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Martin L, Simpson K, Brzezinski M, Watt J, Xu W. Cellular response of keratinocytes to the entry and accumulation of nanoplastic particles. Part Fibre Toxicol 2024; 21:22. [PMID: 38685063 PMCID: PMC11057139 DOI: 10.1186/s12989-024-00583-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 05/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Plastic accumulation in the environment is rapidly increasing, and nanoplastics (NP), byproducts of environmental weathering of bulk plastic waste, pose a significant public health risk. Particles may enter the human body through many possible routes such as ingestion, inhalation, and skin absorption. However, studies on NP penetration and accumulation in human skin are limited. Loss or reduction of the keratinized skin barrier may enhance the skin penetration of NPs. The present study investigated the entry of NPs into a human skin system modeling skin with compromised barrier functions and cellular responses to the intracellular accumulations of NPs. Two in vitro models were employed to simulate human skin lacking keratinized barriers. The first model was an ex vivo human skin culture with the keratinized dermal layer (stratum corneum) removed. The second model was a 3D keratinocyte/dermal fibroblast cell co-culture model with stratified keratinocytes on the top and a monolayer of skin fibroblast cells co-cultured at the bottom. The penetration and accumulation of the NPs in different cell types were observed using fluorescent microscopy, confocal microscopy, and cryogenic electron microscopy (cryo-EM). The cellular responses of keratinocytes and dermal fibroblast cells to stress induced by NPs stress were measured. The genetic regulatory pathway of keratinocytes to the intracellular NPs was identified using transcript analyses and KEGG pathway analysis. The cellular uptake of NPs by skin cells was confirmed by imaging analyses. Transepidermal transport and penetration of NPs through the skin epidermis were observed. According to the gene expression and pathway analyses, an IL-17 signaling pathway was identified as the trigger for cellular responses to internal NP accumulation in the keratinocytes. The transepidermal NPs were also found in co-cultured dermal fibroblast cells and resulted in a large-scale transition from fibroblast cells to myofibroblast cells with enhanced production of α-smooth muscle actin and pro-Collagen Ia. The upregulation of inflammatory factors and cell activation may result in skin inflammation and ultimately trigger immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leisha Martin
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Kayla Simpson
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - Molly Brzezinski
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA
| | - John Watt
- Center for Integrated Nanotechnologies, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Albuquerque, NM, USA
| | - Wei Xu
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Science, Texas A&M University - Corpus Christi, 6300 Ocean Dr, 78412, Corpus Christi, TX, USA.
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Bramwell LR, Harries LW. Senescence, regulators of alternative splicing and effects of trametinib treatment in progeroid syndromes. GeroScience 2024; 46:1861-1879. [PMID: 37751047 PMCID: PMC10828446 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00933-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 09/04/2023] [Indexed: 09/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Progeroid syndromes such as Hutchinson Gilford Progeroid syndrome (HGPS), Werner syndrome (WS) and Cockayne syndrome (CS), result in severely reduced lifespans and premature ageing. Normal senescent cells show splicing factor dysregulation, which has not yet been investigated in syndromic senescent cells. We sought to investigate the senescence characteristics and splicing factor expression profiles of progeroid dermal fibroblasts. Natural cellular senescence can be reversed by application of the senomorphic drug, trametinib, so we also investigated its ability to reverse senescence characteristics in syndromic cells. We found that progeroid cultures had a higher senescence burden, but did not always have differences in levels of proliferation, DNA damage repair and apoptosis. Splicing factor gene expression appeared dysregulated across the three syndromes. 10 µM trametinib reduced senescent cell load and affected other aspects of the senescence phenotype (including splicing factor expression) in HGPS and Cockayne syndromes. Werner syndrome cells did not demonstrate changes in in senescence following treatment. Splicing factor dysregulation in progeroid cells provides further evidence to support this mechanism as a hallmark of cellular ageing and highlights the use of progeroid syndrome cells in the research of ageing and age-related disease. This study suggests that senomorphic drugs such as trametinib could be a useful adjunct to therapy for progeroid diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura R Bramwell
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Medical School), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Lorna W Harries
- RNA-Mediated Mechanisms of Disease Group, Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences (Medical School), Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Li S, Wang Y, Chen Y, Zhang H, Shen K, Guan H. PTEN hinders the formation of scars by regulating the levels of proteins in the extracellular matrix and promoting the apoptosis of dermal fibroblasts through Bcl-xL. Arch Biochem Biophys 2024; 753:109912. [PMID: 38325773 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2024.109912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 01/19/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024]
Abstract
Hypertrophic scar (HS) is a dermatological condition characterized by an excessive accumulation of proteins in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and an elevated cell count. The development of HS is thought to be linked to the disruption of dermal fibroblast proliferation and apoptosis. The processes of cell proliferation and apoptosis are notably influenced by PTEN. However, the precise mechanisms by which PTEN regulates hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) and its overall role in scar formation are still not fully understood. The objective of this study was to investigate the influence of PTEN on hypertrophic scars(HS) and its function in the regulation of scar formation, with the aim of identifying a pivotal molecular target for scar treatment. Our results demonstrate that the overexpression of PTEN (AdPTEN) significantly suppressed the expression of type I collagen (Col I), type III collagen (Col III), and alpha smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) in HSFs. Furthermore, it was observed that the introduction of AdPTEN resulted in the suppression of Bcl-xL expression, which consequently led to an increase in the apoptosis of HSFs. Similarly, in the inhibition of collagens expression and subsequent increase in HSF apoptosis were also observed upon silencing Bcl-xL (sibcl-xL). Additionally, the in vitro model demonstrated that both AdPTEN and sibcl-xL were effective in reducing the contraction of FPCL. The findings of our study provide validation for the role of PTEN in inhibiting the development of hypertrophic scars (HS) by modulating the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins and promoting apoptosis in hypertrophic scar fibroblasts (HSFs) via Bcl-xL. These results indicate that PTEN and Bcl-xL may hold promise as potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions aimed at managing hypertrophic scars.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaohui Li
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yunwei Wang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Yang Chen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Zhang
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Kuo Shen
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China
| | - Hao Guan
- Department of Burns and Cutaneous Surgery, Xijing Hospital, Air Force Medical University, 127 West Chang-le Road, Xi'an, 710032, China.
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Wang M, Huang X, Ouyang M, Lan J, Huang J, Li H, Lai W, Gao Y, Xu Q. A20 ameliorates advanced glycation end products-induced melanogenesis by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human dermal fibroblasts. J Dermatol Sci 2023; 112:71-82. [PMID: 37741724 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2023.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced glycation end products (AGEs) promote melanogenesis through activating NLRP3 inflammasome in fibroblasts. Although A20 has been highlighted to inhibit NLRP3 inflammasome activation, its roles and mechanisms remain elusive in photoaging-associated pigmentation. OBJECTIVES To determine the significance of fibroblast A20 in AGEs-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pigmentation. METHODS The correlation between A20 and AGEs or melanin was studied in sun-exposed skin and lesions of melasma and solar lentigo. We then investigated A20 level in AGEs-treated fibroblast and the effect of fibroblast A20 overexpression or knockdown on AGEs-BSA-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pigmentation, respectively. Finally, the severity of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and pigmentation was evaluated after mice were injected intradermally with A20-overexpression adeno-associated virus and AGEs-BSA. RESULTS Dermal A20 expression was decreased and exhibited negative correlation with either dermal AGEs deposition or epidermal melanin level in sun-exposed skin and pigmentary lesions. Moreover, both AGEs-BSA and AGEs-collagen robustly decreased A20 expression via binding to RAGE in fibroblasts. Further, A20 overexpression or depletion significantly decreased or augmented AGEs-BSA-induced activation of NF-κB pathway and NLRP3 inflammasome and IL-18 production and secretion in fibroblasts, respectively. Importantly, fibroblast A20 potently repressed AGEs-BSA-stimulated melanin content,tyrosinase activity,and expression of microphthalmia-associated transcription factor and tyrosinase in melanocytes. Particularly, fibroblast A20 significantly abrogated AGEs-BSA-promoted melanogenesis in ex vivo skin and mouse models. Additionally, fibroblast A20 inhibited AGEs-BSA-activated MAPKs in melanocytes and the epidermis of ex vivo skin. CONCLUSIONS Fibroblast A20 suppresses AGEs-stimulate melanogenesis in photoaging-associated hyperpigmentation disorders by inhibiting NLRP3 inflammasome activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mengyao Wang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Xianyin Huang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Mengting Ouyang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingjing Lan
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Jingqian Huang
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hongpeng Li
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Wei Lai
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Yifeng Gao
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
| | - Qingfang Xu
- Department of Dermato-Venereology, Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, PR China.
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Shen XR, Zhang HL, Zhao XB, Wang YG, Tan XY, Gao L, Sun R, Liao XH. A Cre knockin mouse reveals specific expression of Agouti gene in mesenchymal lineage cells in multiple organs and provides a unique tool for conditional gene targeting. Transgenic Res 2023; 32:143-152. [PMID: 36637628 DOI: 10.1007/s11248-023-00334-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The mouse Agouti gene encodes a paracrine signaling factor which promotes melanocytes to produce yellow instead of black pigment. It has been reported that Agouti mRNA is confined to the dermal papilla after birth in various mammalian species. In this study, we created and characterized a knockin mouse strain in which Cre recombinase was expressed in-frame with endogenous Agouti coding sequence. The Agouti-Cre mice were bred with reporter mice (Rosa26-tdTomato or Rosa26-ZsGreen) to trace the lineage of Agouti-expressing cells during development. In skin, the reporter was detected in some dermal fibroblasts at the embryonic stage and in all dermal fibroblasts postnatally. It was also expressed in all mesenchymal lineage cells in other organs/tissues, including eyes, tongue, muscle, intestine, adipose, prostate and testis. Interestingly, the reporter expression was excluded from epithelial cells in the above organs/tissues. In brain, the reporter was observed in the outermost meningeal fibroblasts. Our work helps to illustrate the Agouti expression pattern during development and provides a valuable mouse strain for conditional gene targeting in mesenchymal lineage cells in multiple organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing-Ru Shen
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - He-Li Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xu-Bo Zhao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Yang-Ge Wang
- School of Medicine, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Xiao-Yang Tan
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Lipeng Gao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China
| | - Ruilin Sun
- Shanghai Model Organisms Center, Inc., Shanghai, 201318, China.
| | - Xin-Hua Liao
- School of Life Sciences, Shanghai University, Shanghai, 200444, China.
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Jin L, Gao W, Chen P, Zhao W, Zhao Y, Li D, Zhou J, Yu B, Dong G. Murine neonatal dermal fibroblast acquires a lymphoid tissue organizer cell-like activity upon synergistic activation of TNF-α receptor and LTβ receptor. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Res 2023; 1870:119399. [PMID: 36402207 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2022.119399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Tertiary lymphoid organs (TLOs) are ectopic aggregates of immune cells. As accumulating studies demonstrate TLOs as a predictor of better prognosis in certain cancers, targeting TLO formation, which is tightly regulated by the lymphoid tissue organizer cells (LTOs), has become intriguing in cancer treatment. However, the clinical outcome of these attempts is limited, because the approaches for activating tumor adjacent LTO is lack and little is known about what type of self-cell can be used as LTO to initiate TLO formation. Here we demonstrate that co-stimulation with membrane-bound ligand LTα1β2 and soluble TNF-α could induced an LTO-like activity in murine neonatal dermal fibroblast, featured by high expression of cell migration-associated chemokines and adhesion molecules that resemble typical LTO gene signature. Furthermore, the LTO-phenotypic dermal fibroblast could enhance the attachment and survival of T and B cell and proliferation of T cell. These findings suggest dermal fibroblast as a promising target for TLO induction to improve cancer immunotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lujia Jin
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxing Gao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Chen
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Wen Zhao
- School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yingjie Zhao
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the Eighth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Dingchang Li
- Medical School of Chinese PLA, Beijing, China; Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Biyue Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Hebei University, Baoding, Hebei Province, China
| | - Guanglong Dong
- Department & Institute of General Surgery, the First Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China.
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Loo YC, Hu HC, Yu SY, Tsai YH, Korinek M, Wu YC, Chang FR, Chen YJ. Development on potential skin anti-aging agents of Cosmos caudatus Kunth via inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities. Phytomedicine 2023; 110:154643. [PMID: 36623444 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.154643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skin aging is associated with degradation of collagen by matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), which leads to loss of skin elasticity and formation of wrinkles. Cosmos caudatus Kunth (CC) has been traditionally claimed as an anti-aging agent in Malaysia. Despite its well-known antioxidant activity, the anti-aging properties of CC was not validated. PURPOSE This study aimed to investigate the anti-aging potential of CC extracts and fractions, particularly their inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities in human dermal fibroblasts CCD-966SK, followed by isolation, identification and analysis of their bioactive constituents. STUDY DESIGN AND METHODS DPPH assay was firstly used to evaluate the antioxidant activity throughout the bioactivity-guided fractionation. Cell viability was determined using MTS assay. Collagenase activity was examined, while MMP-1 and MMP-3 expression were measured using qRT-PCR and western blotting. Then, chemical identification of pure compounds isolated from CC fractions was done by using ESIMS, 1H and 13C NMR spectroscopies. HPLC analyses were carried out for bioactive fractions to quantify the major components. RESULTS Throughout the antioxidant activity-guided fractionation, fractions CC-E2 and CC-E3 with antioxidant activity and no toxicity towards CCD-966SK cells were obtained from CC 75% ethanol partitioned layer (CC-E). Both fractions inhibited collagenase activity, MMP-1 and MMP-3 mRNA and protein expression, as well as NF-κB activation induced by TNF-α in CCD-966SK cells. 14 compounds, which mainly consists of flavonoids and their glycosides, were isolated. Quercitrin (14.79% w/w) and quercetin (11.20% w/w) were major compounds in CC-E2 and CC-E3, respectively, as quantified by HPLC. Interestingly, both fractions also inhibited the MMP-3 protein expression synergistically, compared with treatment alone. CONCLUSION The quantified CC fractions rich in flavonoid glycosides exhibited skin anti-aging effects via the inhibition of collagenase, MMP-1 and MMP-3 activities, probably through NF-κB pathway. This is the first study reported on MMP-1 and MMP-3 inhibitory activity of CC with its chemical profile, which revealed its potential to be developed as anti-aging products in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yen Chi Loo
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Hao-Chun Hu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Szu-Yin Yu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Institute of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Yi-Hong Tsai
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Pharmacy and Master Program, College of Pharmacy and Health Care, Tajen University, Pingtung County 90741, Taiwan
| | - Michal Korinek
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan
| | - Yang-Chang Wu
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Graduate Institute of Integrated Medicine, College of Chinese Medicine, China Medical University, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Chinese Medicine Research and Development Center, China Medical University Hospital, Taichung 404, Taiwan; Department of Medical Laboratory Science and Biotechnology, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University, Taichung 404, Taiwan.
| | - Fang-Rong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Natural Products, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan; Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan.
| | - Ying-Jung Chen
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Drug Development and Value Creation Research Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 807, Taiwan.
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Colitti M, Stefanon B, Sandri M, Licastro D. Incubation of canine dermal fibroblasts with serum from dogs with atopic dermatitis activates extracellular matrix signalling and represses oxidative phosphorylation. Vet Res Commun 2023; 47:247-258. [PMID: 35665445 PMCID: PMC9873773 DOI: 10.1007/s11259-022-09947-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects on gene expression in canine fibroblasts after incubation with a medium enriched with atopic dermatitis canine serum (CAD) compared with healthy canine serum (CTRL) and fetal bovine serum (FBS). Differential Expression and Pathway analysis (iDEP94) in R package (v0.92) was used to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) with a False Discovery Rate of 0.01. DEGs from fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum were significantly upregulated and enriched in the extracellular matrix (ECM) and focal adhesion signalling but downregulated in the oxidative phosphorylation pathway. Genes involved in profibrotic processes, such as TGFB1, INHBA, ERK1/2, and the downward regulated genes (collagens and integrins), were significantly upregulated after fibroblasts were exposed to CAD serum. The observed downregulation of genes involved in oxidative phosphorylation suggests metabolic dysregulation toward a myofibroblast phenotype responsible for fibrosis. No differences were found when comparing CTRL with FBS. The DEGs identified in fibroblasts incubated with CAD serum suggest activation of signalling pathways involved in gradual differentiation through a myofibroblast precursors that represent the onset of fibrosis. Molecular and metabolic knowledge of fibroblast changes can be used to identify biomarkers of the disease and new potential pharmacological targets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monica Colitti
- Departement of AgroFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
| | - Bruno Stefanon
- Departement of AgroFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy.
| | - Misa Sandri
- Departement of AgroFood, Environmental and Animal Science, University of Udine, via delle Scienze 206, 33100, Udine, Italy
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9
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Lee WR, Huang TH, Hu S, Alalaiwe A, Wang PW, Lo PC, Fang JY, Yang SC. Laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery to promote skin absorption and penetration depth of retinoic acid with the aim for treating photoaging. Int J Pharm 2022; 627:122162. [PMID: 36122617 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122162] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Revised: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Retinoic acid (RA) is an approved treatment for skin photoaging induced by ultraviolet (UVA). Topically applied RA is mainly located in the stratum corneum (SC) with limited diffusion into the deeper strata. A delivery system capable of facilitating dermal delivery and cellular internalization for RA is critical for a successful photoaging therapy. Two delivery approaches, namely nanoparticles and laser ablation, were combined to improve RA's absorption efficacy and safety. The nanoparticle absorption enhancement by the lasers was compared between full-ablative (Er:YAG) and fractional (CO2) modalities. We fabricated poly-L-lactic acid (PLA) and PLA/poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanoparticles by an emulsion-solvent evaporation technique. The mean size of PLA and PLA/PLGA nanocarriers was 237 and 222 nm, respectively. The RA encapsulation percentage in both nanosystems was > 96 %. PLA and PLA/PLGA nanocarriers promoted RA skin deposition by 5- and 3-fold compared to free control. The ablative lasers further enhanced the skin deposition of RA-loaded nanoparticles, with the full-ablative laser showing greater permeation enhancement than the fractional mode. The skin biodistribution assay evaluated by confocal and fluorescence microscopies demonstrated that the laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery achieved a significant dermis and follicular accumulation. The cell-based study indicated a facile uptake of the nanoparticles into the human dermal fibroblasts. The nanoparticulate RA increased type I collagen and elastin production in the UVA-treated fibroblasts. A reduction of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-1 was also highlighted in the photoaging cells. The calculation of therapeutic index (TI) by multiplying collagen/elastin elevation percentage and skin deposition predicted better anti-photoaging performance in Er:YAG laser-assisted nanoparticle delivery than CO2 laser. Nanoencapsulation of RA decreased the cytotoxicity against skin fibroblasts. In vivo skin tolerance test on a nude mouse showed less skin damage after topical application of the nanoparticles than free RA. Our results hypothesized that the laser-mediated nanoparticle delivery provided an efficient and safe use for treating photoaging.
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10
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Madelaire CB, Klink AC, Israelsen WJ, Hindle AG. Fibroblasts as an experimental model system for the study of comparative physiology. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2022; 260:110735. [PMID: 35321853 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2022.110735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Mechanistic evaluations of processes that underlie organism-level physiology often require reductionist approaches. Dermal fibroblasts offer one such approach. These cells are easily obtained from minimally invasive skin biopsy, making them appropriate for the study of protected and/or logistically challenging species. Cell culture approaches permit extensive and fine-scale sampling regimes as well as gene manipulation techniques that are not feasible in vivo. Fibroblast isolation and culture protocols are outlined here for primary cells, and the benefits and drawbacks of immortalization are discussed. We show examples of physiological metrics that can be used to characterize primary cells (oxygen consumption, translation, proliferation) and readouts that can be informative in understanding cell-level responses to environmental stress (lactate production, heat shock protein induction). Importantly, fibroblasts may display fidelity to whole animal physiological phenotypes, facilitating their study. Fibroblasts from Antarctic Weddell seals show greater resilience to low temperatures and hypoxia exposure than fibroblasts from humans or rats. Fibroblast oxygen consumption rates are not affected by temperature stress in the heat-tolerant camel, whereas similar temperature exposures depress mitochondrial metabolism in fibroblasts from rhinoceros. Finally, dermal fibroblasts from a hibernator, the meadow jumping mouse, better resist experimental cooling than a fibroblast line from the laboratory mouse, with the hibernator demonstrating a greater maintenance of homeostatic processes such as protein translation. These results exemplify the parallels that can be drawn between fibroblast physiology and expectations in vivo, and provide evidence for the power of fibroblasts as a model system to understand comparative physiology and biomedicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla B Madelaire
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - Amy C Klink
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA
| | - William J Israelsen
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA; Skroot Laboratory, Inc., Ames, IA, USA
| | - Allyson G Hindle
- School of Life Sciences, University of Nevada Las Vegas, Las Vegas, NV, USA.
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Zheng M, Oh SH, Choi N, Choi YJ, Kim J, Sung JH. CXCL12 inhibits hair growth through CXCR4. Biomed Pharmacother 2022; 150:112996. [PMID: 35462338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.112996] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 04/12/2022] [Accepted: 04/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
CXCL12 and its receptors, which are highly expressed in the skin, are associated with various cutaneous diseases, including androgenic alopecia. However, their expression and role during the hair cycle are unknown. This study aims to investigate the expression of CXCL12 and its receptor, CXCR4, in the vicinity of hair follicles and their effect on hair growth. CXCL12 was highly expressed in dermal fibroblasts (DFs) and its level was elevated throughout the catagen and telogen phases of the hair cycle. CXCR4 is expressed in the dermal papilla (DP) and outer root sheath (ORS). In hair organ culture, hair loss was induced by recombinant CXCL12 therapy, which delayed the telogen-to-anagen transition and decreased hair length. In contrast, the suppression of CXCL12 using a neutralizing antibody and siRNA triggered the telogen-to-anagen transition and increased hair length in hair organ culture. Neutralization of CXCR7, one of the two receptors for CXCL12, only slightly affected hair growth. However, inhibition of CXCR4, the other receptor for CXCL12, increased hair growth to a considerable extent. In addition, in hair organ culture, the conditioned medium from DFs with CXCL12 siRNA considerably increased the hair length and induced proliferation of DP and ORS cells. CXCL12, through CXCR4 activation, increased STAT3 and STAT5 phosphorylation in DP and ORS cells. In contrast, blocking CXCL12 and CXCR4 decreased the phosphorylation of STAT3 and STAT5. In summary, these findings suggest that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via the CXCR4/STAT signaling pathway and that CXCL12/CXCR4 pathway inhibitors are a promising treatment option for hair growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mei Zheng
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | - Sang Ho Oh
- Department of Dermatology and Cutaneous Biology Research Institute, Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, South Korea
| | - Nahyun Choi
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea
| | | | - Jino Kim
- New Hair Institute, Seoul 06134, South Korea
| | - Jong-Hyuk Sung
- Epi Biotech Co., Ltd., Incheon 21983, South Korea; College of Pharmacy, Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Yonsei University, Incheon 21983, South Korea.
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12
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Rai D, Iwanami M, Takahashi Y, Komuta Y, Aoi N, Umezawa A, Seko Y. Evaluation of photoreceptor-directed fibroblasts derived from retinitis pigmentosa patients with defects in the EYS gene: a possible cost-effective cellular model for mechanism-oriented drug. Stem Cell Res Ther 2022; 13:157. [PMID: 35410372 PMCID: PMC8996485 DOI: 10.1186/s13287-022-02827-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The most common gene responsible for autosomal recessive retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is EYS. The manner of decay of genetically defective EYS gene transcripts varies depending on the type of mutation using our cellular model, which consists of induced photoreceptor-directed fibroblasts from EYS-RP patients (EYS-RP cells). However, disease-specific profiles have not been clarified in EYS-RP cells. Herein we investigated comprehensive gene expression patterns and restoration of altered expression by low molecular weight molecules in EYS-RP cells.
Methods Using induced photoreceptor-like cells by CRX, RAX, NeuroD, and OTX2, we employed qRT-PCR and DNA microarray analysis to compare expression levels of disease-related genes in EYS-RP cells. We investigated the effect of antiapoptotic or anti-endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress/antioxidant reagents on the restoration of altered gene expression. Results Expression levels of phototransduction-related genes (blue opsin, rhodopsin, S-antigen, GNAT1, GNAT2) were lower in EYS-RP cells. CRYGD was extracted by global gene expression analysis, as a downregulated, retina-related and apoptosis-, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress- or aging-related gene. Pathway enrichment analysis suggested that “complement and coagulation cascades,” “ECM-receptor interaction” and “PI3K-Akt signaling pathway” could be involved in EYS-RP-associated pathogenesis. Among the matching/overlapping genes involved in those pathways, F2R was suggested as an EYS-RP-associated gene. The downregulation of CRYGD and F2R was completely restored by additional 4-PBA, an inhibitor of ER stress, and partially restored by metformin or NAC. In addition, 4-PBA normalized the expression level of cleaved caspase-3. Conclusions Our cellular model may reflect the ER stress-mediated degenerative retina and serve as a pathogenesis-oriented cost-effective rescue strategy for RP patients. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13287-022-02827-x.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dilip Rai
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan
| | - Masaki Iwanami
- Department of Ophthalmology, Hospital, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.,Iwanami Eye Clinic, 7-1-3, Tsuchihashi, Miyamae-ku Kawasaki, Tokyo, 216-0005, Japan
| | - Yoriko Takahashi
- Bioscience and Healthcare Engineering Division, Mitsui Knowledge Industry Co., Ltd., 2-7-14 Higashi-Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo, 164-8555, Japan
| | - Yukari Komuta
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.,Division of Bioinformation and Therapeutic Systems, National Defense Medical College, 3 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-0042, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Aoi
- Department of Plastic, Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Teikyo University School of Medicine, 2-11-1 Kaga, Itabashi, Tokyo, 173-8605, Japan.,Miyamasuzaka Clinic, SK Aoyama Bldg. 5F, 1-6-5 Shibuya, Tokyo, 150-0002, Japan
| | - Akihiro Umezawa
- National Center for Child Health and Development, Research Institute, 2-10-1 Okura, Setagaya, 157-8535, Japan
| | - Yuko Seko
- Sensory Functions Section, Research Institute, National Rehabilitation Center for Persons With Disabilities, 4-1 Namiki, Tokorozawa, 359-8555, Japan.
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13
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Zuo Y, Yi L, Lu S. Dermal fibroblast from superficial layers of pig skin exhibits more proliferative capacity than that from deep layers. J Tissue Viability 2021; 31:278-285. [PMID: 34895969 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtv.2021.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To further examine the feasibility of using pigs as an animal model for the study of dermal fibroblast heterogeneity and to explore the proliferative capacity of dermal fibroblasts from different layers of pig skin in vitro and in vivo. MATERIAL AND METHODS Cultured superficial and deep dermal fibroblasts were subjected to cell growth assay, cell cycle analysis, immunocytochemical staining and western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigens. Moreover, skin samples autografted with superficial/deep dermal fibroblasts were subjected to immunohistochemical staining and western blotting for proliferating cell nuclear antigen. RESULTS The cell growth assay showed that the growth curve of the superficial dermal fibroblast was progressively higher than that of the deep layer. The cell cycle analysis showed that the (G2+S) percentage of the superficial dermal fibroblasts was significantly higher than that of the deep layer fibroblasts. The immunocytochemical staining and western blotting showed that the expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the cultured superficial dermal fibroblast was significantly higher than that of the deep layer cells. The immunohistochemical staining showed that the positive rate of proliferating cell nuclear antigen in the skin samples autografted with the superficial dermal fibroblast was significantly higher than that of the deep layer. CONCLUSIONS This study has demonstrated that similar to human dermal fibroblasts, dermal fibroblasts from different layers of pig skin exhibit distinct proliferative capacity, which increases the feasibility of using pigs as an animal model for future studies on the heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhai Zuo
- Department of Orthopedics, SiJing Hospital of SongJiang District, Shanghai, China; Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Lei Yi
- Department of Burn, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Shuliang Lu
- Wound Healing Center, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China.
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14
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Sezgin B, Tatar S, Karahuseyinoglu S, Sahin GN, Ergun Y, Meric G, Ersoy K. The effects of oral mucosa-derived heterotopic fibroblasts on cutaneous wound healing. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2021; 74:2751-2758. [PMID: 33935009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2021.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An intriguing observation that has recently found support through clinical and experimental studies is that wounds of the oral mucosa tend to display faster healing and result in less scarring than in the skin. We aimed to investigate the potential of heterotopic oral mucosal fibroblasts in cutaneous wounds while determining the main differences between wounds conditioned with either the oral mucosa or dermis-derived human fibroblasts. A total of 48 nude mice were divided into four groups: control, sham, dermal fibroblast (DF), and oral fibroblast (OF). Fibroblasts were isolated, cultured, and seeded onto fibrin scaffolds for transfer to full-thickness dorsal wounds. Cell viability, wound area, healing rate, vascularization, cellular proliferation, dermal thickness, collagen architecture, and subtypes were evaluated. Both cell groups had a viability of 95% in fibrin gel prior to transfer. None of the wounds fully epithelialized on day 10, while all were epithelialized by day 21, which resulted in scars of different sizes and quality. Healing rate and scars were similar between the control and sham groups, whereas fastest healing and least scarring were noted in the OF group. Dermal thickness was highest in the DF group, which was also supported by highest levels of collagen types I and III. Proliferative cells and vascular density were highest in the OF group. DF result in healing through a thick dermal component, while oral fibroblasts result in faster healing and less scarring through potentially privileged angiogenic and regenerative gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Billur Sezgin
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey.
| | - Sedat Tatar
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Gizem Nur Sahin
- Koc University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Reproductive Medicine/Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Yagmur Ergun
- Koc University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Department of Reproductive Medicine/Biology, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gizem Meric
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Kaan Ersoy
- Koc University School of Medicine, Department of Plastic, Reconstructive and Aesthetic Surgery, Istanbul, Turkey
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15
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Schmuck EG, Roy S, Dhillon A, Walker S, Spinali K, Colevas S, Zhou T, Chhabra G, Liu Y, Kader Sagar MA, Childs CJ, Kink JA, Eliceiri KW, Hematti P, Raval AN. Cultured cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts express Sushi Containing Domain 2 and assemble a unique fibronectin rich matrix. Exp Cell Res 2021; 399:112489. [PMID: 33453237 DOI: 10.1016/j.yexcr.2021.112489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac fibroblasts and myofibroblasts assemble and maintain extracellular matrix during normal development and following injury. Culture expansion of these cells yield a bioengineered matrix that could lead to intriguing therapeutic opportunities. For example, we reported that cultured rat cardiac fibroblasts form a matrix that can be used to delivery therapeutic stem cells. Furthermore, we reported that matrix derived from cultured human cardiac fibroblasts/myofibroblasts converted monocytes into macrophages that express interesting anti-inflammatory and pro-angiogenic properties. Expanding these matrix investigations require characterization of the source cells for quality control. In these efforts, we observed and herein report that Sushi Containing Domain 2 (SUSD2) is a novel and consistent marker for cultured human cardiac fibroblast and myofibroblasts.
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16
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Abstract
The establishment of primary cells from fresh tissue is a widely used method for investigating human tissue in vitro. The skin harbors different cell populations in the dermis and the hair follicle, which can be isolated for downstream analysis. Here we describe the isolation of four dermal fibroblast populations from human haired skin and their maintenance in culture. The four cell populations for which isolation is described are papillary dermal fibroblast cells, reticular dermal fibroblast cells, hair follicle dermal sheath cells, and hair follicle dermal papilla cells.
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17
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Kim MS, Park HJ, Kim SJ, Park JE, Yun JI, Lim HW, Lee ST. Recombinant FNIII9-10-derived extracellular signaling effects on the physiology of dermal fibroblasts during in vitro culture. Tissue Cell 2019; 63:101323. [PMID: 32223958 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2019.101323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2019] [Revised: 11/24/2019] [Accepted: 12/03/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Previous reports showed that fibronectin (FN) was effective in stimulating the recovery of damaged dermis. However, native FN has multifunctional domains transmitting beneficial as well as unbeneficial signals to dermal tissue cells through the mediation of integrin heterodimers. The use of a functional domain [FN type III9-10 fragments (FNIII9-10)] providing beneficial effects on the physiology of dermal tissue cells would enhance an in vitro culture system for dermal fibroblasts (DFs). We therefore investigated the FNIII9-10-derived extracellular signaling effect on the physiology of DFs during in vitro culture. Recombinant FNIII9-10 proteins were constructed and their functionality was determined by observing the adhesion of adult human DFs (aHDFs) to recombinant FNIII9-10 and of low adhesion integrin α5β1- and αvβ3-blocked aHDFs to recombinant FNIII9-10. Cellular proliferation, morphology, and senescence were measured and compared in the aHDFs cultured on native FN and recombinant FNIII9-10 for short or long periods. The results show that recombinant FNIII9-10-derived extracellular signaling stimulated increased proliferation of aHDF (both in short- and long-term cultures) and inhibited the generation of morphological abnormalities (in short- and long-term cultures) and cellular senescence (long-term culture) when compared with native FN-derived extracellular signaling. Our results suggest that, instead of native FN, recombinant FNIII9-10 better enhanced the in vitro culture of aHDFs while diminishing the adverse effects associated with the use of human-derived materials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Seong Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Jin Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Seong Jae Kim
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Ji Eun Park
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung Im Yun
- Division of Animal Resource Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Won Lim
- Shebah Biotech Inc., Chuncheon, 24398, Republic of Korea
| | - Seung Tae Lee
- Department of Animal Life Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea; Department of Applied Animal Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon, 24341, Republic of Korea.
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18
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Currie JD, Grosser L, Murawala P, Schuez M, Michel M, Tanaka EM, Sandoval-Guzmán T. The Prrx1 limb enhancer marks an adult subpopulation of injury-responsive dermal fibroblasts. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio.043711. [PMID: 31278164 PMCID: PMC6679413 DOI: 10.1242/bio.043711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The heterogeneous properties of dermal cell populations have been posited to contribute toward fibrotic, imperfect wound healing in mammals. Here we characterize an adult population of dermal fibroblasts that maintain an active Prrx1 enhancer which originally marked mesenchymal limb progenitors. In contrast to their abundance in limb development, postnatal Prrx1 enhancer-positive cells (Prrx1enh+) make up a small subset of adult dermal cells (∼0.2%) and reside mainly within dermal perivascular and hair follicle niches. Lineage tracing of adult Prrx1enh+ cells shows that they remain in their niches and in small numbers over a long period of time. Upon injury however, Prrx1enh+ cells readily migrate into the wound bed and amplify, on average, 16-fold beyond their uninjured numbers. Additionally, following wounding dermal Prrx1enh+ cells are found out of their dermal niches and contribute to subcutaneous tissue. Postnatal Prrx1enh+ cells are uniquely injury-responsive despite being a meager minority in the adult skin. Summary: Dermal Prrx1-enhancer cells are injury-responsive fibroblasts. Prrx1enh+ cells readily migrate into the wound bed and amplify on average 16-fold beyond their uninjured numbers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joshua D Currie
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany .,Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, 25 Harbord Street, M5S 3G5 Toronto, Canada
| | - Lidia Grosser
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Research Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Prayag Murawala
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Research Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maritta Schuez
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Martin Michel
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
| | - Elly M Tanaka
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany.,Research Institute for Molecular Pathology (IMP), Vienna Biocenter (VBC), Campus-Vienna-Biocenter 1, 1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana Sandoval-Guzmán
- CRTD-Center for Regenerative Therapies Dresden, Technische Universität Dresden, Fetscherstrasse 105, 01307 Dresden, Germany
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19
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Abstract
Growth factors and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins are involved in wound healing. Human dermal fibroblasts secrete wound-healing mediators in culture medium known as dermal fibroblast conditioned medium (DFCM). However, the composition and concentration of the secreted proteins differ with culture conditions and environmental factors. We cultured human skin fibroblasts in vitro using serum-free keratinocyte-specific media (EpiLife™ Medium [KM1] and defined keratinocyte serum-free medium [KM2]) and serum-free fibroblast-specific medium (FM) to obtain DFCM-KM1, DFCM-KM2 and DFCM-FM, respectively. We identified and compared their proteomic profiles using bicinchoninic acid assay (BCA), 1-dimensional sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (1D SDS-PAGE), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), matrix-assisted laser desorption ionisation-time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF/TOF MS/MS) and liquid chromatography MS (LC-MS/MS). DFCM-KM1 and DFCM-KM2 had higher protein concentrations than DFCM-FM but not statistically significant. MALDI-TOF/TOF MS identified the presence of fibronectin, serotransferrin, serpin and serum albumin. LC-MS/MS and bioinformatics analysis identified 59, 46 and 58 secreted proteins in DFCM-KM1, DFCM-KM2 and DFCM-FM, respectively. The most significant biological processes identified in gene ontology were cellular process, metabolic process, growth and biological regulation. STRING® analysis showed that most secretory proteins in the DFCMs were associated with biological processes (e.g. wound healing and ECM organisation), molecular function (e.g. ECM binding) and cellular component (e.g. extracellular space). ELISA confirmed the presence of fibronectin and collagen in the DFCMs. In conclusion, DFCM secretory proteins are involved in cell adhesion, attachment, proliferation and migration, which were demonstrated to have potential wound-healing effects by in vitro and in vivo studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manira Maarof
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaccob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Yogeswaran Lokanathan
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaccob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Hj Idrus Ruszymah
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Jalan Yaccob Latiff, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Aminuddin Saim
- Ear Nose & Throat Consultant Clinic, Ampang Puteri Specialist Hospital, 1 Jalan Mamanda 9, 68000, Ampang, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiplu Roy Chowdhury
- Tissue Engineering Centre, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Jalan Yaccob Latiff, Bandar Tun Razak, Cheras, 56000, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
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20
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Stewart DC, Serrano PN, Rubiano A, Yokosawa R, Sandler J, Mukhtar M, Brant JO, Maden M, Simmons CS. Unique behavior of dermal cells from regenerative mammal, the African Spiny Mouse, in response to substrate stiffness. J Biomech 2018; 81:149-154. [PMID: 30361050 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiomech.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/09/2018] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The African Spiny Mouse (Acomys spp.) is a unique outbred mammal capable of full, scar-free skin regeneration. In vivo, we have observed rapid reepithelialization and deposition of normal dermis in Acomys after wounding. Acomys skin also has a lower modulus and lower elastic energy storage than normal lab mice, Mus musculus. To see if the different in vivo mechanical microenvironments retained an effect on dermal cells and contributed to regenerative behavior, we examined isolated keratinocytes in response to physical wounding and fibroblasts in response to varying substrate stiffness. Classic mechanobiology paradigms suggest stiffer substrates will promote myofibroblast activation, but we do not see this in Acomys dermal fibroblasts (DFs). Though Mus DFs increase organization of α-smooth muscle actin (αSMA)-positive stress fibers as substrate stiffness increases, Acomys DFs assemble very few αSMA-positive stress fibers upon changes in substrate stiffness. Acomys DFs generate lower traction forces than Mus DFs on pliable surfaces, and Acomys DFs produce and modify matrix proteins differently than Mus in 2D and 3D culture systems. In contrast to Acomys DFs "relaxed" behavior, we found that freshly isolated Acomys keratinocytes retain the ability to close wounds faster than Mus in an in vitro scratch assay. Taken together, these preliminary observations suggest that Acomys dermal cells retain unique biophysical properties in vitro that may reflect their altered in vivo mechanical microenvironment and may promote scar-free wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel C Stewart
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA
| | - P Nicole Serrano
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Andrés Rubiano
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA
| | - Ryosuke Yokosawa
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA
| | - Justin Sandler
- Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA
| | - Marah Mukhtar
- Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA
| | - Jason O Brant
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Malcolm Maden
- Department of Biology, College of Liberal Arts and Sciences, University of Florida, PO Box 118525, Gainesville, FL 32611-8525, USA
| | - Chelsey S Simmons
- J. Crayton Pruitt Family Department of Biomedical Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116131, Gainesville, FL 32611-6131, USA; Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, Herbert Wertheim College of Engineering, University of Florida, PO Box 116250, Gainesville, FL 32611-6250, USA; Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Medicine, College of Medicine, University of Florida, 1600 SW Archer Road, Gainesville, FL 32610-0277, USA.
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21
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Nishizaki T. PKCε Increases Extracellular Elastin and Fibulin-5/DANCE in Dermal Fibroblasts. Cell Physiol Biochem 2018; 46:291-302. [PMID: 29590645 DOI: 10.1159/000488430] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 02/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS In the earlier study, the selective PKCε activator DCP-LA increased elastic fibres in the dermis of HR-1 hairless mice. As a process of elastic fibre formation, tropoelastin, an elastin monomer, is secreted into the extracellular space. Secreted tropoelastin is delivered to the microfibrils by fibulin-5/developmental arteries and neural crest epidermal growth factor-like (DANCE) and undergoes self-association. Then, tropoelastin assembles around the microfibrils, growing into elastin and elastic fibres by lysyl oxidase (LOX)- or LOX-like (LOXL)-mediated cross-linking. The present study was conducted to understand the mechanism underlying DCP-LA-induced increase in elastin/elastic fibre. METHODS Western blotting, immunocytochemistory, and real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) were carried out in cultured human dermal fibroblasts. PKCε, mammalian target of rapamycin complex (mTOR), and p70 S6 kinase (S6K) were knocked-down by transfecting each siRNA. RESULTS DCP-LA increased elastin and fibulin-5/DANCE in a treatment time (6-24 h)- and a bell-shaped concentration (1 nM-1 µM)-dependent manner in the culture medium of human dermal fibroblasts. DCP-LA markedly increased elastic fibres in the extracellular space of cultured fibroblasts. DCP-LA-induced increase in extracellular elastin and fibulin-5/DANCE was abolished by a PKC inhibitor or knocking-down PKCε. DCP-LA did not affect expression of mRNAs for tropoelastin and fiblin-5/DANCE in cultured fibroblasts. DCP-LA-induced increase in extracellular elastin and fibulin-5/DANCE was not inhibited by the protein synthesis inhibitor cycloheximide or by knocking-down mTOR and S6K. DCP-LA never increased extracellular elastin in the presence of elastase, that breaks down elastin. An inhibitor of matrix metalloproteinase 9, that degrades multiple extracellular matrix components including elastin, had no effect on the basal levels and the DCP-LA-induced increase levels of extracellular elastin. CONCLUSION The results of the present study indicate that PKCε, activated by DCP-LA, increases elastin and fibulin-5/DANCE in the extracellular space of cultured fibroblasts by the mechanism independent of transcriptional and translational modulation or inhibition of elastolysis.
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Muschter D, Geyer F, Bauer R, Ettl T, Schreml S, Haubner F. A comparison of cell survival and heat shock protein expression after radiation in normal dermal fibroblasts, microvascular endothelial cells, and different head and neck squamous carcinoma cell lines. Clin Oral Investig 2018; 22:2251-62. [PMID: 29307045 DOI: 10.1007/s00784-017-2323-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2017] [Accepted: 12/20/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) shows increased radioresistance due to the manipulation of homeostatic mechanisms like the heat shock response. This study intended to comparatively analyze effects of ionizing radiation on different HNSCC cell lines (PCI) and normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHFs) and human dermal microvascular endothelial cells (HDMECs) to uncover differences in radiation coping strategies. MATERIALS AND METHODS Proliferation (BrdU assay), apoptosis (caspase 3/7) and intracellular protein expression of heat shock protein (HSP)-70, and phosphorylated and total HSP27, determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), were analyzed after exposure to increasing doses of ionizing radiation (2, 6, and 12 Gray, Gy). RESULTS Cell count decreased dose-dependently, but PCI cell lines consistently showed higher numbers compared to NHF and HDMEC. Likewise, high doses reduced cell proliferation, but low-dose radiation (2 Gy) instead increased proliferation in PCI 9 and 52. Apoptosis was not detectable in PCI cell lines. Basic HSP70 expression was high in PCI cells with little additional increase by irradiation. PCI cells yielded high basic total HSP27 concentrations but irradiation dose-dependently increased HSP27 in HDMEC, NHF, and PCI cells. Phosphorylated HSP27 concentrations were highest in NHF. CONCLUSION PCI cell lines showed higher resistance to dose-dependent reduction in cell number, proliferation, and protection from apoptosis compared to NHF and HDMEC. In parallel, we observed a high basic and radiation-induced expression of intracellular HSP70 leading to the assumption that the radioresistance of PCI cells is conferred by HSP70. CLINICAL RELEVANCE HNSCC use HSP to escape radiation-induced apoptosis and certain subtypes might increase proliferation after low-dose irradiation.
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23
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Zhou Y, Zimber M, Yuan H, Naughton GK, Fernan R, Li WJ. Effects of Human Fibroblast-Derived Extracellular Matrix on Mesenchymal Stem Cells. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2017; 12:560-572. [PMID: 27342267 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-016-9671-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stem cell fate is largely determined by the microenvironment called niche. The extracellular matrix (ECM), as a key component in the niche, is responsible for maintaining structural stability and regulating cell proliferation, differentiation, migration and other cellular activities. Each tissue has a unique ECM composition for its needs. Here we investigated the effect of a bioengineered human dermal fibroblast-derived ECM (hECM) on the regulation of human mesenchymal stem cell (hMSC) proliferation and multilineage differentiation. Human MSCs were maintained on hECM for two passages followed by the analysis of mRNA expression levels of potency- and lineage-specific markers to determine the capacity of MSC stemness and differentiation, respectively. Mesenchymal stem cells pre-cultured with or without hECM were then induced and analyzed for osteogenesis, adipogenesis and chondrogenesis. Our results showed that compared to MSCs maintained on control culture plates without hECM coating, cells on hECM-coated plates proliferated more rapidly with a higher percentage of cells in S phase of the cell cycle, resulting in an increase in the CD90+/CD105+/CD73+/CD45- subpopulation. In addition, hECM downregulated osteogenesis and adipogenesis of hMSCs but significantly upregulated chondrogenesis with increased production of collagen type 2. In sum, our findings suggest that hECM may be used to culture hMSCs for the application of cartilage tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yaxian Zhou
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Huihua Yuan
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA.,College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering & Biotechnology, Donghua University, Shanghai, China
| | | | | | - Wan-Ju Li
- Department of Orthopedics and Rehabilitation, Laboratory of Musculoskeletal Biology and Regenerative Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1111 Highland Avenue, WIMR 5051, Madison, WI, 53705-2275, USA. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA.
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Murai M, Tsuji G, Hashimoto-Hachiya A, Kawakami Y, Furue M, Mitoma C. An endogenous tryptophan photo-product, FICZ, is potentially involved in photo-aging by reducing TGF-β-regulated collagen homeostasis. J Dermatol Sci 2018; 89:19-26. [PMID: 29102224 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2017.10.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2017] [Revised: 09/23/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Persistent ultraviolet (UV) radiation in the form of sunlight causes photo-aging of the skin by reducing the production of type I collagen, the major constituent of the extracellular matrix of the dermis. Transforming growth factor (TGF)-β transforms dermal fibroblasts into α2-smooth muscle actin (ACTA2)-expressing myofibroblasts. Myofibroblasts produce a precursor form of type I collagen, type I procollagen (collagen I), consisting of pro-alpha1 (produced by the COL1A1 gene) and pro-alpha2 chains (produced by the COL1A2 gene). Smad2/3 is a key downstream molecule of TGF-β signaling. The mechanisms through which UV inhibits collagen I synthesis are not fully understood. 6-Formylindolo[3,2-b]carbazole (FICZ) is an endogenous tryptophan photo-metabolite generated by UV irradiation. FICZ is well known as a high-affinity ligand for aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). However, the physiological roles of FICZ in photo-aging have yet to be addressed. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the effects of FICZ on the TGF-β-mediated ACTA2 and collagen I expression in normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDFs). METHODS Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were performed to determine the expression of ACTA2, COL1A1, and COL1A2 in NHDFs with or without FICZ and TGF-β. The phosphorylated Smad2/3 (pSmad2/3) protein levels in cytoplasmic or nuclear portions were investigated by western blot analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was conducted to evaluate pSmad2/3 localization, and F-actin staining with phalloidin was performed to visualize actin polymerization in myofibroblasts. The actions of FICZ on the TGF-β-mediated collagen I expression and nuclear translocation of pSmad2/3 were analyzed in the presence of selective AHR antagonists or in AHR-knockdown NHDFs. RESULTS We found that FICZ significantly inhibited the TGF-β-induced upregulation of mRNA and protein levels of ACTA2 and collagen I and actin polymerization in myofibroblasts. FICZ did not disturb the phosphorylation of Smad2/3. Notably, FICZ reduced the expression of pSmad2/3 in the nucleus, while it increased that in the cytoplasm, suggesting that it inhibits the nuclear translocation of pSmad2/3 induced by TGF-β. The inhibitory actions of FICZ on the TGF-β-mediated collagen I expression and nuclear translocation of pSmad2/3 were independent of AHR signaling. Another endogenous AHR agonist, kynurenine, also inhibited the TGF-β-mediated ACTA2 and collagen I upregulation in NHDFs in an AHR-independent manner; however, its effects were insignificant in comparison with those of FICZ. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the endogenous photo-product FICZ may be a key chromophore that involves in photo-aging. Downregulation of FICZ signaling is thus a potential strategy to protect against photo-aging.
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25
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Lee JJ, Kim KB, Heo J, Cho DH, Kim HS, Han SH, Ahn KJ, An IS, An S, Bae S. Protective effect of Arthrospira platensis extracts against ultraviolet B-induced cellular senescence through inhibition of DNA damage and matrix metalloproteinase-1 expression in human dermal fibroblasts. J Photochem Photobiol B 2017; 173:196-203. [PMID: 28595074 DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotobiol.2017.05.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2016] [Revised: 05/22/2017] [Accepted: 05/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) light exposure causes skin photoaging, which is known to be preventable and controllable by application of UV-protective agents. In this study, we demonstrated, for the first time, that the extract of microalgae Arthrospira platensis has a reverse effect on UV-induced photodamage such as loss of cell viability, cellular senescence, DNA damage, and collagen destruction in dermal fibroblasts. Forty-eight extracts were prepared from the cell biomass by controlling culture light conditions, extract solvents, and disruption methods. Then, we analyzed their cytotoxicities using WST-1 assay and separated low and high cytotoxic extracts with normal human dermal fibroblasts (nHDFs). Using the low cytotoxic extracts, we performed UVB protection assay and selected the most effective extract demonstrating protective effect against UVB-induced nHDF damage. Flow cytometric analysis and senescence-associated (SA) β-galactosidase assay showed that pretreatment with the extract reversed UVB-induced G2/M phase cell cycle arrest and senescence in nHDFs. Furthermore, UVB-induced DNA damage in nHDFs, such as cyclobutane pyrimidine dimer formation, was significantly suppressed by the extract. Further, quantitative real-time PCR experiments revealed that the extract significantly inhibited UVB-induced upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase 1 (MMP1) and MMP3 expression in nHDFs. Therefore, we concluded that the microalgae extract can be a potential anti-photoaging agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Ju Lee
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs and Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; Gene Cell Pharm Incorporated, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Bbeum Kim
- Gene Cell Pharm Incorporated, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Jina Heo
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Dae-Hyun Cho
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea
| | - Hee-Sik Kim
- Sustainable Bioresource Research Center, KRIBB, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea; Green Chemistry and Environmental Biotechnology, University of Science and Technology (UST), Daejeon 34113, Republic of Korea
| | - Song Hee Han
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu Joong Ahn
- Department of Dermatology, Konkuk University School of Medicine, Seoul 05030, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sook An
- Gene Cell Pharm Incorporated, 2nd Enterprise Research Building, Chungcheongbuk-do 28156, Republic of Korea
| | - Sungkwan An
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs and Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Seunghee Bae
- Research Institute for Molecular-Targeted Drugs and Department of Cosmetics Engineering, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea.
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Kim YJ, Jeong AJ, Kim M, Lee C, Ye SK, Kim S. Time-averaged simulated microgravity (taSMG) inhibits proliferation of lymphoma cells, L-540 and HDLM-2, using a 3D clinostat. Biomed Eng Online 2017; 16:48. [PMID: 28427408 PMCID: PMC5399336 DOI: 10.1186/s12938-017-0337-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Gravity is omnipresent on Earth; however, humans in space, such as astronauts at the International Space Station, experience microgravity. Long-term exposure to microgravity is considered to elicit physiological changes, such as muscle atrophy, in the human body. In addition, certain types of cancer cells demonstrate inhibited proliferation under condition of time-averaged simulated microgravity (taSMG). However, the response of human Hodgkin’s lymphoma cancer cells to reduced gravity, and the associated physiological changes in these cells, have not been elucidated. Methods In this study, the proliferation of human Hodgkin’s lymphoma cancer cells (L-540 and HDLM-2) under taSMG condition (<10−3 G, 1 G is defined as 9.8 m/s2) was studied using a 3D clinostat. Normal human dermal fibroblast (HDF) was proliferated in the same condition as a control group. For the development of 3D clinostat, two motors were used to actuate the frames. Electrical wires for power supply and communication were connected via slip ring. For symmetrical path of gravitational vector, optimal angular velocities of the motors were found using simulation results. Under the condition of taSMG implemented by the 3D clinostat, proliferation of the cells was observed for 3 days. Results The results indicated that proliferation of these cancer cells was significantly (p < 0.0005) inhibited under taSMG, whereas proliferation of normal HDF cells was not affected. Conclusions Findings in this study could be significantly valuable in developing novel strategies for selective killing of cancer cells such as lymphoma.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoon Jae Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Ae Jin Jeong
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea
| | - Myungjoon Kim
- Interdisciplinary Program for Bioengineering, Graduate School, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826, South Korea
| | - Chiwon Lee
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Sang-Kyu Ye
- Department of Pharmacology and Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Ischemic/Hypoxic Disease Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Biomedical Science Project (BK21PLUS), Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea. .,Neuro-Immune Information Storage Network Research Center, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, Republic of Korea.
| | - Sungwan Kim
- Institute of Medical and Biological Engineering, Medical Research Center, Seoul National University, Seoul, 03080, South Korea. .,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
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27
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Yoon JY, Park CG, Park BS, Kim EJ, Byeon GJ, Yoon JU. Effects of Remifentanil Preconditioning Attenuating Oxidative Stress in Human Dermal Fibroblast. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:133-141. [PMID: 30603470 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-017-0030-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2016] [Revised: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 05/31/2016] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Human dermal fibroblast is essential in wound healing of the skin through the synthesis of extracellular matrix proteins. With respect to oxidative stress, the effects of remifentanil on human dermal fibroblast have received little attention. Therefore, we investigated the effects of remifentanil on the apoptosis and autophagic reaction of human dermal fibroblasts under oxidative stress. The subjects were divided into the following groups: Control group: cells were incubated at 37°C in a humidified atmosphere with 5% CO2. Hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) group: cells were exposed to H2O2 for 2 h. RPC/H2O2 group: cells were pretreated with remifentanil for 2 h and exposed H2O2 for 2 h. 3-MA/RPC/H2O2 group: cells were pretreated with 3-methyladenine (3-MA) and remifentanil for 1 h and 2 h, respectively. We measured cell viability using MTT assay. Western blot analysis was used to determine the expression levels of proteins associated with apoptosis and autophagy. Quantification of apoptotic cells was performed using flow cytometer analysis, and autophagic vacuoles were observed under a fluorescence microscope. Remifentanil treatment increased the proliferation of human dermal fibroblast and decreased apoptotic cell death, enhancing autophagic activity under oxidative stress. However, 3-MA, the autophagy pathway inhibitor, inhibited the protective effect of remifentanil in oxidative stress. This study demonstrates that remifentanil activated autophagy and decreased apoptotic death of human dermal fibroblasts under oxidative stress. Our results suggest that remifentanil may help in the treatment of oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Young Yoon
- 1Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
| | - Chul-Gue Park
- 1Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
| | - Bong-Soo Park
- 2Department of Oral Anatomy, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
| | - Eun-Jung Kim
- 1Department of Dental Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
| | - Gyeong-Jo Byeon
- 3Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
| | - Ji-Uk Yoon
- 3Department of Anesthesia and Pain Medicine, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Mulgeum-eup, Yangsan-si, Gyeongnam 50612 Korea
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28
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Yu J, Choi S, Um J, Park KS. Reduced Expression of YAP in Dermal Fibroblasts is Associated with Impaired Wound Healing in Type 2 Diabetic Mice. Tissue Eng Regen Med 2017; 14:49-55. [PMID: 30603461 DOI: 10.1007/s13770-016-0019-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2016] [Revised: 11/27/2016] [Accepted: 12/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Dermal fibroblasts play essential roles in wound healing and their dysfunction has been shown to be associated with impaired wound healing in diabetes. In the present study, we aimed at investigating whether Yes-associated protein (YAP), a mediator of mechanotransduction in dermal fibroblasts, is associated with impaired wound healing in diabetic mice. Compared with that in the control, the rate of wound contraction was decreased twofold in db/db type 2 diabetic mice (db/db mice). To mimic diabetic pathological condition, dermal fibroblasts were cultured under high glucose conditions (25.5 mM glucose). Further, dermal fibroblast-mediated contraction of wound was evaluated by in vitro collagen gel contraction assay. Dermal fibroblasts cultured under hyperglycemic condition showed impaired gel contraction and mitochondrial dysfunction, compared to the cells cultured under normoglycemic conditions (5.5 mM glucose). Importantly, compared with the normal dermal fibroblasts, diabetic db/db dermal fibroblasts expressed lower levels of growth factors and cytokines that enhance wound healing, such as insulin-like growth factor-1, stromal cell-derived factor-1, connective tissue growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β). The quantity of YAP mRNA was also lower in diabetic db/db dermal fibroblasts, compared with that in the control fibroblasts. These results indicate that impaired wound healing in diabetics is associated with the dysfunction of dermal fibroblasts, including downregulation of YAP, which plays essential roles in extracellular matrix remodeling and TGF-β-mediated wound healing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyeong Yu
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Sanghyuk Choi
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Jihyun Um
- 1Department of Genetic Engineering, Graduate School of Biotechnology, Kyung Hee University, Yong-In, 17104 Korea
| | - Ki-Sook Park
- 2East-West Medical Research Institute, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul, 02447 Korea
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29
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Zhang Z, Slobodianski A, Arnold A, Nehlsen J, Hopfner U, Schilling AF, Perisic T, Machens HG. High Efficiency Low Cost Fibroblast Nucleofection for GMP Compatible Cell-based Gene Therapy. Int J Med Sci 2017; 14:798-803. [PMID: 28824316 PMCID: PMC5562186 DOI: 10.7150/ijms.19241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Dermal fibroblast is a powerful tool for the study of ex vivo DNA delivery in development of both cell therapy and tissue engineering products. Using genetic modification, fibroblasts can be diversely adapted and made suitable for clinical gene therapy. In this study, we first compared several non-viral transfection methods including nucleofection in rat and human primary dermal fibroblast. In addition, the original protocol for nucleofection of primary mammalian fibroblasts was modified in order to achieve the highest possible transfection efficiency, as determined by flow cytometry analysis of the green fluorescent protein (GFP) expression. Results: the results showed that transfection performance of Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) supplemented with 10% Fetal Calf Serum (FCS) yielded the best transfection efficiency with rat dermal fibroblasts and ITS (insulin, transferrin, and sodium selenite solution) was comparable to the standard nucleofection solution for human dermal fibroblasts. Conclusion: Our results suggest a promising application of the modified nucleofection method for GMP compatible therapeutic translational medical research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyang Zhang
- Department of Orthopedics, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China.,Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alex Slobodianski
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Technical University Munich, Faculty of Medicine, TUM Cells Interdisciplinary Center for Cellular Therapies, Munich, Germany.,Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Astrid Arnold
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jessica Nehlsen
- Department of Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ursula Hopfner
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Arndt F Schilling
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany.,Klinik für Unfallchirurgie, Orthopädie und Plastische Chirurgie, Universitätsmedizin Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tatjana Perisic
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Hans-Günther Machens
- Department for Plastic Surgery and Hand Surgery; Klinikum rechts der Isar; Technical University Munich, Munich, Germany
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Akashi K, Saegusa J, Sendo S, Nishimura K, Okano T, Yagi K, Yanagisawa M, Emoto N, Morinobu A. Knockout of endothelin type B receptor signaling attenuates bleomycin-induced skin sclerosis in mice. Arthritis Res Ther 2016; 18:113. [PMID: 27209208 PMCID: PMC4875589 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-016-1011-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Endothelin-1 (ET-1) is important in the pathogenesis of systemic sclerosis (SSc). ET-1 binds two receptors, endothelin type A (ETA) and endothelin type B (ETB). Dual ETA/ETB receptor antagonists and a selective ETA receptor antagonist are used clinically to treat SSc, and the effect of these antagonists on fibroblast activation has been described. However, the role of ETB receptor signaling in fibrogenesis is less clear. This study was conducted to evaluate the profibrotic function of ETB receptor signaling in a murine model of bleomycin (BLM)-induced scleroderma. Methods We used ETB receptor–knockout (ETBKO) mice, which are genetically rescued from lethal intestinal aganglionosis by an ETB receptor transgene driven by the human dopamine β-hydroxylase (DβH)-gene promoter, and wild-type mice with DβH-ETB (WT). BLM or phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) was administered subcutaneously by osmotic minipump, and skin fibrosis was assessed by dermal thickness, subcutaneous fat atrophy, and myofibroblast count in the dermis. Dermal fibroblasts isolated from ETBKO and WT mice were cultured in vitro, stimulated with BLM or ET-1, and the expression of profibrotic genes was compared by quantitative PCR. Results Dermal thickness, subcutaneous fat atrophy, and myofibroblast counts in the dermis were significantly reduced in ETBKO mice compared to WT mice, after BLM treatment. Compared with wild-type, dermal fibroblasts isolated from ETBKO mice showed lower gene expressions of α-smooth muscle actin and collagen 1α1 in response to BLM or ET-1 stimulation in vitro. Conclusions ET-1–ETB receptor signaling is involved in skin sclerosis and in collagen synthesis by dermal fibroblasts. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13075-016-1011-4) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kengo Akashi
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Jun Saegusa
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Sho Sendo
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nishimura
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan
| | - Takuya Okano
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Keiko Yagi
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Masashi Yanagisawa
- International Institute for Integrative Sleep Medicine (WPI-IIIS), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Noriaki Emoto
- Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan.,Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Akio Morinobu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, 7-5-1, Kusunoki-cho, Chuo-ku, Kobe, 650-0017, Japan.
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Sun X, Chakrabarti S, Fang J, Yin Y, Wu J. Low-molecular-weight fractions of Alcalase hydrolyzed egg ovomucin extract exert anti-inflammatory activity in human dermal fibroblasts through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-mediated nuclear factor κB pathway. Nutr Res 2016; 36:648-57. [PMID: 27333955 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2016.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Ovomucin is a mucin-like protein from egg white with a variety of biological functions. We hypothesized that ovomucin-derived peptides might exert anti-inflammatory activity. The specific objectives were to test the anti-inflammatory activities of different ovomucin hydrolysates and its various fractions in human dermal fibroblasts, and to understand the possible molecular mechanisms. Three ovomucin hydrolysates were prepared and desalted; only the desalted Alcalase hydrolysate showed anti-inflammatory activity. Desalting of ovomucin hydrolysate enriched the proportion of low-molecular-weight (MW) peptides. Indeed, ultrafiltration of this hydrolysate displayed comparable anti-inflammatory activity in dermal fibroblasts, indicating the responsible role of low-MW bioactive peptides in exerting the beneficial biological function. The anti-inflammatory activity of low-MW peptides was regulated through the inhibition of tumor necrosis factor-mediated nuclear factor κ-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells activity. Our study demonstrated that both peptide composition and MW distribution play important roles in anti-inflammatory activity. The low-MW fractions prepared from ovomucin Alcalase hydrolysate may have potential applications for maintenance of dermal health and treatment of skin diseases.
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Tashiro K, Shishido M, Fujimoto K, Hirota Y, Yo K, Gomi T, Tanaka Y. Age-related disruption of autophagy in dermal fibroblasts modulates extracellular matrix components. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 443:167-72. [PMID: 24287182 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.11.066] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2013] [Accepted: 11/16/2013] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an intracellular degradative system that is believed to be involved in the aging process. The contribution of autophagy to age-related changes in the human skin is unclear. In this study, we examined the relationship between autophagy and skin aging. Transmission electron microscopy and immunofluorescence microscopy analyses of skin tissue and cultured dermal fibroblasts derived from women of different ages revealed an increase in the number of nascent double-membrane autophagosomes with age. Western blot analysis showed that the amount of LC3-II, a form associated with autophagic vacuolar membranes, was significantly increased in aged dermal fibroblasts compared with that in young dermal fibroblasts. Aged dermal fibroblasts were minimally affected by inhibition of autophagic activity. Although lipofuscin autofluorescence was elevated in aged dermal fibroblasts, the expression of Beclin-1 and Atg5-genes essential for autophagosome formation-was similar between young and aged dermal fibroblasts, suggesting that the increase of autophagosomes in aged dermal fibroblasts was due to impaired autophagic flux rather than an increase in autophagosome formation. Treatment of young dermal fibroblasts with lysosomal protease inhibitors, which mimic the condition of aged dermal fibroblasts with reduced autophagic activity, altered the fibroblast content of type I procollagen, hyaluronan and elastin, and caused a breakdown of collagen fibrils. Collectively, these findings suggest that the autophagy pathway is impaired in aged dermal fibroblasts, which leads to deterioration of dermal integrity and skin fragility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kanae Tashiro
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Yokohama, Japan; Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Mayumi Shishido
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Keiko Fujimoto
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Organelle Homeostasis Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Yuko Hirota
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Kazuyuki Yo
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takamasa Gomi
- Skin Research Department, POLA Chemical Industries, Inc., Yokohama, Japan
| | - Yoshitaka Tanaka
- Division of Pharmaceutical Cell Biology, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan; Organelle Homeostasis Research Center, Kyushu University, Fukuoka, Japan.
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Zeng JP, Bi B, Chen L, Yang P, Guo Y, Zhou YQ, Liu TY. Repeated exposure of mouse dermal fibroblasts at a sub-cytotoxic dose of UVB leads to premature senescence: a robust model of cellular photoaging. J Dermatol Sci 2014; 73:49-56. [PMID: 24054498 DOI: 10.1016/j.jdermsci.2013.08.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2013] [Revised: 08/20/2013] [Accepted: 08/26/2013] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Photoaging skin is due to accumulative effect of UV irradiation that mainly imposes its damage on dermal fibroblasts. To mimic the specific cellular responses invoked by long term effect of UVB, it is preferable to develop a photo-damaged model in vitro based on repeated UVB exposure instead of a single exposure. OBJECTIVE To develop a photo-damaged model of fibroblasts by repeated UVB exposure allowing for investigation of molecular mechanism underlying premature senescence and testing of potential anti-photoaging compounds. METHODS Mouse dermal fibroblasts (MDFs) at early passages (passages 1-3) were exposed to a series of 4 sub-cytotoxic dose of UVB. The senescent phenotypes were detected at 24 or 48h after the last irradiation including cell viability, ROS generation, mitochondrial membrane potential, cell cycle, production and degradation of extracellular matrix. RESULTS Repeated exposure of UVB resulted in remarkable features of senescence. It effectively avoided the disadvantages of single dose such as induction of cell death rather than senescence, inadequate stress resulting in cellular self-rehabilitation. CONCLUSION Our work confirms the possibility of detecting cellular machinery that mediates UVB damage to fibroblasts in vitro by repeated exposure, while the potential molecular mechanisms including cell surface receptors, protein kinase signal transduction pathways, and transcription factors remain to be further evaluated.
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Faust I, Roch C, Kuhn J, Prante C, Knabbe C, Hendig D. Human xylosyltransferase-I - a new marker for myofibroblast differentiation in skin fibrosis. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 436:449-54. [PMID: 23747722 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.05.125] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Skin fibrosis is a severe type of fibrotic disorder emerging in terms of hypertrophic scars or systemic sclerosis. Key event of fibrogenesis is the transition of fibroblasts to matrix-producing myofibroblasts. In the presence of fibrotic triggers, for instance secretion of profibrotic growth factors like transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) or mechanical strain, myofibroblasts persist. Current research focuses on discovering innovative myofibroblast biomarkers which are regulated in fibrotic development and accessible for antifibrotic inhibition. Here, we consider the suitability of xylosyltransferase-I (XT-I) as a myofibroblast biomarker in skin fibrosis. XT-I catalyzes the initial step of glycosaminoglycan biosynthesis. Its increase in enzymatic activity is known to refer only to manifested diseases which are characterized by an abnormal rate of proteoglycan biosynthesis. In this study, treatment of normal human dermal fibroblasts (NHDF) with TGF-β1 was followed by increased relative XYLT1 mRNA expression. Remarkably, this upregulation was strongly dependent on myofibroblast content, increasing during fibrogenesis. Moreover, XT activity increased time-dependently in response to progressive myofibroblast transformation. XYLT1 expression was inhibited by TGF-β receptor I (ALK5) inhibitor SB431542. In contrast, XYLT2 expression was only marginally affected by TGF-β1 as well as ALK5 inhibition. Our results strengthen the significance of XT expression and activity in fibrotic remodeling. Therefore, we propose XT activity, in addition to α-SMA expression, as a new biomarker for myofibroblast differentiation and fibrotic development. Further studies are now needed to evaluate the option to control and inhibit fibrotic remodeling by interfering with XT expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Faust
- Institut für Laboratoriums- und Transfusionsmedizin, Herz- und Diabeteszentrum Nordrhein-Westfalen, Universitätsklinik der Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bad Oeynhausen, Germany
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