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Agrawal A, Varshney R, Gattani A, Kirthika P, Gupta R, Kumar D, Singh RP, Singh P. SLAM (CD150) receptor homologous peptides block the peste des petits ruminants virus entry into B95a cells. Proteins 2024; 92:356-369. [PMID: 37881117 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 08/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/27/2023]
Abstract
The fusion of haemagglutinin-neuraminidase (HN) protein of peste des petits ruminant (PPR) virus with signaling lymphocyte activation molecules (SLAM) host cell receptor consequences the virus entry and multiplication inside the host cell. The use of synthetic SLAM homologous peptides (i.e., molecular decoy for HN protein of PPR virus) may check PPR infection at the preliminary stage. Hence, the predicted SLAM homologous peptides using bioinformatics tools were synthesized by solid phase chemistry with standard Merrifield's 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl (Fmoc) chemistry and were purified by reverse phase high performance liquid chromatography. The secondary structures of synthesized peptides were elucidated by circular dichroism spectroscopy. The in vitro interactions of these peptides were studied through indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay (ELISA) and visual surface plasmon UV-visible spectroscopy. The SLAM homologous peptides were able to interact with the peste des petits ruminant virus (PPRV) with varying binding efficiency. The interaction of SLAM homologous peptide with the PPR virus was ascertained by the change in the plasmon color from red wine to purple during visual detection and also by bathochromic shift in absorbance spectra under UV-visible spectrophotometry. The cytotoxic and anti-PPRV effect of these peptides were also evaluated in B95a cell line using PPR virus (Sungri/96). The cytotoxic concentration 50 (CC50 ) value of each peptide was greater than 1000 μg mL-1 . The anti-PPRV efficiency of SLAM-22 was relatively high among SLAM homologous peptides, SLAM-22 at 25 μg mL-1 concentration showed a reduction of more than log10 3 virus titer by priming of B95a cell line while the use of SLAM-15 and Muco-17 at the same concentration dropped virus titer from log10 4.8 to log10 2.5 and log10 3.1 respectively. The concentration of SLAM homologous peptide (25 μg mL-1 ) to exert its anti-PPRV effect was much less than its CC50 level (>1000 μg mL-1 ). Therefore, the synthetic SLAM homologous peptides may prove to be better agents to target PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aditya Agrawal
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, College of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Rajat Varshney
- Department of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Rajiv Gandhi South Campus, Banaras Hindu University, Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Division of Bacteriology and Mycology, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Anil Gattani
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Veterinary Biochemistry, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Perumalraja Kirthika
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - Rohini Gupta
- Department of Veterinary Medicine, NDVSU, Jabalpur, Madhya Pradesh, India
| | - Deepak Kumar
- Division of Veterinary Biotechnology, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | | | - Praveen Singh
- Division of Biochemistry, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
- Biophysics Section, ICAR-IVRI, Bareilly, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Siddiqui M, Globig A, Hoffmann B, Rahman MM, Islam MR, Chowdhury EH. Development of cell culture based peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus vaccine candidate from Bangladeshi isolates. J Virol Methods 2023; 314:114690. [PMID: 36775141 DOI: 10.1016/j.jviromet.2023.114690] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/08/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023]
Abstract
This study was conducted to develop a cell culture based PPR virus vaccine candidate using recent Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminant's (PPR) virus. PPR virus was isolated from field outbreaks, confirmed by RT-PCR and used as viral inoculum for serial passaging in Vero cells for adaptation and attenuation. 60th serial passage had completed and RT-PCR and real time RT-PCR were done in every 5 passages for confirmation of PPR virus in tissue culture fluid (TCF). To assess the adaptation and attenuation cytopathology, virus titration, sequencing of both F and N genes and live animal experimentation were done. Different cellular alterations produced by PPR virus in infected Vero cells including syncytia formation, development of both intranuclear and intra cytoplasmic inclusion bodies and finally cell degradation are the indications of adaptation. The virus titre was found 2.5, 3.31, 3.55, 4.44, 4.71 and 6.5 Log10 TCID50/ml at 10th, 20th, 30th, 40th, 50th and 60th passages level respectively. In F gene sequence analysis it has been observed that few nucleotide (nt) and mino acid (aa) has been substituted as the effects of serial passaging of PPR virus in Vero cells. TCF at 60th passage level was found effective to produced protective antibody (Ab) titre in live animal experimentation. It is concluded that serially passaged and Vero cells adapted PPR virus TCF could be used as a vaccine candidate for further use to develop a potent & effective vaccine against PPR diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Msi Siddiqui
- Department of Anatomy & Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal & Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Anja Globig
- Friedrich Loffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - Bernd Hoffmann
- Friedrich Loffler Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Südufer 10, D-17493 Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany.
| | - M M Rahman
- Office of the Director General, Bangladesh Islamic Foundation, Ministry of Religious Affairs, Govt. of the Peoples Republic of Bangladesh, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
| | - M R Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
| | - E H Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh 2202, Bangladesh.
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Schmitz KS, Eblé PL, van Gennip RGP, Maris-Veldhuis MA, de Vries RD, van Keulen LJM, de Swart RL, van Rijn PA. Pathogenesis of wild-type- and vaccine-based recombinant peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) expressing EGFP in experimentally infected domestic goats. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36757863 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious morbillivirus related to measles and canine distemper virus, mostly affecting small ruminants. The corresponding PPR disease has a high clinical impact in goats and is characterized by fever, oral and nasal erosions, diarrhoea and pneumonia. In addition, massive infection of lymphoid tissues causes lymphopaenia and immune suppression. This results in increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, explaining the observed high mortality in some outbreaks. We studied the pathogenesis of PPR by experimental inoculation of Dutch domestic goats with a recombinant virulent PPRV strain modified to express EGFP and compared it to an EGFP-expressing vaccine strain of PPRV. After intratracheal inoculation with virulent PPRV, animals developed fever, viraemia and leucopaenia, and shed virus from the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts. Macroscopic evaluation of fluorescence at the peak of infection 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) showed prominent PPRV infection of the respiratory tract, lymphoid tissues, gastro-intestinal tract, mucosae and skin. Flow cytometry of PBMCs collected over time demonstrated a cell-associated viraemia mediated by infected lymphocytes. At 14 dpi, pathognomonic zebra stripes were detected in the mucosa of the large intestine. In contrast, vaccine strain-inoculated goats remained largely macroscopically fluorescence negative and did not present clinical signs. A low-level viraemia was detected by flow cytometry, but at necropsy no histological lesions were observed. Animals from both groups seroconverted as early as 7 dpi and sera efficiently neutralized virulent PPRV in vitro. Combined, this work presents a study of the pathogenesis of wild type- and vaccine-based PPRV in its natural host. This study shows the strength of recombinant EGFP-expressing viruses in fluorescence-guided pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phaedra L Eblé
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - René G P van Gennip
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucien J M van Keulen
- Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Piet A van Rijn
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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Rhazi H, Safini N, Mikou K, Alhyane M, Tadlaoui KO, Lin X, Venkatesan NP, Elharrak M. Production of small ruminant morbillivirus, rift valley fever virus and lumpy skin disease virus in CelCradle™ -500A bioreactors. BMC Vet Res 2021; 17:93. [PMID: 33639955 PMCID: PMC7913422 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-021-02801-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal vaccination is an important way to stop the spread of diseases causing immense damage to livestock and economic losses and the potential transmission to humans. Therefore effective method for vaccine production using simple and inexpensive bioprocessing solutions is very essential. Conventional culture systems currently in use, tend to be uneconomic in terms of labor and time involved. Besides, they offer a limited surface area for growth of cells. In this study, the CelCradle™-500A was evaluated as an alternative to replace conventional culture systems in use such as Cell factories for the production of viral vaccines against small ruminant morbillivirus (PPR), rift valley fever virus (RVF) and lumpy skin disease virus (LSD). RESULTS Two types of cells Vero and primary Lamb Testis cells were used to produce these viruses. The study was done in 2 phases as a) optimization of cell growth and b) virus cultivation. Vero cells could be grown to significantly higher cell densities of 3.04 × 109 using the CelCradle™-500A with a shorter doubling time as compared to 9.45 × 108 cells in Cell factories. This represents a 19 fold increase in cell numbers as compared to seeding vs only 3.7 fold in Cell factories. LT cells achieved modestly higher cell densities of 6.7 × 108 as compared to 6.3 × 108 in Cell factories. The fold change in densities for these cells was 3 fold in the CelCradle™-500A vs 2.5 fold in Cell factories. The titers in the conventional system and the bioreactor were not significantly different. However, the Cell-specific virus yield for rift valley fever virus and lumpy skin disease virus are higher (25 virions/cell for rift valley fever virus, and 21.9 virions/cell for lumpy skin disease virus versus 19.9 virions/cell for rift valley fever virus and 10 virions/cell for lumpy skin disease virus). CONCLUSIONS This work represents a novel study for primary lamb testis cell culture in CellCradle™-500A bioreactors. In addition, on account of the high cell densities obtained and the linear scalability the titers could be further optimized using other culture process such us perfusion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halima Rhazi
- Laboratory of functional and environmental ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, BP 2202 Fez, Morocco
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Najete Safini
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Karima Mikou
- Laboratory of functional and environmental ecology, Faculty of Sciences and Technology Sidi Mohammed Ben Abdellah University, Imouzzer Road, BP 2202 Fez, Morocco
| | - Meryeme Alhyane
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Khalid Omari Tadlaoui
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - Xiangliang Lin
- Esco Aster, 21 Changi South Street 1, Singapore, 48677 Singapore
| | | | - Mehdi Elharrak
- Laboratory of Research and Development virology, MCI Animal Health, Lot. 157, Zone Industrielle Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810 Mohammedia, Morocco
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Siddiqui MSI, Islam MR, Chowdhury EH. Growth kinetics of a Vero cells adapted Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminants (PPR) virus in cell culture. Arch Microbiol 2021; 203:1587-1593. [PMID: 33399890 PMCID: PMC7783708 DOI: 10.1007/s00203-020-02154-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2020] [Revised: 11/30/2020] [Accepted: 12/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Growth kinetics of a Vero cells adapted Bangladeshi strain of peste des petits ruminants virus was studied in Vero cells to determine maximum virus yield. One-step growth curve was formulated after determining virus in both supernatant (CFV) and cell lysate (CAV) at different time categories by microtitre plate titration in Vero cells and the viral presence was confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. The virus was first detected in both the supernatants and cell pellets at 12 hpi. The virus titre reached its plateau at 72 hpi. Maximum virus titre of CAV was 6.2 log10 TCID50/ml and that of CFV was 5.2 log10 TCID50/ml at 72 hpi. After that, the titer gradually declined, but maintained at 4.5 log10 TCID50/ml in case of CAV and 4.2 log10 TCID50/ml in case of CFV at 96 hpi. It was concluded that the optimum time point for harvesting Vero cell culture is 72 hpi.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Saiful Islam Siddiqui
- Department of Anatomy and Histology, Faculty of Veterinary, Animal and Biomedical Sciences, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet, 3100, Bangladesh.
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
| | - Emdadul Haque Chowdhury
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, 2202, Bangladesh
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Prajapati M, Dou Y, Zhu X, Zhao S, Alfred N, Li Y, Zhang Z. Development of an Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Based on CD150/SLAM for the Detection of Peste des Petits Ruminant Virus. Front Vet Sci 2020; 7:196. [PMID: 32411735 PMCID: PMC7198758 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2020.00196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminant (PPR) is an economically important severe viral disease of small ruminants that affects primarily the respiratory and digestive tract. Specific detection of the PPR virus (PPRV) antigen plays an important role in the disease control and eradication program. In this study, an indirect enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) based on the recombinant goat signaling lymphocyte activation molecule (SLAM) as the capture ligand was successfully developed for the detection of the PPRV antigen (PPRV SLAM-iELISA). The assay was highly specific for PPRV with no cross-reactions among foot and mouth disease virus, Orf virus, sheep pox virus, and goat pox virus and had a sensitivity with a detection limit of 1.56 × 101 TCID50/reaction (50 μl). Assessment of 136 samples showed that the developed PPRV SLAM-iELISA was well correlated with real-time RT-qPCR assays and commercially available sandwich ELISA for detection of PPRV and showed relative sensitivity and specificity of 93.75 and 100.83%, respectively. These results suggest that the developed PPRV SLAM-iELISA is suitable for specific detection of the PPRV antigen. This study demonstrated for the first time that the goat SLAM, the cellular receptor for PPRV, can be used for the development of a diagnostic method for the detection of PPRV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meera Prajapati
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory for Ruminant Disease Control, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,Animal Health Research Division, Nepal Agricultural Research Council, Lalitpur, Nepal
| | - Yongxi Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xueliang Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shuaiyang Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Niyokwishimira Alfred
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yanmin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhidong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Etiological Biology, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Lanzhou, China.,CAAS-ILRI Joint Laboratory for Ruminant Disease Control, Lanzhou Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agriculture Sciences, Lanzhou, China
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Bamouh Z, Fakri F, Jazouli M, Safini N, Omari Tadlaoui K, Elharrak M. Peste des petits ruminants pathogenesis on experimental infected goats by the Moroccan 2015 isolate. BMC Vet Res 2019; 15:452. [PMID: 31842890 PMCID: PMC6916009 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-019-2164-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a viral disease of major economic importance on small ruminants. Goats are usually known to be more susceptible to the disease. Infection chronology, virus circulation, and the disease early detection need to be better understood. This study evaluates the tissue tropism and pathogenesis of PPR following experimental infection of goats using a lineage IV virus, the most dominant in the world originated from Asia. PPRV infection was experimentally induced in 4 six-month-old goats by intra-nasal and intravenous route of cell virus suspension and from infectious mashed tissue. The clinical signs were observed and goats were euthanized at predetermined clinical score level for post-mortem examinations and PPRV detection by RT-PCR. Clinical signs of infection were present, pyrexia, serous-mucopurulent nasal discharges, coughing, diarrhea and asthenia, for both cell virus suspension and infectious mashed tissue. PPRV genome was highly detected in swabs and tissues with clinical signs dominated by pulmonary attack and digestive symptoms secondary. Results Results of this study indicates that PPRV is an invasive infection in animals that in a short period, less than 10 days, invade all vital organs. On live animals, early diagnostic may be easily done on lacrimal and rectal swabs. Conclusion The experimental PPRV-infection model using the cell virus suspension is suitable for vaccine evaluation as a standard model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z Bamouh
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco.
| | - F Fakri
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M Jazouli
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - N Safini
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - K Omari Tadlaoui
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
| | - M Elharrak
- Research and Development, MCI Santé Animale, Lot. 157, Z. I., Sud-Ouest (ERAC) B.P: 278, 28810, Mohammedia, Morocco
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Mapaco L, Monjane I, Fafetine J, Arone D, Caron A, Chilundo A, Quembo C, Carrilho MDC, Nhabomba V, Zohari S, Achá S. Peste des Petits Ruminants Virus Surveillance in Domestic Small Ruminants, Mozambique (2015 and 2017). Front Vet Sci 2019; 6:370. [PMID: 31788480 PMCID: PMC6856202 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2019.00370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2019] [Accepted: 10/07/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR), a transboundary animal disease affecting mainly goats and sheep is caused by a morbillivirus and threatens food security and livelihoods as morbidity and mortality rates can reach 90%. There are no records of PPR in Mozambique, but the disease situation in Tanzania and the ability of PPR virus to rapidly spread across countries constitute a high risk for about 4.7 million goats and sheep in Mozambique. A total of 4,995 goats and sheep were sampled in several provinces during 2015 and 2017 to assess the status of PPR virus (PPRV) in Mozambique and to contribute to surveillance along the border with Tanzania. The sera were screened for anti-PPRV antibodies using a commercial PPR competition ELISA (c-ELISA) and the haemagglutinin based PPR blocking ELISA (HPPR-bELISA). The swabs were tested using one-step RT-PCR for detection of PPRV RNA. The overall percentage of animals with anti-PPRV antibodies by c-ELISA, was 0.46% [0.30–0.70]. However, all the sera positive on c-ELISA were confirmed to be negative by the HPPR-bELISA. Considering that all the swabs were negative for detection of PPRV, no clinical cases were observed during passive surveillance and active sampling, and no symptoms were reported, these results suggest that PPRV is not present in Mozambique.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourenço Mapaco
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique.,ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Iolanda Monjane
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - José Fafetine
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Dercília Arone
- Ministry of Agriculture and Food Security, Veterinary National Directorate, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Alexandre Caron
- ASTRE, CIRAD, INRA, University of Montpellier, Montpellier, France.,Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Abel Chilundo
- Veterinary Faculty, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Carlos Quembo
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Maria Do Carmo Carrilho
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Virginia Nhabomba
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
| | - Siamak Zohari
- National Veterinary Institute, Department of Microbiology, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Sara Achá
- Agricultural Research Institute of Mozambique, Central Veterinary Laboratory, Maputo, Mozambique
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9
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Bora M, Yousuf RW, Dhar P, Manu M, Zafir I, Mishra B, Rajak KK, Singh RP. Characterization of defective interfering (DI) particles of Pestedes petitsruminants vaccine virus Sungri/96 strain-implications in vaccine upscaling. Biologicals 2019; 62:57-64. [PMID: 31588012 DOI: 10.1016/j.biologicals.2019.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Revised: 08/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The present investigation deals with the characterization of defective interfering (DI) particles of Peste-des-petits ruminants (PPR) vaccine Sungri/96 strain generated as a result of high MOI in Vero cells. During the serial 10 passages, infectivity titres drastically reduced from 6.5 to 2.25 log10TCID50/ml at high MOI. Further, attenuation of CPE with high MOI indicated generation of DI particles that resulted in no/slow progression of CPE during the late passages. Monoclonal antibody based cell ELISA indicated normal protein (N & H) packaging in samples with DI activity. At genomic level, inconsistency in amplicon intensity of H gene was observed in RT-PCR, indicating a possible defect of H gene. Further analysis of copy number of PPRV by RT-qPCR indicated intermittent fluctuations of viral genomic RNA copies. The significant decline of viral RNA copies with MOI 3 (314 copies) compared to low MOI (512804 copies), proved that higher DI multiplicities cause more interference with the replication process of the standard virus. Therefore, MOI is critical for manufacturing of vaccines. These investigations will help in upscaling of PPR vaccines in view of ongoing National and Global PPR control and eradication programme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mousumi Bora
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Raja Wasim Yousuf
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pronab Dhar
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - M Manu
- Division of Biological Standardization, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Insha Zafir
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Bina Mishra
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Kaushal Kishor Rajak
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rabindra Prasad Singh
- Division of Biological Products, ICAR-Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Uttar Pradesh, India.
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Ahamed S, Nazir KHMNH, Yousuf MA, Islam MM, Arafat MY, Islam MA, Mahmud MM, Islam MR. Seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants in goats and molecular characterization of PPR virus from field cases. J Adv Vet Anim Res 2019; 6:416-424. [PMID: 31583240 PMCID: PMC6760515 DOI: 10.5455/javar.2019.f362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Revised: 08/04/2019] [Accepted: 08/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The study was undertaken with the objectives to perform seromonitoring of Peste des Petits Ruminants (PPR) antibodies in goats vaccinated with PPR vaccine and molecular characterization of PPR virus (PPRV) from field cases in Bangladesh. Materials and Methods Seromonitoring work was conducted in Char Kalibari, Mymensingh Sadar, Mymensingh. For this, a total of 50 goats were randomly selected and were divided into two groups; vaccinated (Group A; n = 25) and non-vaccinated (Group B; n = 25). The goats of both groups were again sub-divided into four age groups; (i) 0-6 months (n = 5), (ii) 6-12 months (n = 5), (iii) 12-24 months (n = 10), and (iv) >24 months (n = 5). Blood samples were collected on Day-0 and after 21 days of post-vaccination (DPV), and the sera were prepared. The sera were examined for the presence of antibodies against PPRV by competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. For molecular characterization, nasal swabs (n = 10) were collected from PPR infected goats in Jessore during PPR outbreak (February 2016). The causative agent, PPRV isolated from field cases were confirmed by N gene based on reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), followed by sequencing, phylogenetic analysis, and multiple sequence alignment analyses. Results In the case of seromonitoring, the results revealed that before vaccination (at Day-0), overall, 44% (n = 22/50) goats were seropositive for PPRV. In Group A, 48% (n = 12/25) goats were seropositive, but after 21 DPV, 96% (n = 24/25) goats become seropositive. On the other hand, in Group B, 40% (n = 10/25) and 16% (n = 04/25) seropositive goats found at Day-0 and after 21 DPV, respectively, indicating that the antibody titer was increasing after vaccination and decreasing in convalescent goats. Out of 10 nasal swab samples, 40% (n = 4/10) was confirmed by RT-PCR targeting nucleocapsid (N gene). Phylogenetically, our isolate (KY039156/PPRV/BDG/Jes/2016) was similar to the other strains of PPRV under lineage IV. However, there was a unique amino acid substitution, where glycine (G) was recorded in place of arginine (R). The strain is closely related with other Chinese or Indian strains. The nucleotide sequence homology by NCBI BLAST search of the isolated strain ranged from 95% to 99% with other strains circulating in Bangladesh. Conclusion The PPRV is prevailing in the Mymensingh and Jessore regions of Bangladesh. Effective control of PPR in goats may depend on vaccination with PPR vaccine. Molecular characterization of PPRV in Jessore reveals that the virus is differing from the strain prevalent in other regions of Bangladesh and the world.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shamim Ahamed
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - K H M Nazmul Hussain Nazir
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Abu Yousuf
- Animal Health Research Division, Bangladesh Livestock Research Institute (BLRI) Savar, Dhaka, Bangladesh
| | - Md Monowarul Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Yeasin Arafat
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Ariful Islam
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Muket Mahmud
- Department of Microbiology and Hygiene, Faculty of Veterinary Science, Bangladesh Agricultural University, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
| | - Md Rafiqul Islam
- Livestock Division, Bangladesh Agricultural Research Council, Dhaka, Bangladesh
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Aziz-Ul-Rahman, Wensman JJ, Abubakar M, Shabbir MZ, Rossiter P. Peste des petits ruminants in wild ungulates. Trop Anim Health Prod 2018; 50:1815-9. [PMID: 29881925 DOI: 10.1007/s11250-018-1623-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2017] [Accepted: 05/21/2018] [Indexed: 10/14/2022]
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants (PPR) is a contagious viral disease of domestic small ruminants. It also affects wild ungulates but there are comparatively few studies of the incidence of natural infection, clinical signs and pathology, and confirmation of the virus, and in these species. In this article, we list the wild ungulates in which PPRV infection has been confirmed and summarize available information about the presentation of the disease, its identification, and impact of virus on wildlife populations. Considering recent reports of outbreaks by the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE), it is important to understand the transmission of this disease within wildlife populations in PPR endemic regions.
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Abubakar M, Manzoor S, Ali Q. Evaluating the role of vaccine to combat peste des petits ruminants outbreaks in endemic disease situation. J Anim Sci Technol 2015; 57:2. [PMID: 26290722 PMCID: PMC4540292 DOI: 10.1186/s40781-014-0036-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2014] [Accepted: 12/19/2014] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Among the main intimidation to the sheep and goat population, PPR outbreaks are causing huge losses especially in endemic areas. During recent times, six outbreaks of PPR were confirmed at semi-organized goat farms/herds in various regions of Punjab province and Islamabad capital territory (ICT), Pakistan. The disease started after introduction of new animals at these farms with no history of previous PPR vaccination. The clinical signs appeared affecting respiratory and enteric systems and spread quickly. Disease caused mortality of 10-20% and morbidity of 20-40% within a time period of four weeks. Morbidity and mortality rates were 30.38% (86/283) and 15.55% (44/283), respectively. Three treatment regimes were executed to demonstrate the role of vaccination during outbreak at these farms. First was to use only the broad spectrum antibiotics (Penicillin & Streptomycin and/ or Trimethoprim and Sulfadiazine) at two farms (Texilla and Attock). Second treatment regime was to use the same broad spectrum antibiotic along with extensive fluid therapy (Farms at ICT-1 and ICT-2). The third regime was to use of broad spectrum antibiotic plus fluid therapy along with vaccinating the herd against PPR during first week of outbreak (ICT-3 and ICT-4). The third scheme of treatment gave the better results as there was no mortality in third week post-outbreak. Therefore, it is suggested to give proper importance to PPR vaccination along with conventional symptomatic treatment when dealing the PPR outbreaks in endemic disease conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Shumaila Manzoor
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan ; FAO FMD Project (GCP/PAK/123/USA), Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Qurban Ali
- National Veterinary Laboratory, Park Road, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Khandelwal N, Kaur G, Chaubey KK, Singh P, Sharma S, Tiwari A, Singh SV, Kumar N. Silver nanoparticles impair Peste des petits ruminants virus replication. Virus Res 2014; 190:1-7. [PMID: 24979044 DOI: 10.1016/j.virusres.2014.06.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/22/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
In the present study, we evaluated the antiviral efficacy of the silver nanoparticles (SNPs) against Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV), a prototype Morbillivirus. The leaf extract of the Argemone maxicana was used as a reducing agent for biological synthesis of the SNPs from silver nitrate. The SNPs were characterized using UV-vis absorption spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction (XRD) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The TEM analysis revealed particle size of 5-30 nm and the XRD analysis revealed their characteristic silver structure. The treatment of Vero cells with the SNPs at a noncytotoxic concentration significantly inhibited PPRV replication in vitro. The time-course and virus step-specific assays showed that the SNPs impair PPRV replication at the level of virus entry. The TEM analysis showed that the SNPs interact with the virion surface as well with the virion core. However, this interaction has no direct virucidal effect, instead exerts a blocking effect on viral entry into the target cells. This is the first documented evidence indicating that the SNPs are capable of inhibiting a Morbillivirus replication in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nitin Khandelwal
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Kundan Kumar Chaubey
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India
| | - Pushpendra Singh
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Shalini Sharma
- Department of Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Lala Lajpat Rai University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Hisar, Haryana 125004, India
| | - Archana Tiwari
- School of Biotechnology, Rajiv Gandhi Technical University, Airport Road, Bhopal, Madhya Pradesh 462036, India
| | - Shoor Vir Singh
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India
| | - Naveen Kumar
- Virology Laboratory, Division of Animal Health, Central Institute for Research on Goats, Indian Council of Agricultural Research, Makhdoom, Mathura, Uttar Pradesh 281122, India.
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Balamurugan V, Sen A, Venkatesan G, Bhanuprakash V, Singh RK. Protective immune response of live attenuated thermo-adapted peste des petits ruminants vaccine in goats. Virusdisease 2014; 25:350-7. [PMID: 25674603 PMCID: PMC4188212 DOI: 10.1007/s13337-014-0208-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Virulent isolate of peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) of Indian origin (PPRV Jhansi 2003) initially adapted in Vero cells was further propagated in thermo-adapted (Ta) Vero cells grown at 40 °C for attaining thermo-adaption and attenuation of virus for development of Ta vaccine against PPR in goats and sheep. The virus was attenuated up to 50 passages in Ta Vero cells, at which, the virus was found sterile, innocuous in mice and guinea pigs and safe in seronegative goats and sheep. The developed vaccine was tested for its immunogenicity in goats and sheep by subcutaneous inoculation of 100 TCID50 (0.1 field dose), 10(3) TCID50 (one field dose) and 10(5) TCID50 (100 field doses) of the attenuated virus along with controls as per OIE described protocols for PPR vaccine testing and were assessed for PPRV-specific antibodies 7-28 days post vaccination (dpv) by PPR competitive ELISA and serum neutralization tests. The PPRV antibodies were detected in all immunized goats and sheep and goats were protective when challenged with virulent PPRV at 28th dpv along with controls for potency testing of the vaccine. The attenuated vaccine did not induce any adverse reaction at high dose (10(5) TCID50) in goats and sheep and provided complete protection even at low dose (10(2) TCID50) in goats when challenged with virulent virus. There was no shedding and horizontal transmission of the attenuated virus to in-contact controls. The results indicate that the developed PPR Ta attenuated virus is innocuous, safe, immunogenic and potent or efficacious vaccine candidate alternative to the existing vaccines for the protection of goats and sheep against PPR in the tropical countries like India.
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Affiliation(s)
- V. Balamurugan
- />Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
- />National Institute of Veterinary Epidemiology and Disease Informatics (NIVEDI) (formerly Project Directorate on Animal Disease Monitoring and Surveillance-PD_ADMAS), Hebbal, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - A. Sen
- />Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
- />Animal Health Division, ICAR-NEH Region, Umiam, 793 103 Meghalaya India
| | - G. Venkatesan
- />Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
| | - V. Bhanuprakash
- />Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
- />Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Bangalore Campus, Bangalore, 560 024 Karnataka India
| | - R. K. Singh
- />Division of Virology, Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Mukteswar Campus 263 138, Nainital District, Uttarakhand, India
- />Indian Veterinary Research Institute, Izatnagar, 243 122 Uttar Pradesh India
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