1
|
Yu NKK, Shum KKM, Lam YY, Kwan QKL, Ng SYP, Chan NTT. Sensitivity Training for Mothers With Premature Infants: A Randomized Controlled Trial. J Pediatr Psychol 2022; 47:1167-1184. [PMID: 35666133 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsac051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2021] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This single-blind parallel design randomized controlled trial evaluated the feasibility and effectiveness of a modified version of the Mother-Infant Transaction Program (MITP) in enhancing Chinese mothers' sensitivity towards their premature infants' physiological and social cues. METHODS Sixty mothers of hospitalized premature infants (mean gestational age = 32.1 weeks; SD = 2.8) were randomly assigned to either the MITP group or the treatment-as-usual control group. The intervention group (n = 30) received four sessions of parental sensitivity training adapted from the MITP, delivered by clinical psychologists before the infants were discharged. The control group (n = 30) received standard care provided by the hospitals. Each dyad was assessed at baseline (Time 1), immediately after intervention (Time 2), and when the infants were at the gestation-corrected ages of 3, 6, 9, and 12 months (Times 3-6). Maternal sensitivity, mother-infant interaction quality, parenting stress, postpartum depression, and mother's perception of infant's temperament were measured at Times 1-4, whereas infants' weight gain and developmental performance were assessed at Times 3-6. RESULTS The MITP group showed significantly higher maternal sensitivity and better mother-infant interaction quality after completing the training. They also reported less parenting stress and postnatal depression than the control group at Time 2 and subsequent follow-ups. The intervention significantly predicted better weight gain and developmental outcomes in infants across Times 3-6, mediated by maternal wellbeing and interaction quality. CONCLUSION Our results demonstrated the feasibility and effectiveness of this adapted sensitivity training among Chinese mothers with premature infants. [ClinicalTrials.gov NCT04383340].
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nicky Ka Ki Yu
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong.,Department of Clinical Psychology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | - Yuen Yu Lam
- Department of Pediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
2
|
Pang GSW, Lee CY, Fu ACC, Tsang JWY, Yau KHC, Belaramani K, Wong LM, But BWM, Chow JCK, Wong SMY, Cheung PCH, Lo PWC, Ng KL, Tung JYL, Poon SWY, Chan KT, Chan AMK, Wong SWC, Tay MK, Chung YK, Lam YY, Kwan EYW. Review on the Screening of Urine Glucose in School Children and Adolescents With Obesity for Early Diagnosis of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in Hong Kong. J Endocr Soc 2021. [PMCID: PMC8265888 DOI: 10.1210/jendso/bvab048.926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) are growing health concerns. A ten-fold increase of T2DM was noted in the Hong Kong paediatric population from 1997 to 2007. T2DM is often asymptomatic at presentation, but complications can emerge rapidly, especially in youngsters. Experience in Japan, Korea and Taiwan suggests that urine glucose screening is a practical and non-invasive screening tool for identification of T2DM. The Hong Kong Student Health Service (SHS) offers yearly health checks for students and is a good platform for screening of T2DM since attendance rate is over 90% for primary school students and over 70% for secondary school students. Method: In 2005, SHS and the Hong Kong Paediatric Society formulated a protocol on urine glucose screening for early diagnosis of T2DM in students with obesity. Students between the ages of 10–18 years old with age- and sex- specific body mass index (BMI) >97th percentile were recruited. Those screened positive for glycosuria were referred to paediatric departments for workup under a standardized protocol, whilst those who screened positive for both glucose and ketones were referred to the emergency departments. Students enrolled from school year 2005–2006 to 2017–2018 were included. Demographic data, clinical presentation, investigatory results and co-morbidities were captured using a structured reply letter. Results: A total of 219,276 eligible students attended SHS in the years specified and 216,528 students (99%) completed urine glucose screening. 381 (0.18%) students were tested positive for urine glucose; 18 (4.7%) had concomitant urine ketones. In total 120 students had T2DM, 41 had pre-diabetes [impaired fasting glucose and /or impaired glucose tolerance] and 126 turned out normal. 43 students defaulted the referrals and 51 students had known diabetes. 21 students (17.5%) were started on insulin therapy upon diagnosis. A significant proportion of students with T2DM had co-morbidities including raised alanine amino-transferase (57%), hypercholesterolaemia (59%), and hypertension (13%). Five students (4.2%) had microalbuminuria at presentation. Of those with ketonuria, two students had serum glucose of over 20mmol/L and required fluid resuscitation ± insulin infusion in high dependency unit. Conclusion: Our pick up rate for T2DM from students with obesity aged 10–18 years using urine glucose is 0.05% (120/216,528). According to the Hong Kong Childhood Diabetes Registry, the crude incidence of T2DM for this age group was 6.16 /100,000/year over the study period, which equates to 506 new cases of T2DM. Thus 24% of the new T2DM cases were diagnosed by this program and many had associated co-morbidities at diagnosis. Our study shows that urine glucose testing is an inexpensive and simple test that allows for early diagnosis and treatment of T2DM in the primary care setting in this at risk population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Kwong Tat Chan
- Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, HKSAR, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
3
|
To KK, Chua GT, Kwok KL, Wong JS, Au DCY, Lam YY, Wong WH, Ho MH, Chan GC, Chui CS, Li X, Tung KT, Wong RS, Tso WW, Wong IC, Wong CS, Fong CH, Chan KH, Yuen KY, Ip P, Kwan MY. False-positive SARS-CoV-2 serology in 3 children with Kawasaki disease. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2020; 98:115141. [PMID: 32795776 PMCID: PMC7366972 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2020.115141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Kawasaki disease (KD) is an acute febrile and eruptive disease with systemic vasculitis predominantly affecting young East Asian children. Recent reports showed that children with KD-like disease from KD low prevalence regions had positive SARS-CoV-2 serology despite a negative SARS-CoV-2 polymerase chain reaction (PCR) in respiratory samples. OBJECTIVES To describe 3 pediatric Kawasaki Disease patients with false positive SARS-CoV-2 serology. STUDY DESIGN We retrospectively recruited children with KD diagnosed during the COVID-19 outbreak in Hong Kong. Clinical characteristics and laboratory test results including SARS-CoV-2 PCR results were retrieved. We performed a microparticle-based immunoassay for the detection of IgG against nucleoprotein (NP) and spike protein receptor binding domain (RBD), and a microneutralization assay for the detection of neutralizing antibodies. RESULTS Three Chinese children with typical KD were identified. They had no epidemiological links with COVID-19 patients and tested negative for SARS-CoV-2 NPA PCR. They were treated with IVIG and aspirin, and were discharged without complications. Subsequently 2 of them were tested positive against anti-RBD and anti-NP antibodies and 1 was tested positive against anti- RBD antibodies. However, microneutralization assay showed that neutralizing antibodies were absent, suggesting a false-positive IgG result. CONCLUSION Detection of neutralizing antibodies is recommended to confirm previous SARS-CoV-2 infection in IgG-positive but PCR-negative patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kelvin Kw To
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Gilbert T Chua
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ka Li Kwok
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Joshua Sc Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Dennis Chi Yu Au
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Yuen Yu Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Wilfred Hs Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Marco Hk Ho
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Godfrey Cf Chan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Celine Sl Chui
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Xue Li
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China; Centre for Safe Medication Practice and Research, Department of Pharmacology and Pharmacy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Keith Ts Tung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Rosa S Wong
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Winnie Wy Tso
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Ian Ck Wong
- Research Department of Practice and Policy, UCL School of Pharmacy, University College, London, United Kingdom
| | | | - Carol Hy Fong
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kwok Hung Chan
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China
| | - Kwok Yung Yuen
- Department of Microbiology, Carol Yu Centre for Infection, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Patrick Ip
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| | - Mike Yw Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Hong Kong, SAR, China.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Cheng WLS, Ma PK, Lam YY, Ng KC, Ling TK, Yau WH, Chui YW, Tsui HM, Li PP. Effects of Senior Simulation Suit Programme on nursing students' attitudes towards older adults: A randomized controlled trial. Nurse Educ Today 2020; 88:104330. [PMID: 32193071 DOI: 10.1016/j.nedt.2020.104330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2019] [Revised: 11/01/2019] [Accepted: 01/02/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND As populations age worldwide, nursing educational institutions need to train nurses not only to provide health care services specific to the elderly, but also to have a positive attitude as they work. The present study aimed to investigate the efficacy of a Senior Simulation Suit Programme (SSSP). The SSSP, which focused on mimicking the physiological experiences of an 80 year-old person, was hypothesized to increase the wearer's positive attitude towards older adult care. METHODS A single-blinded, randomized controlled trial was used to evaluate the efficacies of SSSP. One hundred and thirty-nine (139) nursing students were randomly assigned to either SSSP group (n = 69) or to a control group (n = 70) with "placebo clothing", i.e. clothing that mimicked old age but did not actually impair faculties. Two instruments-Kogan Attitudes Towards Old People Scale (KAOP) and a 1-item scale on Willingness To Care for Older People Scale (WCOP)-were used for data collection at baseline and at completion of SSSP. A Chinese version of Palmore's Facts Aging Quiz (C-FAQ) was used to assess nursing students' knowledge about adult care, and a questionnaire was developed to collect demographic information at baseline. RESULTS No significant difference between the two groups was found. A significant increase of positive attitudes and of willingness to serve older adults was found in both the control group and the group wearing SSSP. CONCLUSION Both the SSSP and control intervention could improve the attitudes of nursing students towards older adult care. This study suggests that wearing whatever the nursing students associate with being old, will improve their attitude towards older adult care.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - P K Ma
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - Y Y Lam
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | - K C Ng
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | | | - W H Yau
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| | | | | | - P P Li
- Hospital Authority, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Lau WL, Yung WY, Leung WC, Kan A, Chan K, Luk HM, Kan E, Lam YY. Prenatal diagnosis of familial atretic encephalocele. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2019; 54:277-279. [PMID: 30151917 DOI: 10.1002/uog.20109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2018] [Revised: 08/01/2018] [Accepted: 08/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- W L Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - W Y Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - A Kan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR
| | - K Chan
- Prenatal Diagnostic Laboratory, Obstetrics and Gynecology, Tsan Yuk Hospital, Sai Ying Pun, Hong Kong SAR
| | - H M Luk
- Clinical Genetic Service, Hong Kong SAR
| | - E Kan
- Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Y Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Lam YY, Ravussin E. Indirect calorimetry: an indispensable tool to understand and predict obesity. Eur J Clin Nutr 2016; 71:318-322. [DOI: 10.1038/ejcn.2016.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2016] [Accepted: 10/10/2016] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
|
7
|
Chan AOK, But WM, Lee CY, Lam YY, Ng KL, Loung PY, Lam A, Cheng CW, Shek CC, Wong WS, Wong KF, Wong MY, Tse WY. Aetiological bases of 46,XY disorders of sex development in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Hong Kong Med J 2015; 21:499-510. [PMID: 26492835 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj144402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Disorders of sex development are due to congenital defects in chromosomal, gonadal, or anatomical sex development. The objective of this study was to determine the aetiology of this group of disorders in the Hong Kong Chinese population. SETTING Five public hospitals in Hong Kong. PATIENTS Patients with 46,XY disorders of sex development under the care of paediatric endocrinologists between July 2009 and June 2011. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Measurement of serum gonadotropins, adrenal and testicular hormones, and urinary steroid profiling. Mutational analysis of genes involved in sexual differentiation by direct DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification. RESULTS Overall, 64 patients were recruited for the study. Their age at presentation ranged from birth to 17 years. The majority presented with ambiguous external genitalia including micropenis and severe hypospadias. A few presented with delayed puberty and primary amenorrhea. Baseline and post-human chorionic gonadotropin-stimulated testosterone and dihydrotestosterone levels were not discriminatory in patients with or without AR gene mutations. Of the patients, 22 had a confirmed genetic disease, with 11 having 5α-reductase 2 deficiency, seven with androgen insensitivity syndrome, one each with cholesterol side-chain cleavage enzyme deficiency, Frasier syndrome, NR5A1-related sex reversal, and persistent Müllerian duct syndrome. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that 5α-reductase 2 deficiency and androgen insensitivity syndrome are possibly the two most common causes of 46,XY disorders of sex development in the Hong Kong Chinese population. Since hormonal findings can be unreliable, mutational analysis of the SRD5A2 and AR genes should be considered the first-line tests for these patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel O K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W M But
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lee
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Shamshuipo, Hong Kong
| | - Y Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Kwong Wah Hospital, Yaumatei, Hong Kong
| | - K L Ng
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - P Y Loung
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Princess Margaret Hospital, Laichikok, Hong Kong
| | - Aimen Lam
- Department of Paediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, United Christian Hospital, Kwun Tong, Hong Kong
| | - C W Cheng
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - C C Shek
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W S Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - K F Wong
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - M Y Wong
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| | - W Y Tse
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Jordan, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Vwy L, Chau R, Cheung H, Yu CM, Lam YY, Yan BP. Does the Current Recommended Target LDL Goal Improve Survival for Acute Coronary Syndrome Patients in Hong Kong? Value Health 2014; 17:A723. [PMID: 27202567 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Lee Vwy
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - R Chau
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - H Cheung
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - C M Yu
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - Y Y Lam
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - B P Yan
- The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Lee VW, Chiu LY, Chung SL, Lau CY, Yousaf S, Wong H, Lam YY, Yan BP. Clnical Management Of Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation In Hong Kong. Value Health 2014; 17:A483. [PMID: 27201416 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2014.08.1407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- V W Lee
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - L Y Chiu
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S L Chung
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - C Y Lau
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - S Yousaf
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - H Wong
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Y Y Lam
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| | - B P Yan
- Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, Hong Kong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yung WK, Hui W, Chan YT, Lo TK, Tai SM, Sing C, Lam YY, Lo CM, Lau WL, Leung WC. Social obstetrics: non-local expectant mothers admitted through accident and emergency department in a public hospital in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2014; 20:213-21. [PMID: 24812199 DOI: 10.12809/hkmj134181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To review the pregnancy outcomes of non-booked, non-local pregnant women delivering in Kwong Wah Hospital via admission to the Accident and Emergency Department 1 year after the announcement by the Hospital Authority to stop antenatal booking for non-eligible persons; and to perform a literature review of local studies about non-eligible person deliveries over the last decade. DESIGN Case series. SETTING A public hospital in Hong Kong. PARTICIPANTS All women who held the People's Republic of China passport or the two-way permit and those non-eligible persons whose spouses were Hong Kong Identity Card holders, who delivered in Kwong Wah Hospital from 1 April 2011 to 31 March 2012. RESULTS Overall, 219 women who were non-eligible persons delivered 221 live births during the study period. Compared with the annual statistics of Kwong Wah Hospital in 2011, non-local mothers were of higher parity; more likely to have hypertensive disease (including pre-eclamptic toxaemia), preterm deliveries (ie at <37 weeks), babies needing admission to the special care baby unit, and macrosomic babies (ie weighing >4.0 kg). The rates of induction of labour and caesarean section were lower in this group. There was no significant difference in the maternal and neonatal outcomes between women who had no booking and those who had a booking in another Hospital Authority or private hospital. There were many incidents of near-miss obstetric complications or suboptimally managed obstetric conditions due to lack of well-structured and continuous antenatal care in this group of non-eligible persons. CONCLUSION Non-eligible person delivering babies in Hong Kong has become a social obstetrics phenomenon. Despite the introduction of policies, reduction in the number of deliveries (quantity) did not improve the obstetric outcomes (quality). Health care professionals should continue to be prepared for managing the potential near-miss clinical complications in this group of 'travelling mothers'.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W K Yung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - Winnie Hui
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - Y T Chan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - T K Lo
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - S M Tai
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - C Sing
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - Y Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - C M Lo
- Department of Accident and Emergency, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - W L Lau
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| | - W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
But WM, Chan A, Lee CY, Lam A, Lam YY, Loung PY, Ng KL, Wong MY, Chan KT, Tse WY, Shek CC. Etiologies of 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD): a collaborative study in Hong Kong. Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3850129 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2013-s1-p185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
|
12
|
Chan AOK, But WM, Lee CY, Lam YY, Ng KL, Tung J, Cheung PT, Chan D, Tse WY, Shek CC. Diagnosis of 5α–reductase 2 deficiency: is measurement of dihydrotestosterone essential? Int J Pediatr Endocrinol 2013. [PMCID: PMC3892203 DOI: 10.1186/1687-9856-2013-s1-p186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
|
13
|
Chan AOK, But BWM, Lee CY, Lam YY, Ng KL, Tung JYL, Kwan EYW, Chan YK, Tsui TKC, Lam ALN, Tse WY, Cheung PT, Shek CC. Diagnosis of 5α-Reductase 2 Deficiency: Is Measurement of Dihydrotestosterone Essential? Clin Chem 2013; 59:798-806. [DOI: 10.1373/clinchem.2012.196501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND
5α-Reductase 2 deficiency (5ARD) is a known cause of 46,XY disorders of sex development (DSD). Traditionally, the diagnosis relies on dihydrotestosterone (DHT) measurement, but the results are often equivocal, potentially leading to misdiagnosis. We reviewed alternative approaches for diagnosis of 5ARD.
METHODS
We conducted a retrospective review of the results of urinary steroid profiling (USP) by GC-MS and mutational analysis of SRD5A2 [steroid-5-alpha-reductase, alpha polypeptide 2 (3-oxo-5 alpha-steroid delta 4-dehydrogenase alpha 2)] by PCR and direct DNA sequencing of all 46,XY DSD patients referred to our laboratory with biochemical and/or genetic findings compatible with 5ARD. We also performed a literature review on the laboratory findings of all 5ARD cases reported in the past 10 years.
RESULTS
Of 16 patients diagnosed with 5ARD between January 2003 and July 2012, 15 underwent USP, and all showed characteristically low 5α- to 5β-reduced steroid metabolite ratios. Four patients had DHT measured, but 2 did not reach the diagnostic cutoff. In all 12 patients who underwent genetic analysis, 2 mutations of the SRD5A2 gene were detected to confirm the diagnosis. Twenty-four publications involving 149 patients with 5ARD were published in the review period. Fewer than half of these patients had DHT tested. Nearly 95% of them had the diagnosis confirmed genetically.
CONCLUSIONS
5ARD can be confidently diagnosed by USP at 3 months postnatally and confirmed by mutational analysis of SRD5A2. Interpretation of DHT results may be problematic and is not essential in the diagnosis of 5ARD. We propose new diagnostic algorithms for 46,XY DSD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Yuen Yu Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Kwok Leung Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Elaine Yin Wah Kwan
- Department of Paediatrics, Pamela Youde Nethersole Eastern Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Yuk Kit Chan
- Department of Medicine, Caritas Medical Centre, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Almen Lai Na Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, United Christian Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | | | - Pik To Cheung
- Department of Paediatrics, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| | - Chi Chung Shek
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong SAR
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Shang Q, Yip GWK, Tam LS, Zhang Q, Sanderson JE, Lam YY, Li CM, Wang T, Li EKM, Yu CM. SLICC/ACR damage index independently associated with left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. Lupus 2012; 21:1057-62. [PMID: 22554929 DOI: 10.1177/0961203312446628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Left ventricular (LV) diastolic dysfunction has been reported in both active and inactive systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients without clinical evidence of cardiovascular disease. However, the relationship between the long-term inflammatory burden reflected by the SLICC/ACR damage index and LV diastolic function has not been studied. Eighty-two SLE patients and 82 controls matched for age, sex, body mass index, blood pressure and heart rate underwent echocardiography with tissue Doppler imaging (TDI). LV diastolic function was estimated by the myocardial early diastolic velocity (E') at the lateral annulus. There were 51 patients (62.2%) with nephritis, 23 patients (28.0%) with hypertension, 21 patients (25.6%) with vasculitis, 16 patients (19.5%) with pulmonary hypertension, 4 patients (4.9%) with cerebrovascular disease and 2 patients (2.4%) with diabetes mellitus. Sixty-two patients (75.6%) were taking prednisone and 35 patients (42.7%) used a immunosuppressant. Forty-five patients (54.8%) had active disease and suffered from disease-related end-organ damage. Patients with SLICC/ACR damage index ≥1 had more evidence of LV diastolic dysfunction with lower lateral annulus E' (9.6 ± 3.4 vs 12.9 ± 3.5 cm/s, p < 0.001) than those without. In addition, the proportion of patients with abnormal LV myocardial relaxation (defined as lateral E' < 10.0 cm/s) (51.1% vs 16.2%, χ(2) = 10.8, p = 0.001) were significantly higher. Multivariate analysis showed that the SLICC/ACR damage index ≥1 was independently associated with LV diastolic dysfunction (OR = 3.80, 95%CI: 1.21-11.95, p = 0.023) after adjusting for hypertension, disease duration and medical therapy. This may suggest that the overall inflammatory burden in SLE, as reflected by SLICC/ACR damage index, is associated with the development of diastolic dysfunction in SLE patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Q Shang
- Division of Cardiology The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
15
|
Chan AOK, But WM, Ng KL, Wong LM, Lam YY, Tiu SC, Lee KF, Lee CY, Loung PY, Berry IR, Brown R, Charlton R, Cheng CW, Ho YC, Tse WY, Shek CC. Molecular analysis of congenital adrenal hyperplasia due to 21-hydroxylase deficiency in Hong Kong Chinese patients. Steroids 2011; 76:1057-62. [PMID: 21570420 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2011.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2011] [Revised: 04/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/20/2011] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) caused by 21-hydroxylase deficiency (21OHD) is an autosomal recessive disorder due to mutation in the CYP21A2 gene. OBJECTIVE To elucidate the genetic basis of 21-hydroxylase-deficient CAH in Hong Kong Chinese patients. PATIENTS AND METHODS Mutational analysis of the CYP21A2 gene was performed on 35 Hong Kong Chinese patients with 21OHD using direct DNA sequencing and multiplex ligation-dependent probe amplification (MLPA). RESULTS The genetic findings of 21 male and 14 female patients are the following: c.293-13A/C>G (intron 2 splice site; 20 alleles), p.I172N (13), p.R356W (7), p.Q318X (4). A total of 20 mutant alleles contained gross deletion/conversion of all or part of the CYP21A2 gene. A novel mutation, c.1367delA (p.D456fs), was detected in one patient. One patient had only a heterozygous mutation detected. Out of 35 patients, 16 would have been incorrectly genotyped if either DNA sequencing or MLPA alone was used for molecular analysis. CONCLUSIONS The frequency of various mutations in the studied patients differs from those reported in other Asian populations. Gross deletion/conversion accounts for nearly one-third of the genetic defects. Therefore, laboratories must include methods for detecting point mutations as well as gross deletions/conversions to avoid misinterpretation of genotype. Genotyping has increasingly been proven to be a useful tool for supplementing, if not replacing, hormonal profiling for the diagnosis of 21OHD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel O K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
16
|
Chan AOK, But BWM, Lau GTC, Lam ALN, Ng KL, Lam YY, Lee CY, Shek CC. Diagnosis of 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency: a local experience. Hong Kong Med J 2009; 15:130-135. [PMID: 19342739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
5Alpha-reductase 2 deficiency is an autosomal recessive disorder characterised by lack of masculinisation in XY individuals due to failure to convert testosterone to dihydrotestosterone, the bioactive androgen. Traditionally, the testosterone-to-dihydrotestosterone ratio is used to diagnose this condition but interpreting these results is not always straightforward, thus they may be inconclusive. On the contrary, urinary steroid profiling unambiguously demonstrates a significantly reduced excretion of 5alpha-reduced steroid metabolites compared to their 5beta counterparts. This analytical technique can also simultaneously confirm or rule out other causes of ambiguous genitalia due to steroidogenic defects. Making a DNA-based diagnosis by studying the SRD5A2 gene has become increasingly popular. Here, we report six Chinese patients from different families who were all diagnosed with 5alpha-reductase 2 deficiency based on urinary steroid profile findings and mutational analysis of the SRD5A2 gene. R227Q was the most commonly identified mutation in these patients. Management of sexual development disorders is also discussed.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Angel O K Chan
- Department of Pathology, Queen Elizabeth Hospital, Gascoigne Road, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lam YY, Chan JYS. An unusual case of non-malignant superior vena cava obstruction. Hong Kong Med J 2006; 12:232-4. [PMID: 16760555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023] Open
Abstract
An 81-year-old Chinese woman presented with a 1-week history of increasing facial puffiness. She had 2:1 second-degree heart block and a permanent pacemaker that had been inserted 3 years previously because of syncopal episodes. Physical examination revealed facial plethora, dilated upper trunk veins, and oedematous upper limbs suggestive of superior vena cava obstruction syndrome. This was confirmed on urgent computed tomographic scan of the thorax. There was no evidence of extrinsic compression or formation of intraluminal thrombus. The underlying aetiology was a pacemaker-induced fibrotic stricture that was successfully treated with balloon venoplasty. At 3-month follow-up, the patient remained symptom-free with normal pacemaker function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Lam
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine and Therapeutics, Prince of Wales Hospital, Shatin, Hong Kong.
| | | |
Collapse
|
18
|
Lam YY, Lo IFM, Shek CC, Tong TMF, Ng DKK, Tong TF, Choi MS, Lam STS, Ho CS. Triple-A syndrome--the first Chinese patient with novel mutations in the AAAS gene. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2006; 19:765-70. [PMID: 16789645 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2006.19.5.765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
We report on the first Chinese patient with triple-A syndrome, who presented at 22 months with status epilepticus secondary to hyponatraemia and hypoglycaemia. Subsequent endocrine investigations confirmed primary adrenal insufficiency and aldosterone deficiency. In the presence of achalasia and alacrima, this patient satisfies the diagnostic criteria of triple-A syndrome. Further molecular testing detected compound heterozygous mutations in the AAAS gene: a c.580C --> T transition in exon 7 and a c.771delG single nucleotide deletion in exon 8. Testing of parents and brother confirmed their heterozygous carrier status.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Y Y Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Ng DKK, Lam YY, Kwok KL, Chow PY. Obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome and obesity in children. Hong Kong Med J 2004; 10:44-8. [PMID: 14967855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To review data on children who have both obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. DATA SOURCE Pubmed and MEDLINE (Ovid) literature search using the following key words: obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, obesity, and children. STUDY SELECTION Literature and data on obesity-associated obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children. DATA EXTRACTION Review of relevant information and data. DATA SYNTHESIS Different definitions of obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome in children were used in different studies, which made it difficult to compare results from different studies conducted in different countries. Nonetheless, obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was found to be moderately prevalent among obese children-namely, 13% to 36%. The severity of obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome was positively related to the degree of obesity. Blood pressure was found to be elevated in obese children with obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome. Weight reduction is an effective treatment. CONCLUSION Children with obesity and obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome face a double challenge. A holistic approach to management requires a clear understanding of how both problems interact.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- D K K Ng
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
20
|
But B, Chan CW, Chan F, Chan KW, Cheng AWF, Cheung P, Choi KL, Chow CB, Chow FCC, Eastman C, Fok TF, Fung LM, Gomes C, Huen KF, Ip TP, Kung AWC, Lam KSL, Lam YY, Lao T, Lee CY, Lee KF, Leung J, Leung NK, Li D, Li J, Lo KW, Lo L, Ng KL, Siu SC, Tam S, Tan KCB, Tiu SC, Tse HY, Tse W, Wong G, Wong S, Wong W, Yeung VTF, Young R, Yu CM, Yu R. Consensus statement on iodine deficiency disorders in Hong Kong. Hong Kong Med J 2003; 9:446-53. [PMID: 14660812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
This article reviews the available data on the study of iodine deficiency disorders in Hong Kong and to discuss the approach towards preventing such disorders in Hong Kong. The importance of iodine and iodine deficiency disorders is described, and the available data on the dietary iodine intake and urinary iodine concentration in different populations of Hong Kong are summarised and discussed. Dietary iodine insufficiency among pregnant women in Hong Kong is associated with maternal goitrogenesis and hypothyroxinaemia as well as neonatal hypothyroidism. Borderline iodine deficiency exists in the expectant mothers in Hong Kong. Women of reproductive age, and pregnant and lactating women should be made aware and educated to have an adequate iodine intake, such as iodised salt, as an interim measure. A steering group involving all stakeholders should be formed to advise on the strategy of ensuring adequate iodine intake, including universal iodisation of salt in Hong Kong. Continuous surveillance of iodine status in the Hong Kong population is necessary.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Betty But
- Department of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Queen Mary Hospital, Hong Kong
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
21
|
Abstract
Pharyngitis is a common condition and usually does not lead to any major complication. We report a case in which the patient presented with pharyngitis resulting in an unusual fatal complication of pharyngeal and cerebral abscess. The causative organism was Streptococcus milleri that should be readily treatable by penicillin if the condition was recognised earlier.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yuen Yu Lam
- Department of Paediatrics, Kwong Wah Hospital, 25 Waterloo Road, Kowloon, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Abstract
Glutaric acidemia type I is caused by mutations of the glutaryl-CoA dehydrogenase (GCDH) gene resulting in loss of GCDH enzyme activity. Patients present with progressive dystonia and lesions in basal ganglia. Dietary treatment, when instituted from the early neonatal period, markedly reduces dystonia and morbidity. Early diagnosis and prenatal diagnosis will be facilitated by knowledge of locally prevalent GCDH mutations. Several common GCDH mutations have been found in different ethnic groups. GCDH mutations were studied in 5 Chinese glutaric acidemia type I families. We detected two novel recurrent mutations (A219T and IVS10-2A>C) which were found in two unrelated families. An asymptomatic carrier of IVS10-2A>C was also found on screening of 120 individuals. Other mutations were identified, including two other novel (R386G & IVS3+1G>A) and two known mutations (G178R & R355H). Fibroblasts from patients carrying the novel mutations were confirmed to be deficient for GCDH activity. This is the first report of GCDH mutations describing recurrent mutations in Chinese patients. The carrier rate of IVS10-2A>C may be particularly high in Chinese.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N L Tang
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT1). Current laboratory diagnosis for GSD1b is established by a functional enzyme assay of glucose-6-phosphatase in both fresh and detergent-treated liver homogenates. This procedure requires liver biopsy and is impractical for routine prenatal diagnosis owing to the high morbidity of fetal liver biopsy. Recently, the gene for GSD1b has been cloned and the prevalent mutations in different ethnic groups have been determined. In this study, prenatal molecular diagnosis was performed for a Chinese family in which a previous child was born homozygous for the G149E mutation. We detected genomic sequence variants by heteroduplex formation, followed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). With this method, post-PCR analysis was shortened to 7 min. In the case we analysed, PCR products amplified from the fetal DNA yielded a single peak in the chromatogram, indicating a homozygous state in the fetus. When wild-type PCR products were mixed with fetal PCR products, two peaks were observed, indicating that the fetus was homozygous for the parental (G149E) mutation. Sequencing results confirmed this diagnosis. As a result, the pregnancy was terminated and the diagnosis was confirmed on DNA analysis of the aborted fetus. We show here that DNA mutation analysis can be used in the prenatal diagnosis of GSD1b and that DHPLC promises to be a robust technique for this and other prenatal molecular diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
24
|
Abstract
Glycogen storage disease type 1b (GSD1b) is an autosomal recessive inborn error of metabolism caused by deficiency of glucose-6-phosphate translocase (G6PT1). Current laboratory diagnosis for GSD1b is established by a functional enzyme assay of glucose-6-phosphatase in both fresh and detergent-treated liver homogenates. This procedure requires liver biopsy and is impractical for routine prenatal diagnosis owing to the high morbidity of fetal liver biopsy. Recently, the gene for GSD1b has been cloned and the prevalent mutations in different ethnic groups have been determined. In this study, prenatal molecular diagnosis was performed for a Chinese family in which a previous child was born homozygous for the G149E mutation. We detected genomic sequence variants by heteroduplex formation, followed by denaturing high performance liquid chromatography (DHPLC). With this method, post-PCR analysis was shortened to 7 min. In the case we analysed, PCR products amplified from the fetal DNA yielded a single peak in the chromatogram, indicating a homozygous state in the fetus. When wild-type PCR products were mixed with fetal PCR products, two peaks were observed, indicating that the fetus was homozygous for the parental (G149E) mutation. Sequencing results confirmed this diagnosis. As a result, the pregnancy was terminated and the diagnosis was confirmed on DNA analysis of the aborted fetus. We show here that DNA mutation analysis can be used in the prenatal diagnosis of GSD1b and that DHPLC promises to be a robust technique for this and other prenatal molecular diagnoses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C W Lam
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Prince of Wales Hospital, Hong Kong, China.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
25
|
Huen KF, Low LC, Wong GW, Tse WW, Yu AC, Lam YY, Cheung PC, Wong LM, Yeung WK, But BW, Cheung PT, Kwan EY, Karlberg JP, Lee C. Epidemiology of diabetes mellitus in children in Hong Kong: the Hong Kong childhood diabetes register. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab 2000; 13:297-302. [PMID: 10714755 DOI: 10.1515/jpem.2000.13.3.297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To establish a registry for Chinese children with onset of type 1 (insulin dependent) diabetes mellitus before 15 years of age and to determine the incidence of childhood onset type 1 diabetes mellitus in Chinese children in Hong Kong. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS A registry was established in 1997 to collect childhood diabetes cases retrospectively from all districts in Hong Kong. The study included all newly diagnosed cases of diabetes with onset < 15 yr of age from 1st January 1984 to 31 December 1996. Primary ascertainment was based on review of medical records at all regional public hospitals in Hong Kong and survey of all the registered practitioners in Hong Kong. The secondary source of validation was made impractical, if not impossible, because of the recent implementation of the Personal Data Privacy Ordinance in Hong Kong. RESULTS A total of 255 diabetic cases were identified, 227 type 1 diabetes mellitus (218 were Chinese), 18 type 2 diabetes mellitus and 11 secondary diabetes. 246 patients were Chinese and 9 non-Chinese. The age-standardized incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes mellitus in southern Chinese children in Hong Kong was 1.4/100,000/yr and 0.1/100,000/yr respectively for children < 15 yr of age during the study period. The incidence rates for type 1 diabetes were 0.9, 1.5 and 1.7 per 100,000/yr for 0-4 years, 5 to 9 years and 10 to 14 years age-groups respectively. The incidence for males was 1.2/100,000/yr and for females 1.7/100,000/yr. A significant increase in the incidence was demonstrated during the study period by simple linear regression (slope 0.14/100,000/year, r2 = 0.73, p = 0.0002) CONCLUSIONS A diabetic registry is established in Hong Kong. This study documents a very low incidence rate of childhood type 1 diabetes mellitus in southern Chinese children in Hong Kong and we have seen an increasing incidence of the disease in the past 13 years.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- K F Huen
- Yan Chai Hospital, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
26
|
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To study the incidence of domestic violence in pregnant women attending the antenatal clinic of a local teaching hospital. STUDY DESIGN All pregnant women attending their first antenatal clinic in Tsan Yuk Hospital between 11th August and 3rd November, 1998 were interviewed by a designated research nurse (Y.Y.J.L.) using a standard questionnaire (Abuse Assessment Screen) to detect the incidence of domestic violence, the nature of violence, the frequency of violence and the perpetrator of abuse. Demographic factors of the abused group were compared with those of the non-abused group using student's t-test and chi-square test. RESULTS Pregnant women (631) were interviewed; 113 of them (17.9%) had a history of abuse; 99 women (15.7%) had been abused in the last year; 27 of them (4.3%) had been abused during their current pregnancy; 59 women (9.4%) had been sexually abused in the last year. The husband was the perpetrator in the majority of cases. The nature of violence during pregnancy was mainly psychological in the form of threats of abuse without any physical injury. Risk factors included unplanned pregnancy (P = 0.002) and women with husbands/partners who were unemployed or manual workers (P < 0.05). Unexpectedly, domestic violence occurred more commonly in permanent local residents rather than new immigrants (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This is probably the first study on the incidence of domestic violence in pregnant women in a Chinese community. The incidence is comparable to that from American studies. Routine screening with structured questions during the antenatal visits is necessary in order to identify the abused women so as to prevent potential trauma and to interrupt existing abuse.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- W C Leung
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, The University of Hong Kong, Tsan Yuk Hospital, China.
| | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
|
28
|
Abstract
Temperate coliphages were recovered from sewage, mammalian feces, and lysogenic strains of Escherichia coli. A total of 32 phages of independent origin were divided into six groups by applying the criteria of host range, antigenic homology, and the ultraviolet inducibility of the prophage. The demonstration of genetic interactions in some cases has confirmed the classification scheme. Nine phages were assigned to the P2 family and 19 to the lambda family. The remaining four isolates may represent some novel phylogenetic types. Phages recovered from the lysogenic strains of E. coli were all found to be P2 related, whereas a majority of the phages recovered as cell-free plaque-forming units were assignable to the lambda family. It is proposed that the biological attributes of the phages belonging to the two principal families are reflected in the distribution patterns observed. The virions of phage HK256 show multiple tail fibers and may thus represent a "new" virion form among the temperate coliphages.
Collapse
|