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Hoisington AJ, Stearns-Yoder KA, Kovacs EJ, Postolache TT, Brenner LA. Airborne Exposure to Pollutants and Mental Health: A Review with Implications for United States Veterans. Curr Environ Health Rep 2024:10.1007/s40572-024-00437-8. [PMID: 38457036 DOI: 10.1007/s40572-024-00437-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Inhalation of airborne pollutants in the natural and built environment is ubiquitous; yet, exposures are different across a lifespan and unique to individuals. Here, we reviewed the connections between mental health outcomes from airborne pollutant exposures, the biological inflammatory mechanisms, and provide future directions for researchers and policy makers. The current state of knowledge is discussed on associations between mental health outcomes and Clean Air Act criteria pollutants, traffic-related air pollutants, pesticides, heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits. RECENT FINDINGS Although associations between airborne pollutants and negative physical health outcomes have been a topic of previous investigations, work highlighting associations between exposures and psychological health is only starting to emerge. Research on criteria pollutants and mental health outcomes has the most robust results to date, followed by traffic-related air pollutants, and then pesticides. In contrast, scarce mental health research has been conducted on exposure to heavy metals, jet fuel, and burn pits. Specific cohorts of individuals, such as United States military members and in-turn, Veterans, often have unique histories of exposures, including service-related exposures to aircraft (e.g. jet fuels) and burn pits. Research focused on Veterans and other individuals with an increased likelihood of exposure and higher vulnerability to negative mental health outcomes is needed. Future research will facilitate knowledge aimed at both prevention and intervention to improve physical and mental health among military personnel, Veterans, and other at-risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew J Hoisington
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA.
- Department of Systems Engineering and Management, Air Force Institute of Technology, Wright-Patterson AFB, Dayton, OH, 45333, USA.
| | - Kelly A Stearns-Yoder
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Elizabeth J Kovacs
- Department of Surgery, Division of GI, Trauma and Endocrine Surgery, and Burn Research Program, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Veterans Affairs Research Service, RMR VAMC, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
| | - Teodor T Postolache
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Mood and Anxiety Program, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
- Department of Veterans Affairs, VISN 5 MIRECC, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Lisa A Brenner
- Veterans Affairs Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMR VAMC), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine & Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
- Departments of Psychiatry & Neurology, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, 80045, USA
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Câmara ABF, da Silva WJO, Neves ACDO, Moura HOMA, de Lima KMG, de Carvalho LS. Excitation-emission fluorescence spectroscopy coupled with PARAFAC and MCR-ALS with area correlation for investigation of jet fuel contamination. Talanta 2024; 266:125126. [PMID: 37651908 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2023.125126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/21/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/02/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of jet fuel has gained attention in the past years as a notable factor in aircraft accidents. Identifying the contamination sources is still a challenge, especially when they have a similar composition to the fuel, such as kerosene solvent (KS). A novel analytical methodology was developed by combining a set of excitation-emission matrix (EEM) fluorescence to area constrained multivariate curve resolution with alternating least-squares (MCR-ALS) and PARAllel FACtor (PARAFAC) analysis, in order to identify KS in blends with JET-A1. For this purpose, a dataset with 50 samples (KS and JET-A1 blends, 2.0-100% v/v) was used to build the multivariate models. Both PARAFAC and MCR-ALS allowed fuel quantification with 4.64% and 3.46% RMSEP, respectively; both models (PARAFAC and MCR-ALS) could quantify KS with high accuracy (RMSEP <5.36%). In addition, MCR-ALS model was able to recover the pure spectral profiles of KS, JET-A1 and interferers. GC-MS data of the samples proved the composition similarities between both petroleum distillates, thus being inefficient for identifying the contamination. These results indicate that the development of multivariate models using EEM was the key for contributing with a new low-cost and accurate method for on-line screening of jet fuel contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B F Câmara
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Energetic Technologies Research Group, 59078-900, Natal, Brazil.
| | - Wellington J O da Silva
- Quality Control Laboratory for Oil and Derivatives, Ativo Industrial de Guamaré (ATI), Petrobras, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Ana C de O Neves
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Energetic Technologies Research Group, 59078-900, Natal, Brazil
| | - Heloise O M A Moura
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Energetic Technologies Research Group, 59078-900, Natal, Brazil
| | - Kassio M G de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Energetic Technologies Research Group, 59078-900, Natal, Brazil
| | - Luciene S de Carvalho
- Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Energetic Technologies Research Group, 59078-900, Natal, Brazil.
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Van Gelder K, Oliveira-Filho ER, Messina CD, Venado RE, Wilker J, Rajasekar S, Ané JM, Amthor JS, Hanson AD. Running the numbers on plant synthetic biology solutions to global problems. Plant Sci 2023; 335:111815. [PMID: 37543223 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2023.111815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Revised: 07/30/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/07/2023]
Abstract
Synthetic biology and metabolic engineering promise to deliver sustainable solutions to global problems such as phasing out fossil fuels and replacing industrial nitrogen fixation. While this promise is real, scale matters, and so do knock-on effects of implementing solutions. Both scale and knock-on effects can be estimated by 'Fermi calculations' (aka 'back-of-envelope calculations') that use uncontroversial input data plus simple arithmetic to reach rough but reliable conclusions. Here, we illustrate how this is done and how informative it can be using two cases: oilcane (sugarcane engineered to accumulate triglycerides instead of sugar) as a source of bio-jet fuel, and nitrogen fixation by bacteria in mucilage secreted by maize aerial roots. We estimate that oilcane could meet no more than about 1% of today's U.S. jet fuel demand if grown on all current U.S. sugarcane land and that, if cane land were expanded to meet two-thirds of this demand, the fertilizer and refinery requirements would create a large carbon footprint. Conversely, we estimate that nitrogen fixation in aerial-root mucilage could replace up to 10% of the fertilizer nitrogen applied to U.S. maize, that 2% of plant carbon income used for growth would suffice to fuel the fixation, and that this extra carbon consumption would likely reduce grain yield only slightly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristen Van Gelder
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | | | - Carlos D Messina
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Rafael E Venado
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jennifer Wilker
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Shanmugam Rajasekar
- Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jean-Michel Ané
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA; Department of Agronomy, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53706, USA
| | - Jeffrey S Amthor
- Center for Ecosystem Science and Society, Department of Biological Sciences, Northern Arizona University, Flagstaff, AZ 86011, USA
| | - Andrew D Hanson
- Horticultural Sciences Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA.
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Lobato MR, Cazarolli JC, Rios RDF, D' Alessandro EB, Lutterbach MTS, Filho NRA, Pasa VMD, Aranda D, Scorza PR, Bento FM. Behavior of deteriogenic fungi in aviation fuels (fossil and biofuel) during simulated storage. Braz J Microbiol 2023; 54:1603-1621. [PMID: 37584891 PMCID: PMC10484884 DOI: 10.1007/s42770-023-01055-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/28/2023] [Indexed: 08/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Biofuels are expected to play a major role in reducing carbon emissions in the aviation sector globally. Farnesane ("2,6,10-trimethyldodecane") is a biofuel derived from the synthesized iso-paraffin route wich can be blended with jet fuel; however, the microbial behavior in farnesane/jet fuel blends remains unknown. The chemical and biological stability of blends should be investigated to ensure they meet the quality requirements for aviation fuels. This work aimed at evaluating the behavior of two fungi Hormoconis resinae (F089) and Exophiala phaeomuriformis (UFRGS Q4.2) in jet fuel, farnesane, and in 10% farnesane blend during simulated storage. Microcosms (150-mL flasks) were assembled with and without fungi containing Bushnell & Haas mineral medium for 28 days at a temperature of 20±2°C. The fungal growth (biomass), pH, surface tension, and changes in the fuel's hydrocarbon chains were evaluated. This study revealed thatthe treatment containing H. resinae showed a biomass of 19 mg, 12 mg, and 2 mg for jet fuel, blend, and farnesane respectively. The pH was reduced from 7.2 to 4.3 observed in jet fuel treatment The degradation results showed that compounds with carbon chains between C9 and C11, in jet fuel, and blend treatments were preferably degraded. The highest biomass (70.9 mg) produced by E. phaeomuriformis was in 10% farnesane blend, after 21 days. However, no significant decrease was observed on pH and surface tension measurements across the treatments as well as on the hydrocarbons when compared to the controls. This study revealed that farnesane neither inhibited nor promoted greater growth on both microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariane Rodrigues Lobato
- Fuels and Biofuels Biodeterioration Laboratory (LAB-BIO), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street # 2600, Building, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 21116, Brazil
| | - Juciana Clarice Cazarolli
- Fuels and Biofuels Biodeterioration Laboratory (LAB-BIO), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street # 2600, Building, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 21116, Brazil
| | - Regiane Débora Fernandes Rios
- Fuel Testing Laboratory (LEC), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue #6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Emmanuel Bezerra D' Alessandro
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goias, Esperança Avenue, IQ-1 Block, Goiânia, Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Marcia T S Lutterbach
- Laboratory of Biocorrosion and Biodegradation (LABIO), National Institute of Technology (INT), Venezuela Avenue # 82, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Nelson Roberto Antoniosi Filho
- Laboratory of Extraction and Separation Methods (LAMES), Institute of Chemistry, Federal University of Goias, Esperança Avenue, IQ-1 Block, Goiânia, Goiás, Goiânia, Brasil
| | - Vânya Márcia Duarte Pasa
- Fuel Testing Laboratory (LEC), Department of Chemistry, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Presidente Antônio Carlos Avenue #6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Donato Aranda
- GREENTEC- School of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, Horácio Macedo, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Avenue # 2030. Block E, office 211, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rodrigo Scorza
- Brazilian Union of Biodiesel and Biojetfuel UBRABIO-SHIS QL12, Conjunto 07, Casa 05, Brasilia, Brasilia, Brazil
| | - Fátima Menezes Bento
- Fuels and Biofuels Biodeterioration Laboratory (LAB-BIO), Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Parasitology, Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul, Ramiro Barcelos Street # 2600, Building, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul, 21116, Brazil.
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Seufitelli GVS, El-Husseini H, Pascoli DU, Bura R, Gustafson R. Techno-economic analysis of an integrated biorefinery to convert poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid. Biotechnol Biofuels Bioprod 2022; 15:143. [PMID: 36539896 PMCID: PMC9768886 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-022-02246-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The overall goal of the present study is to investigate the economics of an integrated biorefinery converting hybrid poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid. The process employs a combination of integrated biological, thermochemical, and electrochemical conversion pathways to convert the carbohydrates in poplar into jet fuel, xylitol, and formic acid production. The C5-sugars are converted into xylitol via hydrogenation. The C6-sugars are converted into jet fuel via fermentation into ethanol, followed by dehydration, oligomerization, and hydrogenation into jet fuel. CO2 produced during fermentation is converted into formic acid via electrolysis, thus, avoiding emissions and improving the process's overall carbon conversion. RESULTS Three different biorefinery scales are considered: small, intermediate, and large, assuming feedstock supplies of 150, 250, and 760 dry ktonne of poplar/year, respectively. For the intermediate-scale biorefinery, a minimum jet fuel selling price of $3.13/gallon was obtained at a discount rate of 15%. In a favorable scenario where the xylitol price is 25% higher than its current market value, a jet fuel selling price of $0.64/gallon was obtained. Co-locating the biorefinery with a power plant reduces the jet fuel selling price from $3.13 to $1.03 per gallon. CONCLUSION A unique integrated biorefinery to produce jet fuel was successfully modeled. Analysis of the biorefinery scales shows that the minimum jet fuel selling price for profitability decreases with increasing biorefinery scale, and for all scales, the biorefinery presents favorable economics, leading to a minimum jet fuel selling price lower than the current price for sustainable aviation fuel (SAF). The amount of xylitol and formic produced in a large-scale facility corresponds to 43% and 25%, respectively, of the global market volume of these products. These volumes will saturate the markets, making them infeasible scenarios. In contrast, the small and intermediate-scale biorefineries have product volumes that would not saturate current markets, does not present a feedstock availability problem, and produce jet fuel at a favorable price given the current SAF policy support. It is shown that the price of co-products greatly influences the minimum selling price of jet fuel, and co-location can further reduce the price of jet fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel V. S. Seufitelli
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Hisham El-Husseini
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Danielle U. Pascoli
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Renata Bura
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
| | - Richard Gustafson
- grid.34477.330000000122986657School of Environmental and Forest Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA 98195 USA
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Câmara ABF, da Silva WJO, Moura HOMA, Silva NKN, de Lima KMG, de Carvalho LS. Multivariate strategy for identifying and quantifying jet fuel contaminants by MCR-ALS/PLS models coupled to combined MIR/NIR spectra. Anal Bioanal Chem 2022; 414:7897-7909. [PMID: 36149475 DOI: 10.1007/s00216-022-04324-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2022] [Revised: 08/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The investigation and control of jet fuel contamination for private aircrafts has gained attention due to the softer monitoring in comparison to commercial aviation. The possible contamination with kerosene solvent (KS) makes this investigation more challenging, since it has physicochemical similarities with jet fuel. To help solve this problem, a chemometric methodology was applied in this research combining multivariate curve resolution with alternating least squares (MCR-ALS) and partial least squares (PLS) models coupled to near- and mid-infrared spectroscopies (MIR/NIR) in order to detect and quantify KS in blends with JET-A1 using 23 samples (5-60% v/v). Additionally, 98 samples were stored for 60 days, and principal component analysis, genetic algorithm, and successive projections algorithm were coupled to linear discriminant analysis (PCA-LDA, GA-LDA, and SPA-LDA) in order to classify the blends according to the bands assigned to oxidation products, such as phenols and carboxylic acids. GA-LDA and SPA-LDA models were accurate and reached 100% sensitivity and specificity. Physicochemical analysis was not able to detect the presence of KS in contaminated jet fuel samples, even in high concentrations. The use of MIR-NIR combined spectra improved the quantification results, thus decreasing the experimental error from 5.22% (using only NIR) to 1.64%. PLS regression quantified the content of KS with high accuracy (RMSEP < 1.64%, R2 > 0.995). The MCR-ALS model stood out for recovering the spectral profile of kerosene solvent by segregating it from jet fuel spectra. The development of models using chemometric tools contributed to a fast, low-cost, and efficient process for quality control that can be applied in the fuel industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne B F Câmara
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil.
| | - Wellington J O da Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Heloise O M A Moura
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Natanny K N Silva
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Kassio M G de Lima
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil
| | - Luciene S de Carvalho
- Institute of Chemistry, Energetic Technologies Research Group (GPTEN), Federal University of Rio Grande Do Norte, Natal, 59078-900, Brazil.
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Kushwaha N, Banerjee D, Ahmad KA, Shetti NP, Aminabhavi TM, Pant KK, Ahmad E. Catalytic production and application of bio-renewable butyl butyrate as jet fuel blend- A review. J Environ Manage 2022; 310:114772. [PMID: 35228167 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.114772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Butyl butyrate (BB) derived from bio-renewable resources is the most promising jet fuel blend. This review highlights essential properties of jet fuel, including calorific value, kinematic viscosity, freezing point, flash point, auto-ignition temperature, and density to compare with different bio-renewable chemicals, which are compatible to be blended with the jet fuel. A detailed discussion follows on the importance of intermediate formation, reaction mechanism, and catalyst properties that are critical towards the production of bio-renewable resource-derived BB. BB is primarily produced via the esterification of butyric acid (BA) in butanol (BuOH) with or without using a catalyst. The corresponding reactions are carried out in both homogeneous and heterogeneous phases, provided it has acidic properties. Thus, a wide range of acidic catalysts such as [HSO3-pmim] HSO4 ionic liquids, heteropolyacid, methanesulfonic acid, Dowex 50 Wx8-400 resins, and sulfonated char causes up to 98%, 97.9%, 93.2%, 95.3%, and 90% of BB yield, respectively are critically reviewed. Moreover, reaction mechanism, product, and by-product formation that primarily dictate the BB yield and selectivity have been comprehensively reviewed. In addition, catalytic and mechanistic insights on BB production from other bio-renewable resources such as butyric anhydride, butyraldehyde, dibutyl ether, and methanol have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nidhi Kushwaha
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Debarun Banerjee
- Department of Fuel, Minerals and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Khwaja Alamgir Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India
| | - Nagaraj P Shetti
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India
| | - Tejraj M Aminabhavi
- School of Advanced Sciences, KLE Technological University, Hubballi, 580031, Karnataka, India.
| | - Kamal K Pant
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Delhi, 110016, India
| | - Ejaz Ahmad
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology (ISM), Dhanbad, 826004, India.
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Moretti C, Vera I, Junginger M, López-Contreras A, Shen L. Attributional and consequential LCAs of a novel bio- jet fuel from Dutch potato by-products. Sci Total Environ 2022; 813:152505. [PMID: 34968608 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.152505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
To mitigate the climate change impact of aviation, jet fuels from bio-based by-products are considered a promising alternative to conventional jet fuels. Life cycle assessment (LCA) is a commonly applied tool to determine the environmental impacts of bio-jet fuels. This article presents both attributional and consequential LCA models to assess an innovative bio-jet fuel produced from potato by-products in the Netherlands. The two models led to opposite conclusions regarding the overall environmental performance of this bio-jet fuel. The attributional LCA showed that this bio-jet fuel could offer about a 60% GHG emissions reduction compared to conventional jet fuel. In comparison, the consequential LCA estimated either a much lower climate change benefit (5-40%) if the potato by-products taken from the animal feed market are replaced with European animal feed or a 70% increase in GHG emissions if also imported soybean meals are used to replace the feed. Contrasting conclusions were also obtained for photochemical ozone formation. Conversely, the attributional and consequential LCAs agree on acidification, terrestrial eutrophication and depletion of fossil fuels. Although the consequential LCA was affected by higher uncertainties related to the determination of the actual product displaced, it allowed understanding the consequence of additional animal feed production. This process was not included in the system boundaries of the attributional LCA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Moretti
- Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Ivan Vera
- Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Martin Junginger
- Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Ana López-Contreras
- Wageningen University & Research, Food & Biobased Research, Wageningen, the Netherlands
| | - Li Shen
- Utrecht University, Copernicus Institute of Sustainable Development, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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9
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Pamula ASP, Lampert DJ, Atiyeh HK. Well-to-wake analysis of switchgrass to jet fuel via a novel co-fermentation of sugars and CO 2. Sci Total Environ 2021; 782:146770. [PMID: 33839671 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146770] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lignocellulosic biomass such as switchgrass can be converted to n-butanol using fermentation, which can be further processed into jet fuel. Traditional acetone-butanol-ethanol (ABE) fermentation only converts sugars derived from switchgrass to ABE. Novel co-fermentation processes convert sugars and gas (CO2/H2) produced during fermentation into butanol, thus increasing ABE yields by 15.5% compared to traditional ABE fermentation. Herein, the environmental impact of a Switchgrass to Jet Fuel (STJ) pathway was assessed using life cycle assessment (LCA) from well-to-wake. LCAs were performed for greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from jet fuel production via co-fermentation of sugars and gas for ideal and practical cases of ABE fermentation and seven other jet fuel pathways. The ideal case assumes 100% sugar recovery and 95% ABE yield. The practical case assumes 90% sugar recovery and an 80% ABE yield. Results are presented based on 100-year global warming potential (GWP) per MJ of jet fuel. Co-products were allocated using various methods. The increase in butanol yield via the co-fermentation technology reduced GWP-100 for the STJ pathway by 6.5% compared to traditional ABE fermentation. Similarly, the STJ pathway for the practical case with co-fermentation had 14.2%, 47.5%, 73.8%, and 44.4% less GWP-100 compared to HRJ, Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel from switchgrass, Fischer-Tropsch jet fuel from coal, and conventional petroleum jet fuel. The results demonstrate that the STJ pathway via co-fermentation has the potential to increase product yield while reducing GHG emissions compared to other jet fuel production pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - David J Lampert
- Civil Architectural, and Environmental Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL, USA.
| | - Hasan K Atiyeh
- Biosystems and Agricultural Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater, OK, USA
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Flores Orozco A, Ciampi P, Katona T, Censini M, Papini MP, Deidda GP, Cassiani G. Delineation of hydrocarbon contaminants with multi-frequency complex conductivity imaging. Sci Total Environ 2021; 768:144997. [PMID: 33736329 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.144997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The characterization of contaminated sites is a serious issue that requires a number of techniques to be deployed in the field to reconstruct the geometry, hydraulic properties and state of contamination of the shallow subsurface, often at the hundreds of meter scale with metric resolution. Among the techniques that have been proposed to complement direct investigations (composed of drilling, sampling, and laboratory characterization) are geophysical methods, which can provide extensive spatial coverage both laterally and at depth with the required resolution. However, geophysical methods only measure physical properties that are indirectly related to contamination, and their correlation may be difficult to ascertain without direct ground truth. In this study, we present a successful example where the results of complex conductivity measurements conducted in an imaging framework are compared with direct evidence of subsoil contamination at a jet fuel impacted site. Thus, proving that a combination of direct and indirect investigations can be successfully used to image a site in its complex (potentially 3D) structure in order to build a reliable conceptual model of the site.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Paolo Ciampi
- Department of Earth Sciences, University of Rome "La Sapienza", Rome, Italy
| | - Timea Katona
- Dept. of Geodesy and Geoinformation, TU Wien, Vienna, Austria
| | - Matteo Censini
- Dept. of Geosciences, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | | | - Gian Piero Deidda
- Dept. of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, University of Cagliari, Cagliari, Italy
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11
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Ruiz ON, Radwan O, Striebich RC. GC-MS hydrocarbon degradation profile data of Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis SI8, a bacterium capable of degrading aromatics at low temperatures. Data Brief 2021; 35:106864. [PMID: 33665259 PMCID: PMC7900218 DOI: 10.1016/j.dib.2021.106864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2021] [Accepted: 02/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The ability of the psychrotrophic bacterium Pseudomonas frederiksbergensis SI8 to grow and degrade aromatic hydrocarbons efficiently at low temperature is shown in this study. The robust growth of P. frederiksbergensis SI8 was demonstrated in jet fuel and an aromatic blend. The bacterium showed 2.5 to 3-fold faster growth in the aromatic blend than in jet fuel. The hydrocarbons degradation profile of P. frederiksbergensis SI8 at ambient temperature (i.e., 28 °C) and low temperature (i.e., 4 °C) was characterized by Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis. GC–MS data demonstrated that P. frederiksbergensis SI8 is a novel psychrotrophic bacterium with the ability to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons at temperatures as low as 4 °C. Specifically, P. frederiksbergensis SI8 consumed toluene, ethylbenzene, n-propylbenzene and methyl ethyl benzene efficiently. The data presented here serves to characterize the hydrocarbon degradation profile of P. frederiksbergensis SI8 and corroborates the capacity of this bacterium to degrade aromatic hydrocarbons at low temperatures. The raw GC–MS data for the degradation of hydrocarbons by P. frederiksbergensis SI8 grown at 4 °C and 28 °C for 14 days have been deposited in Mendeley Data and can be retrieved from https://dx.doi.org/10.17632/z9292bvdmh.1 and https://dx.doi.org/10.17632/dp3sgwpj23.1. The datasets and raw data presented here were associated with the main research work “Metagenomic characterization reveals complex association of soil hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria” [1].
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar N Ruiz
- Fuels and Energy Branch, Aerospace Systems Directorate, Air Force Research Laboratory, Wright-Patterson AFB, OH, USA
| | - Osman Radwan
- Environmental Microbiology Group, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH, USA
| | - Richard C Striebich
- Fuel Science Group, University of Dayton Research Institute, Dayton, OH, USA
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12
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Ben Maamar M, Nilsson E, Thorson JLM, Beck D, Skinner MK. Epigenome-wide association study for transgenerational disease sperm epimutation biomarkers following ancestral exposure to jet fuel hydrocarbons. Reprod Toxicol 2020; 98:61-74. [PMID: 32905848 PMCID: PMC7736201 DOI: 10.1016/j.reprotox.2020.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Jet fuel hydrocarbons is the generic name for aviation fuels used in gas-turbine engine powered aircraft. The Deepwater Horizon oil rig explosion created the largest environmental disaster in U.S. history, and the second largest oil spill in human history with over 800 million liters of hydrocarbons released into the Gulf of Mexico over a period of 3 months. Due to the widespread use of jet fuel hydrocarbons, this compound mixture has been recognized as the single largest chemical exposure for military personnel. Previous animal studies have demonstrated the ability of jet fuel (JP-8) exposure to promote the epigenetic transgenerational inheritance of disease susceptibility in subsequent generations. The diseases observed include late puberty, kidney, obesity and multiple disease pathologies. The current study is distinct and was designed to identify potential sperm DNA methylation biomarkers for specific transgenerational diseases. Observations show disease specific differential DNA methylation regions (DMRs) called epimutations in the transgenerational F3 generation great-grand-offspring male rats ancestrally exposed to jet fuel. The potential epigenetic DMR biomarkers were identified for late puberty, kidney, obesity, and multiple diseases, and found to be predominantly disease specific. These disease specific DMRs have associated genes that were previously shown to be linked with each of these specific diseases. Therefore, the germline (i.e. sperm) has environmentally induced ancestrally derived epimutations that have the potential to transgenerationally transmit disease susceptibilities to subsequent generations. Epigenetic biomarkers for specific diseases could be developed as medical diagnostics to facilitate clinical management of disease, and allow preventative medicine therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Millissia Ben Maamar
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Eric Nilsson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Jennifer L M Thorson
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Daniel Beck
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA
| | - Michael K Skinner
- Center for Reproductive Biology, School of Biological Sciences, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, 99164-4236, USA.
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13
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Geiselman GM, Kirby J, Landera A, Otoupal P, Papa G, Barcelos C, Sundstrom ER, Das L, Magurudeniya HD, Wehrs M, Rodriguez A, Simmons BA, Magnuson JK, Mukhopadhyay A, Lee TS, George A, Gladden JM. Conversion of poplar biomass into high-energy density tricyclic sesquiterpene jet fuel blendstocks. Microb Cell Fact 2020; 19:208. [PMID: 33183275 PMCID: PMC7659065 DOI: 10.1186/s12934-020-01456-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background In an effort to ensure future energy security, reduce greenhouse gas emissions and create domestic jobs, the US has invested in technologies to develop sustainable biofuels and bioproducts from renewable carbon sources such as lignocellulosic biomass. Bio-derived jet fuel is of particular interest as aviation is less amenable to electrification compared to other modes of transportation and synthetic biology provides the ability to tailor fuel properties to enhance performance. Specific energy and energy density are important properties in determining the attractiveness of potential bio-derived jet fuels. For example, increased energy content can give the industry options such as longer range, higher load or reduced takeoff weight. Energy-dense sesquiterpenes have been identified as potential next-generation jet fuels that can be renewably produced from lignocellulosic biomass. Results We developed a biomass deconstruction and conversion process that enabled the production of two tricyclic sesquiterpenes, epi-isozizaene and prespatane, from the woody biomass poplar using the versatile basidiomycete Rhodosporidium toruloides. We demonstrated terpene production at both bench and bioreactor scales, with prespatane titers reaching 1173.6 mg/L when grown in poplar hydrolysate in a 2 L bioreactor. Additionally, we examined the theoretical fuel properties of prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states as blending options for jet fuel, and compared them to aviation fuel, Jet A. Conclusion Our findings indicate that prespatane and epi-isozizaene in their hydrogenated states would be attractive blending options in Jet A or other lower density renewable jet fuels as they would improve viscosity and increase their energy density. Saturated epi-isozizaene and saturated prespatane have energy densities that are 16.6 and 18.8% higher than Jet A, respectively. These results highlight the potential of R. toruloides as a production host for the sustainable and scalable production of bio-derived jet fuel blends, and this is the first report of prespatane as an alternative jet fuel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina M Geiselman
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - James Kirby
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Alexander Landera
- Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Peter Otoupal
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Gabriella Papa
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Carolina Barcelos
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Eric R Sundstrom
- Advanced Biofuels and Bioproducts Process Development Unit, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Lalitendu Das
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Harsha D Magurudeniya
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Maren Wehrs
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Alberto Rodriguez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - Blake A Simmons
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Jon K Magnuson
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, WA, 99354, USA
| | - Aindrila Mukhopadhyay
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA.,Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biological Systems and Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA, 94720, USA
| | - Anthe George
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.,Biomass Science and Conversion Technology Department, Sandia National Laboratories,, Livermore, CA, 94551, USA
| | - John M Gladden
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Emeryville, CA, 94608, USA.
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14
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Shahabuddin M, Alam MT, Krishna BB, Bhaskar T, Perkins G. A review on the production of renewable aviation fuels from the gasification of biomass and residual wastes. Bioresour Technol 2020; 312:123596. [PMID: 32507633 PMCID: PMC7255753 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2020.123596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
This article reviews the production of renewable aviation fuels from biomass and residual wastes using gasification followed by syngas conditioning and Fischer-Tropsch catalytic synthesis. The challenges involved with gasifying wastes are discussed along with a summary of conventional and emerging gasification technologies. The techniques for conditioning syngas including removal of particulate matter, tars, sulphur, carbon dioxide, compounds of nitrogen, chlorine and alkali metals are reported. Recent developments in Fischer-Tropsch synthesis, such as new catalyst formulations are described alongside reactor technologies for producing renewable aviation fuels. The energy efficiency and capital cost of converting biomass and residual wastes to aviation fuels are major barriers to widespread adoption. Therefore, further development of advanced technologies will be critical for the aviation industry to achieve their stated greenhouse gas reduction targets by 2050.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Shahabuddin
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Md Tanvir Alam
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton 3800, Australia
| | - Bhavya B Krishna
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Thallada Bhaskar
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR) at CSIR - Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India; Material Resource Efficiency Division (MRED), CSIR-Indian Institute of Petroleum (IIP), Dehradun 248005, Uttarakhand, India
| | - Greg Perkins
- Martin Parry Technology, Brisbane 4001, Australia; School of Chemical Engineering, The University of Queensland, Brisbane 4072, Australia.
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15
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Huo E, Lei H, Liu C, Zhang Y, Xin L, Zhao Y, Qian M, Zhang Q, Lin X, Wang C, Mateo W, Villota EM, Ruan R. Jet fuel and hydrogen produced from waste plastics catalytic pyrolysis with activated carbon and MgO. Sci Total Environ 2020; 727:138411. [PMID: 32334209 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2020] [Revised: 03/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Catalytic pyrolysis of waste plastics to produce jet fuel and hydrogen using activated carbon and MgO as catalysts was studied. The effects of catalyst to waste plastics ratio experimental temperature, catalyst placement and activated carbon to MgO ratio on the yields and distributions of pyrolysis products were studied. The placement of catalysts played an important role on the catalytic pyrolysis of LDPE, and the pyrolytic volatiles first flowing through MgO and then biomass-derived activated carbon (BAC) could obtain an excellent result to produce H2 and jet fuel-rich products. The higher pyrolysis temperature converted diesel range alkanes into jet fuel range alkanes and promoted the aromatization of alkanes to generate aromatic hydrocarbons. BAC and MgO as catalysts had excellent performance in catalytic conversion of LDPE to produce hydrogen and jet fuel. 100 area.% jet fuel range products can be obtained in LDPE catalytic pyrolysis under desired experimental conditions. The combination of BAC and MgO as catalysts had a synergy effect on the gaseous product distribution and promoted the production of hydrogen, and up to 94.8 vol% of the obtained gaseous components belonged to hydrogen. This work provided an effective, convenient and economical pathway to produce jet fuel and hydrogen from waste plastics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erguang Huo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA; Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Hanwu Lei
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA.
| | - Chao Liu
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yayun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemical Engineering, East China University of Science and Technology, Shanghai 200237, China
| | - Liyong Xin
- Key Laboratory of Low-grade Energy Utilization Technologies and Systems, Ministry of Education, School of Energy and Power Engineering, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400030, China
| | - Yunfeng Zhao
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Moriko Qian
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Qingfa Zhang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA; School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Xiaona Lin
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA; School of Agricultural Engineering and Food Science, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255000, China
| | - Chenxi Wang
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Wendy Mateo
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Elmar M Villota
- Department of Biological Systems Engineering, Washington State University, Richland, WA 99354-1671, USA
| | - Roger Ruan
- Center for Biorefining and Department of Bioproducts and Biosystems Engineering, University of Minnesota, 1390 Eckles Ave., St. Paul, MN 55108, USA
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16
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Loukopoulos-Kousis V, Chrysikopoulos CV. Use of GreenZyme® for remediation of porous media polluted with jet fuel JP-5. Environ Technol 2020; 41:277-286. [PMID: 29969373 DOI: 10.1080/09593330.2018.1497092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2018] [Accepted: 06/26/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Jet fuel may be released in the environment either by in-flight fuel jettisoning (fuel dumping) or accidentally from spills and leaks, and eventually can reach subsurface formations where it can remain as long-term source of pollution. Remediation of aquifers contaminated by jet fuels is not a trivial task. This experimental study examined the effectiveness of a water-soluble, DNA-protein-based biodegradable non-living catalyst, with commercial name GreenZyme® for the remediation of water saturated porous media polluted with jet fuel (JP-5). Also for comparison purposes, the commercial surfactant sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS) was used. Bench scale experiments were conducted in a glass column packed with glass beads. The migration of JP-5 in the glass column under various conditions, with and without the presence of GreenZyme® was monitored by a well-established photographic method. Digital photographs of the packed column were captured under fluorescent lighting. The fluorescent intensity of JP-5 dyed with Red Oil O within the column was analyzed using the Matlab Image Processing Toolbox. The colour intensities were converted to concentrations via appropriate calibration curves. The experimental results suggested that GreenZyme® was an efficient biosurfactant capable of enhancing significantly the migration of JP-5 in the glass column, which performed considerably better that SDS under the experimental conditions of this study.
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17
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Iwasaki K, Kaneko A, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa T, Noothalapati H, Yamamoto T. Visualizing wax ester fermentation in single Euglena gracilis cells by Raman microspectroscopy and multivariate curve resolution analysis. Biotechnol Biofuels 2019; 12:128. [PMID: 31139258 PMCID: PMC6529988 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-019-1471-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 05/16/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Global demand for energy is on the rise at a time when limited natural resources are fast depleting. To address this issue, microalgal biofuels are being recommended as a renewable and eco-friendly substitute for fossil fuels. Euglena gracilis is one such candidate that has received special interest due to their ability to synthesize wax esters that serve as precursors for production of drop-in jet fuel. However, to realize economic viability and achieve industrial-scale production, development of novel methods to characterize algal cells, evaluate its culture conditions, and construct appropriate genetically modified strains is necessary. Here, we report a Raman microspectroscopy-based method to visualize important metabolites such as paramylon and ester during wax ester fermentation in single Euglena gracilis cells in a label-free manner. RESULTS We measured Raman spectra to obtain intracellular biomolecular information in Euglena under anaerobic condition. First, by univariate approach, we identified Raman markers corresponding to paramylon/esters and constructed their time-lapse chemical images. However, univariate analysis is severely limited in its ability to obtain detailed information as several molecules can contribute to a Raman band. Therefore, we further employed multivariate curve resolution analysis to obtain chain length-specific information and their abundance images of the produced esters. Accumulated esters in Euglena were particularly identified to be myristyl myristate (C28), a wax ester candidate suitable to prepare drop-in jet fuel. Interestingly, we found accumulation of two different forms of myristyl myristate for the first time in Euglena through our exploratory multivariate analysis. CONCLUSIONS We succeeded in visualizing molecular-specific information in Euglena during wax ester fermentation by Raman microspectroscopy. It is obvious from our results that simple univariate approach is insufficient and that multivariate curve resolution analysis is crucial to extract hidden information from Raman spectra. Even though we have not measured any mutants in this study, our approach is directly applicable to other systems and is expected to deepen the knowledge on lipid metabolism in microalgae, which eventually leads to new strategies that will help to enhance biofuel production efficiency in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keita Iwasaki
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, Tottori, 680-8550 Japan
| | - Asuka Kaneko
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Yuji Tanaka
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
- Core Research for Evolutional Science and Technology (CREST), Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Kawaguchi, 332-0012 Japan
| | - Hemanth Noothalapati
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
| | - Tatsuyuki Yamamoto
- Faculty of Life and Environmental Science, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
- Raman Project Center for Medical and Biological Applications, Shimane University, Matsue, 690-8504 Japan
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18
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Sugawara T, Chinzei M, Numano S, Kitazaki C, Asayama M. Flocculation and pentadecane production of a novel filamentous cyanobacterium Limnothrix sp. strain SK1-2-1. Biotechnol Lett 2018; 40:829-836. [PMID: 29508163 DOI: 10.1007/s10529-018-2525-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A novel filamentous cyanobacterium, a photosynthesizing microorganism, was isolated from a river, and its unique features of flocculation and pentadecane production were characterized. RESULTS Microscopic observations and a phylogenetic analysis with 16S rDNA revealed that this strain was a Limnothrix species denoted as the SK1-2-1 strain. Auto cell-flocculation was observed when this strain was exposed to a two-step incubation involving a standing cultivation following a shaking preincubation. Flocculation was enhanced by blue light at a wavelength at 470 nm and irradiation for several hours to 1 day. Moreover, the strain exhibiting exponential cell growth may preferentially accumulate alkanes as pentadecane C15H32 alkane, which may be used as jet fuel, at a range of approximately 1% in the dry cell weight of flocculated cells. CONCLUSION This is the first study on biofuel production using flocculated cells in which the specific manner of production may be regulated by cultivation conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sugawara
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Mariko Chinzei
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Setsuko Numano
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Chifumi Kitazaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan
| | - Munehiko Asayama
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, College of Agriculture, Ibaraki University, 3-21-1 Ami, Ibaraki, 300-0393, Japan. .,Japan Science and Technology Agency (JST), Precursory Research for Embryonic Science and Technology (PRESTO), 4-1-8 Honcho Kawaguchi, Saitama, 332-0012, Japan. .,United Graduate School of Agricultural Science, Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, 3-5-8 Saiwaicho Fuchu, Tokyo, 183-8509, Japan.
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19
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Liu CL, Tian T, Alonso-Gutierrez J, Garabedian B, Wang S, Baidoo EEK, Benites V, Chen Y, Petzold CJ, Adams PD, Keasling JD, Tan T, Lee TS. Renewable production of high density jet fuel precursor sesquiterpenes from Escherichia coli. Biotechnol Biofuels 2018; 11:285. [PMID: 30377444 PMCID: PMC6195743 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-018-1272-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 05/09/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aviation fuels are an important target of biofuels research due to their high market demand and competitive price. Isoprenoids have been demonstrated as good feedstocks for advanced renewable jet fuels with high energy density, high heat of combustion, and excellent cold-weather performance. In particular, sesquiterpene compounds (C15), such as farnesene and bisabolene, have been identified as promising jet fuel candidates. RESULTS In this study, we explored three sesquiterpenes-epi-isozizaene, pentalenene and α-isocomene-as novel jet fuel precursors. We performed a computational analysis to calculate the energy of combustion of these sesquiterpenes and found that their specific energies are comparable to commercial jet fuel A-1. Through heterologous MVA pathway expression and promoter engineering, we produced 727.9 mg/L epi-isozizaene, 780.3 mg/L pentalenene and 77.5 mg/L α-isocomene in Escherichia coli and 344 mg/L pentalenene in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. We also introduced a dynamic autoinduction system using previously identified FPP-responsive promoters for inducer-free production and managed to achieve comparable amounts of each compound. CONCLUSION We produced tricyclic sesquiterpenes epi-isozizaene, pentalenene and α-isocomene, promising jet fuel feedstocks at high production titers, providing novel, sustainable alternatives to petroleum-based jet fuels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chun-Li Liu
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Tian Tian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jorge Alonso-Gutierrez
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Brett Garabedian
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Shuai Wang
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Edward E. K. Baidoo
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Veronica Benites
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Yan Chen
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Christopher J. Petzold
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Paul D. Adams
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
| | - Jay D. Keasling
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Bioengineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
- The Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Biosustainability, Technical University of Denmark, Lyngby, Denmark
- Center for Synthetic Biochemistry, Shenzhen Institutes for Advanced Technologies, Shenzhen, China
| | - Tianwei Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, Beijing University of Chemical Technology, Beijing, 100029 People’s Republic of China
| | - Taek Soon Lee
- Joint BioEnergy Institute, 5885 Hollis Street, 4th Floor, Emeryville, CA 94608 USA
- Biological Systems & Engineering Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720 USA
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20
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Schenk J, Mao JX, Smuts J, Walsh P, Kroll P, Schug KA. Analysis and deconvolution of dimethylnaphthalene isomers using gas chromatography vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy and theoretical computations. Anal Chim Acta 2016; 945:1-8. [PMID: 27968710 DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2016.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2016] [Revised: 09/09/2016] [Accepted: 09/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
An issue with most gas chromatographic detectors is their inability to deconvolve coeluting isomers. Dimethylnaphthalenes are a class of compounds that can be particularly difficult to speciate by gas chromatography - mass spectrometry analysis, because of their significant coelution and similar mass spectra. As an alternative, a vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopic detector paired with gas chromatography was used to study the systematic deconvolution of mixtures of coeluting isomers of dimethylnaphthalenes. Various ratio combinations of 75:25; 50:50; 25:75; 20:80; 10:90; 5:95; and 1:99 were prepared to test the accuracy, precision, and sensitivity of the detector for distinguishing overlapping isomers that had distinct, but very similar absorption spectra. It was found that, under reasonable injection conditions, all of the pairwise overlapping isomers tested could be deconvoluted up to nearly two orders of magnitude (up to 99:1) in relative abundance. These experimental deconvolution values were in agreement with theoretical covariance calculations performed for two of the dimethylnaphthalene isomers. Covariance calculations estimated high picogram detection limits for a minor isomer coeluting with low to mid-nanogram quantity of a more abundant isomer. Further characterization of the analytes was performed using density functional theory computations to compare theory with experimental measurements. Additionally, gas chromatography - vacuum ultraviolet spectroscopy was shown to be able to speciate dimethylnaphthalenes in jet and diesel fuel samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie Schenk
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - James X Mao
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Jonathan Smuts
- VUV Analytics, Inc., Cedar Park, TX 78613, United States
| | - Phillip Walsh
- VUV Analytics, Inc., Cedar Park, TX 78613, United States
| | - Peter Kroll
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States
| | - Kevin A Schug
- Department of Chemistry & Biochemistry, The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX 76019, United States.
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21
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Turner PA, Lim SH. Hedging jet fuel price risk: The case of U.S. passenger airlines. J Air Transp Manag 2015; 44:54-64. [PMID: 32572320 PMCID: PMC7147842 DOI: 10.1016/j.jairtraman.2015.02.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2014] [Revised: 01/12/2015] [Accepted: 02/17/2015] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Jet fuel accounts for a large portion of passenger airlines' operating costs, and airlines' earnings are susceptible to swings in the price of jet fuel. This study uses daily data over the past two decades to determine the minimum variance hedge ratio for airlines wishing to hedge jet fuel price risk with futures, while also establishing the best cross hedging asset. Airlines hedging with futures would create the most effective hedge by using heating oil futures contracts with a 3-month maturity. We also find that beyond the 3-month veil, increased time to maturity makes heating oil less effective as a cross hedge proxy for jet fuel. However, both in-sample analysis and Monte Carlo simulation results with daily data show that none of the 4 cross hedge proxies, including heating oil, can be considered highly effective.
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22
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Sinha M, Sørensen A, Ahamed A, Ahring BK. Production of hydrocarbons by Aspergillus carbonarius ITEM 5010. Fungal Biol 2015; 119:274-82. [PMID: 25813514 DOI: 10.1016/j.funbio.2015.01.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2014] [Revised: 10/09/2014] [Accepted: 01/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The filamentous fungus, Asperigillus carbonarius, is able to produce a series of hydrocarbons in liquid culture using lignocellulosic biomasses, such as corn stover and switch grass as carbon source. The hydrocarbons produced by the fungus show similarity to jet fuel composition and might have industrial application. The production of hydrocarbons was found to be dependent on type of media used. Therefore, ten different carbon sources (oat meal, wheat bran, glucose, carboxymethyl cellulose, avicel, xylan, corn stover, switch grass, pretreated corn stover, and pretreated switch grass) were tested to identify the maximum number and quantity of hydrocarbons produced. Several hydrocarbons were produced include undecane, dodecane, tetradecane, hexadecane 2,4-dimethylhexane, 4-methylheptane, 3-methyl-1-butanol, ethyl benzene, o-xylene. Oatmeal was found to be the carbon source resulting in the largest amounts of hydrocarbon products. The production of fungal hydrocarbons, especially from lignocellulosic biomasses, holds a great potential for future biofuel production whenever our knowledge on regulators and pathways increases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Malavika Sinha
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Annette Sørensen
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA; Section for Sustainable Biotechnology, Aalborg University Copenhagen, AC Meyers Vaenge 15, DK-2450 Copenhagen SV, Denmark
| | - Aftab Ahamed
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA
| | - Birgitte Kiær Ahring
- Bioproducts, Sciences, and Engineering Laboratory, Washington State University, 2710 Crimson Way, Richland, WA 99354, USA.
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Wang HY, Bluck D, Van Wie BJ. Conversion of microalgae to jet fuel: process design and simulation. Bioresour Technol 2014; 167:349-357. [PMID: 24997379 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.05.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2014] [Revised: 05/23/2014] [Accepted: 05/24/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Microalgae's aquatic, non-edible, highly genetically modifiable nature and fast growth rate are considered ideal for biomass conversion to liquid fuels providing promise for future shortages in fossil fuels and for reducing greenhouse gas and pollutant emissions from combustion. We demonstrate adaptability of PRO/II software by simulating a microalgae photo-bio-reactor and thermolysis with fixed conversion isothermal reactors adding a heat exchanger for thermolysis. We model a cooling tower and gas floatation with zero-duty flash drums adding solids removal for floatation. Properties data are from PRO/II's thermodynamic data manager. Hydrotreating is analyzed within PRO/II's case study option, made subject to Jet B fuel constraints, and we determine an optimal 6.8% bioleum bypass ratio, 230°C hydrotreater temperature, and 20:1 bottoms to overhead distillation ratio. Process economic feasibility occurs if cheap CO2, H2O and nutrient resources are available, along with solar energy and energy from byproduct combustion, and hydrotreater H2 from product reforming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Yuan Wang
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States
| | - David Bluck
- Schneider Electric S.A., Lake Forest, CA 92630, United States
| | - Bernard J Van Wie
- The Gene & Linda Voiland School of Chemical Engineering and Bioengineering, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, United States.
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24
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Sivakumar G, Jeong K, Lay JO. Bioprocessing of Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011. Biotechnol Biofuels 2014; 7:62. [PMID: 24731690 PMCID: PMC4022374 DOI: 10.1186/1754-6834-7-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Globally, the development of a cost-effective long-term renewable energy infrastructure is one of the most challenging problems faced by society today. Microalgae are rich in potential biofuel substrates such as lipids, including triacylglycerols (TAGs). Some of these algae also biosynthesize small molecule hydrocarbons. These hydrocarbons can often be used as liquid fuels, often with more versatility and by a more direct approach than some TAGs. However, the appropriate TAGs, accumulated from microalgae biomass, can be used as substrates for different kinds of renewable liquid fuels such as biodiesel and jet fuel. RESULTS This article describes the isolation and identification of a lipid-rich, hydrocarbon-producing alga, Stichococcus bacillaris strain siva2011, together with its bioprocessing, hydrocarbon and fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) profiles. The S. bacillaris strain siva2011 was scaled-up in an 8 L bioreactor with 0.2% CO2. The C16:0, C16:3, C18:1, C18:2 and C18:3 were 112.2, 9.4, 51.3, 74.1 and 69.2 mg/g dry weight (DW), respectively. This new strain produced a significant amount of biomass of 3.79 g/L DW on day 6 in the 8 L bioreactor and also produced three hydrocarbons. CONCLUSIONS A new oil-rich microalga S. bacillaris strain siva2011 was discovered and its biomass has been scaled-up in a newly designed balloon-type bioreactor. The TAGs and hydrocarbons produced by this organism could be used as substrates for jet fuel or biodiesel.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ganapathy Sivakumar
- Arkansas Biosciences Institute and College of Agriculture and Technology, Arkansas State University, PO Box 639, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Kwangkook Jeong
- College of Engineering, Arkansas State University, Jonesboro, AR 72401, USA
| | - Jackson O Lay
- Arkansas Statewide Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA
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Cheng J, Li T, Huang R, Zhou J, Cen K. Optimizing catalysis conditions to decrease aromatic hydrocarbons and increase alkanes for improving jet biofuel quality. Bioresour Technol 2014; 158:378-382. [PMID: 24656484 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.02.112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2014] [Revised: 02/21/2014] [Accepted: 02/25/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
To produce quality jet biofuel with high amount of alkanes and low amount of aromatic hydrocarbons, two zeolites of HY and HZSM-5 supporting Ni and Mo were used as catalysts to convert soybean oil into jet fuel. Zeolite HY exhibited higher jet range alkane selectivity (40.3%) and lower jet range aromatic hydrocarbon selectivity (23.8%) than zeolite HZSM-5 (13.8% and 58.9%). When reaction temperature increased from 330 to 390°C, yield of jet fuel over Ni-Mo/HY catalyst at 4 MPa hydrogen pressure increased from 0% to 49.1% due to the shift of reaction pathway from oligomerization to cracking reaction. Further increase of reaction temperature from 390 to 410°C resulted in increased yield of jet range aromatic hydrocarbons from 18.7% to 30%, which decreased jet fuel quality. A high yield of jet fuel (48.2%) was obtained at 1 MPa low hydrogen pressure over Ni (8 wt.%)-Mo (12 wt.%)/HY catalyst.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Cheng
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China.
| | - Tao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Rui Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Junhu Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
| | - Kefa Cen
- State Key Laboratory of Clean Energy Utilization, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China
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