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Herfst S, de Vries RD. Self-amplifying RNA vaccines against antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:330-331. [PMID: 38141631 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00734-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/25/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GE Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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2
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Schmitz KS, Handrejk K, Liepina L, Bauer L, Haas GD, van Puijfelik F, Veldhuis Kroeze EJB, Riekstina M, Strautmanis J, Cao H, Verdijk RM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, van Boheemen S, van Riel D, Lee B, Porotto M, de Swart RL, de Vries RD. Functional properties of measles virus proteins derived from a subacute sclerosing panencephalitis patient who received repeated remdesivir treatments. J Virol 2024; 98:e0187423. [PMID: 38329336 PMCID: PMC10949486 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01874-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE) is a rare but fatal late neurological complication of measles, caused by persistent measles virus (MeV) infection of the central nervous system. There are no drugs approved for the treatment of SSPE. Here, we followed the clinical progression of a 5-year-old SSPE patient after treatment with the nucleoside analog remdesivir, conducted a post-mortem evaluation of the patient's brain, and characterized the MeV detected in the brain. The quality of life of the patient transiently improved after the first two courses of remdesivir, but a third course had no further clinical effect, and the patient eventually succumbed to his condition. Post-mortem evaluation of the brain displayed histopathological changes including loss of neurons and demyelination paired with abundant presence of MeV RNA-positive cells throughout the brain. Next-generation sequencing of RNA isolated from the brain revealed a complete MeV genome with mutations that are typically detected in SSPE, characterized by a hypermutated M gene. Additional mutations were detected in the polymerase (L) gene, which were not associated with resistance to remdesivir. Functional characterization showed that mutations in the F gene led to a hyperfusogenic phenotype predominantly mediated by N465I. Additionally, recombinant wild-type-based MeV with the SSPE-F gene or the F gene with the N465I mutation was no longer lymphotropic but instead efficiently disseminated in neural cultures. Altogether, this case encourages further investigation of remdesivir as a potential treatment of SSPE and highlights the necessity to functionally understand SSPE-causing MeV.IMPORTANCEMeasles virus (MeV) causes acute, systemic disease and remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. Despite the lack of known entry receptors in the brain, MeV can persistently infect the brain causing the rare but fatal neurological disorder subacute sclerosing panencephalitis (SSPE). SSPE-causing MeVs are characterized by a hypermutated genome and a hyperfusogenic F protein that facilitates the rapid spread of MeV throughout the brain. No treatment against SSPE is available, but the nucleoside analog remdesivir was recently demonstrated to be effective against MeV in vitro. We show that treatment of an SSPE patient with remdesivir led to transient clinical improvement and did not induce viral escape mutants, encouraging the future use of remdesivir in SSPE patients. Functional characterization of the viral proteins sheds light on the shared properties of SSPE-causing MeVs and further contributes to understanding how those viruses cause disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lelde Liepina
- Clinic for Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Lisa Bauer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Griffin D. Haas
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | | | | | - Marta Riekstina
- Department of Pathology, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Jurgis Strautmanis
- Clinic for Pediatric Neurology and Neurosurgery, Children’s Clinical University Hospital, Riga, Latvia
| | - Huyen Cao
- Departments of Clinical Research, Biometrics, and Virology, Gilead Sciences, Inc., Foster City, California, USA
| | - Robert M. Verdijk
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Benhur Lee
- Department of Microbiology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, New York, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, New York, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, Caserta, Italy
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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3
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Schmitz KS, Rennick LJ, Tilston-Lunel NL, Comvalius AD, Laksono BM, Geers D, van Run P, de Vries RD, de Swart RL, Duprex WP. Rational attenuation of canine distemper virus (CDV) to develop a morbillivirus animal model that mimics measles in humans. J Virol 2024; 98:e0185023. [PMID: 38415596 PMCID: PMC10949419 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.01850-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Morbilliviruses are members of the family Paramyxoviridae and are known for their ability to cause systemic disease in a variety of mammalian hosts. The prototypic morbillivirus, measles virus (MeV), infects humans and still causes morbidity and mortality in unvaccinated children and young adults. Experimental infection studies in non-human primates have contributed to the understanding of measles pathogenesis. However, ethical restrictions call for the development of new animal models. Canine distemper virus (CDV) infects a wide range of animals, including ferrets, and its pathogenesis shares many features with measles. However, wild-type CDV infection is almost always lethal, while MeV infection is usually self-limiting. Here, we made five recombinant CDVs, predicted to be attenuated, and compared their pathogenesis to the non-attenuated recombinant CDV in a ferret model. Three viruses were insufficiently attenuated based on clinical signs, fatality, and systemic infection, while one virus was too attenuated. The last candidate virus caused a self-limiting infection associated with transient viremia and viral dissemination to all lymphoid tissues, was shed transiently from the upper respiratory tract, and did not result in acute neurological signs. Additionally, an in-depth phenotyping of the infected white blood cells showed lower infection percentages in all lymphocyte subsets when compared to the non-attenuated CDV. In conclusion, infection models using this candidate virus mimic measles and can be used to study pathogenesis-related questions and to test interventions for morbilliviruses in a natural host species.IMPORTANCEMorbilliviruses are transmitted via the respiratory route but cause systemic disease. The viruses use two cellular receptors to infect myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells. Measles virus (MeV) remains an important cause of morbidity and mortality in humans, requiring animal models to study pathogenesis or intervention strategies. Experimental MeV infections in non-human primates are restricted by ethical and practical constraints, and animal morbillivirus infections in natural host species have been considered as alternatives. Inoculation of ferrets with wild-type canine distemper virus (CDV) has been used for this purpose, but in most cases, the virus overwhelms the immune system and causes highly lethal disease. Introduction of an additional transcription unit and an additional attenuating point mutation in the polymerase yielded a candidate virus that caused self-limiting disease with transient viremia and virus shedding. This rationally attenuated CDV strain can be used for experimental morbillivirus infections in ferrets that reflect measles in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Natasha L. Tilston-Lunel
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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4
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Fröberg J, Koomen VJCH, van der Gaast-de Jongh CE, Philipsen R, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, Baas MC, van der Molen RG, de Jonge MI, Hilbrands LB, Huynen MA, Diavatopoulos DA. Primary Exposure to SARS-CoV-2 via Infection or Vaccination Determines Mucosal Antibody-Dependent ACE2 Binding Inhibition. J Infect Dis 2024; 229:137-146. [PMID: 37675756 PMCID: PMC10786246 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Revised: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mucosal antibodies play a critical role in preventing SARS-CoV-2 infections or reinfections by blocking the interaction of the receptor-binding domain (RBD) with the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor on the cell surface. In this study, we investigated the difference between the mucosal antibody response after primary infection and vaccination. METHODS We assessed longitudinal changes in the quantity and capacity of nasal antibodies to neutralize the interaction of RBD with the ACE2 receptor using the spike protein and RBD from ancestral SARS-CoV-2 (Wuhan-Hu-1), as well as the RBD from the Delta and Omicron variants. RESULTS Significantly higher mucosal IgA concentrations were detected postinfection vs postvaccination, while vaccination induced higher IgG concentrations. However, ACE2-inhibiting activity did not differ between the cohorts. Regarding whether IgA or IgG drove ACE2 inhibition, infection-induced binding inhibition was driven by both isotypes, while postvaccination binding inhibition was mainly driven by IgG. CONCLUSIONS Our study provides new insights into the relationship between antibody isotypes and neutralization by using a sensitive and high-throughput ACE2 binding inhibition assay. Key differences are highlighted between vaccination and infection at the mucosal level, showing that despite differences in the response quantity, postinfection and postvaccination ACE2 binding inhibition capacity did not differ.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janeri Fröberg
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Vera J C H Koomen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | | | - Ria Philipsen
- Radboud Technology Center Clinical Studies, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam
| | - Marije C Baas
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Marien I de Jonge
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
| | - Martijn A Huynen
- Department of Medical BioSciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
- Radboudumc Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen
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Hoek RAS, Liu S, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Verschuuren EAM, Vonk JM, Hellemons ME, Kool M, Wijbenga N, Bogers S, Scherbeijn S, Rugebregt S, van Gemert JP, Steenhuis WN, Niesters HGM, van Baarle D, de Vries RD, Van Leer Buter C. Humoral and cellular immune responses after COVID-19 vaccination of lung transplant recipients and patients on the waiting list: a 6-month follow-up. Front Immunol 2024; 14:1254659. [PMID: 38239369 PMCID: PMC10794507 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1254659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Data on cellular response and the decay of antibodies and T cells in time are scarce in lung transplant recipients (LTRs). Additionally, the development and durability of humoral and cellular immune responses have not been investigated in patients on the waitlist for lung transplantation (WLs). Here, we report our 6-month follow-up of humoral and cellular immune responses of LTRs and WLs, compared with controls. Methods Humoral responses to two doses of the mRNA-1273 vaccination were assessed by determining spike (S)-specific IgG antibodies and neutralizing antibodies. Cellular responses were investigated by interferon gamma (IFN-γ) release assay (IGRA) and IFN-γ ELISpot assay at 28 days and 6 months after the second vaccination. Results In LTRs, the level of antibodies and T-cell responses was significantly lower at 28 days after the second vaccination. Also, WLs had lower antibody titers and lower T-cell responses compared with controls. Six months after the second vaccination, all groups showed a decrease in antibody titers and T-cell responses. In WLs, the rate of decline of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses was significantly higher than in controls. Conclusion Our results show that humoral and cellular responses in LTRs, if they develop, decrease at rates comparable with controls. In contrast, the inferior cellular responses and the rapid decay of both humoral and cellular responses in the WL groups imply that WLs may not be protected adequately by two vaccinations and repeat boostering may be necessary to induce protection that lasts beyond the months immediately post-transplantation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier A. S. Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Siqi Liu
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Erik A. M. Verschuuren
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Merel E. Hellemons
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam Kool
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nynke Wijbenga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Scherbeijn
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sharona Rugebregt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johanna P. van Gemert
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Willie N. Steenhuis
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Hubert G. M. Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Coretta Van Leer Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
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Shamier MC, Zaeck LM, de Vries RD, GeurtsvanKessel CH. The implications of mpox breakthrough infections on future vaccination strategies. Lancet Infect Dis 2024; 24:6-8. [PMID: 37678310 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00518-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Accepted: 08/08/2023] [Indexed: 09/09/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Marc C Shamier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands.
| | - Luca M Zaeck
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015 GD, Netherlands
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7
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Schmitz KS, Comvalius AD, Nieuwkoop NJ, Geers D, Weiskopf D, Ramsauer K, Sette A, Tschismarov R, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. A measles virus-based vaccine induces robust chikungunya virus-specific CD4 + T-cell responses in a phase II clinical trial. Vaccine 2023; 41:6495-6504. [PMID: 37726181 DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2023.09.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/21/2023]
Abstract
Chikungunya virus (CHIKV) is an alphavirus transmitted by mosquitos that causes a debilitating disease characterized by fever and long-lasting polyarthralgia. To date, no vaccine has been licensed, but multiple vaccine candidates are under evaluation in clinical trials. One of these vaccines is based on a measles virus vector encoding for the CHIKV structural genes C, E3, E2, 6K, and E1 (MV-CHIK), which proved safe in phase I and II clinical trials and elicited CHIKV-specific antibody responses in adult measles seropositive vaccine recipients. Here, we predicted T-cell epitopes in the CHIKV structural genes and investigated whether MV-CHIK vaccination induced CHIKV-specific CD4+ and/or CD8+ T-cell responses. Immune-dominant regions containing multiple epitopes in silico predicted to bind to HLA class II molecules were found for four of the five structural proteins, while no such regions were predicted for HLA class I. Experimentally, CHIKV-specific CD4+ T-cells were detected in six out of twelve participants after a single MV-CHIK vaccination and more robust responses were found 4 weeks after two vaccinations (ten out of twelve participants). T-cells were mainly directed against the three large structural proteins C, E2 and E1. Next, we sorted and expanded CHIKV-specific T cell clones (TCC) and identified human CHIKV T-cell epitopes by deconvolution. Interestingly, eight out of nine CD4+ TCC recognized an epitope in accordance with the in silico prediction. CHIKV-specific CD8+ T-cells induced by MV-CHIK vaccination were inconsistently detected. Our data show that the MV-CHIK vector vaccine induced a functional transgene-specific CD4+ T cell response which, together with the evidence of neutralizing antibodies as correlate of protection for CHIKV, makes MV-CHIK a promising vaccine candidate in the prevention of chikungunya.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Katrin Ramsauer
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Roland Tschismarov
- Themis Bioscience GmbH, Vienna, Austria, a Subsidiary of Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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8
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Malahe SRK, Hartog YD, Rietdijk WJR, van Baarle D, de Kuiper R, Reijerkerk D, Ras AM, Geers D, Diavatopoulos DA, Messchendorp AL, van der Molen RG, Remmerswaal EBM, Bemelman FJ, Gansevoort RT, Hilbrands LB, Sanders JS, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Kho MML, de Vries RD, Reinders MEJ, Baan CC. The role of interleukin-21 in COVID-19 vaccine-induced B cell-mediated immune responses in patients with kidney disease and kidney transplant recipients. Am J Transplant 2023; 23:1411-1424. [PMID: 37270109 PMCID: PMC10234364 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajt.2023.05.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2022] [Revised: 05/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
T-cell-mediated help to B cells is required for the development of humoral responses, in which the cytokine interleukin (IL)-21 is key. Here, we studied the mRNA-1273 vaccine-induced SARS-CoV-2-specific memory T-cell IL-21 response, memory B cell response, and immunoglobulin (Ig)G antibody levels in peripheral blood at 28 days after the second vaccination by ELISpot and the fluorescent bead-based multiplex immunoassay, respectively. We included 40 patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), 34 patients on dialysis, 63 kidney transplant recipients (KTR), and 47 controls. We found that KTR, but not patients with CKD and those receiving dialysis, showed a significantly lower number of SARS-CoV-2-specific IL-21 producing T cells than controls (P < .001). KTR and patients with CKD showed lower numbers of SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG-producing memory B cells when compared with controls (P < .001 and P = .01, respectively). The T-cell IL-21 response was positively associated with the SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell response and the SARS-CoV-2 spike S1-specific IgG antibody levels (both Pearson r = 0.5; P < .001). In addition, SARS-CoV-2-specific B cell responses were shown to be IL-21 dependent. Taken together, we show that IL-21 signaling is important in eliciting robust B cell-mediated immune responses in patients with kidney disease and KTR.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Reshwan K Malahe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvette den Hartog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Ronella de Kuiper
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Derek Reijerkerk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alicia M Ras
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands; Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - A Lianne Messchendorp
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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9
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Raadsen MP, Dahlke C, Fathi A, Lamers MM, van den Doel P, Zaeck LM, van Royen ME, de Bruin E, Sikkema R, Koopmans M, van Gorp ECM, Sutter G, de Vries RD, Addo MM, Haagmans BL. Monkeypox Virus Cross-Neutralizing Antibodies in Clinical Trial Participants Vaccinated With Modified Vaccinia Virus Ankara Encoding Middle East Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus Spike Protein. J Infect Dis 2023; 228:586-590. [PMID: 36857443 PMCID: PMC10469103 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiad052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Modified vaccinia virus Ankara (MVA) is used as a vaccine against monkeypox virus and as a viral vaccine vector. MVA-MERS-S is a vaccine candidate against Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS)-associated coronavirus. Here, we report that cross-reactive monkeypox virus neutralizing antibodies were detectable in only a single study participant after the first dose of MVA-MERS-S vaccine, in 3 of 10 after the second dose, and in 10 of 10 after the third dose.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christine Dahlke
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Anahita Fathi
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Luca M Zaeck
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Erwin de Bruin
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Division of Pathology, Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Reina Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Gerd Sutter
- Division of Virology, LMU University of Munich, Institute for Infectious Diseases and Zoonoses, Munich, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner Site Munich, Munich, Germany
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marylyn M Addo
- University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Institute for Infection Research and Vaccine Development (IIRVD), Hamburg, Germany
- Department for Clinical Immunology of Infectious Diseases, Bernhard-Nocht-Institute for Tropical Medicine, Hamburg, Germany
- German Center for Infection Research, Partner site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Hamburg, Germany
- First Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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10
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Laksono BM, Roelofs D, Comvalius AD, Schmitz KS, Rijsbergen LC, Geers D, Nambulli S, van Run P, Duprex WP, van den Brand JMA, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. Infection of ferrets with wild type-based recombinant canine distemper virus overwhelms the immune system and causes fatal systemic disease. mSphere 2023; 8:e0008223. [PMID: 37377421 PMCID: PMC10449521 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00082-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 04/12/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Canine distemper virus (CDV) causes systemic infection resulting in severe and often fatal disease in a large spectrum of animal host species. The virus is closely related to measles virus and targets myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells, but CDV is more virulent and the infection spreads more rapidly within the infected host. Here, we aimed to study the pathogenesis of wild-type CDV infection by experimentally inoculating ferrets with recombinant CDV (rCDV) based on an isolate directly obtained from a naturally infected raccoon. The recombinant virus was engineered to express a fluorescent reporter protein, facilitating assessment of viral tropism and virulence. In ferrets, this wild type-based rCDV infected myeloid, lymphoid, and epithelial cells, and the infection resulted in systemic dissemination to multiple tissues and organs, especially those of the lymphatic system. High infection percentages in immune cells resulted in depletion of these cells both from circulation and from lymphoid tissues. The majority of CDV-infected ferrets reached their humane endpoints within 20 d and had to be euthanized. In that period, the virus also reached the central nervous system in several ferrets, but we did not observe the development of neurological complications during the study period of 23 d. Two out of 14 ferrets survived CDV infection and developed neutralizing antibodies. We show for the first time the pathogenesis of a non-adapted wild type-based rCDV in ferrets. IMPORTANCE Infection of ferrets with recombinant canine distemper virus (rCDV) expressing a fluorescent reporter protein has been used as proxy to understand measles pathogenesis and immune suppression in humans. CDV and measles virus use the same cellular receptors, but CDV is more virulent, and infection is often associated with neurological complications. rCDV strains in current use have complicated passage histories, which may have affected their pathogenesis. Here, we studied the pathogenesis of the first wild type-based rCDV in ferrets. We used macroscopic fluorescence to identify infected cells and tissues; multicolor flow cytometry to determine viral tropism in immune cells; and histopathology and immunohistochemistry to characterize infected cells and lesions in tissues. We conclude that CDV often overwhelmed the immune system, resulting in viral dissemination to multiple tissues in the absence of a detectable neutralizing antibody response. This virus is a promising tool to study the pathogenesis of morbillivirus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Dagmar Roelofs
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sham Nambulli
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Judith M. A. van den Brand
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Division of Pathology, Universiteit Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands
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11
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Roelofs D, Schmitz KS, van Amerongen G, Rijsbergen LC, Laksono BM, Comvalius AD, Nambulli S, Rennick LJ, van Run P, Duprex WP, van den Brand JMA, de Swart RL, de Vries RD. Inoculation of raccoons with a wild-type-based recombinant canine distemper virus results in viremia, lymphopenia, fever, and widespread histological lesions. mSphere 2023; 8:e0014423. [PMID: 37314205 PMCID: PMC10449507 DOI: 10.1128/msphere.00144-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Raccoons are naturally susceptible to canine distemper virus (CDV) infection and can be a potential source of spill-over events. CDV is a highly contagious morbillivirus that infects multiple species of carnivores and omnivores, resulting in severe and often fatal disease. Here, we used a recombinant CDV (rCDV) based on a full-genome sequence detected in a naturally infected raccoon to perform pathogenesis studies in raccoons. Five raccoons were inoculated intratracheally with a recombinant virus engineered to express a fluorescent reporter protein, and extensive virological, serological, histological, and immunohistochemical assessments were performed at different time points post inoculation. rCDV-infected white blood cells were detected as early as 4 days post inoculation (dpi). Raccoon necropsies at 6 and 8 dpi revealed replication in the lymphoid tissues, preceding spread into peripheral tissues observed during necropsies at 21 dpi. Whereas lymphocytes, and to a lesser extent myeloid cells, were the main target cells of CDV at early time points, CDV additionally targeted epithelia at 21 dpi. At this later time point, CDV-infected cells were observed throughout the host. We observed lymphopenia and lymphocyte depletion from lymphoid tissues after CDV infection, in the absence of detectable CDV neutralizing antibodies and an impaired ability to clear CDV, indicating that the animals were severely immunosuppressed. The use of a wild-type-based recombinant virus in a natural host species infection study allowed systematic and sensitive assessment of antigen detection by immunohistochemistry, enabling further comparative pathology studies of CDV infection in different species. IMPORTANCE Expansion of the human interface supports increased interactions between humans and peridomestic species like raccoons. Raccoons are highly susceptible to canine distemper virus (CDV) and are considered an important target species. Spill-over events are increasingly likely, potentially resulting in fatal CDV infections in domestic and free ranging carnivores. CDV also poses a threat for (non-human) primates, as massive outbreaks in macaque colonies were reported. CDV pathogenesis was studied by experimental inoculation of several species, but pathogenesis in raccoons was not properly studied. Recently, we generated a recombinant virus based on a full-genome sequence detected in a naturally infected raccoon. Here, we studied CDV pathogenesis in its natural host species and show that distemper completely overwhelms the immune system and spreads to virtually all tissues, including the central nervous system. Despite this, raccoons survived up to 21 d post inoculation with long-term shedding, supporting an important role of raccoons as host species for CDV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dagmar Roelofs
- Division of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Sham Nambulli
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Linda J. Rennick
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Center for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | | | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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12
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Bauer L, Rijsbergen LC, Leijten L, Benavides FF, Noack D, Lamers MM, Haagmans BL, de Vries RD, de Swart RL, van Riel D. The pro-inflammatory response to influenza A virus infection is fueled by endothelial cells. Life Sci Alliance 2023; 6:e202201837. [PMID: 37072183 PMCID: PMC10114347 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202201837] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2022] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Morbidity and mortality from influenza are associated with high levels of systemic inflammation. Endothelial cells play a key role in systemic inflammatory responses during severe influenza A virus (IAV) infections, despite being rarely infected in humans. How endothelial cells contribute to systemic inflammatory responses is unclear. Here, we developed a transwell system in which airway organoid-derived differentiated human lung epithelial cells were co-cultured with primary human lung microvascular endothelial cells (LMECs). We compared the susceptibility of LMECs to pandemic H1N1 virus and recent seasonal H1N1 and H3N2 viruses and assessed the associated pro-inflammatory responses. Despite the detection of IAV nucleoprotein in LMEC mono-cultures, there was no evidence for productive infection. In epithelial-endothelial co-cultures, abundant IAV infection of epithelial cells resulted in the breakdown of the epithelial barrier, but infection of LMECs was rarely detected. We observed a significantly higher secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines in LMECs when co-cultured with IAV-infected epithelial cells than LMEC mono-cultures exposed to IAV. Taken together, our data show that LMECs are abortively infected by IAV but can fuel the inflammatory response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa Bauer
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Lonneke Leijten
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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13
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Petrone L, Sette A, de Vries RD, Goletti D. The Importance of Measuring SARS-CoV-2-Specific T-Cell Responses in an Ongoing Pandemic. Pathogens 2023; 12:862. [PMID: 37513709 PMCID: PMC10385870 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens12070862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Neutralizing antibodies are considered a correlate of protection against SARS-CoV-2 infection and severe COVID-19, although they are not the only contributing factor to immunity: T-cell responses are considered important in protecting against severe COVID-19 and contributing to the success of vaccination effort. T-cell responses after vaccination largely mirror those of natural infection in magnitude and functional capacity, but not in breadth, as T-cells induced by vaccination exclusively target the surface spike glycoprotein. T-cell responses offer a long-lived line of defense and, unlike humoral responses, largely retain reactivity against the SARS-CoV-2 variants. Given the increasingly recognized role of T-cell responses in protection against severe COVID-19, the circulation of SARS-CoV-2 variants, and the potential implementation of novel vaccines, it becomes imperative to continuously monitor T-cell responses. In addition to "classical" T-cell assays requiring the isolation of peripheral blood mononuclear cells, simple whole-blood-based interferon-γ release assays have a potential role in routine T-cell response monitoring. These assays could be particularly useful for immunocompromised people and other clinically vulnerable populations, where interactions between cellular and humoral immunity are complex. As we continue to live alongside COVID-19, the importance of considering immunity as a whole, incorporating both humoral and cellular responses, is crucial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Petrone
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA;
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Delia Goletti
- Translational Research Unit, National Institute for Infectious Diseases “Lazzaro Spallanzani”-IRCCS, 00149 Rome, Italy;
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14
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van Leeuwen LPM, Grobben M, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Ellerbroek PM, de Bree GJ, Potjewijd J, Rutgers A, Jolink H, van de Veerdonk FL, van Gils MJ, de Vries RD, Dalm VASH. Immune Responses 6 Months After mRNA-1273 COVID-19 Vaccination and the Effect of a Third Vaccination in Patients with Inborn Errors of Immunity. J Clin Immunol 2023:10.1007/s10875-023-01514-7. [PMID: 37231290 DOI: 10.1007/s10875-023-01514-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Effective long-term protection against COVID-19 is therefore of great importance in these patients, but little is known about the decay of the immune response after primary vaccination. We studied the immune responses 6 months after two mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccines in 473 IEI patients and subsequently the response to a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in 50 patients with common variable immunodeficiency (CVID). METHODS In a prospective multicenter study, 473 IEI patients (including X-linked agammaglobulinemia (XLA) (N = 18), combined immunodeficiency (CID) (N = 22), CVID (N = 203), isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies (N = 204), and phagocyte defects (N = 16)), and 179 controls were included and followed up to 6 months after two doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. Additionally, samples were collected from 50 CVID patients who received a third vaccine 6 months after primary vaccination through the national vaccination program. SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG titers, neutralizing antibodies, and T cell responses were assessed. RESULTS At 6 months after vaccination, the geometric mean antibody titers (GMT) declined in both IEI patients and healthy controls, when compared to GMT 28 days after vaccination. The trajectory of this decline did not differ between controls and most IEI cohorts; however, antibody titers in CID, CVID, and isolated antibody deficiency patients more often dropped to below the responder cut-off compared to controls. Specific T cell responses were still detectable in 77% of controls and 68% of IEI patients at 6 months post vaccination. A third mRNA vaccine resulted in an antibody response in only two out of 30 CVID patients that did not seroconvert after two mRNA vaccines. CONCLUSION A similar decline in IgG titers and T cell responses was observed in patients with IEI when compared to healthy controls 6 months after mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination. The limited beneficial benefit of a third mRNA COVID-19 vaccine in previous non-responder CVID patients implicates that other protective strategies are needed for these vulnerable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne P M van Leeuwen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Travel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Godelieve J de Bree
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Jolink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank L van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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15
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den Hartog Y, Malahe SRK, Rietdijk WJR, Dieterich M, Gommers L, Geers D, Bogers S, van Baarle D, Diavatopoulos DA, Messchendorp AL, van der Molen RG, Remmerswaal EBM, Bemelman FJ, Gansevoort RT, Hilbrands LB, Sanders JS, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Kho MML, Reinders MEJ, de Vries RD, Baan CC. Th 1-dominant cytokine responses in kidney patients after COVID-19 vaccination are associated with poor humoral responses. NPJ Vaccines 2023; 8:70. [PMID: 37198189 DOI: 10.1038/s41541-023-00664-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytokines are regulators of the immune response against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the contribution of cytokine-secreting CD4+ and CD8+ memory T cells to the SARS-CoV-2-specific humoral immune response in immunocompromised kidney patients is unknown. Here, we profiled 12 cytokines after stimulation of whole blood obtained 28 days post second 100 μg mRNA-1273 vaccination with peptides covering the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S)-protein from patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stage 4/5, on dialysis, kidney transplant recipients (KTR), and healthy controls. Unsupervised hierarchical clustering analysis revealed two distinct vaccine-induced cytokine profiles. The first profile was characterized by high levels of T-helper (Th)1 (IL-2, TNF-α, and IFN-γ) and Th2 (IL-4, IL-5, IL-13) cytokines, and low levels of Th17 (IL-17A, IL-22) and Th9 (IL-9) cytokines. This cluster was dominated by patients with CKD, on dialysis, and healthy controls. In contrast, the second cytokine profile contained predominantly KTRs producing mainly Th1 cytokines upon re-stimulation, with lower levels or absence of Th2, Th17, and Th9 cytokines. Multivariate analyses indicated that a balanced memory T cell response with the production of Th1 and Th2 cytokines was associated with high levels of S1-specific binding and neutralizing antibodies mainly at 6 months after second vaccination. In conclusion, seroconversion is associated with the balanced production of cytokines by memory T cells. This emphasizes the importance of measuring multiple T cell cytokines to understand their influence on seroconversion and potentially gain more information about the protection induced by vaccine-induced memory T cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yvette den Hartog
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - S Reshwan K Malahe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjolein Dieterich
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - A Lianne Messchendorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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16
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Mykytyn AZ, Rosu ME, Kok A, Rissmann M, van Amerongen G, Geurtsvankessel C, de Vries RD, Munnink BBO, Smith DJ, Koopmans MPG, Lamers MM, Fouchier RAM, Haagmans BL. Antigenic mapping of emerging SARS-CoV-2 omicron variants BM.1.1.1, BQ.1.1, and XBB.1. Lancet Microbe 2023; 4:e294-e295. [PMID: 36657480 PMCID: PMC9842387 DOI: 10.1016/s2666-5247(22)00384-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2022] [Revised: 12/14/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Miruna E Rosu
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Adinda Kok
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Bas B Oude Munnink
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Derek J Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam 3015CN, Netherlands.
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17
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Tan NH, Geers D, Sablerolles RSG, Rietdijk WJR, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Bogers S, van Dijk LLA, Gommers L, van Leeuwen LPM, Boerma A, Nijhof SH, van Dort KA, Koopmans MPG, Dalm VASH, Lafeber M, Kootstra NA, Huckriede ALW, van Baarle D, Zaeck LM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, van der Kuy PHM. Immunogenicity of bivalent omicron (BA.1) booster vaccination after different priming regimens in health-care workers in the Netherlands (SWITCH ON): results from the direct boost group of an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2023:S1473-3099(23)00140-8. [PMID: 37088096 PMCID: PMC10188122 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(23)00140-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bivalent mRNA-based COVID-19 vaccines encoding the ancestral and omicron spike (S) protein were developed as a countermeasure against antigenically distinct SARS-CoV-2 variants. We aimed to assess the (variant-specific) immunogenicity and reactogenicity of mRNA-based bivalent omicron (BA.1) vaccines in individuals who were primed with adenovirus-based or mRNA-based vaccines encoding the ancestral spike protein. METHODS We analysed results of the direct boost group of the SWITCH ON study, an open-label, multicentre, randomised controlled trial. Health-care workers from four academic hospitals in the Netherlands aged 18-65 years who had completed a primary COVID-19 vaccination regimen and received one booster of an mRNA-based vaccine, given no later than 3 months previously, were eligible. Participants were randomly assigned (1:1) using computer software in block sizes of 16 and 24 to receive an omicron BA.1 bivalent booster straight away (direct boost group) or a bivalent omicron BA.5 booster, postponed for 90 days (postponed boost group), stratified by priming regimen. The BNT162b2 OMI BA.1 boost was given to participants younger than 45 years, and the mRNA-1273.214 boost was given to participants 45 years or older, as per Dutch guidelines. The direct boost group, whose results are presented here, were divided into four subgroups for analysis: (1) Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson & Johnson) prime and BNT162b2 OMI BA.1 (BioNTech-Pfizer) boost (Ad/P), (2) mRNA-based prime and BNT162b2 OMI BA.1 boost (mRNA/P), (3) Ad26.COV2.S prime and mRNA-1273.214 (Moderna) boost (Ad/M), and (4) mRNA-based prime and mRNA-1273.214 boost (mRNA/M). The primary outcome was fold change in S protein S1 subunit-specific IgG antibodies before and 28 days after booster vaccination. The primary outcome and safety were assessed in all participants except those who withdrew, had a SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough infection, or had a missing blood sample at day 0 or day 28. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05471440. FINDINGS Between Sept 2 and Oct 4, 2022, 219 (50%) of 434 eligible participants were randomly assigned to the direct boost group; 187 participants were included in the primary analyses; exclusions were mainly due to SARS-CoV-2 infection between days 0 and 28. From the 187 included participants, 138 (74%) were female and 49 (26%) were male. 42 (22%) of 187 participants received Ad/P and 44 (24%) mRNA/P (those aged <45 years), and 45 (24%) had received Ad/M and 56 (30%) mRNA/M (those aged ≥45 years). S1-specific binding antibody concentrations increased 7 days after bivalent booster vaccination and remained stable over 28 days in all four subgroups (geometric mean ratio [GMR] between day 0 and day 28 was 1·15 [95% CI 1·12-1·19] for the Ad/P group, 1·17 [1·14-1·20] for the mRNA/P group, 1·20 [1·17-1·23] for the Ad/M group, and 1·16 [1·13-1·19] for the mRNA/M group). We observed no significant difference in the GMR between the Ad/P and mRNA/P groups (p=0·51). The GMR appeared to be higher in the Ad/M group than in the mRNA/M group, but was not significant (p=0·073). Most side-effects were mild to moderate in severity and resolved within 48 h in most individuals. INTERPRETATION Booster vaccination with mRNA-1273.214 or BNT162b2 OMI BA.1 in adult healthcare workers resulted in a rapid recall of humoral and cellular immune responses independent of the priming regimen. Monitoring of SARS-CoV-2 immunity at the population level, and simultaneously antigenic drift at the virus level, remains crucial to assess the necessity and timing of COVID-19 variant-specific booster vaccinations. FUNDING The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development (ZonMw).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc H Tan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands; Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Annemarie Boerma
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sander H Nijhof
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Karel A van Dort
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke L W Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands; Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Luca M Zaeck
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Hugo M van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
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18
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Zaeck LM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD. COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness and evolving variants: understanding the immunological footprint. Lancet Respir Med 2023; 11:395-396. [PMID: 37080227 PMCID: PMC10109542 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(23)00140-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 04/22/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Luca M Zaeck
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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19
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Kho MML, Messchendorp AL, Frölke SC, Imhof C, Koomen VJCH, Malahe SRK, Vart P, Geers D, de Vries RD, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Baan CC, van der Molen RG, Diavatopoulos DA, Remmerswaal EBM, van Baarle D, van Binnendijk R, den Hartog G, de Vries APJ, Gansevoort RT, Bemelman FJ, Reinders MEJ, Sanders JSF, Hilbrands LB, Baas MC, Bouwmans P, ten Dam MA, Gommers L, Standaar D, van der Heiden M, Adema YM, Boer-Verschragen MJ, Mattheussens WB, Philipsen RH, van Mourik D, Bogers S, van Dijk LL, Rots N, Smits G, Kuijer M, Hemmelder MH. Alternative strategies to increase the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in kidney transplant recipients not responding to two or three doses of an mRNA vaccine (RECOVAC): a randomised clinical trial. Lancet Infect Dis 2023; 23:307-319. [PMID: 36354032 PMCID: PMC9760034 DOI: 10.1016/s1473-3099(22)00650-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An urgent need exists to improve the suboptimal COVID-19 vaccine response in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs). We aimed to compare three alternative strategies with a control single dose mRNA-1273 vaccination: a double vaccine dose, heterologous vaccination, and temporary discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. METHODS This open-label randomised trial, done in four university medical centres in the Netherlands, enrolled KTRs without seroconversion after two or three doses of an mRNA vaccine. Between Oct 20, 2021, and Feb 2, 2022, 230 KTRs were randomly assigned block-wise per centre by a web-based system in a 1:1:1 manner to receive 100 μg mRNA-1273, 2 × 100 μg mRNA-1273, or Ad26.COV2-S vaccination. In addition, 103 KTRs receiving 100 μg mRNA-1273, were randomly assigned 1:1 to continue (mycophenolate mofetil+) or discontinue (mycophenolate mofetil-) mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid treatment for 2 weeks. The primary outcome was the percentage of participants with a spike protein (S1)-specific IgG concentration of at least 10 binding antibody units per mL at 28 days after vaccination, assessed in all participants who had a baseline measurement and who completed day 28 after vaccination without SARS-CoV-2 infection. Safety was assessed as a secondary outcome in all vaccinated patients by incidence of solicited adverse events, acute rejection or other serious adverse events. This trial is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, NCT05030974 and is closed. FINDINGS Between April 23, 2021, and July 2, 2021, of 12 158 invited Dutch KTRs, 3828 with a functioning kidney transplant participated in a national survey for antibody measurement after COVID-19 vaccination. Of these patients, 1311 did not seroconvert after their second vaccination and another 761 not even after a third. From these seronegative patients, 345 agreed to participate in our repeated vaccination study. Vaccination with 2 × mRNA-1273 or Ad26.COV2-S was not superior to single mRNA-1273, with seroresponse rates of 49 (68%) of 72 (95% CI 56-79), 46 (63%) of 73 (51-74), and 50 (68%) of 73 (57-79), respectively. The difference with single mRNA-1273 was -0·4% (-16 to 15; p=0·96) for 2 × mRNA-1273 and -6% (-21 to 10; p=0·49) for Ad26.COV2-S. Mycophenolate mofetil- was also not superior to mycophenolate mofetil+, with seroresponse rates of 37 (80%) of 46 (66-91) and 31 (67%) of 46 (52-80), and a difference of 13% (-5 to 31; p=0·15). Local adverse events were more frequent after a single and double dose of mRNA-1273 than after Ad26.COV2-S (65 [92%] of 71, 67 [92%] of 73, and 38 [50%] of 76, respectively; p<0·0001). No acute rejection occurred. There were no serious adverse events related to vaccination. INTERPRETATION Repeated vaccination increases SARS-CoV-2-specific antibodies in KTRs, without further enhancement by use of a higher dose, a heterologous vaccine, or 2 weeks discontinuation of mycophenolate mofetil or mycophenolic acid. To achieve a stronger response, possibly required to neutralise new virus variants, repeated booster vaccination is needed. FUNDING The Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development and the Dutch Kidney Foundation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - A Lianne Messchendorp
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Sophie C Frölke
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Celine Imhof
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Vera JCH Koomen
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - S Reshwan K Malahe
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands,Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Aiko P J de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,Department of Nephrology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands.
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20
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Jongkees MJ, Geers D, Hensley KS, Huisman W, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Bogers S, Gommers L, Papageorgiou G, Jochems SP, den Hollander JG, Schippers EF, Ammerlaan HSM, Bierman WFW, van der Valk M, Berrevoets MAH, Soetekouw R, Langebeek N, Bruns AHW, Leyten EMS, Sigaloff KCE, van Vonderen MGA, Delsing CE, Branger J, Katsikis PD, Mueller YM, de Vries RD, Rijnders BJA, Brinkman K, Rokx C, Roukens AHE. Immunogenicity of an Additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People With HIV With Hyporesponse After Primary Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:651-662. [PMID: 36402141 PMCID: PMC9978319 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVIH study is a prospective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination study in 1154 people with HIV (PWH), of whom 14% showed reduced antibody levels after primary vaccination. We evaluated whether an additional vaccination boosts immune responses in these hyporesponders. METHODS The primary end point was the increase in antibodies 28 days after additional mRNA-1273 vaccination. Secondary end points included neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell and B-cell responses, and reactogenicity. RESULTS Of the 66 participants, 40 previously received 2 doses ChAdOx1-S, 22 received 2 doses BNT162b2, and 4 received a single dose Ad26.COV2.S. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR], 60-66), 86% were male, and median CD4+ T-cell count was 650/μL (IQR, 423-941). The mean S1-specific antibody level increased from 35 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 24-46) to 4317 BAU/mL (95% CI, 3275-5360) (P < .0001). Of all participants, 97% showed an adequate response and the 45 antibody-negative participants all seroconverted. A significant increase in the proportion of PWH with ancestral S-specific CD4+ T cells (P = .04) and S-specific B cells (P = .02) was observed. CONCLUSIONS An additional mRNA-1273 vaccination induced a robust serological response in 97% of PWH with a hyporesponse after primary vaccination. Clinical Trials Registration. EUCTR2021-001054-57-N.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlou J Jongkees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn S Hensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wesley Huisman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G den Hollander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi S M Ammerlaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter F W Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, DC Klinieken, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin A H Berrevoets
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Langebeek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Anke H W Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eliane M S Leyten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Haaglanden Medical Centre, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Kim C E Sigaloff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Corine E Delsing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Schmitz KS, Eblé PL, van Gennip RGP, Maris-Veldhuis MA, de Vries RD, van Keulen LJM, de Swart RL, van Rijn PA. Pathogenesis of wild-type- and vaccine-based recombinant peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) expressing EGFP in experimentally infected domestic goats. J Gen Virol 2023; 104. [PMID: 36757863 DOI: 10.1099/jgv.0.001828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Peste des petits ruminants virus (PPRV) is a highly contagious morbillivirus related to measles and canine distemper virus, mostly affecting small ruminants. The corresponding PPR disease has a high clinical impact in goats and is characterized by fever, oral and nasal erosions, diarrhoea and pneumonia. In addition, massive infection of lymphoid tissues causes lymphopaenia and immune suppression. This results in increased susceptibility to secondary bacterial infections, explaining the observed high mortality in some outbreaks. We studied the pathogenesis of PPR by experimental inoculation of Dutch domestic goats with a recombinant virulent PPRV strain modified to express EGFP and compared it to an EGFP-expressing vaccine strain of PPRV. After intratracheal inoculation with virulent PPRV, animals developed fever, viraemia and leucopaenia, and shed virus from the respiratory and gastro-intestinal tracts. Macroscopic evaluation of fluorescence at the peak of infection 7 days post-inoculation (dpi) showed prominent PPRV infection of the respiratory tract, lymphoid tissues, gastro-intestinal tract, mucosae and skin. Flow cytometry of PBMCs collected over time demonstrated a cell-associated viraemia mediated by infected lymphocytes. At 14 dpi, pathognomonic zebra stripes were detected in the mucosa of the large intestine. In contrast, vaccine strain-inoculated goats remained largely macroscopically fluorescence negative and did not present clinical signs. A low-level viraemia was detected by flow cytometry, but at necropsy no histological lesions were observed. Animals from both groups seroconverted as early as 7 dpi and sera efficiently neutralized virulent PPRV in vitro. Combined, this work presents a study of the pathogenesis of wild type- and vaccine-based PPRV in its natural host. This study shows the strength of recombinant EGFP-expressing viruses in fluorescence-guided pathogenesis studies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Phaedra L Eblé
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - René G P van Gennip
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucien J M van Keulen
- Department of Infection Biology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands
| | - Piet A van Rijn
- Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, Netherlands.,Department of Biochemistry, Centre of Human Metabolomics, North-West University, Potchefstroom, South Africa
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22
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de Vries RD, de Swart RL. Antibodies face the challenge against human respiratory syncytial virus. Cell Host Microbe 2023; 31:135-136. [PMID: 36634618 DOI: 10.1016/j.chom.2022.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In the December 22 issue of Cell, Bartsch et al. describe functional profiling of the antibody response to respiratory syncytial virus in human adults vaccinated with an experimental adenovirus-based prefusion-stabilized HRSV-F vaccine and subsequently intranasally challenged with HRSV. The authors identified various antibody effector functions as humoral correlates of protection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Virology, Wageningen Bioveterinary Research, Lelystad, the Netherlands.
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23
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Zaeck LM, Lamers MM, Verstrepen BE, Bestebroer TM, van Royen ME, Götz H, Shamier MC, van Leeuwen LPM, Schmitz KS, Alblas K, van Efferen S, Bogers S, Scherbeijn S, Rimmelzwaan GF, van Gorp ECM, Koopmans MPG, Haagmans BL, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD. Low levels of monkeypox virus-neutralizing antibodies after MVA-BN vaccination in healthy individuals. Nat Med 2023; 29:270-278. [PMID: 36257333 PMCID: PMC9873555 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-02090-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 81.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
In July 2022, the ongoing monkeypox (MPX) outbreak was declared a public health emergency of international concern. Modified vaccinia Ankara-Bavarian Nordic (MVA-BN, also known as Imvamune, JYNNEOS or Imvanex) is a third-generation smallpox vaccine that is authorized and in use as a vaccine against MPX. To date, there are no data showing MPX virus (MPXV)-neutralizing antibodies in vaccinated individuals nor vaccine efficacy against MPX. Here we show that MPXV-neutralizing antibodies can be detected after MPXV infection and after historic smallpox vaccination. However, a two-shot MVA-BN immunization series in non-primed individuals yields relatively low levels of MPXV-neutralizing antibodies. Dose-sparing of an MVA-based influenza vaccine leads to lower MPXV-neutralizing antibody levels, whereas a third vaccination with the same MVA-based vaccine significantly boosts the antibody response. As the role of MPXV-neutralizing antibodies as a correlate of protection against disease and transmissibility is currently unclear, we conclude that cohort studies following vaccinated individuals are necessary to assess vaccine efficacy in at-risk populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca M. Zaeck
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mart M. Lamers
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Babs E. Verstrepen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo M. Bestebroer
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannelore Götz
- grid.491204.a0000 0004 0459 9540Department Infectious Disease Control, Municipal Public Health Service Rotterdam–Rijnmond (GGD Rotterdam), Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc C. Shamier
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leanne P. M. van Leeuwen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katharina S. Schmitz
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Alblas
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Suzanne van Efferen
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sandra Scherbeijn
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Guus F. Rimmelzwaan
- grid.412970.90000 0001 0126 6191Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine Hannover, Hannover, Germany
| | - Eric C. M. van Gorp
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marion P. G. Koopmans
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- grid.5645.2000000040459992XDepartment of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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24
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de Vries RD, Hoschler K, Rimmelzwaan GF. ADCC: An underappreciated correlate of cross-protection against influenza? Front Immunol 2023; 14:1130725. [PMID: 36911705 PMCID: PMC9992787 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1130725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this short review, we summarized the results obtained with an assay to detect influenza virus-specific antibodies that mediate ADCC, which was developed and evaluated within the framework of the IMI-funded project "FLUCOP". HA-specific ADCC mediating antibodies were detected in serum samples from children and adults pre- and post-vaccination with monovalent, trivalent, or quadrivalent seasonal influenza vaccines, or following infection with H1N1pdm09 virus. Additionally, using chimeric influenza HA proteins, the presence of HA-stalk-specific ADCC mediating antibodies after vaccination and natural infection with H1N1pdm09 virus was demonstrated. With serum samples obtained from children that experienced a primary infection with an influenza B virus, we showed that primary infection induces HA-specific ADCC-mediating antibodies that cross-reacted with HA from influenza B viruses from the heterologous lineage. These cross-reactive antibodies were found to be directed to the HA stalk region. Antibodies directed to the influenza B virus HA head mediated low levels of ADCC. Finally, vaccination with a recombinant modified vaccinia virus Ankara expressing the HA gene of a clade 1 A(H5N1) highly pathogenic avian influenza virus led to the induction of ADCC-mediating antibodies, which cross-reacted with H5 viruses of antigenically distinct clades. Taken together, it is clear that virus-specific antibodies induced by infection or vaccination have immunological functionalities in addition to neutralization. These functionalities could contribute to protective immunity. The functional profiling of vaccine-induced antibodies may provide further insight into the effector functions of virus-specific antibodies and their contribution to virus-specific immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Katja Hoschler
- Virus Reference Department, Public Health England, London, United Kingdom
| | - Guus F Rimmelzwaan
- Research Center for Emerging Infections and Zoonoses, University of Veterinary Medicine, Hannover, Germany
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25
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Geers D, Sablerolles RS, van Baarle D, Kootstra NA, Rietdijk WJ, Schmitz KS, Gommers L, Bogers S, Nieuwkoop NJ, van Dijk LL, van Haren E, Lafeber M, Dalm VA, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Huckriede AL, Sette A, Grifoni A, de Swart RL, Koopmans MP, van der Kuy PHM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD. Ad26.COV2.S priming provided a solid immunological base for mRNA-based COVID-19 booster vaccination. iScience 2022; 26:105753. [PMID: 36507223 PMCID: PMC9726653 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of novel SARS-CoV-2 variants led to the recommendation of booster vaccinations after Ad26.COV2.S priming. It was previously shown that heterologous booster vaccination induces high antibody levels, but how heterologous boosters affect other functional aspects of the immune response remained unknown. Here, we performed immunological profiling of Ad26.COV2.S-primed individuals before and after homologous or heterologous (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2) booster. Booster vaccinations increased functional antibodies targeting ancestral SARS-CoV-2 and emerging variants. Especially heterologous booster vaccinations induced high levels of functional antibodies. In contrast, T-cell responses were similar in magnitude following homologous or heterologous booster vaccination and retained cross-reactivity towards variants. Booster vaccination led to a minimal expansion of SARS-CoV-2-specific T-cell clones and no increase in the breadth of the T-cell repertoire. In conclusion, we show that Ad26.COV2.S priming vaccination provided a solid immunological base for heterologous boosting, increasing humoral and cellular responses targeting emerging variants of concern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wim J.R. Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nella J. Nieuwkoop
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Laura L.A. van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eva van Haren
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A.S.H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, the Netherlands,Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Douwe F. Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Leo G. Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Anke L.W. Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA,Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology (LJI), La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands,Corresponding author
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26
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Tan NH, Sablerolles RSG, Rietdijk WJR, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Bogers S, Geers D, Zaeck LM, Koopmans MPG, Dalm VASH, Kootstra NA, Huckriede ALW, van Baarle D, Lafeber M, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, van der Kuy PHM. Analyzing the immunogenicity of bivalent booster vaccinations in healthcare workers: The SWITCH ON trial protocol. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1067749. [PMID: 36524126 PMCID: PMC9744953 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1067749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Vaccination against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has contributed greatly to providing protection against severe disease, thereby reducing hospital admissions and deaths. Several studies have reported reduction in vaccine effectiveness over time against the Omicron sub-lineages. However, the willingness to receive regular booster doses in the general population is declining. To determine the need for repeated booster vaccinations in healthy individuals and to aid policymakers in future public health interventions for COVID-19, we aim to gain insight into the immunogenicity of the additional bivalent booster vaccination in a representative sample of the healthy Dutch population. The SWITCH ON study was initiated to investigate three main topics: i) immunogenicity of bivalent vaccines after priming with adenovirus- or mRNA-based vaccines, ii) immunological recall responses and reactivity with relevant variants after booster vaccination, and iii) the necessity of booster vaccinations for the healthy population in the future. Clinical trial registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/, identifier NCT05471440.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ngoc H. Tan
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wim J. R. Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands,Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe F. Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Leo G. Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Luca M. Zaeck
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke L. W. Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul-Hugo Marie van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands,*Correspondence: Paul-Hugo Marie van der Kuy,
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27
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Hensley KS, Jongkees MJ, Geers D, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Mueller YM, Dalm VASH, Papageorgiou G, Steggink H, Gorska A, Bogers S, den Hollander JG, Bierman WFW, Gelinck LBS, Schippers EF, Ammerlaan HSM, van der Valk M, van Vonderen MGA, Delsing CE, Gisolf EH, Bruns AHW, Lauw FN, Berrevoets MAH, Sigaloff KCE, Soetekouw R, Branger J, de Mast Q, Lammers AJJ, Lowe SH, de Vries RD, Katsikis PD, Rijnders BJA, Brinkman K, Roukens AHE, Rokx C. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV in the Netherlands: A nationwide prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003979. [PMID: 36301821 PMCID: PMC9612532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines can be less immunogenic in people living with HIV (PLWH), but for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations this is unknown. In this study we set out to investigate, for the vaccines currently approved in the Netherlands, the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in PLWH. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the immunogenicity of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in adult PLWH without prior COVID-19, and compared to HIV-negative controls. The primary endpoint was the anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG response after mRNA vaccination. Secondary endpoints included the serological response after vector vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response, and reactogenicity. Between 14 February and 7 September 2021, 1,154 PLWH (median age 53 [IQR 44-60] years, 85.5% male) and 440 controls (median age 43 [IQR 33-53] years, 28.6% male) were included in the final analysis. Of the PLWH, 884 received BNT162b2, 100 received mRNA-1273, 150 received ChAdOx1-S, and 20 received Ad26.COV2.S. In the group of PLWH, 99% were on antiretroviral therapy, 97.7% were virally suppressed, and the median CD4+ T-cell count was 710 cells/μL (IQR 520-913). Of the controls, 247 received mRNA-1273, 94 received BNT162b2, 26 received ChAdOx1-S, and 73 received Ad26.COV2.S. After mRNA vaccination, geometric mean antibody concentration was 1,418 BAU/mL in PLWH (95% CI 1322-1523), and after adjustment for age, sex, and vaccine type, HIV status remained associated with a decreased response (0.607, 95% CI 0.508-0.725, p < 0.001). All controls receiving an mRNA vaccine had an adequate response, defined as >300 BAU/mL, whilst in PLWH this response rate was 93.6%. In PLWH vaccinated with mRNA-based vaccines, higher antibody responses were predicted by CD4+ T-cell count 250-500 cells/μL (2.845, 95% CI 1.876-4.314, p < 0.001) or >500 cells/μL (2.936, 95% CI 1.961-4.394, p < 0.001), whilst a viral load > 50 copies/mL was associated with a reduced response (0.454, 95% CI 0.286-0.720, p = 0.001). Increased IFN-γ, CD4+ T-cell, and CD8+ T-cell responses were observed after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in ELISpot and activation-induced marker assays, comparable to controls. Reactogenicity was generally mild, without vaccine-related serious adverse events. Due to the control of vaccine provision by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, there were some differences between vaccine groups in the age, sex, and CD4+ T-cell counts of recipients. CONCLUSIONS After vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were reduced in PLWH compared to HIV-negative controls. To reach and maintain the same serological responses as HIV-negative controls, additional vaccinations are probably required. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL9214). https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9214.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S. Hensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlou J. Jongkees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hanka Steggink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alicja Gorska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter F. W. Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luc B. S. Gelinck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Emile F. Schippers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Netherlands
| | | | - Marc van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, DC Klinieken, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Corine E. Delsing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H. Gisolf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Anke H. W. Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fanny N. Lauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Jan van Goyen, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Kim C. E. Sigaloff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Judith Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adriana J. J. Lammers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Selwyn H. Lowe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna H. E. Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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28
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Mykytyn AZ, Rissmann M, Kok A, Rosu ME, Schipper D, Breugem TI, van den Doel PB, Chandler F, Bestebroer T, de Wit M, van Royen ME, Molenkamp R, Oude Munnink BB, de Vries RD, GeurtsvanKessel C, Smith DJ, Koopmans MPG, Rockx B, Lamers MM, Fouchier R, Haagmans BL. Antigenic cartography of SARS-CoV-2 reveals that Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 are antigenically distinct. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabq4450. [PMID: 35737747 PMCID: PMC9273038 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abq4450] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The emergence and rapid spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants may affect vaccine efficacy substantially. The Omicron variant termed BA.2, which differs substantially from BA.1 based on genetic sequence, is currently replacing BA.1 in several countries, but its antigenic characteristics have not yet been assessed. Here, we used antigenic cartography to quantify and visualize antigenic differences between early SARS-CoV-2 variants (614G, Alpha, Beta, Gamma, Zeta, Delta, and Mu) using hamster antisera obtained after primary infection. We first verified that the choice of the cell line for the neutralization assay did not affect the topology of the map substantially. Antigenic maps generated using pseudo-typed SARS-CoV-2 on the widely used VeroE6 cell line and the human airway cell line Calu-3 generated similar maps. Maps made using authentic SARS-CoV-2 on Calu-3 cells also closely resembled those generated with pseudo-typed viruses. The antigenic maps revealed a central cluster of SARS-CoV-2 variants, which grouped on the basis of mutual spike mutations. Whereas these early variants are antigenically similar, clustering relatively close to each other in antigenic space, Omicron BA.1 and BA.2 have evolved as two distinct antigenic outliers. Our data show that BA.1 and BA.2 both escape vaccine-induced antibody responses as a result of different antigenic characteristics. Thus, antigenic cartography could be used to assess antigenic properties of future SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern that emerge and to decide on the composition of novel spike-based (booster) vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Z. Mykytyn
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Melanie Rissmann
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adinda Kok
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miruna E. Rosu
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Debby Schipper
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tim I. Breugem
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Felicity Chandler
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theo Bestebroer
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maurice de Wit
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin E. van Royen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D. de Vries
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Derek J. Smith
- Center for Pathogen Evolution, Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EJ, UK
| | | | - Barry Rockx
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mart M. Lamers
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ron Fouchier
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Viroscience Department, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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29
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Sanders JSF, Messchendorp AL, de Vries RD, Baan CC, van Baarle D, van Binnendijk R, Diavatopoulos DA, Geers D, Schmitz KS, GeurtsvanKessel CH, den Hartog G, Kho MML, Koopmans MPG, van der Molen RG, Remmerswaal EBM, Rots N, Gansevoort RT, Bemelman FJ, Hilbrands LB, Reinders MEJ. Antibody and T-Cell Responses 6 Months After Coronavirus Disease 2019 Messenger RNA-1273 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e188-e199. [PMID: 35796536 PMCID: PMC9278186 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 06/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The immune response to COVID-19 vaccination is inferior in kidney transplant recipients (KTRs) and to a lesser extent in patients on dialysis or with chronic kidney disease (CKD). We assessed the immune response 6 months after mRNA-1273 vaccination in kidney patients and compared this to controls. METHODS A total of 152 participants with CKD stages G4/5 (eGFR <30 mL/min/1.73 m2), 145 participants on dialysis, 267 KTRs, and 181 controls were included. SARS-CoV-2 Spike S1 specific IgG antibodies were measured using fluorescent bead-based multiplex-immunoassay, neutralizing antibodies to ancestral, Delta, and Omicron (BA.1) variants by plaque reduction, and T-cell responses by interferon-γ release assay. RESULTS At 6 months after vaccination, S1-specific antibodies were detected in 100% of controls, 98.7% of CKD G4/5 patients, 95.1% of dialysis patients, and 56.6% of KTRs. These figures were comparable to the response rates at 28 days, but antibody levels waned significantly. Neutralization of the ancestral and Delta variants was detected in most participants, whereas neutralization of Omicron was mostly absent. S-specific T-cell responses were detected at 6 months in 75.0% of controls, 69.4% of CKD G4/5 patients, 52.6% of dialysis patients, and 12.9% of KTRs. T-cell responses at 6 months were significantly lower than responses at 28 days. CONCLUSIONS Although seropositivity rates at 6 months were comparable to rates at 28 days after vaccination, significantly decreased antibody levels and T-cell responses were observed. The combination of low antibody levels, reduced T-cell responses, and absent neutralization of the newly emerging variants indicates the need for additional boosts or alternative vaccination strategies in KTRs. CLINICAL TRIALS REGISTRATION NCT04741386.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Correspondence: J-S. F. Sanders, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands ()
| | | | | | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands,Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerco den Hartog
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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30
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Malahe SRK, Hoek RAS, Dalm VASH, Broers AEC, den Hoed CM, Manintveld OC, Baan CC, van Deuzen CM, Papageorgiou G, Bax HI, Van Kampen JJ, Hellemons ME, Kho MML, de Vries RD, Molenkamp R, Reinders MEJ, Rijnders BJA. Clinical Characteristics and Outcomes of Immunocompromised Patients With Coronavirus Disease 2019 Caused by the Omicron Variant: A Prospective, Observational Study. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e172-e178. [PMID: 35869843 PMCID: PMC9384537 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Illness after infection with the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is less severe compared with previous variants. Data on the disease burden in immunocompromised patients are lacking. We investigated the clinical characteristics and outcomes of immunocompromised patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by Omicron. METHODS Organ transplant recipients, patients on anti-CD20 therapy, and allogenic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation recipients infected with the Omicron variant were included. Characteristics of consenting patients were collected and patients were contacted regularly until symptom resolution. To identify possible risk factors for hospitalization, a univariate logistic analysis was performed. RESULTS 114 consecutive immunocompromised patients were enrolled. Eighty-nine percent had previously received 3 mRNA vaccinations. While only 1 patient died, 23 (20%) were hospitalized for a median of 11 days. A low SARS-CoV-2 immunoglobulin G (IgG) antibody response (<300 BAU [binding antibody units]/mL) at diagnosis, being older, being a lung transplant recipient, having more comorbidities, and having a higher frailty score were associated with hospital admission (all P < .01). At the end of follow-up, 25% had still not fully recovered. Of the 23 hospitalized patients, 70% had a negative and 92% had a low IgG (<300 BAU/mL) antibody response at admission. Sotrovimab was administered to 17 of these patients, and 1 died. CONCLUSIONS While the mortality in immunocompromised patients infected with Omicron was low, hospital admission was frequent and the duration of symptoms often prolonged. In addition to vaccination, other interventions are needed to limit the morbidity from COVID-19 in immunocompromised patients.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annoek E C Broers
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caroline M den Hoed
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olivier C Manintveld
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Cardiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte M van Deuzen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Biostatistics and Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Hannelore I Bax
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Jeroen J Van Kampen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel E Hellemons
- Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Richard Molenkamp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Rijnders
- Correspondence: Bart Rijnders, Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Room Rg530, Erasmus MC University MedicalCenter, PB2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, The Netherlands ()
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Sablerolles RSG, Rietdijk WJR, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Schmitz KS, Geers D, Bogers S, van Haren E, Koopmans MPG, Dalm VASH, Kootstra NA, Huckriede ALW, Akkerman R, Beukema M, Lafeber M, van Baarle D, de Vries RD, van der Kuy PHM, GeurtsvanKessel CH. Durability of Immune Responses After Boosting in Ad26.COV2.S-Primed Healthcare Workers. Clin Infect Dis 2022; 76:e533-e536. [PMID: 35723273 PMCID: PMC9384313 DOI: 10.1093/cid/ciac495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants raised questions regarding the durability of immune responses after homologous or heterologous boosters after Ad26.COV2.S-priming. We found that SARS-CoV-2-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T cells are detectable 5 months after boosting, although waning of antibodies and limited cross-reactivity with Omicron BA.1 was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eva van Haren
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke L W Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate Akkerman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Martin Beukema
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- Correspondence: C. H. GeurtsvanKessel, Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands ()
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Rissmann M, Noack D, van Riel D, Schmitz KS, de Vries RD, van Run P, Lamers MM, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Koopmans MPG, Fouchier RAM, Kuiken T, Haagmans BL, Rockx B. Pulmonary lesions following inoculation with the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) variant in Syrian golden hamsters. Emerg Microbes Infect 2022; 11:1778-1786. [PMID: 35787236 PMCID: PMC9295819 DOI: 10.1080/22221751.2022.2095932] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
AbstractThe Omicron BA.1 (B.1.1.529) SARS-CoV-2 variant is characterized by a high number of mutations in the viral genome, associated with immune-escape and increased viral spread. It remains unclear whether milder COVID-19 disease progression observed after infection with Omicron BA.1 in humans is due to reduced pathogenicity of the virus or due to pre-existing immunity from vaccination or previous infection. Here, we inoculated hamsters with Omicron BA.1 to evaluate pathogenicity and kinetics of viral shedding, compared to Delta (B.1.617.2) and to animals re-challenged with Omicron BA.1 after previous SARS-CoV-2 614G infection. Omicron BA.1 infected animals showed reduced clinical signs, pathological changes, and viral shedding, compared to Delta-infected animals, but still showed gross- and histopathological evidence of pneumonia. Pre-existing immunity reduced viral shedding and protected against pneumonia. Our data indicate that the observed decrease of disease severity is in part due to intrinsic properties of the Omicron BA.1 variant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Rissmann
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Debby van Riel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter van Run
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ron A M Fouchier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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van Leeuwen LP, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Ellerbroek PM, de Bree GJ, Potjewijd J, Rutgers A, Jolink H, van de Veerdonk F, van Gorp EC, de Wilt F, Bogers S, Gommers L, Geers D, Bruns AH, Leavis HL, van Haga JW, Lemkes BA, van der Veen A, de Kruijf-Bazen S, van Paassen P, de Leeuw K, van de Ven AA, Verbeek-Menken PH, van Wengen A, Arend SM, Ruten-Budde AJ, van der Ent MW, van Hagen PM, Sanders RW, Grobben M, van der Straten K, Burger JA, Poniman M, Nierkens S, van Gils MJ, de Vries RD, Dalm VA. Immunogenicity of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine in adult patients with inborn errors of immunity. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 149:1949-1957. [PMID: 35421449 PMCID: PMC8996444 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with inborn errors of immunity (IEI) are at increased risk of severe coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Effective vaccination against COVID-19 is therefore of great importance in this group, but little is known about the immunogenicity of COVID-19 vaccines in these patients. OBJECTIVES We sought to study humoral and cellular immune responses after mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccination in adult patients with IEI. METHODS In a prospective, controlled, multicenter study, 505 patients with IEI (common variable immunodeficiency [CVID], isolated or undefined antibody deficiencies, X-linked agammaglobulinemia, combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, phagocyte defects) and 192 controls were included. All participants received 2 doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine. Levels of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses were assessed at baseline, 28 days after first vaccination, and 28 days after second vaccination. RESULTS Seroconversion rates in patients with clinically mild antibody deficiencies and phagocyte defects were similar to those in healthy controls, but seroconversion rates in patients with more severe IEI, such as CVID and combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency, were lower. Binding antibody titers correlated well to the presence of neutralizing antibodies. T-cell responses were comparable to those in controls in all IEI cohorts, with the exception of patients with CVID. The presence of noninfectious complications and the use of immunosuppressive drugs in patients with CVID were negatively correlated with the antibody response. CONCLUSIONS COVID-19 vaccination with mRNA-1273 was immunogenic in mild antibody deficiencies and phagocyte defects and in most patients with combined B- and T-cell immunodeficiency and CVID. Lowest response was detected in patients with X-linked agammaglobulinemia and in patients with CVID with noninfectious complications. The assessment of longevity of immune responses in these vulnerable patient groups will guide decision making for additional vaccinations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leanne P.M. van Leeuwen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Travel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | - Judith Potjewijd
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Abraham Rutgers
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hetty Jolink
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Frank van de Veerdonk
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Eric C.M. van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Travel Clinic, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Faye de Wilt
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anke H.W. Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Helen L. Leavis
- Department of Internal Medicine, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Jelle W. van Haga
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bregtje A. Lemkes
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - S.F.J. de Kruijf-Bazen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter van Paassen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology and Clinical Immunology, Maastricht UMC, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Karina de Leeuw
- Department of Rheumatology and Clinical Immunology, UMC Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - Petra H. Verbeek-Menken
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies van Wengen
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Sandra M. Arend
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Anja J. Ruten-Budde
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marianne W. van der Ent
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - P. Martin van Hagen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marloes Grobben
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Karlijn van der Straten
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Judith A. Burger
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Meliawati Poniman
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Stefan Nierkens
- Center for Translational Immunology, UMC Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands,Princess Máxima Center for Pediatric Oncology, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Virgil A.S.H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands,Corresponding author: Virgil A. S. H. Dalm, MD, PhD, Erasmus University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
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Hoek RAS, Verschuuren EAM, de Vries RD, Vonk JM, van Baarle D, van der Heiden M, van Gemert JP, Gore EJ, Niesters HGM, Erasmus M, Hellemons ME, Scherbeijn SMJ, Wijbenga N, Mahtab EA, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Buter CVL. High torque tenovirus (TTV) load before first vaccine dose is associated with poor serological response to COVID-19 vaccination in lung transplant recipients. J Heart Lung Transplant 2022; 41:765-772. [PMID: 35606065 PMCID: PMC8924026 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2022.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Serological responses to COVID-19 vaccination are diminished in recipients of solid organ transplants, especially in lung transplant recipients (LTR), probably as result of immunosuppressive treatment. There is currently no marker of immunosuppression that can be used to predict the COVID-19 vaccination response. Here, we study whether torque tenovirus (TTV), a highly prevalent virus can be used as an indicator of immunosuppression. METHODS The humoral response to the mRNA 1273 vaccine was assessed in 103 LTR, who received a transplant between 4 and 237 months prior to vaccination, by measuring Spike (S)-specific IgG levels at baseline, 28 days after first, and 28 days after the second vaccination. TTV loads were determined by RT-PCR and Pearson's correlation coefficient was calculated to correlate serological responses to TTV load. RESULTS Humoral responses to COVID-19 vaccination were observed in 41 of 103 (40%) LTR at 28 days after the second vaccination. Sixty-two of 103 (60%) were non-responders. Lower TTV loads at baseline (significantly) correlated with higher S-specific antibodies and a higher percentage of responders. Lower TTV loads also strongly correlated with longer time since transplantation, indicating that participants with lower TTV loads were longer after transplantation. CONCLUSIONS This study shows a better humoral response to the SARS-CoV-2 vaccine in subjects with a lower TTV load pre-vaccination. In addition, TTV load correlates with the time after transplantation. Further studies on the use of TTV load in vaccination efficacy studies in immunocompromised cohorts should provide leads for the potential use of this marker for optimizing vaccination response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rogier AS Hoek
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Erik AM Verschuuren
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Judith M. Vonk
- Department of Epidemiology and Groningen Research Institute for Asthma and COPD (GRIAC), University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, the Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Johanna P van Gemert
- Department of Pulmonary Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Edmund J Gore
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Hubert GM Niesters
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel Erasmus
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Merel E. Hellemons
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Nynke Wijbenga
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Edris A.F. Mahtab
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Coretta Van Leer Buter
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands,Reprint requests: Coretta Crista Van Leer Buter, MD, PhD, Medical Microbiology, University Medical Centre Groningen: Universitair Medisch Centrum Groningen, Hanzeplein 1, 9713 GZ, Groningen, Netherlands
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Schmitz KS, Lange MV, Gommers L, Handrejk K, Porter DP, Alabi CA, Moscona A, Porotto M, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. Repurposing an In Vitro Measles Virus Dissemination Assay for Screening of Antiviral Compounds. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061186. [PMID: 35746658 PMCID: PMC9230603 DOI: 10.3390/v14061186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) is a highly contagious respiratory virus responsible for outbreaks associated with significant morbidity and mortality among children and young adults. Although safe and effective measles vaccines are available, the COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in vaccination coverage gaps that may lead to the resurgence of measles when restrictions are lifted. This puts individuals who cannot be vaccinated, such as young infants and immunocompromised individuals, at risk. Therapeutic interventions are complicated by the long incubation time of measles, resulting in a narrow treatment window. At present, the only available WHO-advised option is treatment with intravenous immunoglobulins, although this is not approved as standard of care. Antivirals against measles may contribute to intervention strategies to limit the impact of future outbreaks. Here, we review previously described antivirals and antiviral assays, evaluate the antiviral efficacy of a number of compounds to inhibit MV dissemination in vitro, and discuss potential application in specific target populations. We conclude that broadly reactive antivirals could strengthen existing intervention strategies to limit the impact of measles outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katharina S. Schmitz
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Mona V. Lange
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Kim Handrejk
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | | | - Christopher A. Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14850, USA;
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA; (A.M.); (M.P.)
- Center for Host–Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY 10032, USA
- Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania “Luigi Vanvitelli”, 81100 Caserta, Italy
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (K.S.S.); (M.V.L.); (L.G.); (K.H.); (R.D.d.V.)
- Correspondence:
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Sanders JSF, Bemelman FJ, Messchendorp AL, Baan CC, van Baarle D, van Binnendijk R, Diavatopoulos DA, Frölke SC, Geers D, GeurtsvanKessel CH, den Hartog G, van der Heiden M, Imhof C, Kho MM, Koopmans MP, Malahe SRK, Mattheussens WB, van der Molen R, van Mourik D, Remmerswaal EB, Rots N, Vart P, de Vries RD, Gansevoort RT, Hilbrands LB, Reinders ME. The RECOVAC Immune-response Study: The Immunogenicity, Tolerability, and Safety of COVID-19 Vaccination in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease, on Dialysis, or Living With a Kidney Transplant. Transplantation 2022; 106:821-834. [PMID: 34753894 PMCID: PMC8942603 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000003983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 104] [Impact Index Per Article: 52.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2021] [Revised: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In kidney patients COVID-19 is associated with severely increased morbidity and mortality. A comprehensive comparison of the immunogenicity, tolerability, and safety of COVID-19 vaccination in different cohorts of kidney patients and a control cohort is lacking. METHODS This investigator driven, prospective, controlled multicenter study included 162 participants with chronic kidney disease (CKD) stages G4/5 (eGFR < 30 mL/min/1.73m2), 159 participants on dialysis, 288 kidney transplant recipients, and 191 controls. Participants received 2 doses of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine (Moderna). The primary endpoint was seroconversion. RESULTS Transplant recipients had a significantly lower seroconversion rate when compared with controls (56.9% versus 100%, P < 0.001), with especially mycophenolic acid, but also, higher age, lower lymphocyte concentration, lower eGFR, and shorter time after transplantation being associated with nonresponder state. Transplant recipients also showed significantly lower titers of neutralizing antibodies and T-cell responses when compared with controls. Although a high seroconversion rate was observed for participants with CKD G4/5 (100%) and on dialysis (99.4%), mean antibody concentrations in the CKD G4/5 cohort and dialysis cohort were lower than in controls (2405 [interquartile interval 1287-4524] and 1650 [698-3024] versus 3186 [1896-4911] BAU/mL, P = 0.06 and P < 0.001, respectively). Dialysis patients and especially kidney transplant recipients experienced less systemic vaccination related adverse events. No specific safety issues were noted. CONCLUSIONS The immune response following vaccination in patients with CKD G4/5 and on dialysis is almost comparable to controls. In contrast, kidney transplant recipients have a poor response. In this latter, patient group development of alternative vaccination strategies are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan-Stephan F. Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J. Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. Lianne Messchendorp
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C. Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Rob van Binnendijk
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A. Diavatopoulos
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Sophie C. Frölke
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Gerco den Hartog
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marieke van der Heiden
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Celine Imhof
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcia M.L. Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Wouter B. Mattheussens
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate van der Molen
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Djenolan van Mourik
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B.M. Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T. Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk B. Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E.J. Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - RECOVAC Collaborators*
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Nephrology, and Transplantation, Erasmus MC Transplant Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
- Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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GeurtsvanKessel CH, Geers D, Schmitz KS, Mykytyn AZ, Lamers MM, Bogers S, Scherbeijn S, Gommers L, Sablerolles RS, Nieuwkoop NN, Rijsbergen LC, van Dijk LL, de Wilde J, Alblas K, Breugem TI, Rijnders BJ, de Jager H, Weiskopf D, van der Kuy PHM, Sette A, Koopmans MP, Grifoni A, Haagmans BL, de Vries RD. Divergent SARS-CoV-2 Omicron-reactive T and B cell responses in COVID-19 vaccine recipients. Sci Immunol 2022; 7:eabo2202. [PMID: 35113647 PMCID: PMC8939771 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abo2202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 260] [Impact Index Per Article: 130.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory distress syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) Omicron variant is spreading rapidly, even in vaccinated individuals, raising concerns about immune escape. Here, we studied neutralizing antibodies and T cell responses targeting SARS-CoV-2 D614G [wild type (WT)] and the Beta, Delta, and Omicron variants of concern in a cohort of 60 health care workers after immunization with ChAdOx-1 S, Ad26.COV2.S, mRNA-1273, or BNT162b2. High binding antibody levels against WT SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) were detected 28 days after vaccination with both mRNA vaccines (mRNA-1273 or BNT162b2), which substantially decreased after 6 months. In contrast, antibody levels were lower after Ad26.COV2.S vaccination but did not wane. Neutralization assays showed consistent cross-neutralization of the Beta and Delta variants, but neutralization of Omicron was significantly lower or absent. BNT162b2 booster vaccination after either two mRNA-1273 immunizations or Ad26.COV2 priming partially restored neutralization of the Omicron variant, but responses were still up to 17-fold decreased compared with WT. SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells were detected up to 6 months after all vaccination regimens, with more consistent detection of specific CD4+ than CD8+ T cells. No significant differences were detected between WT- and variant-specific CD4+ or CD8+ T cell responses, including Omicron, indicating minimal escape at the T cell level. This study shows that vaccinated individuals retain T cell immunity to the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant, potentially balancing the lack of neutralizing antibodies in preventing or limiting severe COVID-19. Booster vaccinations are needed to further restore Omicron cross-neutralization by antibodies.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Anna Z. Mykytyn
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Mart M Lamers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Janet de Wilde
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kimberley Alblas
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Tim I. Breugem
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J.A. Rijnders
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Herbert de Jager
- Department of Occupational Health Services, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daniela Weiskopf
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alessandro Sette
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
- Department of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases and Global Public Health, University of California, San Diego (UCSD), La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | | | - Alba Grifoni
- Center for Infectious Disease and Vaccine Research, La Jolla Institute for Immunology, La Jolla, CA 92037, USA
| | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Sablerolles RSG, Rietdijk WJR, Goorhuis A, Postma DF, Visser LG, Geers D, Schmitz KS, Garcia Garrido HM, Koopmans MPG, Dalm VASH, Kootstra NA, Huckriede ALW, Lafeber M, van Baarle D, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, van der Kuy PHM. Immunogenicity and Reactogenicity of Vaccine Boosters after Ad26.COV2.S Priming. N Engl J Med 2022; 386:951-963. [PMID: 35045226 PMCID: PMC8796791 DOI: 10.1056/nejmoa2116747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 76] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, which was approved as a single-shot immunization regimen, has been shown to be effective against severe coronavirus disease 2019. However, this vaccine induces lower severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein (S)-specific antibody levels than those induced by messenger RNA (mRNA)-based vaccines. The immunogenicity and reactogenicity of a homologous or heterologous booster in persons who have received an Ad26.COV2.S priming dose are unclear. METHODS In this single-blind, multicenter, randomized, controlled trial involving health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine, we assessed immunogenicity and reactogenicity 28 days after a homologous or heterologous booster vaccination. The participants were assigned to receive no booster, an Ad26.COV2.S booster, an mRNA-1273 booster, or a BNT162b2 booster. The primary end point was the level of S-specific binding antibodies, and the secondary end points were the levels of neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell responses, and reactogenicity. A post hoc analysis was performed to compare mRNA-1273 boosting with BNT162b2 boosting. RESULTS Homologous or heterologous booster vaccination resulted in higher levels of S-specific binding antibodies, neutralizing antibodies, and T-cell responses than a single Ad26.COV2.S vaccination. The increase in binding antibodies was significantly larger with heterologous regimens that included mRNA-based vaccines than with the homologous booster. The mRNA-1273 booster was most immunogenic and was associated with higher reactogenicity than the BNT162b2 and Ad26.COV2.S boosters. Local and systemic reactions were generally mild to moderate in the first 2 days after booster administration. CONCLUSIONS The Ad26.COV2.S and mRNA boosters had an acceptable safety profile and were immunogenic in health care workers who had received a priming dose of Ad26.COV2.S vaccine. The strongest responses occurred after boosting with mRNA-based vaccines. Boosting with any available vaccine was better than not boosting. (Funded by the Netherlands Organization for Health Research and Development ZonMw; SWITCH ClinicalTrials.gov number, NCT04927936.).
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Affiliation(s)
- Roos S G Sablerolles
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Wim J R Rietdijk
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Douwe F Postma
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Leo G Visser
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Katharina S Schmitz
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Hannah M Garcia Garrido
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A Kootstra
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Anke L W Huckriede
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Melvin Lafeber
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Corine H GeurtsvanKessel
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
| | - P Hugo M van der Kuy
- From the Departments of Internal Medicine (R.S.G.S., M.L.), Hospital Pharmacy (R.S.G.S., W.J.R.R., P.H.M.K.), and Viroscience (D.G., K.S.S., M.P.G.K., C.H.G., R.D.V.) and the Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, and Department of Immunology (V.A.S.H.D.), Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases (A.G., H.M.G.G.), and the Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, University of Amsterdam (N.A.K.), Amsterdam, the Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases (D.F.P.), and the Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen (A.L.W.H., D.B.), Groningen, the Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden (L.G.V.), and the Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven (D.B.) - all in the Netherlands
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Kreft IC, Winiarczyk RRA, Tanis FJ, van der Zwaan C, Schmitz KS, Hoogendijk AJ, de Swart RL, Moscona A, Porotto M, Salvatori DCF, de Vries RD, de Maat MPM, van den Biggelaar M, van Vlijmen BJM. Absence of COVID-19-associated changes in plasma coagulation proteins and pulmonary thrombosis in the ferret model. Thromb Res 2022; 210:6-11. [PMID: 34954402 PMCID: PMC8690567 DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2021.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Many patients who are diagnosed with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) suffer from venous thromboembolic complications despite the use of stringent anticoagulant prophylaxis. Studies on the exact mechanism(s) underlying thrombosis in COVID-19 are limited as animal models commonly used to study venous thrombosis pathophysiology (i.e. rats and mice) are naturally not susceptible to Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Ferrets are susceptible to SARS-CoV-2 infection, successfully used to study virus transmission, and have been previously used to study activation of coagulation and thrombosis during influenza virus infection. OBJECTIVES This study aimed to explore the use of (heat-inactivated) plasma and lung material from SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets studying COVID-19-associated changes in coagulation and thrombosis. MATERIAL AND METHODS Histology and longitudinal plasma profiling using mass spectrometry-based proteomics approach was performed. RESULTS Lungs of ferrets inoculated intranasally with SARS-CoV-2 demonstrated alveolar septa that were mildly expanded by macrophages, and diffuse interstitial histiocytic pneumonia. However, no macroscopical or microscopical evidence of vascular thrombosis in the lungs of SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets was found. Longitudinal plasma profiling revealed minor differences in plasma protein profiles in SARS-CoV-2-inoculated ferrets up to 2 weeks post-infection. The majority of plasma coagulation factors were stable and demonstrated a low coefficient of variation. CONCLUSIONS We conclude that while ferrets are an essential and well-suited animal model to study SARS-CoV-2 transmission, their use to study SARS-CoV-2-related changes relevant to thrombotic disease is limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris C Kreft
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Roy R A Winiarczyk
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Fric J Tanis
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Carmen van der Zwaan
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Arie J Hoogendijk
- Department of Molecular Hematology, Sanquin Research, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Daniela C F Salvatori
- Central Laboratory Animal Facility, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Anatomy and Physiology, Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Moniek P M de Maat
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus MC, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bart J M van Vlijmen
- Einthoven Laboratory for Vascular and Regenerative Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Thrombosis and Hemostasis, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
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40
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de Vries RD, van der Heiden M, Geers D, Imhof C, van Baarle D. Difference in sensitivity between SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell assays in patients with underlying conditions. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:155499. [PMID: 34907916 DOI: 10.1172/jci155499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daryl Geers
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Celine Imhof
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention and.,Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
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41
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Embregts CW, Verstrepen B, Langermans JA, Böszörményi KP, Sikkema RS, de Vries RD, Hoffmann D, Wernike K, Smit LA, Zhao S, Rockx B, Koopmans MP, Haagmans BL, Kuiken T, GeurtsvanKessel CH. Evaluation of a multi-species SARS-CoV-2 surrogate virus neutralization test. One Health 2021; 13:100313. [PMID: 34458548 PMCID: PMC8378998 DOI: 10.1016/j.onehlt.2021.100313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2021] [Revised: 08/17/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Assays to measure SARS-CoV-2-specific neutralizing antibodies are important to monitor seroprevalence, to study asymptomatic infections and to reveal (intermediate) hosts. A recently developed assay, the surrogate virus-neutralization test (sVNT) is a quick and commercially available alternative to the "gold standard" virus neutralization assay using authentic virus, and does not require processing at BSL-3 level. The assay relies on the inhibition of binding of the receptor binding domain (RBD) on the spike (S) protein to human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE2) by antibodies present in sera. As the sVNT does not require species- or isotype-specific conjugates, it can be similarly used for antibody detection in human and animal sera. In this study, we used 298 sera from PCR-confirmed COVID-19 patients and 151 sera from patients confirmed with other coronavirus or other (respiratory) infections, to evaluate the performance of the sVNT. To analyze the use of the assay in a One Health setting, we studied the presence of RBD-binding antibodies in 154 sera from nine animal species (cynomolgus and rhesus macaques, ferrets, rabbits, hamsters, cats, cattle, mink and dromedary camels). The sVNT showed a moderate to high sensitivity and a high specificity using sera from confirmed COVID-19 patients (91.3% and 100%, respectively) and animal sera (93.9% and 100%), however it lacked sensitivity to detect low titers. Significant correlations were found between the sVNT outcomes and PRNT50 and the Wantai total Ig and IgM ELISAs. While species-specific validation will be essential, our results show that the sVNT holds promise in detecting RBD-binding antibodies in multiple species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Babs Verstrepen
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
| | - Jan A.M. Langermans
- Biomedical Primate Research Centre, Rijswijk, the Netherlands
- Department Population Health Sciences, Division Animals in Science and Society, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - Reina S. Sikkema
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Donata Hoffmann
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Kerstin Wernike
- Institute of Diagnostic Virology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Lidwien A.M. Smit
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Shan Zhao
- Department of Biomolecular Health Sciences, Virology Division, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, the Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Bart L. Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thijs Kuiken
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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42
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Aguilar-Bretones M, Westerhuis BM, Raadsen MP, de Bruin E, Chandler FD, Okba NM, Haagmans BL, Langerak T, Endeman H, van den Akker JP, Gommers DA, van Gorp EC, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, Fouchier RA, Rockx BH, Koopmans MP, van Nierop GP. Seasonal coronavirus-specific B cells with limited SARS-CoV-2 cross-reactivity dominate the IgG response in severe COVID-19. J Clin Invest 2021; 131:e150613. [PMID: 34499051 PMCID: PMC8553556 DOI: 10.1172/jci150613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the cause of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Little is known about the interplay between preexisting immunity to endemic seasonal coronaviruses and the development of a SARS-CoV-2-specific IgG response. We investigated the kinetics, breadth, magnitude, and level of cross-reactivity of IgG antibodies against SARS-CoV-2 and heterologous seasonal and epidemic coronaviruses at the clonal level in patients with mild or severe COVID-19 as well as in disease control patients. We assessed antibody reactivity to nucleocapsid and spike antigens and correlated this IgG response to SARS-CoV-2 neutralization. Patients with COVID-19 mounted a mostly type-specific SARS-CoV-2 response. Additionally, IgG clones directed against a seasonal coronavirus were boosted in patients with severe COVID-19. These boosted clones showed limited cross-reactivity and did not neutralize SARS-CoV-2. These findings indicate a boost of poorly protective CoV-specific antibodies in patients with COVID-19 that correlated with disease severity, revealing "original antigenic sin."
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Henrik Endeman
- Intensive Care Unit, Erasmus Medical Center (EMC), Wytemaweg, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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43
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Lammers-van der Holst HM, Lammers GJ, van der Horst GTJ, Chaves I, de Vries RD, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Koch B, van der Kuy HM. Understanding the association between sleep, shift work and COVID-19 vaccine immune response efficacy: Protocol of the S-CORE study. J Sleep Res 2021; 31:e13496. [PMID: 34617358 PMCID: PMC8646925 DOI: 10.1111/jsr.13496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This protocol describes an innovative study to investigate the relationship between sleep, shift work and the immune response to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2; coronavirus disease 2019 [COVID-19]) vaccination. As the COVID-19 pandemic is a global crisis with devastating health, social and economic impacts, there is a pressing need for effective vaccination programmes. Previous influenza and hepatitis vaccination studies suggest that lack of sleep can negatively alter immune responsiveness, while circadian misalignment most likely may also play an important role in the immune response to vaccination. Our present study will be the first to address this question in actual shift workers and in relation to COVID-19 vaccination. We hypothesise that the occurrence of recent night shifts and diminished sleep will negatively alter the immune response to vaccination in shift workers compared to dayworkers. We aim to recruit 50 shift workers and 50 dayworkers. Participants will receive an mRNA-based vaccination, through the Dutch vaccination programme. To assess immune responsiveness, blood will be drawn at baseline (before first vaccination), 10 days after first vaccination, the day prior to the second vaccination; and 28 days, 6 and 12 months after the second vaccination. Actigraphy and daily sleep e-diaries will be implemented for 7 days around each vaccination to assess sleep. The Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index will be used to monitor sleep in the long term. Optimising the efficacy of the COVID-19 vaccines is of outmost importance and results of this study could provide insights to develop sleep and circadian-based interventions to enhance vaccination immunity, and thereby improve global health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gert Jan Lammers
- Department of Neurology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Sleep Wake Center SEIN, Stichting Epilepsie Instellingen Nederland, Heemstede, the Netherlands
| | | | - Inês Chaves
- Department Molecular Genetics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Birgit Koch
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hugo M van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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44
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Sablerolles RSG, Goorhuis A, GeurtsvanKessel CH, de Vries RD, Huckriede ALW, Koopmans MPG, Lafeber M, Postma DF, van Baarle D, Visser LG, Dalm VASH, Kootstra NA, Rietdijk WJR, van der Kuy PHM. Heterologous Ad26.COV2.S Prime and mRNA-Based Boost COVID-19 Vaccination Regimens: The SWITCH Trial Protocol. Front Immunol 2021; 12:753319. [PMID: 34691071 PMCID: PMC8529966 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.753319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 09/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Roos S. G. Sablerolles
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abraham Goorhuis
- Center of Tropical Medicine and Travel Medicine, Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Infection & Immunity, Amsterdam Public Health, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anke L. W. Huckriede
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | | | - Melvin Lafeber
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Douwe F. Postma
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Disease Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Leo G. Visser
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology and Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Neeltje A. Kootstra
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wim J. R. Rietdijk
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P. Hugo M. van der Kuy
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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45
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Rijsbergen LC, van Dijk LLA, Engel MFM, de Vries RD, de Swart RL. In Vitro Modelling of Respiratory Virus Infections in Human Airway Epithelial Cells - A Systematic Review. Front Immunol 2021; 12:683002. [PMID: 34489934 PMCID: PMC8418200 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.683002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are a major cause of morbidity and mortality in humans. A large number of RTIs is caused by viruses, often resulting in more severe disease in infants, elderly and the immunocompromised. Upon viral infection, most individuals experience common cold-like symptoms associated with an upper RTI. However, in some cases a severe and sometimes life-threatening lower RTI may develop. Reproducible and scalable in vitro culture models that accurately reflect the human respiratory tract are needed to study interactions between respiratory viruses and the host, and to test novel therapeutic interventions. Multiple in vitro respiratory cell culture systems have been described, but the majority of these are based on immortalized cell lines. Although useful for studying certain aspects of viral infections, such monomorphic, unicellular systems fall short in creating an understanding of the processes that occur at an integrated tissue level. Novel in vitro models involving primary human airway epithelial cells and, more recently, human airway organoids, are now in use. In this review, we describe the evolution of in vitro cell culture systems and their characteristics in the context of viral RTIs, starting from advances after immortalized cell cultures to more recently developed organoid systems. Furthermore, we describe how these models are used in studying virus-host interactions, e.g. tropism and receptor studies as well as interactions with the innate immune system. Finally, we provide an outlook for future developments in this field, including co-factors that mimic the microenvironment in the respiratory tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laurine C Rijsbergen
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laura L A van Dijk
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maarten F M Engel
- Medical Library, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
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46
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Kho MML, Reinders MEJ, Baan CC, van Baarle D, Bemelman FJ, Diavatopoulos DA, Gansevoort RT, van der Klis FRM, Koopmans MPG, Messchendorp AL, van der Molen RG, Remmerswaal EBM, Rots N, Vart P, de Vries RD, Hilbrands LB, Sanders JSF. The RECOVAC IR study: the immune response and safety of the mRNA-1273 COVID-19 vaccine in patients with chronic kidney disease, on dialysis or living with a kidney transplant. Nephrol Dial Transplant 2021; 36:1761-1764. [PMID: 34450647 PMCID: PMC8241423 DOI: 10.1093/ndt/gfab186] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Marcia M L Kho
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marlies E J Reinders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carla C Baan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center Transplant Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Debbie van Baarle
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infection Prevention, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Frederike J Bemelman
- Renal Transplant Unit, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitri A Diavatopoulos
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Section Pediatric Infectious Diseases, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud Center for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ron T Gansevoort
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fiona R M van der Klis
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A Lianne Messchendorp
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Renate G van der Molen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Radboud Institute for Molecular Life Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Ester B M Remmerswaal
- Department of Experimental Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam Infection and Immunity Institute, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nynke Rots
- Center for Infectious Diseases Control, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - Priya Vart
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Health Evidence, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Department of Cardiology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud University, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Luuk B Hilbrands
- Department of Nephrology, Radboud University Medical Center, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan-Stephan F Sanders
- Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
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47
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Laksono BM, Tran DN, Kondova I, van Engelen HGH, Michels S, Nambulli S, de Vries RD, Duprex WP, Verjans GMGM, de Swart RL. Comparable Infection Level and Tropism of Measles Virus and Canine Distemper Virus in Organotypic Brain Slice Cultures Obtained from Natural Host Species. Viruses 2021; 13:1582. [PMID: 34452447 PMCID: PMC8402773 DOI: 10.3390/v13081582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 07/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles virus (MV) and canine distemper virus (CDV) are closely related members of the family Paramyxoviridae, genus Morbillivirus. MV infection of humans and non-human primates (NHPs) results in a self-limiting disease, which rarely involves central nervous system (CNS) complications. In contrast, infection of carnivores with CDV usually results in severe disease, in which CNS complications are common and the case-fatality rate is high. To compare the neurovirulence and neurotropism of MV and CDV, we established a short-term organotypic brain slice culture system of the olfactory bulb, hippocampus, or cortex obtained from NHPs, dogs, and ferrets. Slices were inoculated ex vivo with wild-type-based recombinant CDV or MV expressing a fluorescent reporter protein. The infection level of both morbilliviruses was determined at different times post-infection. We observed equivalent infection levels and identified microglia as main target cells in CDV-inoculated carnivore and MV-inoculated NHP brain tissue slices. Neurons were also susceptible to MV infection in NHP brain slice cultures. Our findings suggest that MV and CDV have comparable neurotropism and intrinsic capacity to infect CNS-resident cells of their natural host species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta M. Laksono
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
| | - Diana N. Tran
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
| | - Ivanela Kondova
- Division of Pathology, Animal Science Department, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2280 GH Rijswijk, The Netherlands;
| | - Harry G. H. van Engelen
- Department of Clinical Sciences of Companion Animals, Veterinary Medicine, Universiteit Utrecht, 3584 CM Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Samira Michels
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
| | - Sham Nambulli
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.N.); (W.P.D.)
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
| | - W. Paul Duprex
- Centre for Vaccine Research, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine, Pittsburgh, PA 15261, USA; (S.N.); (W.P.D.)
| | - Georges M. G. M. Verjans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
| | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands; (B.M.L.); (D.N.T.); (S.M.); (R.D.d.V.); (G.M.G.M.V.)
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48
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de Vries RD, Rockx B, Haagmans BL, Herfst S, Koopmans MP, de Swart RL. Animal models of SARS-CoV-2 transmission. Curr Opin Virol 2021; 50:8-16. [PMID: 34256352 PMCID: PMC8238653 DOI: 10.1016/j.coviro.2021.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2021] [Revised: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
SARS-CoV-2 emerged in China as a zoonotic virus in December 2019. The virus proved to be human-to-human transmissible and its global spread resulted in the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic, associated with high morbidity and mortality. Vaccines were developed at an unprecedented speed and proved to be efficacious in preventing disease, but it remains to be determined if vaccines are able to interrupt transmission. Moreover, virus variants of concern continue to emerge that appear more transmissible and/or less sensitive to virus-specific immune responses. Here, we briefly review the role of animal models in assessing prophylactic and therapeutic options to interrupt SARS-CoV-2 transmission.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marion Pg Koopmans
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department Viroscience, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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49
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Geers D, Shamier MC, Bogers S, den Hartog G, Gommers L, Nieuwkoop NN, Schmitz KS, Rijsbergen LC, van Osch JAT, Dijkhuizen E, Smits G, Comvalius A, van Mourik D, Caniels TG, van Gils MJ, Sanders RW, Oude Munnink BB, Molenkamp R, de Jager HJ, Haagmans BL, de Swart RL, Koopmans MPG, van Binnendijk RS, de Vries RD, GeurtsvanKessel CH. SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern partially escape humoral but not T-cell responses in COVID-19 convalescent donors and vaccinees. Sci Immunol 2021; 6:6/59/eabj1750. [PMID: 34035118 PMCID: PMC9268159 DOI: 10.1126/sciimmunol.abj1750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 365] [Impact Index Per Article: 121.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants harboring mutations in the spike (S) protein has raised concern about potential immune escape. Here, we studied humoral and cellular immune responses to wild type SARS-CoV-2 and the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants of concern in a cohort of 121 BNT162b2 mRNA-vaccinated health care workers (HCW). Twenty-three HCW recovered from mild COVID-19 disease and exhibited a recall response with high levels of SARS-CoV-2-specific functional antibodies and virus-specific T cells after a single vaccination. Specific immune responses were also detected in seronegative HCW after one vaccination, but a second dose was required to reach high levels of functional antibodies and cellular immune responses in all individuals. Vaccination-induced antibodies cross-neutralized the variants B.1.1.7 and B.1.351, but the neutralizing capacity and Fc-mediated functionality against B.1.351 was consistently 2- to 4-fold lower than to the homologous virus. In addition, peripheral blood mononuclear cells were stimulated with peptide pools spanning the mutated S regions of B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 to detect cross-reactivity of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cells with variants. Importantly, we observed no differences in CD4+ T-cell activation in response to variant antigens, indicating that the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 S proteins do not escape T-cell-mediated immunity elicited by the wild type S protein. In conclusion, this study shows that some variants can partially escape humoral immunity induced by SARS-CoV-2 infection or BNT162b2 vaccination, but S-specific CD4+ T-cell activation is not affected by the mutations in the B.1.1.7 and B.1.351 variants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marc C. Shamier
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gerco den Hartog
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | - Emma Dijkhuizen
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gaby Smits
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Tom G. Caniels
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marit J. van Gils
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rogier W. Sanders
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Amsterdam UMC, Amsterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Weill Medical College of Cornell University, New York, NY 10021, USA
| | | | | | - Herbert J. de Jager
- Department of Occupational Health Services, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Rik L. de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Robert S. van Binnendijk
- Centre for Immunology of Infectious Diseases and Vaccines, National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, Bilthoven, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Corresponding author. (R.D.d.V.); (C.H.G.)
| | - Corine H. GeurtsvanKessel
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Corresponding author. (R.D.d.V.); (C.H.G.)
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50
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de Vries RD, Schmitz KS, Bovier FT, Predella C, Khao J, Noack D, Haagmans BL, Herfst S, Stearns KN, Drew-Bear J, Biswas S, Rockx B, McGill G, Dorrello NV, Gellman SH, Alabi CA, de Swart RL, Moscona A, Porotto M. Intranasal fusion inhibitory lipopeptide prevents direct-contact SARS-CoV-2 transmission in ferrets. Science 2021; 371:1379-1382. [PMID: 33597220 PMCID: PMC8011693 DOI: 10.1126/science.abf4896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 129] [Impact Index Per Article: 43.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike (S) glycoprotein binds to host cells and initiates membrane fusion and cell infection. This stage in the virus life history is currently a target for drug inhibition. De Vries et al. designed highly stable lipoprotein fusion inhibitors complementary to a conserved repeat in the C terminus of S that integrate into host cell membranes and inhibit conformational changes in S necessary for membrane fusion. The authors tested the performance of the lipoproteins as a preexposure prophylactic in a ferret-to-ferret transmission study. Intranasal administration of the peptide 2 days before cohousing with an infected ferret for 24 hours completely protected animals in contact from infection and showed efficacy against mutant viruses. Because ferrets do not get sick from SARS-CoV-2, disease prevention could not be tested in this model. Science, this issue p. 1379 Containment of the COVID-19 pandemic requires reducing viral transmission. Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection is initiated by membrane fusion between the viral and host cell membranes, which is mediated by the viral spike protein. We have designed lipopeptide fusion inhibitors that block this critical first step of infection and, on the basis of in vitro efficacy and in vivo biodistribution, selected a dimeric form for evaluation in an animal model. Daily intranasal administration to ferrets completely prevented SARS-CoV-2 direct-contact transmission during 24-hour cohousing with infected animals, under stringent conditions that resulted in infection of 100% of untreated animals. These lipopeptides are highly stable and thus may readily translate into safe and effective intranasal prophylaxis to reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Francesca T Bovier
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
| | - Camilla Predella
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Biomedical Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | | | - Danny Noack
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart L Haagmans
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sander Herfst
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kyle N Stearns
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Jennifer Drew-Bear
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Sudipta Biswas
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA
| | - Barry Rockx
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gaël McGill
- Digizyme Inc., Brookline, MA, USA.,Center for Molecular and Cellular Dynamics, Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - N Valerio Dorrello
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Samuel H Gellman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Christopher A Alabi
- Robert Frederick Smith School of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY, USA.
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Anne Moscona
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Physiology and Cellular Biophysics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA
| | - Matteo Porotto
- Department of Pediatrics, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA. .,Center for Host-Pathogen Interaction, Columbia University Vagelos College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York, NY, USA.,Department of Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli," Caserta, Italy
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