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Muralidharan C, Conteh AM, Marasco MR, Crowder JJ, Kuipers J, de Boer P, Linnemann AK. Pancreatic beta cell autophagy is impaired in type 1 diabetes. Diabetologia 2021; 64:865-877. [PMID: 33515072 PMCID: PMC7940272 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-021-05387-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Pancreatic beta cells are subjected to exogenous damaging factors such as proinflammatory cytokines or excess glucose that can cause accumulation of damage-inducing reactive oxygen species during the pathogenesis of diabetes. We and others have shown that beta cell autophagy can reduce reactive oxygen species to protect against apoptosis. While impaired islet autophagy has been demonstrated in human type 2 diabetes, it is unknown if islet autophagy is perturbed in the pathogenesis of type 1 diabetes. We hypothesised that beta cell autophagy is dysfunctional in type 1 diabetes, and that there is a progressive loss during early diabetes development. METHODS Pancreases were collected from chloroquine-injected and non-injected non-obese diabetes-resistant (NOR) and non-obese diabetic (NOD) mice. Age- and BMI-matched pancreas tissue sections from human organ donors (N = 34) were obtained from the Network for Pancreatic Organ Donors with Diabetes (nPOD). Tissue sections were stained with antibodies against proinsulin or insulin (beta cell markers), microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3 A/B (LC3A/B; autophagosome marker), lysosomal-associated membrane protein 1 (LAMP1; lysosome marker) and p62 (autophagy adaptor). Images collected on a scanning laser confocal microscope were analysed with CellProfiler and ImageJ. Secondary lysosomes and telolysosomes were assessed in electron micrographs of human pancreatic tissue sections (n = 12), and energy dispersive x-ray analysis was performed to assess distribution of elements (n = 5). RESULTS We observed increased autophagosome numbers in islets of diabetic NOD mice (p = 0.008) and increased p62 in islets of both non-diabetic and diabetic NOD mice (p < 0.001) vs NOR mice. There was also a reduction in LC3-LAMP1 colocalisation in islets of diabetic NOD mice compared with both non-diabetic NOD (p < 0.001) and NOR mice (p < 0.001). Chloroquine elicited accumulation of autophagosomes in the islets of NOR (p = 0.003) and non-diabetic NOD mice (p < 0.001), but not in islets of diabetic NOD mice; and stimulated accumulation of p62 in NOR (p < 0.001), but not in NOD mice. We observed reduced LC3-LAMP1 colocalisation (p < 0.001) in residual beta cells of human donors with type 1 diabetes vs non-diabetic participants. We also observed reduced colocalisation of proinsulin with LAMP1 in donors with type 1 diabetes (p < 0.001). Electron microscopy also revealed accumulation of telolysosomes with nitrogen-dense rings in beta cells of autoantibody-positive donors (p = 0.002). CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION We provide evidence of islet macroautophagy/crinophagy impairment in human type 1 diabetes. We also document accumulation of telolysosomes with peripheral nitrogen in beta cells of autoantibody-positive donors, demonstrating altered lysosome content that may be associated with lysosome dysfunction before clinical hyperglycaemia. Similar macroautophagy impairments are present in the NOD mouse model of type 1 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charanya Muralidharan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Abass M Conteh
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Michelle R Marasco
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Justin J Crowder
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA
| | - Jeroen Kuipers
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Pascal de Boer
- Department of Biomedical Sciences of Cells and Systems, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Amelia K Linnemann
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
- Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Diseases, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, IN, USA.
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von Toerne C, Laimighofer M, Achenbach P, Beyerlein A, de Las Heras Gala T, Krumsiek J, Theis FJ, Ziegler AG, Hauck SM. Peptide serum markers in islet autoantibody-positive children. Diabetologia 2017; 60:287-295. [PMID: 27815605 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-016-4150-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/05/2016] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS We sought to identify minimal sets of serum peptide signatures as markers for islet autoimmunity and predictors of progression rates to clinical type 1 diabetes in a case-control study. METHODS A double cross-validation approach was applied to first prioritise peptides from a shotgun proteomic approach in 45 islet autoantibody-positive and -negative children from the BABYDIAB/BABYDIET birth cohorts. Targeted proteomics for 82 discriminating peptides were then applied to samples from another 140 children from these cohorts. RESULTS A total of 41 peptides (26 proteins) enriched for the functional category lipid metabolism were significantly different between islet autoantibody-positive and autoantibody-negative children. Two peptides (from apolipoprotein M and apolipoprotein C-IV) were sufficient to discriminate autoantibody-positive from autoantibody-negative children. Hepatocyte growth factor activator, complement factor H, ceruloplasmin and age predicted progression time to type 1 diabetes with a significant improvement compared with age alone. CONCLUSION/INTERPRETATION Distinct peptide signatures indicate islet autoimmunity prior to the clinical manifestation of type 1 diabetes and enable refined staging of the presymptomatic disease period.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine von Toerne
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany
| | - Michael Laimighofer
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Peter Achenbach
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Andreas Beyerlein
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany
| | - Tonia de Las Heras Gala
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
- Institute of Epidemiology II, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Jan Krumsiek
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- German Center for Diabetes Research (DZD), Neuherberg, Germany
| | - Fabian J Theis
- Institute of Computational Biology, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Neuherberg, Germany
- Department of Mathematics, Technische Universität München, Garching, Germany
| | - Anette G Ziegler
- Institute of Diabetes Research, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes, Klinikum rechts der Isar, Technische Universität München, Munich, Germany.
- Forschergruppe Diabetes e.V., Neuherberg, Germany.
| | - Stefanie M Hauck
- Research Unit Protein Science, Helmholtz Zentrum München, German Research Center for Environmental Health (GmbH), Ingolstädter Landstraße 1, D-85764, München, Germany.
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