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Djuicy DD, Sadeuh-Mba SA, Bilounga CN, Yonga MG, Tchatchueng-Mbougua JB, Essima GD, Esso L, Nguidjol IME, Metomb SF, Chebo C, Agwe SM, Ankone PA, Ngonla FNN, Mossi HM, Etoundi AGM, Eyangoh SI, Kazanji M, Njouom R. Concurrent Clade I and Clade II Monkeypox Virus Circulation, Cameroon, 1979-2022. Emerg Infect Dis 2024; 30:432-443. [PMID: 38325363 PMCID: PMC10902553 DOI: 10.3201/eid3003.230861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/09/2024] Open
Abstract
During 1979-2022, Cameroon recorded 32 laboratory-confirmed mpox cases among 137 suspected mpox cases identified by the national surveillance network. The highest positivity rate occurred in 2022, indicating potential mpox re-emergence in Cameroon. Both clade I (n = 12) and clade II (n = 18) monkeypox virus (MPXV) were reported, a unique feature of mpox in Cameroon. The overall case-fatality ratio of 2.2% was associated with clade II. We found mpox occurred only in the forested southern part of the country, and MPXV phylogeographic structure revealed a clear geographic separation among concurrent circulating clades. Clade I originated from eastern regions close to neighboring mpox-endemic countries in Central Africa; clade II was prevalent in western regions close to West Africa. Our findings suggest that MPXV re-emerged after a 30-year lapse and might arise from different viral reservoirs unique to ecosystems in eastern and western rainforests of Cameroon.
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Amadesi S, Palombo M, Bovo F, Liberatore A, Vecchi E, Cricca M, Lazzarotto T, Ambretti S, Gaibani P. Clonal Dissemination of Candida auris Clinical Isolates in Northern Italy, 2021. Microb Drug Resist 2024; 30:50-54. [PMID: 37851491 DOI: 10.1089/mdr.2023.0150] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a concerning pathogen in health care due to its ability to spread in medical settings. In this study, we characterized the genome of three C. auris clinical isolates collected in the Emilia-Romagna region of Northeastern Italy from January 2020 to May 2021. Whole-genome sequencing was performed using Illumina iSeq 100 and Oxford Nanopore MinION systems. Genomes were assembled with Flye. Phylogenetic analysis was carried out with RaxML. The ERG11, TAC1b, and FKS1 genes were examined for known substitutions associated with resistance to azoles and caspofungin using Diamond. All three C. auris isolates belonged to clade I (South Asian lineage) and showed high minimum inhibitory concentrations for fluconazole. Two of the three isolates were closely related to the first Italian index case of C. auris occurred in the 2019 and carried similar mutations associated to azole resistance. The third isolate showed a greater phylogenetic distance from these strains and had a different genetic determinant not previously seen in Italy. Our data suggest that two C. auris clinical isolates may have been epidemiologically related to the first outbreak previously observed in Italy, while the remaining isolate may have originated from a different source. Further research is needed to understand C. auris transmission and resistance and to control its spread.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefano Amadesi
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Marta Palombo
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Federica Bovo
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Andrea Liberatore
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Elena Vecchi
- Department of Public Health of Emilia-Romagna Region, Bologna, Italy
| | - Monica Cricca
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Tiziana Lazzarotto
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Simone Ambretti
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
- DIMEC, University of Bologna, Bologna, Italy
| | - Paolo Gaibani
- Operative Unit of Clinical Microbiology, IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliero-Universitaria di Bologna, Bologna, Italy
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Ahmadi B, Naeimi B, Ahmadipour MJ, Morovati H, de Groot T, Spruijtenburg B, Badali H, Meis JF. An Autochthonous Susceptible Candida auris Clade I Otomycosis Case in Iran. J Fungi (Basel) 2023; 9:1101. [PMID: 37998906 PMCID: PMC10671974 DOI: 10.3390/jof9111101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
Candida auris is a newly emerging multidrug-resistant fungal pathogen considered to be a serious global health threat. Due to diagnostic challenges, there is no precise estimate for the prevalence rate of this pathogen in Iran. Since 2019, only six culture-proven C. auris cases have been reported from Iran, of which, five belonged to clade V and one to clade I. Herein, we report a case of otomycosis due to C. auris from 2017 in a 78-year-old man with diabetes mellitus type II without an epidemiological link to other cases or travel history. Short tandem repeat genotyping and whole genome sequencing (WGS) analysis revealed that this isolate belonged to clade I of C. auris (South Asian Clade). The WGS single nucleotide polymorphism calling demonstrated that the C. auris isolate from 2017 is not related to a previously reported clade I isolate from Iran. The presence of this retrospectively recognized clade I isolate also suggests an early introduction from other regions or an autochthonous presence. Although the majority of reported C. auris isolates worldwide are resistant to fluconazole and, to a lesser extent, to echinocandins and amphotericin B, the reported clade I isolate from Iran was susceptible to all antifungal drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahram Ahmadi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75187-59577, Iran; (B.A.); (B.N.)
| | - Behrouz Naeimi
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Faculty of Paramedical, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 75187-59577, Iran; (B.A.); (B.N.)
| | | | - Hamid Morovati
- Department of Parasitology and Mycology, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz 71348-14336, Iran;
| | - Theun de Groot
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.d.G.); (B.S.)
- Center of Expertise for Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Bram Spruijtenburg
- Department of Medical Microbiology and Infectious Diseases, Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands; (T.d.G.); (B.S.)
- Center of Expertise for Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Hamid Badali
- Department of Molecular Microbiology & Immunology, South Texas Center for Emerging Infectious Diseases, The University of Texas, San Antonio, TX 78249, USA
| | - Jacques F. Meis
- Center of Expertise for Mycology, Radboud University Medical Center/Canisius-Wilhelmina Hospital, 6532 SZ Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Translational Research, Cologne Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), Excellence Center for Medical Mycology (ECMM), University of Cologne, 50923 Cologne, Germany
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Schwartz DA, Mbala-Kingebeni P, Patterson K, Huggins JW, Pittman PR. Congenital Mpox Syndrome ( Clade I) in Stillborn Fetus after Placental Infection and Intrauterine Transmission, Democratic Republic of the Congo, 2008. Emerg Infect Dis 2023; 29:2198-2022. [PMID: 37705112 PMCID: PMC10617360 DOI: 10.3201/eid2911.230606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
We report the autopsy pathology findings of a 21-week stillborn fetus with congenital mpox syndrome that occurred in the Democratic Republic of the Congo in 2008. The fetus acquired mpox from the mother after intrauterine transplacental monkeypox virus transmission. We confirmed monkeypox virus infection in the mother, fetus, and placenta by using a monkeypox virus-specific quantitative PCR. Subtyping of the virus was not performed, but the mother and fetus were almost certainly infected with the clade I variant that was endemic in the Democratic Republic of the Congo at the time. Risk for intrauterine infection appears to differ between virus clades, but clinicians should be aware of potential for intrauterine monkeypox virus transmission among pregnant persons during ongoing and future mpox outbreaks.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Placide Mbala-Kingebeni
- Perinatal Pathology Consulting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D.A. Schwartz)
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (P. Mbala-Kingebeni)
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA (K. Patterson, J.W. Hudgins, P.R. Pittman)
| | - Kerry Patterson
- Perinatal Pathology Consulting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D.A. Schwartz)
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (P. Mbala-Kingebeni)
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA (K. Patterson, J.W. Hudgins, P.R. Pittman)
| | - John W. Huggins
- Perinatal Pathology Consulting, Atlanta, Georgia, USA (D.A. Schwartz)
- Institut National de Recherche Biomédicale, Ministère de la Santé Publique, Kinshasa, Democratic Republic of the Congo (P. Mbala-Kingebeni)
- US Army Medical Research Institute of Infectious Diseases, Fort Detrick, Maryland, USA (K. Patterson, J.W. Hudgins, P.R. Pittman)
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Kim Y, Hong Xi, Park J. The complete chloroplast genome of Prince Ginseng, Pseudostellaria heterophylla (Miq.) Pax (Caryophyllaceae). Mitochondrial DNA B Resour 2019; 4:2251-2253. [PMID: 33365497 PMCID: PMC7687451 DOI: 10.1080/23802359.2019.1623127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
We presented complete chloroplast genome of Prince Ginseng, Pseudostellaria heterophylla which is 149,795 bp long and has four subregions: 81,460 bp of large single copy (LSC) and 16,983 bp of small single copy (SSC) regions are separated by 25,676 bp of inverted repeat (IR) regions including 126 genes (81 CDS, 8 rRNAs, and 37 tRNAs). The overall GC content of the chloroplast genome is 36.5% and those in the LSC, SSC, and IR regions are 34.3%, 29.4%, and 42.3%, respectively. Phylogenetic trees of 25 Caryophyllaceae species present phylogenetic position of P. heterophylla among available Pseudostellaria species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongsung Kim
- InfoBoss Co., Ltd., Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
| | - Hong Xi
- InfoBoss Co., Ltd., Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
| | - Jongsun Park
- InfoBoss Co., Ltd., Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
- InfoBoss Research Center, Seoul, Gangnam-gu, Korea
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