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Liu J, Xia YG, Sun HD, Hu B, Zhang B, Lu Q. Insight into the fate of nitrogen during char thermal conversion and the influence mechanism of potassium: A theoretical research. Sci Total Environ 2024; 912:168880. [PMID: 38040354 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.168880] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/23/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Nitrogen oxides (NOₓ) are primary pollutants produced during biomass combustion. During the devolatilization stage, char nitrogen (char(N)) is formed. In the subsequent char combustion stage, char(N) can decompose directly into NOx precursors or engage in heterogeneous reactions with O2 or NO to form NO and N2. Nonetheless, a comprehensive understanding of the reaction mechanisms and competitiveness of char(N) migration, especially the influence of the alkali metal potassium (K) present in biomass, remains incomplete. Building on the Zigzag char(N) models, the present study delves into the migration reactions of char(N), assessing their competitive dynamics through the integration of density functional theory, electronic structure analysis, and conventional transition state theory. Furthermore, it examines the impact of K on char(N) conversion. The competitiveness of the heterogeneous reactions follows the sequence: heterogeneous reduction of NO to N2 > heterogeneous oxidation of char(N) to NO > decomposition of char(N) to NOx precursors. Moreover, the formation of HCN is more favorable than NH₃ production. The successive conversion from char(N) to NO and then to N2 is the predominant migration route for char(N), with NO generation as the pivotal step. The less preferred char(N) migration route involves decomposition to NH3/HCN, followed by oxidation to NOx within the main combustion zone, which cannot be mitigated by char. K can accelerate NO generation and sustain the primacy of the heterogeneous NO reduction, consequently enhancing the oxidation-reduction process of char(N). As a result, K plays a constructive role in managing NOx emissions during the thermal conversion of char.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Liu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China; Suzhou Institute of North China Electric Power University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215123, PR China
| | - Yuan-Gu Xia
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Huai-de Sun
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Bin Hu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
| | - Bing Zhang
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China
| | - Qiang Lu
- National Engineering Research Center of New Energy Power Generation, North China Electric Power University, Beijing 102206, PR China.
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Tortajada A, Hevia E. Uncovering the Untapped Potential of the Use of Sodium Amides for Regioselective Arene Functionalisation. Chimia (Aarau) 2023; 77:225-229. [PMID: 38047801 DOI: 10.2533/chimia.2023.225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Alkali-metal amides have become key reagents in synthetic chemistry, with special focus in deprotonation reactions. Despite the higher reactivity found in the heavier sodium and potassium amides, their insolubility and low stability has favoured the use of the more soluble lithium analogues, converting them into the most used non-nucleophilic bases. Studying the coordination effects of Lewis donor molecules such as tridentate amine PMDETA (N,N,N',N'',N''-pentamethyldiethylenetriamine) in combination with the sodium amide NaTMP (TMP = 2,2',6,6'-tetramethylpiperidide), we have been able to unlock the use of these reagents for the functionalisation of arenes, i.e. the deuterium incorporation by hydrogen isotope exchange and the deprotonative borylation of unactivated arenes. These findings show how sodium amides are not just a simple more sustainable replacement of their lithium counterparts, but also that they can display significantly enhanced reactivities allowing for the development of new transformations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Tortajada
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern.
| | - Eva Hevia
- Departement für Chemie, Biochemie und Pharmazie, Universität Bern, CH-3012 Bern.
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Zhu P, Chen D, Jiang K, Zhu S, Su W, Van Schepdael A, Adams E. Differentiation of tetracyclines and their 4-epimers by mass spectrometry of the alkali metal adduct ions. Talanta 2023; 254:124201. [PMID: 36549141 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.124201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Tetracyclines (TCs) are a family of broad-spectrum antibiotics. During the manufacturing process or storage, epimerization of tetracyclines could occur, leading to 4-epimers which are nearly inactive. From an analytical point of view, isomers are often difficult to distinguish. Previously, four pairs of TCs (oxytetracycline, tetracycline, doxycycline, chlortetracycline and their respective 4-epimers) were differentiated by mass spectrometry (MS) through protonated ions. However, they do not follow common rules and so it is still quite difficult to differentiate between them. In order to solve this, the four pairs were differentiated in the current study by collision induced dissociation (CID) spectra of the alkali adduct ions, including lithium, sodium and potassium. In the spectra of the sodium adducts, all studied tetracyclines showed a tendency to form [M+Na-NH3]+ ions, while the 4-epimers liked to form [M+Na-NH3-H2O]+ ions. Meanwhile, energy resolved mass spectrometry (ERMS) showed that all four 4-epimers' sodium adducts had the tendency to fragment at higher energy points. In the CID spectra of lithium adducts of TCs, a similar trend was observed for three pairs, except for doxycycline. For potassium adducts, the fragmentation was found to be less discriminative. As was derived from the 3D model, the four pairs all interact with the alkali metal through the dimethyl amino group at the C-4 position. The lithium adduct species also bound through the hydroxyl group at the C-5 position. If the TCs did not have a hydroxyl group at the C-5 position, they bound with the hydroxyl group at the C-6 position. For the same TC, with an increase of the diameter of the metal ion, the loss of H2O decreased gradually. As sodium adduct ions are common during the ionization process, TCs and their 4-epimers could be differentiated rapidly by ERMS of the sodium adduct ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peixi Zhu
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China; KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB, 923, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Dandan Chen
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Kezhi Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organosilicon Chemistry and Material Technology, Hangzhou Normal University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqi Zhu
- National Anti-Drug Laboratory Zhejiang Regional Center (Zhejiang Anti-Drug Technology Center), Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weike Su
- College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Zhejiang University of Technology, Hangzhou, 310014, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ann Van Schepdael
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB, 923, 3000, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Erwin Adams
- KU Leuven, University of Leuven, Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, Pharmaceutical Analysis, Herestraat 49, O&N2, PB, 923, 3000, Leuven, Belgium.
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Adhihetty PK, Halder S, Jasinski JB, Fu XA, Nantz MH. Harnessing the cation-π interactions of metalated gold monolayer-protected clusters to detect aromatic volatile organic compounds. Talanta 2023; 253:123915. [PMID: 36155323 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2022.123915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The strong, non-covalent interactions between π-systems and cations have been the focus of numerous studies on biomolecule structure and catalysis. These interactions, however, have yet to be explored as a sensing mechanism for detecting trace levels of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). In this article, we provide evidence that cation-π interactions can be used to elicit sensitive and selective chemiresistor responses to aromatic VOCs. The chemiresistors are fitted with carboxylate-linked alkali metals bound to the surface of gold monolayer-protected clusters formulated on microfabricated interdigitated electrodes. Sensor responses to aromatic and non-aromatic VOCs are consistent with a model for cation-π interactions arising from association of electron-rich aromatic π-systems to metal ions with the relative strength of attraction following the order K+ > Na+ > Li+. The results point toward cation-π interactions as a promising research avenue to explore for developing aromatic VOC-selective sensors.
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Jiang Z, Dong R, Tian M, He C, Wu Y, Ma M, Chai S. Achieving acetone efficient deep decomposition by strengthening reactants adsorption and activation over difunctional Au(OH)K x/hierarchical MFI catalyst. J Colloid Interface Sci 2022; 612:504-15. [PMID: 35007876 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcis.2021.12.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 12/16/2021] [Accepted: 12/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Realizing the simultaneous adsorption and activation of O2 and reactants over supported noble metal catalysts is crucial for the oxidation of organic hydrocarbons. Herein, we report a facile one-step ethylene glycol reduction method to synthesize difunctional Au(OH)Kx sites, which were anchored on a hierarchical hollow MFI support and adopted for acetone decomposition. The alkali ion-associated adjacent surface hydroxyl groups were coordinated with Au nanoparticles, resulting in partially oxidized Au1+ sites with improved dispersion. The results obtained from exclusive ex situ and in situ experiments illustrated that the proper content of K and hydroxyl groups significantly enhanced the adsorption of surface O2 and acetone molecules around the Au sites simultaneously, whereas the excess K species inhibited the catalytic performance by blocking the pore structure and decreasing the acidity of catalysts. The Au(OH)K0.7/h-MFI catalyst exhibited the highest efficiency for acetone oxidation, over which 1500 ppm acetone can be completely oxidized at just 280 °C with an extremely low activation energy of 32.5 kJ mol-1. The carbonate species were detected as the main intermediates during acetone decomposition over the difunctional Au(OH)Kx sites through a Langmuir - Hinshelwood (L - H) mechanism. This finding paves the way for designing and constructing efficient functional active sites for the complete oxidation of hydrocarbons.
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Subramani M, Rajamani A, Subramaniam V, Hatshan MR, Gopi S, Ramasamy S. Reinforcing the tetracene-based two-dimensional C 48H 16 sheet by decorating the Li, Na, and K atoms for hydrogen storage and environmental application -A DFT study. Environ Res 2022; 204:112114. [PMID: 34571036 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2021.112114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2021] [Revised: 09/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
To meet the increasing need of energy resources, hydrogen (H2) is being considered as a promising candidate for energy carrier that has motivated research into appropriate storage materials among scientists. Thus, in this study for the first time, zig-zag and armchair edged tetracene based porous carbon sheet (C48H16) is investigated for H2 storage using the density functional theory. To explore the hydrogen storage capacity, the hydrogen molecule is initially positioned parallel to the C48H16 sheet at three different sites, resulting in lower adsorption energies of -0.020, -0.024, and -0.015 eV respectively. The Li, Na, and K atoms are decorated to improve H2 adsorption on the C48H16 sheet. The Li atom decorated C48H16 sheet has a higher binding energy value of -2.070 eV than the Na and K atom decorated C48H16 sheet. The presence of Li, Na, and K atoms on the C48H16 sheet enhance the H2 adsorption energy than the H2 on the pristine C48H16 sheet. The decrease of Mulliken charge in alkali metal atoms (Li, Na, and K atom) on the C48H16 sheet reveal that the electron is transferred from H-σ orbital to s orbital of alkali metal atoms on the C48H16 sheet, leads to the enhancement of H2 binding. Compared to H2 adsorption on Na and K atom decorated C48H16 sheet, the H2 adsorption on Li atom decorated C48H16 sheet has the maximum adsorption energy value of -0.389 eV. The obtained hydrogen storage capacity of Li, Na, and K atoms decorated C48H16 sheets are about 7.49 wt%, 7.31 wt%, and 7.14 wt% respectively for four H2 molecules, which is greater than the targeted hydrogen storage capacity of the United States Department of Energy (DOE). Thus the obtained results in this work reveal that the decorated C48H16 sheets with Li, Na, and K atom plays the potential role in the H2 storage.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Akilan Rajamani
- Laboratoire de Physique des Lasers, Atomes et Molécules, University de Lille, France
| | | | - Mohammad Rafe Hatshan
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh, 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sivalingam Gopi
- Department of BioNano Technology, Gachon University, GyeongGi -Do, 13120, Republic of Korea
| | - Shankar Ramasamy
- Department of Physics, Bharathiar University, Coimbatore, 641046, Tamil Nadu, India.
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K V S M, V P. Quantum mechanical study on physisorption of dissolved metal ions in seawater using cellulose, chitosan and chitin. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 183:2109-20. [PMID: 34097962 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 06/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Density Functional Theory (DFT) calculations were performed to investigate the adsorption of alkali and alkaline earth metal ions, Na+, K+, Mg2+, and Ca2+ present in seawater by biopolymers, cellulose, chitosan, and chitin. Analysis of the optimized geometries of the complexes formed by physisorption of metal ions on biopolymers reveals that monomer of chitin is the best biopolymer for adsorption of Mg2+ ion. Water as a solvent reduces the reactivity of complexes formed, playing a significant role in complex stability, which further proved the effective use of cellulose, chitosan and chitin for real-time applications. Natural Bond Orbital (NBO) analysis and quantum reactivity descriptors of the optimized geometries indicate that the electronic charge transfer between the biopolymer and metal ions acts as a driving force for the complex formation. This study also highlights the significant role of water in physisorption of metal ions on biopolymer.
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Cao B, Chen Y, Rosenbalt JD, McIntyre RS, Wang D, Yan L. Association of alkali metals and Alkaline-earth metals with the risk of schizophrenia in a Chinese population: A Case-Control study. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2020; 60:126478. [PMID: 32146340 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2020.126478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2019] [Revised: 01/02/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alkali metals (AMs) and alkali earth metals (AEMs) affect levels and signaling of neurotransmitters, which potentially play a role in the etiology of schizophrenia (SCZ). The current case-control study aims to explore how AMs [i.e. Potassium (K), sodium (Na), rubidium (Rb), cesium (Cs)] and AEMs [i.e. magnesium (Mg), calcium (Ca), strontium (Sr), barium (Ba)] in serum could associate with SCZ. One hundred and five inpatients with SCZ and 106 age- and sex-matched healthy controls (HCs) were recruited from Weifang, China. Inductively Coupled Plasma-Atomic Emission Spectrometry (ICP-AES) was used to evaluate serum concentrations of Na, K, Ca, Mg and Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) was for Rb, Cs, Sr, Ba. Subjects with SCZ had significantly higher Mg and Sr serum concentrations than HCs (20.86 vs. 19.73 μg/mL of Mg, p < 0.001; 53.14 vs. 42.26 ng/mL of Sr, p < 0.001). After adjusting for confounders, the odds ratio of Mg and Sr remain significantly higher in the SCZ group (Mg: OR = 2.538, 95 % CI: 1.254-5.136, p=0.010; Sr: OR = 3.798, 95 % CI: 1.769-8.153, p = 0.001). No significant differences between SCZ subjects and HCs were observed for other AMs and AEMs. Higher serum concentrations of Mg and Sr were associated with SCZ. Studies are suggested to find the related mechanisms and provide clues for pathogenesis of SCZ, which would impact prevention and treatments of SCZ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bing Cao
- School of Psychology and Key Laboratory of Cognition and Personality (Ministry of Education); National Demonstration Center for Experimental Psychology Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Dalla Lana School of Public Health, University of Toronto, 155 College St., Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Joshua D Rosenbalt
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Roger S McIntyre
- Mood Disorders Psychopharmacology Unit, Toronto Western Hospital, University Health Network, Toronto, ON, Canada; Brain and Cognition Discovery Foundation, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Dongliang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, PR China.
| | - Lailai Yan
- Department of Laboratorial Science and Technology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Medical and Health Analysis Center, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Vaccine Research Center, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Yang G, Du X, Ran J, Wang X, Chen Y, Zhang L, Rac V, Rakic V, Crittenden J. Irregular influence of alkali metals on Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst for selective catalytic reduction of NO x with ammonia. J Hazard Mater 2020; 387:122007. [PMID: 31901842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2019.122007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/30/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
SCR activity of Cu-SAPO-34 catalyst was reduced by alkali metal ions. The alkali metals ions (Li+, Na+ and K+) have shown irregular influences on Cu-SAPO-34. The order of poisoning strengths under 400 °C was found to be: Na+ > K+ > Li+, which is not consistent with the basicities of their corresponding metals. Experimental results and calculations showed that the alkali metal ions readily replace H+ and Cu2+/Cu+ ions. These exchanges result in the loss of Brønsted acid sites and migration of isolated Cu2+ ions in Cu-SAPO-34, which decrease the NH3-SCR activity. Both the basicity and ion diameter will affect the exchanging behavior of an alkali ion. Na+ and Li+ ions will influence both H+ and Cu2+/Cu+ ions but K+ ions only preferably replace the H+. We hypothesize that K+ cannot enter into a small ring (6-membered ring) to replace a Cu2+/Cu+ ion because of its large ion diameter. The displaced Cu2+/Cu+ ions will transfer to adjacent unbonded Al site to form a CuAlO2 species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangpeng Yang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China; Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States.
| | - Xuesen Du
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Jingyu Ran
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China.
| | - Xiangmin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Yanrong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Low-Grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing, 400044, China
| | - Vladislav Rac
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Zemun, Serbia
| | - Vesna Rakic
- Faculty of Agriculture, Department of Chemistry, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Zemun, Serbia
| | - John Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, 30332, United States
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He X, Lou C, Qiao Y, Lim M. In-situ measurement of temperature and alkali metal concentration in municipal solid waste incinerators using flame emission spectroscopy. Waste Manag 2020; 102:486-491. [PMID: 31756685 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2019.11.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/13/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
In order to address slagging, fouling and high-temperature corrosion problems caused by alkali metals in Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), in-situ measurement of alkali metal in MSW incinerators is needed. The paper presents experimental measurements of temperatures and alkali metal concentrations in two MSW incinerators based on Flame Emission Spectroscopy (FES). Through the analysis of spontaneous emission spectra and a calibration procedure, the concentration of gas phase sodium (Na) and potassium (K), temperature and thermal radiation in the incinerator were in-situ measured by a portable spectral system simultaneously. Experimental results showed MSW composition has significant effect on the measured gaseous Na and K. Higher volatile content in MSW may enhance the alkali metal emission. Besides that, the released gaseous Na and K in the two incinerators are correlated with temperature in incinerators. The study provided a low cost and effective solution for in-situ measurement of temperature and alkali metal concentration in MSW incinerators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaohuang He
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, People's Republic of China
| | - Chun Lou
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Yu Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Coal Combustion, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430074 Hubei, People's Republic of China.
| | - Mooktzeng Lim
- Biomass and Plasma Technologies, Renewable Energy and Green Technology, TNB Research Sdn. Bhd., Research Institution Area, 43000 Kajang, Selangor, Malaysia
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Haglind A, Hedeland M, Arvidsson T, Pettersson CE. Major signal suppression from metal ion clusters in SFC/ESI-MS - Cause and effects. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2018; 1084:96-105. [PMID: 29579734 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2018.03.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2017] [Revised: 02/23/2018] [Accepted: 03/12/2018] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
The widening application area of SFC-MS with polar analytes and water-containing samples facilitates the use of quick and simple sample preparation techniques such as "dilute and shoot" and protein precipitation. This has also introduced new polar interfering components such as alkali metal ions naturally abundant in e.g. blood plasma and urine, which have shown to be retained using screening conditions in SFC/ESI-TOF-MS and causing areas of major ion suppression. Analytes co-eluting with these clusters will have a decreased signal intensity, which might have a major effect on both quantification and identification. When investigating the composition of the alkali metal clusters using accurate mass and isotopic pattern, it could be concluded that they were previously not described in the literature. Using NaCl and KCl standards and different chromatographic conditions, varying e.g. column and modifier, the clusters proved to be formed from the alkali metal ions in combination with the alcohol modifier and make-up solvent. Their compositions were [(XOCH3)n + X]+, [(XOH)n + X]+, [(X2CO3)n + X]+ and [(XOOCOCH3)n + X]+ for X = Na+ or K+ in ESI+. In ESI-, the clusters depended more on modifier, with [(XCl)n + Cl]- and [(XOCH3)n + OCH3]- mainly formed in pure methanol and [(XOOCH)n + OOCH]- when 20 mM NH4Fa was added. To prevent the formation of the clusters by avoiding methanol as modifier might be difficult, as this is a widely used modifier providing good solubility when analyzing polar compounds in SFC. A sample preparation with e.g. LLE would remove the alkali ions, however also introducing a time consuming and discriminating step into the method. Since the alkali metal ions were retained and affected by chromatographic adjustments as e.g. mobile phase modifications, a way to avoid them could therefore be chromatographic tuning, when analyzing samples containing them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alfred Haglind
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden.
| | - Mikael Hedeland
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; National Veterinary Institute (SVA), Dept. of Chemistry, Environment and Feed Hygiene, SE-751 89 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Torbjörn Arvidsson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden; Medical Products Agency, Box 26, SE-751 03 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Curt E Pettersson
- Division of Analytical Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Uppsala University, BMC Box 574, SE-751 23 Uppsala, Sweden
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Wang QY, Fang JQ, Deng LL, Hao XJ, Mu SZ. Regioselective alkali metal reduction of dibenzocyclooctadiene lignan derivatives, demethoxylation followed by dehalogenation. Chem Cent J 2017; 11:138. [PMID: 29282557 PMCID: PMC5745213 DOI: 10.1186/s13065-017-0368-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Accepted: 12/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The regioselective demethoxylation and dehalogenation of dihalogenated dibenzocyclooctadiene lignans derivatives were realized in a one-step reaction with excellent yields in the sodium and t-butanol reaction system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Yao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Jia-Qi Fang
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Lu-Lu Deng
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Xiao-Jiang Hao
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China
| | - Shu-Zhen Mu
- State Key Laboratory of Functions and Applications of Medicinal Plants, Guizhou Medical University, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China. .,The Key Laboratory of Chemistry for Natural Products of Guizhou Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, 3491 Baijin Road, Guiyang, 550014, China.
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13
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Ben Saad A, Dalel B, Rjeibi I, Smida A, Ncib S, Zouari N, Zourgui L. Phytochemical, antioxidant and protective effect of cactus cladodes extract against lithium-induced liver injury in rats. Pharm Biol 2017; 55:516-525. [PMID: 27951739 PMCID: PMC6130665 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2016.1255976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2016] [Revised: 08/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/28/2016] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Opuntia ficus-indica (L.) Mill. (Castaceae) (cactus) is used in Tunisian medicine for the treatment of various diseases. OBJECTIVE This study determines phytochemical composition of cactus cladode extract (CCE). It also investigates antioxidant activity and hepatoprotective potential of CCE against lithium carbonate (Li2CO3)-induced liver injury in rats. MATERIALS AND METHODS Twenty-four Wistar male rats were divided into four groups of six each: a control group given distilled water (0.5 mL/100 g b.w.; i.p.), a group injected with Li2CO3 (25 mg/kg b.w.; i.p.; corresponding to 30% of the LD50) twice daily for 30 days, a group receiving only CCE at 100 mg/kg of b.w. for 60 days and then injected with distilled water during the last 30 days of CCE treatment, and a group receiving CCE and then injected with Li2CO3 during the last 30 days of CCE treatment. The bioactive components containing the CCE were identified using chemical assays. RESULTS Treatment with Li2CO3 caused a significant change of some haematological parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), haemoglobin content (Hb), haematocrit (Ht) and mean corpuscular volume (VCM) compared to the control group. Moreover, significant increases in the levels of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides and of aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities were observed in the blood of Li2CO3-treated rats. Furthermore, exposure to Li2CO3 significantly increased the LPO level and decreased superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activities in the hepatic tissues. CONCLUSION CCE possesses a significant hepatoprotective effect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anouar Ben Saad
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Brahmi Dalel
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Laboratory of Research on Biologically Compatible Compounds, Faculty of Dental Medicine, University of Monastir, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Ilhem Rjeibi
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Amani Smida
- Research Unit of Macromolecular Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Sciences of Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Sana Ncib
- Common Services Unit, Faculty of Sciences Gafsa, University of Gafsa, Gafsa, Tunisia
| | - Nacim Zouari
- High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
| | - Lazhar Zourgui
- Research Unit of Active Biomolecules Valorisation, High Institute of Applied Biology of Medenine, University of Gabes, Medenine, Tunisia
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14
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Abd-Elrahman MI, Abu-Sehly AA, Bakier YM, Hafiz MM. Thickness and optical constants calculation for chalcogenide- alkali metal Se 80Te 8(NaCl) 12 thin film. Spectrochim Acta A Mol Biomol Spectrosc 2017; 184:243-248. [PMID: 28505605 DOI: 10.1016/j.saa.2017.05.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Chalcogenide-alkali metal semiconducting thin films of four different thicknesses of Se80Te8(NaCl)12 are deposited from bulk by thermal evaporation technique. The crystallinity of the film improves with increasing of thickness as indicated by the recorded X-ray diffraction patterns. The transmission and reflection spectra are measured in the wavelength range of the incident photons from 250 to 2500nm. The thickness and optical constants of the films are calculated based on Swanepeol method using the interference patterns appeared in the transmission spectra. It is found that the films have absorption mechanism which is an indirect allowed transition. The effect of the film thickness on the refractive index and the high-frequency dielectric constant are studied. With increasing the film thickness, both the absorption coefficient and high-frequency dielectric constant increase while the single-oscillator energy, optical band gap and extinction coefficient decrease.
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Affiliation(s)
- M I Abd-Elrahman
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt.
| | - A A Abu-Sehly
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - Y M Bakier
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
| | - M M Hafiz
- Physics Department, Faculty of Science, Assiut University, Assiut 71516, Egypt
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15
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Hong A, Lee HH, Heo CE, Cho Y, Kim S, Kang D, Kim HI. Distinct Fragmentation Pathways of Anticancer Drugs Induced by Charge-Carrying Cations in the Gas Phase. J Am Soc Mass Spectrom 2017; 28:628-637. [PMID: 27981443 DOI: 10.1007/s13361-016-1559-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/31/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
With the growth of the pharmaceutical industry, structural elucidation of drugs and derivatives using tandem mass spectrometry (MS2) has become essential for drug development and pharmacokinetics studies because of its high sensitivity and low sample requirement. Thus, research seeking to understand fundamental relationships between fragmentation patterns and precursor ion structures in the gas phase has gained attention. In this study, we investigate the fragmentation of the widely used anticancer drugs, doxorubicin (DOX), vinblastine (VBL), and vinorelbine (VRL), complexed by a singly charged proton or alkali metal ion (Li+, Na+, K+) in the gas phase. The drug-cation complexes exhibit distinct fragmentation patterns in tandem mass spectra as a function of cation size. The trends in fragmentation patterns are explicable in terms of structures derived from ion mobility mass spectrometry (IM-MS) and theoretical calculations. Graphical Abstract ᅟ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Areum Hong
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hong Hee Lee
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Chae Eun Heo
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea
| | - Yunju Cho
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Sunghwan Kim
- Green-Nano Materials Research Center, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
- Department of Chemistry, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Dukjin Kang
- Division of Metrology for Quality of Life, Korea Research Institute of Standards and Science, Daejeon, 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Hugh I Kim
- Department of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, Seoul, 02841, Republic of Korea.
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16
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Gao FW, Zhong RL, Sun SL, Xu HL, Zhao L, Su ZM. Charge transfer and first hyperpolarizability: cage-like radicals C59X and lithium encapsulated Li@C59X (X=B, N). J Mol Model 2015; 21:258. [PMID: 26369918 DOI: 10.1007/s00894-015-2808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2015] [Accepted: 08/30/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Very recently, two new cage-like radicals (C59B and C59N) formed by a boron or nitrogen atom substituting one carbon atom of C60 were synthesized and characterized. In order to explore the structure-property relationships of combination the cage-like radical and alkali metal, the endohedral Li@C59B and Li@C59N are designed by lithium (Li) atom encapsulated into the cage-like radicals C59B and C59N. Further, the structures, natural bond orbital (NBO) charges, and nonlinear optical (NLO) responses of C59B, C59N, Li@C59B, and Li@C59N were investigated by quantum chemical method. Three density functional methods (BHandHLYP, CAM-B3LYP, and M05-2X) were employed to estimate their first hyperpolarizabilities (β tot) and obtained the same trend in the β tot value. The β tot values by BHandHLYP functional of the pure cage-like radicals C59B (1.30 × 10(3) au) and C59N (1.70 × 10(3) au) are close to each other. Interestingly, when one Li atom encapsulated into the electron-rich radical C59N, the β tot value of the Li@C59N increases to 2.46 × 10(3) au. However, when one Li atom encapsulated into the electron-deficient radical C59B, the β tot value of the Li@C59B sharply decreases to 1.54 × 10(2) au. The natural bond orbital analysis indicates that the encapsulated Li atom leads to an obvious charge transfer and valence electrons distribution plays a significant role in the β tot value. Further, frontier molecular orbital explains that the interesting charge transfer between the encapsulated Li atom and cage-like radicals (C59B and C59N) leads to differences in the β tot value. It is our expectation that this work will provide useful information for the design of high-performance NLO materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Feng-Wei Gao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Rong-Lin Zhong
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Shi-Ling Sun
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Hong-Liang Xu
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
| | - Zhong-Min Su
- Institute of Functional Material Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China.
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Zhang J, Hu H, Xu J, Wu G, Zeng Z. N₂O decomposition over K/Na-promoted Mg/Zn-Ce-cobalt mixed oxides catalysts. J Environ Sci (China) 2014; 26:1437-1443. [PMID: 25079992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jes.2014.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2013] [Revised: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Three groups of cobalt mixed oxide catalysts (Mg/Zn-Co, Mg/Zn-Ce-C, K/Na-Mg/Zn-Ce-Co) were prepared by sol-gel or impregnation methods. The synergistic effects of transition metal, rare earth metal and alkali metal on cobalt mixed catalysts for nitrous oxide (N₂O) decomposing to N₂ and O₂ were investigated. The experimental results revealed that the catalytic activity for N₂O decomposition was promoted as Co²⁺ was replaced partially by Zn²⁺/Mg²⁺, moreover, the characterization analysis by XRD and XPS showed that Zn²⁺/Mg²⁺ replaced Co²⁺ successfully into the spinel structure of Co3O₄ and promoted significantly the catalytic activity. Especially, the addition of CeO₂ and K₂O/Na₂O decreased the binding energy and resulted in an increase in the density of the electron cloud around Co and an improvement of the catalytic activity. Of the investigated cobalt mixed catalysts, the best catalytic activity was shown by 2% K-Zn0.5-Ce0.05-Co catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinli Zhang
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Hui Hu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China.
| | - Jie Xu
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China; Shanghai LongKing Environmental Protection Co., Ltd., Shanghai 200331, China
| | - Gaoming Wu
- Wuhan Iron and Steel (Group) Corp., Wuhan 430083, China
| | - Zhaowei Zeng
- School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan 430074, China
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