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Wang J, Millstein J, Yang Y, Stintzing S, Arai H, Battaglin F, Kawanishi N, Soni S, Zhang W, Mancao C, Cremolini C, Liu T, Heinemann V, Falcone A, Shen L, Lenz HJ. Impact of genetic variants involved in the lipid metabolism pathway on progression free survival in patients receiving bevacizumab-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer: a retrospective analysis of FIRE-3 and MAVERICC trials. EClinicalMedicine 2023; 57:101827. [PMID: 36816347 PMCID: PMC9932345 DOI: 10.1016/j.eclinm.2023.101827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Revised: 01/02/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2023] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Antiangiogenic drug (AAD)-triggered oxygen and nutrient depletion through suppression of angiogenesis switches glucose-dependent to lipid-dependent metabolism. Blocking fatty acid oxidation can enhance AAD-mediated anti-tumor effects in colorectal cancer (CRC). Therefore, we hypothesised that genetic variants in the lipid metabolism pathway may predict clinical outcomes [overall response rate (ORR), overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS)] in metastatic CRC (mCRC) patients receiving bevacizumab-based first-line treatment. METHODS Genomic DNA from blood samples of patients enrolled in FIRE-3 (a global, randomised, open-label, phase 3 trial, between 2007-6-23 and 2012-9-19, discovery cohort: FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arm, n = 107; control cohort: FOLFIRI/cetuximab arm, n = 129) and MAVERICC (a global, randomised, open-label, phase II study, between 2011-8 and 2015-7, in United States, Canada, Estonia, Ireland, Switzerland, Norway, and Portugal. Validation cohort: FOLFIRI/bevacizumab arm, n = 163) trials, was genotyped using the OncoArray-500 K beadchip panel. The impact on OS and PFS of 17 selected SNPs in 7 genes involved in the lipid metabolism pathway (CD36, FABP4, LPCAT1/2, CPT1A, FASN, ACACA) was analysed using Kaplan-Meier curves, the log-rank test for univariate analyses and likelihood ratio tests of Cox proportional hazards regression parameters for multivariable analyses. ORR and SNP associations were evaluated using Chi-square or Fisher's exact tests. FINDINGS In the discovery cohort, patients with FASN rs4485435 any C allele (n = 21) showed significantly shorter PFS (median PFS: 8.69 vs 13.48 months) compared to carriers of G/G (n = 62) in multivariable (HR = 2.87; 95%CI 1.4-5.9; p = 0.00675) analysis. These data were confirmed in the validation cohort in multivariable analysis (HR = 2.07, 95%CI: 1.15-3.74; p = 0.02), but no association was observed in the cetuximab cohort of FIRE-3. In the comparison of bevacizumab vs cetuximab arm in FIRE-3, a significant interaction was shown with FASN rs4485435 (p = 0.017) on PFS. INTERPRETATION Our study demonstrates for the first time, to our knowledge, that FASN polymorphisms may predict outcome of bevacizumab-based treatment in patients with mCRC. These findings support a possible role of the lipid metabolism pathway in contributing to resistance to anti-VEGF treatment. FUNDING This work was supported by the National Cancer Institute [P30CA 014089 to H.-J.L.], Gloria Borges WunderGlo Foundation, Dhont Family Foundation, Victoria and Philip Wilson Research Fund, San Pedro Peninsula Cancer Guild, Ming Hsieh Research Fund, Eddie Mahoney Memorial Research Fund, Shanghai Sailing Program (22YF1407000), China National Postdoctoral Program for Innovative Talents (BX20220084), China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (2022M710768), National Natural Science Foundation of China (82202892).
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Key Words
- 3' UTR, 3′ untranslated regions
- ACACA, acetyl-coA carboxylase
- ADD, antiangiogenic drug
- AIM, ancestry informative markers
- Bevacizumab
- Biomarker
- CEU, Utah residents with Northern and Western European ancestry from the CEPH collection
- CORECT, Colorectal Cancer Transdisciplinary
- CPT1A, carnitine palmitoyl transferase 1A
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- Colorectal cancer
- ECOG PS, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status
- FAO, fatty acids β-oxidation
- FASN, fatty acid synthase
- LPCAT1, lysolecithin acyltransferase 1
- LPCAT2, lysolecithin acyltransferase 2
- Lipid metabolism
- MAF, minor allele frequency
- MUFA, monounsaturated fatty acids
- ORR, overall response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PFS, progression-free survival
- SNP, single nucleotide polymorphisms
- mCRC, metastatic colorectal cancer
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyuan Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
- Cancer Centre, Zhongshan Hospital Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Joshua Millstein
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Yan Yang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Sebastian Stintzing
- Department of Hematology, Oncology and Cancer Immunology (CCM), Charité- Universitaetsmedizin Berlin, Germany
| | - Hiroyuki Arai
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Francesca Battaglin
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Natsuko Kawanishi
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Shivani Soni
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wu Zhang
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Christoph Mancao
- Oncology Biomarker Development, Genentech Inc., Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Tianshu Liu
- Department of Medical Oncology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Xuhui District, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Volker Heinemann
- Department of Medicine III, University Hospital, LMU Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Alfredo Falcone
- Department of Translational Medicine, University of Pisa, Italy
| | - Lin Shen
- Key Laboratory of Carcinogenesis and Translational Research (Ministry of Education/Beijing), Department of Gastrointestinal Oncology, Peking University Cancer Hospital and Institute, 52 Fucheng Road, Haidian District, Beijing, 100142, China
| | - Heinz-Josef Lenz
- Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Corresponding author. Division of Medical Oncology, Norris Comprehensive Cancer Centre, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 1441 Eastlake Avenue, Los Angeles, CA, 90033, USA.
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Jiang T, Wang G, Liu Y, Feng L, Wang M, Liu J, Chen Y, Ouyang L. Development of small-molecule tropomyosin receptor kinase (TRK) inhibitors for NTRK fusion cancers. Acta Pharm Sin B 2021; 11:355-372. [PMID: 33643817 PMCID: PMC7893124 DOI: 10.1016/j.apsb.2020.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tropomyosin receptor kinase A, B and C (TRKA, TRKB and TRKC), which are well-known members of the cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) family, are encoded by the neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase 1, 2 and 3 (NTRK1, NTRK2 and NTRK3) genes, respectively. TRKs can regulate cell proliferation, differentiation and even apoptosis through the RAS/MAPKs, PI3K/AKT and PLCγ pathways. Gene fusions involving NTRK act as oncogenic drivers of a broad diversity of adult and pediatric tumors, and TRKs have become promising antitumor targets. Therefore, achieving a comprehensive understanding of TRKs and relevant TRK inhibitors should be urgently pursued for the further development of novel TRK inhibitors for potential clinical applications. This review focuses on summarizing the biological functions of TRKs and NTRK fusion proteins, the development of small-molecule TRK inhibitors with different chemotypes and their activity and selectivity, and the potential therapeutic applications of these inhibitors for future cancer drug discovery efforts.
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Key Words
- AFAP1, actin filament-associated protein 1
- AML, acute myeloid leukemia
- ARHGEF2, Rho/Rac guanine nucleotide exchange factor 2
- BCAN, brevican
- BDNF, brain-derived neurotrophic factor
- BTBD1, BTB (POZ) domain containing 1
- CDK-2, cyclin-dependent kinase 2
- CR, complete response
- CRC, colorectal cancer
- CTCs, sequencing of circulating tumor cells
- DFG, Asp-Phe-Gly
- DOR, durable objective responses
- ETV6, ETS translocation variant 6
- EWG, electron-withdrawing group
- FDA, U.S. Food and Drug Administration
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- GBM, glioblastoma multiforme
- HNSCC, head and neck squamous cell carcinoma
- HTS, high-throughput screening
- ICC, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma
- IG-C2, Ig-like C2 type I
- LMNA, lamin A/C
- MASC, mammary analogue secretory carcinoma
- MPRIP, myosin phosphatase Rho interacting protein
- NACC2, NACC family member 2
- NCCN, National Comprehensive Cancer Network
- NFASC, neurofascin
- NGF, nerve growth factor
- NGS, next-generation sequencing of tumor tissue
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- NT3, neurotrophin-3
- NTRK fusion cancer
- NTRK, neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase
- Neurotrophic receptor tyrosine kinase fusions
- OAK, osteoarthritis of the knee
- ORR, overall response rate
- PAN3, poly(A) nuclease 3
- PPL, periplakin
- PROTAC proteolysis targeting chimera, QKI
- RABGTPase activating protein 1-like, RFWD2
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SAR, structure–activity relationship
- SBC, secretory breast carcinoma
- SCYL3, SCY1 like pseudokinase 3
- SQSTM1, sequestosome 1
- Small-molecule inhibitor
- TFG, TRK-fused gene
- TP53, tumor protein P53
- TPM3, tropomyosin 3
- TPR, translocated promoter region
- TRIM24, tripartite motif containing 24
- TRK, tropomyosin receptor kinase
- Tropomyosin receptor kinase
- VCL, vinculin
- VEGFR2, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2
- quaking I protein, RABGAP1L
- ring finger and WD repeat domain 2, E3 ubiquitin protein ligase
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingting Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Guan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yao Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Lu Feng
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Meng Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center and Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, and Collaborative Innovation Center for Biotherapy, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Liang Ouyang
- State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy and Cancer Center, West China Hospital, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Biotherapy, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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Silva Paiva R, Gomes I, Casimiro S, Fernandes I, Costa L. c-Met expression in renal cell carcinoma with bone metastases. J Bone Oncol 2020; 25:100315. [PMID: 33024658 PMCID: PMC7527574 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2020.100315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 08/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Bone is a common metastatic site in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). HGF/c-Met pathway is particularly relevant in tumors with bone metastases. c-Met/HGF pathway is involved in RCC progression, conferring poor prognosis. Several c-Met targeting therapies are currently in clinical development. c-Met expression is an important therapeutic target in RCC with bone metastases.
Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF)/c-Met pathway is implicated in embryogenesis and organ development and differentiation. Germline or somatic mutations, chromosomal rearrangements, gene amplification, and transcriptional upregulation in MET or alterations in autocrine or paracrine c-Met signalling have been associated with cancer cell proliferation and survival, including in renal cell carcinoma (RCC), and associated with disease progression. HGF/c-Met pathway has been shown to be particularly relevant in tumors with bone metastases (BMs). However, the efficacy of targeting c-Met in bone metastatic disease, including in RCC, has not been proven. Therefore, further investigation is required focusing the particular role of HGF/c-Met pathway in bone microenvironment (BME) and how to effectively target this pathway in the context of bone metastatic disease.
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Key Words
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase gene
- AR, androgen receptor
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- AXL, AXL Receptor Tyrosine Kinase
- BME, bone microenvironment
- BMPs, bone morphogenetic proteins
- BMs, bone metastases
- BPs, Bisphosphonates
- BTAs, Bone-targeting agents
- Bone metastases
- CCL20, chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 20
- CI, confidence interval
- CRPC, Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer
- CSC, cancer stem cells
- CTC, circulating tumor cells
- CaSR, calcium/calcium-sensing receptor
- EMA, European Medicines Agency
- EMT, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition
- FDA, US Food and Drug Administration
- FLT-3, FMS-like tyrosine kinase 3
- GEJ, Gastroesophageal Junction
- HCC, Hepatocellular Carcinoma
- HGF, hepatocyte growth factor
- HGF/c-Met
- HIF, hypoxia-inducible factors
- HR, hazard ratio
- IGF, insulin-like growth factor
- IGF2BP3, insulin mRNA Binding Protein-3
- IL, interleukin
- IRC, independent review committees
- KIT, tyrosine-protein kinase KIT
- Kidney cancer
- M-CSF, macrophage colony-stimulating factor
- MET, MET proto-oncogene, receptor tyrosine kinase
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung carcinoma
- ORR, overall response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PDGF, platelet-derived growth factor
- PFS, progression free survival
- PTHrP, parathyroid hormone-related peptide
- RANKL, receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand
- RCC, renal cell carcinoma
- RET, rearranged during transfection proto-oncogene
- ROS, proto-oncogene tyrosine-protein kinase ROS
- RTK, receptor tyrosine kinase
- SCLC, Squamous Cell Lung Cancer
- SREs, skeletal-related events
- SSE, symptomatic skeletal events
- TGF-β, transforming growth factor-β
- TIE-2, Tyrosine-Protein Kinase Receptor TIE-2
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- TRKB, Tropomyosin receptor kinase B
- Targeted therapy
- VEGFR, vascular endothelial growth factor receptor
- VHL, Hippel-Lindau tumor suppressor gene
- ZA, zoledronic acid
- ccRCC, clear-cell RCC
- mAb, monoclonal antibodies
- pRCC, papillary renal cell carcinoma
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita Silva Paiva
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês Gomes
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Sandra Casimiro
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Isabel Fernandes
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - Luís Costa
- Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, CHULN, 1649-035 Lisboa, Portugal
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular - João Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, 1649-028 Lisbon, Portugal
- Corresponding author at: Oncology Division, Hospital de Santa Maria, 1649-035 Lisbon, Portugal.
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Hadji P, Stoetzer O, Decker T, Kurbacher CM, Marmé F, Schneeweiss A, Mundhenke C, Distelrath A, Fasching PA, Lux MP, Lüftner D, Janni W, Muth M, Kreuzeder J, Quiering C, Grischke EM, Tesch H. The impact of mammalian target of rapamycin inhibition on bone health in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive advanced breast cancer receiving everolimus plus exemestane in the phase IIIb 4EVER trial. J Bone Oncol 2018; 14:010-10. [PMID: 30515367 PMCID: PMC6263089 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbo.2018.09.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/26/2018] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Breast cancer and its treatments are associated with a detrimental effect on bone health. Here we report the results of an exploratory analysis assessing changes in levels of biomarkers of bone metabolism in patients enrolled in the phase IIIb 4EVER study. Methods The 4EVER trial investigated everolimus in combination with exemestane in postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative locally advanced or metastatic breast cancer. In this prespecified exploratory analysis, changes in biomarkers of bone turnover were assessed in patients from baseline to weeks 4, 12, and 24. The serum bone markers assessed were procollagen type 1 N-terminal propeptide (P1NP), C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen (CTX), osteocalcin, parathyroid hormone (PTH), and 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25-OH-vitamin D). On-treatment changes in bone markers over time were described per subgroup of interest and efficacy outcomes. Results Bone marker data were available for 241 of 299 enrolled patients. At the final assessment, P1NP, osteocalcin, PTH, 25-OH-vitamin D (all P < 0.001), and CTX (P = 0.036) were significantly decreased from baseline values per the Wilcoxon signed-rank test. At the last assessment (24 weeks or earlier), levels of serum CTX and PTH were significantly lower (P = 0.009 and P = 0.034, respectively) among patients with vs. without prior antiresorptive treatment (ART). Serum CTX levels were significantly lower (P < 0.001), and 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations significantly higher (P = 0.029), at the last postbaseline assessment in patients receiving concomitant ART vs. those without ART. Changes from baseline in PTH and 25-OH-vitamin D concentrations to the final assessment were significantly smaller in patients with prior ART. Lower baseline serum concentrations of osteocalcin and PTH were associated with clinical response (partial vs. non-response) at 24 weeks. High serum levels of CTX and P1NP at baseline were risk factors for progression at 12 weeks. Conclusions These exploratory analyses support use of everolimus plus exemestane for the treatment of postmenopausal women with hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative advanced breast cancer, and add to the body of evidence suggesting a potentially favorable impact of everolimus on bone turnover. Trial registration NCT01626222. Registered 22 June 2012, https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01626222.
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Key Words
- 25-OH-vitamin D, 25-hydroxyvitamin D
- Art, antiresorptive therapy
- BSAP, bone-specific alkaline phosphatase
- Bone health
- Bone marker
- Breast cancer
- CI, confidence interval
- CR, complete response
- CTX, C-terminal cross-linking telopeptide of type 1 collagen
- Everolimus
- HER2-negative, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative
- HR, hazard ratio
- HR +, hormone receptor-positive
- Hormone receptor-positive
- Mammalian target of rapamycin
- NSAI, non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor
- OR, overall response
- ORR, overall response rate
- ORR24w, overall response rate within the first 24 weeks of treatment
- P1NP, procollagen type 1 N-terminal peptide
- PFS, progression-free survival
- PR, partial response
- PTH, parathyroid hormone
- SD, standard deviation
- SRE, skeletal-related event
- mTOR, mammalian target of rapamycin
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Affiliation(s)
- Peyman Hadji
- Department of Bone Oncology, Endocrinology and Reproductive Medicine, North West Hospital, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Frankfurt am Main, Germany.,Philipps University of Marburg, Steinbacher Hohl 2-26, 60488 Marburg Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Oliver Stoetzer
- Haematology and Oncology, Outpatient Cancer Care Center, Munich, Germany
| | | | | | - Frederik Marmé
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | | | - Christoph Mundhenke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University Hospital Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrea Distelrath
- Praxisgemeinschaft für Onkologie und Urologie, Facharztzentrum am Meer, Friedrich-Paffrath-Str. 98, 26389 Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Peter A Fasching
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Michael P Lux
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University Hospital Erlangen, Comprehensive Cancer Center Erlangen-EMN, Friedrich-Alexander University Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Diana Lüftner
- Medical Department for Haematology, Oncology, and Tumor Immunology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Wolfgang Janni
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | | | | | | | - Eva-Marie Grischke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Hans Tesch
- Department of Oncology, Bethanien Hospital, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
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Reusch U, Duell J, Ellwanger K, Herbrecht C, Knackmuss SH, Fucek I, Eser M, McAleese F, Molkenthin V, Gall FL, Topp M, Little M, Zhukovsky EA. A tetravalent bispecific TandAb (CD19/CD3), AFM11, efficiently recruits T cells for the potent lysis of CD19(+) tumor cells. MAbs 2016; 7:584-604. [PMID: 25875246 DOI: 10.1080/19420862.2015.1029216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
To harness the potent tumor-killing capacity of T cells for the treatment of CD19(+) malignancies, we constructed AFM11, a humanized tetravalent bispecific CD19/CD3 tandem diabody (TandAb) consisting solely of Fv domains. The molecule exhibits good manufacturability and stability properties. AFM11 has 2 binding sites for CD3 and 2 for CD19, an antigen that is expressed from early B cell development through differentiation into plasma cells, and is an attractive alternative to CD20 as a target for the development of therapeutic antibodies to treat B cell malignancies. Comparison of the binding and cytotoxicity of AFM11 with those of a tandem scFv bispecific T cell engager (BiTE) molecule targeting the same antigens revealed that AFM11 elicited more potent in vitro B cell lysis. Though possessing high affinity to CD3, the TandAb mediates serial-killing of CD19(+) cells with little dependence of potency or efficacy upon effector:target ratio, unlike the BiTE. The advantage of the TandAb over the BiTE was most pronounced at lower effector:target ratios. AFM11 mediated strictly target-dependent T cell activation evidenced by CD25 and CD69 induction, proliferation, and cytokine release, notwithstanding bivalent CD3 engagement. In a NOD/scid xenograft model, AFM11 induced dose-dependent growth inhibition of Raji tumors in vivo, and radiolabeled TandAb exhibited excellent localization to tumor but not to normal tissue. After intravenous administration in mice, half-life ranged from 18.4 to 22.9 h. In a human ex vivo B-cell chronic lymphocytic leukemia study, AFM11 exhibited substantial cytotoxic activity in an autologous setting. Thus, AFM11 may represent a promising therapeutic for treatment of CD19(+) malignancies with an advantageous safety risk profile and anticipated dosing regimen.
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Key Words
- ALL
- AUCtot, total area under the curve
- B-ALL, B-precursor acute lymphoblastic leukemia
- BBB, blood-brain barrier
- BiTE, bispecific T cell engager
- CAR, chimeric antigen receptor
- CCS, cell culture supernatant
- CD, cluster of differentiation
- CD3
- CDR, complementarity determining region
- CHO, Chinese hamster ovary
- CL, clearance
- CLL, chronic lymphocytic leukemia
- CNS, central nervous system
- Cmax, maximal concentration
- DMSO, dimethyl sulfoxide
- E:T, effector:target
- EC50, half maximal effective concentration
- ECL, electrochemiluminescence
- F, fluorescence
- FACS, fluorescence-activated cell sorting
- FCS, fetal calf serum
- FR, framework region
- Fab, fragment antigen-binding
- Fc, fragment crystallizable
- FcRn, neonatal Fc receptor
- FcgR, Fc gamma receptor
- Fv, variable fragment
- HMF, high molecular weight forms
- HSA, human serum albumin
- His, histidine
- IFN, interferon
- IL, interleukin
- IgG, immunoglobulin G
- KD, dissociation constant
- LMF, low molecular weight forms
- MSD, MesoScale Discovery
- MWCO, molecular weight cut-off
- NHL, non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- NK, natural killer
- NOD/scid, nonobese diabetic/severe combined immunodeficiency
- Non-Hodgkin lymphoma
- ORR, overall response rate
- PBMC, peripheral blood mononuclear cell
- PBS, phosphate buffered saline
- PES, polyethersulfone
- PHA, phytohemagglutinin
- PI, propidium iodide
- SABC, standardized antibody binding capacity
- SD, standard deviation
- SDS-PAGE, sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis
- SE-HPLC, size exclusion high-pressure liquid chromatography
- SEC, size exclusion chromatography
- SPR, surface plasmon resonance
- T cells
- TNF, tumor necrosis factor
- TandAb, tandem diabody
- VH, variable heavy
- VL, variable light
- Vss, volume of distribution at steady state
- WBA, whole body autoradiography
- bispecific antibodies
- ctrl., control
- i.v., intravenous
- ka, association rate constant
- kd, dissociation rate constant
- s.c., subcutaneous
- scFv, single-chain variable fragment
- t1/2, terminal elimination half-life
- w/o, without
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Affiliation(s)
- Uwe Reusch
- a Affimed Therapeutics AG ; Heidelberg , Germany
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Katayama R, Sakashita T, Yanagitani N, Ninomiya H, Horiike A, Friboulet L, Gainor JF, Motoi N, Dobashi A, Sakata S, Tambo Y, Kitazono S, Sato S, Koike S, John Iafrate A, Mino-Kenudson M, Ishikawa Y, Shaw AT, Engelman JA, Takeuchi K, Nishio M, Fujita N. P-glycoprotein Mediates Ceritinib Resistance in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-rearranged Non-small Cell Lung Cancer. EBioMedicine 2015; 3:54-66. [PMID: 26870817 PMCID: PMC4739423 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2015.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2015] [Revised: 11/27/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) fusion oncogene is observed in 3%–5% of non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Crizotinib and ceritinib, a next-generation ALK tyrosine kinase inhibitor (TKI) active against crizotinib-refractory patients, are clinically available for the treatment of ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients, and multiple next-generation ALK-TKIs are currently under clinical evaluation. These ALK-TKIs exhibit robust clinical activity in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients; however, the emergence of ALK-TKI resistance restricts the therapeutic effect. To date, various secondary mutations or bypass pathway activation-mediated resistance have been identified, but large parts of the resistance mechanism are yet to be identified. Here, we report the discovery of p-glycoprotein (P-gp/ABCB1) overexpression as a ceritinib resistance mechanism in ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients. P-gp exported ceritinib and its overexpression conferred ceritinib and crizotinib resistance, but not to PF-06463922 or alectinib, which are next-generation ALK inhibitors. Knockdown of ABCB1 or P-gp inhibitors sensitizes the patient-derived cancer cells to ceritinib, in vitro and in vivo. P-gp overexpression was identified in three out of 11 cases with in ALK-rearranged crizotinib or ceritinib resistant NSCLC patients. Our study suggests that alectinib, PF-06463922, or P-gp inhibitor with ceritinib could overcome the ceritinib or crizotinib resistance mediated by P-gp overexpression. Ceritinib resistant patient-derived cancer cells overexpress P-gp without having mutation in ALK and other major oncogenes. P-gp overexpression conferred the resistance to ceritinib and crizotinib but not to alectinib and PF-06463922. Ceritinib is a substrate of P-gp, and P-gp-inhibitors or knockdown of P-gp reversed ceritinib resistance. P-gp overexpression was observed in 3 out of 11 crizotinib- or ceritinib-resistant ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients. For treatment of ALK-rearranged NSCLC, two ALK-TKIs, crizotinib and ceritinib are currently in use, but the emergence of acquired resistance limits the efficacy of ALK-TKIs. Except for the resistance-associated mutations in ALK, ALK-TKIs resistance mechanisms are still largely unknown. Here we identified P-gp overexpression mediating resistance in three ceritinib-resistant ALK-rearranged NSCLC patients. P-gp overexpression conferred ceritinib and crizotinib resistance but did not confer alectinib and PF-06463922 resistance, and treatment using P-gp inhibitor with ceritinib, or alectinib- or PF-06463922- monotherapy overcame the resistance, suggesting that P-gp expression could be an important determinant in the future treatment strategies.
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Key Words
- (sh)RNA, small hairpin
- ABC, adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette
- ALK
- ALK, anaplastic lymphoma kinase
- ATP, adenosine triphosphate
- BAC, bronchioloalveolar carcinoma
- BBB, blood–brain barrier
- BCRP, breast cancer resistance protein
- CAF, cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, and fluorouracil
- CSCs, cancer stem/initiating cells
- CT, computed tomography
- Ceritinib
- Crizotinib
- EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor
- FBS, fetal bovine serum
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- IC50, half-maximal inhibitory concentration
- IHC, immunohistochemical
- IRB, institutional review board
- K562/VCR, K562-derived vincristine-resistant
- LCNEC, large cell neuroendocrine carcinoma
- MRP1, multidrug Resistance-associated Protein 1
- ORR, overall response rate
- OS, overall survival
- P-glycoprotein
- P-gp, P-glycoprotein
- PFS, progression-free survival
- ROS1, v-ros avian ur2 sarcoma virus oncogene homolog 1
- RPMI, Roswell Park Memorial Institute
- Resistance
- SP, side population
- TKI, tyrosine kinase inhibitor
- TNM, tumor-node-metastasis
- Tyrosine kinase
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryohei Katayama
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Takuya Sakashita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan; Department of Medical Genome Science, Graduate School of Frontier Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Noriko Yanagitani
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Hironori Ninomiya
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Atsushi Horiike
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Luc Friboulet
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Justin F Gainor
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Noriko Motoi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Akito Dobashi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Seiji Sakata
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tambo
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Satoru Kitazono
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Shigeo Sato
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Sumie Koike
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - A John Iafrate
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mari Mino-Kenudson
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Yuichi Ishikawa
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Alice T Shaw
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Jeffrey A Engelman
- Cancer Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Charlestown, MA 02129, USA
| | - Kengo Takeuchi
- The Cancer Institute, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan
| | - Makoto Nishio
- Cancer Institute Hospital, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
| | - Naoya Fujita
- Cancer Chemotherapy Center, Japanese Foundation for Cancer Research, Tokyo 135-8550, Japan.
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Leone RD, Lo YC, Powell JD. A2aR antagonists: Next generation checkpoint blockade for cancer immunotherapy. Comput Struct Biotechnol J 2015; 13:265-72. [PMID: 25941561 PMCID: PMC4415113 DOI: 10.1016/j.csbj.2015.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 139] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2014] [Revised: 03/26/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The last several years have witnessed exciting progress in the development of immunotherapy for the treatment of cancer. This has been due in great part to the development of so-called checkpoint blockade. That is, antibodies that block inhibitory receptors such as CTLA-4 and PD-1 and thus unleash antigen-specific immune responses against tumors. It is clear that tumors evade the immune response by usurping pathways that play a role in negatively regulating normal immune responses. In this regard, adenosine in the immune microenvironment leading to the activation of the A2a receptor has been shown to represent one such negative feedback loop. Indeed, the tumor microenvironment has relatively high concentrations of adenosine. To this end, blocking A2a receptor activation has the potential to markedly enhance anti-tumor immunity in mouse models. This review will present data demonstrating the ability of A2a receptor blockade to enhance tumor vaccines, checkpoint blockade and adoptive T cell therapy. Also, as several recent studies have demonstrated that under certain conditions A2a receptor blockade can enhance tumor progression, we will also explore the complexities of adenosine signaling in the immune response. Despite important nuances to the A2a receptor pathway that require further elucidation, studies to date strongly support the development of A2a receptor antagonists (some of which have already been tested in phase III clinical trials for Parkinson Disease) as novel modalities in the immunotherapy armamentarium.
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Key Words
- A2a adenosine receptor
- A2aR, adenosine A2a receptor
- APC, antigen presenting cell
- CTLA-4, cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4
- DLBCL, diffuse large B-cell lymphoma
- Hif1-alpha, hypoxia inducible factor-1 alpha
- Immune checkpoint
- Immunotherapy
- LAG-3, lymphocyte-activation gene 3
- NSCLC, non-small cell lung cancer
- ORR, overall response rate
- OS, overall survival
- PD-1
- PD-1, programmed cell death 1
- PD-L1, programmed cell death ligand 1
- T cell
- TFS, tumor free survival
- TIM-3, T-cell immunoglobulin domain and mucin domain 3
- Treg, regulatory T cell
- Tumor
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert D Leone
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Ying-Chun Lo
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
| | - Jonathan D Powell
- Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Research Center, Department of Oncology, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA
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8
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Zhang J, Wang L, Wang Z, Hu X, Wang B, Cao J, Lv F, Zhen C, Zhang S, Shao Z. A phase II trial of biweekly vinorelbine and oxaliplatin in second- or third-line metastatic triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Biol Ther 2015; 16:225-32. [PMID: 25648299 PMCID: PMC4622533 DOI: 10.4161/15384047.2014.986973] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2014] [Revised: 10/12/2014] [Accepted: 11/09/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with metastatic triple-negative breast cancer (mTNBC) typically have a poor prognosis. The purpose of this study was to prospectively evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of biweekly combination of vinorelbine and oxaliplatin (NVBOX) in second- or third-line setting for mTNBC. Eligible patients were female with 18-70 y old, and had mTNBC that had progressed after 1or 2 prior chemotherapy regimens in the metastatic setting. NVBOX was given biweekly every 4 week for a maximum of 6 cycles. The primary endpoint was progression-free survival (PFS). Forty-4 patients were recruited. All patients had been exposed to anthracyclines and/or taxanes; 56.8% of patients were cis/carbo-platin pretreated. Among the 38 evaluable patients, overall response rate was 31.6% and 7 lasted ≥ 6 months. The median PFS and overall survival (OS) were 4.3 (95% CI, 3.6-5.0) months and 12.6 (95% CI, 8.1-17.0) months, respectively. PFS and OS was significantly shorter in patients with interval from diagnosis to recurrence ≤ 1 y and time to progression (TTP) of 1-2 previous regimens before recruitment ≤ 3 months. For 34 patients who were treated in second line setting, prior platinum was a factor significantly compromising the PFS of NVBOX. Grade 3/4 hematologic toxicities included neutropenia (70.5%), thrombocytopenia (27.3%) and anemia (15.9%). The most frequent grade 3/4 non-hematologic toxicities were constipation/abdominal distension (20.5%) and nausea/vomiting (13.6%). We conclude that biweekly NVBOX regimen is effective with a good safety profile in the second- or third-line mTNBC, which warrants further investigation in a phase III study. This trial was registered with www.clinicaltrials.gov (no. NCT01528826).
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Key Words
- AE, adverse events
- ANC, absolute neutrophil count
- CBR, rate of clinical benefit
- CI, confidence interval
- CR, complete response
- ECOG, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group
- ER, estrogen receptor
- FISH, fluorescence in situ hybridization
- HER2, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2
- HR, hazard ratio
- IHC, immunohistochemistry
- IV, intravenously
- MBC, metastatic breast cancer
- ORR, overall response rate
- PR, partial response
- PgR, progesterone receptor
- SD, stable disease
- TNBC, triple-negative breast cancer
- TTP, time to progression
- ULN, upper limit of normal
- chemotherapy
- mTNBC, metastatic triple-negative breast cancer
- metastatic breast cancer
- oxaliplatin
- triple-negative
- vinorelbine
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Leiping Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Zhonghua Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Xichun Hu
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Biyun Wang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Jun Cao
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Fangfang Lv
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Chunlei Zhen
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Sheng Zhang
- Department of Medical Oncology; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University; Shanghai, China
| | - Zhimin Shao
- Department of Breast Surgery; Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center; Department of Oncology, Shanghai Medical College; Fudan University; Shanghai, China
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