1
|
Abstract
The recent success of cancer immunotherapies has highlighted the benefit of harnessing the immune system for cancer treatment. Vaccines have a long history of promoting immunity to pathogens and, consequently, vaccines targeting cancer neoantigens have been championed as a tool to direct and amplify immune responses against tumours while sparing healthy tissue. In recent years, extensive preclinical research and more than one hundred clinical trials have tested different strategies of neoantigen discovery and vaccine formulations. However, despite the enthusiasm for neoantigen vaccines, proof of unequivocal efficacy has remained beyond reach for the majority of clinical trials. In this Review, we focus on the key obstacles pertaining to vaccine design and tumour environment that remain to be overcome in order to unleash the true potential of neoantigen vaccines in cancer therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.
| | - Ken J Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
- International Vaccine Design Center (vDesC), The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo (IMSUT), Tokyo, Japan
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Castro Eiro MD, Hioki K, Li L, Wilmsen MEP, Kiernan CH, Brouwers-Haspels I, van Meurs M, Zhao M, de Wit H, Grashof DGB, van de Werken HJG, Mueller YM, Schliehe C, Temizoz B, Kobiyama K, Ishii KJ, Katsikis PD. TLR9 plus STING Agonist Adjuvant Combination Induces Potent Neopeptide T Cell Immunity and Improves Immune Checkpoint Blockade Efficacy in a Tumor Model. J Immunol 2024; 212:455-465. [PMID: 38063488 PMCID: PMC10784725 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2300038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) immunotherapies have emerged as promising strategies for the treatment of cancer; however, there remains a need to improve their efficacy. Determinants of ICB efficacy are the frequency of tumor mutations, the associated neoantigens, and the T cell response against them. Therefore, it is expected that neoantigen vaccinations that boost the antitumor T cell response would improve ICB therapy efficacy. The aim of this study was to develop a highly immunogenic vaccine using pattern recognition receptor agonists in combination with synthetic long peptides to induce potent neoantigen-specific T cell responses. We determined that the combination of the TLR9 agonist K-type CpG oligodeoxynucleotides (K3 CpG) with the STING agonist c-di-AMP (K3/c-di-AMP combination) significantly increased dendritic cell activation. We found that immunizing mice with 20-mer of either an OVA peptide, low-affinity OVA peptides, or neopeptides identified from mouse melanoma or lung mesothelioma, together with K3/c-di-AMP, induced potent Ag-specific T cell responses. The combined K3/c-di-AMP adjuvant formulation induced 10 times higher T cell responses against neopeptides than the TLR3 agonist polyinosinic:polycytidylic acid, a derivative of which is the leading adjuvant in clinical trials of neoantigen peptide vaccines. Moreover, we demonstrated that our K3/c-di-AMP vaccine formulation with 20-mer OVA peptide was capable of controlling tumor growth and improving survival in B16-F10-OVA tumor-bearing C57BL/6 mice and synergized with anti-PD-1 treatment. Together, our findings demonstrate that the K3/c-di-AMP vaccine formulation induces potent T cell immunity against synthetic long peptides and is a promising candidate to improve neoantigen vaccine platform.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Melisa D. Castro Eiro
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kou Hioki
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Merel E. P. Wilmsen
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Caoimhe H. Kiernan
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Manzhi Zhao
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dwin G. B. Grashof
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher Schliehe
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Burcu Temizoz
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Kouji Kobiyama
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Ken J. Ishii
- Division of Vaccine Science, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, International Vaccine Design Center, The Institute of Medical Science, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology; Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
de Bakker M, Petersen TB, Rueten-Budde AJ, Akkerhuis KM, Umans VA, Brugts JJ, Germans T, Reinders MJT, Katsikis PD, van der Spek PJ, Ostroff R, She R, Lanfear D, Asselbergs FW, Boersma E, Rizopoulos D, Kardys I. Machine learning-based biomarker profile derived from 4210 serially measured proteins predicts clinical outcome of patients with heart failure. Eur Heart J Digit Health 2023; 4:444-454. [PMID: 38045440 PMCID: PMC10689916 DOI: 10.1093/ehjdh/ztad056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
Aims Risk assessment tools are needed for timely identification of patients with heart failure (HF) with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) who are at high risk of adverse events. In this study, we aim to derive a small set out of 4210 repeatedly measured proteins, which, along with clinical characteristics and established biomarkers, carry optimal prognostic capacity for adverse events, in patients with HFrEF. Methods and results In 382 patients, we performed repeated blood sampling (median follow-up: 2.1 years) and applied an aptamer-based multiplex proteomic approach. We used machine learning to select the optimal set of predictors for the primary endpoint (PEP: composite of cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, left ventricular assist device implantation, and HF hospitalization). The association between repeated measures of selected proteins and PEP was investigated by multivariable joint models. Internal validation (cross-validated c-index) and external validation (Henry Ford HF PharmacoGenomic Registry cohort) were performed. Nine proteins were selected in addition to the MAGGIC risk score, N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide, and troponin T: suppression of tumourigenicity 2, tryptophanyl-tRNA synthetase cytoplasmic, histone H2A Type 3, angiotensinogen, deltex-1, thrombospondin-4, ADAMTS-like protein 2, anthrax toxin receptor 1, and cathepsin D. N-terminal pro-hormone B-type natriuretic peptide and angiotensinogen showed the strongest associations [hazard ratio (95% confidence interval): 1.96 (1.17-3.40) and 0.66 (0.49-0.88), respectively]. The multivariable model yielded a c-index of 0.85 upon internal validation and c-indices up to 0.80 upon external validation. The c-index was higher than that of a model containing established risk factors (P = 0.021). Conclusion Nine serially measured proteins captured the most essential prognostic information for the occurrence of adverse events in patients with HFrEF, and provided incremental value for HF prognostication beyond established risk factors. These proteins could be used for dynamic, individual risk assessment in a prospective setting. These findings also illustrate the potential value of relatively 'novel' biomarkers for prognostication. Clinical Trial Registration https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01851538?term=nCT01851538&draw=2&rank=1 24.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Bakker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anja J Rueten-Budde
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Victor A Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, 1815 JD, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel J T Reinders
- Delft Bioinformatics Lab, Delft University of Technology, Van Mourik Broekmanweg 6, 2628 XE, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rachel Ostroff
- SomaLogic, Inc., 2945 Wilderness Pl., Boulder, CO 80301, USA
| | - Ruicong She
- Department of Public Health Sciences, Henry Ford Health System, 1 Ford Pl, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - David Lanfear
- Center for Individualized and Genomic Medicine Research (CIGMA), Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit MI, 48202, USA
- Heart and Vascular Institute, Henry Ford Hospital, 2799 W. Grand Boulevard, Detroit, MI 48202, USA
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, 1105 AZ, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, Gower St, London, WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Dr. Molenwaterplein 40, 3015GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Vietsch EE, Latifi D, Verheij M, van der Oost EW, de Wilde RF, Haen R, van den Boom AL, Koerkamp BG, Doornebosch PG, van Verschuer VM, Ooms AH, Mohammad F, Willemsen M, Aerts JG, Krog RT, de Miranda NF, van den Bosch TP, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD, van Eijck CH. B cell immune profiles in dysbiotic vermiform appendixes of pancreatic cancer patients. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1230306. [PMID: 38022530 PMCID: PMC10667699 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1230306] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 12/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) remains one of the deadliest solid tumors and is resistant to immunotherapy. B cells play an essential role in PDAC progression and immune responses, both locally and systemically. Moreover, increasing evidence suggests that microbial compositions inside the tumor, as well as in the oral cavity and the gut, are important factors in shaping the PDAC immune landscape. However, the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) has not previously been explored in PDAC patients. In this study, we analyzed healthy vermiform appendix (VA) from 20 patients with PDAC and 32 patients with colon diseases by gene expression immune profiling, flow cytometry analysis, and microbiome sequencing. We show that the VA GALT of PDAC patients exhibits markers of increased inflammation and cytotoxic cell activity. In contrast, B cell function is decreased in PDAC VA GALT based on gene expression profiling; B cells express significantly fewer MHC class II surface receptors, whereas plasma cells express the immune checkpoint molecule HLA-G. Additionally, the vermiform appendix microbiome of PDAC patients is enriched with Klebsiella pneumoniae, Bifidobacterium animalis, and Adlercreutzia equolifaciens, while certain commensals are depleted. Our findings may suggest impaired B cell function within the GALT of PDAC patients, which could potentially be linked to microbial dysbiosis. Additional investigations are imperative to validate our observations and explore these potential targets of future therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eveline E. Vietsch
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Diba Latifi
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Maaike Verheij
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Roel Haen
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anne Loes van den Boom
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Surgery, Reinier de Graaf Hospital, Delft, Netherlands
| | - Bas Groot Koerkamp
- Department of Surgery, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Ariadne H.A.G. Ooms
- Department of Pathology, Pathan BV, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Farzana Mohammad
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marcella Willemsen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joachim G.J.V. Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ricki T. Krog
- Department of Pathology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
5
|
Zhao M, Li L, Kiernan CH, Castro Eiro MD, Dammeijer F, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Wilmsen MEP, Grashof DGB, van de Werken HJG, Hendriks RW, Aerts JG, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD. Overcoming immune checkpoint blockade resistance in solid tumors with intermittent ITK inhibition. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15678. [PMID: 37735204 PMCID: PMC10514027 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42871-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2023] [Accepted: 09/15/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023] Open
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8 + T cell (CTL) exhaustion is driven by chronic antigen stimulation. Reversing CTL exhaustion with immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) has provided clinical benefits in different types of cancer. We, therefore, investigated whether modulating chronic antigen stimulation and T-cell receptor (TCR) signaling with an IL2-inducible T-cell kinase (ITK) inhibitor, could confer ICB responsiveness to ICB resistant solid tumors. In vivo intermittent treatment of 3 ICB-resistant solid tumor (melanoma, mesothelioma or pancreatic cancer) with ITK inhibitor significantly improved ICB therapy. ITK inhibition directly reinvigorate exhausted CTL in vitro as it enhanced cytokine production, decreased inhibitory receptor expression, and downregulated the transcription factor TOX. Our study demonstrates that intermittent ITK inhibition can be used to directly ameliorate CTL exhaustion and enhance immunotherapies even in solid tumors that are ICB resistant.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzhi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Guangdong Provincial People's Hospital (Guangdong Academy of Medical Sciences), Southern Medical University, Guangzhou, 510080, Guangdong, China
| | - Ling Li
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Caoimhe H Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Melisa D Castro Eiro
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Inge Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Merel E P Wilmsen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dwin G B Grashof
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harmen J G van de Werken
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Joachim G Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Dr. Molewaterplein 40, 3015 GD, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Li L, Zhao M, Kiernan CH, Castro Eiro MD, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Wilmsen MEP, Grashof DGB, van de Werken HJG, Hendriks RW, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD. Ibrutinib directly reduces CD8+T cell exhaustion independent of BTK. Front Immunol 2023; 14:1201415. [PMID: 37771591 PMCID: PMC10523025 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2023.1201415] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 08/28/2023] [Indexed: 09/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction Cytotoxic CD8+ T cell (CTL) exhaustion is a dysfunctional state of T cells triggered by persistent antigen stimulation, with the characteristics of increased inhibitory receptors, impaired cytokine production and a distinct transcriptional profile. Evidence from immune checkpoint blockade therapy supports that reversing T cell exhaustion is a promising strategy in cancer treatment. Ibrutinib, is a potent inhibitor of BTK, which has been approved for the treatment of chronic lymphocytic leukemia. Previous studies have reported improved function of T cells in ibrutinib long-term treated patients but the mechanism remains unclear. We investigated whether ibrutinib directly acts on CD8+ T cells and reinvigorates exhausted CTLs. Methods We used an established in vitro CTL exhaustion system to examine whether ibrutinib can directly ameliorate T cell exhaustion. Changes in inhibitory receptors, transcription factors, cytokine production and killing capacity of ibrutinib-treated exhausted CTLs were detected by flow cytometry. RNA-seq was performed to study transcriptional changes in these cells. Btk deficient mice were used to confirm that the effect of ibrutinib was independent of BTK expression. Results We found that ibrutinib reduced exhaustion-related features of CTLs in an in vitro CTL exhaustion system. These changes included decreased inhibitory receptor expression, enhanced cytokine production, and downregulation of the transcription factor TOX with upregulation of TCF1. RNA-seq further confirmed that ibrutinib directly reduced the exhaustion-related transcriptional profile of these cells. Importantly, using btk deficient mice we showed the effect of ibrutinib was independent of BTK expression, and therefore mediated by one of its other targets. Discussion Our study demonstrates that ibrutinib directly ameliorates CTL exhaustion, and provides evidence for its synergistic use with cancer immunotherapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Manzhi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caoimhe H. Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Merel E. P. Wilmsen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Dwin G. B. Grashof
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Harmen J. G. van de Werken
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Cancer Computational Biology Center, Erasmus Medical Center (MC) Cancer Institute, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rudi W. Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Papagiannopoulos OD, Kourou K, Papaloukas C, Karanasiou GS, van de Werken HJG, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD, Herrero-Saboya D, Fotiadis DI. Classification of Inflammation of Unknown Origin patients based on RNA-seq and SomaScan data. Annu Int Conf IEEE Eng Med Biol Soc 2023; 2023:1-4. [PMID: 38083327 DOI: 10.1109/embc40787.2023.10340537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2023]
Abstract
A preliminary analysis was conducted on data acquired from RNA sequencing and SomaScan platforms, for the classification of patients with Inflammation of Unknown Origin. To this end, a multimodal data integration approach was designed, by combining the two platforms, in order to assess the potentiality of learning estimators, using the differentially expressed features from the independent profiling experiments of both platforms. The classification framing was the differentiation of Inflammation of Unknown Origin patients against a multitude of Systemic Autoinflammatory disease patients. Separate false discovery rate analyses were performed on each dataset to extract statistically significant features between the two designated sample groups. Genomic analysis managed higher overall classification metrics compared to proteomic analysis, averaging an ~19% increase overall metrics and classifiers, with a ~0.07% increase in standard error. The multimodal data integration approach achieved similar results to the individual platforms' analyses. More specifically, it managed the same classification accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity scores as the best individual analysis, with the simple Logistic Regression estimator.Clinical Relevance- This study highlights the advantage of exploiting RNA sequencing data to identify potential Inflammation of Unknown Origin disease specific biomarkers, even against other Systemic Autoinflammatory diseases. These findings are further emphasized given the non-apparent clinical discrepancy between Inflammation of Unknown Origin and other Systemic Autoinflammatory diseases.
Collapse
|
8
|
Petersen TB, de Bakker M, Asselbergs FW, Harakalova M, Akkerhuis KM, Brugts JJ, van Ramshorst J, Lumbers RT, Ostroff RM, Katsikis PD, van der Spek PJ, Umans VA, Boersma E, Rizopoulos D, Kardys I. HFrEF subphenotypes based on 4210 repeatedly measured circulating proteins are driven by different biological mechanisms. EBioMedicine 2023; 93:104655. [PMID: 37327673 DOI: 10.1016/j.ebiom.2023.104655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 05/31/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND HFrEF is a heterogenous condition with high mortality. We used serial assessments of 4210 circulating proteins to identify distinct novel protein-based HFrEF subphenotypes and to investigate underlying dynamic biological mechanisms. Herewith we aimed to gain pathophysiological insights and fuel opportunities for personalised treatment. METHODS In 382 patients, we performed trimonthly blood sampling during a median follow-up of 2.1 [IQR:1.1-2.6] years. We selected all baseline samples and two samples closest to the primary endpoint (PEP; composite of cardiovascular mortality, HF hospitalization, LVAD implantation, and heart transplantation) or censoring, and applied an aptamer-based multiplex proteomic approach. Using unsupervised machine learning methods, we derived clusters from 4210 repeatedly measured proteomic biomarkers. Sets of proteins that drove cluster allocation were analysed via an enrichment analysis. Differences in clinical characteristics and PEP occurrence were evaluated. FINDINGS We identified four subphenotypes with different protein profiles, prognosis and clinical characteristics, including age (median [IQR] for subphenotypes 1-4, respectively:70 [64, 76], 68 [60, 79], 57 [47, 65], 59 [56, 66]years), EF (30 [26, 36], 26 [20, 38], 26 [22, 32], 33 [28, 37]%), and chronic renal failure (45%, 65%, 36%, 37%). Subphenotype allocation was driven by subsets of proteins associated with various biological functions, such as oxidative stress, inflammation and extracellular matrix organisation. Clinical characteristics of the subphenotypes were aligned with these associations. Subphenotypes 2 and 3 had the worst prognosis compared to subphenotype 1 (adjHR (95%CI):3.43 (1.76-6.69), and 2.88 (1.37-6.03), respectively). INTERPRETATION Four circulating-protein based subphenotypes are present in HFrEF, which are driven by varying combinations of protein subsets, and have different clinical characteristics and prognosis. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT01851538https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01851538. FUNDING EU/EFPIA IMI2JU BigData@Heart grant n°116074, Jaap Schouten Foundation and Noordwest Academie.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marie de Bakker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Meibergdreef 9, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, Gower St, London, United Kingdom
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands; Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Heidelberglaan 100, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jasper J Brugts
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan van Ramshorst
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - R Thomas Lumbers
- British Heart Foundation Research Accelerator, University College London, Gower St, London, UK; Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, Gower St, London, UK; Health Data Research UK London, University College London, Gower St, London, UK
| | | | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Victor A Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Wilhelminalaan 12, Alkmaar, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Doctor Molewaterplein 40, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
de Bakker M, Petersen TB, Akkerhuis KM, Harakalova M, Umans VA, Germans T, Caliskan K, Katsikis PD, van der Spek PJ, Suthahar N, de Boer RA, Rizopoulos D, Asselbergs FW, Boersma E, Kardys I. Sex-based differences in cardiovascular proteomic profiles and their associations with adverse outcomes in patients with chronic heart failure. Biol Sex Differ 2023; 14:29. [PMID: 37198662 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-023-00516-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Studies focusing on sex differences in circulating proteins in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) are scarce. Insight into sex-specific cardiovascular protein profiles and their associations with the risk of adverse outcomes may contribute to a better understanding of the pathophysiological processes involved in HFrEF. Moreover, it could provide a basis for the use of circulating protein measurements for prognostication in women and men, wherein the most relevant protein measurements are applied in each of the sexes. METHODS In 382 patients with HFrEF, we performed tri-monthly blood sampling (median follow-up: 25 [13-31] months). We selected all baseline samples and two samples closest to the primary endpoint (PEP: composite of cardiovascular death, heart transplantation, left ventricular assist device implantation, and HF hospitalization) or censoring. We then applied an aptamer-based multiplex proteomic assay identifying 1105 proteins previously associated with cardiovascular disease. We used linear regression models and gene-enrichment analysis to study sex-based differences in baseline levels. We used time-dependent Cox models to study differences in the prognostic value of serially measured proteins. All models were adjusted for the MAGGIC HF mortality risk score and p-values for multiple testing. RESULTS In 104 women and 278 men (mean age 62 and 64 years, respectively) cumulative PEP incidence at 30 months was 25% and 35%, respectively. At baseline, 55 (5%) out of the 1105 proteins were significantly different between women and men. The female protein profile was most strongly associated with extracellular matrix organization, while the male profile was dominated by regulation of cell death. The association of endothelin-1 (Pinteraction < 0.001) and somatostatin (Pinteraction = 0.040) with the PEP was modified by sex, independent of clinical characteristics. Endothelin-1 was more strongly associated with the PEP in men (HR 2.62 [95%CI, 1.98, 3.46], p < 0.001) compared to women (1.14 [1.01, 1.29], p = 0.036). Somatostatin was positively associated with the PEP in men (1.23 [1.10, 1.38], p < 0.001), but inversely associated in women (0.33 [0.12, 0.93], p = 0.036). CONCLUSION Baseline cardiovascular protein levels differ between women and men. However, the predictive value of repeatedly measured circulating proteins does not seem to differ except for endothelin-1 and somatostatin.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marie de Bakker
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun B Petersen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - K Martijn Akkerhuis
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Magdalena Harakalova
- Department of Cardiology, Division Heart and Lungs, Circulatory Health Research Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
- Regenerative Medicine Center Utrecht, University Medical Center Utrecht, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands
| | - Victor A Umans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Tjeerd Germans
- Department of Cardiology, Northwest Clinics, Alkmaar, The Netherlands
| | - Kadir Caliskan
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Navin Suthahar
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Rudolf A de Boer
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dimitris Rizopoulos
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Epidemiology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Folkert W Asselbergs
- Amsterdam University Medical Centers, Department of Cardiology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Health Data Research UK and Institute of Health Informatics, University College London, London, UK
| | - Eric Boersma
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Isabella Kardys
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC Cardiovascular Institute, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Room Na-316, P.O. Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Wahadat MJ, van Tilburg SJ, Mueller YM, de Wit H, Van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Langerak AW, Gruijters MJ, Mubarak A, Verkaaik M, Katsikis PD, Versnel MA, Kamphuis S. Targeted multiomics in childhood-onset SLE reveal distinct biological phenotypes associated with disease activity: results from an explorative study. Lupus Sci Med 2023; 10:10/1/e000799. [PMID: 37012057 PMCID: PMC10083882 DOI: 10.1136/lupus-2022-000799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To combine targeted transcriptomic and proteomic data in an unsupervised hierarchical clustering method to stratify patients with childhood-onset SLE (cSLE) into similar biological phenotypes, and study the immunological cellular landscape that characterises the clusters. METHODS Targeted whole blood gene expression and serum cytokines were determined in patients with cSLE, preselected on disease activity state (at diagnosis, Low Lupus Disease Activity State (LLDAS), flare). Unsupervised hierarchical clustering, agnostic to disease characteristics, was used to identify clusters with distinct biological phenotypes. Disease activity was scored by clinical SELENA-SLEDAI (Safety of Estrogens in Systemic Lupus Erythematosus National Assessment-Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index). High-dimensional 40-colour flow cytometry was used to identify immune cell subsets. RESULTS Three unique clusters were identified, each characterised by a set of differentially expressed genes and cytokines, and by disease activity state: cluster 1 contained primarily patients in LLDAS, cluster 2 contained mainly treatment-naïve patients at diagnosis and cluster 3 contained a mixed group of patients, namely in LLDAS, at diagnosis and disease flare. The biological phenotypes did not reflect previous organ system involvement and over time, patients could move from one cluster to another. Healthy controls clustered together in cluster 1. Specific immune cell subsets, including CD11c+ B cells, conventional dendritic cells, plasmablasts and early effector CD4+ T cells, differed between the clusters. CONCLUSION Using a targeted multiomic approach, we clustered patients into distinct biological phenotypes that are related to disease activity state but not to organ system involvement. This supports a new concept where choice of treatment and tapering strategies are not solely based on clinical phenotype but includes measuring novel biological parameters.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed Javad Wahadat
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Harm de Wit
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Anton W Langerak
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marike J Gruijters
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Amani Mubarak
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marleen Verkaaik
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sylvia Kamphuis
- Department of Paediatric Rheumatology, Erasmus MC Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Prins HAB, Crespo R, Lungu C, Rao S, Li L, Overmars RJ, Papageorgiou G, Mueller YM, Stoszko M, Hossain T, Kan TW, Rijnders BJA, Bax HI, van Gorp ECM, Nouwen JL, de Vries-Sluijs TEMS, Schurink CAM, de Mendonça Melo M, van Nood E, Colbers A, Burger D, Palstra RJ, van Kampen JJA, van de Vijver DAMC, Mesplède T, Katsikis PD, Gruters RA, Koch BCP, Verbon A, Mahmoudi T, Rokx C. The BAF complex inhibitor pyrimethamine reverses HIV-1 latency in people with HIV-1 on antiretroviral therapy. Sci Adv 2023; 9:eade6675. [PMID: 36921041 PMCID: PMC10017042 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.ade6675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Reactivation of the latent HIV-1 reservoir is a first step toward triggering reservoir decay. Here, we investigated the impact of the BAF complex inhibitor pyrimethamine on the reservoir of people living with HIV-1 (PLWH). Twenty-eight PLWH on suppressive antiretroviral therapy were randomized (1:1:1:1 ratio) to receive pyrimethamine, valproic acid, both, or no intervention for 14 days. The primary end point was change in cell-associated unspliced (CA US) HIV-1 RNA at days 0 and 14. We observed a rapid, modest, and significant increase in (CA US) HIV-1 RNA in response to pyrimethamine exposure, which persisted throughout treatment and follow-up. Valproic acid treatment alone did not increase (CA US) HIV-1 RNA or augment the effect of pyrimethamine. Pyrimethamine treatment did not result in a reduction in the size of the inducible reservoir. These data demonstrate that the licensed drug pyrimethamine can be repurposed as a BAF complex inhibitor to reverse HIV-1 latency in vivo in PLWH, substantiating its potential advancement in clinical studies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Henrieke A. B. Prins
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Cynthia Lungu
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Shringar Rao
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Letao Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Ronald J. Overmars
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mateusz Stoszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tanvir Hossain
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Hannelore I. Bax
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric C. M. van Gorp
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Jan L. Nouwen
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Theodora E. M. S. de Vries-Sluijs
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolina A. M. Schurink
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mariana de Mendonça Melo
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Els van Nood
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Angela Colbers
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - David Burger
- Department of Pharmacy, Radboud Institute for Health Sciences, Radboud University Medical Center Nijmegen, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | | | - Thibault Mesplède
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rob A. Gruters
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Birgit C. P. Koch
- Department of Pharmacy, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Medical Center, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Urology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Jongkees MJ, Geers D, Hensley KS, Huisman W, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Bogers S, Gommers L, Papageorgiou G, Jochems SP, den Hollander JG, Schippers EF, Ammerlaan HSM, Bierman WFW, van der Valk M, Berrevoets MAH, Soetekouw R, Langebeek N, Bruns AHW, Leyten EMS, Sigaloff KCE, van Vonderen MGA, Delsing CE, Branger J, Katsikis PD, Mueller YM, de Vries RD, Rijnders BJA, Brinkman K, Rokx C, Roukens AHE. Immunogenicity of an Additional mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccination in People With HIV With Hyporesponse After Primary Vaccination. J Infect Dis 2023; 227:651-662. [PMID: 36402141 PMCID: PMC9978319 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/jiac451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVIH study is a prospective coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccination study in 1154 people with HIV (PWH), of whom 14% showed reduced antibody levels after primary vaccination. We evaluated whether an additional vaccination boosts immune responses in these hyporesponders. METHODS The primary end point was the increase in antibodies 28 days after additional mRNA-1273 vaccination. Secondary end points included neutralizing antibodies, S-specific T-cell and B-cell responses, and reactogenicity. RESULTS Of the 66 participants, 40 previously received 2 doses ChAdOx1-S, 22 received 2 doses BNT162b2, and 4 received a single dose Ad26.COV2.S. The median age was 63 years (interquartile range [IQR], 60-66), 86% were male, and median CD4+ T-cell count was 650/μL (IQR, 423-941). The mean S1-specific antibody level increased from 35 binding antibody units (BAU)/mL (95% confidence interval [CI], 24-46) to 4317 BAU/mL (95% CI, 3275-5360) (P < .0001). Of all participants, 97% showed an adequate response and the 45 antibody-negative participants all seroconverted. A significant increase in the proportion of PWH with ancestral S-specific CD4+ T cells (P = .04) and S-specific B cells (P = .02) was observed. CONCLUSIONS An additional mRNA-1273 vaccination induced a robust serological response in 97% of PWH with a hyporesponse after primary vaccination. Clinical Trials Registration. EUCTR2021-001054-57-N.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlou J Jongkees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kathryn S Hensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wesley Huisman
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | | | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Lennert Gommers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Grigorios Papageorgiou
- Department of Biostatistics, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simon P Jochems
- Department of Parasitology, Leiden University Centre for Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Jan G den Hollander
- Department of Internal Medicine, Maasstad Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Emile F Schippers
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Heidi S M Ammerlaan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, the Netherlands
| | - Wouter F W Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marc van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, DC Klinieken, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marvin A H Berrevoets
- Department of Internal Medicine, Elisabeth-Tweesteden Hospital, Tilburg, the Netherlands
| | - Robert Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, the Netherlands
| | - Nienke Langebeek
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, the Netherlands
| | - Anke H W Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Eliane M S Leyten
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Haaglanden Medical Centre, the Hague, the Netherlands
| | - Kim C E Sigaloff
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centres, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Corine E Delsing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, the Netherlands
| | - Judith Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bart J A Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Anna H E Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Kaiser FMP, Gruenbacher S, Oyaga MR, Nio E, Jaritz M, Sun Q, van der Zwaag W, Kreidl E, Zopf LM, Dalm VASH, Pel J, Gaiser C, van der Vliet R, Wahl L, Rietman A, Hill L, Leca I, Driessen G, Laffeber C, Brooks A, Katsikis PD, Lebbink JHG, Tachibana K, van der Burg M, De Zeeuw CI, Badura A, Busslinger M. Correction: Biallelic PAX5 mutations cause hypogammaglobulinemia, sensorimotor deficits, and autism spectrum disorder. J Exp Med 2022; 220:213740. [PMID: 36480208 PMCID: PMC9733837 DOI: 10.1084/jem.2022049812012022c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
|
14
|
Hensley KS, Jongkees MJ, Geers D, GeurtsvanKessel CH, Mueller YM, Dalm VASH, Papageorgiou G, Steggink H, Gorska A, Bogers S, den Hollander JG, Bierman WFW, Gelinck LBS, Schippers EF, Ammerlaan HSM, van der Valk M, van Vonderen MGA, Delsing CE, Gisolf EH, Bruns AHW, Lauw FN, Berrevoets MAH, Sigaloff KCE, Soetekouw R, Branger J, de Mast Q, Lammers AJJ, Lowe SH, de Vries RD, Katsikis PD, Rijnders BJA, Brinkman K, Roukens AHE, Rokx C. Immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in people living with HIV in the Netherlands: A nationwide prospective cohort study. PLoS Med 2022; 19:e1003979. [PMID: 36301821 PMCID: PMC9612532 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1003979] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/20/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vaccines can be less immunogenic in people living with HIV (PLWH), but for SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations this is unknown. In this study we set out to investigate, for the vaccines currently approved in the Netherlands, the immunogenicity and reactogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 vaccinations in PLWH. METHODS AND FINDINGS We conducted a prospective cohort study to examine the immunogenicity of BNT162b2, mRNA-1273, ChAdOx1-S, and Ad26.COV2.S vaccines in adult PLWH without prior COVID-19, and compared to HIV-negative controls. The primary endpoint was the anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 IgG response after mRNA vaccination. Secondary endpoints included the serological response after vector vaccination, anti-SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response, and reactogenicity. Between 14 February and 7 September 2021, 1,154 PLWH (median age 53 [IQR 44-60] years, 85.5% male) and 440 controls (median age 43 [IQR 33-53] years, 28.6% male) were included in the final analysis. Of the PLWH, 884 received BNT162b2, 100 received mRNA-1273, 150 received ChAdOx1-S, and 20 received Ad26.COV2.S. In the group of PLWH, 99% were on antiretroviral therapy, 97.7% were virally suppressed, and the median CD4+ T-cell count was 710 cells/μL (IQR 520-913). Of the controls, 247 received mRNA-1273, 94 received BNT162b2, 26 received ChAdOx1-S, and 73 received Ad26.COV2.S. After mRNA vaccination, geometric mean antibody concentration was 1,418 BAU/mL in PLWH (95% CI 1322-1523), and after adjustment for age, sex, and vaccine type, HIV status remained associated with a decreased response (0.607, 95% CI 0.508-0.725, p < 0.001). All controls receiving an mRNA vaccine had an adequate response, defined as >300 BAU/mL, whilst in PLWH this response rate was 93.6%. In PLWH vaccinated with mRNA-based vaccines, higher antibody responses were predicted by CD4+ T-cell count 250-500 cells/μL (2.845, 95% CI 1.876-4.314, p < 0.001) or >500 cells/μL (2.936, 95% CI 1.961-4.394, p < 0.001), whilst a viral load > 50 copies/mL was associated with a reduced response (0.454, 95% CI 0.286-0.720, p = 0.001). Increased IFN-γ, CD4+ T-cell, and CD8+ T-cell responses were observed after stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 spike peptides in ELISpot and activation-induced marker assays, comparable to controls. Reactogenicity was generally mild, without vaccine-related serious adverse events. Due to the control of vaccine provision by the Dutch National Institute for Public Health and the Environment, there were some differences between vaccine groups in the age, sex, and CD4+ T-cell counts of recipients. CONCLUSIONS After vaccination with BNT162b2 or mRNA-1273, anti-spike SARS-CoV-2 antibody levels were reduced in PLWH compared to HIV-negative controls. To reach and maintain the same serological responses as HIV-negative controls, additional vaccinations are probably required. TRIAL REGISTRATION The trial was registered in the Netherlands Trial Register (NL9214). https://www.trialregister.nl/trial/9214.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn S. Hensley
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marlou J. Jongkees
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Daryl Geers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A. S. H. Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Hanka Steggink
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alicja Gorska
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Susanne Bogers
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Wouter F. W. Bierman
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands
| | - Luc B. S. Gelinck
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Haaglanden Medical Centre, The Hague, Netherlands
| | - Emile F. Schippers
- Department of Internal Medicine, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Netherlands
| | | | - Marc van der Valk
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, DC Klinieken, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Corine E. Delsing
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medisch Spectrum Twente, Enschede, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth H. Gisolf
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, Netherlands
| | - Anke H. W. Bruns
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Fanny N. Lauw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Medical Centre Jan van Goyen, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Kim C. E. Sigaloff
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, Amsterdam Institute for Infection and Immunity, Amsterdam University Medical Centre, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert Soetekouw
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Spaarne Gasthuis, Haarlem, Netherlands
| | - Judith Branger
- Department of Internal Medicine, Flevo Hospital, Almere, Netherlands
| | - Quirijn de Mast
- Department of Internal Medicine, Radboud Centre for Infectious Diseases, Radboud University Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Adriana J. J. Lammers
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Isala Hospital, Zwolle, Netherlands
| | - Selwyn H. Lowe
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, Maastricht University Medical Centre, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Rory D. de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Bart J. A. Rijnders
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kees Brinkman
- Department of Internal Medicine and Infectious Diseases, OLVG Hospital, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Anna H. E. Roukens
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section Infectious Diseases, and Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Centre, Rotterdam, Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Kaiser FMP, Gruenbacher S, Oyaga MR, Nio E, Jaritz M, Sun Q, van der Zwaag W, Kreidl E, Zopf LM, Dalm VASH, Pel J, Gaiser C, van der Vliet R, Wahl L, Rietman A, Hill L, Leca I, Driessen G, Laffeber C, Brooks A, Katsikis PD, Lebbink JHG, Tachibana K, van der Burg M, De Zeeuw CI, Badura A, Busslinger M. Biallelic PAX5 mutations cause hypogammaglobulinemia, sensorimotor deficits, and autism spectrum disorder. J Exp Med 2022; 219:213392. [PMID: 35947077 PMCID: PMC9372349 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20220498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The genetic causes of primary antibody deficiencies and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) are largely unknown. Here, we report a patient with hypogammaglobulinemia and ASD who carries biallelic mutations in the transcription factor PAX5. A patient-specific Pax5 mutant mouse revealed an early B cell developmental block and impaired immune responses as the cause of hypogammaglobulinemia. Pax5 mutant mice displayed behavioral deficits in all ASD domains. The patient and the mouse model showed aberrant cerebellar foliation and severely impaired sensorimotor learning. PAX5 deficiency also caused profound hypoplasia of the substantia nigra and ventral tegmental area due to loss of GABAergic neurons, thus affecting two midbrain hubs, controlling motor function and reward processing, respectively. Heterozygous Pax5 mutant mice exhibited similar anatomic and behavioral abnormalities. Lineage tracing identified Pax5 as a crucial regulator of cerebellar morphogenesis and midbrain GABAergic neurogenesis. These findings reveal new roles of Pax5 in brain development and unravel the underlying mechanism of a novel immunological and neurodevelopmental syndrome.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fabian M P Kaiser
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sarah Gruenbacher
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Roa Oyaga
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Enzo Nio
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Markus Jaritz
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Qiong Sun
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | | | - Emanuel Kreidl
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lydia M Zopf
- Vienna BioCenter Core Facilities, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Division of Allergy and Clinical Immunology, Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Johan Pel
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Carolin Gaiser
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rick van der Vliet
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Lucas Wahl
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - André Rietman
- Department of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Louisa Hill
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ines Leca
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria.,Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Gertjan Driessen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Charlie Laffeber
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alice Brooks
- Department of Clinical Genetics, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Joyce H G Lebbink
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Oncode Institute, Cancer Institute, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Kikuë Tachibana
- Institute of Molecular Biotechnology of the Austrian Academy of Sciences, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pediatrics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, Netherlands
| | - Chris I De Zeeuw
- Department of Neuroscience, Erasmus MC, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Meinrad Busslinger
- Research Institute of Molecular Pathology, Vienna BioCenter, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kumova OK, Galani IE, Rao A, Johnson H, Triantafyllia V, Matt SM, Pascasio J, Gaskill PJ, Andreakos E, Katsikis PD, Carey AJ. Severity of neonatal influenza infection is driven by type I interferon and oxidative stress. Mucosal Immunol 2022; 15:1309-1320. [PMID: 36352099 PMCID: PMC9724789 DOI: 10.1038/s41385-022-00576-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 09/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Neonates exhibit increased susceptibility to respiratory viral infections, attributed to inflammation at the developing pulmonary air-blood interface. IFN I are antiviral cytokines critical to control viral replication, but also promote inflammation. Previously, we established a neonatal murine influenza virus (IV) model, which demonstrates increased mortality. Here, we sought to determine the role of IFN I in this increased mortality. We found that three-day-old IFNAR-deficient mice are highly protected from IV-induced mortality. In addition, exposure to IFNβ 24 h post IV infection accelerated death in WT neonatal animals but did not impact adult mortality. In contrast, IFN IIIs are protective to neonatal mice. IFNβ induced an oxidative stress imbalance specifically in primary neonatal IV-infected pulmonary type II epithelial cells (TIIEC), not in adult TIIECs. Moreover, neonates did not have an infection-induced increase in antioxidants, including a key antioxidant, superoxide dismutase 3, as compared to adults. Importantly, antioxidant treatment rescued IV-infected neonatal mice, but had no impact on adult morbidity. We propose that IFN I exacerbate an oxidative stress imbalance in the neonate because of IFN I-induced pulmonary TIIEC ROS production coupled with developmentally regulated, defective antioxidant production in response to IV infection. This age-specific imbalance contributes to mortality after respiratory infections in this vulnerable population.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ogan K. Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ioanna-Evdokia Galani
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Abhishek Rao
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Hannah Johnson
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Vasiliki Triantafyllia
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Stephanie M. Matt
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Judy Pascasio
- Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Peter J. Gaskill
- Pharmacology and Physiology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Evangelos Andreakos
- Laboratory of Immunobiology, Center for Clinical, Experimental Surgery and Translational Research, Biomedical Research Foundation Academy of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Zguro K, Baldassarri M, Fava F, Beligni G, Daga S, Leoncini R, Galasso L, Cirianni M, Rusconi S, Siano M, Francisci D, Schiaroli E, Luchi S, Morelli G, Martinelli E, Girardis M, Busani S, Parisi SG, Panese S, Piscopo C, Capasso M, Tacconi D, Spertilli Raffaelli C, Giliberti A, Gori G, Katsikis PD, Lorubbio M, Calzoni P, Ognibene A, Bocchia M, Tozzi M, Bucalossi A, Marotta G, Furini S, Renieri A, Fallerini C. Carriers of ADAMTS13 Rare Variants Are at High Risk of Life-Threatening COVID-19. Viruses 2022; 14:v14061185. [PMID: 35746657 PMCID: PMC9227269 DOI: 10.3390/v14061185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2022] [Revised: 05/25/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombosis of small and large vessels is reported as a key player in COVID-19 severity. However, host genetic determinants of this susceptibility are still unclear. Congenital Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura is a severe autosomal recessive disorder characterized by uncleaved ultra-large vWF and thrombotic microangiopathy, frequently triggered by infections. Carriers are reported to be asymptomatic. Exome analysis of about 3000 SARS-CoV-2 infected subjects of different severities, belonging to the GEN-COVID cohort, revealed the specific role of vWF cleaving enzyme ADAMTS13 (A disintegrin-like and metalloprotease with thrombospondin type 1 motif, 13). We report here that ultra-rare variants in a heterozygous state lead to a rare form of COVID-19 characterized by hyper-inflammation signs, which segregates in families as an autosomal dominant disorder conditioned by SARS-CoV-2 infection, sex, and age. This has clinical relevance due to the availability of drugs such as Caplacizumab, which inhibits vWF–platelet interaction, and Crizanlizumab, which, by inhibiting P-selectin binding to its ligands, prevents leukocyte recruitment and platelet aggregation at the site of vascular damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kristina Zguro
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
| | - Margherita Baldassarri
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Francesca Fava
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Giada Beligni
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Sergio Daga
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| | - Roberto Leoncini
- Laboratorio Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.L.); (L.G.); (M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Lucrezia Galasso
- Laboratorio Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.L.); (L.G.); (M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Michele Cirianni
- Laboratorio Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.L.); (L.G.); (M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Stefano Rusconi
- Infectious Diseases Unit, ASST Ovest Milanese, 20025 Legnano, Italy;
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Matteo Siano
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences Luigi Sacco, University of Milan, 20157 Milan, Italy;
| | - Daniela Francisci
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, University of Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Elisabetta Schiaroli
- Infectious Diseases Clinic, “Santa Maria della Misericordia” Hospital, University of Perugia, 06124 Perugia, Italy; (D.F.); (E.S.)
| | - Sauro Luchi
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital of Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Giovanna Morelli
- Infectious Disease Unit, Hospital of Lucca, 55100 Lucca, Italy; (S.L.); (G.M.)
| | - Enrico Martinelli
- Department of Respiratory Diseases, Azienda Ospedaliera di Cremona, 26100 Cremona, Italy;
| | - Massimo Girardis
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | - Stefano Busani
- Department of Anesthesia and Intensive Care, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41124 Modena, Italy; (M.G.); (S.B.)
| | | | - Sandro Panese
- Clinical Infectious Diseases, Mestre Hospital, 30171 Venezia, Italy;
| | - Carmelo Piscopo
- Medical Genetics and Laboratory Genetics Unit, “Antonio Cardarelli” hospital, 80131 Naples, Italy;
| | - Mario Capasso
- Department of Molecular Medicine and Medical Biotechnology, University of Naples Federico II, 80138 Naples, Italy;
- CEINGE Biotecnologie Avanzate, 80145 Naples, Italy
| | - Danilo Tacconi
- Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital Arezzo, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (D.T.); (C.S.R.)
| | - Chiara Spertilli Raffaelli
- Department of Specialized and Internal Medicine, Infectious Diseases Unit, San Donato Hospital Arezzo, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (D.T.); (C.S.R.)
| | - Annarita Giliberti
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Giulia Gori
- Medical Genetics Unit, Meyer Children’s University Hospital, 50134 Florence, Italy; (A.G.); (G.G.)
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, 3015 GD Rotterdam, The Netherlands;
| | - Maria Lorubbio
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (M.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Paola Calzoni
- Laboratorio Patologia Clinica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy; (R.L.); (L.G.); (M.C.); (P.C.)
| | - Agostino Ognibene
- UOC Laboratorio Analisi Chimico Cliniche, 52100 Arezzo, Italy; (M.L.); (A.O.)
| | - Monica Bocchia
- Hematology Unit, Department of Medical Science, Surgery and Neuroscience, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy;
| | - Monica Tozzi
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.T.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Alessandro Bucalossi
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.T.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Giuseppe Marotta
- Stem Cell Transplant and Cellular Therapy Unit, University Hospital of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (M.T.); (A.B.); (G.M.)
| | - Simone Furini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
| | | | - Alessandra Renieri
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Genetica Medica, Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria Senese, 53100 Siena, Italy
- Correspondence:
| | - Chiara Fallerini
- Med Biotech Hub and Competence Center, Department of Medical Biotechnologies, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy; (K.Z.); (M.B.); (F.F.); (G.B.); (S.D.); (S.F.); (C.F.)
- Medical Genetics, University of Siena, 53100 Siena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Petkau G, Mitchell TJ, Chakraborty K, Bell SE, D Angeli V, Matheson L, Turner DJ, Saveliev A, Gizlenci O, Salerno F, Katsikis PD, Turner M. The timing of differentiation and potency of CD8 effector function is set by RNA binding proteins. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2274. [PMID: 35477960 PMCID: PMC9046422 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29979-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
CD8+ T cell differentiation into effector cells is initiated early after antigen encounter by signals from the T cell antigen receptor and costimulatory molecules. The molecular mechanisms that establish the timing and rate of differentiation however are not defined. Here we show that the RNA binding proteins (RBP) ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 limit the rate of differentiation of activated naïve CD8+ T cells and the potency of the resulting cytotoxic lymphocytes. The RBP function in an early and short temporal window to enforce dependency on costimulation via CD28 for full T cell activation and effector differentiation by directly binding mRNA of NF-κB, Irf8 and Notch1 transcription factors and cytokines, including Il2. Their absence in T cells, or the adoptive transfer of small numbers of CD8+ T cells lacking the RBP, promotes resilience to influenza A virus infection without immunopathology. These findings highlight ZFP36 and ZFP36L1 as nodes for the integration of the early T cell activation signals controlling the speed and quality of the CD8+ T cell response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg Petkau
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Twm J Mitchell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Krishnendu Chakraborty
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Sarah E Bell
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Vanessa D Angeli
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Louise Matheson
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - David J Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Alexander Saveliev
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ozge Gizlenci
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Fiamma Salerno
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, P.O. Box 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Martin Turner
- Immunology Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge, CB22 3AT, UK.
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Stavast CJ, van Zuijen I, Karkoulia E, Özçelik A, van Hoven-Beijen A, Leon LG, Voerman JSA, Janssen GMC, van Veelen PA, Burocziova M, Brouwer RWW, van IJcken WFJ, Maas A, Bindels EM, van der Velden VHJ, Schliehe C, Katsikis PD, Alberich-Jorda M, Erkeland SJ. The tumor suppressor MIR139 is silenced by POLR2M to promote AML oncogenesis. Leukemia 2022; 36:687-700. [PMID: 34741119 PMCID: PMC8885418 DOI: 10.1038/s41375-021-01461-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/22/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
MIR139 is a tumor suppressor and is commonly silenced in acute myeloid leukemia (AML). However, the tumor-suppressing activities of miR-139 and molecular mechanisms of MIR139-silencing remain largely unknown. Here, we studied the poorly prognostic MLL-AF9 fusion protein-expressing AML. We show that MLL-AF9 expression in hematopoietic precursors caused epigenetic silencing of MIR139, whereas overexpression of MIR139 inhibited in vitro and in vivo AML outgrowth. We identified novel miR-139 targets that mediate the tumor-suppressing activities of miR-139 in MLL-AF9 AML. We revealed that two enhancer regions control MIR139 expression and found that the polycomb repressive complex 2 (PRC2) downstream of MLL-AF9 epigenetically silenced MIR139 in AML. Finally, a genome-wide CRISPR-Cas9 knockout screen revealed RNA Polymerase 2 Subunit M (POLR2M) as a novel MIR139-regulatory factor. Our findings elucidate the molecular control of tumor suppressor MIR139 and reveal a role for POLR2M in the MIR139-silencing mechanism, downstream of MLL-AF9 and PRC2 in AML. In addition, we confirmed these findings in human AML cell lines with different oncogenic aberrations, suggesting that this is a more common oncogenic mechanism in AML. Our results may pave the way for new targeted therapy in AML.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christiaan J Stavast
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Iris van Zuijen
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Elena Karkoulia
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Arman Özçelik
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Leticia G Leon
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jane S A Voerman
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - George M C Janssen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Peter A van Veelen
- Center for Proteomics and Metabolomics, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Monika Burocziova
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Rutger W W Brouwer
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Biomics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Wilfred F J van IJcken
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Center for Biomics, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alex Maas
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Cell Biology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric M Bindels
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Hematology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Christopher Schliehe
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Meritxell Alberich-Jorda
- Department of Hemato-Oncology, Institute of Molecular Genetics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
- Childhood Leukemia Investigation Prague, Department of Pediatric Haematology and Oncology, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Stefan J Erkeland
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Department of Immunology, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hope JL, Zhao M, Stairiker CJ, Kiernan CH, Carey AJ, Mueller YM, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Otero DC, Bae EA, Faso HA, Maas A, de Looper H, Fortina PM, Rigoutsos I, Bradley LM, Erkeland SJ, Katsikis PD. MicroRNA-139 Expression Is Dispensable for the Generation of Influenza-Specific CD8 + T Cell Responses. J Immunol 2022; 208:603-617. [PMID: 35022277 PMCID: PMC10118001 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.2000621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs/miRs) are small, endogenous noncoding RNAs that are important post-transcriptional regulators with clear roles in the development of the immune system and immune responses. Using miRNA microarray profiling, we characterized the expression profile of naive and in vivo generated murine effector antiviral CD8+ T cells. We observed that out of 362 measurable mature miRNAs, 120 were differentially expressed by at least 2-fold in influenza-specific effector CD8+ CTLs compared with naive CD8+ T cells. One miRNA found to be highly downregulated on both strands in effector CTLs was miR-139. Because previous studies have indicated a role for miR-139-mediated regulation of CTL effector responses, we hypothesized that deletion of miR-139 would enhance antiviral CTL responses during influenza virus infection. We generated miR-139-/- mice or overexpressed miR-139 in T cells to assess the functional contribution of miR-139 expression in CD8+ T cell responses. Our study demonstrates that the development of naive T cells and generation or differentiation of effector or memory CD8+ T cell responses to influenza virus infection are not impacted by miR-139 deficiency or overexpression; yet, miR-139-/- CD8+ T cells are outcompeted by wild-type CD8+ T cells in a competition setting and demonstrate reduced responses to Listeria monocytogenes Using an in vitro model of T cell exhaustion, we confirmed that miR-139 expression similarly does not impact the development of T cell exhaustion. We conclude that despite significant downregulation of miR-139 following in vivo and in vitro activation, miR-139 expression is dispensable for influenza-specific CTL responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; .,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Manzhi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Caoimhe H Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA.,Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Inge Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dennis C Otero
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Eun-Ah Bae
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Hannah A Faso
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Alex Maas
- Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Hans de Looper
- Department of Hematology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Paolo M Fortina
- Department of Cancer Biology, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and
| | - Isidore Rigoutsos
- Computational Medicine Center, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Aging, Cancer and Immuno-oncology Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA
| | - Stefan J Erkeland
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
van der Sijde F, Mustafa DAM, Vietsch EE, Katsikis PD, van Eijck CHJ. Circulating Immunological Biomarkers: Prognosis of Pancreatic Cancer Patients Reflected by the Immune System. Pancreas 2021; 50:933-941. [PMID: 34643608 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001862] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT To date, little advances have been made toward new and more effective therapies for pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). Discovery of prognostic and predictive biomarkers is needed to stratify patients for available treatments and to elucidate how new therapies could be developed. Recent studies have made clear that the immune system is not only affected in the microenvironment of the primary tumor and it is also systemically disrupted in PDAC patients. Under normal circumstances, the immune system is in perfect balance with both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory components present. In this review, we focus on circulating immunological characteristics including immune cells and their subtypes, cytokines, and immune checkpoints in the peripheral blood not only to understand the poor prognosis of PDAC patients but also to find new leads for new innovative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | |
Collapse
|
22
|
Gharbharan A, Jordans CCE, GeurtsvanKessel C, den Hollander JG, Karim F, Mollema FPN, Stalenhoef-Schukken JE, Dofferhoff A, Ludwig I, Koster A, Hassing RJ, Bos JC, van Pottelberge GR, Vlasveld IN, Ammerlaan HSM, van Leeuwen-Segarceanu EM, Miedema J, van der Eerden M, Schrama TJ, Papageorgiou G, Te Boekhorst P, Swaneveld FH, Mueller YM, Schreurs MWJ, van Kampen JJA, Rockx B, Okba NMA, Katsikis PD, Koopmans MPG, Haagmans BL, Rokx C, Rijnders BJA. Effects of potent neutralizing antibodies from convalescent plasma in patients hospitalized for severe SARS-CoV-2 infection. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3189. [PMID: 34045486 PMCID: PMC8160346 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23469-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 38.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
In a randomized clinical trial of 86 hospitalized COVID-19 patients comparing standard care to treatment with 300mL convalescent plasma containing high titers of neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies, no overall clinical benefit was observed. Using a comprehensive translational approach, we unravel the virological and immunological responses following treatment to disentangle which COVID-19 patients may benefit and should be the focus of future studies. Convalescent plasma is safe, does not improve survival, has no effect on the disease course, nor does plasma enhance viral clearance in the respiratory tract, influence SARS-CoV-2 antibody development or serum proinflammatory cytokines levels. Here, we show that the vast majority of patients already had potent neutralizing SARS-CoV-2 antibodies at hospital admission and with comparable titers to carefully selected plasma donors. This resulted in the decision to terminate the trial prematurely. Treatment with convalescent plasma should be studied early in the disease course or at least preceding autologous humoral response development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Faiz Karim
- Groene Hart Hospital, Gouda, The Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Jelle Miedema
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Thijs J Schrama
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Francis H Swaneveld
- Unit of Transfusion Medicine, Sanquin Blood Supply, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Barry Rockx
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Nisreen M A Okba
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Bart L Haagmans
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| | | |
Collapse
|
23
|
Dammeijer F, van Gulijk M, Mulder EE, Lukkes M, Klaase L, van den Bosch T, van Nimwegen M, Lau SP, Latupeirissa K, Schetters S, van Kooyk Y, Boon L, Moyaart A, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD, Eggermont AM, Vroman H, Stadhouders R, Hendriks RW, Thüsen JVD, Grünhagen DJ, Verhoef C, van Hall T, Aerts JG. The PD-1/PD-L1-Checkpoint Restrains T cell Immunity in Tumor-Draining Lymph Nodes. Cancer Cell 2020; 38:685-700.e8. [PMID: 33007259 DOI: 10.1016/j.ccell.2020.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 268] [Impact Index Per Article: 67.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2020] [Revised: 06/28/2020] [Accepted: 08/31/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
PD-1/PD-L1-checkpoint blockade therapy is generally thought to relieve tumor cell-mediated suppression in the tumor microenvironment but PD-L1 is also expressed on non-tumor macrophages and conventional dendritic cells (cDCs). Here we show in mouse tumor models that tumor-draining lymph nodes (TDLNs) are enriched for tumor-specific PD-1+ T cells which closely associate with PD-L1+ cDCs. TDLN-targeted PD-L1-blockade induces enhanced anti-tumor T cell immunity by seeding the tumor site with progenitor-exhausted T cells, resulting in improved tumor control. Moreover, we show that abundant PD-1/PD-L1-interactions in TDLNs of nonmetastatic melanoma patients, but not those in corresponding tumors, associate with early distant disease recurrence. These findings point at a critical role for PD-L1 expression in TDLNs in governing systemic anti-tumor immunity, identifying high-risk patient groups amendable to adjuvant PD-1/PD-L1-blockade therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Floris Dammeijer
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| | - Mandy van Gulijk
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Evalyn E Mulder
- Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melanie Lukkes
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Larissa Klaase
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Menno van Nimwegen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sai Ping Lau
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Kitty Latupeirissa
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Sjoerd Schetters
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvette van Kooyk
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology and Immunology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Louis Boon
- Polpharma Biologics, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Antien Moyaart
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | | | - Heleen Vroman
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Ralph Stadhouders
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rudi W Hendriks
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jan von der Thüsen
- Department of Pathology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk J Grünhagen
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Cornelis Verhoef
- Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Department of Surgical Oncology, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Thorbald van Hall
- Department of Medical Oncology, Oncode Institute, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands.
| | - Joachim G Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Erasmus MC Cancer Institute, Erasmus Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Stoszko M, Al-Hatmi AMS, Skriba A, Roling M, Ne E, Crespo R, Mueller YM, Najafzadeh MJ, Kang J, Ptackova R, LeMasters E, Biswas P, Bertoldi A, Kan TW, de Crignis E, Sulc M, Lebbink JH, Rokx C, Verbon A, van Ijcken W, Katsikis PD, Palstra RJ, Havlicek V, de Hoog S, Mahmoudi T. Gliotoxin, identified from a screen of fungal metabolites, disrupts 7SK snRNP, releases P-TEFb, and reverses HIV-1 latency. Sci Adv 2020; 6:eaba6617. [PMID: 32851167 PMCID: PMC7423394 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aba6617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2019] [Accepted: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
A leading pharmacological strategy toward HIV cure requires "shock" or activation of HIV gene expression in latently infected cells with latency reversal agents (LRAs) followed by their subsequent clearance. In a screen for novel LRAs, we used fungal secondary metabolites as a source of bioactive molecules. Using orthogonal mass spectrometry (MS) coupled to latency reversal bioassays, we identified gliotoxin (GTX) as a novel LRA. GTX significantly induced HIV-1 gene expression in latent ex vivo infected primary cells and in CD4+ T cells from all aviremic HIV-1+ participants. RNA sequencing identified 7SK RNA, the scaffold of the positive transcription elongation factor b (P-TEFb) inhibitory 7SK small nuclear ribonucleoprotein (snRNP) complex, to be significantly reduced upon GTX treatment of CD4+ T cells. GTX directly disrupted 7SK snRNP by targeting La-related protein 7 (LARP7), releasing active P-TEFb, which phosphorylated RNA polymerase II (Pol II) C-terminal domain (CTD), inducing HIV transcription.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Stoszko
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Abdullah M. S. Al-Hatmi
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud UMC/CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
- Ministry of Health, Directorate General of Health Services, Ibri, Oman
| | - Anton Skriba
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Michael Roling
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Enrico Ne
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Raquel Crespo
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mohammad Javad Najafzadeh
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, Faculty of Medicine, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Joyce Kang
- Key Laboratory of Environmental Pollution Monitoring/Disease Control, Ministry of Education and Guizhou Talent Base of Microbes and Human Health, School of Basic Medicine, Guizhou Medical University, Guiyang 550025, P. R. China
| | - Renata Ptackova
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Elizabeth LeMasters
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Pritha Biswas
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Alessia Bertoldi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Microbiology Section, Department of Experimental, Diagnostic and Specialty Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa de Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Miroslav Sulc
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Joyce H.G. Lebbink
- Departments of Molecular Genetics and Radiation Oncology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred van Ijcken
- Erasmus MC Genomics Core Facility, Department of Cell Biology, Erasmus University Medical Center, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Vladimir Havlicek
- Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Videnska 1083, CZ 14220 Prague 4, Czech Republic
| | - Sybren de Hoog
- Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, Netherlands
- Center of Expertise in Mycology of Radboud UMC/CWZ, Nijmegen, Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, PO Box 2040, 3000 CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
- Corresponding author.
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Stairiker CJ, van Meurs M, Leon LG, Brouwers-Haspels AA, Rijsbergen L, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD. Heatr9 is an infection responsive gene that affects cytokine production in alveolar epithelial cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0236195. [PMID: 32678841 PMCID: PMC7367486 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0236195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
During infection, viruses enter susceptible host cells in order to replicate their components for production of new virions. In the process of infection, the gene expression of infected cells undergoes changes because of the production of viral components and due to the host response from detection of viral products. In the advent of RNA sequencing, the discovery of new genes and their functions in the host response generates new avenues for interventions in the host-pathogen interaction. We have identified a novel gene, Heatr9, as a virus and cytokine inducible viral responsive gene. We confirm Heatr9’s expression in vitro and in vivo during virus infection and correlate it with viral burden. Heatr9 is induced by influenza virus and RSV. Heatr9 knockdown during viral infection was shown to affect chemokine expression. Our studies identify Heatr9 as a novel inflammatory and virus infection induced gene that can regulate the induction of specific cytokines.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher J. Stairiker
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Leticia G. Leon
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - A. A. Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Laurine Rijsbergen
- Department of Virology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Kiernan CH, Hope JL, Leon LG, Zhao M, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, van Strien P, Bindels E, Hoogenboezem RM, Li Y, Stubbs AP, Zehn D, Mueller YM, Erkeland SJ, Katsikis PD. Identification of a core miRNA signature unique to exhausted cytotoxic CD8+ T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.165.9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTLs) play a major role in protection against chronic viral infections and tumors. Chronic antigen stimulation in both conditions leads to CTL exhaustion and failure of CTLs to efficiently eradicate tumors and virally infected cells. miRNAs are small, non-coding RNA molecules that participate in post-transcriptional gene regulation. This study aimed to determine the core miRNA signature of CTL exhaustion in mouse models of both tumors and chronic infection. Exhausted anti-tumor CTLs were isolated from tumors of mice that received 10^6 mouse mesothelioma cells (AE17sOVA) followed by an adoptive transfer of 10^4 CD45.1+ OT-I cells. Effector anti-viral CTLs were isolated from mice adoptively transferred with 10^4 CD45.1+ OT-I cells or P14 cells and infected with WSN-OVA or LCMV Armstrong respectively. For exhausted anti-viral CTLs, mice were adoptively transferred with 10^4 CD45.1+ P14 cells and infected with LCMV-Cl13. Single cell suspensions were prepared from the different tissues, live CTLs were FACS sorted, RNA isolated and small RNA-seq was performed. Principle component analysis (PCA) of miRNA expression revealed that exhausted anti-tumor CTLs and anti-LCMV Cl13 CTLs cluster apart from effector anti-viral CTLs (WSN-OVA and LCMV Armstrong). Differential expression analysis identified 73 miRNAs commonly shared between the exhausted day anti-tumor CTL and anti-viral CTL. Using RNA sequencing of two different models of exhaustion, distinct RNA profiles common in exhausted CTLs were found. This core miRNA signature can now be used to manipulate the expression of specific miRNA to potentially prevent or revert CTL exhaustion and improve the CTL response against tumors and/or chronic infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Manzhi Zhao
- 1Erasmus University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Yunlei Li
- 1Erasmus University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhao M, Kiernan CH, Leon LG, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD. Establishment And Application of An in Vitro Cd8+ T Cell Exhaustion System. The Journal of Immunology 2020. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.204.supp.77.11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Exhaustion is a dysfunctional state of cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTL). In vivo models of CTL exhaustion yield very few exhausted CTL, limiting the analysis can be done on these cells. Furthermore, the milieu in these models can obscure the phenotype of exhausted CTL. An in vitro system could therefore greatly facilitate the study of this cell state.
Purified OT-I CTL were cultured and repeatedly stimulated with OVA(257–264) SIINFEKL peptide to induce exhaustion. On day 5, inhibitory receptors (IRs) and cytokine production were assayed. Sorted live CTL were transferred into WSN-OVA influenza infected mice and on day10 post infection the number of the donor CTL were measured. Gene expression changes were determined by RNAseq and DNA methylation sequence.
In vitro exhausted CTL exhibited upregulation of multiple IRs as well as impaired polyfunctionality. They expanded less than controls in vivo. In vitro exhausted CTL exhibited all the transcriptomic characteristics of in vivo exhausted CTL.
Repeated stimulation of CTL with their specific peptide, induced all the functional, phenotypic and transcriptomic characteristics of exhausted CTL. This in vitro system can be used to identify genes and signalling pathways involved in exhaustion and facilitate the screening of reagents that prevent/reverse CTL exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzhi Zhao
- 1Erasmus University Medical Center, Netherlands
| | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
28
|
Hope JL, Spantidea PI, Kiernan CH, Stairiker CJ, Rijsbergen LC, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Mueller YM, Nelson DJ, Bradley LM, Aerts JGJV, Katsikis PD. Microenvironment-Dependent Gradient of CTL Exhaustion in the AE17sOVA Murine Mesothelioma Tumor Model. Front Immunol 2020; 10:3074. [PMID: 31998326 PMCID: PMC6968785 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.03074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system, and in particular, cytotoxic CD8+ T cells (CTLs), plays a vital part in the prevention and elimination of tumors. In many patients, however, CTL-mediated tumor killing ultimately fails in the clearance of cancer cells resulting in disease progression, in large part due to the progression of effector CTL into exhausted CTL. While there have been major breakthroughs in the development of CTL-mediated “reinvigoration”-driven immunotherapies such as checkpoint blockade therapy, there remains a need to better understand the drivers behind the development of T cell exhaustion. Our study highlights the unique differences in T cell exhaustion development in tumor-specific CTL which arises over time in a mouse model of mesothelioma. Importantly, we also show that peripheral tumor-specific T cells have a unique expression profile compared to exhausted tumor-infiltrating CTL at a late-stage of tumor progression in mice. Together, these data suggest that greater emphasis should be placed on understanding contributions of individual microenvironments in the development of T cell exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Cancer Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Panagiota I Spantidea
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Caoimhe H Kiernan
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Laurine C Rijsbergen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Delia J Nelson
- Immunology and Cancer Group, School of Biomedical Sciences, Curtin University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Linda M Bradley
- Cancer Immunology and Tumor Microenvironment Program, Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Joachim G J V Aerts
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Kumova OK, Fike AJ, Thayer JL, Nguyen LT, Mell JC, Pascasio J, Stairiker C, Leon LG, Katsikis PD, Carey AJ. Lung transcriptional unresponsiveness and loss of early influenza virus control in infected neonates is prevented by intranasal Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG. PLoS Pathog 2019; 15:e1008072. [PMID: 31603951 PMCID: PMC6808501 DOI: 10.1371/journal.ppat.1008072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 10/23/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Respiratory viral infections contribute substantially to global infant losses and disproportionately affect preterm neonates. Using our previously established neonatal murine model of influenza infection, we demonstrate that three-day old mice are exceptionally sensitive to influenza virus infection and exhibit high mortality and viral load. Intranasal pre- and post-treatment of neonatal mice with Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG), an immune modulator in respiratory viral infection of adult mice and human preterm neonates, considerably improves neonatal mice survival after influenza virus infection. We determine that both live and heat-killed intranasal LGG are equally efficacious in protection of neonates. Early in influenza infection, neonatal transcriptional responses in the lung are delayed compared to adults. These responses increase by 24 hours post-infection, demonstrating a delay in the kinetics of the neonatal anti-viral response. LGG pretreatment improves immune gene transcriptional responses during early infection and specifically upregulates type I IFN pathways. This is critical for protection, as neonatal mice intranasally pre-treated with IFNβ before influenza virus infection are also protected. Using transgenic mice, we demonstrate that the protective effect of LGG is mediated through a MyD88-dependent mechanism, specifically via TLR4. LGG can improve both early control of virus and transcriptional responsiveness and could serve as a simple and safe intervention to protect neonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ogan K. Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Adam J. Fike
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Jillian L. Thayer
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Linda T. Nguyen
- Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Joshua Chang Mell
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Judy Pascasio
- Pathology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
| | - Christopher Stairiker
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Leticia G. Leon
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Alison J. Carey
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States of America
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Bodewes ILA, van der Spek PJ, Leon LG, Wijkhuijs AJM, van Helden-Meeuwsen CG, Tas L, Schreurs MWJ, van Daele PLA, Katsikis PD, Versnel MA. Fatigue in Sjögren's Syndrome: A Search for Biomarkers and Treatment Targets. Front Immunol 2019; 10:312. [PMID: 30863411 PMCID: PMC6399420 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2019.00312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 02/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS) is a systemic autoimmune disease, where patients often suffer from fatigue. Biological pathways underlying fatigue are unknown. In this study aptamer-based SOMAscan technology is used to identify potential biomarkers and treatment targets for fatigue in pSS. Methods: SOMAscan® Assay 1.3k was performed on serum samples of healthy controls (HCs) and pSS patients characterized for interferon upregulation and fatigue. Differentially expressed proteins (DEPs) between pSS patients and HC or fatigued and non-fatigued pSS patients were validated and discriminatory capacity of markers was tested using independent technology. Results: Serum concentrations of over 1,300 proteins were compared between 63 pSS patients and 20 HCs resulting in 58 upregulated and 46 downregulated proteins. Additionally, serum concentrations of 30 interferon positive (IFNpos) and 30 interferon negative (IFNneg) pSS patients were compared resulting in 25 upregulated and 13 downregulated proteins. ELISAs were performed for several DEPs between pSS patients and HCs or IFNpos and IFNneg all showing a good correlation between protein levels measured by ELISA and relative fluorescence units (RFU) measured by the SOMAscan. Comparing 22 fatigued and 23 non-fatigued pSS patients, 16 serum proteins were differentially expressed, of which 14 were upregulated and 2 were downregulated. Top upregulated DEPs included neuroactive synaptosomal-associated protein 25 (SNAP-25), alpha-enolase (ENO1) and ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase isozyme L1 (UCHL1). Furthermore, the proinflammatory mediator IL36a and several complement factors were upregulated in fatigued compared to non-fatigued pSS patients. ROC analysis indicated that DEPs showed good capacity to discriminate fatigued and non-fatigued pSS patients. Conclusion: In this study we validated the use of aptamer-based proteomics and identified a novel set of proteins which were able to distinguish fatigued from non-fatigued pSS patients and identified a so-called “fatigue signature.”
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Iris L A Bodewes
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter J van der Spek
- Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Pathology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Leticia G Leon
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Annemarie J M Wijkhuijs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | | | - Liselotte Tas
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marco W J Schreurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Paul L A van Daele
- Department of Internal Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Marjan A Versnel
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Iliopoulos I, Ananiadou S, Danchin A, Ioannidis JP, Katsikis PD, Ouzounis CA, Promponas VJ. Hypothesis, analysis and synthesis, it's all Greek to me. eLife 2019; 8:43514. [PMID: 30782313 PMCID: PMC6382348 DOI: 10.7554/elife.43514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2018] [Accepted: 02/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The linguistic foundations of science and technology include many terms that have been borrowed from ancient languages. In the case of terms with origins in the Greek language, the modern meaning can often differ significantly from the original one. Here we use the PubMed database to demonstrate the prevalence of words of Greek origin in the language of modern science, and call for scientists to exercise care when coining new terms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Iliopoulos
- Division of Basic Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion, Greece
| | - Sophia Ananiadou
- School of Computer Science, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Antoine Danchin
- Institute of Cardiometabolism and Nutrition, Hôpital de la Pitié-Salpêtrière, Paris, France.,School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, University of Hong Kong, SAR Hong Kong, China
| | - John Pa Ioannidis
- Meta-Research Innovation Center at Stanford, University of Stanford, Stanford, United States
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Christos A Ouzounis
- Biological Computation & Process Lab, Chemical Process & Energy Resources Institute, Centre for Research & Technology Hellas, Thessalonica, Greece
| | - Vasilis J Promponas
- Bioinformatics Research Laboratory, Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Zhao M, De Crignis E, Rokx C, Verbon A, van Gelder T, Mahmoudi T, Katsikis PD, Mueller YM. T cell toxicity of HIV latency reversing agents. Pharmacol Res 2018; 139:524-534. [PMID: 30366100 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2018.10.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/04/2018] [Revised: 10/21/2018] [Accepted: 10/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Combination antiretroviral therapy reduces morbidity and mortality in HIV infected patients. However, the cure of HIV infection is hindered by the persistence of the latent HIV reservoir. Latency reversing agents (LRAs) are developed to target the HIV latently infected cells for HIV reactivation. In addition to reversal of HIV latency, the eradication of HIV latently infected cells will require effector HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. Therefore it is imperative we understand how LRAs affect immune cells. We have performed a comparative in depth analysis of the cytotoxicity of several compounds belonging to four LRA classes on T cells, B cells, and NK cells. In addition, the effect of these LRAs on activation and inhibitory receptor expression of CD8+ T cells was examined. We show that the HDAC inhibitors romidepsin and panobinostat are highly cytotoxic for CD4+ and CD8+ T cells, whereas the PKC agonists bryostatin and prostratin and BET inhibitors JQ1 and OXT-015 were less cytotoxic. The BAF inhibitors CAPE and pyrimethamine exhibit no cytotoxicity. Drug-specific cytotoxicity on CD8+ T cells was comparable between healthy controls and cART-treated HIV-infected patients. Bryostatin and both BET inhibitors downregulated the expression of CD279 on CD8+ T cells without affecting their activation. Our comparison of LRAs identified differences in cytotoxicity between LRA classes and members within a class and suggests that some LRAs such as bryostatin and BET inhibitors may also downregulate inhibitory receptors on activated HIV-specific CD8+ T cells. These findings may guide the use of LRAs that have the capacity to preserve or restore CD8+ T cell immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Manzhi Zhao
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Elisa De Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Casper Rokx
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Annelies Verbon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Section of Infectious Diseases, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Teun van Gelder
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center Rotterdam, Wytemaweg 80, 3015 CN Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Stelekati E, Chen Z, Manne S, Kurachi M, Ali MA, Lewy K, Cai Z, Nzingha K, McLane LM, Hope JL, Fike AJ, Katsikis PD, Wherry EJ. Long-Term Persistence of Exhausted CD8 T Cells in Chronic Infection Is Regulated by MicroRNA-155. Cell Rep 2018; 23:2142-2156. [PMID: 29768211 PMCID: PMC5986283 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.04.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2017] [Revised: 02/05/2018] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Persistent viral infections and tumors drive development of exhausted T (TEX) cells. In these settings, TEX cells establish an important host-pathogen or host-tumor stalemate. However, TEX cells erode over time, leading to loss of pathogen or cancer containment. We identified microRNA (miR)-155 as a key regulator of sustained TEX cell responses during chronic lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV) infection. Genetic deficiency of miR-155 ablated CD8 T cell responses during chronic infection. Conversely, enhanced miR-155 expression promoted expansion and long-term persistence of TEX cells. However, rather than strictly antagonizing exhaustion, miR-155 promoted a terminal TEX cell subset. Transcriptional profiling identified coordinated control of cell signaling and transcription factor pathways, including the key AP-1 family member Fosl2. Overexpression of Fosl2 reversed the miR-155 effects, identifying a link between miR-155 and the AP-1 transcriptional program in regulating TEX cells. Thus, we identify a mechanism of miR-155 regulation of TEX cells and a key role for Fosl2 in T cell exhaustion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zeyu Chen
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Sasikanth Manne
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Makoto Kurachi
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim Ali
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Keith Lewy
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Zhangying Cai
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; College of Life Sciences, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Kito Nzingha
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Laura M McLane
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology and Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Spantidea PI, Gracias DT, Carey AJ, Fike AJ, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Rijsbergen LC, Fraietta JA, Mueller Y, Klop RC, Stelekati E, Wherry EJ, Erkeland S, Katsikis PD. The transcription factor T-bet is regulated by microRNA-155 in murine anti-viral CD8+ T cells via SHIP-1. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.112.12] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in regulating key cellular processes, and are highly conserved across species. However, the regulatory role of microRNAs in generating effective CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses to viral infection and tumors is only now being elucidated. Microarray miRNA expression profiling identified unique expression patterns of miRNAs in naïve and effector anti-viral CTL. In particular, microRNA-155 was significantly upregulated in effector CTL. Previously, we have demonstrated that miR-155 is essential to CD8+ T cell responses to viral and intracellular bacterial infections. In the present study, we show that miR-155 overexpression in CTL augments anti-viral effector CTL and skews memory CD8+ T cells towards an effector memory phenotype. MiR-155 overexpression resulted in enhanced T-bet expression, which is known to be required for effector CTL and to promote effector memory cell formation. Importantly, we show that the proliferative effect of miR-155 on CD8+ T cells is mediated by T-bet. In CTL, T-bet levels were controlled in vivo by miR-155 via SH2 (Src homology 2)-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), a known direct target of miR-155. Our studies have revealed an important and unexpected link between miR-155, T-bet transcription factor and SHIP-1 in the context of CTL responses to an in vivo viral infection.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L. Hope
- 1Sanford Burnham Prebys Medical Discovery Institute
- 2Drexel Univ. Col. of Med
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
35
|
Stairiker C, Mueller Y, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Erkeland S, Katsikis PD. Heatr9 is upregulated during influenza virus infection in lung alveolar epithelial cells. The Journal of Immunology 2018. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.200.supp.109.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Influenza virus infection poses a serious threat to public health. Influenza virus infects lung alveolar epithelial cells in the respiratory tract and utilizes them to produce more virus, spreading the infection. Understanding genes that are dynamically regulated during influenza virus infection may help elucidate essential genes and pathways that affect influenza virus infection. We examined by RNAseq the in vivo gene expression profiles of alveolar epithelial cells sorted from A/Puerto Rico/8/1934-GFP (PR8-GFP) expressing influenza virus infected mice. We identified a novel influenza virus-induced gene, Heatr9 (also known as Gm11435), that was upregulated by >200-fold in vivo in mouse alveolar epithelial cells. The upregulation of Heatr9 by influenza virus was further confirmed in vitro in PR8-GFP influenza virus infected human lung A549 cells. In vivo Heatr9 upregulation was found to be an indirect effect of influenza virus infection as bystander alveolar epithelial cells in lungs exhibited similar levels of Heatr9 induction as directly infected cells. Furthermore, supernatants of influenza virus infected A549 cells were capable of potently inducing Heatr9 mRNA even in the absence of infection. To identify factors that upregulate Heatr9 we examined the effect of cytokines on Heatr9 expression in vitro. Heatr9 expression was not induced by type I IFN, TNFα, and IL-1β alone in A549 cell, however when used in combination IFNβ and TNFα or IFNβ and IL-1β potently induced Heatr9 mRNA. Currently, we are generating Heatr9 deficient cell lines to examine the function of this gene in infection. In summary, we have identified Heatr9 as a cytokine-induced gene during influenza virus infection, the function of which has a yet to be determined.
Collapse
|
36
|
Laksono BM, Grosserichter-Wagener C, de Vries RD, Langeveld SAG, Brem MD, van Dongen JJM, Katsikis PD, Koopmans MPG, van Zelm MC, de Swart RL. In Vitro Measles Virus Infection of Human Lymphocyte Subsets Demonstrates High Susceptibility and Permissiveness of both Naive and Memory B Cells. J Virol 2018; 92:e00131-18. [PMID: 29437964 PMCID: PMC5874404 DOI: 10.1128/jvi.00131-18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Measles is characterized by a transient immune suppression, leading to an increased risk of opportunistic infections. Measles virus (MV) infection of immune cells is mediated by the cellular receptor CD150, expressed by subsets of lymphocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages, and thymocytes. Previous studies showed that human and nonhuman primate memory T cells express higher levels of CD150 than naive cells and are more susceptible to MV infection. However, limited information is available about the CD150 expression and relative susceptibility to MV infection of B-cell subsets. In this study, we assessed the susceptibility and permissiveness of naive and memory T- and B-cell subsets from human peripheral blood or tonsils to in vitro MV infection. Our study demonstrates that naive and memory B cells express CD150, but at lower frequencies than memory T cells. Nevertheless, both naive and memory B cells proved to be highly permissive to MV infection. Furthermore, we assessed the susceptibility and permissiveness of various functionally distinct T and B cells, such as helper T (TH) cell subsets and IgG- and IgA-positive memory B cells, in peripheral blood and tonsils. We demonstrated that TH1TH17 cells and plasma and germinal center B cells were the subsets most susceptible and permissive to MV infection. Our study suggests that both naive and memory B cells, along with several other antigen-experienced lymphocytes, are important target cells of MV infection. Depletion of these cells potentially contributes to the pathogenesis of measles immune suppression.IMPORTANCE Measles is associated with immune suppression and is often complicated by bacterial pneumonia, otitis media, or gastroenteritis. Measles virus infects antigen-presenting cells and T and B cells, and depletion of these cells may contribute to lymphopenia and immune suppression. Measles has been associated with follicular exhaustion in lymphoid tissues in humans and nonhuman primates, emphasizing the importance of MV infection of B cells in vivo However, information on the relative susceptibility of B-cell subsets is scarce. Here, we compared the susceptibility and permissiveness to in vitro MV infection of human naive and memory T- and B-cell subsets isolated from peripheral blood or tonsils. Our results demonstrate that both naive and memory B cells are more permissive to MV infection than T cells. The highest infection levels were detected in plasma cells and germinal center B cells, suggesting that infection and depletion of these populations contribute to reduced host resistance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta M Laksono
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Christina Grosserichter-Wagener
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rory D de Vries
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Simone A G Langeveld
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Maarten D Brem
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jacques J M van Dongen
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Marion P G Koopmans
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Menno C van Zelm
- Department of Immunology, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Rik L de Swart
- Department of Viroscience, Postgraduate School of Molecular Medicine, Erasmus MC, University Medical Centre Rotterdam, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Wentink MWJ, Mueller YM, Dalm VASH, Driessen GJ, van Hagen PM, van Montfrans JM, van der Burg M, Katsikis PD. Exhaustion of the CD8 + T Cell Compartment in Patients with Mutations in Phosphoinositide 3-Kinase Delta. Front Immunol 2018; 9:446. [PMID: 29563914 PMCID: PMC5845988 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.00446] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2017] [Accepted: 02/19/2018] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Pathogenic gain-of-function mutations in the gene encoding phosphoinositide 3-kinase delta (PI3Kδ) cause activated PI3Kδ syndrome (APDS), a disease characterized by humoral immunodeficiency, lymphadenopathy, and an inability to control persistent viral infections including Epstein–Barr virus (EBV) and cytomegalovirus (CMV) infections. Understanding the mechanisms leading to impaired immune response is important to optimally treat APDS patients. Immunosenescence of CD8+ T cells was suggested to contribute to APDS pathogenesis. However, the constitutive activation of T cells in APDS may also result in T cell exhaustion. Therefore, we studied exhaustion of the CD8+ T cell compartment in APDS patients and compared them with healthy controls and HIV patients, as a control for exhaustion. The subset distribution of the T cell compartment of APDS patients was comparable with HIV patients with decreased naive CD4+ and CD8+ T cells and increased effector CD8+ T cells. Like in HIV+ patients, expression of activation markers and inhibitory receptors CD160, CD244, and programmed death receptor (PD)-1 on CD8+ T cells was increased in APDS patients, indicating exhaustion. EBV-specific CD8+ T cells from APDS patients exhibited an exhausted phenotype that resembled HIV-specific CD8+ T cells in terms of inhibitory receptor expression. Inhibition of PD-1 on EBV-specific CD8+ T cells from APDS patients enhanced in vitro proliferation and effector cytokine production. Based on these results, we conclude that total and EBV-specific CD8+ T cells from APDS patients are characterized by T cell exhaustion. Furthermore, PD-1 checkpoint inhibition may provide a possible therapeutic approach to support the immune system of APDS patients to control EBV and CMV.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marjolein W J Wentink
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Virgil A S H Dalm
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Gertjan J Driessen
- Division of Pediatrics, Juliana Children's Hospital, Haga Teaching Hospital, The Hague, Netherlands.,Division of Pediatric Infectious Disease and Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - P Martin van Hagen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Internal Medicine - Division of Clinical Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joris M van Montfrans
- Division of Pediatrics, Pediatric Immunology and Infectious Disease, Wilhelmina Children's Hospital, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC, University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
38
|
Palstra RJ, de Crignis E, Röling MD, van Staveren T, Kan TW, van Ijcken W, Mueller YM, Katsikis PD, Mahmoudi T. Allele-specific long-distance regulation dictates IL-32 isoform switching and mediates susceptibility to HIV-1. Sci Adv 2018; 4:e1701729. [PMID: 29507875 PMCID: PMC5833994 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.1701729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2017] [Accepted: 01/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We integrated data obtained from HIV-1 genome-wide association studies with T cell-derived epigenome data and found that the noncoding intergenic variant rs4349147, which is statistically associated with HIV-1 acquisition, is located in a CD4+ T cell-specific deoxyribonuclease I hypersensitive region, suggesting regulatory potential for this variant. Deletion of the rs4349147 element in Jurkat cells strongly reduced expression of interleukin-32 (IL-32), approximately 10-kb upstream, and chromosome conformation capture assays identified a chromatin loop between rs4349147 and the IL-32 promoter validating its function as a long-distance enhancer. We generated single rs4349147-A or rs4349147-G allele clones and demonstrated that IL-32 enhancer activity and interaction with the IL-32 promoter are strongly allele dependent; rs4349147 -/A cells display reduced IL-32 expression and altered chromatin conformation as compared to rs4349147 G/- cells. Moreover, RNA sequencing demonstrated that rs4349147 G/- cells express a lower relative ratio of IL-32α to non-α isoforms than rs4349147 -/A cells and display increased expression of lymphocyte activation factors rendering them more prone to infection with HIV-1. In agreement, in primary CD4+ T cells, both treatment with recombinant IL-32γ (rIL-32γ) but not rIL-32α, and exogenous lentiviral overexpression of IL-32γ or IL-32β but not IL-32α resulted in a proinflammatory T cell cytokine environment concomitant with increased susceptibility to HIV infection. Our data demonstrate that rs4349147-G promotes transcription of non-IL-32α isoforms, generating a proinflammatory environment more conducive to HIV infection. This study provides a mechanistic link between a HIV-associated noncoding DNA variant and the expression of different IL-32 isoforms that display discrete anti-HIV properties.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Robert-Jan Palstra
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Elisa de Crignis
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Michael D. Röling
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Thomas van Staveren
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tsung Wai Kan
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Wilfred van Ijcken
- Erasmus Center for Biomics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-671, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M. Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Na-1218, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D. Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Na-1218, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Tokameh Mahmoudi
- Department of Biochemistry, Erasmus University Medical Center, Ee-634, PO Box 2040, 3000CA Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Carey AJ, Hope JL, Mueller YM, Fike AJ, Kumova OK, van Zessen DBH, Steegers EAP, van der Burg M, Katsikis PD. Public Clonotypes and Convergent Recombination Characterize the Naïve CD8 + T-Cell Receptor Repertoire of Extremely Preterm Neonates. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1859. [PMID: 29312340 PMCID: PMC5742125 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 12/07/2017] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Respiratory support improvements have aided survival of premature neonates, but infection susceptibility remains a predominant problem. We previously reported that neonatal mice have a rapidly evolving T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire that impairs CD8+ T cell immunity. To understand the impact of prematurity on the human CD8+ TCR repertoire, we performed next-generation sequencing of the complementarity-determining region 3 (CDR3) from the rearranged TCR variable beta (Vβ) in sorted, naïve CD8+ T cells from extremely preterm neonates (23–27 weeks gestation), term neonates (37–41 weeks gestation), children (16–56 months), and adults (25–50 years old). Strikingly, preterm neonates had an increased frequency of public clonotypes shared between unrelated individuals. Public clonotypes identified in preterm infants were encoded by germline gene sequences, and some of these clonotypes persisted into adulthood. The preterm neonatal naïve CD8+ TCR repertoire exhibited convergent recombination, characterized by different nucleotide sequences encoding the same amino acid CDR3 sequence. As determined by Pielou’s evenness and iChao1 metrics, extremely preterm neonates have less clonality, and a much lower bound for the number of unique TCR within an individual preterm neonate, which indicates a less rich and diverse repertoire, as compared to term neonates, children, and adults. This suggests that T cell selection in the preterm neonate may be less stringent or different. Our analysis is the first to compare the TCR repertoire of naïve CD8+ T cells between viable preterm neonates and term neonates. We find preterm neonates have a repertoire immaturity which potentially contributes to their increased infection susceptibility. A developmentally regulated, evenly distributed repertoire in preterm neonates may lead to the inclusion of public TCR CDR3β sequences that overlap between unrelated individuals in the preterm repertoire.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Carey
- Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Ogan K Kumova
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - David B H van Zessen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Eric A P Steegers
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Mirjam van der Burg
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Spantidea PI, Gracias DT, Carey AJ, Fike AJ, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Rijsbergen LC, Fraietta JA, Mueller YM, Klop RC, Stelekati E, Wherry EJ, Erkeland SJ, Katsikis PD. The Transcription Factor T-Bet Is Regulated by MicroRNA-155 in Murine Anti-Viral CD8 + T Cells via SHIP-1. Front Immunol 2017; 8:1696. [PMID: 29358931 PMCID: PMC5765282 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.01696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Accepted: 11/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
We report here that the expression of the transcription factor T-bet, which is known to be required for effector cytotoxic CD8+ T lymphocytes (CTL) generation and effector memory cell formation, is regulated in CTL by microRNA-155 (miR-155). Importantly, we show that the proliferative effect of miR-155 on CD8+ T cells is mediated by T-bet. T-bet levels in CTL were controlled in vivo by miR-155 via SH2 (Src homology 2)-containing inositol phosphatase-1 (SHIP-1), a known direct target of miR-155, and SHIP-1 directly downregulated T-bet. Our studies reveal an important and unexpected signaling axis between miR-155, T-bet, and SHIP-1 in in vivo CTL responses and suggest an important signaling module that regulates effector CTL immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Christopher J Stairiker
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands.,Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Panagiota I Spantidea
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Donald T Gracias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Alison J Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States.,Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Marjan van Meurs
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Inge Brouwers-Haspels
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Laurine C Rijsbergen
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies and Abramson Cancer Center, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Rosemarieke C Klop
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Erietta Stelekati
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - E John Wherry
- Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Stefan J Erkeland
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Immunology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Artlett CM, Sassi-Gaha S, Hope JL, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Katsikis PD. Mir-155 is overexpressed in systemic sclerosis fibroblasts and is required for NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated collagen synthesis during fibrosis. Arthritis Res Ther 2017. [PMID: 28623945 PMCID: PMC5473986 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-017-1331-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 97] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the important role that microRNAs (miRNAs) play in immunity and inflammation, their involvement in systemic sclerosis (SSc) remains poorly characterized. miRNA-155 (miR-155) plays a role in pulmonary fibrosis and its expression can be induced with interleukin (IL)-1β. SSc fibroblasts have activated inflammasomes that are integrally involved in mediating the myofibroblast phenotype. In light of this, we investigated whether miR-155 played a role in SSc and if its expression was dependent on inflammasome activation. METHODS miR-155 expression was confirmed in SSc dermal and lung fibroblasts by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Wild-type and NLRP3-deficient murine fibroblasts were utilized to explore the regulation of miR-155 during inflammasome activation. miR-155-deficient fibroblasts and retroviral transductions with a miR-155 expression or control vectors were used to understand the contribution of miR-155 in fibrosis. RESULTS miR-155 was significantly increased and the highest expressing miRNA in SSc lung fibroblasts. Its expression was dependent on inflammasome activation as miR-155 expression could be blocked when inflammasome signaling was inhibited. In the absence of miR-155, inflammasome-mediated collagen synthesis could not be induced but was restored when miR-155 was expressed in miR-155-deficient fibroblasts. CONCLUSIONS miR-155 is upregulated in SSc. These results suggest that the inflammasome promotes the expression of miR-155 and that miR-155 is a critical miRNA that drives fibrosis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.
| | - Sihem Sassi-Gaha
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Carol A Feghali-Bostwick
- Division of Rheumatology & Immunology, Medical University of South Carolina, Charleston, SC, USA
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, 2900 Queen Lane, Philadelphia, PA, 19129, USA.,Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Hope JL, Stairiker C, Spantidea P, Gracias DT, Carey AJ, van Meurs M, Brouwers-Haspels I, Fike AJ, Rijsbergen L, Mueller YM, Fraietta JA, Klop R, Erkeland S, Katsikis PD. MicroRNA-155 regulates T-bet expression in anti-viral CD8+ T cells. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.121.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small, single-stranded non-coding RNAs that play essential roles in regulating key cellular processes, and are highly conserved across species. miRNA are known to regulate immune cells and play an important role in effective CD8+ T cell (CTL) responses to viral infection and tumors. To understand the role of miRNA in CTL responses we performed microarray miRNA expression profiling and identified unique in vivo expression patterns of miRNAs in naïve and effector anti-viral CTL. In particular, miR-155, which we and others previously have demonstrated to regulate CTL responses, was significantly upregulated in effector CTL. We show that further increasing the levels of miR-155 by retroviral overexpression significantly augments anti-viral effector CTL and skews memory CD8+ T cells towards an effector memory phenotype. MiR-155 overexpression resulted in enhanced T-bet expression, which is known to be required for effector CTL and to promote effector memory cell formation. MiR-155 overexpression-induced T-bet expression was required for miR-155 mediated increases in effector CTL. Our studies have revealed an important and unexpected link between miR-155 and T-bet transcription factor in the context of in vivo CTL responses.
Collapse
|
43
|
Stairiker C, Hancock AS, Boesteanu AC, Monzon-Casanova E, Lukasiak S, Stubbs A, Turner MJC, Katsikis PD. The RNA transcriptome of in vivo influenza virus infection reveals unique gene expression profiles in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.153.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Globally, influenza virus outbreaks represent a serious threat to public health. Influenza virus infects type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (AEC) and utilizes cellular machinery in order to produce new infectious virions. During infection, multiple cell types release cytokines and other soluble factors that influence gene expression in both infected and uninfected cells. Here, the unique in vivo gene expression profiles between infected and uninfected bystander AEC from influenza virus infected mice are compared via next generation RNA-sequencing analysis. Mice were infected with PR8-expressing GFP virus (PR8-GFP). On day 3 post infection, GFP positive and negative AEC were FACS sorted from influenza virus infected mouse lungs. Transcriptome next generation RNA-sequencing analysis was performed comparing influenza-infected GFP-positive cells versus uninfected bystander GFP-negative cells from influenza virus-infected mouse lungs. Results from the sequencing data suggest a number of genes and associated pathways that are significantly differentially expressed in GFP-positive versus GFP-negative AEC. Pathways such as interferon signaling and cell death were found to be increased while Wnt signaling was decreased specifically within GFP-positive infected cells. RNA sequencing also identifies unique genes that are upregulated during virus infection, such as heatr9, that have yet to characterized during the response to influenza.
Collapse
|
44
|
Carey AJ, Hope JL, Fike AJ, Mueller YM, Nguyen LT, Kumova OK, Van Zessen DBH, van der Burg M, Katsikis PD. The CD8+ T-cell receptor (TCR) repertoire in extremely preterm neonates is highly shared and convergent. The Journal of Immunology 2017. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.198.supp.202.10] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Neonates have an immunological immaturity which persists from fetal life into the newborn period and can result in a poorly protective response to intracellular pathogens. We have previously shown a less complex TCR repertoire may be responsible for reduced CD8+ T cell immunity in a neonatal murine model of influenza virus infection. Therefore, we sought to determine if there were similar differences in the TCR repertoire across the human life span. High-throughput sequencing of the TCRβ CDR3 regions was performed in sorted, naïve CD8+ T cells from extremely preterm (23–27 weeks gestation), term (39–40 weeks gestation), children aged 16 months to 4 years old, and adults aged 25–50 years (n=5 in each group). There were differences in the CDR3 length across the life span, with preterm infants having a shorter CDR3 length, which was due to fewer N1 and N2 additions (p<0.01) than their term counterparts, which inherently decreases junctional diversity. There was no increase in trimming at the 5′ and 3′ ends of the VDJ genes across the lifespan. Preterm neonates had a striking number of shared clonotypes (8% of total clonotypes) versus their term counterparts (3%) and adults (1%). Convergent recombination describes the phenomenon that identical TCR specificities at the amino acid level can be obtained through different nucleotide sequences. Upon analysis of the most highly shared clones (common to at least 4 samples/age group), the preterm neonate had 12 nucleotide rearrangements per highly shared amino acid sequence, compared to 6 rearrangements at term and 5 in the adult. Our analysis demonstrates the prevalence of shared, convergent clonotypes within the preterm TCR repertoire suggestive of an antigen-driven shaping of the TCR repertoire in utero.
Collapse
|
45
|
Carey AJ, Gracias DT, Thayer JL, Boesteanu AC, Kumova OK, Mueller YM, Hope JL, Fraietta JA, van Zessen DBH, Katsikis PD. Rapid Evolution of the CD8+ TCR Repertoire in Neonatal Mice. J Immunol 2016; 196:2602-13. [PMID: 26873987 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1502126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2015] [Accepted: 01/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Currently, there is little consensus regarding the most appropriate animal model to study acute infection and the virus-specific CD8(+) T cell (CTL) responses in neonates. TCRβ high-throughput sequencing in naive CTL of differently aged neonatal mice was performed, which demonstrated differential Vβ family gene usage. Using an acute influenza infection model, we examined the TCR repertoire of the CTL response in neonatal and adult mice infected with influenza type A virus. Three-day-old mice mounted a greatly reduced primary NP(366-374)-specific CTL response when compared with 7-d-old and adult mice, whereas secondary CTL responses were normal. Analysis of NP(366-374)-specific CTL TCR repertoire revealed different Vβ gene usage and greatly reduced public clonotypes in 3-d-old neonates. This could underlie the impaired CTL response in these neonates. To directly test this, we examined whether controlling the TCR would restore neonatal CTL responses. We performed adoptive transfers of both nontransgenic and TCR-transgenic OVA(257-264)-specific (OT-I) CD8(+) T cells into influenza-infected hosts, which revealed that naive neonatal and adult OT-I cells expand equally well in neonatal and adult hosts. In contrast, nontransgenic neonatal CD8(+) T cells when transferred into adults failed to expand. We further demonstrate that differences in TCR avidity may contribute to decreased expansion of the endogenous neonatal CTL. These studies highlight the rapid evolution of the neonatal TCR repertoire during the first week of life and show that impaired neonatal CTL immunity results from an immature TCR repertoire, rather than intrinsic signaling defects or a suppressive environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alison J Carey
- Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102;
| | - Donald T Gracias
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Jillian L Thayer
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Ogan K Kumova
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104; and
| | - David B H van Zessen
- Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands; Bioinformatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102; Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 CN Rotterdam, the Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Gracias DT, Boesteanu AC, Fraietta JA, Hope JL, Carey AJ, Mueller YM, Kawalekar OU, Fike AJ, June CH, Katsikis PD. Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinase p110δ Isoform Regulates CD8+ T Cell Responses during Acute Viral and Intracellular Bacterial Infections. J Immunol 2016; 196:1186-98. [PMID: 26740110 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1501890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Accepted: 12/03/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The p110δ isoform of PI3K is known to play an important role in immunity, yet its contribution to CTL responses has not been fully elucidated. Using murine p110δ-deficient CD8(+) T cells, we demonstrated a critical role for the p110δ subunit in the generation of optimal primary and memory CD8(+) T cell responses. This was demonstrated in both acute viral and intracellular bacterial infections in mice. We show that p110δ signaling is required for CD8(+) T cell activation, proliferation and effector cytokine production. We provide evidence that the effects of p110δ signaling are mediated via Akt activation and through the regulation of TCR-activated oxidative phosphorylation and aerobic glycolysis. In light of recent clinical trials that employ drugs targeting p110δ in certain cancers and other diseases, our study suggests caution in using these drugs in patients, as they could potentially increase susceptibility to infectious diseases. These studies therefore reveal a novel and direct role for p110δ signaling in in vivo CD8(+) T cell immunity to microbial pathogens.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Donald T Gracias
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Alina C Boesteanu
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Joseph A Fraietta
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Jennifer L Hope
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Alison J Carey
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Pediatrics, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Yvonne M Mueller
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| | - Omkar U Kawalekar
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Adam J Fike
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129
| | - Carl H June
- Center for Cellular Immunotherapies, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Institute for Molecular Medicine and Infectious Disease, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129; Department of Immunology, Erasmus University Medical Center, 3015 GE Rotterdam, the Netherlands; and
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Johnson BM, Fraietta JA, Gracias DT, Hope JL, Stairiker CJ, Patel PR, Mueller YM, McHugh MD, Jablonowski LJ, Wheatley MA, Katsikis PD. Acute exposure to ZnO nanoparticles induces autophagic immune cell death. Nanotoxicology 2014; 9:737-48. [DOI: 10.3109/17435390.2014.974709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
|
48
|
Stelekati E, Shin H, Doering TA, Dolfi DV, Ziegler CG, Beiting DP, Dawson L, Liboon J, Wolski D, Ali MAA, Katsikis PD, Shen H, Roos DS, Haining WN, Lauer GM, Wherry EJ. Bystander chronic infection negatively impacts development of CD8(+) T cell memory. Immunity 2014; 40:801-13. [PMID: 24837104 DOI: 10.1016/j.immuni.2014.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2013] [Accepted: 03/11/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Epidemiological evidence suggests that chronic infections impair immune responses to unrelated pathogens and vaccines. The underlying mechanisms, however, are unclear and distinguishing effects on priming versus development of immunological memory has been challenging. We investigated whether bystander chronic infections impact differentiation of memory CD8(+) T cells, the hallmark of protective immunity against intracellular pathogens. Chronic bystander infections impaired development of memory CD8(+) T cells in several mouse models and humans. These effects were independent of initial priming and were associated with chronic inflammatory signatures. Chronic inflammation negatively impacted the number of bystander CD8(+) T cells and their memory development. Distinct underlying mechanisms of altered survival and differentiation were revealed with the latter regulated by the transcription factors T-bet and Blimp-1. Thus, exposure to prolonged bystander inflammation impairs the effector to memory transition. These data have relevance for immunity and vaccination during persisting infections and chronic inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Erietta Stelekati
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Haina Shin
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Travis A Doering
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Douglas V Dolfi
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Carly G Ziegler
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Daniel P Beiting
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Lucas Dawson
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jennifer Liboon
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David Wolski
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - Mohammed-Alkhatim A Ali
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Peter D Katsikis
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19129, USA
| | - Hao Shen
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Roos
- Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - W Nicholas Haining
- Department of Pediatric Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute and Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Gastrointestinal Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02114, USA
| | - E John Wherry
- Department of Microbiology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Institute for Immunology, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Artlett CM, Sassi-Gaha S, Rieger JL, Boesteanu AC, Feghali-Bostwick CA, Katsikis PD. The inflammasome activating caspase 1 mediates fibrosis and myofibroblast differentiation in systemic sclerosis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2013; 63:3563-74. [PMID: 21792841 DOI: 10.1002/art.30568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 131] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Systemic sclerosis (SSc) is a chronic idiopathic disease of unknown etiology that is characterized by fibrosis of the skin and visceral organs mediated by activated myofibroblasts. The recently identified inflammasomes are cytosolic receptors that tightly regulate the activity of caspase 1 and downstream signaling molecules such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-18. The nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome has been implicated in the development of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. This study was undertaken to assess the role of the inflammasome in SSc-related dermal or pulmonary fibrosis. METHODS Inflammasome gene transcripts were assayed in fibroblasts obtained from patients with SSc. Caspase 1 activation in SSc primary dermal and lung fibroblasts was inhibited, and the levels of hydroxyproline, COL1A1, COL3A1, IL-1β, IL-18, and α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA) were measured. The role of the inflammasome in dermal fibrosis was investigated in NLRP3(-/-) and ASC(-/-) mice. RESULTS We identified increased expression of 40 genes associated with the inflammasome or downstream signaling molecules in SSc fibroblasts. Inhibition of caspase 1 in SSc dermal and lung fibroblasts abrogated the secretion of collagens, IL-1β, and IL-18. In addition, we observed decreased expression of the myofibroblast protein α-SMA in SSc dermal fibroblasts treated with a caspase 1 inhibitor. Furthermore, NLRP3(-/-) mice and ASC(-/-) mice were resistant to bleomycin-induced skin fibrosis, which suggests a key role for the inflammasome in in vivo fibrosis. CONCLUSION Innate immune signaling contributes to SSc fibrosis via activation of the inflammasome and caspase 1. These results suggest that inflammasome activation may play an important role in the pathogenesis of SSc.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carol M Artlett
- Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Affiliation(s)
- Martin Turner
- Laboratory of Lymphocyte Signalling and Development, The Babraham Institute, Babraham, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK.
| | | |
Collapse
|