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Pettersen JS, Nielsen FD, Andreassen PR, Møller-Jensen J, Jørgensen M. A comprehensive analysis of pneumococcal two-component system regulatory networks. NAR Genom Bioinform 2024; 6:lqae039. [PMID: 38650915 PMCID: PMC11034029 DOI: 10.1093/nargab/lqae039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 04/12/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Two-component systems are key signal-transduction systems that enable bacteria to respond to a wide variety of environmental stimuli. The human pathogen, Streptococcus pneumoniae (pneumococcus) encodes 13 two-component systems and a single orphan response regulator, most of which are significant for pneumococcal pathogenicity. Mapping the regulatory networks governed by these systems is key to understand pneumococcal host adaptation. Here we employ a novel bioinformatic approach to predict the regulons of each two-component system based on publicly available whole-genome sequencing data. By employing pangenome-wide association studies (panGWAS) to predict genotype-genotype associations for each two-component system, we predicted regulon genes of 11 of the pneumococcal two-component systems. Through validation via next-generation RNA-sequencing on response regulator overexpression mutants, several top candidate genes predicted by the panGWAS analysis were confirmed as regulon genes. The present study presents novel details on multiple pneumococcal two-component systems, including an expansion of regulons, identification of candidate response regulator binding motifs, and identification of candidate response regulator-regulated small non-coding RNAs. We also demonstrate a use for panGWAS as a complementary tool in target gene identification via identification of genotype-to-genotype links. Expanding our knowledge on two-component systems in pathogens is crucial to understanding how these bacteria sense and respond to their host environment, which could prove useful in future drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jens Sivkær Pettersen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Flemming Damgaard Nielsen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
| | | | - Jakob Møller-Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Girke Jørgensen
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
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2
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Riveland E, Valborgland T, Ushakova A, Skadberg Ø, Karlsen T, Hole T, Støylen A, Dalen H, Videm V, Koppen E, Linke A, Delagardelle C, Van Craenenbroeck EM, Beckers P, Prescott E, Halle M, Omland T, Ellingsen Ø, Larsen AI. Exercise training and high-sensitivity cardiac troponin-I in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. ESC Heart Fail 2024; 11:1121-1132. [PMID: 38268237 DOI: 10.1002/ehf2.14674] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2023] [Accepted: 12/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
AIMS The aims of this sub-study of the SMARTEX trial were (1) to evaluate the effects of a 12-week exercise training programme on serum levels of high sensitivity cardiac troponin I (hs-cTnI) in patients with moderate chronic heart failure (CHF), in New York Heart Association class II-III with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and (2) to explore the associations with left ventricular remodelling, functional capacity and filling pressures measured with N-terminal pro brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP). METHODS AND RESULTS In this sub-study, 196 patients were randomly assigned to high intensity interval training (HIIT, n = 70), moderate continuous training (MCT, n = 59) or recommendation of regular exercise (RRE), (n = 67) for 12 weeks. To reveal potential difference between structured intervention and control, HIIT and MCT groups were merged and named supervised exercise training (SET) group. The RRE group constituted the control group (CG). To avoid contributing factors to myocardial injury, we also evaluated changes in patients without additional co-morbidities (atrial fibrillation, hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease). The relationship between hs-cTnI and left ventricular end-diastolic diameter (LVEDD), VO2peak, and NT-proBNP was analysed by linear mixed models. At 12 weeks, Hs-cTnI levels were modestly but significantly reduced in the SET group from median 11.9 ng/L (interquartile ratio, IQR 7.1-21.8) to 11.5 ng/L (IQR 7.0-20.7), P = 0.030. There was no between-group difference (SET vs. CG, P = 0.116). There was a numerical but not significant reduction in hs-cTnI for the whole population (P = 0.067) after 12 weeks. For the sub-group of patients without additional co-morbidities, there was a significant between-group difference: SET group (delta -1.2 ng/L, IQR -2.7 to 0.1) versus CG (delta -0.1 ng/L, IQR -0.4 to 0.7), P = 0.007. In the SET group, hs-cTnI changed from 10.9 ng/L (IQR 6.0-22.7) to 9.2 ng/L (IQR 5.2-20.5) (P = 0.002), whereas there was no change in the CG (6.4 to 5.8 ng/L, P = 0.64). Changes in hs-cTnI (all patients) were significantly associated with changes in; LVEDD, VO2peak, and NT-proBNP, respectively. CONCLUSIONS In patients with stable HFrEF, 12 weeks of structured exercise intervention was associated with a modest, but significant reduction of hs-cTnI. There was no significant difference between intervention group and control group. In the sub-group of patients without additional co-morbidities, this difference was highly significant. The alterations in hs-cTnI were associated with reduction of LVEDD and natriuretic peptide concentrations as well as improved functional capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Egil Riveland
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Stavanger, Norway
| | | | - Anastasia Ushakova
- Department of Research, Section of Biostatistics, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Øyvind Skadberg
- Department of Biochemistry, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
| | - Trine Karlsen
- Faculty of Nursing and Health Sciences, Nord University, Bodø, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Torstein Hole
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Cardiac Exercise Research Group, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Møre og Romsdal Health Trust, Ålesund Hospital, Ålesund, Norway
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Asbjørn Støylen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Håvard Dalen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Medicine, Levanger Hospital, Nord-Trøndelag Hospital Trust, Levanger, Norway
- Clinict of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Vibeke Videm
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Department of Immunology and Transfusion Medicine, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Elias Koppen
- Department of Clinical and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Axel Linke
- Technische Universität Dresden, Herzzentrum, Dresden, Germany
| | | | - Emeline M Van Craenenbroeck
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Paul Beckers
- Department of Cardiology, Antwerp University Hospital, Edegem, Belgium
- Research Group Cardiovascular Diseases, Translational Pathophysiological Research, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Eva Prescott
- Department of Cardiology, Bispebjerg University Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martin Halle
- Department of Prevention and Sports Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University Hospital 'Klinikum rechts der Isar', Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
- Munich Heart Alliance, DZHK (Deutsches Zentrum für Herz-Kreislauf-Forschung), partner site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Torbjørn Omland
- Department of Cardiology, Division of Medicine, Akershus University Hospital, Lørenskog, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Øyvind Ellingsen
- Department of Circulation and Medical Imaging, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim, Norway
- Clinict of Cardiology, St. Olavs University Hospital, Trondheim, Norway
| | - Alf Inge Larsen
- Department of Cardiology, Stavanger University Hospital, Stavanger, Norway
- Institute of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Stavanger, Norway
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3
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Funch AB, Ahlström MG, Johansen JD, Geisler C, Bonefeld CM. Neutrophil infiltration in allergic contact dermatitis to nickel. Br J Dermatol 2024; 190:569-570. [PMID: 38175745 DOI: 10.1093/bjd/ljad499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 11/21/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2024] [Indexed: 01/06/2024]
Abstract
Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is traditionally recognized as a T-cell-mediated delayed-type hypersensitivity reaction. However, many patients with ACD have been reported to experience rapid-onset ACD reactions within hours of re-exposure on skin areas previously exposed to the contact allergen. In this study, three nickel-allergic patients were patch tested for nickel twice at the same skin site over 21 days. The results demonstrated that neutrophils are rapidly recruited to the skin sites previously exposed to nickel, leading to the rapid onset of ACD. Considering that many patients with ACD are frequently re-exposed to contact allergens on the same skin areas in their daily lives, we propose that mechanisms involved in neutrophil recruitment could be potential targets for future ACD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anders B Funch
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Malin Glindvad Ahlström
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Jeanne D Johansen
- National Allergy Research Centre, Department of Dermato-Allergology, Copenhagen University Hospital Herlev-Gentofte, Hellerup, Denmark
| | - Carsten Geisler
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
| | - Charlotte M Bonefeld
- LEO Foundation Skin Immunology Research Center, Department of Immunology and Microbiology, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen
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Holm-Weber T, Skov F, Mohanakumar S, Thorup L, Riis T, Christensen MB, Sonne DP, Jensen PB, Bødtkjer DB, Hjortdal VE. Octreotide improves human lymphatic fluid transport a translational trial. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2024; 65:ezad380. [PMID: 37951584 PMCID: PMC10832356 DOI: 10.1093/ejcts/ezad380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2023] [Revised: 10/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Chylothorax is a complex condition and many different pharmacological agents have been tried as treatment. Octreotide is used off-label to treat chylothorax, but the efficacy of octreotide remains unclear. A decrease in lymph production is suggested as the mechanism. In this cross-over study, we explore the direct effect of octreotide on human lymphatic drainage. METHODS Pre-clinical: the effect of octreotide on force generation was assessed during acute and prolonged drug incubation on human lymphatic vessels mounted in a myograph. Clinical: in a double-blinded, randomized, cross-over trial including 16 healthy adults, we administered either octreotide or saline as an intravenous infusion for 2.5 h. Near-infrared fluorescence imaging was used to examine spontaneous lymphatic contractions and lymph pressure in peripheral lymphatic vessels and plethysmography was performed to assess the capillary filtration rate, capillary filtration coefficient and isovolumetric pressures of the lower leg. RESULTS Pre-clinical: human thoracic duct (n = 12) contraction rate was concentration-dependently stimulated by octreotide with a maximum effect at 10 and 100 nmol/l in the myograph chamber. Clinical: spontaneous lymphatic contractions and lymph pressure evaluated by near-infrared fluorescence did not differ between octreotide or placebo (P = 0.36). Plethysmography revealed similar capillary filtration coefficients (P = 0.057), but almost a doubling of the isovolumetric pressures (P = 0.005) during octreotide infusion. CONCLUSIONS Octreotide stimulated lymphatic contractility in the pre-clinical setup but did not affect the spontaneous lymphatic contractions or lymph pressure in healthy individuals. Plethysmography revealed a doubling in the isovolumetric pressure. These results suggest that octreotide increases lymphatic drainage capacity in situations with high lymphatic afterload.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Frederik Skov
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Lene Thorup
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Rigshospitalet, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Troels Riis
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Mikkel Bring Christensen
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Copenhagen Center for Translational Research, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - David Peick Sonne
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Copenhagen University Hospital—Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Per Bo Jensen
- Department of Biochemistry, Bispebjerg Hospital, Copenhagen, Denmark
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Albertsen A. Priority for Organ Donors in the Allocation of Organs: Priority Rules from the Perspective of Equality of Opportunity. J Med Philos 2023:7180803. [PMID: 37235745 DOI: 10.1093/jmp/jhad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Should priority in the allocation of organs be given to those who have previously donated or declared their willingness to do so? This article examines the Israeli priority rule in light of two prominent critiques of priority rules, pertaining to failure to reciprocate and unfairness. The scope and content of these critiques are interpreted from the perspective of equality of opportunity. Because the Israeli priority rule may be reasonably criticized for unfairness and failing to reward certain behaviors, the article develops an adjusted priority rule, which removes and adjust the elements in the Israeli priority rule deemed problematic. However, such a priority rule is complex to the extent that it may fail to increase donation rates and furthermore introduce new concerns of fairness, as the better off may be better able to navigate the complex adjusted priority rule.
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Meinich Juhl S, Angeliki Krogfelt K, Kot W, Sandris Nielsen D, Krych L. Used Nasogastric Feeding Tubes from Neonates Contain Infant-Specific Bacterial Profiles. Microorganisms 2023; 11:1365. [PMID: 37374868 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11061365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Revised: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 05/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Nasogastric feeding tubes (NG-tubes) from neonates contain potentially pathogenic bacteria. Using culture-based techniques, we have previously determined that the usage duration of NG-tubes did not impact the colonization of the nasogastric tubes. In the present study, we performed 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing to evaluate the microbial profile of 94 used nasogastric tubes collected from a single neonatal intensive care unit. Using culture-based whole genome sequencing, we as-sessed whether the same strain persisted in NG-tubes collected from the same neonate across different time-points. We found that the most commonly occurring Gram-negative bacteria were Enterobacteriaceae, Klebsiella and Serratia, while the most common Gram-positive bacteria were staphylococci and streptococci. The microbiota of the NG-feeding tube was overall infant-specific, rather than dependent on the duration of use. Furthermore, we determined that reoccurring species from the individual infant represented the same strain and that several strains were common for more than one infant. Our findings indicate that bacterial profiles found in NG-tubes of neonates are host-specific, not dependent on the duration of use and strongly influenced by the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Meinich Juhl
- Department of Neonatology, Rigshospitalet-Copenhagen University Hospital, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Karen Angeliki Krogfelt
- Department of Virus and Microbiological Special Diagnostics, Statens Serum Institut, 2300 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Science and Environment, Roskilde University, 4000 Roskilde, Denmark
| | - Witold Kot
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, University of Copenhagen, 1871 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Dennis Sandris Nielsen
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Lukasz Krych
- Department of Food Science, Faculty of Science, University of Copenhagen, Rolighedsvej 26, 1958 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
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Søgaard R, Diederichsen A, Lindholt J. The impact of population screening for cardiovascular disease on quality of life. Eur Heart J Open 2023; 3:oead055. [PMID: 37293138 PMCID: PMC10246813 DOI: 10.1093/ehjopen/oead055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Aims To examine the impact of population screening-generated events on quality of life: invitation, positive test result, initiation of preventive medication, enrolment in follow-up at the surgical department, and preventive surgical repair. Methods and results A difference-in-difference design based on data collected alongside two randomized controlled trials where general population men were randomized to screening for cardiovascular disease or to no screening. Repeated measurements of health-related quality of life (HRQoL) were conducted up to 3 years after inclusion using all relevant scales of the EuroQol instrument: the anxiety/depression dimension, the EuroQol 5-dimension profile index (using Danish preference weights), and the visual analogue scale for global health. We compare the mean change scores from before to after events for groups experiencing vs. not experiencing the events. Propensity score matching is additionally used to provide both unmatched and matched results. Invitees reported to be marginally better off than non-invitees on all scales of the EuroQol. For events of receiving the test result, initiating preventive medication, being enrolled in surveillance, and undergoing surgical repair, we observed no impact on overall HRQoL but a minor impact of being enrolled in surveillance on emotional distress, which did not persist after matching. Conclusion The often-claimed detrimental consequences of screening to HRQoL could not be generally confirmed. Amongst the screening events assessed, only two possible consequences were revealed: a reassurance effect after a negative screening test and a minor negative impact to emotional distress of being enrolled in surveillance that did not spill over to overall HRQoL.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Axel Diederichsen
- Department of Cardiology, Odense University Hospital, Odense, Denmark
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8
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Corsi GI, Gadekar VP, Gorodkin J, Seemann SE. CRISPRroots: on- and off-target assessment of RNA-seq data in CRISPR-Cas9 edited cells. Nucleic Acids Res 2022; 50:e20. [PMID: 34850137 PMCID: PMC8887420 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkab1131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2021] [Revised: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The CRISPR-Cas9 genome editing tool is used to study genomic variants and gene knockouts, and can be combined with transcriptomic analyses to measure the effects of such alterations on gene expression. But how can one be sure that differential gene expression is due to a successful intended edit and not to an off-target event, without performing an often resource-demanding genome-wide sequencing of the edited cell or strain? To address this question we developed CRISPRroots: CRISPR-Cas9-mediated edits with accompanying RNA-seq data assessed for on-target and off-target sites. Our method combines Cas9 and guide RNA binding properties, gene expression changes, and sequence variants between edited and non-edited cells to discover potential off-targets. Applied on seven public datasets, CRISPRroots identified critical off-target candidates that were overlooked in all of the corresponding previous studies. CRISPRroots is available via https://rth.dk/resources/crispr.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia I Corsi
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Veerendra P Gadekar
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Jan Gorodkin
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
| | - Stefan E Seemann
- Center for non-coding RNA in Technology and Health, Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Thorvaldsensvej 57, 1871 Frederiksberg, Denmark
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9
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Toppi A, Dufva M. Accessible, fast and easy fabrication of hydrophilic-in-hydrophobic microdroplet arrays. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0263282. [PMID: 35213568 PMCID: PMC8880433 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0263282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Microdroplet arrays (MDAs) are powerful tools for digital immunoassays, high-throughput screening and single cell analysis. However, MDAs are usually produced with cleanroom processes, which are associated with high costs and low availability. Furthermore, in order to obtain robust and stable MDAs based on hydrophilic spots surrounded by a hydrophobic background, the chemistry must be strictly controlled, which is challenging using shared equipment. Here, we developed a new method to fabricate MDA substrates independently from the cleanroom. A small and low-cost in-house built system to collimate the light source was assembled for photopatterning a negative resist, and spots with diameters down to 4 μm were obtained, with only 3% to 5% spot-to-spot variation across the same sample and high batch-to-batch reproducibility. The use of a negative photoresist enabled the formation of a hydrophobic coating in solution which yielded high-quality MDAs. The feasibility for carrying out digital assays was demonstrated by measuring anti-Tau antibody in sample buffers containing bovine serum albumin, with no noticeable surface fouling. The reported, robust, cost-effective, and fast process could hence lower the threshold to fabricate and use MDAs for digital immunoassays and other microcompartmentalization-based applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arianna Toppi
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Martin Dufva
- Department of Health Technology, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- * E-mail:
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10
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Rønnov-Jessen L, Kim J, Goldhammer N, Klitgaard MC, Smicius M, Bechmann MB, Villadsen R, Petersen OW. Desensitization of human breast progenitors by a transient exposure to pregnancy levels of estrogen. Sci Rep 2021; 11:17232. [PMID: 34446796 PMCID: PMC8390656 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-96785-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Full term pregnancy at an early age is the only factor known to consistently protect against breast cancer. Because hormone receptor positive progenitors in the human breast relay endocrine signaling, we here sought to determine whether an experimental mimicry of the third trimester surge of hormones would change their susceptibility to growth stimulation. Hormone receptor positive, reduction mammoplasty-derived human breast epithelial progenitors were exposed to a short-term, pregnancy-level of estradiol, and their subsequent response to estradiol stimulation was analyzed. Exposure to pregnancy-level of estradiol results in subsequent lower sensitivity to estrogen-induced proliferation. Expression array and immunoblotting reveal upregulation of S100A7 and down-regulation of p27, both associated with parity and epithelial differentiation. Notably, we find that the epithelial differentiation is accompanied by upregulation of E-cadherin and down-regulation of vimentin as well as by diminished migration and more mature luminal epithelial differentiation in a mouse transplantation model. Our findings are in support of a de-sensitization mechanism for pregnancy-induced prevention against breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lone Rønnov-Jessen
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark.
| | - Jiyoung Kim
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Nadine Goldhammer
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Marie Christine Klitgaard
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Martynas Smicius
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
| | - Marc Baker Bechmann
- Section for Cell Biology and Physiology, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2100, Copenhagen Ø, Denmark
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - René Villadsen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Ole William Petersen
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Medicine, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Stem Cell Biology, University of Copenhagen, 2200, Copenhagen N, Denmark
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11
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Dueholm MS, Andersen KS, McIlroy SJ, Kristensen JM, Yashiro E, Karst SM, Albertsen M, Nielsen PH. Generation of Comprehensive Ecosystem-Specific Reference Databases with Species-Level Resolution by High-Throughput Full-Length 16S rRNA Gene Sequencing and Automated Taxonomy Assignment (AutoTax). mBio 2020; 11:e01557-20. [PMID: 32963001 PMCID: PMC7512547 DOI: 10.1128/mbio.01557-20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 49] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
High-throughput 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing is an essential method for studying the diversity and dynamics of microbial communities. However, this method is presently hampered by the lack of high-identity reference sequences for many environmental microbes in the public 16S rRNA gene reference databases and by the absence of a systematic and comprehensive taxonomy for the uncultured majority. Here, we demonstrate how high-throughput synthetic long-read sequencing can be applied to create ecosystem-specific full-length 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequence variant (FL-ASV) resolved reference databases that include high-identity references (>98.7% identity) for nearly all abundant bacteria (>0.01% relative abundance) using Danish wastewater treatment systems and anaerobic digesters as an example. In addition, we introduce a novel sequence identity-based approach for automated taxonomy assignment (AutoTax) that provides a complete seven-rank taxonomy for all reference sequences, using the SILVA taxonomy as a backbone, with stable placeholder names for unclassified taxa. The FL-ASVs are perfectly suited for the evaluation of taxonomic resolution and bias associated with primers commonly used for amplicon sequencing, allowing researchers to choose those that are ideal for their ecosystem. Reference databases processed with AutoTax greatly improves the classification of short-read 16S rRNA ASVs at the genus- and species-level, compared with the commonly used universal reference databases. Importantly, the placeholder names provide a way to explore the unclassified environmental taxa at different taxonomic ranks, which in combination with in situ analyses can be used to uncover their ecological roles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Morten Simonsen Dueholm
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Kasper Skytte Andersen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Simon Jon McIlroy
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Jannie Munk Kristensen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Erika Yashiro
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Søren Michael Karst
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Mads Albertsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Per Halkjær Nielsen
- Center for Microbial Communities, Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Aalborg, Denmark
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Abstract
The concept that anaerobic microorganisms can directly accept electrons from Fe(0) has been controversial because direct metal-microbe electron transfer has previously only been indirectly inferred. Fe(0) oxidation was studied with Geobacter sulfurreducens strain ACL, an autotrophic strain that was previously shown to grow with electrons derived from a graphite cathode as the sole electron donor. Strain ACL grew with Fe(0) as the sole electron donor and fumarate as the electron acceptor. However, it appeared that at least a portion of the electron transfer was via H2 produced nonenzymatically from the oxidation of Fe(0) to Fe(II). H2, which accumulated in abiotic controls, was consumed during the growth of strain ACL, the cells were predominately planktonic, and genes for the uptake hydrogenase were highly expressed. Strain ACLHF was constructed to prevent growth on H2 or formate by deleting the genes for the uptake of hydrogenase and formate dehydrogenases from strain ACL. Strain ACLHF also grew with Fe(0) as the sole electron donor, but H2 accumulated in the culture, and cells heavily colonized Fe(0) surfaces with no visible planktonic growth. Transcriptomics suggested that the outer surface c-type cytochromes OmcS and OmcZ were important during growth of strain ACLHF on Fe(0). Strain ACLHF did not grow on Fe(0) if the gene for either of these cytochromes was deleted. The specific attachment of strain ACLHF to Fe(0), coupled with requirements for known extracellular electrical contacts, suggest that direct metal-microbe electron transfer is the most likely option for Fe(0) serving as an electron donor.IMPORTANCE The anaerobic corrosion of iron structures is expensive to repair and can be a safety and environmental concern. It has been known for over 100 years that the presence of anaerobic respiratory microorganisms can accelerate iron corrosion. Multiple studies have suggested that there are sulfate reducers, methanogens, and acetogens that can directly accept electrons from Fe(0) to support sulfate or carbon dioxide reduction. However, all of the strains studied can also use H2 as an electron donor for growth, which is known to be abiotically produced from Fe(0). Furthermore, no proteins definitely shown to function as extracellular electrical contacts with Fe(0) were identified. The studies described here demonstrate that direct electron transfer from Fe(0) can support anaerobic respiration. They also map out a simple genetic approach to the study of iron corrosion mechanisms in other microorganisms. A better understanding of how microorganisms promote iron corrosion is expected to lead to the development of strategies that can help reduce adverse impacts from this process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Tang
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill IV Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Lab for Organic Solid Waste Utilization, National Engineering Research Center for Organic-based Fertilizers, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center for Solid Organic Waster Resource Utilization, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dawn E Holmes
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill IV Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Physical and Biological Sciences, Western New England University, Springfield, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Toshiyuki Ueki
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill IV Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Paola A Palacios
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill IV Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Derek R Lovley
- Department of Microbiology, Morrill IV Science Center, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
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13
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Komseli ES, Pateras IS, Krejsgaard T, Stawiski K, Rizou SV, Polyzos A, Roumelioti FM, Chiourea M, Mourkioti I, Paparouna E, Zampetidis CP, Gumeni S, Trougakos IP, Pefani DE, O’Neill E, Gagos S, Eliopoulos AG, Fendler W, Chowdhury D, Bartek J, Gorgoulis VG. A prototypical non-malignant epithelial model to study genome dynamics and concurrently monitor micro-RNAs and proteins in situ during oncogene-induced senescence. BMC Genomics 2018; 19:37. [PMID: 29321003 PMCID: PMC5763532 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-017-4375-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 12/11/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Senescence is a fundamental biological process implicated in various pathologies, including cancer. Regarding carcinogenesis, senescence signifies, at least in its initial phases, an anti-tumor response that needs to be circumvented for cancer to progress. Micro-RNAs, a subclass of regulatory, non-coding RNAs, participate in senescence regulation. At the subcellular level micro-RNAs, similar to proteins, have been shown to traffic between organelles influencing cellular behavior. The differential function of micro-RNAs relative to their subcellular localization and their role in senescence biology raises concurrent in situ analysis of coding and non-coding gene products in senescent cells as a necessity. However, technical challenges have rendered in situ co-detection unfeasible until now. METHODS In the present report we describe a methodology that bypasses these technical limitations achieving for the first time simultaneous detection of both a micro-RNA and a protein in the biological context of cellular senescence, utilizing the new commercially available SenTraGorTM compound. The method was applied in a prototypical human non-malignant epithelial model of oncogene-induced senescence that we generated for the purposes of the study. For the characterization of this novel system, we applied a wide range of cellular and molecular techniques, as well as high-throughput analysis of the transcriptome and micro-RNAs. RESULTS This experimental setting has three advantages that are presented and discussed: i) it covers a "gap" in the molecular carcinogenesis field, as almost all corresponding in vitro models are fibroblast-based, even though the majority of neoplasms have epithelial origin, ii) it recapitulates the precancerous and cancerous phases of epithelial tumorigenesis within a short time frame under the light of natural selection and iii) it uses as an oncogenic signal, the replication licensing factor CDC6, implicated in both DNA replication and transcription when over-expressed, a characteristic that can be exploited to monitor RNA dynamics. CONCLUSIONS Consequently, we demonstrate that our model is optimal for studying the molecular basis of epithelial carcinogenesis shedding light on the tumor-initiating events. The latter may reveal novel molecular targets with clinical benefit. Besides, since this method can be incorporated in a wide range of low, medium or high-throughput image-based approaches, we expect it to be broadly applicable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eirini-Stavroula Komseli
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S. Pateras
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Thorbjørn Krejsgaard
- Department of Immunology and Microbiology, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3c, DK-2200 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Konrad Stawiski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
| | - Sophia V. Rizou
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Alexander Polyzos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Fani-Marlen Roumelioti
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Maria Chiourea
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioanna Mourkioti
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Eleni Paparouna
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Christos P. Zampetidis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Sentiljana Gumeni
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis P. Trougakos
- Department of Cell Biology and Biophysics, Faculty of Biology, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, GR-15784 Athens, Greece
| | - Dafni-Eleftheria Pefani
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Eric O’Neill
- CRUK/MRC Institute for Radiation Oncology, Department of Oncology, University of Oxford, Oxford, OX3 7DQ UK
| | - Sarantis Gagos
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
| | - Aristides G. Eliopoulos
- Department of Biology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research & Technology-Hellas, GR-70013 Heraklion, Crete Greece
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, 15 Mazowiecka St. 92-215, Lodz, Poland
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
| | - Dipanjan Chowdhury
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, 450 Brookline Ave, Boston, MA 02215 USA
- Harvard Medical School, 25 Shattuck St, Boston, MA 02115 USA
| | - Jiri Bartek
- Genome Integrity Unit, Danish Cancer Society Research Centre, Strandboulevarden 49, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Hněvotínská, 1333/5, 779 00 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institute, Science for Life Laboratory, Division of Translational Medicine and Chemical Biology, SE-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Vassilis G. Gorgoulis
- Molecular Carcinogenesis Group, Department of Histology and Embryology, School of Medicine, National & Kapodistrian University of Athens, 75 Mikras Asias St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Biomedical Research Foundation of the Academy of Athens, 4 Soranou Ephessiou St, GR-11527 Athens, Greece
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Wilmslow Road, Manchester, M20 4QL UK
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Cameron KA, Stibal M, Olsen NS, Mikkelsen AB, Elberling B, Jacobsen CS. Potential Activity of Subglacial Microbiota Transported to Anoxic River Delta Sediments. Microb Ecol 2017; 74:6-9. [PMID: 28070677 PMCID: PMC5486838 DOI: 10.1007/s00248-016-0926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2016] [Accepted: 12/26/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The Watson River drains a portion of the SW Greenland ice sheet, transporting microbial communities from subglacial environments to a delta at the head of Søndre Strømfjord. This study investigates the potential activity and community shifts of glacial microbiota deposited and buried under layers of sediments within the river delta. A long-term (12-month) incubation experiment was established using Watson River delta sediment under anaerobic conditions, with and without CO2/H2 enrichment. Within CO2/H2-amended incubations, sulphate depletion and a shift in the microbial community to a 52% predominance of Desulfosporosinus meridiei by day 371 provides evidence for sulphate reduction. We found evidence of methanogenesis in CO2/H2-amended incubations within the first 5 months, with production rates of ~4 pmol g-1 d-1, which was likely performed by methanogenic Methanomicrobiales- and Methanosarcinales-related organisms. Later, a reduction in methane was observed to be paired with the depletion of sulphate, and we hypothesise that sulphate reduction out competed hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis. The structure and diversity of the original CO2/H2-amended incubation communities changed dramatically with a major shift in predominant community members and a decline in diversity and cell abundance. These results highlight the need for further investigations into the fate of subglacial microbiota within downstream environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karen A Cameron
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark.
- Institute of Biological, Environmental and Rural Sciences (IBERS), Aberystwyth University, Penglais, Aberystwyth, SY23 3FL, UK.
| | - Marek Stibal
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Ecology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 7, 128 43, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Nikoline S Olsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Andreas B Mikkelsen
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bo Elberling
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Carsten S Jacobsen
- Department of Geochemistry, Geological Survey of Denmark and Greenland (GEUS), Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Center for Permafrost (CENPERM), University of Copenhagen, Øster Voldgade 10, DK-1350, Copenhagen, Denmark
- Department of Environmental Science, Aarhus University, Frederiksborgvej 399, DK-4000, Roskilde, Denmark
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15
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Neidleman JA, Chen JC, Kohgadai N, Müller JA, Laustsen A, Thavachelvam K, Jang KS, Stürzel CM, Jones JJ, Ochsenbauer C, Chitre A, Somsouk M, Garcia MM, Smith JF, Greenblatt RM, Münch J, Jakobsen MR, Giudice LC, Greene WC, Roan NR. Mucosal stromal fibroblasts markedly enhance HIV infection of CD4+ T cells. PLoS Pathog 2017; 13:e1006163. [PMID: 28207890 PMCID: PMC5312882 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1006163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2016] [Accepted: 01/02/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Understanding early events of HIV transmission within mucosal tissues is vital for developing effective prevention strategies. Here, we report that primary stromal fibroblasts isolated from endometrium, cervix, foreskin, male urethra, and intestines significantly increase HIV infection of CD4+ T cells-by up to 37-fold for R5-tropic HIV and 100-fold for X4-tropic HIV-without themselves becoming infected. Fibroblasts were more efficient than dendritic cells at trans-infection and mediate this response in the absence of the DC-SIGN and Siglec-1 receptors. In comparison, mucosal epithelial cells secrete antivirals and inhibit HIV infection. These data suggest that breaches in the epithelium allow external or luminal HIV to escape an antiviral environment to access the infection-favorable environment of the stromal fibroblasts, and suggest that resident fibroblasts have a central, but previously unrecognized, role in HIV acquisition at mucosal sites. Inhibiting fibroblast-mediated enhancement of HIV infection should be considered as a novel prevention strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason A. Neidleman
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Joseph C. Chen
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Nargis Kohgadai
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Janis A. Müller
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anders Laustsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | | | - Karen S. Jang
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | | | - Jennifer J. Jones
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Christina Ochsenbauer
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
- Center for AIDS Research, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, United States of America
| | - Avantika Chitre
- Department of Medicine, Division of Experimental Medicine, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ma Somsouk
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, San Francisco General Hospital and University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Maurice M. Garcia
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - James F. Smith
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Ruth M. Greenblatt
- Departments of Clinical Pharmacy, Medicine, Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA United States of America
| | - Jan Münch
- Institute of Molecular Virology, Ulm University Medical Center, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin R. Jakobsen
- Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
- Aarhus Research Centre for Innate Immunology, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark
| | - Linda C. Giudice
- Center for Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Warner C. Greene
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Departments of Medicine, Microbiology, and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
| | - Nadia R. Roan
- Gladstone Institute of Virology and Immunology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- Department of Urology, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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