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Mata-Guel EO, Soh MCK, Butler CW, Morris RJ, Razgour O, Peh KSH. Impacts of anthropogenic climate change on tropical montane forests: an appraisal of the evidence. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2023; 98:1200-1224. [PMID: 36990691 DOI: 10.1111/brv.12950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/10/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
In spite of their small global area and restricted distributions, tropical montane forests (TMFs) are biodiversity hotspots and important ecosystem services providers, but are also highly vulnerable to climate change. To protect and preserve these ecosystems better, it is crucial to inform the design and implementation of conservation policies with the best available scientific evidence, and to identify knowledge gaps and future research needs. We conducted a systematic review and an appraisal of evidence quality to assess the impacts of climate change on TMFs. We identified several skews and shortcomings. Experimental study designs with controls and long-term (≥10 years) data sets provide the most reliable evidence, but were rare and gave an incomplete understanding of climate change impacts on TMFs. Most studies were based on predictive modelling approaches, short-term (<10 years) and cross-sectional study designs. Although these methods provide moderate to circumstantial evidence, they can advance our understanding on climate change effects. Current evidence suggests that increasing temperatures and rising cloud levels have caused distributional shifts (mainly upslope) of montane biota, leading to alterations in biodiversity and ecological functions. Neotropical TMFs were the best studied, thus the knowledge derived there can serve as a proxy for climate change responses in under-studied regions elsewhere. Most studies focused on vascular plants, birds, amphibians and insects, with other taxonomic groups poorly represented. Most ecological studies were conducted at species or community levels, with a marked paucity of genetic studies, limiting understanding of the adaptive capacity of TMF biota. We thus highlight the long-term need to widen the methodological, thematic and geographical scope of studies on TMFs under climate change to address these uncertainties. In the short term, however, in-depth research in well-studied regions and advances in computer modelling approaches offer the most reliable sources of information for expeditious conservation action for these threatened forests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik O Mata-Guel
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Malcolm C K Soh
- National Park Boards, 1 Cluny Road, Singapore, 259569, Singapore
| | - Connor W Butler
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Rebecca J Morris
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Orly Razgour
- Biosciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, EX4 4PS, UK
| | - Kelvin S-H Peh
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield Campus, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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Stull GW. Evolutionary origins of the eastern North American-Mesoamerican floristic disjunction: Current status and future prospects. Am J Bot 2023; 110:1-11. [PMID: 36794648 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/25/2023] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
Biogeographic disjunction patterns, where multiple taxa are shared between isolated geographic areas, represent excellent systems for investigating the historical assembly of modern biotas and fundamental biological processes such as speciation, diversification, niche evolution, and evolutionary responses to climate change. Studies on plant genera disjunct across the northern hemisphere, particularly between eastern North America (ENA) and eastern Asia (EAS), have yielded tremendous insight on the geologic history and assembly of rich temperate floras. However, one of the most prevalent disjunction patterns involving ENA forests has been largely overlooked: that of taxa disjunct between ENA and cloud forests of Mesoamerica (MAM), with examples including Acer saccharum, Liquidambar styraciflua, Cercis canadensis, Fagus grandifolia, and Epifagus virginiana. Despite the remarkable nature of this disjunction pattern, which has been recognized for over 75 years, there have been few recent efforts to empirically examine its evolutionary and ecological origins. Here I synthesize previous systematic, paleobotanical, phylogenetic, and phylogeographic studies to establish what is known about this disjunction pattern to provide a roadmap for future research. I argue that this disjunction pattern, and the evolution and fossil record of the Mexican flora more broadly, represents a key missing piece in the broader puzzle of northern hemisphere biogeography. I also suggest that the ENA-MAM disjunction represents an excellent system for examining fundamental questions about how traits and life history strategies mediate plant evolutionary responses to climate change and for predicting how broadleaf temperate forests will respond to the ongoing climatic pressures of the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregory W Stull
- Department of Botany, National Museum of Natural History, Smithsonian Institution, Washington, D.C., 20013, USA
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3
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Geml J, Arnold AE, Semenova-Nelsen TA, Nouhra ER, Drechsler-Santos ER, Góes-Neto A, Morgado LN, Ódor P, Hegyi B, Grau O, Ibáñez A, Tedersoo L, Lutzoni F. Community dynamics of soil-borne fungal communities along elevation gradients in neotropical and paleotropical forests. Mol Ecol 2022; 31:2044-2060. [PMID: 35080063 DOI: 10.1111/mec.16368] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Revised: 12/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Because of their steep gradients in abiotic and biotic factors, mountains offer an ideal setting to illuminate the mechanisms that underlie patterns of species distributions and community assembly. We compared the composition of taxonomically and functionally diverse fungal communities in soils along five elevational gradients in mountains of the Neo- and Paleotropics (northern Argentina, southern Brazil, Panama, Malaysian Borneo, and Papua New Guinea). Both richness and composition of soil fungal communities reflect environmental factors, particularly temperature and soil pH, with some shared patterns among neotropical and paleotropical regions. Community dynamics are characterized by replacement of species along elevation gradients, implying a relatively narrow elevation range for most fungi, which appears to be driven by contrasting environmental preferences among both functional and taxonomic groups. For functional groups dependent on symbioses with plants (especially ectomycorrhizal fungi), the distribution of host plants drives richness and community composition, resulting in important differences in elevational patterns between neotropical and paleotropical montane communities. The pronounced compositional and functional turnover along elevation gradients implies that tropical montane forest fungi will be sensitive to climate change, resulting in shifts in composition and functionality over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- József Geml
- ELKH-EKKE Lendület Environmental Microbiome Research Group, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300, Eger, Hungary.,Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - A Elizabeth Arnold
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Tatiana A Semenova-Nelsen
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - Eduardo R Nouhra
- Multidisciplinary Institute of Plant Biology (IMBIV), CONICET, FCEFyN, National University of Córdoba, Córdoba, Córdoba, Argentina
| | | | - Aristóteles Góes-Neto
- Department of Microbiology, Federal University of Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Luis N Morgado
- Biodiversity Dynamics Research Group, Naturalis Biodiversity Center, 2300 RA, Leiden, The Netherlands.,Department of Biosciences, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, University of Oslo, Oslo, Norway
| | - Péter Ódor
- Institute of Ecology and Botany, Centre for Ecological Research, 2163, Vácrátót, Hungary
| | - Balázs Hegyi
- Research and Development Centre, Eszterházy Károly Catholic University, H-3300, Eger, Hungary.,Doctoral School of Earth Science and Department for Landscape Protection and Environmental Geography, University of Debrecen, H-4002, Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Oriol Grau
- CREAF, Global Ecology Unit, 08193, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain.,Cirad, UMR EcoFoG (AgroParisTech, CNRS, Inra, Univ. Antilles, Univ. Guyane), Campus Agronomique, Kourou, French Guiana.,Spanish National Research Council (CSIC), Global Ecology Unit, CREAF-CSIC-UAB, Cerdanyola del Vallès, Catalonia, Spain
| | - Alicia Ibáñez
- School of Plant Sciences and Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ, U.S.A
| | - Leho Tedersoo
- Mycology and Microbiology Center, University of Tartu, 50411, Tartu, Estonia
| | - François Lutzoni
- Department of Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27708, U.S.A
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Salinas N, Cosio EG, Silman M, Meir P, Nottingham AT, Roman-Cuesta RM, Malhi Y. Editorial: Tropical Montane Forests in a Changing Environment. Front Plant Sci 2021; 12:712748. [PMID: 34456951 PMCID: PMC8385751 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.712748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Norma Salinas
- Institute for Nature, Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
- Chemistry Section, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Eric G. Cosio
- Institute for Nature, Earth and Energy, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
- Chemistry Section, Pontifical Catholic University of Peru, Lima, Peru
| | - Miles Silman
- Center for Energy, Environment, and Sustainability, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, United States
| | - Patrick Meir
- Research School of Biology, The Australian National University, Canberra, ACT, Australia
| | | | - Rosa Maria Roman-Cuesta
- Laboratory of GeoInformation Science and Remote Sensing, Wageningen University and Research, Wageningen, Netherlands
- Centre for International Forestry Research (CIFOR), Bogor, Indonesia
| | - Yadvinder Malhi
- Environmental Change Institute, School of Geography and the Environment, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Di Giovanni F, Pádua DG, Araujo RO, Santos AD, Sääksjärvi IE. A striking new species of Dolichomitus Smith, 1877 (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae; Pimplinae) from South America. Biodivers Data J 2021; 9:e67438. [PMID: 34104060 PMCID: PMC8178292 DOI: 10.3897/bdj.9.e67438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 05/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Dolichomitus Smith, 1877 is a genus of Darwin wasps characterised by their large bodies and long ovipositors, that includes more than 75 species worldwide, 20 of which occur in the Neotropical Region. Due to recent efforts, the number of species of this genus continues to increase in South America. New information A new iridescent species of Pimplinae, Dolichomitusmeii sp. nov., is described and illustrated. It was discovered from the biological station of Yanayacu located in the north-eastern slopes of the tropical Andes. It may be separated from all other species of Dolichomitus Smith by the striking colour pattern and apically strongly decurved ovipositor.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filippo Di Giovanni
- Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy Dept. of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa Pisa Italy
| | - Diego Galvão Pádua
- Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, Brazil Programa de Pós-Graduaçao em Entomologia, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia Manaus Brazil
| | - Rodrigo Oliveira Araujo
- Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule, Talca, Chile Centro de Investigación de Estudios Avanzados del Maule, Vicerrectoría de Investigación y Postgrado, Universidad Católica del Maule Talca Chile
| | - Alvaro Doria Santos
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo São Paulo Brazil
| | - Ilari Eerikki Sääksjärvi
- Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku, Turku, Finland Biodiversity Unit, University of Turku Turku Finland
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Pyrcz TW, Lorenc-Brudecka J, Zubek A, Prieto C, Boyer P, Florczyk K, Wacławik B, Lachowska-Cierlik D. Considerations on the Taxonomy of the Genus Arhuaco Adams and Bernard 1977, and its Relationships with the Genus Pronophila Doubleday [1849] (Nymphalidae, Satyrinae). Neotrop Entomol 2019; 48:302-313. [PMID: 30414019 PMCID: PMC6443605 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-018-0641-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 09/27/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Arhuaco Adams & Bernard (1977) is one of the least known genera of Neotropical Satyrinae. It comprises two species and presents an unusual disjunct distribution, with A. ica Adams & Bernard (1977), endemic to the isolated Colombian Sierra Nevada de Santa Marta, and A. dryadina (Schaus 1913) found in the mountains of Costa Rica and Panama. Here, the female of A. dryadina is described, and a new generic diagnosis is presented. Affinities with other genera of the subtribe Pronophilina, in particular the potential closest relatives, such as Pronophila Doubleday (1849), are investigated based on morphological, molecular, ecological, and behavioral data. Results from molecular and morphological sources are incongruent. Molecular data indicate that Arhuaco is paraphyletic, with A. dryadina segregating within the Pronophila clade. Morphological data, by contrast, indicate a closer affinity between the two species currently placed in Arhuaco, favoring the monophyly of the genus, and show no consistent synapomorphies for Arhuaco + Pronophila. A vicariance biogeographical scenario is evaluated.
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Affiliation(s)
- T W Pyrcz
- Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian Univ, Gronostajowa 5, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
- Entomology Dept, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | - J Lorenc-Brudecka
- Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian Univ, Gronostajowa 5, 30-387, Kraków, Poland.
| | - A Zubek
- Entomology Dept, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | - C Prieto
- Depto de Biología, Universidad del Atlántico, Barranquilla, Colombia
- SNSB-Bavarian State Collection of Zoology, Münchhausenstrasse 21, 81247, Munich, Germany
| | - P Boyer
- 7 Lotissement l'Horizon, Le Puy Sainte Réparade, France
| | - K Florczyk
- Nature Education Centre, Jagiellonian Univ, Gronostajowa 5, 30-387, Kraków, Poland
| | - B Wacławik
- Entomology Dept, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
| | - D Lachowska-Cierlik
- Entomology Dept, Institute of Zoology and Biomedical Research, Jagiellonian Univ, Kraków, Poland
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Eller CB, de V Barros F, Bittencourt PRL, Rowland L, Mencuccini M, Oliveira RS. Xylem hydraulic safety and construction costs determine tropical tree growth. Plant Cell Environ 2018; 41:548-562. [PMID: 29211923 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/17/2017] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Faster growth in tropical trees is usually associated with higher mortality rates, but the mechanisms underlying this relationship are poorly understood. In this study, we investigate how tree growth patterns are linked with environmental conditions and hydraulic traits, by monitoring the cambial growth of 9 tropical cloud forest tree species coupled with numerical simulations using an optimization model. We find that fast-growing trees have lower xylem safety margins than slow-growing trees and this pattern is not necessarily linked to differences in stomatal behaviour or environmental conditions when growth occurs. Instead, fast-growing trees have xylem vessels that are more vulnerable to cavitation and lower density wood. We propose the growth - xylem vulnerability trade-off represents a wood hydraulic economics spectrum similar to the classic leaf economic spectrum, and show through numerical simulations that this trade-off can emerge from the coordination between growth rates, wood density, and xylem vulnerability to cavitation. Our results suggest that vulnerability to hydraulic failure might be related with the growth-mortality trade-off in tropical trees, determining important life history differences. These findings are important in furthering our understanding of xylem hydraulic functioning and its implications on plant carbon economy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cleiton B Eller
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 6109, Campinas, Brazil
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Exeter, UK
| | - Fernanda de V Barros
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 6109, Campinas, Brazil
| | | | - Lucy Rowland
- Department of Geography, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, University of Exeter, EX4 4RJ, Exeter, UK
| | - Maurizio Mencuccini
- ICREA, Pg. Lluís Companys 23, 08010, Barcelona, Spain
- CREAF, Cerdanyola del Valles, 08193, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rafael S Oliveira
- Department of Plant Biology, Institute of Biology, UNICAMP, 6109, Campinas, Brazil
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Ruiz-Sanchez E, Ornelas JF. Phylogeography of Liquidambar styraciflua (Altingiaceae) in Mesoamerica: survivors of a Neogene widespread temperate forest (or cloud forest) in North America? Ecol Evol 2014; 4:311-28. [PMID: 24634718 PMCID: PMC3936380 DOI: 10.1002/ece3.938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2013] [Revised: 10/11/2013] [Accepted: 10/19/2013] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigate the genetic variation between populations of the American sweetgum (Liquidambar styraciflua), a tree species with a disjunct distribution between northeastern Texas and Mexico, by analyzing sequences of two chloroplast DNA plastid regions in Mesoamerica. Our results revealed phylogeographical structure, with private haplotypes distributed in unique environmental space at either side of the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt, and a split in the absence of gene flow dating back ca. 4.2–1.4 million years ago (MYA). Species distribution modeling results fit a model of refugia along the Gulf and Atlantic coasts but the present ranges of US and Mesoamerican populations persisted disjunct during glacial/interglacial cycles. Divergence between the US and Mesoamerican (ca. 8.4–2.8 MYA) populations of L. styraciflua and asymmetrical gene flow patterns support the hypothesis of a long-distance dispersal during the Pliocene, with fragmentation since the most recent glacial advance (120,000 years BP) according to coalescent simulations and high effective migration rates from Mesoamerica to the USA and close to zero in the opposite direction. Our findings implicate the Trans-Mexican Volcanic Belt as a porous barrier driving genetic divergence of L. styraciflua, corresponding with environmental niche differences, during the Pliocene to Quaternary volcanic arc episode 3.6 MYA, and a Mesoamerican origin of populations in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eduardo Ruiz-Sanchez
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México ; Red de Biodiversidad y Sistemática, Centro Regional del Bajío, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Pátzcuaro, Michoacán, 61600, México
| | - Juan Francisco Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C. Xalapa, Veracruz, 91070, México
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