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Chi Y, Jiao H, Ran J, Xiong C, Wei J, Ozdemir E, Wu R. Construction and efficacy of Aeromonas veronii mutant Δhcp as a live attenuated vaccine for the largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 136:108694. [PMID: 36944414 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Aeromonas veronii is a human and animal co-pathogenic bacterium that could have a significant negative impact on both human health and aquaculture. In this study, a mutant strain of A. veronii with deletion of the hemolysin co-regulated protein (hcp) gene was constructed (Δhcp-AV). Compared with the wild strain, Δhcp-AV showed significantly reduced growth capacity and biofilm formation ability. Motility tests showed that the hcp gene had no significant effect on the swimming and swarming ability. In addition, the pathogenicity was also reduced. To evaluate the efficacy of Δhcp-AV as a live attenuated vaccine for prevention of Aeromonas veronii infection, we compared the immune response of largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) after immunization with 500 μL of 1.47 × 105 CFU/mL of Δhcp-AV and 4 × 108 CFU/mL of inactivated A. veronii. Obvious increases of serum immune related enzyme activity were observed in immunization groups. Expression levels of immune-related genes in Δhcp-AV group were up-regulated, and higher than those in inactivated A. veronii group. After challenging with live A. veronii, the relative percent survival (RPS) was 100% in Δhcp- AV group, whereas the RPS was 76.67% in inactivated A. veronii group. Our data suggest that the live attenuated vaccine Δhcp- AV could elicit a stronger immune response and provide a higher RPS than inactivated A. veronii. These data suggest that hcp gene is an important virulence factor of A. veronii, and the live attenuated vaccine Δhcp-AV is safe and effective for prevention A. veronii infection in M. salmoides farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuyu Chi
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Hanyang Jiao
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jiayan Ran
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Chuanyu Xiong
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Jinming Wei
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
| | - Eda Ozdemir
- Department of Basic Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Mississippi State University, Mississippi State, MS, 39762, USA.
| | - Ronghua Wu
- College of Fisheries, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China; Key Laboratory of Freshwater Fish Reproduction and Development, Minister of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing, 400715, China.
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Lin P, Xu M, Yang Q, Chen M, Guo S. Inoculation of Freund's adjuvant in European eel (Anguilla anguilla) revealed key KEGG pathways and DEGs of host anti-Edwardsiella anguillarum infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2023; 136:108708. [PMID: 36997037 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 03/16/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Freund's complete (FCA) and incomplete adjuvants (FIA), generally applied in subunit fishery vaccine, have not been explored on the molecular mechanism of the nonspecific immune enhancement. In this study, we examined the RNA-seq in the spleen of European eel (Anguilla anguilla) inoculated with FCA and FIA (FCIA group) to elucidate the key KEGG pathways and differential expressed genes (DEGs) in the process of Edwardsiella anguillarum infection and A. anguilla anti-E. anguillarum infection using genome-wide transcriptome. After eels were challenged by E. anguillarum at 28 d post the first inoculation (dpi), compared to the control uninfected eels (Con group), the control infected eels (Con_inf group) showed severe pathological changes in the liver, kidney and spleen, although infected eels post the inoculation of FCIA (FCIA_inf group) also formed slight bleeding. Compared to the FCIA_inf group, there was more than 10 times colony forming unit (cfu) in the Con_inf group per 100 μg spleen, kidney or blood, and the relative percent survival (RPS) of eels was 44.4% in FCIA_inf vs Con_inf. Compared to the Con group, the SOD activity in the FCIA group increased significantly in the liver and spleen. Using high-throughput transcriptomics, DEGs were identified and 29 genes were verified using fluorescence real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). The result of DEGs clustering showed 9 samples in 3 groups of Con, FCIA and FCIA_inf were similar, contrast to distinct differences of 3 samples in the Con_inf group. We found 3795 up and 3548 down regulated DEGs in the compare of FCIA_inf vs Con_inf, of which 5 enriched KEGG pathways of "Lysosome", "Autophagy", "Apoptosis", "C-type lectin receptor signaling" and "Insulin signaling" were ascertained, and 26 of 30 top GO terms in the compare were significantly enriched. Finally, protein-protein interactions between the DEGs of the 5 KEGG pathways and other DEGs were explored using Cytoscape 3.9.1. The compare of FCIA_inf vs Con_inf showed 110 DEGs from the 5 pathways and 718 DEGs from other pathways formed total of 9747° in a network, of which 9 hub DEGs play vital roles in anti-infection or apoptosis. Together, the interaction networks revealed that 9 DEGs involved in the 5 pathways underlies the key process of A. anguilla anti-E. anguillarum infection or host cell apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lin
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen, China
| | - Ming Xu
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Qiuhua Yang
- Key Laboratory of Cultivation and High-Value Utilization of Marine Organisms in Fujian Province, Fisheries Research Institute of Fujian, Xiamen, China
| | - Minxia Chen
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China
| | - Songlin Guo
- Fisheries College, Jimei University /Engineering Research Center of the Modern Industry Technology for Eel, Ministry of Education of PRC, Xiamen, China; Key Laboratory of Healthy Mariculture for the East China Sea, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Xiamen, China.
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Pradhan PK, Sood N, Yadav MK, Arya P, Chaudhary DK, Kumar U, Kumar CB, Swaminathan TR, Rathore G. Effect of immunization of rohu Labeo rohita with inactivated germinated zoospores in providing protection against Aphanomyces invadans. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 78:195-201. [PMID: 29684607 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.04.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2018] [Accepted: 04/19/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Infection with Aphanomyces invadans is one of the most destructive diseases of freshwater fishes. Indian major carps, the dominant cultured species in the Indian sub-continent are highly susceptible to this disease. Till date, there is no effective treatment for control of this disease and immunization can be one of the strategies to reduce disease-related losses. In the present study, inactivated germinated zoospores of A. invadans were evaluated as antigen in conjunction with and without adjuvant Montanide™ ISA 763 A VG, for assessing their efficacy in rendering protection against A. invadans infection. For the experiment, rohu Labeo rohita, (n = 160, 74 ± 12 g) were divided into 4 groups (C, A, G and GA) with 40 fish in each group. The fish in groups i.e., C, A, G and GA were injected intraperitoneally with PBS, adjuvant emulsified with PBS, inactivated germinated zoospores, and inactivated germinated zoospores emulsified with adjuvant, respectively. After 21 days of immunization, the fish were given a booster dose as above. After 7 days of the booster dose, the fish were challenged with zoospores of A. invadans to determine the relative percent survival (RPS). The results revealed that all the fish in C, A and G group succumbed to infection (0% RPS), although there was delayed mortality in fish from A and G groups in comparison to the C group. However, the fish in GA group showed significantly higher (P < 0.05) protection (66.7% RPS). In addition, following booster immunization (before challenge), the antibody level in the GA group was significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the control group. In western blotting, sera from G and GA groups showed reactivity with peptides of about 54 KDa. Following challenge (on 14th day), the antibody level as well as total antiprotease activity in fish of all the groups was significantly decreased in comparison to pre-challenge, except fish in GA group not exhibiting any gross lesions. In addition, sera of surviving fish of GA group showed significant inhibition of germination of zoospores and germlings growth in comparison to other groups (P < 0.05). Further, histopathological examination of the muscle tissue revealed that, in fish of GA group without any gross lesions, there were well developed granulomas and extensive mononuclear cell infiltration restricted to the site of injection, whereas in other groups, there was extensive myonecrosis with proliferating hyphae. These preliminary findings indicate that inactivated germinated zoospores of A. invadans in combination with adjuvant could stimulate good immune response and confer remarkable protection in rohu.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pravata K Pradhan
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Neeraj Sood
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India.
| | - Manoj K Yadav
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Pooja Arya
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Dharmendra K Chaudhary
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Uday Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Chandra Bhushan Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - T R Swaminathan
- Peninsular and Marine Fish Genetic Resources Centre, ICAR-NBFGR, CMFRI Campus, Kochi, 682 018, Kerala, India
| | - Gaurav Rathore
- ICAR-National Bureau of Fish Genetic Resources, Canal Ring Road, P.O. Dilkusha, Lucknow, 226002, Uttar Pradesh, India
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Lijuan Z, Ningqiu L, Qiang L, Lihui L, Hongru L, Zhibin H, Xiaozhe F. An avirulent Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus vaccine candidate protects Chinese perch against rhabdovirus infection. Fish Shellfish Immunol 2018; 77:474-480. [PMID: 29604344 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.03.047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 03/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
In order to develop live vaccine against Siniperca chuatsi rhabdovirus (SCRV) disease, an avirulent virus strain, designed as Micropterus salmoides rhabdovirus Sanshui (MSRV-SS), was selected from six fish rhabdovirus isolates (SCRV-QY、SCRV-SS、SCRV-GM、CMRV-FS、OMBRV-JM、MSRV-SS) by fish challenge assay. When Chinese perch (Siniperca chuatsi) were intraperitoneally injected live virus strain MSRV-SS, they were completely protected from virulent SCRV-GM challenge with a relative percent survival (RPS) of 100% on 18th day post vaccination. Then, the wild type MSRV-SS was purified by plaque clone assays, and the biological characteristics of the clonal strain designed as MSRV-SS-7 were investigated. The MSRV-SS-7 was avirulent to Chinese perch and its growth characteristic was similar to the MSRV-SS. The immune protection effects of clonal MSRV-SS-7 against virulent SCRV-GM were evaluated by intraperitoneal injection (IP) vaccination and immersion (IM) vaccination, their RPSs were all 100%. Altogether, these results indicate that MSRV-SS-7 is a potential live vaccine candidate against SCRV disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhang Lijuan
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Li Ningqiu
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lin Qiang
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liu Lihui
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Liang Hongru
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Huang Zhibin
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fu Xiaozhe
- Pearl River Fishery Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Key Laboratory of Fishery Drug Development, Ministry of Agriculture, Key Laboratory of Aquatic Animal Immune Technology, Guangzhou 510380, China; Freshwater Aquaculture Collaborative Innovation Center of Hubei Province, Wuhan 430070, China.
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Abstract
Vaccination is a widely accepted and effective method to prevent most pathogenic diseases in aquaculture. Various species of tilapia, especially Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus, are farmed worldwide because of their high consumer demand. Recently, the tilapia-breeding industry has been hampered by outbreaks of Streptococcus agalactiae infection, which cause high mortality and huge economic losses. Many researchers have attempted to develop effective S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia. This review provides a summary of the different kinds of S. agalactiae vaccines for tilapia that have been developed recently. Among the various vaccine types, inactivated S. agalactiae vaccines showed superior protection efficiency when compared with live attenuated, recombinant and DNA vaccines. With respect to vaccination method, injecting the vaccine into tilapia provided the most effective immunoprotection. Freund's incomplete adjuvant appeared to be suitable for tilapia vaccines. Other factors, such as immunization duration and number, fish size and challenge dose, also influenced the vaccine efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guangjin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Animal Bacteriology, Ministry of Agriculture, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, No.1 Weigang, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210095, PR China
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Tian Y, Ye X, Zhang L, Deng G, Bai Y. Development of a novel candidate subunit vaccine against Grass carp reovirus Guangdong strain (GCRV-GD108). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:351-356. [PMID: 23664915 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 04/23/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Grass carp reovirus Guangdong 108 strain (GCRV-GD108) was recently isolated in Guangdong province, China. M6 gene of GCRV-GD108 was speculated encoding virus major outer capsid protein VP4. Blast analysis showed that the amino acid sequence of GCRV-GD108 VP4 was homologous to the structural protein VP4 of known Aquareoviruses (27.3-32.9%). Immunogenicity prediction by DNAStar software revealed there were multiple B cell epitopes on GCRV-GD108 VP4. Prokaryotic expression vector pET32a was used to express VP4 recombinant protein (rVP4) in E. coli BL21(DE3) strain. As expected, the molecular weight of recombinant VP4 was about 87 kDa showed by SDS-PAGE result. Neutralization assay demonstrated that the rabbit polyclonal antibody of rVP4 could prevent virus infection efficiently. After 14 days immunization with the rVP4, grass carps were challenged with GCRV-GD108, the results showed that different doses of rVP4 (1 μg/g, 3 μg/g and 5 μg/g) all provided protection against virus infection (47-82%). The relative percent survival reached 82% in the group immunized with 3 μg/g of rVP4. ELISA revealed rVP4 induced high antibody titer in immunized fish. IgM expression levels in head kidney of grass carp were detected by RT-PCR, and the results showed that IgM expressed at a significantly higher level in immunization groups than in blank control, indicating the rVP4 can induce strong immune response. In conclusion, rVP4 is a candidate vaccine against GCRV-GD108.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuanyuan Tian
- Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Lab of Aquatic Animal Genetic Engineering and Molecular Breeding, CAFS, Ministry of Agriculture Key Lab of Tropic & Subtropic Fisheries Resource Utilization and Aquaculture, Guangzhou 510380, PR China
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Guo SL, Wang Y, Guan RZ, Feng JJ, Yang QH, Lu PP, Hu LL, Zhao JP. Immune effects of a bivalent expressed outer membrane protein to American eels (Anguilla rostrota). Fish Shellfish Immunol 2013; 35:213-20. [PMID: 23643876 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2013.04.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2012] [Revised: 03/25/2013] [Accepted: 04/15/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
The specific and non-specific immune parameters and protection of American eels (Anguilla rostrata) were evaluated after immunized eels with a bivalent expressed out membrane protein (OMP) of porin Ⅱ of Aeromonas hydrophila and ompS2 of Edwardsiella tarda. One hundred eighty eels were distributed into 3 equal groups and intraperitoneal (i.p) injection with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS group), formalin-killed-whole-cell (FKC) of A. hydrophila and E. tarda (FKC group) or the bivalent OMP (OMP group). The lymphocytes and red blood cells collected on 14, 21 and 42 days post-vaccination were used to evaluate the stimulation index (SI) and the sera collected on 14, 21, 28 and 42 days were used to assize the titers of specific antibody as well as lysozyme activity. Lysozyme activities in skin mucus, suspension of liver and kidney were also recorded on 14, 21 and 28 days. On 28 d post-vaccination, eels from all three groups were challenged by i.p injection of live A. hydrophila or E. tarda. The results show that, compared with the PBS group, proliferation of lymphocytes in OMP group was significantly (P < 0.05) enhanced on 21 days, and the serum titers of anti-A. hydrophila and anti- E. tarda antibody in eels of FKC and OMP group were significant increased (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) on 14, 21 and 28 days. Activity of the lysozyme in serum, skin mucus, liver and kidney were significant changed (P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) between the three groups. Relative Percent Survival (RPS) after challenged with A. hydrophila on 28 days post immunization in two vaccinated groups vs. PBS group were 50%, and the RPS challenge E. tarda in FKC and OMP vs. PBS group were 50% and 37.5% respectively. These results suggest that American eels immunized with the bivalent OMP would positively affect specific as well as non-specific immune parameters and protect against infection by the two pathogens in freshwater farming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Song-Lin Guo
- Fishery College of Jimei University/Engineering Research Center of Modern Eel Industrial Technology of the Ministry of Education, PRC, Jimei University, Yindou Road, Fujian, Xiamen 361021, China.
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