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Lambooij JM, Tak T, Zaldumbide A, Guigas B. A 30-color spectral flow cytometry panel for comprehensive analysis of immune cell composition and macrophage subsets in mouse metabolic organs. Cytometry A 2024. [PMID: 38651815 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.a.24845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation, also known as metaflammation, results from alterations of the immune response in metabolic organs and contributes to the development of fatty liver diseases and type 2 diabetes. The diversity of tissue-resident leukocytes involved in these metabolic dysfunctions warrants an in-depth immunophenotyping in order to elucidate disease etiology. Here, we present a 30-color, full spectrum flow cytometry panel, designed to (i) identify the major innate and adaptive immune cell subsets in murine liver and white adipose tissues and (ii) discriminate various tissue-specific myeloid subsets known to contribute to the development of metabolic dysfunctions. This panel notably allows for distinguishing embryonically-derived liver-resident Kupffer cells from newly recruited monocyte-derived macrophages and KCs. Furthermore, several adipose tissue macrophage (ATM) subsets, including perivascular macrophages, lipid-associated macrophages, and pro-inflammatory CD11c+ ATMs, can also be identified. Finally, the panel includes cell-surface markers that have been associated with metabolic activation of different macrophage and dendritic cell subsets. Altogether, our spectral flow cytometry panel allows for an extensive immunophenotyping of murine metabolic tissues, with a particular focus on metabolically-relevant myeloid cell subsets, and can easily be adjusted to include various new markers if needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joost M Lambooij
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Tamar Tak
- Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell & Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Bruno Guigas
- Leiden University Center of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Paz-Barba M, Muñoz Garcia A, de Winter TJJ, de Graaf N, van Agen M, van der Sar E, Lambregtse F, Daleman L, van der Slik A, Zaldumbide A, de Koning EJP, Carlotti F. Apolipoprotein L genes are novel mediators of inflammation in beta cells. Diabetologia 2024; 67:124-136. [PMID: 37924378 PMCID: PMC10709252 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-06033-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 11/06/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Inflammation induces beta cell dysfunction and demise but underlying molecular mechanisms remain unclear. The apolipoprotein L (APOL) family of genes has been associated with innate immunity and apoptosis in non-pancreatic cell types, but also with metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Here, we hypothesised that APOL genes play a role in inflammation-induced beta cell damage. METHODS We used single-cell transcriptomics datasets of primary human pancreatic islet cells to study the expression of APOL genes upon specific stress conditions. Validation of the findings was carried out in EndoC-βH1 cells and primary human islets. Finally, we performed loss- and gain-of-function experiments to investigate the role of APOL genes in beta cells. RESULTS APOL genes are expressed in primary human beta cells and APOL1, 2 and 6 are strongly upregulated upon inflammation via the Janus kinase (JAK)-signal transducer and activator of transcription (STAT) pathway. APOL1 overexpression increases endoplasmic reticulum stress while APOL1 knockdown prevents cytokine-induced beta cell death and interferon-associated response. Furthermore, we found that APOL genes are upregulated in beta cells from donors with type 2 diabetes compared with donors without diabetes mellitus. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION APOLs are novel regulators of islet inflammation and may contribute to beta cell damage during the development of diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY scRNAseq data generated by our laboratory and used in this study are available in the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ ), accession number GSE218316.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miriam Paz-Barba
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Amadeo Muñoz Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Twan J J de Winter
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Natascha de Graaf
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten van Agen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Elisa van der Sar
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ferdy Lambregtse
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Lizanne Daleman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Eelco J P de Koning
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Thomaidou S, Munoz Garcia A, de Lange S, Gan J, van der Slik AR, Hoeben RC, Roep BO, Carlotti F, Zaldumbide A. IFNɣ but not IFNα increases recognition of insulin defective ribosomal product-derived antigen to amplify islet autoimmunity. Diabetologia 2023; 66:2075-2086. [PMID: 37581620 PMCID: PMC10542729 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-023-05991-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS The inflammatory milieu characteristic of insulitis affects translation fidelity and generates defective ribosomal products (DRiPs) that participate in autoimmune beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. Here, we studied the role of early innate cytokines (IFNα) and late immune adaptive events (IFNɣ) in insulin DRiP-derived peptide presentation to diabetogenic CD8+ T cells. METHODS Single-cell transcriptomics of human pancreatic islets was used to study the composition of the (immuno)proteasome. Specific inhibition of the immunoproteasome catalytic subunits was achieved using siRNA, and antigenic peptide presentation at the cell surface of the human beta cell line EndoC-βH1 was monitored using peptide-specific CD8 T cells. RESULTS We found that IFNγ induces the expression of the PSMB10 transcript encoding the β2i catalytic subunit of the immunoproteasome in endocrine beta cells, revealing a critical role in insulin DRiP-derived peptide presentation to T cells. Moreover, we showed that PSMB10 is upregulated in a beta cell subset that is preferentially destroyed in the pancreases of individuals with type 1 diabetes. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data highlight the role of the degradation machinery in beta cell immunogenicity and emphasise the need for evaluation of targeted immunoproteasome inhibitors to limit beta cell destruction in type 1 diabetes. DATA AVAILABILITY The single-cell RNA-seq dataset is available from the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) using the accession number GSE218316 ( https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/query/acc.cgi?acc=GSE218316 ).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sofia Thomaidou
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Amadeo Munoz Garcia
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Sabine de Lange
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jin Gan
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arno R van der Slik
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Rob C Hoeben
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Françoise Carlotti
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Arnaud Zaldumbide
- Department of Cell and Chemical Biology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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Wyatt RC, Hagopian WA, Roep BO, Patel KA, Resnick B, Dobbs R, Hudson M, De Franco E, Ellard S, Flanagan SE, Hattersley AT, Oram RA, Johnson MB. Congenital beta cell defects are not associated with markers of islet autoimmunity, even in the context of high genetic risk for type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2022; 65:1179-1184. [PMID: 35501400 PMCID: PMC9174109 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-022-05697-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2021] [Accepted: 02/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS A key unanswered question in type 1 diabetes is whether beta cells initiate their own destruction or are victims of an aberrant immune response (beta cell suicide or homicide?). To investigate this, we assessed islet autoantibodies in individuals with congenital beta cell defects causing neonatal diabetes mellitus (NDM). METHODS We measured autoantibodies to GAD (GADA), islet antigen-2 (IA-2A) and zinc transporter 8 (ZnT8A) in 242 individuals with NDM (median age diagnosed 1.8 months [IQR 0.39-2.9 months]; median age collected 4.6 months [IQR 1.8-27.6 months]; median diabetes duration 2 months [IQR 0.6-23 months]), including 75 whose NDM resulted from severe beta cell endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress. As a control cohort we also tested samples from 69 diabetes-free individuals (median age collected 9.9 months [IQR 9.0-48.6 months]) for autoantibodies. RESULTS We found low prevalence of islet autoantibodies in individuals with monogenic NDM; 13/242 (5.4% [95% CI 2.9, 9.0%]) had detectable GADA, IA-2A and/or ZnT8A. This was similar to the proportion in the control participants who did not have diabetes (1/69 positive [1.4%, 95% CI 0.03, 7.8%], p=0.3). Importantly, monogenic individuals with beta cell ER stress had a similar rate of GADA/IA-2A/ZnT8A positivity to non-ER stress aetiologies (2.7% [95% CI 0.3, 9.3%] vs 6.6% [95% CI 3.3, 11.5%] p=0.4). We observed no association between islet autoimmunity and genetic risk, age at testing (including 30 individuals >10 years at testing) or diabetes duration (p>0.4 for all). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Our data support the hypothesis that beta cell stress/dysfunction alone does not lead to the production of islet autoantibodies, even in the context of high-risk HLA types. This suggests that additional factors are required to trigger an autoimmune response towards beta cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca C Wyatt
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Bart O Roep
- Department of Internal Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Kashyap A Patel
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Brittany Resnick
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Rebecca Dobbs
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | - Michelle Hudson
- National Institute for Health Research Exeter Clinical Research Facility, Royal Devon and Exeter NHS Foundation Trust, Exeter, UK
| | | | - Elisa De Franco
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sian Ellard
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Sarah E Flanagan
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Andrew T Hattersley
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Richard A Oram
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK
| | - Matthew B Johnson
- Institute of Biomedical and Clinical Science, University of Exeter Medical School, Exeter, UK.
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Sojoodi M, Stradiot L, Tanaka K, Heremans Y, Leuckx G, Besson V, Staels W, Van de Casteele M, Marazzi G, Sassoon D, Heimberg H, Bonfanti P. The zinc finger transcription factor PW1/PEG3 restrains murine beta cell cycling. Diabetologia 2016; 59:1474-1479. [PMID: 27130279 PMCID: PMC4901110 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-3954-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pw1 or paternally-expressed gene 3 (Peg3) encodes a zinc finger transcription factor that is widely expressed during mouse embryonic development and later restricted to multiple somatic stem cell lineages in the adult. The aim of the present study was to define Pw1 expression in the embryonic and adult pancreas and investigate its role in the beta cell cycle in Pw1 wild-type and mutant mice. METHODS We analysed PW1 expression by immunohistochemistry in pancreas of nonpregant and pregnant mice and following injury by partial duct ligation. Its role in the beta cell cycle was studied in vivo using a novel conditional knockout mouse and in vitro by lentivirus-mediated gene knockdown. RESULTS We showed that PW1 is expressed in early pancreatic progenitors at E9.5 but becomes progressively restricted to fully differentiated beta cells as they become established after birth and withdraw from the cell cycle. Notably, PW1 expression declines when beta cells are induced to proliferate and loss of PW1 function activates the beta cell cycle. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION These results indicate that PW1 is a co-regulator of the beta cell cycle and can thus be considered a novel therapeutic target in diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mozhdeh Sojoodi
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Leslie Stradiot
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Karo Tanaka
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Team, Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Inserm UMRS-1166, University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Yves Heremans
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Gunter Leuckx
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Vanessa Besson
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Team, Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Inserm UMRS-1166, University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Willem Staels
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Mark Van de Casteele
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Marazzi
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Team, Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Inserm UMRS-1166, University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - David Sassoon
- Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine Team, Institute of Cardiology and Nutrition, Inserm UMRS-1166, University Pierre and Marie Curie (Paris VI), Paris, France
| | - Harry Heimberg
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Paola Bonfanti
- Diabetes Research Center, Vrije Universiteit Brussel, Laarbeeklaan 103, 1090, Brussels, Belgium.
- Institute of Child Health, University College London, 30 Guilford Street, WC1N 1EH, London, UK.
- Institute of Immunity and Transplantation, University College London, London, UK.
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