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Kim YJ, Chung WC, Choi S, Jung YD, Lee J, Chae SY, Jun KH, Chin HM. The Detection of Messenger RNA for Carcinoembryonic Antigen and Cytokeratin 20 in Peritoneal Washing Fluid in Patients with Advanced Gastric Cancer. Korean J Gastroenterol 2018; 69:220-225. [PMID: 28449423 DOI: 10.4166/kjg.2017.69.4.220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Background/Aims Peritoneal micrometastasis is known to play an important role in the recurrence of gastric cancer. However, its effects remain equivocal. Herein, we examine the messenger RNA (mRNA) as tumor markers, carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA), and cytokeratin 20 (CK20), in peritoneal washing fluid. Moreover, we evaluate whether these results could predict the recurrence of gastric cancer following curative resection. Methods We prospectively enrolled 132 patients with gastric cancers, who had received an operation, between January 2010 and January 2013. The peritoneal lavage fluid was collected at the operation field and semi-quantitative PCR was performed using the primers for CEA and CK20. We excluded patients with stage IA (n=28) early gastric cancer, positive cytologic examination of peritoneal washings (n=7), and those who were lost during follow up (n=18). Results A total of 79 patients with gastric cancers were enrolled, and the mean follow-up period was 39.95±19.25 months (range, 5-72 months). According to the multivariate analysis, T4 stage at the initial diagnosis was significantly associated with recurrence. All cases of recurrence were CEA positive and 6 cases were CK20 positive. The positive and negative predictive values of CEA were 32.0% and 100%, respectively, whereas those of CK20 were 37.5% and 71.4%, respectively. Disease free survival of CK20-negative cases was 36.17±20.28 months and that of CK20-positive cases was 32.06±22.95 months (p=0.39). Conclusions It is unlikely that the real time polymerase chain reaction results of mRNA for CEA and CK20 in peritoneal washing fluid can predict recurrence. However, negative results can convince surgeons to perform curative R0 resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sooa Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Jaejun Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Seung Yun Chae
- Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyong Hwa Jun
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Hyung Min Chin
- Department of Surgery, St. Vincent's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
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Jung YD, Lee SB, Jung YW, Song JS, Woo IS. Epiphora following chemotherapy with pemetrexed in patients with advanced non-small cell lung cancer. Korean J Intern Med 2017; 32:923-925. [PMID: 28298078 PMCID: PMC5583437 DOI: 10.3904/kjim.2015.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2015] [Revised: 03/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/12/2015] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duk Jung
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang Bin Lee
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Wha Jung
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jung Sub Song
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Sook Woo
- Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
- Corresponding to In Sook Woo, M.D. Division of Hematology and Medical Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary’s Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea, 10 63-ro, Yeongdeungpo-gu, Seoul 07345, Korea Tel: +82-2-3779-1574 Fax: +82-2-780-3132 E-mail:
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Acute pancreatitis (AP) ranges from a mild and self-limiting disease to a fulminant illness with significant morbidity and mortality. Severe acute pancreatitis (SAP) is defined as persistent organ failure lasting for 48 h. We aimed to determine the factors that predict survival and mortality in patients with SAP. METHODS We reviewed a consecutive series of patients who were admitted with acute pancreatitis between January 2003 and January 2013. A total of 1213 cases involving 660 patients were evaluated, and 68 cases with SAP were selected for the study. Patients were graded based on the Computer Tomography Severity Index (CTSI), the bedside index for severity (BISAP), and Ranson's criteria. RESULTS The frequency of SAP was 5.6% (68/1213 cases). Among these patients, 17 died due to pancreatitis-induced causes. We compared several factors between the survivor (n = 51) and non-survivor (n = 17) groups. On multivariate analysis, there were significant differences in the incidence of diabetes mellitus (p = .04), Ranson score (p = .03), bacteremia (p = .05) and body mass index (BMI) (p = .02) between the survivor and non-survivor groups. CONCLUSIONS Bacteremia, high Ranson score, DM, and lower BMI were closely associated with mortality in patients with SAP. When patients with SAP show evidence of bacteremia or diabetes, aggressive treatment is necessary. For the prediction of disease mortality, the Ranson score might be a useful tool in SAP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeon Ji Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Dae Bum Kim
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Ji Min Lee
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Gun Jung Youn
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Sooa Choi
- a Department of Internal Medicine , St. Vincent's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
| | - Jung Hwan Oh
- b Department of Internal Medicine , St. Paul's Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea , Seoul , Korea
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Jung YD, Kim YJ, Chung WC. A Pilot Study of Helicobacter pylori Eradication Using a Polymerase Chain Reaction-based Test for Clarithromycin Resistance. Korean J Helicobacter Up Gastrointest Res 2017. [DOI: 10.7704/kjhugr.2017.17.4.200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yun Duk Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
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Lee JM, Chung WC, Sung HJ, Kim YJ, Youn GJ, Jung YD, Choi S, Jeon EJ. Factor analysis of recurrent biliary events in long-term follow up of gallstone pancreatitis. J Dig Dis 2017; 18:40-46. [PMID: 27990758 DOI: 10.1111/1751-2980.12436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2016] [Revised: 12/03/2016] [Accepted: 12/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Recurrent attacks after acute gallstone pancreatitis (GSP) are substantial problems, together with associated morbidity and mortality. The recommended therapies for recurrent attacks are cholecystectomy and endoscopic sphincterotomy (EST). This study aimed to evaluate the long-term results of cholecystectomy and EST after clinical improvement of GSP. METHODS A consecutive series of patients who were admitted with GSP from January 2003 to December 2014 were analyzed. Patients were categorized into three treatment subgroups: cholecystectomy (n = 53), EST (n = 51) and conservative care (n = 67). RESULTS A total of 171 patients were enrolled. The mean follow-up period was 58 months (range 6-125 months). The pancreatitis-induced in-hospital mortality rate was 1.5%. The cholecystectomy and EST groups had a significantly lower frequency of recurrent pancreatitis than the conservative care group (P < 0.01). For recurrent pancreatitis, there was no significant difference between the cholecystectomy with and without EST subgroups. With respect to total recurrent biliary events, the cholecystectomy group was superior to the EST only group (P < 0.01). In patients receiving definitive treatment (cholecystectomy with or without EST), the presence of common bile duct (CBD) stone was an independent risk factor for recurrent biliary events (P < 0.01). CONCLUSIONS In the long-term follow up of GSP, cholecystectomy can offer better protection against recurrent biliary events than EST only. The presence of CBD stones at time of definitive therapy might be a risk factor for recurrent biliary events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Min Lee
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Woo Chul Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Hea Jung Sung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yeon-Ji Kim
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Gun Jung Youn
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Sooa Choi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Vincent Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, South Korea
| | - Eun Jung Jeon
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, St Paul's Hospital, Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, South Korea
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Song DS, Chang UI, Choi S, Jung YD, Han K, Ko SH, Ahn YB, Yang JM. Heavy Alcohol Consumption with Alcoholic Liver Disease Accelerates Sarcopenia in Elderly Korean Males: The Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2008-2010. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0163222. [PMID: 27655344 PMCID: PMC5031399 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0163222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Accepted: 09/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aim Although a few studies have reported that sarcopenia is associated with alcoholic liver disease (ALD), no studies have investigated this association in a large sample representative of the elderly Korean population. Methods This was a cross-sectional study that used data from the Fourth and Fifth Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (KNHANES) on subjects aged 65 years and older. Sarcopenia was defined as a skeletal muscle index (SMI) more than 1 SD below the gender-specific mean for young adults; SMI was calculated as the appendicular muscle mass divided by height squared (ASM/Ht2). Heavy alcohol consumption was defined as consuming at least 210 g/week, and elevated liver enzymes were defined as alanine aminotransferase levels of at least 32 U/L or aspartate aminotransferase levels of at least 34 U/L. ALD was defined as heavy alcohol consumption and elevated liver enzymes. Results The mean age of the 1,151 elderly males was 71.6 ± 0.2 years, and the prevalence of heavy alcohol consumption was 11.8% (136 subjects). SMI did not differ between the non-heavy and heavy alcohol consumer groups (7.1 ± 0.0 kg/m2 vs. 7.3 ± 0.1 kg/m2, respectively, P = 0.145). However, after stratifying by the presence of liver disease and heavy alcohol consumption and adjusting for other confounders in the multivariate logistic regression, SMI was significantly lower among heavy alcohol consumers with ALD (all P < 0.05). Additionally, two-way ANOVA showed a significant interaction between heavy alcohol consumption and liver disease (P = 0.011). Conclusion Sarcopenia was accelerated in the elderly male ALD group, with a significant interaction between alcohol consumption and liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Do Seon Song
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - U Im Chang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sooa Choi
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Kyungdo Han
- Department of Biostatics, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Seoul, Korea
| | - Seung-Hyun Ko
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
| | - Yu-Bae Ahn
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail: (YBA); (JMY)
| | - Jin Mo Yang
- Division of Hepatology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Vincent’s Hospital, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, Suwon, Korea
- * E-mail: (YBA); (JMY)
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Baeg MK, Choi MG, Jung YD, Ko SH, Lim CH, Kim HH, Kim JS, Cho YK, Park JM, Lee IS, Kim SW. Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma Patients Have an Increased Risk of Coexisting Colorectal Neoplasms. Gut Liver 2015; 10:76-82. [PMID: 25963088 PMCID: PMC4694738 DOI: 10.5009/gnl14381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/Aims Esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) and colorectal neoplasms (CRNs) share risk factors. We aimed to investigate whether the CRN risk is increased in ESCC patients. Methods ESCC patients who underwent a colonoscopy within 1 year of diagnosis were retrospectively analyzed. Patients were matched 1:3 by age, gender, and body mass index to asymptomatic controls. CRN was defined as the histological confirmation of adenoma or adenocarcinoma. Advanced CRN was defined as any of the following: ≥3 adenomas, high-grade dysplasia, villous features, tumor ≥1 cm, or adenocarcinoma. The risk factors for both CRN and advanced CRN were evaluated by univariate and multivariate analyses. Results Sixty ESCC patients were compared with 180 controls. The ESCC group had significantly higher numbers of CRNs (odds ratio [OR], 2.311; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.265 to 4.220; p=0.006) and advanced CRNs (OR, 2.317; 95% CI, 1.185 to 4.530; p=0.013). Significant risk factors for both CRN and advanced CRN by multivariate analysis included ESCC (OR, 2.157, 95% CI, 1.106 to 4.070, p=0.024; and OR, 2.157, 95% CI, 1.045 to 4.454, p=0.038, respectively) and older age (OR, 1.068, 95% CI, 1.032 to 1.106, p<0.001; and OR, 1.065, 95% CI, 1.024 to 1.109, p=0.002, respectively). Conclusions The rates of CRN and advanced CRN are significantly increased in ESCC. Colonos-copy should be considered at ESCC diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myong Ki Baeg
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Myung-Gyu Choi
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sun-Hye Ko
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Chul-Hyun Lim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyung Hun Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jin Su Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Yu Kyung Cho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Jae Myung Park
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - In Seok Lee
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Sang-Woo Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul St. Mary's Hospital, The Catholic University of Korea College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
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Jung YH, Han CW, Jung YD, Cho YY, Han DJ. Complete Remission of Brain Metastases in Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer Patients Harboring an EGFR Mutation Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor without Radiotherapy: A Report of 3 Cases. Case Rep Oncol 2014; 7:149-54. [PMID: 24707263 PMCID: PMC3975752 DOI: 10.1159/000360731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain parenchymal metastasis from a solid tumor is a serious clinical condition associated with a poor outcome because systemic chemotherapy is usually ineffective for treating brain metastases (BM) due to the blood-brain barrier. Therefore, radiotherapy such as whole brain radiotherapy (WBRT) and stereotactic radiosurgery have taken on a central role in the management of BM. However, WBRT can delay subsequent systemic treatment or cause neurologic complications such as a decline in cognitive function. Therefore, suspending WBRT is worth considering if there is an effective alternative. Although there have been no large prospective studies, many reports are available about the favorable effect of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for treating BM in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Here, we report 3 NSCLC cases that showed a complete response in BM after TKI treatment without WBRT. Based on these remarkable response rates of BM to a TKI, the potential toxicity of WBRT can be avoided, particularly in patients with small metastatic nodules and an epidermal growth factor receptor activating mutation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yun Hwa Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Chi Wha Han
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Duk Jung
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Yun Cho
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Jae Han
- Division of Hematology-Oncology, Department of Internal Medicine, Yeouido St. Mary's Hospital, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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Liu W, Jung YD, Ahmad SA, McCarty MF, Stoeltzing O, Reinmuth N, Fan F, Ellis LM. Effects of overexpression of ephrin-B2 on tumour growth in human colorectal cancer. Br J Cancer 2004; 90:1620-6. [PMID: 15083195 PMCID: PMC2409715 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6601723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Eph receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) and their membrane-bound ligands, the ephrins, are essential for embryonic vascular development. Recently, it has been demonstrated that overexpression of specific Ephs and ephrins is associated with a poor prognosis in human tumours. Our group has shown that EphB and the ephrin-B subfamilies are coexpressed in human colorectal cancer, and ephrin-B2 is expressed at higher levels in human colorectal cancer than in adjacent normal mucosa. As the Eph/ephrin system is involved in embryologic vasculogenesis and ephrin-B2 is expressed ubiquitously in all colon cancers studied in our laboratory, we hypothesised that overexpression of ephrin-B2 in colon cancer cells may induce tumour angiogenesis and increase tumour growth. To investigate this hypothesis, we stably transfected KM12L4 human colon cancer cells with ephrin-B2 to study its effect on tumour growth in vivo. We found that overexpression of ephrin-B2 markedly decreased tumour growth in a mouse xenograft model. Immunohistochemical staining showed that ephrin-B2 transfectants produced higher tumour microvessel density and lower tumour cell proliferation than did parental or vector-transfected control cells. Using 51Cr-labelled red blood cells (RBCs) to determine the functional blood volume in tumours, we demonstrated that tumours from ephrin-B2-transfected cells had significantly decreased blood volume compared with tumours from parental or vector-transfected control cells. Evaluation of in vitro parameters of cell cycle mediators demonstrated no alteration in the cell cycle. Although ephrin-B2 transfection increased tumour vessel density, the decrease in blood perfusion suggests that these vessels may be ‘dysfunctional’. We conclude that overexpression of ephrin-B2 suppresses tumour cell growth and vascular function in this in vivo colon cancer model.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 444, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - M F McCarty
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - O Stoeltzing
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - F Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
| | - L M Ellis
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Unit 444, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030-4009, USA. E-mail:
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Akagi M, Kawaguchi M, Liu W, McCarty MF, Takeda A, Fan F, Stoeltzing O, Parikh AA, Jung YD, Bucana CD, Mansfield PF, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Induction of neuropilin-1 and vascular endothelial growth factor by epidermal growth factor in human gastric cancer cells. Br J Cancer 2003; 88:796-802. [PMID: 12618892 PMCID: PMC2376351 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjc.6600811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The epidermal growth factor receptor (EGF-R) pathway plays a pivotal role in the progression of human gastric cancer. The angiogenic factor vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) has been shown to be induced by EGF in various cancer cell lines. Neuropilin-1 (NRP-1) acts as a coreceptor for VEGF-165 and increases its affinity for VEGF receptor 2 (VEGFR-2) in endothelial cells. Furthermore, NRP-1 has been found to be expressed by tumour cells and has been shown to enhance tumour angiogenesis and growth in preclinical models. We examined the expression of NRP-1 mRNA and EGF-R protein in seven human gastric cancer cell lines. NRP-1 expression was expressed in five of seven cell lines, and EGF-R expression closely mirrored NRP-1 expression. Moreover, in EGF-R-positive NCI-N87 and ST-2 cells, EGF induced both NRP-1 and VEGF mRNA expression. C225, a monoclonal antibody to EGF-R, blocked EGF-induced NRP-1 and VEGF expression in NCI-N87 cells in a dose-dependent manner. The treatment of NCI-N87 cells with EGF resulted in increases in phosphorylation of Erk1/2, Akt, and P38. Blockade of the Erk, phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase/Akt, or P38 pathways in this cell line prevented EGF induction of NRP-1 and VEGF. These results suggest that regulation of NRP-1 expression in human gastric cancer is intimately associated with the EGF/EGF-R system. Activation of EGF-R might contribute to gastric cancer angiogenesis by a mechanism that involves upregulation of VEGF and NRP-1 expression via multiple signalling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Akagi
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M Kawaguchi
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - W Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - M F McCarty
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A Takeda
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - F Fan
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - O Stoeltzing
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - A A Parikh
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - C D Bucana
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - P F Mansfield
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
| | - D J Hicklin
- ImClone Systems, Inc., 180 Varick Street, New York, NY 10014, USA
| | - L M Ellis
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Box 444, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA. E-mail:
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11
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Jung YD, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Ahmad SA, Fan F, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. Vascular endothelial growth factor is upregulated by interleukin-1 beta in human vascular smooth muscle cells via the P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase pathway. Angiogenesis 2002; 4:155-62. [PMID: 11806247 DOI: 10.1023/a:1012291524723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Small tumor vessels are composed of endothelial cells (ECs) and vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). These cells have been shown to communicate with each other via cytokine signaling during neovascularization. We previously demonstrated that interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) leads to induction of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in human colon carcinoma cells. As pericytes play a role in regulating EC function, we hypothesized that IL-1 beta may mediate EC survival by induction of VEGF in a paracrine manner. We investigated the effects of IL-1 beta on VEGF expression in human VSMCs (hVSMCs) and the signal transduction pathways that may be involved. Treatment of hVSMCs with IL-1 beta induced VEGF expression in a time- and concentration-dependent manner and increased both the VEGF promoter activity and the mRNA half-life. Treatment with IL-1 beta induced the expression of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) within 5 min but did not activate extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erk)-1/2, c-jun amino terminal kinase (JNK), or Akt. SB203580, a specific P38 MAPK inhibitor, blocked the ability of IL-1 beta to induce VEGF mRNA and promoter activity. Conditioned media from hVSMCs pretreated with IL-1 beta prevented apoptosis of ECs, an effect that was partially abrogated by VEGF-neutralizing antibodies. These data demonstrate that IL-1 beta may induce VEGF in hVSMCs, and suggest that this paracrine signaling pathway, may prevent, in part, apoptosis of ECs.
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MESH Headings
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Humans
- Imidazoles/pharmacology
- Interleukin-1/physiology
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/enzymology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Promoter Regions, Genetic
- Pyridines/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/genetics
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Signal Transduction
- Up-Regulation/physiology
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- p38 Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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12
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Jung YD, Mansfield PF, Akagi M, Takeda A, Liu W, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Effects of combination anti-vascular endothelial growth factor receptor and anti-epidermal growth factor receptor therapies on the growth of gastric cancer in a nude mouse model. Eur J Cancer 2002; 38:1133-40. [PMID: 12008203 DOI: 10.1016/s0959-8049(02)00013-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 203] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
We hypothesised that the combination of anti-angiogenic and anti-epidermal growth factor (EFG)-receptor (R) therapies would more effectively inhibit gastric cancer growth than single-agent therapy. TMK-1 gastric cancer cells were injected into the gastric wall of nude mice to generate tumours. After 4 days, mice were randomly assigned to the following groups: control, DC101 ([vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-receptor (R)-2 antibody], C225 (EGF-R antibody), or a combination of DC101 and C225. The combination therapy significantly inhibited gastric tumour growth compared with the control group, whereas the decrease in tumour growth in mice treated with DC101 or C225 alone did not reach statistical significance. All mice administered DC101 demonstrated decreased tumour vascularity and increased endothelial cell apoptosis. C225 alone did not affect angiogenesis, but inhibited tumour cell proliferation. The combination therapy led to a further decrease in tumour cell proliferation. The combination of anti-VEGF-R and anti-EGF-R therapies was effective in inhibiting gastric cancer growth. These findings support the hypothesis that inhibiting multiple biological pathways that mediate tumour growth may be an effective therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Deparment of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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13
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Abstract
Epidemiological studies have suggested that consumption of green tea may decrease cancer risk. In addition, abundant pre-clinical data from several laboratories have provided convincing evidence that polyphenols present in green tea afford protection against cancer in both in vivo and in vitro studies. Recently, epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), a putative chemopreventive agent and a major component of green tea, was reported to inhibit tumour invasion and angiogenesis, processes that are essential for tumour growth and metastasis. Understanding the basic principles by which EGCG inhibits tumour invasion and angiogenesis may lead to the development of new therapeutic strategies, in addition to supporting the role of green tea as a cancer chemopreventive agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam National University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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14
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Reinmuth N, Stoeltzing O, Liu W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Fan F, Parikh A, Ellis LM. Endothelial survival factors as targets for antineoplastic therapy. Cancer J 2001; 7 Suppl 3:S109-19. [PMID: 11779081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The angiogenic process includes not only development of new blood vessels but also maintenance of the existing vasculature. Recent studies have demonstrated that several factors induce angiogenesis and also function as endothelial cell survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor, a potent angiogenic factor, is an endothelial cell survival factor whose tyrosine kinase receptors are limited to endothelial cells. Members of the angiopoietin family also bind to an endothelial cell-specific tyrosine kinase receptor. Angiopoietin-1 has been shown to stabilize endothelial cell networks, whereas angiopoietin-2 is antagonistic to angiopoietin-1 and destabilizes endothelial cell networks. Pericytes contribute to endothelial cell stabilization by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. In addition, integrins may function as endothelial cell survival factors by numerous mechanisms after binding to the extracellular matrix. The effects of many endothelial cell survival factors act in concert with vascular endothelial growth factor to enhance this essential step in angiogenesis. Targeting any of the aforementioned mechanisms for endothelial cell survival may provide novel therapeutic antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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15
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma. A possible mechanism for the initiation of angiogenesis. Cancer 2001. [PMID: 11571726 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1138::aid-cncr1431>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are important regulators of endothelial cell (EC) survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in ECs leads to the initiation of angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that the imbalance of Ang-1 and Ang-2 activities in colon carcinoma leads to a net gain in Ang-2 function. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescent double-staining were performed to examine human colon carcinoma cell lines, surgical specimens, normal mucosa, and liver metastases for the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses revealed that 7 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-1, and 14 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). Of the surgical specimens from patients with colon carcinoma, 6 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-1, and 11 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). However, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were expressed with relative equal frequency in normal mucosa (P = 0.62). Immunofluorescent staining (n = 20 specimens) revealed the presence of Ang-2 protein in normal mucosa and tumor epithelium, but Ang-1 was expressed only in normal mucosa. A similar pattern was found for hepatic colorectal metastases. Double staining for Ang-1 or Ang-2 and cytokeratin-22 (an epithelial marker) demonstrated that Ang-1 was produced by uninvolved, normal colonic epithelium, whereas Ang-2 was produced by normal and malignant colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang-2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang-1 in tumor epithelium is rare. The net gain of Ang-2 activity is possibly an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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16
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Solorzano CC, Jung YD, Bucana CD, McConkey DJ, Gallick GE, McMahon G, Ellis LM. In vivo intracellular signaling as a marker of antiangiogenic activity. Cancer Res 2001; 61:7048-51. [PMID: 11585733] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Alterations in endothelial cell (EC) signaling could serve as a marker of effective antiangiogenic therapy. We determined the effect of an antiangiogenic tyrosine kinase inhibitor, SU6668, on tumor EC signaling in liver metastases in mice. In vitro immunofluorescence verified that pretreatment of ECs with SU6668 before exposure to VEGF decreased in vitro phosphorylation of Erk and Akt. Using double-fluorescence immunohistochemistry, phosphorylated Erk and Akt were constitutively expressed in ECs in liver metastases in untreated mice, but SU6668 blocked activation of these signaling intermediates. Determining the activation status of the Erk and Akt signaling pathways in tumor ECs may serve as a surrogate marker for the effectiveness of antiangiogenic regimens.
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MESH Headings
- Androstadienes/pharmacology
- Angiogenesis Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Biomarkers, Tumor/physiology
- Blotting, Western
- Endothelial Growth Factors/pharmacology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/physiology
- Enzyme Activation
- Enzyme Inhibitors/pharmacology
- Flavonoids/pharmacology
- Fluorescent Antibody Technique
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Liver Neoplasms/blood supply
- Liver Neoplasms/secondary
- Lymphokines/pharmacology
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects
- MAP Kinase Signaling System/physiology
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinase Kinases/metabolism
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/drug therapy
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/enzymology
- Neovascularization, Pathologic/physiopathology
- Oxindoles
- Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases/metabolism
- Phosphoinositide-3 Kinase Inhibitors
- Phosphorylation
- Propionates
- Protein Serine-Threonine Kinases
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins/metabolism
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-akt
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/physiology
- Receptors, Growth Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Growth Factor/physiology
- Receptors, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
- Wortmannin
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Affiliation(s)
- C C Solorzano
- Department of Surgical Oncology, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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17
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Abstract
Tumor angiogenesis is essential for the growth of primary and metastatic tumors. This process requires the coordinated activities of multiple factors and cell types. For tumors to develop a neovascular blood supply, tumor cells and host cells must secrete proangiogenic factors that offset the activities of inhibitory angiogenic factors. In addition, the newly derived tumor endothelium must respond to signals in the microenvironment to survive under conditions such as hypoxia and acidity. Moreover, because the process of angiogenesis is regulated by redundant factors and pathways, inhibition of any single pathway is likely to select for cells whose angiogenesis is driven by other factors. Because antiangiogenic therapy is unlikely to induce tumor regression, the criteria for efficacy must be evaluated by means other than the standard criteria used to evaluate cytotoxic chemotherapy. Understanding the basic principles that drive tumor angiogenesis will lead to the development of therapies that will likely prolong survival without the toxicity associated with standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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18
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. Differential expression of angiopoietin-1 and angiopoietin-2 in colon carcinoma. A possible mechanism for the initiation of angiogenesis. Cancer 2001; 92:1138-43. [PMID: 11571726 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010901)92:5<1138::aid-cncr1431>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) and angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2) are important regulators of endothelial cell (EC) survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in ECs leads to the initiation of angiogenesis. The authors hypothesized that the imbalance of Ang-1 and Ang-2 activities in colon carcinoma leads to a net gain in Ang-2 function. METHODS Reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) analyses and immunofluorescent double-staining were performed to examine human colon carcinoma cell lines, surgical specimens, normal mucosa, and liver metastases for the expression of Ang-1 and Ang-2. RESULTS RT-PCR analyses revealed that 7 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-1, and 14 of 18 colon carcinoma cell lines expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). Of the surgical specimens from patients with colon carcinoma, 6 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-1, and 11 of 11 specimens expressed Ang-2 (P < 0.05). However, Ang-1 and Ang-2 were expressed with relative equal frequency in normal mucosa (P = 0.62). Immunofluorescent staining (n = 20 specimens) revealed the presence of Ang-2 protein in normal mucosa and tumor epithelium, but Ang-1 was expressed only in normal mucosa. A similar pattern was found for hepatic colorectal metastases. Double staining for Ang-1 or Ang-2 and cytokeratin-22 (an epithelial marker) demonstrated that Ang-1 was produced by uninvolved, normal colonic epithelium, whereas Ang-2 was produced by normal and malignant colonic epithelium. CONCLUSIONS In patients with colon carcinoma, Ang-2 is expressed ubiquitously in tumor epithelium, whereas expression of Ang-1 in tumor epithelium is rare. The net gain of Ang-2 activity is possibly an initiating factor for tumor angiogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030, USA
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19
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Shaheen RM, Ahmad SA, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Jung YD, Tseng WW, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Inhibited growth of colon cancer carcinomatosis by antibodies to vascular endothelial and epidermal growth factor receptors. Br J Cancer 2001; 85:584-9. [PMID: 11506500 PMCID: PMC2364099 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2001.1936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 189] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and epidermal growth factor (EGF) regulate colon cancer growth and metastasis. Previous studies utilizing antibodies against the VEGF receptor (DC101) or EGF receptor (C225) have demonstrated independently that these agents can inhibit tumour growth and induce apoptosis in colon cancer in in vivo and in vitro systems. We hypothesized that simultaneous blockade of the VEGF and EGF receptors would enhance the therapy of colon cancer in a mouse model of peritoneal carcinomatosis. Nude mice were given intraperitoneal injection of KM12L4 human colon cancer cells to generate peritoneal metastases. Mice were then randomized into one of four treatment groups: control, anti-VEGFR (DC101), anti-EGFR (C225), or DC101 and C225. Relative to the control group, treatment with DC101 or with DC101+C225 decreased tumour vascularity, growth, proliferation, formation of ascites and increased apoptosis of both tumour cells and endothelial cells. Although C225 therapy did not change any of the above parameters, C225 combined with DC101 led to a significant decrease in tumour vascularity and increases in tumour cell and endothelial cell apoptosis (vs the DC101 group). These findings suggest that DC101 inhibits angiogenesis, endothelial cell survival, and VEGF-mediated ascites formation in a murine model of colon cancer carcinomatosis. The addition of C225 to DC101 appears to lead to a further decrease in angiogenesis and ascites formation. Combination anti-VEGF and anti-EGFR therapy may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for the management of colon peritoneal carcinomatosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shaheen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Boulevard-444, Houston, TX 77030, USA
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20
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Jung YD, Tawara H. Image charge effects on electron capture by dust grains in dusty plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Nonlin Soft Matter Phys 2001; 64:017401. [PMID: 11461445 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.64.017401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2000] [Revised: 03/19/2001] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Electron-capture processes by negatively charged dust grains from hydrogenic ions in dusty plasmas are investigated in accordance with the classical Bohr-Lindhard model. The attractive interaction between the electron in a hydrogenic ion and its own image charge inside the dust grain is included to obtain the total interaction energy between the electron and the dust grain. The electron-capture radius is determined by the total interaction energy and the kinetic energy of the released electron in the frame of the projectile dust grain. The classical straight-line trajectory approximation is applied to the motion of the ion in order to visualize the electron-capture cross section as a function of the impact parameter, kinetic energy of the projectile ion, and dust charge. It is found that the image charge inside the dust grain plays a significant role in the electron-capture process near the surface of the dust grain. The electron-capture cross section is found to be quite sensitive to the collision energy and dust charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Physics, 0319, University of California, San Diego, 9500 Gilman Drive, La Jolla, California 92093-0319, USA. ydjungphysics.ucsd.edu
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21
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Ellis LM, Liu W, Fan F, Reinmuth N, Shaheen RM, Jung YD, Ahmad S. Role of angiogenesis inhibitors in cancer treatment. Oncology (Williston Park) 2001; 15:39-46. [PMID: 11497231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth of both primary and metastatic tumors. This process, more complex than was previously thought, requires the coordinated activities of multiple factors and cell types. For tumors to develop a neovascular blood supply, tumor and host cells must secrete pro-angiogenic factors that offset the activities of inhibitory angiogenic factors. In addition, the newly derived tumor endothelium must respond to survive in a relatively caustic microenvironment. Thus, endothelial-cell survival factors are essential in the maintenance of this neovasculature. Because redundant factors and pathways regulate angiogenesis, inhibition of any single pathway is unlikely to lead to prolonged response in most patients with solid malignancies. Since anti-angiogenic therapy is unlikely to induce tumor regression, the criteria for efficacy must be evaluated by means other than the standard criteria used to evaluate cytotoxic chemotherapy regimens. Understanding the basic principles that drive tumor angiogenesis will lead to the development of therapies that will likely prolong survival without the toxicity associated with standard chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- L M Ellis
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA.
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22
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Reinmuth N, Liu W, Jung YD, Ahmad SA, Shaheen RM, Fan F, Bucana CD, McMahon G, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. Induction of VEGF in perivascular cells defines a potential paracrine mechanism for endothelial cell survival. FASEB J 2001; 15:1239-41. [PMID: 11344100 DOI: 10.1096/fj.00-0693fje] [Citation(s) in RCA: 178] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
MESH Headings
- Animals
- Anticoagulants/pharmacology
- Apoptosis/physiology
- Becaplermin
- Cell Survival
- Cells, Cultured
- Culture Media, Conditioned
- Endothelial Growth Factors/biosynthesis
- Endothelial Growth Factors/genetics
- Endothelial Growth Factors/metabolism
- Endothelium, Vascular/cytology
- Endothelium, Vascular/drug effects
- Endothelium, Vascular/metabolism
- Gene Expression Regulation
- Humans
- Indoles/pharmacology
- Lymphokines/biosynthesis
- Lymphokines/genetics
- Lymphokines/metabolism
- Mice
- Models, Biological
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/cytology
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/drug effects
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Oxindoles
- Paracrine Communication
- Platelet-Derived Growth Factor/pharmacology
- Propionates
- Proto-Oncogene Proteins c-sis
- Pyrroles/pharmacology
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- Tumor Cells, Cultured
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor A
- Vascular Endothelial Growth Factors
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Affiliation(s)
- N Reinmuth
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas 77030-4009, USA
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23
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Jung YD, Ahmad SA, Akagi Y, Takahashi Y, Liu W, Reinmuth N, Shaheen RM, Fan F, Ellis LM. Role of the tumor microenvironment in mediating response to anti-angiogenic therapy. Cancer Metastasis Rev 2001; 19:147-57. [PMID: 11191054 DOI: 10.1023/a:1026510130114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Despite the development of innovative anti-angiogenic strategies, early clinical trials have not replicated the results observed from preclinical models. One reason for this apparent discrepancy is the fact that tumor endothelium is phenotypically distinct from normal tissue endothelium. Moreover, it has recently become apparent that each individual tumor may display a different angiogenic phenotype. The expression of angiogenic factors in tumors is controlled by both intrinsic factors in the tumor cell and the influence of the host microenvironment. The diversity of angiogenic factor expression in tumors growing at different sites, combined with the fact that endothelial cells in different organs and tumors are phenotypically distinct, constitutes a formidable challenge for the development of effective anti-angiogenic regimens. This review provides an overview of how the microenvironment regulates tumor angiogenesis and affects the efficacy of anti-angiogenic therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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24
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Jung YD, Kim MS, Shin BA, Chay KO, Ahn BW, Liu W, Bucana CD, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. EGCG, a major component of green tea, inhibits tumour growth by inhibiting VEGF induction in human colon carcinoma cells. Br J Cancer 2001; 84:844-50. [PMID: 11259102 PMCID: PMC2363808 DOI: 10.1054/bjoc.2000.1691] [Citation(s) in RCA: 257] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Catechins are key components of teas that have antiproliferative properties. We investigated the effects of green tea catechins on intracellular signalling and VEGF induction in vitro in serum-deprived HT29 human colon cancer cells and in vivo on the growth of HT29 cells in nude mice. In the in vitro studies, (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), the most abundant catechin in green tea extract, inhibited Erk-1 and Erk-2 activation in a dose-dependent manner. However, other tea catechins such as (-)-epigallocatechin (EGC), (-)-epicatechin gallate (ECG), and (-)-epicatechin (EC) did not affect Erk-1 or 2 activation at a concentration of 30 microM. EGCG also inhibited the increase of VEGF expression and promoter activity induced by serum starvation. In the in vivo studies, athymic BALB/c nude mice were inoculated subcutaneously with HT29 cells and treated with daily intraperitoneal injections of EC (negative control) or EGCG at 1.5 mg day(-1)mouse(-1)starting 2 days after tumour cell inoculation. Treatment with EGCG inhibited tumour growth (58%), microvessel density (30%), and tumour cell proliferation (27%) and increased tumour cell apoptosis (1.9-fold) and endothelial cell apoptosis (3-fold) relative to the control condition (P< 0.05 for all comparisons). EGCG may exert at least part of its anticancer effect by inhibiting angiogenesis through blocking the induction of VEGF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea 501-190
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25
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Ahmad SA, Liu W, Jung YD, Fan F, Wilson M, Reinmuth N, Shaheen RM, Bucana CD, Ellis LM. The effects of angiopoietin-1 and -2 on tumor growth and angiogenesis in human colon cancer. Cancer Res 2001. [PMID: 11245414 DOI: 10.1002/1097-0142(20010215)91:4<874::aid-cncr1076>3.0.co;2-o] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Angiopoietin (Ang) 1 and Ang-2 are important regulators of endothelial cell survival. Current models suggest that an increase in Ang-2 expression in endothelial cells leads to initiation of angiogenesis. We stably transfected HT29 colon cancer cells with cDNA constructs for Ang-1 or -2 or with vector alone, injected the cells s.c. into nude mice, and assessed tumor growth. Immunohistochemical analyses confirmed sustained increases of Ang-1 and -2 in the tumors. The tumors produced by the Ang-2-transfected cells were larger than the tumors produced in the other groups; those tumors also had higher vessel counts and proliferative indices than tumors in the other groups. Tumors produced by the Ang-1 transfectants had fewer vessels and lower tumor cell proliferative indices than tumors in the other groups. These data suggest that imbalances between Ang-1 and -2 that result in a net gain of Ang-2 activity lead to enhanced tumor angiogenesis and growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Ahmad
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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26
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Shaheen RM, Tseng WW, Vellagas R, Liu W, Ahmad SA, Jung YD, Reinmuth N, Drazan KE, Bucana CD, Hicklin DJ, Ellis LM. Effects of an antibody to vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 on survival, tumor vascularity, and apoptosis in a murine model of colon carcinomatosis. Int J Oncol 2001; 18:221-6. [PMID: 11172585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is the predominant regulator of colon cancer angiogenesis and is associated with a poor prognosis and the development of metastases. We hypothesized that DC101, an antibody against the VEGF receptor-2 (flk-1), may be efficacious in the therapy of colon cancer peritoneal carcinomatosis in a murine model. BALB/c mice underwent intraperitoneal injection of CT-26 colon cancer cells to generate peritoneal metastases. Mice received control solvent or DC101 for up to 60 days. In parallel studies, mice were sacrificed at sequential time points to determine the effect of DC101 on tumor angiogenesis, tumor cell proliferation and apoptosis, and endothelial cell apoptosis. Mice treated with DC101 demonstrated a 30% increase in mean survival. In addition, DC101 also led to a significant decrease in tumor vascularity, growth and tumor cell proliferation. In sequential studies, anti-VEGF-R therapy led to a progressive increase in endothelial cell apoptosis followed by an increase in tumor cell apoptosis. These findings suggest that anti-flk-1 therapy may prolong survival in patients with colon cancer carcinomatosis. The temporal studies demonstrating that anti-flk-1 therapy lead to an increase in endothelial cell apoptosis that in turn lead to an increase in tumor cell apoptosis confirms the role of VEGF as an endothelial cell survival factor.
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Affiliation(s)
- R M Shaheen
- Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, 1515 Holcombe Blvd., Houston, TX 77030, USA
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Abstract
Angiogenesis is essential for the growth and metastasis of solid tumors. The balance of endothelial cell (EC) proliferation and apoptosis is a major determinant in tumor angiogenesis. Recently, several studies demonstrated that numerous angiogenic factors not only induce angiogenesis but also function as EC survival factors. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), a potent angiogenic factor, is also an EC survival factor in embryonic vasculogenesis and tumor angiogenesis. VEGF activates specific intracellular survival pathways in ECs including Bcl-2, A1, IAP, Akt, and Erk. Integrins may function as EC survival factors by preventing anoikis by enhancing binding to the extracellular matrix. In addition, integrins may function in concert with VEGF to promote EC survival. Angiopoietin-1 (Ang-1) has recently been shown to stabilize EC networks by binding to the EC-specific tyrosine kinase receptor Tie-2. Pericytes also function as EC survival factors, by cell-cell contact, secretion of survival factors, or both. Targeting any of the above mechanisms for EC survival may provide novel antineoplastic strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Liu
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas M.D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Abstract
DNA could readily associate with the aggregated forms of the beta-amyloid peptides beta(1-40) and beta(25-35), giving rise to a shift in the electrophoretic mobility of DNA. As a result, DNA was retained at the top of a 1% agarose gel. In contrast, the electrophoretic mobility of DNA was little influenced by the monomeric forms of beta(1-40) and beta(25-30). DNA from different sources such as lambda phage, Escherichia coli plasmid, and human gene showed similar results. However, the electrophoretic mobility of RNA was shifted by the monomeric beta(1-40) and beta(25-35) as well as by the aggregated beta(1-40) and beta(25-35). The association of DNA with the aggregated beta-amyloid peptides could occur at pH 4-9. The inhibitory action of hemin on beta-amyloid aggregation could be confirmed using the DNA mobility shift assay. These results indicate that the DNA mobility shift assay is useful for kinetic study of beta-amyloid aggregation as well as for testing of agents that might modulate beta-amyloid aggregation.
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Affiliation(s)
- B W Ahn
- Chonnam National University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hakdong 5, Donggu, Kwangju, 501-190, Korea.
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Jung YD, Kim MS, Lee KS, Kang IC, Nah AS, Song DU, Yang SY, Kim JK, Ahn BW. 2-(4-morpholinyl)-8-phenyl-4H-1-benzopyran-4-one (LY294002) inhibits nitric oxide production in cultured murine astrocytes. Pharmacol Res 1999; 40:423-7. [PMID: 10527657 DOI: 10.1006/phrs.1999.0533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The level of nitrite accumulation in the culture media of astrocytes activated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and interferon-gamma (IFN) was decreased by pretreatment of cells with LY294002, a quercetin derivative developed for phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor, in a dose-dependent manner. The expression of iNOS mRNA in the astrocytes was inhibited by LY294002, as revealed by reverse transcriptional polymerase chain reaction and agarose gel electrophoresis. The catalytic activity of astrocytic iNOS was also inhibited by LY294002. On the other hand, wortmannin which was known to enhance endotoxin-induced NO production in macrophages by inhibiting PI3K did not cause any significant change in the NO production and iNOS mRNA expression of the astrocytes. These results suggest that LY294002 suppresses NO production in the astrocytes through not only the inhibition of iNOS mRNA expression but also the inhibition of the iNOS activity and that PI3K is not involved in the inhibitory actions of LY294002.pc 1999 Academic Press@p$hr
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Chonnam University Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Hakdong, Donggu, Kwangju, 501-190, Korea
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Jung YD, Nakano K, Liu W, Gallick GE, Ellis LM. Extracellular signal-regulated kinase activation is required for up-regulation of vascular endothelial growth factor by serum starvation in human colon carcinoma cells. Cancer Res 1999; 59:4804-7. [PMID: 10519388] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/14/2023]
Abstract
Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic factor important for colon cancer neovascularization. In previous studies, serum starvation led to induction of VEGF in human colon carcinoma cells. We investigated the possible participation of mitogen-activated protein kinases in serum starvation induction of VEGF in the HT29 human colon carcinoma cell line. The extracellular signal-regulated kinases (Erks) 1 and 2 were activated after 3-6 h of serum starvation. Using transient transfection of VEGF promoter-reporter constructs, serum starvation led to an increase in VEGF promoter activity. An inhibitor of phosphorylation of Erk-1/2 blocked the increase of VEGF expression and promoter activity induced by serum starvation. Serum starvation activates several mitogen-activated protein kinases, but activation of Erk-1/2 is critical for the up-regulation of VEGF mRNA in colon carcinoma cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y D Jung
- Department of Cancer Biology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston 77030, USA
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Kim SM, Byun JS, Jung YD, Kang IC, Choi SY, Lee KY. The effects of oxygen radicals on the activity of nitric oxide synthase and guanylate cyclase. Exp Mol Med 1998; 30:221-6. [PMID: 9894152 DOI: 10.1038/emm.1998.32] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species such as superoxides, hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radicals have been suggested to be involved in the catalytic action of nitric oxide synthase (NOS) to produce NO from L-arginine. An examination was conducted on the effects of oxygen radical scavengers and oxygen radical-generating systems on the activity of neuronal NOS and guanylate cyclase (GC) in rat brains and NOS from the activated murine macrophage cell line J774. Catalase and superoxide dismutase (SOD) showed no significant effects on NOS or GC activity. Nitroblue tetrazolium (NBT, known as a superoxide radical scavenger) and peroxidase (POD) inhibited NOS, but their inhibitory actions were removed by increasing the concentration of arginine or NADPH respectively, in the reaction mixture. NOS and NO-dependent GC were inactivated by ascorbate/FeSO4 (a metal-catalyzed oxidation system), 2'2'-azobis-amidinopropane (a peroxy radical producer), and xanthine/xanthine oxidase (a superoxide generating system). The effects of oxygen radicals or antioxidants on the two isoforms of NOS were almost similar. However, H2O2 activated GC in a dose-dependent manner from 100 microM to 1 mM without significant effects on NOS. H2O2-induced GC activation was blocked by catalase. These results suggested that oxygen radicals inhibited NOS and GC, but H2O2 could activate GC directly.
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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Song DU, Ryu MH, Chay KO, Jung YD, Yang SY, Cha SH, Lee MW, Ahn BW. Effect of rebamipide on the glycosaminoglycan content of the ulcerated rat stomach. Fundam Clin Pharmacol 1998; 12:546-52. [PMID: 9794153 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-8206.1998.tb00984.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
To elucidate the mechanism of the anti-ulcer effect of rebamipide (2-(4-chlorobenzoylamino)-3-[2-(1H)-quinolinon-4-yl] propionic acid), changes in glycosaminoglycan (GAG), uronic acid and hexosamine contents of stomach tissue were examined in rats treated with the ulcer-inducing agents and/or rebamipide. Uronic acid and hexosamine contents in acid hydrolysates of stomach tissue were increased after diethyldithiocarbamate (DDC, 800 mg/kg, s.c.) or histamine (300 mg/kg, i.p.) treatment, and similar changes in the GAG, uronic acid, and hexosamine levels were observed in stomach tissue extracts. Pretreatment with rebamipide (60 mg/kg, i.p.) resulted in an additional increase in the contents of the above components after DDC or histamine treatment. However, rebamipide treatment alone did not increase the gastric contents of GAG and GAG components in normal rats. Gel filtration chromatography of extracted GAGs suggested that DDC, histamine and rebamipide treatments do not cause a change in the aggregated forms of gastric GAGs. These results suggest that rebamipide stimulates the GAG synthesis in the ulcerated stomach and that this effect may contribute to the healing process of gastric ulcer.
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Affiliation(s)
- D U Song
- Department of Biochemistry, Chonnam University Medical School, Kwangju, Korea
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Jung YD, Jeong HD. Bremsstrahlung in electron-ion Coulomb scattering in strongly coupled plasma using the hyperbolic-orbit trajectory method. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1996; 54:1912-1917. [PMID: 9965274 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.54.1912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jung YD, Cho ID. Minima of the orientation phenomena for direct s-p electron-ion excitations in dense plasmas. Phys Rev E Stat Phys Plasmas Fluids Relat Interdiscip Topics 1995; 52:5333-5337. [PMID: 9964032 DOI: 10.1103/physreve.52.5333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
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Jung YD. Screening effects for transition probabilities in collisions of charged particles with an atom or stripped ion. Phys Rev A 1994; 50:3895-3897. [PMID: 9911359 DOI: 10.1103/physreva.50.3895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
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