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He K, Long X, Jiang H, Qin C. The differential impact of iron on ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction in head-kidney macrophages of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco) with and without ammonia stress. Dev Comp Immunol 2024; 157:105184. [PMID: 38643939 DOI: 10.1016/j.dci.2024.105184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2024] [Revised: 04/16/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity in fish is closely related to ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory responses. Iron is an essential trace element that plays a key role in many biological processes for cells and organisms, including ferroptosis, oxidative stress response, and inflammation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of iron on indicators of fish exposed to ammonia, specifically on the three aspects mentioned above. The head kidney macrophages of yellow catfish were randomly assigned to one of four groups: CON (normal control), AM (0.046 mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen), Fe (20 μg mL-1 FeSO4), and Fe + AM (20 μg mL-1 FeSO4, 0.046 mg L-1 total ammonia nitrogen). The cells were pretreated with FeSO4 for 6 h followed by ammonia for 24 h. The study found that iron supplementation led to an excessive accumulation of iron and ROS in macrophages, but it did not strongly induce ferroptosis, oxidative stress, or inflammatory responses. This was supported by a decrease in T-AOC, and the downregulation of SOD, as well as an increase in GSH levels and the upregulation of TFR1, CAT and Nrf2. Furthermore, the mRNA expression of HIF-1, p53 and the anti-inflammatory M2 macrophage marker Arg-1 were upregulated. The results also showed that iron supplementation increased the progression of some macrophages from early apoptosis to late apoptotic cells. However, the combined treatment of iron and ammonia resulted in a stronger intracellular ferroptosis, oxidative stress, and inflammatory reaction compared to either treatment alone. Additionally, there was a noticeable increase in necrotic cells in the Fe + AM and AM groups. These findings indicate that the biological functions of iron in macrophages of fish may vary inconsistently in the presence or absence of ammonia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University), Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Xinran Long
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University), Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education (Guizhou University), Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang, 550025, China; College of Biosystems Engineering and Food Science (BEFS), Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China.
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of the Yangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang, 641112, China
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Öz M. Strategy to remove ammonium compounds released from fish feed in aquaculture using natural filtration materials. Environ Monit Assess 2024; 196:362. [PMID: 38472525 DOI: 10.1007/s10661-024-12351-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The effects of addition of adsorbent mixture at two different stages in aquaculture system were investigated for the first time in this study. In the first stage, in order to determine the effects of natural adsorbents in an environment without feed, a trial consisting of four treatment groups with three replications was conducted. In this trial, individual and combined effects of two natural adsorbents on water parameters in absence of feed were assessed for five days. In the second stage for 9 experimental days, a total of 18 aquaria consisting of three treatment groups with three replications for two different fish feeds were used. Of these aquaria, the first six received only two types of feeds containing 33 and 40% protein, designated as two control groups (C1 and C2). Other two groups (T1 and T2) were prepared by adding a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) to next six replicates simultaneously. The last six replicates received a leonardite: zeolite mixture (at 2:1 ratio) after the 8th day of the study, and formed the last two treatment groups (T3 and T4). In this study, mean pH values varied between 7.01 and 7.82 and ammonia values were found to be maximum of 94.96% and minimum of 38.73% lower compared to the control group when 3 g adsorbent mixture (2L: 1Z) was used to balance pH and ammonium (NH4+) values in an aquatic environment containing 0.5 l freshwater and 0.5 g fish feed with 33-40% protein contents. It was demonstrated that the combined use of zeolite and leonardite had positive effects on ammonium removal and providing optimum pH levels for aquaculture. The combined use of these two adsorbents helped balance the pH-reducing effect of leonardite with zeolite, and the pH-reducing effect of leonardite contributed to the NH4+ adsorption efficiency of zeolite.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meryem Öz
- Sinop University Fisheries Faculty, 57000, Sinop, Turkey.
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Zhao M, Zheng Z, Wang C, Yao D, Lin Z, Zhao Y, Chen X, Li S, Aweya JJ, Zhang Y. Penaeid shrimp counteract high ammonia stress by generating and using functional peptides from hemocyanin, such as HMCs27. Sci Total Environ 2023; 905:167073. [PMID: 37714341 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2023.167073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2023] [Revised: 08/23/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023]
Abstract
Agricultural and anthropogenic activities release high ammonia levels into aquatic ecosystems, severely affecting aquatic organisms. Penaeid shrimp can survive high ammonia stress conditions, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are unknown. Here, total hemocyanin and oxyhemocyanin levels decreased in Penaeus vannamei plasma under high ammonia stress. When shrimp were subjected to high ammonia stress for 12 h, 24 hemocyanin (HMC) derived peptides were identified in shrimp plasma, among which one peptide, designated as HMCs27, was chosen for further analysis. Shrimp survival was significantly enhanced after treatment with the recombinant protein of HMCs27 (rHMCs27), followed by high ammonia stress. Transcriptome analysis of shrimp hepatopancreas after treatment with or without rHMCs27 followed by high ammonia stress revealed 973 significantly dysregulated genes, notable among which were genes involved in oxidation and metabolism, such as cytochrome C, catalase (CAT), isocitrate dehydrogenase, superoxide dismutase (SOD), trypsin, chymotrypsin, glutathione peroxidase, glutathione s-transferase (GST), and alanine aminotransferase (ALT). In addition, levels of key biochemical indicators, such as SOD, CAT, and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), were significantly enhanced, whereas hepatopancreas malondialdehyde levels and plasma pH, NH3, GST, and ALT levels were significantly decreased after rHMCs27 treatment followed by high ammonia stress. Moreover, high ammonia stress induced hepatopancreas tissue injury and apoptosis, but rHMCs27 treatment ameliorated these effects. Collectively, the current study revealed that in response to high ammonia stress, shrimp generate functional peptides, such as peptide HMCs27 from hemocyanin, which helps to attenuate the ammonia toxicity by enhancing the antioxidant system and the tricarboxylic acid cycle to decrease plasma NH3 levels and pH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zhao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhihong Zheng
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Chuanqi Wang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Defu Yao
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Zhongyang Lin
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Yongzhen Zhao
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Xiuli Chen
- Guangxi Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Aquatic Genetic Breeding and Healthy Aquaculture, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Shengkang Li
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China
| | - Jude Juventus Aweya
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China; College of Ocean Food and Biological Engineering, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Enzyme Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, Fujian, China.
| | - Yueling Zhang
- Institute of Marine Sciences and Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China.
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Tamnanloo F, Ochoa-Sanchez R, Oliveira MM, Lima C, Lépine M, Dubois K, Bosoi C, Tremblay M, Sleno L, Rose CF. Multiple ammonia-induced episodes of hepatic encephalopathy provoke neuronal cell loss in bile-duct ligated rats. JHEP Rep 2023; 5:100904. [PMID: 37942225 PMCID: PMC10628859 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhepr.2023.100904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2023] [Revised: 07/25/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Aims Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a reversible syndrome and therefore should resolve following liver transplantation (LT). However, neurological complications have been reported in up to 47% of LT recipients, which have been documented to be associated with a history of overt HE pre-LT. We hypothesise that multiple episodes of HE lead to permanent cell injury and exacerbate neurological dysfunction. Our goal was to evaluate the impact of cumulative HE episodes on neurological status and brain integrity in rats with chronic liver disease. Methods Episodes of overt HE (loss of righting reflex) were induced following injection of ammonium acetate in bile duct ligation (BDL) rats (BDL-Ammonia) every 4 days starting at week 3 post-BDL. Neurobehaviour was evaluated after the last episode. Upon sacrifice, plasma ammonia, systemic oxidative stress, and inflammation markers were assessed. Neuronal markers including neuron-specific nuclear antigen and SMI311 (anti-neurofilament marker) and apoptotic markers (cleaved caspase-3, Bax, and Bcl2) were measured. Total antioxidant capacity, oxidative stress marker (4-hydroxynonenal), and proinflammatory cytokines (tumour necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-1β) were measured in brain (hippocampus, frontal cortex, and cerebellum). Proteomic analysis was conducted in the hippocampus. Results In hippocampus of BDL-Ammonia rats, cleaved caspase-3 and Bax/Bcl2 ratio were significantly increased, whereas NeuN and SMI311 were significantly decreased compared with BDL-Vehicle rats. Higher levels of oxidative stress-induced post-translational modified proteins were found in hippocampus of BDL-Ammonia group which were associated with a lower total antioxidant capacity. Conclusions Ammonia-induced episodes of overt HE caused neuronal cell injury/death in BDL rats. These results suggest that multiple bouts of HE can be detrimental on the integrity of the brain, translating to irreversibility and hence neurological complications post-LT. Impact and implications Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is defined as a reversible neuropsychiatric syndrome resolving following liver transplantation (LT); however, ∼47% of patients demonstrate neurological impairments after LT, which are associated with a previous history of overt HE pre-LT. Our study indicates that multiple episodes of overt HE can cause permanent neuronal damage which may lead to neurological complications after LT. Nevertheless, preventing the occurrence of overt HE episodes is critical for reducing the risk of irreversible neuronal injury in patients with cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Farzaneh Tamnanloo
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | - Carina Lima
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Maggy Lépine
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | | | | | | | - Lekha Sleno
- Chemistry Department/CERMO-FC, Université du Québec à Montréal, Montréal, Canada
| | - Christopher F. Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Lab, CRCHUM, Montréal, Canada
- Medicine Department, Université de Montréal, Montréal, Canada
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Wang H, Yan Q, Zhong X, Angelidaki I, Fotidis IA. Metabolic responses and microbial community changes to long chain fatty acids: Ammonia synergetic co-inhibition effect during biomethanation. Bioresour Technol 2023; 386:129538. [PMID: 37488017 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2023.129538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023]
Abstract
Anaerobic co-digestion is an established strategy for increasing methane production of substrates. However, substrates rich in proteins and lipids could cause a long chain fatty acids (LCFA)-ammonia synergetic co-inhibition effect. The microbial mechanisms of this co-inhibition are still unclear. The current study explored the effect of the synergetic co-inhibition on microbial community changes and prediction of metabolic enzymes to reveal the microbial mechanisms of the co-inhibition effect. The results indicated that during the synergetic co-inhibition, methanogens were mainly affected by ammonia. Decreased relative abundances of Petrimonas (82%) and Paraclostridium (67%) showed that ammonia inhibition contributed to the suppression of LCFA β-oxidation under the synergetic co-inhibition conditions. The accumulation of more LCFA could further suppress microorganisms' activities involved in several steps of anaerobic digestion. Finally, decrease of critical enzymes' abundances confirmed the synergetic co-inhibition effect. Overall, the current study provides novel insights for the alleviation of synergetic co-inhibition during anaerobic digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Qun Yan
- School of Environmental and Civil Engineering, Jiangnan University, Wuxi 214122, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zhong
- Ecological Environment Education and Pollution Source Monitoring Center of Hebei Province, Shijiazhuang 050000, China
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- Faculty of Environment, Ionian University, 29100 Zakynthos, Greece; School of Civil Engineering, Southeast University, Nanjing 210096, China.
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Adghim M, Sartaj M, Abdehagh N, Strehlar B. Post-hydrolysis versus side-stream ammonia stripping in semi-continuous two-stage anaerobic digestion of high nitrogen feedstock. Waste Manag 2023; 168:74-82. [PMID: 37285638 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2023.05.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2023] [Revised: 05/18/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
With the increased popularity of two-stage anaerobic digesters, post-hydrolysis ammonia stripping (PHAS) has resurfaced as a new possible treatment configuration. This study discusses for the first time the semi-continuous operation of PHAS and compares it with the most used stripping configuration nowadays, side-stream ammonia stripping (SSAS), under similar conditions using air or renewable natural gas (RNG) as stripping mediums. Ammonia stripping operating conditions were set to pH 9.5, 55 °C, and flowrate of 100 L gas/L/hour. RNG removed 50-58% of ammonia while air removed 70-78%. Interestingly, the PHAS system showed more flexibility and resilience than the SSAS system when testing parameters were changed. Volumetric and specific biogas production from PHAS and SSAS scenarios averaged up to 1.91 and 1.26 L/L/day and 831 and 701 L biogas/ kg VS/day under organic loading rates of 2.61 and 1.8 g VS/L/day, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Adghim
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada.
| | - M Sartaj
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada
| | - N Abdehagh
- Department of Civil Engineering, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Canada; CH Four Biogas Inc, Manotick, Ontario, Canada
| | - B Strehlar
- CH Four Biogas Inc, Manotick, Ontario, Canada
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7
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Long X, He K, Zhang M, Li M, Wang Z, Wang C, Dong X, Shao J, Gan L, Hu X, Jiang H. Temporal correlations of ferroptosis, inflammation and oxidative stress under acute ammonia exposure in brain tissue of yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023:109693. [PMID: 37394130 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2023.109693] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most serious environmental stressors which severely affect fishery production. Ammonia toxicity to fish has a tight relationship with oxidative stress, inflammation and ferroptosis (a type of programmed cell death characterized by iron-dependent lipid peroxidation), but the temporal response of the above three in brain remains unclear. In the present study, yellow catfish were exposed to three concentrations of ammonia: low concentration (TA-N ˂ 0.01 mg L-1, LA), middle concentration (TA-N 5.70 mg L-1, MA), high concentration (TA-N 28.50 mg L-1, HA) for 96 h. Brain was selected as target tissues for analysis. Results showed that ammonia stress resulted in firstly increased contents of hydroxyl radical at 1 h, total iron at 12 h, malondialdehyde at 48 h, respectively, and decreased contents of GSH at 3 h. The initial high expression levels of ferroptosis (GPX4, system xc-, TFR1) and inflammatory-related factors (NF-ƙB p65, TNF, COX-2, and LOX-15B), antioxidant enzymes genes (SOD and CAT) were observed at first hour upon MA or HA stress. Combining all, it suggested that brain ferroptosis and inflammation were the first to be activated at the initial stage of ammonia stress, and then that provoked oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinran Long
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Muzi Zhang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Zhenlu Wang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China
| | - Xianghong Dong
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Jian Shao
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Lei Gan
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
| | - Xiaojuan Hu
- School of Foreign Languages, Guizhou Education University, Guiyang 550018, China
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
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Ren X, Jia S, Gao B, Zhou Q, Xu Y, Liu P, Li J. Application of proteomics and metabolomics to assess ammonia stress response and tolerance mechanisms of juvenile ornate rock lobster Panulirus ornatus. Sci Total Environ 2022; 837:155751. [PMID: 35533861 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.155751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 04/29/2022] [Accepted: 05/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is a common pollutant in the aquatic ecosystem and closed aquaculture systems. It may pose a threat to the lobster growth, reproduction and survival. However, there is lack of research of the mechanisms on the toxic effects ammonia at molecular levels. In this work, proteomics and metabolomics were integrated to analyze the proteome and metabolome responses in the ornate spiny lobster Panulirus ornatus treated with ammonia (20 mg L-1) for 48 h. A total of 199 proteins and 176 metabolites were significantly altered in P. ornatus following ammonia treatment. The responsive proteins and metabolites were predominantly involved in immune response, phase I and phase II biotransformation, carbohydrate metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism. Furthermore, an increase in urea levels was observed, and amino acid metabolism was induced, indicating that the urea cycle was utilized to biotransform ammonia so as to reduce endogenous ammonia content. Ammonia exposure also affected the antioxidant system and induced cellular apoptosis. Overall, our results provide comprehensive insights into the molecular mechanisms underlying the response of P. ornatus to ammonia stress. We believe that the data reported herein should contribute to the development of novel, efficient methods for P. ornatus aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianyun Ren
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Shaoting Jia
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Baoquan Gao
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Qiansen Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Yao Xu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Bioresources and Environment/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Marine Biotechnology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang, PR China
| | - Ping Liu
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China
| | - Jian Li
- Key Laboratory for Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, PR China; Function Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, PR China.
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Abdo SE, El-Nahas AF, Abdelmenam S, Elmadawy MA, Mohamed R, Helal MA, El-Kassas S. The synergetic effect of Bacillus species and Yucca shidigera extract on water quality, histopathology, antioxidant, and innate immunity in response to acute ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2022; 128:123-135. [PMID: 35921936 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2022.07.058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2022] [Revised: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acute ammonia toxicity suppresses the immune function and enhances the inflammatory pathways in Nile tilapia. The aim of this study was to compare the effect of Bacillus strains probiotic mixture (BS) or Yucca shidigera liquid extract (YSE) alone or their combination in water treatment and in reliving toxicity of an acute ammonia exposure in Nile tilapia through the assessment of fish immune response, inflammatory pathway, oxidative stress response with respect to the histopathological changes, gene expression, enzymes levels and phagocytosis. Five groups were used; the 1st and 2nd groups fed the basal diet; the 3rd group fed basal diet with BS in water, 4th group fed basal diet and supplemented with YSE in water and 5th group received a combination of BS and YSE. After two weeks of treatments, the 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and the 5th groups were exposed to acute ammonia challenge for 72 h. Fish exposed to ammonia displayed significant decreases in RBCs, Hb, PCV, WBCs, phagocytic activity (PA) and index (PI), lysozyme activities and serum antioxidant enzymes (glutathione peroxidase (GPX) and catalase (CAT)). Also, a significant increase in Malondialdehyde (MDA), degenerative changes in the gills, hepatopancrease and spleen associated with an elevated un-ionized ammonia level. A significant restoration of the hematological parameters was observed with the use of BS, YSE or their combination. Additionally, they improved the innate immunity, antioxidant responses, and histopathological changes. At transcriptomic level, ammonia toxicity significantly lowered the mRNA transcription levels of Nuclear erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), quinone oxidoreductase 1 (NQO-1), Heme oxygenase 1 (HO-1) and Heat shock proteins (HSP70). While nuclear factor kappa β (NFкβ), Tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), Interleukin 1β (IL-1β), and Interleukin 8 (IL8), transcription levels were increased. Interestingly, BS and YSE and their combination significantly increased the expression of these genes with the highest levels reported with BS and YSE combination. We observed that, the most pronounced restoration of some important inflammatory and immune related genes close to the control level was observed when BS-YSE mix was used. Furthermore, a restored water pH, and a maintained ammonia level to the control level were observed in this group. Otherwise, equal effects for the three treatments were observed on the assessed parameters. We recommend the used of BS-YSE mix for water ammonia treatment and relieving ammonia toxicity in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Safaa E Abdo
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt.
| | - Abeer F El-Nahas
- Department of Animal Husbandry and Animal Wealth Development-Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Alexandria University, Egypt.
| | - Sally Abdelmenam
- Genetics and Genetic Engineering, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Mostafa A Elmadawy
- Department of Forensic Medicine and Toxicology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Radi Mohamed
- Department of Aquaculture, Faculty of Aquatic and Fisheries Sciences, Kafrelsheikh University, Kafrelsheikh, Egypt
| | - Mohamed Atef Helal
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
| | - Seham El-Kassas
- Animal, Poultry and Fish Breeding and Production, Department of Animal Wealth Development, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Kafrelsheikh University, Egypt
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10
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Garçon DP, Fabri LM, Moraes CM, Costa MIC, Freitas RS, McNamara JC, Leone FA. Effects of ammonia on gill (Na +, K +)-ATPase kinetics in a hololimnetic population of the Amazon River shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum. Aquat Toxicol 2022; 246:106144. [PMID: 35339850 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2022.106144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/12/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Water quality is essential for successful aquaculture. For freshwater shrimp farming, ammonia concentrations can increase considerably, even when culture water is renewed frequently, consequently increasing the risk of ammonia intoxication. We investigated ammonia lethality (LC50-96 h) in a hololimnetic population of the Amazon River shrimp Macrobrachium amazonicum from the Paraná/Paraguay River basin, including the effects of exposure to 4.93 mg L-1 total ammonia concentration on gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity. The mean LC50-96 h was 49.27 mg L-1 total ammonia, corresponding to 1.8 mg L-1 un-ionized ammonia. Except for NH4+ affinity that increased 2.5-fold, that of the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase for ATP, Mg2+, Na+, K+ and ouabain was unchanged after ammonia exposure. Western blotting of gill microsomal preparations from fresh caught shrimps showed a single immunoreactive band of ≈110 kDa, corresponding to the gill (Na+, K+)-ATPase α-subunit. Ammonia exposure increased (Na+, K+)-ATPase activity by ≈25%, coincident with an additional 130 kDa α-subunit immunoreactive band, and increased K+-stimulated and V(H+)-ATPase activities by ≈2.5-fold. Macrobrachium amazonicum from the Paraná/Paraguay River basin is as tolerant to ammonia as are other Amazon River basins populations, showing toxicity comparable to that of marine crustaceans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela P Garçon
- Campus Universitário de Iturama, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG, Brasil
| | - Leonardo M Fabri
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Cintya M Moraes
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Faculdade de Medicina de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Maria Izabel C Costa
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil
| | - Renata S Freitas
- Campus Universitário de Iturama, Universidade Federal do Triângulo Mineiro, Iturama, MG, Brasil
| | - John C McNamara
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil; Centro de Biologia Marinha, Universidade de São Paulo, São Sebastião, SP, Brasil
| | - Francisco A Leone
- Departamento de Química, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras de Ribeirão Preto, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brasil.
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11
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Liang Y, Wu Y, Li J, Peng R, Jiang M, Jiang X, Chen S, Lin J. Effects of ammonia toxicity on the histopathology, detoxification, oxidative stress, and immune response of the cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis and the mitigation of γ-aminobutyric acid. Ecotoxicol Environ Saf 2022; 232:113256. [PMID: 35131585 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2022.113256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2021] [Revised: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
In this study, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) was examined as an additional supplement to improve the ammonia stress resistance of S. pharaonis. Specifically, we added different doses of GABA (0, 20, 40, 60, 80, and 100 mg/kg) to food, cultivated S. pharaonis in regular seawater for 8 weeks and then in 8.40 mg/L ammonia seawater for 48 h and then investigated the accumulation of ammonia (the hepatic ammonia content), ammonia detoxification process (the urea content), antioxidant enzymes (superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) enzyme activities), immune response (the serum haemolytic complement (C3) and lysozyme (LYZ) contents), membrane lipid peroxidation (malondialdehyde (MDA)) and histopathology of the liver. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could induce ammonia and MDA accumulation and subsequently lead to oxidative stress (decreases in SOD and CAT activities), immunosuppression (reductions in the haemolytic C3 and LYZ content), and histopathological injury in the liver. The application of GABA had a significant effect on alleviating the adverse effect of ammonia poisoning, and 80-100 mg/kg treatment exerted the best effect. This treatment significantly reduced the ammonia and MDA contents, significantly increased the urea content, increased the SOD, CAT, C3 and LYZ activities, reduced the MDA content, suppressed membrane lipid peroxidation, and significantly improved the histopathological injury to the liver. In summary, the results could provide a new method for mitigating liver damage, alleviating the physiological and metabolic disorders caused by ammonia stress in cuttlefish, and provide a theoretical basis for the application of GABA in alleviating ammonia poisoning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunshi Liang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Yi Wu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Jianping Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China.
| | - Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, PR China
| | - Siqing Chen
- Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), Qingdao 266071, PR China
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12
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He K, Luo X, Wen M, Wang C, Qin C, Shao J, Gan L, Dong R, Jiang H. Effect of acute ammonia toxicity on inflammation, oxidative stress and apoptosis in head kidney macrophage of Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the alleviation of curcumin. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 248:109098. [PMID: 34139380 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2021.109098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the most major pollutant and stress factors of aquaculture systems, and has seriously endangered fish health. However, few studies have been performed on mechanisms of the detrimental impact of ammonia stress and mitigation in fish. A study was carried out to investigate the response of genes involved in inflammation, antioxidation, polarization and apoptosis in head kidney macrophages to acute ammonia toxicity, and the alleviation effect of curcumin. The cells were divided into six groups, as follows: The control group composed of untreated macrophages (CON), the experimental groups, consisting of macrophages treated with 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia (AM), 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (CUR), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 5 μmol L-1 curcumin (5A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 25 μmol L-1 curcumin (25A), 0.23 mg L-1 ammonia and 45 μmol L-1 curcumin (45A). The cells were pretreated with different concentrations of curcumin for 1 h and then incubated with ammonia for 24 h. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could increase ROS levels, up-regulate the expression of antioxidant enzymes (SOD and GPx), inflammatory cytokines (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF-α) and inflammatory mediators (NF-κB p65 and COX-2), decrease cell viability, down-regulate the expression of M2 marker (Arg-1) and anti-apoptosis (Bcl-2), but curcumin could alleviate the adverse effect of ammonia toxicity. Overall, these results have important implications for understanding of the mechanism of ammonia toxicity and the mitigating effect of curcumin in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kewei He
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Xueping Luo
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ming Wen
- College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Changan Wang
- Heilongjiang River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Harbin 150070, China.
| | - Chuanjie Qin
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Fishes Conservation and Utilization in the Upper Reaches of theYangtze River, Neijiang Normal University, Neijiang 641100, China.
| | - Jian Shao
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Lei Gan
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Ranran Dong
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China.
| | - Haibo Jiang
- Breeding and Reproduction in The Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; College of Animal Science, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; Key Laboratory for Animal Diseases and Veterinary Public Health of Guizhou Province, Guiyang 550025, China.
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13
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Christou ML, Vasileiadis S, Karpouzas DG, Angelidaki I, Kotsopoulos TA. Effects of organic loading rate and hydraulic retention time on bioaugmentation performance to tackle ammonia inhibition in anaerobic digestion. Bioresour Technol 2021; 334:125246. [PMID: 33971537 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2021.125246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 04/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Three continuously stirred-tank reactors fed with manure operating under high ammonia levels (5.0 g NH3-N L-1) and with increased organic loading rate (OLR), (2.09 R1, 3.02 R2 and 4.0 R3 g VS L-1 d-1), achieved through glucose amendment in R2 and R3, were inoculated with an ammonia-acclimatized microbial culture. Successful bioaugmentation was endured only in R2 and R3, both reactors characterized by high OLR, resulting in 19.6 and 24.5% increase in methane production, respectively. The high OLRs in these reactors favored the co-occurrence of the hydrogenotrophic (Methanobacteriaceae), methylotrophic (Methanomethylophilaceae) and aceticlastic methanogenic pathways. The latter was supported by the successful establishment of ammonium-tolerant Methanosarcina, prevailing in the inoculum. Oppositely in R1, the low OLR prevented the establishment of Methanosarcina, leading to an exclusive hydrogenotrophic methanogenesis and reduced methane production. HRT shortening resulted in limited effect on biomethane performance, indicating a well establishment of the introduced bioaugmentation culture in the reactors.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L Christou
- Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece
| | - S Vasileiadis
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa GR-41500, Greece
| | - D G Karpouzas
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Thessaly, Larissa GR-41500, Greece
| | - I Angelidaki
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Kgs. Lyngby DK-2800, Denmark
| | - T A Kotsopoulos
- Department of Hydraulics, Soil Science and Agricultural Engineering, School of Agriculture, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki GR-54124, Greece.
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14
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Ochoa-Sanchez R, Tamnanloo F, Rose CF. Hepatic Encephalopathy: From Metabolic to Neurodegenerative. Neurochem Res 2021; 46:2612-2625. [PMID: 34129161 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03372-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2021] [Revised: 05/31/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a neuropsychiatric syndrome of both acute and chronic liver disease. As a metabolic disorder, HE is considered to be reversible and therefore is expected to resolve following the replacement of the diseased liver with a healthy liver. However, persisting neurological complications are observed in up to 47% of transplanted patients. Several retrospective studies have shown that patients with a history of HE, particularly overt-HE, had persistent neurological complications even after liver transplantation (LT). These enduring neurological conditions significantly affect patient's quality of life and continue to add to the economic burden of chronic liver disease on health care systems. This review discusses the journey of the brain through the progression of liver disease, entering the invasive surgical procedure of LT and the conditions associated with the post-transplant period. In particular, it will discuss the vulnerability of the HE brain to peri-operative factors and post-LT conditions which may explain non-resolved neurological impairment following LT. In addition, the review will provide evidence; (i) supporting overt-HE impacts on neurological complications post-LT; (ii) that overt-HE leads to permanent neuronal injury and (iii) the pathophysiological role of ammonia toxicity on astrocyte and neuronal injury/damage. Together, these findings will provide new insights on the underlying mechanisms leading to neurological complications post-LT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rafael Ochoa-Sanchez
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis Pavillon R, R08.422, Montreal, QC, H2X-0A9, Canada
| | - Farzaneh Tamnanloo
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis Pavillon R, R08.422, Montreal, QC, H2X-0A9, Canada
| | - Christopher F Rose
- Hepato-Neuro Laboratory, CRCHUM, Université de Montréal, 900, rue Saint-Denis Pavillon R, R08.422, Montreal, QC, H2X-0A9, Canada.
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15
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Wang S, Meng F, Liu Y, Xia S, Wang R. Exogenous inositol ameliorates the effects of acute ammonia toxicity on intestinal oxidative status, immune response, apoptosis, and tight junction barriers of great blue-spotted mudskippers (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris). Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2021; 240:108911. [PMID: 33075492 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2020.108911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2020] [Revised: 09/22/2020] [Accepted: 09/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity can disrupt the intestinal health of aquatic animals. It is important to find substances that alleviate these adverse effects. The present study explored the possible protective role of myo-inositol (MI) in ammonia-induced toxicity in the fish intestine. Great blue-spotted mudskippers (Boleophthalmus pectinirostris) accumulated in artificial seawater (15‰ salinity, n = 600) were randomly selected and intraperitoneally injected with NaCl (0.68%) or MI (2.5 mg/g fish in 0.68% NaCl) then exposed to artificial seawater alone (NaCl and MI group) or seawater containing 57.025 mmol/L ammonium chloride (NH3 and NH3 + MI group). After a 24-h experiment, it showed that ammonia exposure down-regulated the mRNA expression levels of intestinal barrier function proteins (Zo-1, Ocln, Cldn-5, Cldn-12, and Cldn-15) and anti-inflammatory cytokines (Tgf-β and Il-10) while the acute ammonia stress up-regulated the apoptosis genes (p53, Bax, Caspase-3, and Caspase-9) and pro-inflammatory cytokines (Tnf-α and Il-1β). Furthermore, ammonia challenge also induced oxidative stress, as the malondialdehyde and the protein carbonyl contents were increased. In addition, ammonia stress down-regulated the antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-Sod, Cat, Gpx, and Gst) activities as well as their gene transcription levels. The administration of the exogenous myo-inositol greatly ameliorated the ammonia-induced changes in redox capacity, immune response, apoptosis, inflammation, and tight junction barrier function to levels similar to those of the NaCl group. Furthermore, fish injected with MI alone showed no significant changes compared with the NaCl group. Taken together, pretreatment with myo-inositol had no obvious side-effects and effectively protected the mudskippers' intestine from the toxicity caused by acute ammonia stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shidong Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Yang Liu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Silei Xia
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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16
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Xu R, Zheng X. Hemocytes transcriptomes reveal metabolism changes and detoxification mechanisms in response to ammonia stress in Octopus minor. Ecotoxicology 2020; 29:1441-1452. [PMID: 32945976 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-020-02279-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is one of the major aquatic environmental pollutants that can bring detrimental effects to the growth and survival of aquatic organisms. However, the molecular mechanisms of ammonia toxicity and ammonia excretion in marine invertebrates especially mollusks are still poorly understood. Cephalopods are exclusively ammonotelic with high protein metabolism and ammonia excretion rate, making this taxonomic group an ideal specimen to explore the ammonia detoxification mechanism. In this study, comparative transcriptomes were employed to investigate the transcriptional changes of O. minor in responses to acute ammonia exposure. A total of 63,237 unigenes with an average length of 811 bp were discovered and 25,708 unigenes were successfully annotated. The transcription of 1845 genes were significantly changed after ammonia stress, including 315 up-regulated genes and 1530 down-regulated genes. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis based on differentially expressed genes (DEGs) revealed that 44 GO terms and 55 KEGG pathways were over-represented. Notably, a large number of genes involved in immune defense, citric acid (TCA) cycle, oxidative phosphorylation and amino acid metabolisms were significantly down-regulated, indicating the decelerated energy production and amino acid rate in response to acute ammonia stress. These results provide new insights into the potential molecular mechanism of ammonia detoxification on transcriptomic level and will facilitate further mechanism studies on mollusks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ran Xu
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003, Qingdao, China
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003, Qingdao, China
| | - Xiaodong Zheng
- Institute of Evolution and Marine Biodiversity, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003, Qingdao, China.
- Key Laboratory of Mariculture, Ocean University of China, Yushan Road 5, 266003, Qingdao, China.
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17
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Zhu X, Li M, Liu B. Acute ammonia poisoning in dolly varden char (Salvelinus malma) and effect of methionine sulfoximine. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2020; 101:198-204. [PMID: 32251762 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2020.03.068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2020] [Revised: 03/28/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is toxic to most bony fishes. However, little information is available on the toxicology mechanisms induced by ammonia and the means to mitigate the effects by various fishes. In this study, four groups of experiments were designed and carried out to test the response of dolly varden char to ammonia toxicity and their mitigation through methionine sulfoximine (MSO). NaCl group was injected with NaCl, NH3 group was injected with ammonium acetate, NH3+MSO group was injected with ammonium acetate and MSO, MSO group was injected with MSO. Results showed that ammonia toxicity could lead to blood deterioration (elevation in white blood cell and blood ammonia), free amino acid imbalance (elevation in glutamine, glutamate, arginine and ornithine, coupled with reduction of citrulline and aspartate), ammonia metabolism enzyme activity inhibition (reduction in carbamyl phosphate synthetase, ornithine transcarbamylase and arginase), oxidative stress (reduction in superoxide dismutase, catalase and glutathione peroxidase) and immunosuppression (reduction in lysozyme, 50% hemolytic complement, total immunoglobulin and phagocytic index), but the MSO can eliminate fatal effect of oxidative damage. In addition, ammonia poisoning could induce down-regulation of antioxidant enzymes coding genes (SOD, CAT and GPx) and up-regulation of inflammatory cytokine genes (TNFα, IL-1β and IL-8) transcription, suggesting that immunosuppression and inflammation may relate to oxidative stress in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xingzun Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China; School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Bao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Epigenetics of the Ministry of Education (MOE), Northeast Normal University, Changchun, 130024, China
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Banerjee B, Koner D, Hasan R, Bhattacharya S, Saha N. Transcriptome analysis reveals novel insights in air-breathing magur catfish (Clarias magur) in response to high environmental ammonia. Gene 2019; 703:35-49. [PMID: 30953708 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2019.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2018] [Revised: 03/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The facultative air-breathing magur catfish (Clarias magur) frequently face different environmental challenges, such as hyper-ammonia, and desiccation stresses in their natural habitats. All these stresses lead to higher accumulation of body ammonia, thereby causing various harmful effects to the fish due to its toxicity. Nonetheless, the mechanisms underlying ammonia-induced toxicity is yet not clear. In the present study, we used RNA sequencing and utilized a modified method for de novo assembly of the transcriptome to provide an exhaustive study on the transcriptomic alterations of magur catfish in response to high environmental ammonia (HEA; 25 mM NH4Cl). The final contig assembly produced a total of 311,076 unique transcripts (termed as unigenes) with a GC content of 48.3% and the average length of 599 bp. A considerable number of SSR marker associated with these unigenes were also detected. A total of 279,156 transcripts were successfully annotated by using various databases. Comparative transcriptomic analysis revealed a total of 3453 and 19,455 genes were differentially expressed in the liver and brain tissues, respectively, in ammonia-treated fish compared to the control. Enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) showed that several GO and KEGG pathway terms were significantly over-represented. Functional analysis of significantly elevated DEGs demonstrated that ammonia stress tolerance of the magur catfish was associated with quite a few pathways related to immune response, oxidative stress, and apoptosis, as well as few transporter proteins involved with ammonia and urea transport. Both liver and brain tissues showed HEA-mediated oxidative damage with consequent activation of antioxidant machinery. However, elevated ROS levels led to an activation of inflammatory cytokines and thus innate immune response in the liver. Conversely, in the brain ROS-mediated irreversible cell damages activated apoptosis via both p53-Bax-Bcl2 and caspase-mediated pathways. The present study provides a novel understanding of the molecular responses of this air-breathing catfish against the ammonia-induced stressors, which could elucidate the underlying mechanisms of adaptation of this facultative air-breather living under various environmental constraints.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Debaprasad Koner
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Rubaiya Hasan
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India
| | - Samir Bhattacharya
- Molecular Endocrinology Laboratory, Centre for Advanced Studies in Zoology, Visva-Bharati University, Santiniketan 731235, India
| | - Nirmalendu Saha
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong 793022, India.
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Kumari S, Choudhury MG, Saha N. Hyper-ammonia stress causes induction of inducible nitric oxide synthase gene and more production of nitric oxide in air-breathing magur catfish, Clarias magur (Hamilton). Fish Physiol Biochem 2019; 45:907-920. [PMID: 30536137 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-018-0593-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nitric oxide (NO) is an important signalling molecule that plays diverse physiological functions in several vertebrates including that of adaptation to various stressful stimuli. The air-breathing magur catfish (Clarias magur) is known to tolerate a very high external ammonia (HEA) stress in its natural habitats. We report here the possible induction of inducible nitric oxide (inos) gene and more generation of NO in magur catfish exposed to HEA. Exposure to HEA (25 mM NH4Cl) for 14 days led to the higher accumulation of NO in different tissues of magur catfish and also more efflux of NO from the perfused liver of NH4Cl-treated fish as a consequence of high build of toxic ammonia in body tissues. More synthesis and accumulation of NO in body tissues was associated with the induction of iNOS activity, which otherwise was not detectable in control fish. The stimulation of iNOS activity in HEA exposed fish was mainly due to induction of inos gene as evidenced by more expression of inos mRNA and also more abundance of iNOS protein in different tissues of magur catfish. Immunocytochemical analysis indicated the zonal specific expression of iNOS protein in different tissues of magur catfish. The augmentation of iNOS in the fish under HEA could be an adaptive strategy of the fish to defend against the ammonia stress through the generation of NO. Therefore, the present finding identifies the potential role of iNOS to enhance the adaptive capacity and survivability of catfish under various adverse environmental and pathological conditions that it faces in its natural habitats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suman Kumari
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Mahua G Choudhury
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Assam Don Bosco University, Assam, 782402, India
| | - Nirmalendu Saha
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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Alencar VTCB, Lobo AKM, Carvalho FEL, Silveira JAG. High ammonium supply impairs photosynthetic efficiency in rice exposed to excess light. Photosynth Res 2019; 140:321-335. [PMID: 30694432 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-019-00614-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mechanisms involving ammonium toxicity, excess light, and photosynthesis are scarcely known in plants. We tested the hypothesis that high NH4+ supply in presence of high light decreases photosynthetic efficiency of rice plants, an allegedly tolerant species. Mature rice plants were previously supplied with 10 mM NH4+ or 10 mM NO3- and subsequently exposed to 400 µmol m-2 s-1 (moderate light-ML) or 2000 µmol m-2 s-1 (high light-HL) for 8 h. HL greatly stimulated NH4+ accumulation in roots and in a minor extent in leaves. These plants displayed significant delay in D1 protein recovery in the dark, compared to nitrate-supplied plants. These responses were related to reduction of both PSII and PSI quantum efficiencies and induction of non-photochemical quenching. These changes were also associated with higher limitation in the donor side and lower restriction in the acceptor side of PSI. This later response was closely related to prominent decrease in stomatal conductance and net CO2 assimilation that could have strongly affected the energy balance in chloroplast, favoring ATP accumulation and NPQ induction. In parallel, NH4+ induced a strong increase in the electron flux to photorespiration and, inversely, it decreased the flux to Rubisco carboxylation. Overall, ammonium supply negatively interacts with excess light, possibly by enhancing ammonium transport towards leaves, causing negative effects on some photosynthetic steps. We propose that high ammonium supply to rice combined with excess light is capable to induce strong delay in D1 protein turnover and restriction in stomatal conductance, which might have contributed to generalized disturbances on photosynthetic efficiency.
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Affiliation(s)
- V T C B Alencar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - A K M Lobo
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - F E L Carvalho
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil
| | - J A G Silveira
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Biologia Molecular, Laboratório de Metabolismo de Plantas, Universidade Federal do Ceará, Av. Humberto Monte 2825, Campus do Pici, Bl. 907, CP 6020, Fortaleza, Ceará, CEP 60451-970, Brazil.
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Lu X, Luan S, Dai P, Luo K, Chen B, Cao B, Sun L, Yan Y, Kong J. Insights into the molecular basis of immunosuppression and increasing pathogen infection severity of ammonia toxicity by transcriptome analysis in pacific white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2019; 88:528-539. [PMID: 30885745 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2019.03.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2019] [Revised: 03/09/2019] [Accepted: 03/12/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The high concentration of ammonia resulting from intensive culture system and environmental pollution could cause disease occurrence in shrimp, but little information is available on its molecular mechanisms. In this study, we performed comparative transcriptome analysis among WSSV-infected shrimp under ammonia stress (LAV), WSSV-infected shrimp under normal water (LV), and normal shrimp under ammonia stress (LA) groups to identify the key genes and pathways involved in immunosuppression and increasing pathogen infection severity caused by ammonia toxicity in Litopenaeus vannamei. Totally, 526 significantly differential expressed genes (DEGs) were identified in LAV group compared to LV and LA groups, among which 270 genes were lost expressed and 67 genes uniquely expressed in the LAV group. According to the public functional reports for the annotated DEGs, they potentially involved in the following functions: (1) accelerating pathogen adhesion, invasion and multiplication; (2) reducing the ability for pathogen defense and immune response; (3) inhibiting positive regulation of apoptotic and antioxidant defense for host homeostasis; (4) inhibiting transcription and protein transport; (5) and increasing protein methylation and ubiquitination, etc. A total of 13 pathways were obtained mainly involving in this process, which mainly led to the following changes: (1) increasing the immunosuppression, anemia, endocrine dysfunction, neurotoxic effect and neuroinvasion, atherosclerosis and thrombogenesis, blood-brain barrier penetration, thyroid disorder, necrosis, inflammation, and circadian disturbance; (2) reducing the ability of vascular remodeling, angiogenesis, cell survival, migration, apoptosis, and lymph transferred to blood stream; (3) leading to cell hypertrophy, cellular shape changes, and mesangial matrix expansion. The present results firstly supplied molecular mechanisms for the ammonia toxicity inhibiting the immune system and increasing pathogen infection severity in shrimp, which is a prerequisite for better understanding the pathogenesis caused by ammonia toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xia Lu
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Sheng Luan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Ping Dai
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Kun Luo
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baolong Chen
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Baoxiang Cao
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China
| | - Li Sun
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai, 201306, China
| | - Yunjun Yan
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Wuxi Fisheries College, Nanjing Agricultural University, Wuxi, 214081, China
| | - Jie Kong
- Key Laboratory of Sustainable Utilization of Marine Fisheries Resources, Ministry of Agriculture, Yellow Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Qingdao, 266071, China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, China.
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22
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Zheng H, Wu X, Zou G, Zhou T, Liu Y, Ruan R. Cultivation of Chlorella vulgaris in manure-free piggery wastewater with high-strength ammonium for nutrients removal and biomass production: Effect of ammonium concentration, carbon/nitrogen ratio and pH. Bioresour Technol 2019; 273:203-211. [PMID: 30447621 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2018.11.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 10/31/2018] [Accepted: 11/05/2018] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity is a major disadvantage of microalgal growth when high-strength ammonium wastewaters like manure-free piggery wastewater (MFPW) were used as microalgal growth medium. In the present study, the effect of ammonium concentration, carbon/nitrogen ratio, and pH on ammonia toxicity of Chlorella vulgaris cultivated in the MFPW and nutrients removal was investigated. The three important parameters affected ammonia toxicity of C. vulgaris and nutrients removal of the MFPW significantly. The ammonium concentration of the MFPW could be decreased by air stripping. Microalga grew best at a carbon/nitrogen ratio of 25:1 with the maximum biomass concentration of 3.83 g L-1, the highest cell viability of 97%, and the removal of 100% ammonia, 95% of total phosphorus, and 99% of chemical oxygen demand. Ammonia toxicity was alleviated by pH control. The application of the established strategies can enhance nutrients removal of the MFPW while mitigating ammonia toxicity of C. vulgaris.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongli Zheng
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiaodan Wu
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Guyue Zou
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Ting Zhou
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China
| | - Roger Ruan
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and College of Food Science and Technology and State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, 235 East Nanjing Road, Nanchang, Jiangxi 330047, People's Republic of China; Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Avenue, St. Paul, MN 55108, United States
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23
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Zhang M, Li M, Wang R, Qian Y. Effects of acute ammonia toxicity on oxidative stress, immune response and apoptosis of juvenile yellow catfish Pelteobagrus fulvidraco and the mitigation of exogenous taurine. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 79:313-320. [PMID: 29802884 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.05.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 93] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia can easily form in intensive culture systems due to ammonification of uneaten food and animal excretion, which usually brings detrimental health effects to fish. However, little information is available on the mechanisms of the detrimental effects of ammonia stress and mitigate means in fish. In this study, the four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of yellow catfish to ammonia toxicity and their mitigation through taurine: group 1 was injected with NaCl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected taurine. The results showed that ammonia poisoning could induce ammonia, glutamine, glutamate and malondialdehyde accumulation, and subsequently lead to blood deterioration (red blood cell, hemoglobin and serum biochemical index reduced), oxidative stress (superoxide dismutase and catalase activities declined) and immunosuppression (lysozyme, 50% hemolytic complement, total immunoglobulin, phagocytic index and respiratory burst reduced), but the exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of ammonia poisoning. In addition, ammonia poisoning could induce up-regulation of antioxidant enzymes (Cu/Zn-SOD, CAT, GPx and GR), inflammatory cytokines (TNF, IL-1 and IL-8) and apoptosis (p53, Bax, caspase 3 and caspase 9) genes transcription, suggesting that cell apoptotic and inflammation may relate to oxidative stress. This result will be helpful to understand the mechanism of aquatic toxicology induced by ammonia in fish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muzi Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Yunxia Qian
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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24
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Lu Q, Chen P, Addy M, Zhang R, Deng X, Ma Y, Cheng Y, Hussain F, Chen C, Liu Y, Ruan R. Carbon-dependent alleviation of ammonia toxicity for algae cultivation and associated mechanisms exploration. Bioresour Technol 2018; 249:99-107. [PMID: 29040866 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.09.175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2017] [Revised: 09/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/25/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia toxicity in wastewater is one of the factors that limit the application of algae technology in wastewater treatment. This work explored the correlation between carbon sources and ammonia assimilation and applied a glucose-assisted nitrogen starvation method to alleviate ammonia toxicity. In this study, ammonia toxicity to Chlorella sp. was observed when NH3-N concentration reached 28.03mM in artificial wastewater. Addition of alpha-ketoglutarate in wastewater promoted ammonia assimilation, but low utilization efficiency and high cost of alpha-ketoglutarate limits its application in wastewater treatment. Comparison of three common carbon sources, glucose, citric acid, and sodium bicarbonate, indicates that in terms of ammonia assimilation, glucose is the best carbon source. Experimental results suggest that organic carbon with good ability of generating energy and hydride donor may be critical to ammonia assimilation. Nitrogen starvation treatment assisted by glucose increased ammonia removal efficiencies and algal viabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Lu
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Paul Chen
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Min Addy
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Renchuan Zhang
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Xiangyuan Deng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yiwei Ma
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yanling Cheng
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Fida Hussain
- Faculty of Science and Technology, Qurtuba University of Science and Technology, Peshawar, KP, Pakistan
| | - Chi Chen
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA
| | - Yuhuan Liu
- MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining, and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; Department of Food Science and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA; MOE Biomass Energy Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Food Science, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330000, China.
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25
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Thomas PK, Dunn GP, Passero M, Feris KP. Free ammonia offers algal crop protection from predators in dairy wastewater and ammonium-rich media. Bioresour Technol 2017; 243:724-730. [PMID: 28711800 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2017.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Cost-effective methods for protecting crops from grazing organisms like rotifers are needed to reduce the risk of pond crashes in mass algal cultures. We present a novel strategy to optimize the exposure time to free ammonia, via control of media pH, in both defined media and dairy anaerobic digester effluent to suppress rotifers and maintain algal productivity. We tested five different free ammonia exposure times (0, 1, 2, 6, and 12h) and found a significant nonlinear effect of exposure time (p<0.0001) but not pH (p>0.9) on rotifer survival. In both media types, 6-12h of elevated free ammonia significantly reduced Brachionus plicatilis rotifer survival with no negative effects on Nannochloropsis oculata, while shorter exposure times were insufficient to inhibit rotifers, leading to severe algal culture crashes. These results suggest that algal crops can be protected from rotifers, without productivity loss, by elevating free ammonia for 6 or more hours.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick K Thomas
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA; School of Natural Resources and Environment, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Gary P Dunn
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Maxine Passero
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA
| | - Kevin P Feris
- Department of Biological Sciences, Boise State University, Boise, ID, USA.
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Hangzo H, Banerjee B, Saha S, Saha N. Ammonia stress under high environmental ammonia induces Hsp70 and Hsp90 in the mud eel, Monopterus cuchia. Fish Physiol Biochem 2017; 43:77-88. [PMID: 27492114 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-016-0269-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The obligatory air-breathing mud eel (Monopterus cuchia) is frequently being challenged with high environmental ammonia (HEA) exposure in its natural habitats. The present study investigated the possible induction of heat shock protein 70 and 90 (hsp70, hsc70, hsp90α and hsp90β) genes and more expression of Hsp70 and Hsp90 proteins under ammonia stress in different tissues of the mud eel after exposure to HEA (50 mM NH4Cl) for 14 days. HEA resulted in significant accumulation of toxic ammonia in different body tissues and plasma, which was accompanied with the stimulation of oxidative stress in the mud eel as evidenced by more accumulation of malondialdehyde (MDA) and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) during exposure to HEA. Further, hyper-ammonia stress led to significant increase in the levels of mRNA transcripts for inducible hsp70 and hsp90α genes and also their translated proteins in different tissues probably as a consequence of induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes in the mud eel. However, hyper-ammonia stress was neither associated with any significant alterations in the levels of mRNA transcripts for constitutive hsc70 and hsp90β genes nor their translated proteins in any of the tissues studied. More abundance of Hsp70 and Hsp90α proteins might be one of the strategies adopted by the mud eel to defend itself from the ammonia-induced cellular damages under ammonia stress. Further, this is the first report of ammonia-induced induction of hsp70 and hsp90α genes under hyper-ammonia stress in any freshwater air-breathing teleost.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hnunlalliani Hangzo
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Bodhisattwa Banerjee
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India
| | - Shrabani Saha
- Institute of Biotechnology, Amity University, Sector 125, Noida, 201303, India
| | - Nirmalendu Saha
- Biochemical Adaptation Laboratory, Department of Zoology, North-Eastern Hill University, Shillong, 793022, India.
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Ren Q, Li M, Yuan L, Song M, Xing X, Shi G, Meng F, Wang R. Acute ammonia toxicity in crucian carp Carassius auratus and effects of taurine on hyperammonemia. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2016; 190:9-14. [PMID: 27510860 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2016] [Revised: 07/28/2016] [Accepted: 08/02/2016] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of crucian carp Carassius auratus to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with NaCl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected with taurine. Fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia and glutamine contents, and the lowest glutamate content in liver and brain. Serum superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione (GSH) activities, red cell count (RBC), white cell count (WBC), lysozyme (LYZ) activity, complement C3 content of fish in group 2 reflected the lowest, but malondialdehyde content was the highest. Importantly, serum SOD and GSH activites, RBC, WBC, and LYZ activity, C3, C4 and total immunoglobulin contents of fish in group 3 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 2. This study indicates that ammonia exerts its toxic effects by interfering with amino acid transport, inducing ROS generation, leading to malondialdehyde accumulation and immunosuppression of crucian carp. The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianyan Ren
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China; College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Meize Song
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Xiaodan Xing
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316000, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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28
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Franchino M, Tigini V, Varese GC, Mussat Sartor R, Bona F. Microalgae treatment removes nutrients and reduces ecotoxicity of diluted piggery digestate. Sci Total Environ 2016; 569-570:40-45. [PMID: 27328398 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.06.100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2016] [Revised: 06/14/2016] [Accepted: 06/14/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Liquid digestate is considered as an important by-product of anaerobic digestion of agriculture wastes. Currently, it is very often directly spread on local agricultural land. Yet recently concerns on its environmental risk of this processing has begun to rise. On the other hand, investigations on the effectiveness of microalgae for wastewater treatment have started to consider also this complex matrix. In this study, we cultured the green alga Chlorella vulgaris in diluted digestate coming from the anaerobic digestion of pig slurry and corn, with the aim to significantly reduce its toxicity and its very high nutrient concentration. For this purpose, a battery of toxicity tests composed of four acute and two chronic bioassays was applied after the alga cultivation. Results were compared with those obtained in the initial characterization of the digestate. Results show that highly diluted piggery digestate can be a suitable medium for culturing microalgae, as we obtained a high removal efficiency (>90%) for ammonia, total nitrogen and phosphate, though after a few days phosphorus limitation occurred. Toxicity was significantly reduced for all the organisms tested. Possible solutions for optimizing this approach avoiding high dilution rates are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Franchino
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy
| | - Valeria Tigini
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cristina Varese
- Mycotheca Universitatis Taurinensis, Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, viale Mattioli, 25, 10125 Turin, Italy
| | | | - Francesca Bona
- Laboratory of Aquatic Ecosystems, Department of Life Sciences and System Biology, University of Turin, via Accademia Albertina, 13, 10123 Turin, Italy.
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29
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Wu YB, Zhang L, Li WT, Yang Y, Zhao JM. Artesunate restores spatial learning of rats with hepatic encephalopathy by inhibiting ammonia-induced oxidative damage in neurons and dysfunction of glutamate signaling in astroglial cells. Biomed Pharmacother 2016; 84:972-978. [PMID: 27764760 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2016.09.104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2016] [Revised: 09/20/2016] [Accepted: 09/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Artesunate (ART) is an antimalarial drug with potential anti-inflammatory effect. This study aimed to explore the potential protective role of ART in hepatic encephalopathy (HE), involving its function against ammonia toxicity. METHODS HE rats were induced by the administration of thioacetamide (TAA, 300mg/kg/day). Spatial learning ability was tested in both Morris water and eight-arm radial maze. Rat cerebellar granule neurons (CGNs) were prepared for ammonia treatment in vitro, in line with SH-SY5Y and C6 cells. ART was administrated at 50 or 100mg/kg/day in vivo or added at 50 or 100μM in vitro. Oxidative damages were evaluated by the changes of cell viability, reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and glutathione (GSH) content, while glutamate uptake and release, and the activities of glutamine synthetase (GS) and Na+K+-ATPase were measured to indicate the dysfunction of glutamate signaling. RESULTS Decreased escape latency and increased numbers of working errors were observed in TAA-induced HE rats, which could be significantly restored by ART at a dosage-dependent manner. Decreased cell viability and GSH content and increased ROS accumulation were detected in ammonia-treated SH-SY5Y and CGNs, while ammonia-treated C6 cells showed reduced glutamate uptake, increased glutamate release, and decrease of GSH content, GS and Na+K+-ATPase activity. In contrast, ART, especially at 100μM, strongly reversed all changes induced by ammonia, showing a similar dosage-dependent manner in vitro. CONCLUSION This study revealed a new neuroprotective role of ART in the pathogenesis of HE, by protecting neurons and astroglial cells from ammonia-induced damages and dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan-Bo Wu
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Wen-Ting Li
- Department of Infectious Disease, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Yi Yang
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230001, Anhui Province, China
| | - Jiang-Ming Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Anhui Medical University, HeFei 230001, Anhui Province, China.
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Markou G, Muylaert K. Effect of light intensity on the degree of ammonia toxicity on PSII activity of Arthrospira platensis and Chlorella vulgaris. Bioresour Technol 2016; 216:453-461. [PMID: 27262720 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.05.094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2016] [Revised: 05/21/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Herein the effect of increasing light intensity on the degree of ammonia toxicity and its impact on the photosynthetic performance of Arthrospira and Chlorella was investigated using Chl fluorescence as a technique to characterize their photosystem II (PSII) activity. The results revealed that the increase of light intensity amplifies the ammonia toxicity on PSII. Chl fluorescence transients shown that at a given free ammonia (FA) concentration (100mg-N/L), the photochemistry potential decreased by increasing light intensity. The inhibition of the PSII was not reversible either by re-incubating the cells under dark or under decreased FA concentration. Moreover, the decrease of photochemical and non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) of fluorescence suggest that ammonia toxicity decreases the open available PSII centers, as well the inability of PSII to transfer the generated electrons beyond QA. The collapse of NPQ suggests that ammonia toxicity inhibits the photoprotection mechanism(s) and hence renders PSII more sensitive to photoinhibition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Markou
- Laboratory Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium; Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
| | - Koenraad Muylaert
- Laboratory Aquatic Biology, KU Leuven Kulak, E. Sabbelaan 53, 8500 Kortrijk, Belgium
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Xing X, Li M, Yuan L, Song M, Ren Q, Shi G, Meng F, Wang R. The protective effects of taurine on acute ammonia toxicity in grass carp Ctenopharynodon idellus. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2016; 56:517-522. [PMID: 27514785 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2016.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2016] [Revised: 07/16/2016] [Accepted: 08/07/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The four experimental groups were carried out to test the response of grass carp Ctenopharyngodon idella to ammonia toxicity and taurine: group 1 was injected with NaCl, group 2 was injected with ammonium acetate, group 3 was injected with ammonium acetate and taurine, and group 4 was injected taurine. Fish in group 2 had the highest ammonia content in the liver and brain, and alanine, arginine, glutamine, glutamate and glycine contents in liver. Brain alanine and glutamate of fish in group 2 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 1. Malondialdehyde content of fish in group 2 was the highest, but superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities were the lowest. Although fish in group 2 had the lowest red cell count and hemoglobin, the highest alkaline phosphatase, complement C3, C4 and total immunoglobulin contents appeared in this group. In addition, superoxide dismutase and glutathione activities, red cell count and hemoglobin of fish in group 3 were significantly higher than those of fish in group 2, but malondialdehyde content is the opposite. This study indicates that ammonia exerts its toxic effects by interfering with amino acid transport, inducing reactive oxygen species generation and malondialdehyde accumulation, leading to blood deterioration and over-activation of immune response. The exogenous taurine could mitigate the adverse effect of high ammonia level on fish physiological disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaodan Xing
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China; College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ming Li
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
| | - Lixia Yuan
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Meize Song
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Qianyan Ren
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Ge Shi
- College of Marine Science, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan, 316000, China
| | - Fanxing Meng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China
| | - Rixin Wang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, China.
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Wang H, Fotidis IA, Angelidaki I. Ammonia-LCFA synergetic co-inhibition effect in manure-based continuous biomethanation process. Bioresour Technol 2016; 209:282-289. [PMID: 26985628 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2016.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2016] [Revised: 02/26/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In the current study it has been hypothesized that, when organic loading of an anaerobic reactor is increased, the additional cell biomass biosynthesis would capture more ammonia nitrogen and thereby reduce the ammonia toxicity. Therefore, the alleviation of the toxicity of high ammonia levels using lipids (glycerol trioleate-GTO) or carbohydrates (glucose-GLU) as co-substrates in manure-based thermophilic continuous stirred-tank reactors (R(GTO) and R(GLU), respectively) was tested. At 5gNH4(+)-NL(-1), relative methane production of R(GTO) and R(GLU), was 10.5% and 41% compared to the expected uninhibited production, respectively. At the same time control reactor (R(CTL)), only fed with manure, reached 32.7% compared to the uninhibited basis production. Therefore, it seems that using lipids to counteract the ammonia effect in CSTR reactors creates an "ammonia-LCFA (long chain fatty acids) synergetic co-inhibition" effect. Moreover, co-digestion with glucose in R(GLU) was more robust to ammonia toxicity compared to R(CTL).
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Wang
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
| | - Ioannis A Fotidis
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark.
| | - Irini Angelidaki
- Department of Environmental Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, Building 113, DK-2800 Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark
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Tao W, Han J, Li H. Investigation into ammonia stress on Cyperus alternifolius and its impact on nutrient removal in microcosm experiments. J Environ Manage 2015; 163:254-261. [PMID: 26332458 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2015.08.028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2015] [Revised: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 08/20/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia stress on plants has been investigated at discrete ammonia concentrations in constructed wetlands. This study introduced a Gaussian model to simulate the kinetics of ammonia stress and investigated reversible and irreversible ammonia stress on Cyperus alternifolius in wetland-like microcosms. Ammonia stress on plant weight increase and oxygen release potential started at weekly ammonia concentrations of 27 and 28 mg N/L, reached 50% inhibition at 178 and 158 mg N/L, and resulted in lethal effects at 311 and 303 mg N/L, respectively. The stress of one-time ammonia concentrations up to 400 mg N/L could be reversible. Ammonia concentrations constantly above 219 mg N/L exerted irreversible stress. In the microcosms with ammonia concentrations above the 50% inhibition levels, plants played a minor role in nitrogen removal. Nitrogen removal performance was not affected considerably by ammonia stress. Orthophosphate removal was suppressed by ammonia stress due to less plant uptake. Design and operation of constructed wetlands should consider wastewater ammonia concentration so that the integrity of constructed wetland ecosystems can be maintained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wendong Tao
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA.
| | - Jianqiu Han
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA; Department of Ecological Technology and Engineering, Shanghai Institute of Technology, 100 Haiquan Road, Fengxian District, Shanghai 201418, China
| | - Hanyan Li
- Department of Environmental Resources Engineering, College of Environmental Science and Forestry, State University of New York, 1 Forestry Drive, Syracuse, NY 13210, USA
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Wang W, Yang C, Tang X, Zhu Q, Pan K, Cai D, Hu Q, Ma D. Carbon and energy fixation of great duckweed Spirodela polyrhiza growing in swine wastewater. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2015; 22:15804-15811. [PMID: 26036587 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4778-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The ability to fix carbon and energy in swine wastewater of duckweeds was investigated using Spirodela polyrhiza as the model species. Cultures of S. polyrhiza were grown in dilutions of both original swine wastewater (OSW) and anaerobic digestion effluent (ADE) based on total ammonia nitrogen (TAN). Results showed that elevated concentrations of TAN caused decreased growth, carbon fixation, and energy production rates, particularly just after the first rise in two types of swine wastewater. Also, OSW was more suitable for S. polyrhiza cultivation than ADE. Maximum carbon and energy fixation were achieved at OSW-TAN concentrations of 12.08 and 13.07 mg L(-1), respectively. Photosynthetic activity of S. polyrhiza could be inhibited by both nutrient stress (in high-concentration wastewater) and nutrient limitation (in low-concentration wastewater), affecting its growth and ability for carbon-energy fixation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenguo Wang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China.
| | - Chuang Yang
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610061, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaoyu Tang
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qili Zhu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Ke Pan
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Denggao Cai
- The Second Research Institute of CAAC, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Qichun Hu
- Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture, Chengdu, 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Danwei Ma
- College of Life Sciences, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu, 610061, People's Republic of China
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Markou G. Fed-batch cultivation of Arthrospira and Chlorella in ammonia-rich wastewater: Optimization of nutrient removal and biomass production. Bioresour Technol 2015; 193:35-41. [PMID: 26117233 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.06.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2015] [Revised: 06/13/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
In the present work the cyanobacterium Arthrospira platensis and the microalga Chlorella vulgaris were fed-batch cultivated in ammonia-rich wastewater derived from the anaerobic digestion of poultry litter. Aim of the study was to maximize the biomass production along with the nutrient removal aiming to wastewater treatment. Ammonia and phosphorus removals were very high (>95%) for all cultures investigated. Both microorganisms were able to remove volatile fatty acids to an extent of >90%, indicating that they were capable of mixotrophic growth. Chemical oxygen demand and proteins were also removed in various degrees. In contrast, in all cultures carbohydrate concentration was increased. The biochemical composition of the microorganisms varied greatly and was influenced by the indicate that the nutrient availability. A. platensis accumulated carbohydrates (≈ 40%), while C. vulgaris accumulated lipids (≈ 50%), rendering them interesting for biofuel production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giorgos Markou
- Department of Agricultural Engineering, Institute of Soil and Water Resources, Hellenic Agricultural Organization-Demeter, Leoforos Dimokratias 61, 13561 Athens, Greece; Department of Natural Resources Management and Agricultural Engineering, Agricultural University of Athens, Iera Odos 75, 11855 Athens, Greece.
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36
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Wilkie MP, Stecyk JAW, Couturier CS, Sidhu S, Sandvik GK, Nilsson GE. Reversible brain swelling in crucian carp (Carassius carassius) and goldfish (Carassius auratus) in response to high external ammonia and anoxia. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2015; 184:65-75. [PMID: 25582543 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2014.12.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2014] [Revised: 12/30/2014] [Accepted: 12/31/2014] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
Increased internal ammonia (hyperammonemia) and ischemic/anoxic insults are known to result in a cascade of deleterious events that can culminate in potentially fatal brain swelling in mammals. It is less clear, however, if the brains of fishes respond to ammonia in a similar manner. The present study demonstrated that the crucian carp (Carassius carassius) was not only able to endure high environmental ammonia exposure (HEA; 2 to 22 mmol L(-1)) but that they experienced 30% increases in brain water content at the highest ammonia concentrations. This swelling was accompanied by 4-fold increases in plasma total ammonia (TAmm) concentration, but both plasma TAmm and brain water content were restored to pre-exposure levels following depuration in ammonia-free water. The closely related, ammonia-tolerant goldfish (Carassius auratus) responded similarly to HEA (up to 3.6 mmol L(-1)), which was accompanied by 4-fold increases in brain glutamine. Subsequent administration of the glutamine synthetase inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (MSO), reduced brain glutamine accumulation by 80% during HEA. However, MSO failed to prevent ammonia-induced increases in brain water content suggesting that glutamine may not be directly involved in initiating ammonia-induced brain swelling in fishes. Although the mechanisms of brain swelling are likely different, exposure to anoxia for 96 h caused similar, but lesser (10%) increases in brain water content in crucian carp. We conclude that brain swelling in some fishes may be a common response to increased internal ammonia or lower oxygen but further research is needed to deduce the underlying mechanisms behind such responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael P Wilkie
- Department of Biology and Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada; Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway.
| | - Jonathan A W Stecyk
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway; Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alaska Anchorage, Anchorage, USA
| | | | - Sanya Sidhu
- Department of Biology and Institute for Water Science, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, Ontario N2L 3C5, Canada
| | - Guro K Sandvik
- Department of Biosciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
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Abstract
Human adults produce around 1000 mmol of ammonia daily. Some is reutilized in biosynthesis. The remainder is waste and neurotoxic. Eventually most is excreted in urine as urea, together with ammonia used as a buffer. In extrahepatic tissues, ammonia is incorporated into nontoxic glutamine and released into blood. Large amounts are metabolized by the kidneys and small intestine. In the intestine, this yields ammonia, which is sequestered in portal blood and transported to the liver for ureagenesis, and citrulline, which is converted to arginine by the kidneys. The amazing developments in NMR imaging and spectroscopy and molecular biology have confirmed concepts derived from early studies in animals and cell cultures. The processes involved are exquisitely tuned. When they are faulty, ammonia accumulates. Severe acute hyperammonemia causes a rapidly progressive, often fatal, encephalopathy with brain edema. Chronic milder hyperammonemia causes a neuropsychiatric illness. Survivors of severe neonatal hyperammonemia have structural brain damage. Proposed explanations for brain edema are an increase in astrocyte osmolality, generally attributed to glutamine accumulation, and cytotoxic oxidative/nitrosative damage. However, ammonia neurotoxicity is multifactorial, with disturbances also in neurotransmitters, energy production, anaplerosis, cerebral blood flow, potassium, and sodium. Around 90% of hyperammonemic patients have liver disease. Inherited defects are rare. They are being recognized increasingly in adults. Deficiencies of urea cycle enzymes, citrin, and pyruvate carboxylase demonstrate the roles of isolated pathways in ammonia metabolism. Phenylbutyrate is used routinely to treat inherited urea cycle disorders, and its use for hepatic encephalopathy is under investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerie Walker
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, University Hospital Southampton NHS Foundation Trust, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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Diricx M, Sinha AK, Liew HJ, Mauro N, Blust R, De Boeck G. Compensatory responses in common carp (Cyprinus carpio) under ammonia exposure: additional effects of feeding and exercise. Aquat Toxicol 2013; 142-143:123-137. [PMID: 24001429 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2013.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2013] [Revised: 08/08/2013] [Accepted: 08/13/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Ammonia is an environmental pollutant that is toxic to all aquatic animals. The toxic effects of ammonia can be modulated by other physiological processes such as feeding and swimming. In this study, we wanted to examine these modulating effects in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). Fish were either fed (2% body weight) or starved (unfed for seven days prior to the sampling), and swimming at a sustainable, routine swimming speed or swum to exhaustion, while being exposed chronically (up to 28 days) to high environmental ammonia (HEA, 1 mg/L ~58.8 μmol/L as NH4Cl at pH 7.9). Swimming performance (critical swimming speed, Ucrit) and metabolic responses such as oxygen consumption rate (MO2), ammonia excretion rate (Jamm), ammonia quotient, liver and muscle energy budget (glycogen, lipid and protein), plasma ammonia and lactate, as well as plasma ion concentrations (Na(+), Cl(-), K(+) and Ca(2+)) were investigated in order to understand metabolic and iono-regulatory consequences of the experimental conditions. Cortisol plays an important role in stress and in both the regulation of energy and the ion homeostasis; therefore plasma cortisol was measured. Results show that during HEA, Jamm was elevated to a larger extent in fed fish and they were able to excrete much more efficiently than the starved fish. Consequently, the build-up of ammonia in plasma of HEA exposed fed fish was much slower. MO2 increased considerably in fed fish after exposure to HEA and was further intensified during exercise. During exposure to HEA, the level of cortisol in plasma augmented in both the feeding regimes, but the effect of HEA was more pronounced in starved fish. Energy stores dropped for both fed and the starved fish with the progression of the exposure period and further declined when swimming to exhaustion. Overall, fed fish were less affected by HEA than starved fish, and although exercise exacerbated the toxic effect in both feeding treatments, this was more pronounced in starved fish. This suggests that fish become more vulnerable to external ammonia during exercise, and feeding protects the fish against the adverse effects of high ammonia and exercise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Diricx
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Groenenborgerlaan 171, BE-2020 Antwerp, Belgium
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