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Sergio Iván MM, María Luisa ES, Hugo LM, Jazmín Ciciolil HM, Jesús SR, Uriel Yair AS, Luis SS. Diosgenyl glucosamine conjugates increase pro-apoptotic and selective activities in cancer cell lines. Biol Cell 2024; 116:e2300052. [PMID: 38408271 DOI: 10.1111/boc.202300052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 12/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND INFORMATION Antiproliferative and apoptotic activities have been attributed to the phytosteroid diosgenin ((25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-ol; 1). It is known that combining glucose with two rhamnoses (the chacotrioside framework) linked to diosgenin increases its apoptotic activity. However, the effects of diosgenin glucosamine glycosides on different cancer cell types and cell death have not been entirely explored. RESULTS This study reports the antiproliferative, cytotoxic, and apoptotic activities of diosgenin and its glycosylated derivative ((25R)-spirost-5-en-3β-yl β-D-glucopyranoside; 2). It also explores the effects of two diosgenin glucosamine derivates, diosgenin 2-acetamido-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside (3), and diosgenin 2-amino-2-deoxy-β-D-glucopyranoside hydrochloride (4), on different cancer cell lines. We found that all the compounds affected proliferative activity with minimal toxicity. In addition, all cancer cell lines showed morphological and biochemical characteristics corresponding to an apoptotic process. Apoptotic cell death was higher in all cell lines treated with compounds 2, 3 and 4 than in those treated with diosgenin. Moreover, compounds 3 and 4 induced apoptosis better than compounds 1 and 2. These results suggest that combining glucosamine with modified glucosamine attached to diosgenin has a greater apoptotic effect than diosgenin or its glycosylated derivative (compound 2). Furthermore, diosgenin and the abovementioned glycosides had a selective effect on tumour cells since the proliferative capacity of human lymphocytes, keratinocytes (HaCaT) and epithelial cells (CCD841) was not significantly affected. CONCLUSIONS Altogether, these results demonstrate that diosgenin glucosamine compounds exert an antiproliferative effect on cancer cell lines and induce apoptotic effects more efficiently than diosgenin alone without affecting non-tumour cells. SIGNIFICANCE This study evidences the pro-apoptotic and selective activities of diosgenyl glucosamine compounds in cancer cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martínez Mata Sergio Iván
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Escobar Sánchez María Luisa
- Laboratorio de Microscopía Electrónica, Depto. Biología Celular, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, México
| | - López Muñoz Hugo
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Hilario Martínez Jazmín Ciciolil
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Sandoval Ramírez Jesús
- Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Ciudad Universitaria, Benemérita Universidad Autónoma de Puebla, Puebla, México
| | - Aparicio Sánchez Uriel Yair
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
| | - Sánchez Sánchez Luis
- Laboratorio de Biología Molecular del Cáncer, UMIEZ, Facultad de Estudios Superiores-Zaragoza, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, México
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Liu W, He Y, Guo Z, Wang M, Han X, Jia H, He J, Miao S, Wang S. Discovery of potent tubulin inhibitors targeting the colchicine binding site via structure-based lead optimization and antitumor evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2023; 38:2155815. [PMID: 36629423 PMCID: PMC9848350 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2022.2155815] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
The colchicine binding site of tubulin is a promising target for discovering novel antitumour agents. Previously, we identified 2-aryl-4-amide-quinoline derivatives displayed moderate tubulin polymerisation inhibitory activity and broad-spectrum in vitro antitumour activity. In this study, structure based rational design and systematic structural optimisation were performed to obtain analogues C1∼J2 bearing diverse substituents and scaffolds. Among them, analogue G13 bearing a hydroxymethyl group displayed good tubulin polymerisation inhibitory activity (IC50 = 13.5 μM) and potent antiproliferative activity (IC50 values: 0.65 μM∼0.90 μM). G13 potently inhibited the migration and invasion of MDA-MB-231 cells, and displayed potent antiangiogenic activity. It efficiently increased intracellular ROS level and decreased MMP in cancer cells, and obviously induced the fragmentation and disassembly of the microtubules network. More importantly, G13 exhibited good in vivo antitumour efficacy in MDA-MB-231 xenograft model (TGI = 38.2%; i.p., 30 mg/kg).
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Youyou He
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China,Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Zhongjie Guo
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Miaomiao Wang
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Xiaodong Han
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Hairui Jia
- Faculty of Pharmacy, School of Food and Biological Engineering, Shaanxi University of Science and Technology, Xi’an, China
| | - Jin He
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shanshan Miao
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
| | - Shengzheng Wang
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China,CONTACT Shengzheng Wang Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Analysis, School of Pharmacy, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China
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Žunec S, Karačonji IB, Čatalinac M, Jurič A, Katić A, Kozina G, Micek V, Neuberg M, Vrdoljak AL. Effects of concomitant use of THC and irinotecan on tumour growth and biochemical markers in a syngeneic mouse model of colon cancer. Arh Hig Rada Toksikol 2023; 74:198-206. [PMID: 37791673 PMCID: PMC10549892 DOI: 10.2478/aiht-2023-74-3765] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2023] [Revised: 07/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Clinical treatment with the antineoplastic drug irinotecan (IRI) is often hindered by side effects that significantly reduce the quality of life of treated patients. Due to the growing public support for products with Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), even though relevant scientific literature does not provide clear evidence of their high antitumour potential, some cancer patients take unregistered preparations containing up to 80 % THC. This study was conducted on a syngeneic colorectal cancer mouse model to test the efficiency and safety of concomitant treatment with IRI and THC. Male BALB/c mice subcutaneously injected with CT26 cells were receiving 60 mg/kg of IRI intraperitoneally on day 1 and 5 of treatment and/or 7 mg/kg of THC by gavage a day for 7 days. Treatment responses were evaluated based on changes in body, brain, and liver weight, tumour growth, blood cholinesterase activity, and oxidative stress parameters. Irinotecan's systemic toxicity was evidenced by weight loss and high oxidative stress. The important finding of this study is that combining THC with IRI diminishes IRI efficiency in inhibiting tumour growth. However, further studies, focused on more subtle molecular methods in tumour tissue and analytical analysis of IRI and THC distribution in tumour-bearing mice, are needed to prove our observations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzana Žunec
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | | | | | - Andreja Jurič
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Anja Katić
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Goran Kozina
- University North, University Centre Varaždin, Varaždin, Croatia
| | - Vedran Micek
- Institute for Medical Research and Occupational Health, Zagreb, Croatia
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Jiang Q, Hu Y, Liu Q, Tang Y, Wu X, Liu J, Tu G, Li G, Lin X, Qu M, Cai Y, Huang X, Xu J, Deng Y, Chen Z, Wu L. Albumin-encapsulated HSP90-PROTAC BP3 nanoparticles not only retain protein degradation ability but also enhance the antitumour activity of BP3 in vivo. J Drug Target 2023; 31:411-420. [PMID: 36866593 DOI: 10.1080/1061186x.2023.2185247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis-targeting chimaera (PROTAC) has received extensive attention in industry. However, there are still some limitations that hinder its further development. In a previous study, our group first demonstrated that the HSP90 degrader BP3 synthesised by the principle of PROTACs showed therapeutic potential for cancer. However, its application was hindered by its high molecular weight and water insolubility. Herein, we aimed to improve these properties of HSP90-PROTAC BP3 by encapsulating it into human serum albumin nanoparticles (BP3@HSA NPs). The results demonstrated that BP3@HSA NPs showed a uniform spherical shape with a size of 141.01 ± 1.07 nm and polydispersity index < 0.2; moreover, BP3@HSA NPs were more readily taken up by breast cancer cells and had a stronger inhibitory effect in vitro than free BP3. BP3@HSA NPs also demonstrated the ability to degrade HSP90. Mechanistically, the improved inhibitory effect of BP3@HSA NPs on breast cancer cells was related to its stronger ability to induce cell cycle arrest and apoptosis. Furthermore, BP3@HSA NPs improved PK properties and showed stronger tumour suppression in mice. Taken together, this study demonstrated that hydrophobic HSP90-PROTAC BP3 nanoparticles encapsulated by human serum albumin could improve the safety and antitumour efficacy of BP3.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingna Jiang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yan Hu
- Department of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Quanyu Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- School of Pharmacy, Fujian Health College, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yuanling Tang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xinhua Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jingwen Liu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Guihui Tu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Ge Li
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Lin
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Minghui Qu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yajuan Cai
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Xiuwang Huang
- Department of Public Technology Service Center, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Jianhua Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Yanping Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Structural Chemistry, Fujian Institute of Research on the Structure of Matter, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fujian Academy, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Fuzhou, P.R. China
| | - Lixian Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
- Fujian Key Laboratory of Natural Medicine Pharmacology, Fujian Medical University (FMU), Fuzhou, P.R. China
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Alfonso‐Herrera LA, Rosete‐Luna S, Hernández‐Romero D, Rivera‐Villanueva JM, Olivares‐Romero JL, Cruz‐Navarro JA, Soto‐Contreras A, Arenaza‐Corona A, Morales‐Morales D, Colorado‐Peralta R. Transition Metal Complexes with Tridentate Schiff Bases (O N O and O N N) Derived from Salicylaldehyde: An Analysis of Their Potential Anticancer Activity. ChemMedChem 2022; 17:e202200367. [PMID: 36068174 PMCID: PMC9826236 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202200367] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Although it is known that the first case of cancer was recorded in ancient Egypt around 1600 BC, it was not until 1917 during the First World War and the development of mustard gas that chemotherapy against cancer became relevant; however, its properties were not recognised until 1946 to later be used in patients. In this sense, the use of metallopharmaceuticals in cancer therapy was extensively explored until the 1960s with the discovery of cisplatin and its anticancer activity. From that date to the present, the search for more effective, more selective metallodrugs with fewer side effects has been an area of continuous exploration. Efforts have led to considering a wide variety of metals from the periodic table, mainly from the d-block, as well as a wide variety of organic ligands, preferably with proven biological activity. In this sense, various research groups have found an ideal binder in Schiff bases, since their raw materials are easily accessible, their synthesis conditions are friendly and their denticity can be manipulated. Therefore, in this review, we have explored the anticancer and antitumor activity reported in the literature for coordination complexes of d-block metals coordinated with tridentate Schiff bases (O N O and O N N) derived from salicylaldehyde. For this work, we have used the main scientific databases CCDC® and SciFinder®.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis A. Alfonso‐Herrera
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
- Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León Facultad de Ingeniería Civil Departamento de Ecomateriales y Energía Av. Universidad S/N Ciudad Universitaria64455San Nicolás de los GarzaNuevo LeónMéxico
| | - Sharon Rosete‐Luna
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
| | - Delia Hernández‐Romero
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
| | - José M. Rivera‐Villanueva
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
| | - José L. Olivares‐Romero
- Instituto de Ecología A.C. Red de Estudios Moleculares AvanzadosClúster Científico y Tecnológico BioMimic® Carretera Antigua a Coatepec, No. 35191070Xalapa, VeracruzMéxico
| | - J. Antonio Cruz‐Navarro
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de HidalgoÁrea Académica de Química Km 4.5 Carretera Pachuca-Tulancingo42184, Mineral de la ReformaHidalgoMéxico
| | - Anell Soto‐Contreras
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
- Universidad VeracruzanaFacultad de Ciencias Biológicas y Agropecuarias Km 177 Camino Peñuela-Amatlán S/N94500, Peñuela, Amatlán de los ReyesVeracruzMéxico
| | - Antonino Arenaza‐Corona
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química, Circuito Exterior S/N04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - David Morales‐Morales
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México Instituto de Química, Circuito Exterior S/N04510Ciudad de MéxicoMéxico
| | - Raúl Colorado‐Peralta
- Universidad Veracruzana Facultad de Ciencias QuímicasProlongación de Oriente 6, No. 100994340, OrizabaVeracruzMéxico
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6
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Eraslan-Elma P, Akdemir A, Berrino E, Bozdağ M, Supuran CT, Karalı N. New 1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-thiosemicarbazones with 3-sulfamoylphenyl moiety as selective carbonic anhydrase inhibitors. Arch Pharm (Weinheim) 2022; 355:e2200023. [PMID: 35500156 DOI: 10.1002/ardp.202200023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
1-Methyl/ethyl/benzyl-5-(un)substituted 1H-indole-2,3-diones (2, 3, and 4) were synthesized by reaction of 5-(un)substituted 1H-indole-2,3-diones (1) with methyl iodide, ethyl chloride, and benzyl bromide. (3-Sulfamoylphenyl)isothiocyanate (6) was obtained by the treatment of 3-aminobenzenesulfonamide (5) with thiophosgene. Compound 6 was reacted with hydrazine to yield 4-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)thiosemicarbazide (7). Novel 1-(un)substituted/methyl/ethyl/benzyl-5-(un)substituted 1H-indole-2,3-dione 3-[4-(3-sulfamoylphenyl)thiosemicarbazone] derivatives (8-11) were prepared by condensation of 7 and 1-4. The structures of the synthesized compounds were confirmed by elemental analysis and spectral data. Inhibition of the widely distributed cytosolic off-targets human carbonic anhydrases (hCAs) I and II, and two tumor-associated membrane-bound isoforms (hCAs IX and XII), by 8-11 was investigated. The hCA II inhibitory effects of all tested compounds were in the subnanomolar to low nanomolar levels (Ki = 0.32-83.3 nM), and generally high selectivity for hCA II isoenzyme over hCA I, IX, and XII isoenzymes was observed. The strongest inhibitors of hCA II, 1-benzyl-5-(trifluoromethoxy)-substituted 11c (Ki = 0.32 nM) and 1-ethyl-5-chloro-substituted 10e (Ki = 0.35 nM), were docked within the enzyme active site. Molecular modeling studies with the most effective hCA IX and XII inhibitors were also carried out.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Atilla Akdemir
- Computer-Aided Drug Discovery Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Bezmialem Vakif University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Emanuela Berrino
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Murat Bozdağ
- Department of Pharmaceutical Science, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Claudiu T Supuran
- Neurofarba Department, Section of Pharmaceutical and Nutriceutical Sciences, Università Degli Studi di Firenze, Florence, Italy
| | - Nilgün Karalı
- Health Sciences Institute, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey
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Awasthi BP, Chaudhary P, Guragain D, Jee JG, Kim JA, Jeong BS. Synthesis and anti-hepatocellular carcinoma activity of aminopyridinol-sorafenib hybrids. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2021; 36:1884-1897. [PMID: 34340602 PMCID: PMC8344761 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2021.1953997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sorafenib is recommended as the primary therapeutic drug for patients with hepatocellular carcinoma. To discover a new compound that avoids low response rates and toxic side effects that occur in sorafenib therapy, we designed and synthesized new hybrid compounds of sorafenib and 2,4,5-trimethylpyridin-3-ols. Compound 6 was selected as the best of 24 hybrids that inhibit each of the four Raf kinases. The anti-proliferative activity of 6 in HepG2, Hep3B, and Huh7 cell lines was slightly lower than that of sorafenib. However, in H6c7 and CCD841 normal epithelial cell lines, the cytotoxicity of 6 was much lower than that of sorafenib. In addition, similar to sorafenib, compound 6 inhibited spheroid forming ability of Hep3B cells in vitro and tumour growth in a xenograft tumour model of the chick chorioallantoic membrane implanted with Huh7 cells. Compound 6 may be a promising candidate targeting hepatocellular carcinoma with low toxic side effects on normal cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Prakash Chaudhary
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Diwakar Guragain
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jun-Goo Jee
- College of Pharmacy, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Ae Kim
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byeong-Seon Jeong
- College of Pharmacy, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan, Republic of Korea
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8
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Villarini M, Acito M, di Vito R, Vannini S, Dominici L, Fatigoni C, Pagiotti R, Moretti M. Pro-Apoptotic Activity of Artichoke Leaf Extracts in Human HT-29 and RKO Colon Cancer Cells. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2021; 18:ijerph18084166. [PMID: 33920761 PMCID: PMC8071198 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Revised: 04/10/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
(1) Background: Cynara cardunculus L. subsp. scolymus (L.) Hegi, popularly known as artichoke, is an herbaceous plant belonging to the Asteraceae family. Artichoke leaf extracts (ALEs) have been widely used in traditional medicine because of their hepatoprotective, cholagogic, hypoglycaemic, hypolipemic and antibacterial properties. ALEs are also recognized for their antioxidative and anti-inflammatory activities. In this study, we evaluated the cytotoxic, genotoxic, and apoptotic activities, as well as effect on cell growth of ALEs on human colon cancer HT-29 and RKO cells. HT-29 and RKO cells exhibit a different p53 status: RKO cells express the wild-type protein, whereas HT-29 cells express a p53-R273H contact mutant. (2) Methods: Four different ALEs were obtained by sequential extraction of dried artichoke leaves; ALEs were characterized for their content in chlorogenic acid, cynaropicrin, and caffeoylquinic acids. HT-29 and RKO cells were used for in vitro testing (i.e., cytotoxicity and genotoxicity assessment, cell cycle analysis, apoptosis induction). (3) Results: Two out of the four tested ALEs showed marked effects on cell vitality toward HT-29 and RKO tumour cells. The effect was accompanied by a genotoxic activity exerted at a non-cytotoxic concentrations, by a significant perturbation of cell cycle (i.e., with increase of cells in the sub-G1 phase), and by the induction of apoptosis. (4) Conclusions: ALEs rich in cynaropicrin, caffeoylquinic acids, and chlorogenic acid showed to be capable of affecting HT-29 and RKO colon cancer cells by inducing favourable biological effects: cell cycle perturbation, activation of mitochondrial dependent pathway of apoptosis, and the induction of genotoxic effects probably mediated by the induction of apoptosis. Taken together, these results weigh in favour of a potential cancer chemotherapeutic activity of ALEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milena Villarini
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Mattia Acito
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Raffaella di Vito
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Samuele Vannini
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Luca Dominici
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Cristina Fatigoni
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
| | - Rita Pagiotti
- Unit of Plant Biology, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Massimo Moretti
- Unit of Public Health, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Perugia, via del Giochetto, 06122 Perugia, Italy; (M.V.); (M.A.); (R.d.V.); (S.V.); (L.D.); (C.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-075-5857420
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Rabuffetti M, Rinaldi F, Lo Bianco A, Speranza G, Ubiali D, de Moraes MC, Rodrigues Pereira da Silva LC, Massolini G, Calleri E, Lavecchia A. Discovery of a Novel Inhibitor of Human Purine Nucleoside Phosphorylase by a Simple Hydrophilic Interaction Liquid Chromatography Enzymatic Assay. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:1325-1334. [PMID: 33405358 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202000874] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Human purine nucleoside phosphorylase (HsPNP) belongs to the purine salvage pathway of nucleic acids. Genetic deficiency of this enzyme triggers apoptosis of activated T-cells due to the accumulation of deoxyguanosine triphosphate (dGTP). Therefore, potential chemotherapeutic applications of human PNP inhibitors include the treatment of T-cell leukemia, autoimmune diseases and transplant tissue rejection. In this report, we present the discovery of novel HsPNP inhibitors by coupling experimental and computational tools. A simple, inexpensive, direct and non-radioactive enzymatic assay coupled to hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography and UV detection (LC-UV using HILIC as elution mode) was developed for screening HsPNP inhibitors. Enzymatic activity was assessed by monitoring the phosphorolysis of inosine (Ino) to hypoxanthine (Hpx) by LC-UV. A small library of 6- and 8-substituted nucleosides was synthesized and screened. The inhibition potency of the most promising compound, 8-aminoinosine (4), was quantified through Ki and IC50 determinations. The effect of HsPNP inhibition was also evaluated in vitro through the study of cytotoxicity on human T-cell leukemia cells (CCRF-CEM). Docking studies were also carried out for the most potent compound, allowing further insights into the inhibitor interaction at the HsPNP active site. This study provides both new tools and a new lead for developing novel HsPNP inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Rabuffetti
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 21, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Francesca Rinaldi
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Lo Bianco
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
| | - Giovanna Speranza
- Department of Chemistry, University of Milan, Via Golgi 21, 20133, Milan, Italy
| | - Daniela Ubiali
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Marcela Cristina de Moraes
- Departamento de Química Orgânica, Instituto de Química, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Niterói, RJ 24210-141, Brazil
| | | | - Gabriella Massolini
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Enrica Calleri
- Department of Drug Sciences, University of Pavia, Viale Taramelli 12, 27100, Pavia, Italy
| | - Antonio Lavecchia
- Department of Pharmacy, "Drug Discovery" Laboratory, University of Napoli Federico II, Via D. Montesano 49, 80131, Napoli, Italy
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10
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Wang W, Zhang R, Wang J, Tang J, Wang M, Kuang Y. Antitumour Activity of Muricatacin Isomers and its Derivatives in Human Colorectal Carcinoma Cell HCT116. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2021; 20:254-263. [PMID: 31729294 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666191115111032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2019] [Revised: 10/15/2019] [Accepted: 10/22/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Colorectal cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer-related death in elderly people. The natural product muricatacin is an important member of the γ-lactone family, and it has exhibited antitumour activity in multiple cancer cell lines; however, the antitumour activities of muricatacin stereoisomers and their derivatives in colorectal cancer cells have not yet been systematically explored. METHODS The colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 was investigated in this study. Cell proliferation was assessed by MTT assay or crystal violet staining. Cell cycle arrest and cell apoptosis were evaluated by flow cytometry assay. The expression levels of p53, p21, cyclin E, cyclin D1, caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3, caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9 and LC3B were measured using western blot analysis. Autophagy induced by M2 was monitored by immunofluorescence assay with an antibody against LC3B. RESULTS Cell proliferation assays showed that both naturally occurring muricatacin (M4) and its synthetic stereoisomer (M2) are potent cell growth inhibitors in HCT116 cells, with IC50 values of 79.43 and 83.17μM, respectively; these values are much lower than those of the other two isomers, M1 and M3, and those of the sixmembered lactone analogues. The flow cytometry analysis revealed that M2 and M4 induced significant cell cycle arrest during G0/G1 phase and caused relatively low apoptosis rates in HCT116 cells. Further analysis indicated that M2 caused p53-independent p21 induction and cyclin E/cyclin D1 downregulation. In addition, M2 also markedly induced autophagy in the early stage of administration. CONCLUSION Our results suggested that muricatacins possess potent antitumour activity against the colorectal carcinoma cell line HCT116 through inducing G0/G1 phase cell cycle arrest and autophagy in the early stage of administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wencong Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jinxing Wang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Jun Tang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Mingan Wang
- Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
| | - Yu Kuang
- Department of Basic Veterinary Medicine, College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing, 100193, China
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11
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Katukam V, Rupula K, Rao Beedu S. Synthesis and characterisation of novel biopolymer stabilised organic Pt-nanocomposite: assessment of its antioxidant and antitumour properties. IET Nanobiotechnol 2020; 14:889-898. [PMID: 33399123 PMCID: PMC8676258 DOI: 10.1049/iet-nbt.2020.0069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Green synthesis of organic Pt-nanocomposite was accomplished using carboplatin as a precursor and novel biopolymer - gum kondagogu (GK) as a reducing agent. The synthesised GK stabilised organic Pt-nanocomposite (GKCPt NC) was characterised by different analytical techniques such as ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy, nanoparticle analyser, scanning electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analysis, X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrophotometer. The XRD pattern established the amorphous nature of GKCPt NC. TEM analysis revealed the homogeneous, monodisperse and spherical nature, with Pt metal size of 3.08 ± 0.62 nm. The binding energy at 71.2 and 74.6 eV show the presence of metallic platinum, Pt(0) confirmed by XPS studies. Further, in vitro radical scavenging and antitumour activity of GKCPt NC have been investigated. In comparison to GK and carboplatin, GKCPt NC showed superior 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyle activity of 87.82%, whereas 2, 2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzthinzoline-6-sulphonic acid) activity was 38.50%, respectively. In vitro studies of the antitumour property of GK, GKCPt NC and carboplatin were evaluated by potato disc tumour bioassay model. The efficacy of synthesised GKCPt NC concentration (IC50) on tumour inhibition was found to be 2.04-fold lower as compared to carboplatin. Overall, the synthesised GKCPt NC shows both antitumour and antioxidant properties when compared to the original drug - carboplatin and might have promising applications in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vani Katukam
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Karuna Rupula
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India
| | - Sashidhar Rao Beedu
- Department of Biochemistry, University College of Science, Osmania University, Hyderabad 500 007, Telangana State, India.
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12
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Mohamed ISE, Sen'kova AV, Nadyrova AI, Savin IA, Markov AV, Mitkevich VA, Makarov AA, Ilinskaya ON, Mironova NL, Zenkova MA. Antitumour Activity of the Ribonuclease Binase from Bacillus pumilus in the RLS 40 Tumour Model Is Associated with the Reorganisation of the miRNA Network and Reversion of Cancer-Related Cascades to Normal Functioning. Biomolecules 2020; 10:E1509. [PMID: 33147876 DOI: 10.3390/biom10111509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/30/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The important role of miRNA in cell proliferation and differentiation has raised interest in exogenous ribonucleases (RNases) as tools to control tumour-associated intracellular and extracellular miRNAs. In this work, we evaluated the effects of the RNase binase from Bacillus pumilus on small non-coding regulatory RNAs in the context of mouse RLS40 lymphosarcoma inhibition. In vitro binase exhibited cytotoxicity towards RLS40 cells via apoptosis induction through caspase-3/caspase-7 activation and decreased the levels of miR-21a, let-7g, miR-31 and miR-155. Intraperitoneal injections of binase in RLS40-bearing mice resulted in the retardation of primary tumour growth by up to 60% and inhibition of metastasis in the liver by up to 86%, with a decrease in reactive inflammatory infiltration and mitosis in tumour tissue. In the blood serum of binase-treated mice, decreases in the levels of most studied miRNAs were observed, excluding let-7g, while in tumour tissue, the levels of oncomirs miR-21, miR-10b, miR-31 and miR-155, and the oncosuppressor let-7g, were upregulated. Analysis of binase-susceptible miRNAs and their regulatory networks showed that the main modulated events were transcription and translation control, the cell cycle, cell proliferation, adhesion and invasion, apoptosis and autophagy, as well as some other tumour-related cascades, with an impact on the observed antitumour effects.
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13
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Popiołek Ł, Gawrońska-Grzywacz M, Berecka-Rycerz A, Paruch K, Piątkowska-Chmiel I, Natorska-Chomicka D, Herbet M, Gumieniczek A, Dudka J, Wujec M. New benzenesulphonohydrazide derivatives as potential antitumour agents. Oncol Lett 2020; 20:136. [PMID: 32934704 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2020.12047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 06/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment remains a serious challenge worldwide. Thus, finding novel antitumour agents is of great importance. In the present study, nine new benzenesulphonohydrazide derivatives (1-9) were synthesized, and the chemical structures of the obtained compounds were confirmed by spectral analysis methods, including IR, 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) and 13C NMR. Experimental lipophilicity values were established using reversed phase-high performance thin layer chromatography. The antiproliferative activity of the synthesized compounds was tested against three tumour cell lines (769-P, HepG2 and NCI-H2170) and one normal cell line (Vero). Among the newly developed molecules, compound 4 exhibited generally the highest cytotoxicity across all tumour cell lines, and it was highly selective. However, higher selectivity towards the tested cancer cell lines was observed using compound 2, when compared with compound 4, which also exhibited significant antiproliferative activity against these tumour cells. In 769-P cells, compounds 5 and 6 were the most selective among all tested compounds. Compound 5 exhibited high cytotoxicity with an estimated IC50 value of 1.94 µM. In the NCI-H2170 cell line, compound 7 was the most cytotoxic and the most selective. In brief, the combination of fluorine and bromine substituents at the phenyl ring showed the most promising results, exerting high cytotoxicity and selectivity towards cancer cells. The renal adenocarcinoma cell line (769-P) appeared to be the most sensitive to the anticancer properties of the novel benzenesulphonohydrazones.
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Affiliation(s)
- Łukasz Popiołek
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | | | - Anna Berecka-Rycerz
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Kinga Paruch
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
| | - Iwona Piątkowska-Chmiel
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Dorota Natorska-Chomicka
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Anna Gumieniczek
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jarosław Dudka
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
| | - Monika Wujec
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, 20-093 Lublin, Poland
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14
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Gano L, Pinheiro T, Matos AP, Tortosa F, Jorge TF, Gonçalves MS, Martins M, Morais TS, Valente A, Tomaz AI, Garcia MH, Marques F. Antitumour and Toxicity Evaluation of a Ru(II)-Cyclopentadienyl Complex in a Prostate Cancer Model by Imaging Tools. Anticancer Agents Med Chem 2020; 19:1262-1275. [PMID: 30887931 DOI: 10.2174/1871520619666190318152726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2018] [Revised: 07/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/06/2019] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ruthenium complexes have been extensively investigated for their prospective value as alternatives to cisplatin. Recently, we reported the in vitro anticancer properties of a family of organometallic ruthenium( II)-cyclopentadienyl complexes and have explored their mechanism of action. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to evaluate the in vivo antitumour efficacy and toxicity of one of these Ru(II) compounds, [RuCp(mTPPMSNa)(2,2'-bipy)][CF3SO2] (TM85) which displayed an interesting spectrum of activity against several cancer cells. METHODS Studies to assess the antitumour activity and toxicity were performed in a metastatic prostate (PC3) mice model using ICP-MS, nuclear microscopy, elemental analysis and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM). RESULTS TM85 showed low systemic toxicity but no significant tumour reduction, when administered at tolerated dose (20mg/kg) over 10 days. Ru was mainly retained in the liver and less in kidneys, with low accumulation in tumour. Increased bilirubin levels, anomalous Ca and Fe concentrations in liver and mitochondria alterations were indicative of liver injury. The hepatotoxicity observed was less severe than that of cisplatin and no nephrotoxicity was found. CONCLUSION Under the experimental conditions of this study, TM85 is less toxic than cisplatin, induces similar tumour reduction and avoids the formation of metastatic foci. No renal toxicity was observed by the analysis of creatinine levels and the effective renal plasma flow by 99mTc-MAG3 clearance. Hence, it can be considered a valuable compound for further studies in the field of Ru-based anticancer drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lurdes Gano
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Teresa Pinheiro
- Departamento de Engenharia e Ciencias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - António P Matos
- Centro de Investigacao Interdisciplinar Egas Moniz, Campus Universitario, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Francisco Tortosa
- Instituto de Anatomia Patologica, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal.,Departamento de Medicina, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona (UAB), Barcelona, Spain
| | - Tiago F Jorge
- Centro de Química e Bioquímica, Faculdade de Ciências, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal.,Laboratório de Metabolómica de Plantas, Instituto de Tecnologia Química e Biológica António Xavier, Universidade Nova de Lisboa (ITQB NOVA), Av. da República, 2780-157 Oeiras, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria S Gonçalves
- Faculdade de Medicina Veterinaria, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. da Universidade Tecnica, Polo Universitario da Ajuda 1300-477 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Marta Martins
- Instituto de Medicina Molecular-Joao Lobo Antunes, Faculdade de Medicina, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Egas Moniz, 1649-028 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tânia S Morais
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Andreia Valente
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ana I Tomaz
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Maria H Garcia
- Centro de Quimica Estrutural, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade de Lisboa, Campo Grande, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Fernanda Marques
- Centro de Ciencias e Tecnologias Nucleares, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Estrada Nacional 10, km 139.7, 2695-066 Bobadela LRS, Lisboa, Portugal
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15
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Cotas J, Marques V, Afonso MB, Rodrigues CMP, Pereira L. Antitumour Potential of Gigartina pistillata Carrageenans against Colorectal Cancer Stem Cell-Enriched Tumourspheres. Mar Drugs 2020; 18:E50. [PMID: 31940929 PMCID: PMC7024308 DOI: 10.3390/md18010050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Gigartina pistillata is a red seaweed common in Figueira da Foz, Portugal. Here, the antitumour potential of G. pistillata carrageenan, with a known variable of the life cycle, the female gametophyte (FG) and tetrasporophyte (T) was evaluated against colorectal cancer stem cell (CSC) -enriched tumourspheres. FTIR-ATR analysis of G. pistillata carrageenan extracts indicated differences between life cycle phases, being FG a κ/ι hybrid carrageenan and T a ʎ/ξ hybrid. Both carrageenan extracts presented IC50 values inferior to 1 μg/mL in HT29-derived CSC-enriched tumourspheres, as well as reduced tumoursphere area. The two extracts were also effective at reducing cellular viability in SW620- and SW480-derived tumourspheres. These results indicate that carrageenans extracted from two G. pistillata life cycle phases have antitumour potential against colorectal cancer stem-like cells, specially the T carrageenan.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Cotas
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
| | - Vanda Marques
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Marta B. Afonso
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Cecília M. P. Rodrigues
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.ULisboa), Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; (V.M.); (M.B.A.); (C.M.P.R.)
| | - Leonel Pereira
- MARE—Marine and Environmental Sciences Centre, Faculty of Science and Technology, University of Coimbra, 3001-456 Coimbra, Portugal;
- Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, 3000-456 Coimbra, Portugal
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16
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Ahmed HEA, El-Nassag MAA, Hassan AH, Okasha RM, Ihmaid S, Fouda AM, Afifi TH, Aljuhani A, El-Agrody AM. Introducing novel potent anticancer agents of 1H-benzo[f]chromene scaffolds, targeting c-Src kinase enzyme with MDA-MB-231 cell line anti-invasion effect. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:1074-1088. [PMID: 29923425 PMCID: PMC6022228 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1476503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
In our effort to develop novel and powerful agents with anti-proliferative activity, two new series of 1H-benzo[f]chromene derivatives, 4a–h and 6a–h, were synthesised using heterocyclocondensation methodologies under microwave irradiation condition. The structures of the target compounds were established on the basis of their spectral data, IR, 1H NMR, 13 C NMR, 13 C NMR-DEPT/APT, and MS data. The new compounds have been examined for their anti-proliferative activity against three cancer cell lines, MCF-7, HCT-116, and HepG-2. Vinblastine and Doxorubicin have been used as positive controls in the viability assay. The obtained results confirmed that most of the tested molecules revealed strong and selective cytotoxic activity against the three cancer cell lines. Moreover, these molecules exhibited weak cytotoxicity on the HFL-1 line, which suggested that they might be ideal anticancer candidates. The SAR study of the new benzochromene compounds verified that the substituents on the phenyl ring of 1H-benzo[f]chromene nucleus, accompanied with the presence of bromine atom or methoxy group at the 8-position, increases the ability of these molecules against the different cell lines. Due to their high anti-proliferative activity, compounds 4c and 6e were selected to be examined their proficiency to inhibit the invasiveness of the highly sensitive and invasive breast cancer cell line, MDA-MB-231. The anti-invasion behaviour of these molecules against the highly sensitive, non-oestrogen, and progesterone MDA-MB-231 cell line gave rise to their decreasing metastatic effect compared to the reference drug. Furthermore, this report explores the apoptotic mechanistic pathway of the cytotoxicity of the target compounds and reveals that most of these compounds enhance the Caspase 3/7 activity that could be considered as potential anticancer agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany E A Ahmed
- a Department of Pharmacy College, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia.,b Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry Department, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Mohammed A A El-Nassag
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed H Hassan
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt.,d Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Jazan University , Jazan , Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawda M Okasha
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Saleh Ihmaid
- a Department of Pharmacy College, Pharmacognosy and Pharmaceutical Chemistry , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M Fouda
- f Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , King Khalid University , Abha , Saudi Arabia
| | - Tarek H Afifi
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ateyatallah Aljuhani
- e Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Taibah University , Al-Madinah Al-Munawarah , Saudi Arabia
| | - Ahmed M El-Agrody
- c Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
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17
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El-Husseiny WM, El-Sayed MAA, Abdel-Aziz NI, El-Azab AS, Ahmed ER, Abdel-Aziz AAM. Synthesis, antitumour and antioxidant activities of novel α,β-unsaturated ketones and related heterocyclic analogues: EGFR inhibition and molecular modelling study. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2018; 33:507-518. [PMID: 29455554 PMCID: PMC6010098 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2018.1434519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
New α,β-unsaturated ketones 4a,b; 5a-c; and 6a,b; as well as 4-H pyran 7; pyrazoline 8a,b; isoxazoline 9; pyridine 10-11; and quinoline-4-carboxylic acid 12a,b derivatives were synthesized and evaluated for in vitro antitumour activity against HepG2, MCF-7, HeLa, and PC-3 cancer cell lines. Antioxidant activity was investigated by the ability of these compounds to scavenge the 2,2'-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) radical cation (ABTS•+). Compounds 6a, 6b, 7, and 8b exhibited potent antitumour activities against all tested cell lines with [IC50] ≅5.5-18.1 µΜ), in addition to significantly high ABTS•+ scavenging activities. In vitro EGFR kinase assay for 6a, 6b, 7, and 8b as the most potent antitumour compounds showed that; compounds 6b, and 7 exhibited worthy EGFR inhibition activity with IC50 values of 0.56 and 1.6 µM, respectively, while compounds 6a and 8b showed good inhibition activity with IC50 values of 4.66 and 2.16 µM, respectively, compared with sorafenib reference drug (IC50 = 1.28 µM). Molecular modelling studies for compounds 6b, 7, and 8b were conducted to exhibit the binding mode towards EGFR kinase, which showed similar interaction with erlotinib.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walaa M El-Husseiny
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Magda A-A El-Sayed
- a Department of Pharmaceutical Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,b Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Horus University , New Damietta , Egypt
| | - Naglaa I Abdel-Aziz
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt
| | - Adel S El-Azab
- d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia.,e Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Al-Azhar University , Cairo , Egypt
| | - Esam R Ahmed
- f Confirmatory Diagnostic Unit , Vacsera , Giza , Egypt
| | - Alaa A-M Abdel-Aziz
- c Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy , Mansoura University , Mansoura , Egypt.,d Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Pharmacy , King Saud University , Riyadh , Saudi Arabia
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18
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Diamantopoulou Z, Gilles ME, Sader M, Cossutta M, Vallée B, Houppe C, Habert D, Brissault B, Leroy E, Maione F, Giraudo E, Destouches D, Penelle J, Courty J, Cascone I. Multivalent cationic pseudopeptide polyplexes as a tool for cancer therapy. Oncotarget 2017; 8:90108-90122. [PMID: 29163814 PMCID: PMC5685735 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.21441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, a novel anticancer reagent based on polyplexes nanoparticles was developed. These nanoparticles are obtained by mixing negatively charged polyelectrolytes with the antitumour cationically-charged pseudopeptide N6L. Using two in vivo experimental tumor pancreatic models based upon PANC-1 and mPDAC cells, we found that the antitumour activity of N6L is significantly raised via its incorporation in polyplexed nanoparticles. Study of the mechanism of action using affinity isolation and si-RNA experiments indicated that N6L-polyplexes are internalized through their interaction with nucleolin. In addition, using a very aggressive model of pancreatic cancer in which gemcitabine, a standard of care for this type of cancer, has a weak effect on tumour growth, we observed that N6L-polyplexes administration has a stronger efficacy than gemcitabine. Biodistribution studies carried out in tumour-bearing mice indicated that N6L-polyplexes localises in tumour tissue, in agreement with its antitumour effect. These results support the idea that N6L nanoparticles could develop into a promising strategy for the treatment of cancer, especially hard-to-treat pancreatic cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zoi Diamantopoulou
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maud-Emmanuelle Gilles
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Maha Sader
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Mélissande Cossutta
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Benoit Vallée
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Claire Houppe
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Damien Habert
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Blandine Brissault
- East Paris Institute of Chemistry and Materials Science, CNRS & University Paris-Est, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Eric Leroy
- East Paris Institute of Chemistry and Materials Science, CNRS & University Paris-Est, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - Federica Maione
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino School of Medicine, I-10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Enrico Giraudo
- Department of Oncological Sciences and Laboratory of Transgenic Mouse Models, Institute for Cancer Research and Treatment, University of Torino School of Medicine, I-10060 Candiolo, Torino, Italy
| | - Damien Destouches
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Jacques Penelle
- East Paris Institute of Chemistry and Materials Science, CNRS & University Paris-Est, 94320 Thiais, France
| | - José Courty
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
| | - Ilaria Cascone
- Laboratory of Growth, Reparation and Tissue Regeneration (CRRET), University of Paris Est, ERL-CNRS 9215, 94010 Créteil, France
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19
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Cai E, Guo S, Yang L, Han M, Xia J, Zhao Y, Gao X, Wang Y. Synthesis and antitumour activity of arctigenin amino acid ester derivatives against H22 hepatocellular carcinoma. Nat Prod Res 2017; 32:406-411. [PMID: 28415847 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2017.1314279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Arctigenin (ARG) is famous in its abundant pharmacological activity. However, many researches in it entered the bottleneck period because of its poor water solubility. The derivatives of ARG have been synthesised with five amino acids which have t-Butyloxy carbonyl (BOC) as a protective group. We examined the effects of removing BOC. The results showed that the amino acid derivatives without protective group have better water solubility and nitrite-clearing ability than ARG. Based on these results, ARG6' and ARG9' were selected at a dosage of 40 mg/kg to evaluate their antitumour activity. The percentage inhibition rate of ARG6' and ARG9' were 55.87 and 51.40, respectively, which was twice as much as ARG. Furthermore, they could increase liver and kidney indexes and produce less damage in these organs. In brief, this study provides a basis for new drug development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enbo Cai
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Shijie Guo
- b Department of Neonatology , The First Hospital of Jilin University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Limin Yang
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Mei Han
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Jing Xia
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Yan Zhao
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Xiaorui Gao
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
| | - Yu Wang
- a College of Chinese Medicinal Material, Jilin Agricultural University , Changchun Jilin province , China
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20
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Abstract
Two new lignans, (Z)-14-bis(3',4'-dimethoxyphenyl)-2,3-dimethylbut-2-ene-1,4-dione (1), threo-2-methyl-3-oxo-1-(3',4',5'-trimethoxyphenyl)butyl-3″,4″-dimethoxybenzoate (2), together with 15 known derivatives (3-17) were isolated from Saururus chinensis. Their structures were determined on the basis of spectral data, including 1D and 2D NMR experiments and HREIMS spectra. The antitumour activity was screened by MTT assay, compounds 1, 2, 3, 5, 9-11 and 13-15 showed no cytotoxic activity against HL-60, SMMC-7721, A549, MCF-7 and SW480 cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cuibai Li
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , P.R. China.,b Department of medical , Dehong Vocational College , Dehong , P.R. China
| | - Ningxin Li
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , P.R. China.,c College of life sciences , University of Chinese Academy of Sciences , Beijing , P.R. China
| | - Jiarui Yue
- b Department of medical , Dehong Vocational College , Dehong , P.R. China
| | - Qishi Song
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , P.R. China
| | - Qingfei Fan
- a Key Laboratory of Tropical Plant Resources and Sustainable Use, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden , Chinese Academy of Sciences , Kunming , P.R. China
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Tommonaro G, Pejin B, Iodice C, Tafuto A, De Rosa S. Further in vitro biological activity evaluation of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2015; 31:684-6. [PMID: 26114310 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2015.1057724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The acetylcholinesterase inhibitory and/or antitumour activities of amino-, thio- and ester-derivatives of avarol selected were evaluated for the first time at in vitro conditions. Avarol-3',4'-dithioglycol (1) and avarol-4'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (3) were shown to be the best inhibitors of the enzyme tested (0.50 µg and IC50 0.05 mM and 0.50 µg and IC50 0.12 mM, respectively), while 4'-tryptamine-avarone (9) and avarol-3'-(3)mercaptopropionic acid (2) exhibited the highest cytotoxicity against the human breast T-47D cancer cell line (IC50 0.66 µg/mL and 1.25 µg/mL, respectively). According to experimental data obtained, the sesquiterpenoid hydroquinone structure of bioactive avarol derivatives may inspire development of new pharmacologically useful substances to be used in the treatment of Alzheimer's disease and/or human breast tumour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppina Tommonaro
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR-ICB , Pozzuoli-Naples , Italy and
| | - Boris Pejin
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR-ICB , Pozzuoli-Naples , Italy and.,b Department of Life Sciences , Institute for Multidisciplinary Research - IMSI, University of Belgrade , Belgrade , Serbia
| | - Carmine Iodice
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR-ICB , Pozzuoli-Naples , Italy and
| | - Antonietta Tafuto
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR-ICB , Pozzuoli-Naples , Italy and
| | - Salvatore De Rosa
- a National Research Council of Italy, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, CNR-ICB , Pozzuoli-Naples , Italy and
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Lu FT, Ma DC, Yan W, Guo J, Bai LH. Antitumour activity of 3-nitropropionic acid from Phomopsis sp. and optimization of fermentation conditions. Lett Appl Microbiol 2015; 61:165-70. [PMID: 25963711 DOI: 10.1111/lam.12437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2014] [Revised: 04/19/2015] [Accepted: 05/04/2015] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED In this study, 3-nitropropionic acid (3-NPA) was separated and purified from endophytic fungi belonging to Phomopsis sp. and its cytotoxicity was determined by MTT assay. Treatment with 3-NPA for 24 h resulted in a dose-dependent apoptosis in MCF-7 cells. Through quantitative detection of the genes that are closely related to the Bcl-2 signalling pathway, there was an increased expression of p53 and Bax and a decreased expression of Bcl-2, which indicated apoptosis in these cells. Meanwhile, the overexpression of PARA (poly ADP-ribose polymerase) and apoptosis inducing factor (AIF) also suggested that 3-NPA induced cellular apoptosis through a caspase-3-independent pathway in caspase-3-deficient MCF-7 cells. The fermentation condition was also improved to produce more 3-NPA: glucose as a carbon source and yeast extract as a nitrogen source, fermentation for 8 days at 32°C and a solution environment of pH 5·0. Under these conditions, the yield of 3-NPA was increased to 529 mg l(-1) compared with 410 mg l(-1) under traditional fermentation conditions. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY 3-Nitropropionic acid is a mitochondrial inhibitor and has some useful bioactivities such as antibacterial activity. In this paper we found that 3-NPA also has obvious cytotoxicity, so we studied its antitumour activity and tried to determine the antitumour molecular mechanism, opening a new perspective for potential antitumour prodrug development. As 3-NPA is often obtained from natural products with a low yield, in order to overcome the disadvantage of an endophytic fungi source of 3-NPA, we optimized the fermentation conditions for 3-NPA in Phomopsis sp. to obtain the maximum production of 3-NPA.
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Affiliation(s)
- F T Lu
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - D C Ma
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - W Yan
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - J Guo
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
| | - L H Bai
- Animal Disease Prevention and Food Safety Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Bio-Resources and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education, College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan, China
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Abstract
Two new eudesmane-type glucopyranosides have been isolated from the fruits of Daucus carota L. On the basis of their spectroscopic and chemical evidence, the new compounds were elucidated as daucucarotol-10-O-β-D-glucopyranoside (1) and decahydro-7-[(2-O-β-D-glucopyranosyl)-isopropyl]-1β,4aα-dimethyl-(1α,4α,8aβ)-naphthalenetriol (2). Compounds 1 and 2 showed moderate antitumour activity against human ECA-109 and gave IC50 values of 23.22 and 26.76 μM, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin-Ke Xu
- a Shandong Center for Disease Control and Prevention , Jinan 250014 , P.R. China
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24
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Yi-Lei N, Yun-Dan W, Chuan-Xi W, Ru L, Yang X, Dong-Sheng F, Hong J, Yun-Yang L. Compounds from marine-derived Verrucosispora sp. FIM06054 and their potential antitumour activities. Nat Prod Res 2014; 28:2134-9. [PMID: 24938666 DOI: 10.1080/14786419.2014.926350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Strain FIM06054 was isolated from a marine sponge sample collected from the East China Sea and was characterised as a strain of Verrucosispora genus on the basis of its 16S rRNA gene sequence. One new compound, FW054-1 (1), together with a known aminofuran compound proximicin A (2), was isolated from the culture broth of Verrucosispora sp. FIM06054. Their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectral analysis. 1 and 2 showed antiproliferative activity against several human tumour cell lines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nie Yi-Lei
- a School of Pharmacy, Fujian Medical University , Fuzhou 350004 , P.R. China
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25
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Cortés E, Abonía R, Cobo J, Glidewell C. Octyl 1-(5-tert-butyl-1H-pyrazol-3-yl)-2-(4-chlorophenyl)-1H-benzimidazole-5-carboxylate: complex sheets built from N-H···N, C-H···N and C-H···O hydrogen bonds. Acta Crystallogr C Struct Chem 2014; 70:617-21. [PMID: 24898969 DOI: 10.1107/s2053229614011760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
In the title compound, C29H35ClN4O2, the bond lengths provide evidence for aromatic delocalization in the pyrazole ring but bond fixation in the fused imidazole ring, and the octyl chain is folded, rather than adopting an all-trans chain-extended conformation. A combination of N-H···N, C-H···N and C-H···O hydrogen bonds links the molecules into sheets, in which the hydrogen bonds occupy the central layer with the tert-butyl and octyl groups arranged on either side, such that the closest contacts between adjacent sheets involve only the octyl groups. Comparisons are made with the supramolecular assembly in some simpler analogues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edwar Cortés
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Valle, AA 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Rodrigo Abonía
- Departamento de Química, Universidad de Valle, AA 25360 Cali, Colombia
| | - Justo Cobo
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica y Orgánica, Universidad de Jaén, 23071 Jaén, Spain
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26
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Batey MA, Zhao Y, Kyle S, Richardson C, Slade A, Martin NMB, Lau A, Newell DR, Curtin NJ. Preclinical evaluation of a novel ATM inhibitor, KU59403, in vitro and in vivo in p53 functional and dysfunctional models of human cancer. Mol Cancer Ther 2013; 12:959-67. [PMID: 23512991 PMCID: PMC3736091 DOI: 10.1158/1535-7163.mct-12-0707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 120] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ataxia telangiectasia mutated (ATM) kinase signals DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) to cell-cycle arrest via p53 and DNA repair. ATM-defective cells are sensitive to DSB-inducing agents, making ATM an attractive target for anticancer chemo- and radiosensitization. KU59403 is an ATM inhibitor with the potency, selectivity, and solubility for advanced preclinical evaluation. KU59403 was not cytotoxic to human cancer cell lines (SW620, LoVo, HCT116, and MDA-MB-231) per se but significantly increased the cytotoxicity of topoisomerase I and II poisons: camptothecin, etoposide, and doxorubicin. Chemo- and radiosensitization by ATM inhibition was not p53-dependent. Following administration to mice, KU59403 distributed to tissues and concentrations exceeding those required for in vitro activity were maintained for at least 4 hours in tumor xenografts. KU59403 significantly enhanced the antitumor activity of topoisomerase poisons in mice bearing human colon cancer xenografts (SW620 and HCT116) at doses that were nontoxic alone and well-tolerated in combination. Chemosensitization was both dose- and schedule-dependent. KU59403 represents a major advance in ATM inhibitor development, being the first compound to show good tissue distribution and significant chemosensitization in in vivo models of human cancer, without major toxicity. KU59403 provides the first proof-of-principle preclinical data to support the future clinical development of ATM inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael A Batey
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Yan Zhao
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Suzanne Kyle
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - Caroline Richardson
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, UK
| | - Andrew Slade
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, UK
| | - Niall MB Martin
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, UK
| | - Alan Lau
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, UK
| | - David R Newell
- KuDOS Pharmaceuticals, Ltd., 410 Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Cambridge, CB4 0PE, UK
| | - Nicola J Curtin
- Newcastle University, Newcastle Cancer Centre, Northern Institute for Cancer Research, Medical School, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
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Koval' T, Lipovová P, Podzimek T, Matoušek J, Dušková J, Skálová T, Stěpánková A, Hašek J, Dohnálek J. Plant multifunctional nuclease TBN1 with unexpected phospholipase activity: structural study and reaction-mechanism analysis. Acta Crystallogr D Biol Crystallogr 2013; 69:213-26. [PMID: 23385457 DOI: 10.1107/s0907444912043697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2012] [Accepted: 10/22/2012] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Type I plant nucleases play an important role in apoptotic processes and cell senescence. Recently, they have also been indicated to be potent anticancer agents in in vivo studies. The first structure of tomato nuclease I (TBN1) has been determined, its oligomerization and activity profiles have been analyzed and its unexpected activity towards phospholipids has been discovered, and conclusions are drawn regarding its catalytic mechanism. The structure-solution process required X-ray diffraction data from two crystal forms. The first form was used for phase determination; the second form was used for model building and refinement. TBN1 is mainly α-helical and is stabilized by four disulfide bridges. Three observed oligosaccharides are crucial for its stability and solubility. The active site is localized at the bottom of the positively charged groove and contains a zinc cluster that is essential for enzymatic activity. An equilibrium between monomers, dimers and higher oligomers of TBN1 was observed in solution. Principles of the reaction mechanism of the phosphodiesterase activity are suggested, with central roles for the zinc cluster, the nucleobase-binding pocket (Phe-site) and Asp70, Arg73 and Asn167. Based on the distribution of surface residues, possible binding sites for dsDNA and other nucleic acids with secondary structure were identified. The phospholipase activity of TBN1, which is reported for the first time for a nuclease, significantly broadens the substrate promiscuity of the enzyme, and the resulting release of diacylglycerol, which is an important second messenger, can be related to the role of TBN1 in apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Koval'
- Institute of Macromolecular Chemistry, AS CR, v.v.i., Heyrovskeho nam. 2, 162 06 Praha 6, Czech Republic.
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Liu Y, Xu M, Su Z, Cai Y, Zhang G, Zhang H. Increased T-cell stimulating activity by mutated SEC2 correlates with its improved antitumour potency. Lett Appl Microbiol 2012; 55:362-9. [PMID: 22925007 DOI: 10.1111/j.1472-765x.2012.03303.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To investigate the improved antitumour activity of SAM-3 compared with recombinant staphylococcal enterotoxins C2 (rSEC2). METHODS AND RESULTS Methylthiazol tetrazolium and flow cytometry assays showed that the antitumour activity of SAM-3 in vivo was improved because of enhanced T-cell stimulating potency, resulting in massive activation of T cells, particularly CD4(+) and CD8(+) T cells, and subsequent cytokine release. Quantitative real-time PCR assay showed that despite similar Vβ specificities induced by rSEC2 and SAM-3, the quantities of activated T cells bearing specific Vβin vitro were different. CONCLUSIONS The results strongly suggested that the increased SAM-3-T-cell receptor (TCR) binding affinity contributed to massive T-cell activation and cytokine release, substantially amplifying antitumour immune response in vivo. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT OF THE STUDY This study provided evidence for the mechanism of SAM-3 antitumour activity improvement compared with rSEC2. Results indicated that SAM-3 could be used as a potent powerful candidate agent for tumour treatment in clinics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Liu
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - M Xu
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Z Su
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - Y Cai
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - G Zhang
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
| | - H Zhang
- Microbiology Resources, Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Science, Shenyang, China College of Resource and Environment, Graduate University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Tianjin Institute of Pharmaceutical Research, Tianjin, China
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29
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Koval' T, Lipovová P, Podzimek T, Matoušek J, Dušková J, Skálová T, Stěpánková A, Hašek J, Dohnálek J. Crystallization of recombinant bifunctional nuclease TBN1 from tomato. Acta Crystallogr Sect F Struct Biol Cryst Commun 2011; 67:124-8. [PMID: 21206042 PMCID: PMC3079990 DOI: 10.1107/s1744309110048177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2010] [Accepted: 11/18/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
The endonuclease TBN1 from Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) was expressed in Nicotiana benthamiana leaves and purified with suitable quality and in suitable quantities for crystallization experiments. Two crystal forms (orthorhombic and rhombohedral) were obtained and X-ray diffraction experiments were performed. The presence of natively bound Zn2+ ions was confirmed by X-ray fluorescence and by an absorption-edge scan. X-ray diffraction data were collected from the orthorhombic (resolution of 5.2 Å) and rhombohedral (best resolution of 3.2 Å) crystal forms. SAD, MAD and MR methods were applied for solution of the phase problem, with partial success. TBN1 contains three Zn2+ ions in a similar spatial arrangement to that observed in nuclease P1 from Penicillium citrinum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomáš Koval'
- Institute of Physics AS CR, v.v.i., Na Slovance 2, 182 21 Praha 8, Czech Republic.
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30
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Abstract
Immunotherapy, including the use of cytokines and/or modified tumour cells immune stimulatory cytokines, can enhance the host anti-tumour immune responses. Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a relative novel cytokine, which consists of a heterodimer of the IL-12p40 subunit and a novel p19 subunit. IL-23 has biological activities similar to but distinct from IL-12. IL-23 can enhance the proliferation of memory T cells and the production of IFN-gamma, IL-12 and TNF-alpha from activated T cells. IL-23 activates macrophages to produce TNF-alpha and nitric oxide. IL-23 can also act directly on dendritic cells and possesses potent anti-tumour and anti-metastatic activity in murine models of cancer. IL-23 can also induce a lower level of IFN-gamma production compared with that induced by IL-12. This may make IL-23 an alternative and safer therapeutic agent for cancer, as IL-12 administration can lead to severe toxic side effects because of the extremely high levels of IFN-gamma it induces.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Sheng Hao
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 Hebei China
| | - Bao-En Shan
- Research Center, The Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, 050011 Hebei China
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31
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Di Benedetto M, Starzec A, Colombo BM, Briane D, Perret GY, Kraemer M, Crépin M. Aponecrotic, antiangiogenic and antiproliferative effects of a novel dextran derivative on breast cancer growth in vitro and in vivo. Br J Pharmacol 2002; 135:1859-71. [PMID: 11959788 PMCID: PMC1573310 DOI: 10.1038/sj.bjp.0704645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
1. Since the sodium phenylacetate (NaPa) was reported to enhance the inhibitory effect of carboxymethyl benzylamide dextran (CMDB) on the breast cancer growth, we performed the esterification of CMDB with NaPa to obtain a new drug carrying the characteristics of these two components. A new molecule, phenylacetate carboxymethyl benzylamide dextran, was named NaPaC. 2. We investigated in vitro and in vivo the effects of NaPaC on MCF-7ras cell growth as well as its apoptotic and antiangiogenic effects in comparison to NaPa and CMDB. In addition, we assessed in vitro the antiproliferative effects of these drugs on other breast cancer cells, including MDA-MB-231, MDA-MB-435 and MCF-7. 3. In vitro, NaPaC inhibited MCF-7ras cell proliferation by 40% at concentration lower than that of CMDB and NaPa (12 microM vs 73 microM and 10 mM). IC(50)s were 6 and 28 microM for NaPaC and CMDB, respectively. The similar results were obtained for three other breast cancer cell lines. NaPaC reduced the DNA replication and induced cell recruitment in G(0)/G(1) phase more efficiently than its components. Moreover, it induced a cell death at concentration 1000-fold lower than NaPa. 4. In vivo, CMDB (150 mg kg(-1)) and NaPa (40 mg kg(-1)) inhibited the MCF-7ras tumour growth by 37 and 57%, respectively, whereas NaPaC (15 mg kg(-1)) decreased tumour growth by 66% without toxicity. 5. NaPa or CMDB reduced the microvessel number in tumour by 50% after 7 weeks of treatment. NaPaC had the same effect after only 2 weeks. After 7 weeks, it generated a large necrosis area without detectable microvessels. In vitro, NaPaC inhibited human endothelial cell proliferation more efficiently than CMDB or NaPa. NaPaC interacts with vascular endothelial growth factor as observed by affinity electrophoresis. 6. NaPaC acts like NaPa and CMDB but in more potent manner than components used separately. Its antiproliferative, aponecrotic and anti-angiogenic actions make it a good candidate for a new anti-cancer drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Di Benedetto
- Laboratoire de Ciblage et Imagerie Fonctionnelle de la Progression Tumorale, UPRES 2360, Université Paris 13, 74 rue Marcel Cachin, 93017 Bobigny cedex, France.
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32
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Doelker I, Anderer FA. The CySF-L2 factor from dialysable human leucocyte extract activates natural killer cytotoxicity by induction of interferon gamma. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1992; 34:299-305. [PMID: 1540976 PMCID: PMC11038384 DOI: 10.1007/bf01741550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/1991] [Accepted: 11/19/1991] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
The mechanism of natural killer (NK) cytotoxicity activation of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) by CySF-L2 was elucidated. CySF-L2 is a cytotoxicity-stimulating factor isolated from dialysable human leucocyte extract, which activates NK cytotoxicity against NK-sensitive and insensitive tumour cells (K562; Daudi; Raji; MOLT4) when preincubated with effector cells for 72 h. CySF-L2-mediated activation was synergistic to interleukin-2(IL-2)-mediated activation of NK cytotoxicity. Induction of interferon gamma (IFN gamma) release was the crucial step during CySF-L2-mediated NK cytotoxicity activation since enhancement of NK activity was completely blocked when anti-IFN gamma antibodies were present during treatment of PBMC. Anti-IFN alpha, anti-TNF alpha (tumour necrosis factor alpha) anti-IL-1 and anti-IL-2 antibodies showed no blocking effect. Analysis of the supernatant culture medium after 72 h incubation of PBMC and their highly purified subpopulations demonstrated that CySF-L2 induced release of IFN gamma from CD3+T cells and CD56+CD3- NK cells and of TNF alpha and prostaglandin E2 from monocytes. CySF-L2 was also capable of activating NK cytotoxicity of highly purified (98%) CD56+CD3- NK cells as well as of monocytes (94% pure). Cell cooperation studies connected with analysis of cytokine release and enhancement of NK cytotoxicity indicated that CySF-L2 might play an essential role in the up and down regulation of NK cytotoxicity by the cytokine network.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Doelker
- Friedrich-Miescher-Laboratorium, Max-Planck-Gesellschaft, Tübingen, Federal Republic of Germany
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Damia G, Tagliabue G, Allavena P, D'Incalci M. Flavone acetic acid antitumour activity against a mouse pancreatic adenocarcinoma is mediated by natural killer cells. Cancer Immunol Immunother 1990; 32:241-4. [PMID: 2261598 PMCID: PMC11038864 DOI: 10.1007/bf01741707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/1990] [Accepted: 08/29/1990] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Flavone acetic acid (FAA) is one of the most active antitumour agents against mouse solid tumours. A number of reports favour the hypothesis that FAA could behave as a biological response modifier; in fact FAA stimulates natural killer (NK) cells, induces secretion of type I interferon and synergizes with interleukin-2 to increase NK/lymphokine-activated killer (LAK) activity in vivo. However, there is no conclusive evidence that the antitumour activity of FAA is mediated via the modulation of NK/LAK cells. The present study was designed to evaluate whether the reported activation of NK cells is instrumental in FAA antitumour activity. FAA (180 mg/kg, i.v. on days 3, 7 and 11 after tumour implant) was significantly effective in inhibiting the subcutaneous growth of the pancreatic adenocarcinoma PAN/03 in C57/Bl mice. After 132 days the number of tumour-free survivors was 36%, whereas in the control group receiving no treatment, or in the group of mice treated with 10 micrograms/mouse of alpha-asialo-GM1 the value was only 0 or 6.7%, respectively. The combination of FAA and alpha-asialo-GM1 resulted in only 6% tumour-free mice. In parallel experiments, splenocytes and peritoneal cells from C57/B1 mice were tested in a standard cytotoxicity NK assay. While animals treated with FAA showed a significant increase in NK activity, those injected with alpha-asialo-GM1 had very low levels, and the combined treatment of FAA and alpha-asialo-GM1 resulted in a lower or similar NK activity compared to that in untreated mice. The fact that the abrogation of the NK-stimulating effect of FAA is accompanied by a lack of anti-tumour activity indicates that, at least in this experimental model, FAA is likely to act via an immunomodulatory mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Damia
- Laboratory of Cancer Chemotherapy, Istituto di Ricerche Farmacologiche Mario Negri, Milano, Italy
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