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Blackmore AM, Mulhern B, Norman R, Reddihough D, Choong CS, Jacoby P, Downs J. How Well Does the EQ-5D-Y-5L Describe Children With Intellectual Disability?: "There's a Lot More to My Child Than That She Can't Wash or Dress Herself.". Value Health 2024; 27:190-198. [PMID: 38043713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The EQ-5D-5L is a generic health utility instrument for measuring health-related quality of life (HRQoL), with self-report and proxy report versions for children (EQ-5D-Y-5L). Children with intellectual disability (ID) are a heterogeneous population whose impairments and comorbidities place them at risk of poor HRQoL. This study aimed to describe the content validity and suitability for children with ID of a proxy report version of the EQ-5D-Y-5L as seen by their caregivers. METHODS A proxy report EQ-5D-Y-5L was administered to caregivers of children with ID. Using cognitive think-aloud interviewing, participants were encouraged to provide the reasoning for their choices, assess the questions' relevance, comprehensibility, and comprehensiveness, and comment on the tool's strengths and weaknesses. Qualitative content analysis used both directed (deductive) and conventional (inductive) methods. RESULTS There were 28 interviews with 30 caregivers of children with ID (aged 8-22 years, 17 boys, with autism spectrum disorder, cerebral palsy, Down syndrome, and rare genetic disorders). The EQ-5D-Y-5L was considered clear, concise, and largely relevant, but insufficiently comprehensive for this population. Interviewees sought clarification of the definition of HRQoL, whether it included unchanging impairments (vs fluctuating health states), and what basis of comparison to use (child or peer). Many interviewees suggested inclusion of questions for other domains, including communication and social engagement, equipment and human supports required, and a wider range of mental health questions. CONCLUSIONS The study suggests that further work is required to ensure accurate responses to the EQ-5D-Y-5L from caregivers of children with ID and to describe these children adequately.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Brendan Mulhern
- Centre for Health Economics Research and Evaluation, University of Technology Sydney, Ultimo, NSW, Australia
| | - Richard Norman
- Population Health, Curtin University, Bentley, WA, Australia
| | - Dinah Reddihough
- Murdoch Children's Research Institute, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | | | - Peter Jacoby
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
| | - Jenny Downs
- Child Disability, Telethon Kids Institute, Nedlands, WA, Australia
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Thompson DA, Fineman MS, Miramontes Valdes E, Tschann JM, Meltzer LJ. Forward and Back is Not Enough: Applying Best Practices for Translation of Pediatric Sleep Questionnaires. Front Sleep 2024; 2:1329405. [PMID: 38585369 PMCID: PMC10993737 DOI: 10.3389/frsle.2023.1329405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Cultural differences in the experience of sleep warrant consideration in the measurement of sleep across populations. This requires careful attention to both language and culture when translating survey measures. While forward and back translation is the most commonly used approach, it has numerous limitations if used as an isolated method. Best practice guidelines recommend a multi-step team-based approach for translating questionnaires. We present our recent experience applying best practices in a study with both Spanish and English-speaking Mexican American mothers of toddlers. This work is part of a larger project that will measure parental sleep-related beliefs and parenting practices in Mexican American parents of toddlers. We utilized a team-based approach to translation and cultural adaptation, assembling a diverse, bilingual, and bicultural team. The translation process started with items and measures that we had selected, revised as needed, or created. New items were based on constructs identified in semi-structured interviews and focus groups used to explore parental sleep-related beliefs and parenting practices in the target population. Following this, our translation process included forward and back translation, harmonization and decentering, cognitive interviewing, debriefing, adjudication, and proofreading. We outline details of our process and the rationale for each step. We also highlight how each step contributes to ensuring culturally appropriate items with conceptual equivalence across languages. To ensure inclusivity and scientific rigor within the field of sleep research, investigators must utilize best practices for translations and cultural adaptations, building on the foundation of cultural constructs often identified in qualitative work.
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Affiliation(s)
- Darcy A. Thompson
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Melissa S. Fineman
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Estefania Miramontes Valdes
- Adult and Child Center for Outcomes Research and Delivery Science, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - Jeanne M. Tschann
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Lisa J. Meltzer
- Department of Pediatrics, National Jewish Health, Denver, CO, USA
- Department of Family Medicine, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO, USA
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Gandrieau J, Schnitzler C, Cairney J, Keegan R, Roberts WM, Barnett LM, Bentsen P, Dudley DA, Raymond Sum KW, Venetsanou F, Button C, Turcotte S, Berrigan F, Cloes M, Rudd JR, Riga V, Mouton A, Vašíčková J, Blanchard J, Mekkaoui L, Derigny T, Franck N, Repond RM, Markovič M, Scheuer C, Potdevin F. Development of ELIP to Assess Physical Literacy for Emerging Adults: A Methodological and Epistemological Challenge. Res Q Exerc Sport 2023; 94:1169-1182. [PMID: 36624961 DOI: 10.1080/02701367.2022.2125927] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Purpose: Following increased interest in physical literacy (PL), development of appropriate tools for assessment has become an important next step for its operationalization. To forward the development of such tools, the objective of this study was to build the foundations of the Évaluation de la Littératie Physique (ELIP), designed to help reduce existing tensions in approaches to PL assessment that may be resulting in a low uptake into applied settings. Methods: We followed two steps: (1) the development of the first version of ELIP by deploying a Delphi method (n = 30); and (2) the modification of items through cognitive interviews with emerging adults (n = 32). Results: The expert consensus highlighted four dimensions of PL to be assessed-physical; affective; cognitive; and social-with new perspectives, including a preference for broad motor tests over fitness. Conclusion: Results offer new insights into the assessment of emerging adults' PL, but ELIP still requires further work concerning validity, reliability, and sensitivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gandrieau
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale
| | | | | | | | - W M Roberts
- University of Gloucestershire
- University of Waikato
| | | | - P Bentsen
- Copenhagen University Hospital - Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg
| | - D A Dudley
- University of Queensland
- Macquarie University
| | | | | | | | | | | | - M Cloes
- Unité de Recherche Interfacultaire Santé Société
| | - J R Rudd
- Liverpool John Moores University
- Victoria University
| | | | - A Mouton
- Unité de Recherche Interfacultaire Santé Société
| | | | - J Blanchard
- Université de Sherbrooke
- Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke
| | - L Mekkaoui
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale
| | - T Derigny
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale
| | - N Franck
- Unité de Recherche Interfacultaire Santé Société
| | | | | | | | - F Potdevin
- University of Lille, University of Artois, University Littoral Côte d'Opale
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McLoughlin C, Goranitis I, Al-Janabi H. The Feasibility and Validity of Preference-Based Quality of Life Measures With Informal Carers: A Think-Aloud Study. Value Health 2023; 26:1655-1664. [PMID: 37516197 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2023.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/31/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES A range of preference-based quality of life (QoL) measures have been proposed for use with informal carers. Qualitative evaluation of validity and feasibility of the measures is an important step in understanding whether measures will work as intended. At present, little is known about the performance of different types of preference-based QoL measures with informal carers. The objective of this study was to qualitatively assess the feasibility, content validity (including face validity), and acceptability of 5 QoL measures (the Carer Experience Scale, CarerQoL-7D, ASCOT-C, ICECAP-A, and EQ-5D-5L) with informal carers. METHODS A total of 24 "think-aloud" interviews were conducted with a cross-section of carers of adults in the United Kingdom. This think-aloud process was followed by semistructured discussion to probe issues of validity and feasibility in more detail. The interview data were transcribed, coded to identify the frequency of errors in completing the QoL measures and thematically analyzed to study the validity, feasibility, and acceptability of the measures. RESULTS Few errors (3%-7% per item) were identified in completing each of the measures with little distinct pattern. Most participants found the measures to be concise, clear, and relevant. Challenges included relevance, context, time period, missing items, multiple questions, and response options. Informal carers generally expressed a preference for using a care-related QoL measure. CONCLUSIONS Existing preference-based QoL measures have encouraging validity and feasibility within a mixed sample of informal carers, with minor challenges raised. These challenges ought to be considered, alongside the decision context, when administering QoL measures in this context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ilias Goranitis
- Melbourne School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Hareth Al-Janabi
- Health Economics Unit, Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, England, UK.
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Xu M, Liu T, Ye M, Tan X, Sun Q. The Use of an Iterative Strategy of Cognitive Interview and Expert Consultation to Revise the Quality of Life Scale for Patients with Aplastic Anemia (QLS-AA). Patient Prefer Adherence 2023; 17:1741-1749. [PMID: 37489164 PMCID: PMC10363392 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s418773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Aplastic anemia is characterized by anemia, hemorrhage and infection, and is accompanied by a variety of complications and psychological burden. Therefore, the quality of life of AA patients is not optimistic. Our team is committed to developing an assessment tool for the quality of life of AA patients, and adopting an iterative strategy of cognitive interview and expert consultation to solve the challenges encountered in item revision. Purpose We aim to use the strategy of cognitive interview and expert consultation to inform revision of the QLS-AA into a user-friendly tool with unambiguous items and improve the content validity of the scale. Methods We used an iterative strategy of cognitive interview and expert consultation. Two rounds of cognitive interview were conducted to identify problems with item comprehension, recall and other cognitive processes. As well as, a multi-disciplinary group of expert consultation was consulted to review the rationality of item revisions. Results In the first round of cognitive interview, 16 participants responded to 107 items. Among them, the most common problems were "clarification" and "item duplication". Based on the results of the first round of interview, an expert consultation was organized. A total of 16 amendments were put forward by the expert and 14 were adopted. In the second round of cognitive interviews, A total of 5 participants were included and 64 items were evaluated. Two items were suggested to be revised, and the remaining items were accurately understood and recognized by all participants. Couclusion This study highlights the key issues to consider when incorporating patient perspectives into quality measurement. The revision of QLS-AA through the strategy of cognitive interview and expert consultation may provide valuable insights into the measurement of quality of life in aplastic patients. Trial Registration Number ChiCTR2100047575.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Xu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ting Liu
- The School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Menghua Ye
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaoxue Tan
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qiuhua Sun
- The School of Nursing, Zhejiang Chinese Medical University, Hangzhou, People’s Republic of China
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Pattinson R, Trialonis-Suthakharan N, Hewitt RM, Valencia López MJ, Tahmasebi Gandomkari N, Austin J, FitzGerald A, Courtier N, Augustin M, Bundy C. Evidence of the content validity, acceptability, and feasibility of a new Patient-Reported Impact of Dermatological Diseases measure. Front Med (Lausanne) 2023; 10:1020523. [PMID: 37215711 PMCID: PMC10196461 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1020523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Accepted: 03/30/2023] [Indexed: 05/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The Global Research on the Impact of Dermatological Diseases (GRIDD) team is developing the new Patient-Reported Impact of Dermatological Diseases (PRIDD) measure of the impact of dermatological conditions on the patient's life, in partnership with patients. To develop PRIDD, we conducted a systematic review, followed by a qualitative interview study with 68 patients worldwide and subsequently a global Delphi survey of 1,154 patients to ensure PRIDD items were meaningful and important to patients. Objective To pilot test PRIDD with patients with dermatological conditions, focusing on its content validity (comprehensiveness, comprehensibility, and relevance), acceptability, and feasibility. Methods We conducted a theory-led qualitative study using the Three-Step Test-Interview method of cognitive interviewing. Three rounds of semi-structured interviews were conducted online. Adults (≥ 18 years) living with a dermatological condition and who spoke English sufficiently to take part in the interview were recruited through the International Alliance of Dermatology Patient Organizations' (GlobalSkin) global membership network. The topic guide met the gold-standard COSMIN (Consensus-based Standards for the Selection of Health Measurement Instruments) standards for cognitive interviewing. Analysis followed the thematic analytical model of cognitive interviewing. Results Twelve people (58% male) representing six dermatological conditions from four countries participated. Overall, patients found PRIDD to be comprehensible, comprehensive, relevant, acceptable, and feasible. Participants were able to discern the conceptual framework domains from the items. Feedback resulted in: the recall period being extended from 1 week to 1 month; removal of the 'not relevant' response option; and changes to the instructions and item ordering and wording to improve clarity and increase respondents' confidence in their ability to respond. These evidence-based adjustments resulted in a 26-item version of PRIDD. Conclusion This study met the gold-standard COSMIN criteria for the pilot testing of health measurement instruments. The data triangulated our previous findings, in particular the conceptual framework of impact. Our findings illuminate how patients understand and respond to PRIDD and other patient-reported measurement instruments. The results of comprehensibility, comprehensiveness, relevance, acceptability, and feasibility of PRIDD provide evidence of content validity from the target population. The next step in the development and validation of PRIDD is psychometric testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachael Pattinson
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Nirohshah Trialonis-Suthakharan
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Rachael M. Hewitt
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Maria José Valencia López
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Nasim Tahmasebi Gandomkari
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Austin
- International Alliance of Dermatology Patient Organizations, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Allison FitzGerald
- International Alliance of Dermatology Patient Organizations, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Nick Courtier
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - Matthias Augustin
- Institute for Health Services Research in Dermatology and Nursing (IVDP), University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf (UKE), Hamburg, Germany
| | - Chris Bundy
- School of Healthcare Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff, Wales, United Kingdom
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Wickering L, Lautwein C, Nitsche H, Schneider M, Hechler T. Know Pain, No Pain? Preliminary Testing and Application of a New Tool to Assess Biopsychosocial Pain Concepts in Children. Children (Basel) 2023; 10:children10050814. [PMID: 37238362 DOI: 10.3390/children10050814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/27/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
To deliver tailored pain science education, assessing children's biopsychosocial pain concepts is necessary. As validated tools are lacking, a new tool is presented, the biopsychosocial pain concept matrix (BiPS matrix), which assesses children's biological, psychological, and social pain concepts in five domains according to the Common-Sense Model of Self-Regulation (Hagger and Orbell, 2003): (1) illness identity, (2) causes, (3) consequences, (4) duration, and (5) treatment. The present preliminary study aims to (1) assess the items' readability and understandability in cognitive interviews with N = 9 healthy children (9 to 19 years, M = 13.78 years, SD = 3.05; 44% female) and (2) pre-test the BiPS matrix within an online survey of N = 27 healthy children (9 to 19 years, M = 13.76 years, SD = 3.03; 56% female). Results revealed difficulties in understanding some items. Children's understanding increased with age. Age, chronic pain status, and pain in the social environment were positively associated with the BiPS total score, whereas the latter explained the most variance in pain concepts of children. Patient-focused methods such as cognitive interviews proved essential in testing the readability and understanding of items in children. Future studies are warranted to further validate the BiPS matrix.
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Affiliation(s)
- Linda Wickering
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Catherina Lautwein
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Hanna Nitsche
- Department of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy for Children and Adolescents, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Michael Schneider
- Department of Educational Psychology, University of Trier, 54296 Trier, Germany
| | - Tanja Hechler
- Department of Clinical Psychology for Children and Adolescents, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany
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Penton H, Dayson C, Hulme C, Young T. A Qualitative Investigation of Older Adults' Conceptualization of Quality of Life and a Think-Aloud Content Validation of the EQ-5D-5L, SF-12v2, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and Office of National Statistics-4. Value Health 2022; 25:2017-2027. [PMID: 35760713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Old age is characterized by declining health, comorbidities, and increasing health and social care service use. Traditionally, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the EQ-5D-5L and SF-12v2 have focused on health. Nevertheless, aged care often aims to improve broader elements of quality of life (QoL), captured by well-being measures, such as the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Office of National Statistics-4 (ONS-4). This study investigates older adults' conceptualization of QoL and the content validity of the EQ-5D-5L, SF-12v2, WEMWBS, and ONS-4 in measuring their QoL. METHODS Qualitative cognitive think-aloud interviews were undertaken with older adults aged 75+, exploring their views on what was important to QoL and, for each measure, the relevance, acceptability, and interpretation of items; suitability of response options; and the comprehensiveness of the measure. Conceptualization of QoL was analyzed thematically and content validity using framework analysis. RESULTS Twenty interviews were undertaken. Older adults' conceptualization of QoL centered on health, ability to perform usual activities, social contact, and emotional functioning. Possible response shift was observed, as older adults assessed their health relative to lower health expectations at their age or to people in worse states. Participants questioned the relevance of negatively phrased mental items and often preferred the functioning-focused EQ-5D-5L to more subjective ONS-4 and WEMWBS items. Domains suggested to improve comprehensiveness included social contact, coping, security, dignity, and control. CONCLUSIONS These findings are useful to researchers developing new PROMs for older adults or for the developers of included PROMs considering permanently adapting or bolting-on domains to improve content validity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Penton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK.
| | - Christopher Dayson
- Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Institute of Health Research, South Cloisters, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Tracey Young
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
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Effa C, Al Onazi MM, Spencer N, Pritchard L, Fletcher I, McNeely ML. Exploring the validity of the body image scale with survivors of breast cancer: A cognitive interview approach. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13717. [PMID: 36168095 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Revised: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study is to explore the construct validity of the Body Image Scale for Cancer Questionnaire (BIS) using cognitive interviews. METHODS Twelve breast cancer survivors participated in a cognitive interview while completing the BIS. Each participant was asked to think-out-loud while answering items, and an interviewer asked probing questions relating to the participants' comprehension, example retrieval, certainty of answer and other decision-making factors. Interviews were audio recorded and transcribed, and the data were analysed deductively and inductively. RESULTS The participants' interpretations of the questions varied significantly. Several participants perceived the phrasing of some questions to be leading. The participants were able to provide examples of how their physical, physiological and body function affected their body image. The participants expressed positive attitudes towards, and gratitude for their body, which was not captured by the questionnaire. At times, the participants felt uncertain in how to respond appropriately to specific items, and the participants found some items challenging to answer. Finally, the BIS included sensitive questions that elicited emotional reactions and discomfort for some participants. CONCLUSION The findings of this study provide insight into, and suggestions for potential questionnaire revisions that may enhance the validity and relevance of the BIS for use with breast cancer survivors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrie Effa
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mona M Al Onazi
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Nancy Spencer
- Faculty of Kinesiology, Sport and Recreation, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Lesley Pritchard
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Ian Fletcher
- Clinical Psychology, Division of Health Research, Lancaster University, Lancaster, UK
| | - Margaret L McNeely
- Faculty of Rehabilitation Medicine, Department of Physical Therapy, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Cross Cancer Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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Voils CI, Gavin KL, Thorpe CT, Pabich SK, Reeve BB, Mian GJ, Faacks A, Kronish IM. Validating a Self-Reported Medication Nonadherence Measure in the Context of Multiple Chronic Diseases and Routes of Medication Administration Among Patients with Type 2 Diabetes. Patient Prefer Adherence 2022; 16:3119-3130. [PMID: 36419584 PMCID: PMC9677928 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s382885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Patients with diabetes may take oral and injectable medications and often have comorbid chronic diseases. It is unclear whether to assess nonadherence for oral and injectable medications separately or combined and for comorbid conditions separately or combined. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS We conducted two cognitive interview studies among patients with type 2 diabetes who were prescribed medications for oral or injectable diabetes medications (Study 1) or at least one diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol medication (Study 2). Participants completed the two-domain DOSE-Nonadherence measure, which assesses extent of nonadherence and reasons for nonadherence. We asked about interpretation of instructions and items, recall period, ability to respond accurately with separate versus combined versions, and comprehensiveness of reasons for nonadherence to injectable medications. RESULTS Based on Study 1 (n=14), nonadherence to injectable and oral medications should be assessed separately. Participants believe they can respond accurately to 7-day recall period for daily medications and a one-month recall period for weekly injectable medications. New reasons for nonadherence to injectable medications were perceived as relevant. Based on Study 2 (n-12), nonadherence to medications for diabetes, blood pressure, and cholesterol should be assessed separately. CONCLUSION Although separate versions increase response time, it may improve accuracy. Responses to the measure can facilitate conversations about nonadherence between providers and patients to inform clinical decision-making.
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Affiliation(s)
- Corrine I Voils
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
- Correspondence: Corrine I Voils, University of Wisconsin Department of Surgery, 600 Highland Ave, K6/100 CSC, Madison, WI, 53792-1690, USA, Tel +1 608 262 9636, Fax +1 608 263 2354, Email
| | - Kara L Gavin
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Carolyn T Thorpe
- Veterans Affairs Pittsburgh Healthcare System, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Samantha K Pabich
- William S. Middleton Memorial Veterans Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Ghazan J Mian
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Aaron Faacks
- University of Wisconsin School of Medicine and Public Health, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Ian M Kronish
- Columbia University Irving Medical Center, New York, NY, USA
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Villafane-Bernier C, Lapointe J, Raîche C, Lauzier S, Chiquette J, Bouchard K, Pelletier S, Omeranovic A, Rhéaume J, Brousseau C, Hébert J, Dorval M, Nabi H. Cross-Cultural Adaptation and Validation of a French Version of the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale (GCSS) as an Outcome Measure of Genetic Counseling for Hereditary Breast and Ovarian Cancer. Healthcare (Basel) 2021; 9:1145. [PMID: 34574919 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare9091145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale (GCSS) is a widely used tool to evaluate patient satisfaction. To our knowledge, a validated French-language version of this tool is not yet available. This article reports on the cross-cultural adaptation and validation of a French version of the Genetic Counseling Satisfaction Scale (GCSS) to evaluate genetic counseling services for patient consultation in hereditary breast and ovarian cancer (HBOC). (2) Methods: The scale was culturally adapted following guidelines from Beaton et al. (2000). Cognitive interviews were conducted to ensure items were understood according to the intended meaning. The internal consistency, floor and ceiling effects, and testing of group differences were assessed using a sample of 172 patients who attended a pretest group genetic counseling session. (3) Results: Participants understood all items according to the intended meaning. The internal consistency was high for the total scale (0.90) and for the corrected item-to-total correlations (varying between 0.62 and 0.78). No floor or ceiling effects were observed. Group difference analyses generally followed expectations. (4) Conclusion: This process generated a French version of the GCSS that is clearly understood by patients, and has psychometric properties adequately in line those reported for its original English version.
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Ashok S, Kim SS, Heidkamp RA, Munos MK, Menon P, Avula R. Using cognitive interviewing to bridge the intent-interpretation gap for nutrition coverage survey questions in India. Matern Child Nutr 2021; 18:e13248. [PMID: 34431603 PMCID: PMC8710093 DOI: 10.1111/mcn.13248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Designing survey questions that clearly and precisely communicate the question's intent and elicit responses based on the intended interpretation is critical but often undervalued. We used cognitive interviewing to qualitatively assess respondents' interpretation of and responses to questions pertaining to maternal and child nutrition intervention coverage. We conducted interviews to cognitively test 25 survey questions with mothers (N = 21) with children less than 1 year in Madhya Pradesh, India. Each question was followed by probes to capture information on four cognitive stages—comprehension, retrieval, judgement, and response. Data were analysed for common and unique patterns across the survey questions. We identified four types of cognitive challenges: (1) retention of multiple concepts in long questions: difficulty in comprehending and retaining questions with three or more key concepts; (2) temporal confusion: difficulty in conceptualizing recall periods such as “in the last 6 months” as compared to life stages such as pregnancy; (3) interpretation of concepts: mismatch of information being asked, meaning of certain terms and intervention scope; and (4) understanding of technical terms: difficulty in understanding commonly used technical words such as “breastfeeding” and “antenatal care” and requiring use of simple alternative language. Findings from this study will be useful for stakeholders involved in survey design and implementation, especially those conducting large‐scale household surveys to measure coverage of essential nutrition interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sattvika Ashok
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Sunny S Kim
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rebecca A Heidkamp
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Melinda K Munos
- International Health, Johns Hopkins University Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Purnima Menon
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
| | - Rasmi Avula
- Poverty, Health, and Nutrition Division, International Food Policy Research Institute, New Delhi, India
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Wolcott MD, Lobczowski NG, Zeeman JM, McLaughlin JE. Exploring the Role of Item Scenario Features on Situational Judgment Test Response Selections. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8546. [PMID: 34315711 PMCID: PMC8341231 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To explore pharmacists' and pharmacy students' perceptions regarding the significance of changing the features of test item scenario (eg, switching from a health care to a non-health care context) on their situational judgment test (SJT) responses.Methods. Fifteen Doctor of Pharmacy students and 15 pharmacists completed a 12-item SJT intended to measure empathy. The test included six scenarios in a health care context and six scenarios in a non-health care context; participants had to rank potential response options in order of appropriateness and no two items could be of equal rank. Qualitative data were collected individually from participants using think-aloud and cognitive interview techniques. During the cognitive interview, participants were asked how they selected their final responses for each item and whether they would have changed their answer if features of the scenario were switched (eg, changed to a non-health care context if the original item was in a health care context). Interviews were transcribed and a thematic analysis was conducted to identify the features of the scenario for each item that were perceived to impact response selections.Results. Participants stated that they would have changed their responses on average 51.3% of the time (range 20%-100%) if the features of the scenario for an item were changed. Qualitative analysis identified four pertinent scenario features that may influence response selections, which included information about the examinee, the actors in the scenario, the relationship between examinee and actors, and details about the situation. There was no discernible pattern linking scenario features to the component of empathy being measured or participant type.Conclusion. Results from this study suggest that the features of the scenario described in an SJT item could influence response selections. These features should be considered in the SJT design process and require further research to determine the extent of their impact on SJT performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wolcott
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The University of North Carolina, Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | - Nikki G Lobczowski
- Carnegie Mellon University, Human-Computer Interaction Institute, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jacqueline M Zeeman
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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Wen CKF, Junghaenel DU, Newman DB, Schneider S, Mendez M, Goldstein SE, Velasco S, Smyth JM, Stone AA. The Effect of Training on Participant Adherence With a Reporting Time Frame for Momentary Subjective Experiences in Ecological Momentary Assessment: Cognitive Interview Study. JMIR Form Res 2021; 5:e28007. [PMID: 34037524 PMCID: PMC8190649 DOI: 10.2196/28007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2021] [Revised: 04/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ecological momentary assessment (EMA) has the potential to minimize recall bias by having people report on their experiences in the moment (momentary model) or over short periods (coverage model). This potential hinges on the assumption that participants provide their ratings based on the reporting time frame instructions prescribed in the EMA items. However, it is unclear what time frames participants actually use when answering the EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants’ adherence to the reporting instructions. Objective This study aims to investigate the reporting time frames participants used when answering EMA questions and whether participant training improves participants’ adherence to the EMA reporting timeframe instructions. Methods Telephone-based cognitive interviews were used to investigate the research questions. In a 2×2 factorial design, participants (n=100) were assigned to receive either basic or enhanced EMA training and randomized to rate their experiences using a momentary (at the moment you were called) or a coverage (since the last phone call) model. Participants received five calls over the course of a day to provide ratings; after each rating, participants were immediately interviewed about the time frame they used to answer the EMA questions. A total of 2 raters independently coded the momentary interview responses into time frame categories (Cohen κ=0.64, 95% CI 0.55-0.73). Results The results from the momentary conditions showed that most of the calls referred to the period during the call (57/199, 28.6%) or just before the call (98/199, 49.2%) to provide ratings; the remainder were from longer reporting periods. Multinomial logistic regression results indicated a significant training effect (χ21=16.6; P<.001) in which the enhanced training condition yielded more reports within the intended reporting time frames for momentary EMA reports. Cognitive interview data from the coverage model did not lend themselves to reliable coding and were not analyzed. Conclusions The results of this study provide the first evidence about adherence to EMA instructions to reporting periods and that enhanced participant training improves adherence to the time frame specified in momentary EMA studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng K Fred Wen
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Doerte U Junghaenel
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - David B Newman
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - Stefan Schneider
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Marilyn Mendez
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah E Goldstein
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Sarah Velasco
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, United States
| | - Arthur A Stone
- Dornsife Center for Self-Report Science, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States.,Department of Psychology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States
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15
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Park E, Kwon M. Testing the Digital Health Literacy Instrument for Adolescents: Cognitive Interviews. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e17856. [PMID: 33720031 PMCID: PMC8074835 DOI: 10.2196/17856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2020] [Revised: 07/21/2020] [Accepted: 01/10/2021] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite the increasing number of youth seeking health information on the internet, few studies have been conducted to measure digital health literacy in this population. The digital health literacy instrument (DHLI) is defined as a scale that measures the ability to operate digital devices and read and write in web-based modes, and it assesses seven subconstructs: operational skills, navigation skills, information searching, evaluating reliability, determining relevance, adding self-generated content to a web-based app, and protecting privacy. Currently, there is no validation process of this instrument among adolescents. Objective This study aims to explore the usability and content validity of DHLI. Methods Upon the approval of institutional review board protocol, cognitive interviews were conducted. A total of 34 adolescents aged 10-18 years (n=17, 50% female) participated in individual cognitive interviews. Two rounds of concurrent cognitive interviews were conducted to assess the content validity of DHLI using the thinking aloud method and probing questions. Results Clarity related to unclear wording, undefined technical terms, vague terms, and difficult vocabularies was a major issue identified. Problems related to potentially inappropriate assumptions were also identified. In addition, concerns related to recall bias and socially sensitive phenomena were raised. No issues regarding response options or instrument instructions were noted. Conclusions The initial round of interviews provided a potential resolution to the problems identified with comprehension and communication, whereas the second round prompted improvement in content validity. Dual rounds of cognitive interviews provided substantial insights into survey interpretation when introduced to US adolescents. This study examined the validity of the DHLI and suggests revision points for assessing adolescent digital health literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunhee Park
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
| | - Misol Kwon
- School of Nursing, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY, United States
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16
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Shepperd JA, Pogge G, Hunleth JM, Ruiz S, Waters EA. Guidelines for Conducting Virtual Cognitive Interviews During a Pandemic. J Med Internet Res 2021; 23:e25173. [PMID: 33577464 PMCID: PMC7954109 DOI: 10.2196/25173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2020] [Revised: 11/25/2020] [Accepted: 11/30/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged researchers working in physical contact with research participants. Cognitive interviews examine whether study components (most often questionnaire items) are worded or structured in a manner that allows study participants to interpret the items in a way intended by the researcher. We developed guidelines to conduct cognitive interviews virtually to accommodate interviewees who have limited access to the internet. The guidelines describe the essential communication and safety equipment requirements and outline a procedure for collecting responses while maintaining the safety of the participants and researchers. Furthermore, the guidelines provide suggestions regarding training of participants to use the technology, encouraging them to respond aloud (a potential challenge given that the researcher is not physically present with the participant), and testing and deploying the equipment prior to the interview. Finally, the guidelines emphasize the need to adapt the interview to the circumstances and anticipate potential problems that might arise.
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Affiliation(s)
- James A Shepperd
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Gabrielle Pogge
- Department of Psychology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Jean M Hunleth
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Sienna Ruiz
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Erika A Waters
- Department of Surgery, Division of Public Health Sciences, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, United States
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17
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Wolcott MD, Lobczowski NG, Zeeman JM, McLaughlin JE. Role of Knowledge and Experience in Situational Judgment Test Responses of Pharmacists and Pharmacy Students. Am J Pharm Educ 2021; 85:8194. [PMID: 34281820 PMCID: PMC7829683 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe8194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/17/2020] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To describe the role of examinee knowledge and experience in situational judgment test (SJT) response processes.Methods. Thirty participants (15 students and 15 pharmacists) completed a 12-item SJT on empathy. Each participant completed a think-aloud interview followed by a cognitive interview to elicit their understanding of the items and factors that influenced their response selections. Interviews were coded to identify references to general and job-specific knowledge and experiences. Utterances were quantified to explore differences in the occurrence based on the individual item, item setting (ie, health care or non-health care setting), participant type (ie, student or pharmacists), and empathy component being assessed (ie, affective or cognitive empathy).Results. Participants made 480 references to knowledge and experiences: 45.2% were job-specific knowledge or experiences, 27.5% were general knowledge or experiences, 17.9% related to a lack of experience, and 9.4% were nondescript and could not be distinguished. There were significant differences in the reference to general and job-specific knowledge or experiences based on whether the item scenario occurred in a health care or non-health care setting and the component of empathy being assessed. Experience references often included comments about location, actors, task, similarity, specificity, and recency; knowledge references were classified by information, strategies, and skills.Conclusion. Findings from this study suggest general and job-specific knowledge and experiences influence response processes in SJTs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael D Wolcott
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
- The University of North Carolina, Adams School of Dentistry, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
| | | | - Jacqueline M Zeeman
- The University of North Carolina, Eshelman School of Pharmacy, Chapel Hill, North Carolina
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18
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Oestreich T, Sayre G, O'Hare AM, Curtis JR, Wong SPY. Perspectives on Conservative Care in Advanced Kidney Disease: A Qualitative Study of US Patients and Family Members. Am J Kidney Dis 2020; 77:355-364.e1. [PMID: 33010356 PMCID: PMC8148987 DOI: 10.1053/j.ajkd.2020.07.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 07/25/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Rationale & Objective: Little is known about perceptions of conservative care among patients with advanced kidney disease in the United States. Study Design: Qualitative study using cognitive interviewing about attitudes regarding conservative care using decision aids on treatments for advanced kidney disease developed outside the United States. Setting & Participants: 14 patients 75 years or older with advanced kidney disease, defined as estimated glomerular filtration rate ≤ 20 mL/min/1.73 m2 and not receiving maintenance dialysis, and 6 of their family members. Analytical Approach: Thematic analysis of participants’ reactions to descriptions of conservative care taken from various clinical care decision aids. Results: Participants were mostly White (n = 15) and had at least some college education (n = 16). Four themes emerged from analysis of interviews: (1) core elements of conservative care: aspects of conservative care that were appealing to participants included a whole-person, team-based, and structured approach to care that focused on symptom management, maintaining current lifestyle, and managing health setbacks; (2) importance of how conservative care is framed: participants were more receptive to conservative care when this was framed as an active rather than passive treatment approach and were receptive to statements of uncertainty about future course of illness and prognosis; (3) an explicit approach to shared decision making: participants believed decisions about conservative care and dialysis should address considerations about risk and benefits of treatment options, family and clinician perspectives, and patients’ goals, values, and preferences; and (4) relationship between conservative care and dialysis: although conservative care models outside the United States are generally intended to serve as an alternative to dialysis, participants’ comments implied that they did not see conservative care and dialysis as mutually exclusive. Limitations: Themes identified may not generalize to the broader population of US patients with advanced kidney disease and their family members. Conclusions: Participants were favorably disposed to a whole-person multidisciplinary approach to conservative care, especially when framed as an active treatment approach. Models of conservative care excluding the possibility of dialysis were less embraced, suggesting that current models will require adaptation to meet the needs of US patients and their families. Conservative care is an important therapeutic option for patients with advanced kidney disease who believe that the burdens of dialysis are not outweighed by its potential benefits. However, efforts in this country to develop conservative options for patients who wish to pursue dialysis have lagged considerably behind those in other countries. In this study, we interviewed older patients with advanced kidney disease but not receiving maintenance dialysis and their family members about their reactions to descriptions of conservative care taken from decision aids developed in other countries. The findings suggest how models of conservative care developed in other countries could be adapted to meet the needs and preferences of US patients and their family members.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn Oestreich
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Health Services Research and Development Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - George Sayre
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Health Services Research and Development Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - Ann M O'Hare
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Health Services Research and Development Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA
| | - J Randall Curtis
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Cambia Palliative Care Center of Excellence, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Susan P Y Wong
- University of Washington, Seattle, WA; Health Services Research and Development Center, VA Puget Sound Health Care System, Seattle, WA.
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19
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Al-Sulami GS, Rice AM, Kidd L, O'Neill A, Richards KC, McPeake J. An Arabic Translation, Reliability, Validity, and Feasibility of the Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire for Sleep Quality Assessment in ICU: Prospective-Repeated Assessments. J Nurs Meas 2020; 27:E153-E169. [PMID: 31871294 DOI: 10.1891/1061-3749.27.3.e153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To translate Richards-Campbell Sleep Questionnaire (RCSQ) into the Arabic language (RCSQ-A), to assess content validity of the translated tool, to analyze the internal consistency, and to evaluate its feasibility. METHODS A rigorous translation was completed using the process of translation by World Health Organization. Cognitive debriefing interviews were performed. Repeated assessments using RCSQ-A was conducted in critical care patients in Saudi Arabia. RESULT Cronbach's alpha of .89 was seen in the RCSQ-A. The cognitive interviews showed that the RCSQ-A well understood and interpreted correctly and consistently. Fifty-seven participants reported their sleep using RCSQ-A a total of 110 times. CONCLUSION RCSQ-A has adequate translation validity, provided good internal consistency and content validity, making it suitable for use as a measurement tool in practice and research in Arabic-speaking countries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ghaida S Al-Sulami
- Nursing College, Department of Acute and Critical Care,Umm Al-Qura University, Saudi Arabia.,Nursing & Health Care School, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ann Marie Rice
- Nursing & Health Care School, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow
| | - Lisa Kidd
- Nursing & Health Care School, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow
| | - Anna O'Neill
- Nursing & Health Care School, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Kathy C Richards
- School of Nursing, University of Texas, Nursing School, Austin, Texas
| | - Joanne McPeake
- Nursing & Health Care School, School of Medicine Dentistry and Nursing, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom.,NHS Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, UK
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20
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Eltaybani S, Igarashi A, Yamamoto-Mitani N. Assessing the Palliative and End-of-Life Care Education-Practice-Competence Triad in Intensive Care Units: Content Validity, Feasibility, and Reliability of a New Tool. J Palliat Care 2020; 36:234-242. [PMID: 32779529 DOI: 10.1177/0825859720948972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, a comprehensive, psychometrically robust instrument to assess palliative and end-of-life (PEOL) care education, practice, and perceived competence among intensive care unit (ICU) nurses does not exist. OBJECTIVE To examine content validity and reliability of a proposed instrument to assess the PEOL care education-practice- competence triad among ICU nurses. METHODS An international modified e-Delphi and a cross-sectional pilot questionnaire survey. The Delphi involved 23 panelists from 11 countries. The pilot study involved 40 staff nurses and 3 nurse managers from 3 adult ICUs in a randomly selected hospital in Egypt. An instrument was developed and judged for content validity by international panelists, and then pretested in a pilot study, where data were collected at 2 time points using self-administered questionnaires, followed by cognitive interviews. Test-retest reliability was examined using intraclass correlation (ICC), standard error of measurement (SEM), and repeatability coefficient (RC). RESULTS The panelists confirmed content validity of the proposed instrument, and staff nurses confirmed its comprehensibility. At the level of the instrument's total scores, the lowest ICC was .9 (95% confidence interval: .8-.9); and the highest SEM and RC were 4.8 and 13.3, respectively. CONCLUSIONS The PEOL Care Index is a comprehensive, comprehensible, content valid, and reliable instrument to assess the PEOL care education-practice-competence triad among ICU nurses. Construct and criterion validities need to be confirmed in future studies. Applicability of the PEOL Care Index in different settings and cultures needs to be examined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameh Eltaybani
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-Term Care Nursing/Palliative Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan.,Department of Critical Care and Emergency Nursing, Faculty of Nursing, Alexandria University, Alexandria Governorate, Egypt
| | - Ayumi Igarashi
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-Term Care Nursing/Palliative Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Noriko Yamamoto-Mitani
- Department of Gerontological Home Care and Long-Term Care Nursing/Palliative Care Nursing, The University of Tokyo, Tokyo, Japan
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21
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Eland ND, Strand LI, Ostelo RW, Kvåle A, Magnussen LH. How do physiotherapists understand and interpret the "Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale"? A cognitive interview study. Physiother Theory Pract 2020; 38:513-527. [PMID: 32520655 DOI: 10.1080/09593985.2020.1774949] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
Background: The Pain Attitudes and Beliefs Scale (PABS) for physiotherapists aims to differentiate between clinicians' biomedical and biopsychosocial treatment orientations regarding nonspecific low back pain (LBP). Objective: To study the content validity of the Norwegian PABS by following international guidelines: exploring its relevance, comprehensibility and comprehensiveness. Methods: Cognitive interviews were performed using the Three-Step Test Interview, consisting of think-aloud techniques, retrospective probing and in-depth interviews. Eleven Norwegian physiotherapists with a diversity of professional backgrounds participated. Results: The participants encountered little difficulty in completing the PABS. All items were deemed relevant and important but five items had ambiguous formulations which can easily be handled. The biomedical subscale appeared to be a comprehensive representation of biomedical treatment orientation. The biopsychosocial subscale was found to lack items concerning cognitive behavioral aspects of LBP management, such as patient education, therapeutic alliance, shared decision making and graded exposure. Conclusions: This study provides empirical evidence that the Norwegian version of the PABS-PT is relevant and comprehensible, provided some minor adjustments. The biopsychosocial subscale, however, lacks comprehensiveness, as it is not able to capture important aspects of contemporary biopsychosocial best practice care. Measurement of biopsychosocial treatment orientation may therefore be incomplete.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolaas D Eland
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Inger Strand
- Physiotherapy Research Group, Department of Global Public Health and Primary Care, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Raymond W Ostelo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije University, Amsterdam Movement Sciences Research Institute, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Health Sciences, Faculty of Science, Vrije University, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Alice Kvåle
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
| | - Liv Heide Magnussen
- Department of Health and Social Sciences, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Bergen, Norway
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22
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Kim B, Aronowitz T. Using Cognitive Interviewing Methodology to Define Acculturation Among Asian American Women. J Transcult Nurs 2020; 32:336-343. [PMID: 32508280 DOI: 10.1177/1043659620932647] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Berry acculturation model (BAM) includes five measurement components. Current instruments do not examine all five components. This study's aim was to complete cognitive interviews with Asian American college-aged women using two frequently used measures and investigate whether all five BAM's components of acculturation are included. Methodology: This is a qualitative study using in-depth semistructured cognitive interviewing. Data were collected until saturation was reached (n = 20). Content analysis was completed. Results: Two themes emerged: Components of acculturation and survey structure. All components of BAM were evident in the data. The women agreed that physical, biological, cultural, and social relationships are important aspects of acculturation. The psychological component emerged as women discussed intergenerational conflicts related to acculturation. Discussion: Future research includes psychometric testing of a new acculturation instrument that incorporates all five components of BAM. A valid, comprehensive measure is needed to understand how AA women adapt to mainstream culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- BoRam Kim
- University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA, USA
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Zarnowiecki D, Byrne RA, Bodner GE, Bell LK, Golley RK. Improving the Reporting of Young Children's Food Intake: Insights from a Cognitive Interviewing Study with Mothers of 3-7-Year Old Children. Nutrients 2020; 12:E1645. [PMID: 32498296 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2020] [Revised: 05/14/2020] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Short food questions (SFQ) allow for rapid reporting of food intake across a variety of settings but are limited by poor validity and reliability. Understanding the recall process used by parents to report children’s food intake can improve question design and psychometric performance. This study aimed to improve understanding of how parents report children’s dietary intake using SFQ. Semi-structured, cognitive interviews were conducted with 21 mothers of 3–7-year-old children. Mothers were asked to ‘think-aloud’ while answering SFQ about their child’s food intake. Thematic analysis identified themes relating to parent’s question and answer process and barriers to recall. Information retrieval strategies focused on ‘use-of-time’ and ‘sphere of food provision’ and differed for core versus unhealthy foods. Recall of routine and home food provision were used to report core food intake, whereas recall of special occasions and food provision outside the home guided recall of discretionary foods. Mothers utilize different recall strategies for core and discretionary foods based on use of time and the sphere of food provision. The ease of reporting children’s dietary intake may be improved by utilizing a shorter recall time frame, clear and direct question wording, and use of food examples and recall prompts.
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Cunial KJ, Casey LM, Bell C, Kebbell MR. Investigative interviewing of youth with ADHD - recommendations for detective training. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2020; 27:797-814. [PMID: 33833610 PMCID: PMC8009112 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2020.1742241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in youth can lead to a trajectory of early and repeated contact with the criminal justice system (CJS), where such youth face significant challenges due to the nature of their diagnosis and the lack of specialized detective training in this area. This article reviews Australian detectives' perceptions regarding contact with ADHD-affected youth, ongoing contact of such youth with the CJS, and the impact of ADHD on interviewing time efficiency and quality of information gathered. It explores detectives' perceived impact of ADHD on components of the Cognitive Interview (CI). It overviews detectives' perceptions regarding their own skill/ability, training availability and future training preferences regarding the interviewing of ADHD-affected youth. The authors highlight best practice in specialized detective training, as well as in working with ADHD-affected youth. Recommendations are made regarding the design features of a potential specialized training programme for detectives interviewing ADHD-affected youth.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leanne M. Casey
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Clare Bell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Mark R. Kebbell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Bakker-van Gijssel EJ, Lucassen PLBJ, Olde Hartman TC, Assendelft WJJ, van Schrojenstein Lantman-de Valk HMJ. "Constructing a health assessment questionnaire for people with intellectual disabilities: A cognitive interview study". J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2019; 33:345-353. [PMID: 31602729 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2019] [Accepted: 09/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Health assessment instruments can help to raise awareness among general practitioners of specific health problems in people with intellectual disabilities (PID). The present authors developed a health assessment questionnaire using the cognitive interview technique (CI) to improve the comprehensibility. The utility of this approach to questionnaire development involving PID is assessed. METHOD A qualitative approach using the CI was employed. The study included PID and their caregivers. The present authors interviewed 14 participants in 5 subsequent rounds. After each round, the questionnaire was adjusted until saturation was reached. RESULTS Three hundred and sixty three identified problems led to 316 changes to the questionnaire. Most problems (102) concerned the comprehension of the question, followed by problems in the "missing answer categories" and "inaccurate instruction" section. CONCLUSION The comprehensible health assessment questionnaire can help PID to take an active role in communication with their GP. The use of CI helped to improve the questionnaire. CI is a usable and valuable procedure for PID.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther J Bakker-van Gijssel
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Siza, residential care facility for people with disabilities, Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Peter L B J Lucassen
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Tim C Olde Hartman
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Willem J J Assendelft
- Department of Primary and Community Care, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Thakral PP, Madore KP, Devitt AL, Schacter DL. Adaptive constructive processes: An episodic specificity induction impacts false recall in the Deese-Roediger-McDermott paradigm. J Exp Psychol Gen 2019; 148:1480-1493. [PMID: 30829522 PMCID: PMC6715504 DOI: 10.1037/xge0000577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Numerous studies indicate that an episodic specificity induction (ESI)-brief training in recollecting the details of a past experience-enhances performance on subsequent tasks that rely on episodic retrieval, including autobiographical memory, imagination, problem solving, and creative thinking. In 5 experiments, we examined whether these benefits of the ESI extend to reducing susceptibility to false memory, or whether they are accompanied by a cost in the form of increased susceptibility to false memory. To assess how ESI impacts false memory generation, we used the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm, a reliable procedure for generating false memories. When an ESI was administered after DRM list presentation and just before a free recall test, rates of false recall for critical lures were significantly enhanced relative to a control induction. These findings support the hypothesis that ESI operates to boost recollection of illusory episodic details associated with critical lures in the DRM, and suggest that constructive rather than reproductive episodic retrieval processes support the wide-ranging effects of ESI on a range of cognitive tasks. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2019 APA, all rights reserved).
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Silva JR, Fera B, Sudula S, Koetzle D, Schwalbe C. Cognitive Interviewing to Improve Questionnaires for Justice-Involved Youth. Int J Offender Ther Comp Criminol 2019; 63:1931-1951. [PMID: 30917703 DOI: 10.1177/0306624x19839597] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
This study demonstrates the utility of cognitive interviewing for survey and scale development in criminal justice research and identifies common comprehension problems with survey items for justice-involved youth. A cognitive interviewing strategy was utilized with a sample of youth who completed a survey examining risk factors for recidivism. A content analysis of interviews was used to identify patterns and to classify the nature and type of comprehension issues youth experienced. Five specific comprehension issues were identified including reading comprehension, item ambiguity, precondition binds, double-barreled questions, and double negatives. Findings illustrate the value of cognitive interviewing for pretesting survey items for justice-involved youth and provide further insight into issues surrounding word choice, question structure, and response sets. Results also point to the need to reassess the validity of established scales used in contemporary studies. Limitations of the current study and implications for future research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason R Silva
- 1 John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
- 2 The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Beth Fera
- 1 John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
- 2 The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | - Susruta Sudula
- 1 John Jay College of Criminal Justice, New York, NY, USA
- 2 The Graduate Center, City University of New York, NY, USA
| | | | - Craig Schwalbe
- 3 Columbia University School of Social Work, New York, NY, USA
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Abstract
The Cannabis Act legalized the possession and sale of nonmedical cannabis in Canada on October 17, 2018. Evaluating the impact of cannabis legalization requires a more thorough understanding than is provided by most existing measures of cannabis use. The aim of this study was to pretest a range of cannabis consumption measures used in a population-based survey and to share insights gained in the process. Cognitive interviewing was conducted among 10 cannabis users aged ≥16 years. Comprehension and self-reporting of consumption types and amounts, sources of purchase, and cannabinoid levels were examined. Findings revealed areas for improvement in a number of survey items, including unclear wording and reference images. Identified issues were used to improve the survey for use in the International Cannabis Policy Study. The authors discuss important principles (e.g., use of visual cues, user-selected units, and time frames) that should be adopted when assessing cannabis use in population-based studies.
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Flowe HD, Humphries JE, Takarangi MK, Zelek K, Karoğlu N, Gabbert F, Hope L. An experimental examination of the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on remembering a hypothetical rape scenario. Appl Cogn Psychol 2019; 33:393-413. [PMID: 31423049 PMCID: PMC6686984 DOI: 10.1002/acp.3531] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2018] [Revised: 01/18/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
We experimentally examined the effects of alcohol consumption and exposure to misleading postevent information on memory for a hypothetical interactive rape scenario. We used a 2 beverage (alcohol vs. tonic water) × 2 expectancy (told alcohol vs. told tonic) factorial design. Participants (N = 80) were randomly assigned to conditions. They consumed alcohol (mean blood alcohol content = 0.06%) or tonic water before engaging in the scenario. Alcohol expectancy was controlled by telling participants they were consuming alcohol or tonic water alone, irrespective of the actual beverage they were consuming. Approximately a week later, participants were exposed to a misleading postevent narrative and then recalled the scenario and took a recognition test. Participants who were told that they had consumed alcohol rather than tonic reported fewer correct details, but they were no more likely to report incorrect or misleading information. The confidence-accuracy relationship for control and misled items was similar across groups, and there was some evidence that metacognitive discrimination was better for participants who were told that they had consumed alcohol compared with those told they had tonic water. Implications for interviewing rape victims are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Kasia Zelek
- School of Neuroscience, Psychology and BehaviourUniversity of LeicesterLeicesterUK
| | | | - Fiona Gabbert
- Department of PsychologyGoldsmiths, University of LondonLondonUK
| | - Lorraine Hope
- Department of PsychologyUniversity of PortsmouthPortsmouthUK
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Houdmont J, Jachens L, Randall R, Hopson S, Nuttall S, Pamia S. What Does a Single-Item Measure of Job Stressfulness Assess? Int J Environ Res Public Health 2019; 16:E1480. [PMID: 31027356 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16091480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2019] [Revised: 04/18/2019] [Accepted: 04/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Single-item measures of global job stressfulness are increasingly used in occupational health research, yet their construct validity remains unexplored. This study used a qualitative approach to identify frames of reference that underlie self-ratings on such a measure. Data were collected from a convenience sample of 55 adults in full-time employment who completed a single-item measure inviting a rating of the extent to which their job is generally stressful. A cognitive interview schedule was used to explore the factors taken into account when providing a global rating, with thematic analysis applied to identify themes in the interview transcripts. The most common frames of reference were the presence of problematic psychosocial working conditions, particularly job demands. Health characteristics, predominantly poor psychological wellbeing, emerged as a further less dominant secondary theme. Almost half the sample cited four or more referents. In terms of the timeframe under consideration, most participants referred to a long timeframe such as their work in general, with some specifying their current job and, a few, recent weeks. These findings shed light on the frames of reference used to inform judgements on global job stressfulness elicited by a single-item measure and in doing so contribute to the evidence base to support the application of such measures in occupational health research and organisational psychosocial risk management activities.
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Cunial KJ, Casey LM, Bell C, Kebbell MR. Police perceptions of the impact that ADHD has on conducting cognitive interviews with youth. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2018; 26:252-273. [PMID: 31984076 PMCID: PMC6762124 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1504241] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 06/08/2018] [Accepted: 07/21/2018] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in youth witnesses, victims and suspects can significantly impact the investigative interviewing process. In this study, 102 Child Protection Investigation Unit (CPIU) detectives were asked to read four vignettes of adolescents being interviewed by police, two as witnesses and two as suspects, in which one witness and one suspect display ADHD-type behaviour. The detectives rated the degree to which the behaviour in each vignette would impact the interviewer's ability to use the 10 key components of the cognitive interview (CI). They perceived ADHD-type interviewee behaviour as significantly hampering the use of all 10 CI components. There is also a significant difference between the detectives' rated severity of each CI component; they rated Encourage Concentration, Mentally Recreate and Change Order as exerting the strongest impact on the interview process. Implications for police perceptions of training options, needs and preferences regarding interviewing youth with ADHD are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Leanne M. Casey
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Clare Bell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Mark R. Kebbell
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia
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32
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Ginet M, Dodier O, Bardin B, Désert M, Greffeuille C, Verkampt F. Perspective Effects on Recall in a Testimony Paradigm. J Gen Psychol 2018; 145:313-341. [PMID: 30325715 DOI: 10.1080/00221309.2018.1494126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The two present studies examined the influence of perspective instructions given during encoding and retrieval on the recall of a visual event. Participants viewed slides or a film depicting a day in the life of a man. Before viewing the to-be-remembered event, they were instructed to adopt the perspective of an alcoholic vs. an unemployed man vs. no perspective (Experiment 1), or of an unemployed man vs. no perspective (Experiment 2). Participants in the first study were interviewed twice, with the second recall being preceded by either a change perspective instruction or without any specific instruction. In the second study, participants were interviewed using either a cognitive interview (CI) or a CI without the change perspective instruction. Results showed that adopting a perspective during encoding impaired recall performance and failed to demonstrate a significant benefit of the change perspective instruction. The theoretical and practical implications of these results are discussed.
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33
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Dodier O, Tomas F. When psychological science fails to be heard: the lack of evidence-based arguments in a ministerial report on child sexual abuse. Psychiatr Psychol Law 2018; 26:385-395. [PMID: 31984084 PMCID: PMC6763119 DOI: 10.1080/13218719.2018.1506716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
One of the most debated issues in relation to child sexual abuse (CSA) is whether there should be a limitation period for prosecutions. In 2017 a French ministerial report was released proposing extension of the limitation period in part because of the sometimes long delay between the alleged events and the disclosure of the abuse. For this, the report relied on dissociative amnesia. It also advocated for the development of child victim interview protocols by victim associations. We show that dissociative amnesia is not consensual within the scientific community. Instead, we recommend scientifically reliable cognitive principles to explain the lack of memory. Moreover, interviewing techniques for children have already been designed by memory researchers to enhance recall and report of CSA, from which any uncontrolled deviation might put the child's testimony at risk. We conclude by advocating for the use of evidence-based psychology, and for co-operation between practitioners, judges and researchers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olivier Dodier
- Department of Psychology, Université Clermont
Auvergne, Clermont-Ferrand, France
- CLLE-LTC Laboratory, Université Toulouse Jean
Jaurès, Toulouse, France
| | - Frédéric Tomas
- Department of Psychology, Université Paris
8, Saint-Denis, France
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34
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Wixted JT, Mickes L, Fisher RP. In the DNA Exoneration Cases, Eyewitness Memory Was Not the Problem: A Reply to Berkowitz and Frenda (2018) and Wade, Nash, and Lindsay (2018). Perspect Psychol Sci 2018; 13:343-345. [PMID: 29716453 DOI: 10.1177/1745691618769859] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The available real-world evidence suggests that, on an initial test, eyewitness memory is often reliable. Ironically, even the DNA exoneration cases-which generally involved nonpristine testing conditions and which are usually construed as an indictment of eyewitness memory-show how reliable an initial test of eyewitness memory can be in the real world. We endorse the use of pristine testing procedures, but their absence does not automatically imply that eyewitness memory is unreliable.
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Affiliation(s)
- John T Wixted
- 1 Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego
| | - Laura Mickes
- 2 Department of Psychology, Royal Holloway, University of London
| | - Ronald P Fisher
- 3 Department of Psychology, Florida International University
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Muehlhausen W, Byrom B, Skerritt B, McCarthy M, McDowell B, Sohn J. Standards for Instrument Migration When Implementing Paper Patient-Reported Outcome Instruments Electronically: Recommendations from a Qualitative Synthesis of Cognitive Interview and Usability Studies. Value Health 2018; 21:41-48. [PMID: 29304939 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Revised: 07/01/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To synthesize the findings of cognitive interview and usability studies performed to assess the measurement equivalence of patient-reported outcome (PRO) instruments migrated from paper to electronic formats (ePRO), and make recommendations regarding future migration validation requirements and ePRO design best practice. METHODS We synthesized findings from all cognitive interview and usability studies performed by a contract research organization between 2012 and 2015: 53 studies comprising 68 unique instruments and 101 instrument evaluations. We summarized study findings to make recommendations for best practice and future validation requirements. RESULTS Five studies (9%) identified minor findings during cognitive interview that may possibly affect instrument measurement properties. All findings could be addressed by application of ePRO best practice, such as eliminating scrolling, ensuring appropriate font size, ensuring suitable thickness of visual analogue scale lines, and providing suitable instructions. Similarly, regarding solution usability, 49 of the 53 studies (92%) recommended no changes in display clarity, navigation, operation, and completion without help. Reported usability findings could be eliminated by following good product design such as the size, location, and responsiveness of navigation buttons. CONCLUSIONS With the benefit of accumulating evidence, it is possible to relax the need to routinely conduct cognitive interview and usability studies when implementing minor changes during instrument migration. Application of design best practice and selecting vendor solutions with good user interface and user experience properties that have been assessed in a representative group may enable many instrument migrations to be accepted without formal validation studies by instead conducting a structured expert screen review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bill Byrom
- ICON Clinical Research, Marlow, Buckinghamshire, UK.
| | | | | | | | - Jeremy Sohn
- Novartis Pharmaceuticals, Basel, Switzerland
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Karpen SC, Hagemeier NE. Assessing Faculty and Student Interpretations of AACP Survey Items with Cognitive Interviewing. Am J Pharm Educ 2017; 81:88. [PMID: 28720916 PMCID: PMC5508087 DOI: 10.5688/ajpe81588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Objective. To use cognitive interviewing techniques to determine faculty and student interpretation of a subset of items from the AACP faculty and graduating student surveys. Methods. Students and faculty were interviewed individually in a private room. The interviewer asked each respondent for his/her interpretation of 15 randomly selected items from the graduating student survey or 20 items from the faculty survey. Results. While many items were interpreted consistently by respondents, the researchers identified several items that were either difficult to interpret or produced differing interpretations. Conclusion. Several interpretational inconsistencies and ambiguities were discovered that could compromise the usefulness of certain survey items.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel C Karpen
- Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
| | - Nicholas E Hagemeier
- Gatton College of Pharmacy, East Tennessee State University, Johnson City, Tennessee
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Wurz A, Brunet J. Evaluating Questionnaires Used to Assess Self-Reported Physical Activity and Psychosocial Outcomes Among Survivors of Adolescent and Young Adult Cancer: A Cognitive Interview Study. J Adolesc Young Adult Oncol 2017; 6:482-488. [PMID: 28430009 DOI: 10.1089/jayao.2017.0005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Physical activity is increasingly being studied as a way to improve psychosocial outcomes (e.g., quality of life, self-efficacy, physical self-perceptions, self-esteem, body image, posttraumatic growth) among survivors of adolescent and young adult (AYA) cancer. Assessing levels of and associations between self-reported physical activity and psychosocial outcomes requires clear, appropriate, and relevant questionnaires. To explore how survivors of AYA cancer interpreted and responded to the following eight published questionnaires: Leisure Time Exercise Questionnaire, Exercise Self-Efficacy Scale, Physical Self-Description Questionnaire, Rosenberg Global Self-Esteem Scale, Multidimensional Body-Self Relations Questionnaire, Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), RAND 36-Item Health Survey 1.0 (RAND-36), cognitive interviews were conducted with three men and four women age 18-36 years who were diagnosed with cancer at age 16-35 years. Initially, the first seven questionnaires listed above were assessed. Summaries of the interviews were prepared and compared across participants. Potential concerns were identified with the FACT-G; thus, a second interview was conducted with participants to explore the clarity, appropriateness, and relevance of the RAND-36. Concerns identified for the FACT-G related mostly to the lack of relevance of items pertaining to cancer-specific aspects of quality of life given that participants were posttreatment. No or few concerns related to comprehension and/or structure/logic were identified for the other questionnaires. In general, the questionnaires assessed were clear, appropriate, and relevant. Participants' feedback suggested they could be used to assess self-reported physical activity and varied psychosocial outcomes in studies with survivors of AYA cancer, either with or without slight modifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Wurz
- 1 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada
| | - Jennifer Brunet
- 1 School of Human Kinetics, University of Ottawa , Ottawa, Canada .,2 Cancer Therapeutic Program, Ottawa Hospital Research Institute, The Ottawa Hospital, Ottawa, Canada .,3 Institut du Savoir Montfort - Recherche, Hôpital Montfort, Ottawa, Canada
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Min H, Vincent C, Matthews AK, McCreary LL, Park CG, Latimer M. Factors Affecting Korean Neonatal Infant Pain Care: Translation and Validation of Three Instruments. West J Nurs Res 2017; 40:222-241. [PMID: 28322663 DOI: 10.1177/0193945917690124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to translate three English-language instruments-Pain Knowledge and Use (PKU), Collaboration and Satisfaction About Care Decisions (CSACD), and Environmental Complexity Scale (ECS)-into Korean and evaluate the equivalence of the instrument versions. Three Korean translators and two senior reviewers translated the instruments' 56 items using a committee approach. Eight Korean experts evaluated the cultural relevance of the translated instruments using a content validity index (CVI), and 12 Korean neonatal nurses were interviewed to assess their understanding of items. In an expert panel review, the item-CVI was less than 0.78 for 14 items. Based on cognitive interviews, four items were found to be unsuitable in Korea. Based on expert panel review and cognitive interviews, unsuitable items were modified or deleted. In another expert panel review, the scale-CVI was 1.00 for the final instruments. The findings support the validity of the Korean-language PKU, CSACD, and ECS for research application.
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Theodore-Oklota C, Humphrey L, Wiesner C, Schnetzler G, Hudgens S, Campbell A. Validation of a treatment satisfaction questionnaire in non-Hodgkin lymphoma: assessing the change from intravenous to subcutaneous administration of rituximab. Patient Prefer Adherence 2016; 10:1767-1776. [PMID: 27695295 PMCID: PMC5028167 DOI: 10.2147/ppa.s108489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A subcutaneous (SC) formulation of rituximab (MabThera®/Rituxan®) has been developed that could reduce administration time and improve patient satisfaction with treatment. The Rituximab Administration Satisfaction Questionnaire (RASQ) was created to assess patients' perceptions and satisfaction with rituximab SC (RASQ-SC) or rituximab intravenous (RASQ-IV). We assessed the content validity and psychometric properties of RASQ in patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma. METHODS Face and content validity of RASQ-SC and RASQ-IV were qualitatively assessed using 60-minute combined concept elicitation and cognitive debriefing interviews. Psychometric validation of RASQ (item performance and reliability) was assessed quantitatively against the established Cancer Therapy Satisfaction Questionnaire (CTSQ), using questionnaire data from the PrefMab (NCT01724021) and MabCute (NCT01461928) clinical studies. RESULTS RASQ-IV demonstrated excellent coverage of concepts relevant to patients' (n=10) own treatment experiences and no new concepts were identified. Patients' expectations of rituximab SC were conceptually consistent with items included in the RASQ-SC, suggesting that the tool is also conceptually adequate. In 1,051 patients from PrefMab and MabCute, correlations with domains such as "RASQ: Physical Impacts" and "CTSQ: Feelings About Side Effects", "RASQ: Physical Impacts" and "CTSQ: Satisfaction With Therapy", and "RASQ: Satisfaction" and "CTSQ: Satisfaction With Therapy", achieved moderate-to-high correlations (>0.4) for convergent domains and <0.3 for divergent domains. CONCLUSION This study supports the qualitative face and content validity and psychometric validity of RASQ-IV and RASQ-SC. Minor revisions were made to the questionnaires to enhance clarity and aid consistent reporting.
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Lee H, Kiang P, Kim M, Semino-Asaro S, Colten ME, Tang SS, Chea P, Peou S, Grigg-Saito DC. Using qualitative methods to develop a contextually tailored instrument: Lessons learned. Asia Pac J Oncol Nurs 2015; 2:192-202. [PMID: 27981114 PMCID: PMC5123467 DOI: 10.4103/2347-5625.158018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2015] [Accepted: 04/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To develop a population-specific instrument to inform hepatitis B virus (HBV) and human papilloma virus (HPV) prevention education and intervention based on data and evidence obtained from the targeted population of Khmer mothers reflecting their socio-cultural and health behaviors. METHODS The principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR) guided the development of a standardized survey interview. Four stages of development and testing of the survey instrument took place in order to inform the quantitative health survey used to collect data in stage five of the project. This article reports only on Stages 1-4. RESULTS This process created a new quantitative measure of HBV and HPV prevention behavior based on the revised Network Episode Model and informed by the targeted population. The CBPR method facilitated the application and translation of abstract theoretical ideas of HBV and HPV prevention behavior into culturally-relevant words and expressions of Cambodian Americans (CAs). CONCLUSIONS The design of an instrument development process that accounts for distinctive socio-cultural backgrounds of CA refugee/immigrant women provides a model for use in developing future health surveys that are intended to aid minority-serving health care professionals and researchers as well as targeted minority populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haeok Lee
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Peter Kiang
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Minjin Kim
- Department of Nursing, College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, USA
| | - Semira Semino-Asaro
- University of San Diego Hahn School of Nursing and Health Science, San Diego, California, USA
| | | | - Shirley S. Tang
- Asian American Studies Program, School for Global Inclusion and Social Development, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, USA
| | | | - Sonith Peou
- Metta Health Center/Lowell Community Health Center, Lowell, MA, USA
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Ray-Kaeser S, Satink T, Andresen M, Martini R, Thommen E, Bertrand AM. European-French Cross-Cultural Adaptation of the Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire and Pretest in French-Speaking Switzerland. Phys Occup Ther Pediatr 2015; 35:132-46. [PMID: 25984807 DOI: 10.3109/01942638.2015.1009229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The Developmental Coordination Disorder Questionnaire (DCDQ'07) is a Canadian-English instrument recommended for screening children aged 5 to 15 years who are at risk for developmental coordination disorder. While a Canadian-French version of the DCDQ'07 presently exists, a European-French version does not. AIMS To produce a cross-cultural adaptation of the DCDQ'07 for use in areas of Europe where French is spoken and to test its cultural relevance in French-speaking Switzerland. METHODS Cross-cultural adaptation was done using established guidelines. Cultural relevance was analyzed with cognitive interviews of thirteen parents of children aged 5.0 to 14.6 years (mean age: 8.5 years, SD = 3.4), using think-aloud and probing techniques. RESULTS Cultural and linguistic differences were noted between the European-French, the Canadian-French, and the original versions of the DCDQ'07. Despite correct translation and expert committee review, cognitive interviews revealed that certain items of the European-French version were unclear or misinterpreted and further modifications were needed. CONCLUSIONS After rewording items as a result of the outcomes of the cognitive interview, the European-French version of the DCDQ'07 is culturally appropriate for use in French-speaking Switzerland. Further studies are necessary to determine its psychometric properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Ray-Kaeser
- 1Department of Occupational Therapy, School of Social Work and Health Sciences, EESP, Lausanne, University of Applied Sciences and Arts, Western Switzerland
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Tomlinson D, de Mol Van Otterloo S, O'Sullivan C, Gibson P, Johnston DL, Portwine C, Spiegler B, Baggott C, Tolend M, Dupuis LL, Sung L. Methodological issues identified during cognitive interviews in the development of a pediatric cancer symptom screening tool. Psychooncology 2015; 25:349-53. [PMID: 25920596 DOI: 10.1002/pon.3821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2014] [Revised: 02/09/2015] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Deborah Tomlinson
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Cathy O'Sullivan
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Paul Gibson
- Paediatric Haematology/Oncology Program, Children's Hospital, London Health Sciences Centre, London, ON, Canada
| | - Donna L Johnston
- Department of Hematology/Oncology, Children's Hospital of Eastern Ontario, Ottawa, ON, Canada
| | - Carol Portwine
- Hematology/Oncology, McMaster Children's Hospital at Hamilton Health Sciences, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Brenda Spiegler
- Department of Psychology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | | | - Mirkamal Tolend
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - L Lee Dupuis
- Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Department of Pharmacy, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Lillian Sung
- Child Health Evaluative Sciences, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.,Division of Haematology/Oncology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Nguyen BH, Nguyen CP, McPhee SJ, Stewart SL, Bui-Tong N, Nguyen TT. Cognitive Interviews of Vietnamese Americans on Healthy Eating and Physical Activity Health Educational Materials. Ecol Food Nutr 2015; 54:455-69. [PMID: 25782182 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2015.1015119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to better understand if a health educational presentation using culturally adapted materials was understandable and culturally appropriate, and that the content was retained, in an older Vietnamese American population. This study used cognitive interviewing. A convenient sampling was used to recruit eight participants by staff of a community-based organization from its client base. This is the first study to document that family eating style poses a challenge for estimating food intake among Vietnamese Americans. Participants who ate in a family eating style were not able to recall or estimate the number of servings of protein and vegetables. Some older Vietnamese Americans used food for healing and self-adjusted portion sizes from dietary recommendations. Cognitive interviewing is a useful method to improve comprehension, retention, and cultural appropriateness of health educational materials. Further nutrition research concerning intake measurement in ethnic groups that practice a family eating style is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bang H Nguyen
- a Cancer Prevention Institute of California , Fremont , California , USA
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Carbone F, Holvoet L, Vandenberghe A, Tack J. Functional dyspepsia: outcome of focus groups for the development of a questionnaire for symptom assessment in patients suffering from postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). Neurogastroenterol Motil 2014; 26:1266-74. [PMID: 25130784 DOI: 10.1111/nmo.12381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2013] [Accepted: 05/18/2014] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To date, no patient reported outcomes (PRO) instrument is available for evaluation of treatment efficacy in functional dyspepsia (FD)/postprandial distress syndrome (PDS). The aim of our study was to perform focus group interviews for the development of a new questionnaire for assessing symptom pattern and severity in PDS. METHODS Random ambulatory patients diagnosed with FD/PDS based on Rome III criteria and no predominant gastro-esophageal reflux disease (GERD) symptoms were invited to participate. Focus group sessions were organized where patients reported and discussed their symptoms, facilitated by an experienced physician. After reaching saturation of identified symptom items, questions for a pilot PRO instrument were drafted and evaluated in cognitive interviews for relevance, clarity, and consistency. KEY RESULTS Of 225 screened patients, 26 patients were diagnosed with PDS without overlapping GERD as single final diagnosis. Fifteen of these (87% female, 48 ± 3.2 years) participated in one of three focus groups. All (100%) confirmed experiencing symptoms that were triggered or aggravated by ingestion of a meal, corresponding to early satiation (100%), and postprandial fullness (100%). In addition reported gastroduodenal symptoms were nausea (40%, postprandial in all, interprandial in 20%), upper abdominal bloating (33%), excessive belching (27%), and vomiting (13%). Epigastric pain and burning were present in respectively 20% and 13%. Non-gastroduodenal symptoms that patients reported included heartburn (33%, but mostly sporadic), weight loss (93%, on average 5.0 ± 1.7 kg), and fatigue (67%). Questions evaluating these symptoms were validated in 15 cognitive interviews. CONCLUSIONS & INFERENCES This focus group study confirms symptoms corresponding to postprandial fullness and early satiation as the key items for developing a PRO for PDS.
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Abstract
This study used qualitative methods and quantitative statistical analyses to examine whether race and gender are associated with reasons for which adults perceive a situation or object as fearful. The sample consists of 197 African-American and White adults (ages 18-85) recruited through a convenience sample and community sources in the Midwest. A cognitive interviewing instrument was utilized to examine respondents understanding of words and phrases from a mental health instrument. Using qualitative methods, free-response answers were content coded using 5 "fear-codes" (i.e., harm/danger, external locus of control, self-perception, and past experience), developed by the researchers. Results from logistic regression analyses indicate that race significantly predicts usage of specific fear codes (p<.05). In addition, a race by gender interaction was found.
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Clarke J, Prescott K, Milne R. How effective is the cognitive interview when used with adults with intellectual disabilities specifically with conversation recall? J Appl Res Intellect Disabil 2013; 26:546-56. [PMID: 23640783 DOI: 10.1111/jar.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/02/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The cognitive interview (CI) has been shown to increase correct memory recall of a diverse range of participant types, without an increase in the number of incorrect or confabulated details. However, it has rarely been examined for use with adults with intellectual disability. MEASURES AND METHOD This study compared the memory recall of twenty-one adults with a mild intellectual disability (ID) (IQ 70-50) and twenty-one adults from the general population (GP). Participants viewed a film of a staged distraction theft and were interviewed using either the CI or the structured interview (SI). RESULTS The CI, when compared to the SI, enhanced the correct recall of person, action and conversation (gist) detail for both participant types, without increasing the number of incorrect or confabulated details reported. The ID group reported significantly less correct information than the GP regardless of the interview used. CONCLUSION The findings suggest that the CI can enable adults with intellectual disability to provide a fuller picture about an experienced event. Implications of this research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason Clarke
- Institute of Criminal Justice Studies, University of Portsmouth, Portsmouth, UK
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Aicken CRH, Gray M, Clifton S, Tanton C, Field N, Sonnenberg P, Johnson AM, Mercer CH. Improving questions on sexual partnerships: lessons learned from cognitive interviews for Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles ("Natsal-3"). Arch Sex Behav 2013; 42:173-185. [PMID: 22695641 PMCID: PMC3541929 DOI: 10.1007/s10508-012-9962-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2011] [Revised: 03/19/2012] [Accepted: 03/24/2012] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Patterns of sexual partnership formation and dissolution are key drivers of sexually transmitted infection transmission. Sexual behavior survey participants may be unable or unwilling to report accurate details about their sexual partners, limiting the potential to capture information on sexual mixing and timing of partnerships. We examined how questions were interpreted, including recall strategies and judgments made in selecting responses, to inform development of a module on recent sexual partnerships in Britain's third National Survey of Sexual Attitudes and Lifestyles ("Natsal-3"). Face-to-face cognitive interviews were conducted with 14 men and 18 women aged 18-74 years, during development work for Natsal-3. People with multiple recent partners were purposively sampled and questions were presented as a computer-assisted self-interview. Participants were generally agreeable to answering questions about their sexual partners and practices. Interpretation of questions designed to measure concurrent (overlapping) partnerships was broadly consistent with the epidemiological concept of concurrency. Partners' ages, genders, ethnicity, and participants' perceptions of whether partner(s) had had concurrent partnerships were reported without offense. Recall problems and lack of knowledge were reported by some participants (of all ages), especially about former, casual, and/or new partnerships, and some reported guessing partners' ages and dates of sex. Generally, participants were able to answer questions about their sexual partners accurately, even when repeated for multiple partners. Cognitive interviews provided insight into the participants' understanding of, ability to answer, and willingness to answer questions. This enabled us to improve questions used in previous surveys, refine new questions, and ensure the questionnaire order was logical for participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine R. H. Aicken
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | | | | | - Clare Tanton
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Nigel Field
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Pam Sonnenberg
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Anne M. Johnson
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
| | - Catherine H. Mercer
- Centre for Sexual Health and HIV Research, Research Department of Infection and Population Health, University College London, 3rd Floor Mortimer Market Centre, off Capper Street, London, WC1E 6JB UK
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