortion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tamae Ohye
- Department of Clinical Laboratory Medicine, Graduate School of Health Sciences, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Haruki Nishizawa
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroki Kurahashi
- Division of Molecular Genetics, Institute for Comprehensive Medical Science, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Liu X, Kosugi S, Koide R, Kawamura Y, Ito J, Miura H, Matoba N, Matsuzaki M, Fujita M, Kamada AJ, Nakagawa H, Tamiya G, Matsuda K, Murakami Y, Kubo M, Aswad A, Sato K, Momozawa Y, Ohashi J, Terao C, Yoshikawa T, Parrish NF, Kamatani Y. Endogenization and excision of human herpesvirus 6 in human genomes. PLoS Genet 2020; 16:e1008915. [PMID: 32776928 PMCID: PMC7444522 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pgen.1008915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Sequences homologous to human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6) are integrated within the nuclear genome of about 1% of humans, but it is not clear how this came about. It is also uncertain whether integrated HHV-6 can reactivate into an infectious virus. HHV-6 integrates into telomeres, and this has recently been associated with polymorphisms affecting MOV10L1. MOV10L1 is located on the subtelomere of chromosome 22q (chr22q) and is required to make PIWI-interacting RNAs (piRNAs). As piRNAs block germline integration of transposons, piRNA-mediated repression of HHV-6 integration has been proposed to explain this association. In vitro, recombination of the HHV-6 genome along its terminal direct repeats (DRs) leads to excision from the telomere and viral reactivation, but the expected "solo-DR scar" has not been described in vivo. Here we screened for integrated HHV-6 in 7,485 Japanese subjects using whole-genome sequencing (WGS). Integrated HHV-6 was associated with polymorphisms on chr22q. However, in contrast to prior work, we find that the reported MOV10L1 polymorphism is physically linked to an ancient endogenous HHV-6A variant integrated into the telomere of chr22q in East Asians. Unexpectedly, an HHV-6B variant has also endogenized in chr22q; two endogenous HHV-6 variants at this locus thus account for 72% of all integrated HHV-6 in Japan. We also report human genomes carrying only one portion of the HHV-6B genome, a solo-DR, supporting in vivo excision and possible viral reactivation. Together these results explain the recently-reported association between integrated HHV-6 and MOV10L1/piRNAs, suggest potential exaptation of HHV-6 in its coevolution with human chr22q, and clarify the evolution and risk of reactivation of the only intact (non-retro)viral genome known to be present in human germlines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoxi Liu
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Shunichi Kosugi
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Rie Koide
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Jumpei Ito
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nana Matoba
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Motomichi Matsuzaki
- Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Masashi Fujita
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Anselmo Jiro Kamada
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hidewaki Nakagawa
- Laboratory for Cancer Genomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Gen Tamiya
- Statistical Genetics Team, RIKEN Center for Advanced Intelligence Project, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Koichi Matsuda
- Laboratory of Molecular Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
- Laboratory for Clinical Genome Sequencing, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Murakami
- Division of Molecular Pathology, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Michiaki Kubo
- RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Amr Aswad
- Institut für Virologie, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Kei Sato
- Division of Systems Virology, Department of Infectious Disease Control, International Research Center for Infectious Diseases, Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Yukihide Momozawa
- Laboratory for Genotyping Development, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Jun Ohashi
- Department of Biological Sciences, Graduate School of Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Chikashi Terao
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Nicholas F. Parrish
- Genome Immunobiology RIKEN Hakubi Research Team, RIKEN Cluster for Pioneering Research and RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- * E-mail:
| | - Yoichiro Kamatani
- Laboratory for Statistical and Translational Genetics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan
- Laboratory of Complex Trait Genomics, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Japan
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Miyake M, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Miura H, Ishihara N, Yoshikawa T. Clinical Features of Complex Febrile Seizure Caused by Primary Human Herpesvirus 6B Infection. Pediatr Neurol 2020; 109:52-55. [PMID: 32381280 DOI: 10.1016/j.pediatrneurol.2020.03.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/14/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is well known that febrile seizures are commonly occur in children with exanthem subitum. In this study, we compared the clinical features and backgrounds of patients with complex febrile seizures with and without primary human herpesvirus 6B infection. METHODS Sixty-two patients were enrolled after experiencing their first febrile seizure. Primary human herpesvirus 6B infection was confirmed when human herpesvirus 6B DNA was detected and human herpesvirus 6B antibody was negative in serum obtained during the acute phase of infection. Patient age, gender, and features of seizures were evaluated between patients with and without human herpesvirus 6B infection. RESULTS Thirty patients with complex febrile seizure were diagnosed with primary human herpesvirus 6B infection. Those with primary human herpesvirus 6B infection (median, 13 months; range, seven to 39 months) were significantly younger than those without primary human herpesvirus 6B infection (median, 19 months; range, 10 to 59 months) (P = 0.001), and the proportion of males was significantly higher in patients without primary human herpesvirus 6B infection (male/female, 25/7) than in those with the infection (male/female, 14/16) (P = 0.017). An interval between fever onset and seizures of more than 24 hours was significantly more common in patients with primary human herpesvirus 6B infection (15 of the 30 patients) than in those without primary HHV-6B infection (two of 32 patients) (P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS A younger age at onset, a different gender ratio compared with febrile seizure due to other causes, and the length of interval between fever and seizures were features of complex febrile seizure associated human herpesvirus 6B infection. These findings may suggest a mechanism of complex febrile seizure onset different from that due to other causes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Misa Miyake
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan.
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan; Department of Pediatrics, Kariya Toyota General Hospital, Kariya, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Naoko Ishihara
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Ihira M, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Hattori F, Higashimoto Y, Sugata K, Ide T, Komoto S, Taniguchi K, Yoshikawa T. Molecular characterization of rotaviruses obtained from patients with rotavirus-associated encephalitis/encephalopathy. Microbiol Immunol 2020; 64:541-555. [PMID: 32511783 DOI: 10.1111/1348-0421.12827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2019] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Group A rotavirus (RVA) rarely causes severe complications such as encephalitis/encephalopathy. However, the pathophysiology of this specific complication remains unclear. Next-generation sequence analysis was used to compare the entire genome sequences of RVAs detected in patients with encephalitis/encephalopathy and gastroenteritis. This study enrolled eight patients with RVA encephalitis/encephalopathy and 10 with RVA gastroenteritis who were treated between February 2013 and July 2014. Viral RNAs were extracted from patients' stool, and whole-genome sequencing analysis was carried out to identify the specific gene mutations in RVA obtained from patients with severe neurological complications. Among the eight encephalitis/encephalopathy cases, six strains were DS-1-like G1P[8] and the remaining two were Wa-like G1P[8] (G1-P[8]-I1-R1-C1-M1-A1-N1-T1-E1-H1). Meanwhile, eight of the 10 viruses detected in rotavirus gastroenteritis patients were DS-1-like G1P[8], and the remaining two were Wa-like G1P[8]. These strains were further characterized by conducting phylogenetic analysis. No specific clustering was demonstrated in RVAs detected from encephalitis/encephalopathy patients. Although the DS-1-like G1P[8] strain was predominant in both groups, no specific molecular characteristics were detected in RVAs from patients with severe central nervous system complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ken Sugata
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tomihiko Ide
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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Murtada SI, Kawamura Y, Caulk AW, Ahmadzadeh H, Mikush N, Zimmerman K, Kavanagh D, Weiss D, Latorre M, Zhuang ZW, Shadel GS, Braddock DT, Humphrey JD. Paradoxical aortic stiffening and subsequent cardiac dysfunction in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. J R Soc Interface 2020; 17:20200066. [PMID: 32453981 DOI: 10.1098/rsif.2020.0066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is an ultra-rare disorder with devastating sequelae resulting in early death, presently thought to stem primarily from cardiovascular events. We analyse novel longitudinal cardiovascular data from a mouse model of HGPS (LmnaG609G/G609G) using allometric scaling, biomechanical phenotyping, and advanced computational modelling and show that late-stage diastolic dysfunction, with preserved systolic function, emerges with an increase in the pulse wave velocity and an associated loss of aortic function, independent of sex. Specifically, there is a dramatic late-stage loss of smooth muscle function and cells and an excessive accumulation of proteoglycans along the aorta, which result in a loss of biomechanical function (contractility and elastic energy storage) and a marked structural stiffening despite a distinctly low intrinsic material stiffness that is consistent with the lack of functional lamin A. Importantly, the vascular function appears to arise normally from the low-stress environment of development, only to succumb progressively to pressure-related effects of the lamin A mutation and become extreme in the peri-morbid period. Because the dramatic life-threatening aortic phenotype manifests during the last third of life there may be a therapeutic window in maturity that could alleviate concerns with therapies administered during early periods of arterial development.
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Affiliation(s)
- S-I Murtada
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Y Kawamura
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - A W Caulk
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - H Ahmadzadeh
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - N Mikush
- Translational Research Imaging Center, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - K Zimmerman
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Kavanagh
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - D Weiss
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - M Latorre
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Z W Zhuang
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - G S Shadel
- Molecular and Cellular Biology, Salk Institute for Biological Studies, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - D T Braddock
- Department of Pathology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - J D Humphrey
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA.,Vascular Biology and Therapeutics Program, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
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Fukuda S, Tacharoenmuang R, Guntapong R, Upachai S, Singchai P, Ide T, Hatazawa R, Sutthiwarakom K, Kongjorn S, Onvimala N, Ruchusatsawast K, Rungnopakun P, Mekmallika J, Kawamura Y, Motomura K, Tatsumi M, Takeda N, Murata T, Yoshikawa T, Uppapong B, Taniguchi K, Komoto S. Full genome characterization of novel DS-1-like G9P[8] rotavirus strains that have emerged in Thailand. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0231099. [PMID: 32320419 PMCID: PMC7176146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0231099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of unusual DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant rotaviruses having G1/3/8 genotypes have been recently reported from major parts of the world (Africa, Asia, Australia, Europe, and the Americas). During rotavirus surveillance in Thailand, three novel intergenogroup reassortant strains possessing the G9P[8] genotype (DBM2017-016, DBM2017-203, and DBM2018-291) were identified in three stool specimens from diarrheic children. In the present study, we determined and analyzed the full genomes of these three strains. On full-genomic analysis, all three strains were found to share a unique genotype constellation comprising both genogroup 1 and 2 genes: G9-P[8]-I2-R2-C2-M2-A2-N2-T2-E2-H2. Phylogenetic analysis demonstrated that each of the 11 genes of the three strains was closely related to that of emerging DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant, human, and/or locally circulating human strains. Thus, the three strains were suggested to be multiple reassortants that had acquired the G9-VP7 genes from co-circulating Wa-like G9P[8] rotaviruses in the genetic background of DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant (likely equine-like G3P[8]) strains. To our knowledge, this is the first description of emerging DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant strains having the G9P[8] genotype. Our observations will add to the growing insights into the dynamic evolution of emerging DS-1-like intergenogroup reassortant rotaviruses through reassortment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saori Fukuda
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ratana Tacharoenmuang
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ratigorn Guntapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Sompong Upachai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Phakapun Singchai
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Tomihiko Ide
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- Center for Research Promotion and Support, Joint Research Support Promotion Facility, Fujita Health University, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Riona Hatazawa
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Karun Sutthiwarakom
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Santip Kongjorn
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Napa Onvimala
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | | | | | | | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazushi Motomura
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, Thailand
- Osaka Institute of Public Health, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masashi Tatsumi
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Naokazu Takeda
- Thailand-Japan Research Collaboration Center on Emerging and Re-emerging Infections, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Takayuki Murata
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Ballang Uppapong
- National Institute of Health, Department of Medical Sciences, Nonthaburi, Thailand
| | - Koki Taniguchi
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Satoshi Komoto
- Department of Virology and Parasitology, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
- * E-mail:
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Kozawa K, Miura H, Kawamura Y, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Higashimoto Y, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. Frequency of subclinical herpes zoster in pediatric hematology-oncology patients receiving chemotherapy: A retrospective cohort analysis. J Med Virol 2019; 92:1260-1265. [PMID: 31821586 DOI: 10.1002/jmv.25650] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) reactivation from the enteric nervous system can cause ileus (Ogilvie's syndrome) in adult patients. Since no pediatric cases have been described, we sought to retrospectively analyze VZV reactivation in pediatric hematology-oncology patients to determine whether VZV infection including subclinical VZV reactivation can induce gastrointestinal complications such as Ogilvie's syndrome. Thirty-five patients who received chemotherapy at our institution between September 2013 and June 2018 were included. Serum samples were collected weekly during hospitalization and every 3 months during outpatient maintenance chemotherapy. A real-time polymerase chain reaction assay was used to measure VZV DNA load in serum. The clinical features of patients with VZV infection were retrospectively analyzed. Of 1165 serum samples, 7 (0.6%) were positive for VZV DNA. VZV DNA was detected in 3 of 35 patients. In patient A, VZV DNA was detected during two episodes. The first episode involved varicella-like eruptions caused by the Oka VZV vaccine strain. The second episode involved herpes zoster (HZ) caused by the same strain. Patients B and C had a clinical course that was typical for HZ caused by wild-type VZV. No gastrointestinal symptoms were observed at the time of VZV infection in these three patients. VZV DNA was not detected in any other samples. No pediatric cases with Ogilvie's syndrome caused by VZV reactivation were demonstrated in this cohort. Additionally, no subclinical VZV reactivation was found in this cohort. Further study is needed to elucidate the precise incidence of pediatric Ogilvie's syndrome caused by VZV reactivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Yuki Higashimoto
- Faculty of Medical Technology, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Medical Sciences, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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48
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Kawamura Y. Mechanical feedback cooling assisted by optical cavity cooling of the thermal vibration of a microcantilever. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19094. [PMID: 31836770 PMCID: PMC6910902 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55496-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
This study describes a new two-step process to cool the thermal vibration of microcantilevers. The process combines active mechanical feedback cooling and optical cavity cooling. A micro-Fabry–Perot interferometer, built in-house, is set atop a microcantilever to measure the vibration amplitude, the high optical power density of which induces cavity cooling in the optical cavity. Using a two-step cooling procedure, the equivalent temperature of the thermal vibration of a microcantilever is lowered from room temperature to the theoretical cooling limit of 0.063 K, a much lower temperature than that achieved via simple cavity cooling (18 K), and then by mechanical feedback cooling (0.135 K) obtained for the same type of microcantilevers in previous studies. This experimental demonstration showcases a new type of cooling process of the amplitude of thermal vibration for micro-mechanical resonators to a lower temperature and does not need additional cooling using a conventional cryogenic refrigerator.
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Miura H, Kawamura Y, Hattori F, Tanaka M, Kudo K, Ihira M, Yatsuya H, Takahashi Y, Kojima S, Sakaguchi H, Yoshida N, Hama A, Yoshikawa T. Human herpesvirus-6B infection in pediatric allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplant patients: Risk factors and encephalitis. Transpl Infect Dis 2019; 22:e13203. [PMID: 31650671 DOI: 10.1111/tid.13203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Revised: 10/09/2019] [Accepted: 10/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Human herpesvirus-6B (HHV-6B) infection after allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (allo-HSCT) is known to be associated with post-transplant limbic encephalitis in adults. Meanwhile, the association between HHV-6B infection and central nervous system complications remains unclear in pediatric allo-HSCT patients. METHODS In this study, HHV-6B infection was monitored for more than 50 days after HSCT using virus isolation and real-time PCR. Clinical information such as patient background and encephalitis status was collected retrospectively from medical records. Risk factors for HHV-6B infection were determined by the Cox proportional hazards model, and the clinical features of HHV-6B encephalitis in pediatric allo-HSCT patients were elucidated. RESULTS Human herpesvirus-6B infection was observed in 74 (33.8%) of 219 patients at 3-47 days (median 18, interquartile range 13-20). Risk factors identified in multivariable analysis were hematological malignancy (hazards ratio [HR], 5.0; 95% confidence interval [CI], 2.3/12.5; P < .0001), solid tumor (HR, 4.8; CI, 1.5/16.3; P = .0104), unrelated donor (HR, 2.1; CI, 1.0/4.6; P = .0378), and sex-mismatched donor (HR 1.8; CI, 1.1/3.0; P = .0257). HHV-6B encephalitis occurred in only one of the 219 patients (0.46%); this patient demonstrated the typical clinical course of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome. CONCLUSION Hematological malignancy, solid tumor, unrelated donor, and sex-mismatched donor were significant risk factors for HHV-6B infection after pediatric allo-HSCT. In pediatric allo-HSCT patients, the incidence of HHV-6B encephalitis was low and the clinical features differed from those in adult patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Miura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiki Kawamura
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Fumihiko Hattori
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Makito Tanaka
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Kazuko Kudo
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, Fujita Health University School of Health Sciences, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Yatsuya
- Department of Public Health, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Takahashi
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Seiji Kojima
- Department of Pediatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hirotoshi Sakaguchi
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Nao Yoshida
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Asahito Hama
- Department of Hematology and Oncology, Children's Medical Center, Japanese Red Cross Nagoya First Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Tetsushi Yoshikawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Fujita Health University School of Medicine, Toyoake, Japan
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Hattori F, Kawamura Y, Miura H, Kozawa K, Ihira M, Yoshikawa T. 2323. Clinical Characteristics and Disease Burden of Epstein–Barr Virus and Four β-Herpes Viruses Infections in Children Visiting Emergency Room. Open Forum Infect Dis 2019. [PMCID: PMC6810158 DOI: 10.1093/ofid/ofz360.2001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
It is well known that most of infants and young children with primary EBV and CMV infection are inapparent, and primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infection cause exanthema subitum (ES). However, the precise incidence of apparent infection of these viruses remains unclear. Therefore, we sought to elucidate clinical features and disease burdens of these viral infections in febrile children visiting emergency room (ER).
Methods
Between June 2015 and December 2017, febrile children under 5 years old, who visited ER and received hematological examination, were enrolled in this study. Detection of serum viral DNAs using real-time PCR and measurement of antibody titers in acute-phase serum were carried out. Clinical information was collected from the medical records.
Results
In total of the 905 cases, EBV, CMV, HHV-6B and HHV-7 were detected in 18 cases (2%), 12 cases (1.3%), 104 cases (11.5%) and 23 cases (2.5%), respectively. No HHV-6A DNA was detected. Primary infection rates among EBV, CMV, HHV-6B and HHV-7-infected patients accounted for 44%, 25%, 91% and 57%, respectively. Admission rates of the primary-infected patients were 88% of EBV, 68% of CMV, 66% of HHV-6B and 42% of HHV-7, respectively. Five of the 8 cases (62.5%) of primary EBV-infected patients demonstrated typical clinical course of infectious mononucleosis (IM); however, no IM patient was seen in 9 patients with viral reactivation. No IM case was observed in CMV-infected patients, regardless of primary infection or reactivation. Clinical characteristics were compared between patients with primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infections because of similarity of clinical features. Average age (1.5 vs. 2.8 years old; P < 0.001), duration of fever (4.5 vs. 2.9 days; P < 0.001), the highest body temperature (40.2 vs. 39.6°C; P < 0.001), and the frequency of typical skin rash (ES) (87% vs. 54%; P < 0.001) were statistically different between the two viral infections. The main reason for admission due to primary HHV-6B and HHV-7 infection was complex-type febrile seizure (58.7 vs. 66.7%; P = 0.705).
Conclusion
The clinical features and disease burden of the 5 human herpesviruses infections were elucidated in the febrile children visiting ER.
Disclosures
All authors: No reported disclosures.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kei Kozawa
- Department of Pediatrics, Kariya, Aichi, Japan
| | - Masaru Ihira
- Faculty of Clinical Engineering, toyoake, Aichi, Japan
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