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Shetty S, Baig N, Sengupta D, Farha OK, Alameddine B. Tröger's Base-Enriched Conjugated Cyclopentannulated Copolymers: Prominent Adsorbents of CO 2, H 2, and Iodine. ACS Appl Mater Interfaces 2024; 16:8130-8139. [PMID: 38315161 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.3c18055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2024]
Abstract
Three copolymers with conjugated structures, PTB1-PTB3, were produced utilizing a palladium-catalyzed cyclopentannulation polymerization by reacting a specially designed diethynyl Tröger's base surrogate with different dihalogenated polycondensed aromatic hydrocarbons. Brunauer, Emmet, and Teller nitrogen gas adsorption investigation revealed the surface areas of the copolymers, attaining ∼365 m2 g-1. Gas uptake studies demonstrated a considerable carbon dioxide uptake for PTB2 of 44.41 mg g-1 at 273 K and a promising H2 gas uptake of 3.18 mg g-1 at 77 K. PTB1-PTB3 displayed a sizable iodine adsorption capacity, achieving 4000 mg g-1, and mechanistic investigations demonstrated the prevalence of a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Recyclability experiments proved the effective regeneration of the copolymers, even after performing several adsorption and desorption tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
| | - Debabrata Sengupta
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Omar K Farha
- Department of Chemistry, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- International Institute of Nanotechnology, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Northwestern University, 2145 Sheridan Road, Evanston, Illinois 60208, United States
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah, Hawally 32093, Kuwait
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2
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Shetty S, Baig N, Wahed SA, Hassan A, Das N, Alameddine B. Iodine and Nickel Ions Adsorption by Conjugated Copolymers Bearing Repeating Units of Dicyclopentapyrenyl and Various Thiophene Derivatives. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:4153. [PMID: 37896396 PMCID: PMC10611155 DOI: 10.3390/polym15204153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/17/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The synthesis of three conjugated copolymers TPP1-3 was carried out using a palladium-catalyzed [3+2] cycloaddition polymerization of 1,6-dibromopyrene with various dialkynyl thiophene derivatives 3a-c. The target copolymers were obtained in excellent yields and high purity, as confirmed by instrumental analyses. TPP1-3 were found to divulge a conspicuous iodine adsorption capacity up to 3900 mg g-1, whereas the adsorption mechanism studies revealed a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. Furthermore, recyclability tests of TPP3, the copolymer which revealed the maximum iodine uptake, disclosed its efficient regeneration even after numerous adsorption-desorption cycles. Interestingly, the target copolymers proved promising nickel ions capture efficiencies from water with a maximum equilibrium adsorption capacity (qe) of 48.5 mg g-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchetha Shetty
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Noorullah Baig
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
| | - Sk Abdul Wahed
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Atikur Hassan
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Neeladri Das
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Technology Patna, Patna 801106, Bihar, India (A.H.); (N.D.)
| | - Bassam Alameddine
- Department of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
- Functional Materials Group, Gulf University for Science and Technology, Mubarak Al-Abdullah 32093, Kuwait
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Xu Z, Wang B, Kong L, Zhao J, Du Y. Synthesis and Characterization of Solution-Processible Donor-Acceptor Electrochromic Conjugated Copolymers Based on Quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine as the Acceptor Unit. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:polym15040940. [PMID: 36850223 PMCID: PMC9965564 DOI: 10.3390/polym15040940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Donor-acceptor (D-A) type conjugated polymers are of high interest in the field of electrochromism. In this study, three novel conjugated copolymers (PBPE-1, PBPE-2 and PBPE-3) based on quinoxalino[2',3':9,10]phenanthro[4,5-abc]phenazine (A) as the acceptor unit and 4,8-bis((2-octyldodecyl)oxy)benzo[1,2-b:4,5-b']dithiophene (D1) and 3,3-didecyl-3,4-dihydro-2H-thieno[3,4-b][1,4]dioxepine (ProDOT-decyl2, D2) as the donor units with different donor-to-acceptor ratios were successfully synthesized through Stille coupling polymerization. The polymers were then characterized by cyclic voltammetry (CV), fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectoscopy, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), spectroelectrochemistry, thermogravimetry (TG), electrochromic switching and colorimetry. Optical band gap values were calculated as 1.99 eV, 2.02 eV and 2.03 eV, respectively. The three copolymers have good solubility, distinct redox peaks, wide absorption spectra, good thermal stabilities, bright color changes and significant electrochromic switching properties. Compared to the other two copolymers, the PBPE-3 film exhibited high coloration efficiency values of 513 cm2·C-1 at 504 nm and 475 cm2·C-1 at 1500 nm. The films have the advantage of exhibiting cathodic and anodic coloration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhen Xu
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Bozhen Wang
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Shandong University of Technology, Zibo 255049, China
| | - Lingqian Kong
- Dongchang College, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
| | - Jinsheng Zhao
- Shandong Key Laboratory of Chemical Energy Storage and Novel Cell Technology, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
| | - Yuchang Du
- Key Laboratory of Jiangxi University for Applied Chemistry and Chemical Biology, College of Chemistry and Bioengineering, Yichun University, Yichun 336000, China
- Correspondence: (J.Z.); (Y.D.)
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Lazanas AC, Katsouras A, Spanos M, Manesi GM, Moutsios I, Vashurkin DV, Moschovas D, Gioti C, Karakassides MA, Gregoriou VG, Ivanov DA, Chochos CL, Avgeropoulos A. Synthesis and Characterization of Hybrid Materials Derived from Conjugated Copolymers and Reduced Graphene Oxide. Polymers (Basel) 2022; 14:polym14235292. [PMID: 36501686 PMCID: PMC9737337 DOI: 10.3390/polym14235292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Revised: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 11/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study the preparation of hybrid materials based on reduced graphene oxide (rGO) and conjugated copolymers is reported. By tuning the number and arrangement of thiophenes in the main chain (indacenothiophene or indacenothienothiophene) and the nature of the polymer acceptor (difluoro benzothiadiazole or diketopyrrolopyrrole) semiconducting copolymers were synthesized through Stille aromatic coupling and characterized to determine their molecular characteristics. The graphene oxide was synthesized using the Staudenmaier method and was further modified to reduced graphene oxide prior to structural characterization. Various mixtures with different rGO quantities and conjugated copolymers were prepared to determine the optoelectronic, thermal and morphological properties. An increase in the maximum absorbance ranging from 3 to 6 nm for all hybrid materials irrespective of the rGO concentration, when compared to the pristine conjugated copolymers, was estimated through the UV-Vis spectroscopy indicating a differentiation on the optical properties. Through voltammetric experiments the oxidation and reduction potentials were determined and the calculated HOMO and LUMO levels revealed a decrease on the electrochemical energy gap for low rGO concentrations. The study indicates the potential of the hybrid materials consisting of graphene oxide and high band gap conjugated copolymers for applications related to organic solar cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandros Ch. Lazanas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Athanasios Katsouras
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Michael Spanos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Gkreti-Maria Manesi
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Ioannis Moutsios
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
| | - Dmitry V. Vashurkin
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Dimitrios Moschovas
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | - Christina Gioti
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
| | | | - Vasilis G. Gregoriou
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitri A. Ivanov
- Institut de Sciences des Matériaux de Mulhouse—IS2M, CNRS UMR7361, 15 Jean Starcky, 68057 Mulhouse, France
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Institute of Problems of Chemical Physics, Russian Academy of Sciences, Chernogolovka, 142432 Moscow, Russia
| | - Christos L. Chochos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- National Hellenic Research Foundation (NHRF), 48 Vassileos Constantinou Avenue, 11635 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +30-26-5100-9001 (A.A.)
| | - Apostolos Avgeropoulos
- Department of Materials Science Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, Greece
- Faculty of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 9MSU, GSP-1, 1-3 Leninskiye Gory, 119991 Moscow, Russia
- Correspondence: (C.L.C.); (A.A.); Tel.: +30-26-5100-9001 (A.A.)
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Murad AR, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Abdullah SN, Brza MA, Saeed SR, Abdulwahid RT. Fabrication of Alternating Copolymers Based on Cyclopentadithiophene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide with Reduced Optical Band Gap: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal, and Structural Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E63. [PMID: 33375228 PMCID: PMC7795047 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
A series of alternating copolymers containing cyclopentadithiophene (CPDT) flanked by thienyl moieties as electron-donor units and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units were designed and synthesized for solar cell applications. Different solubilizing side chains, including 2-ethylhexyl chains and n-octyl chains were attached to CPDT units, whereas 3,7-dimethyloctyl chains and n-octyl chains were anchored to the BTDI moieties. The impact of these substituents on the solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, and thermal and structural properties of the resulting polymers was investigated. PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO was synthesized via Suzuki polymerization, whereas PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO, and PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, 8 were prepared through direct arylation polymerization. PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO has the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 17,400 g mol-1) among all polymers prepared. The PCPDTDTBTDI-8, DMO and PCPDTDTBTDI-8, 8 which have n-octyl substituents on their CPDT units have comparable optical band gaps (Eg ~ 1.3 eV), which are around 0.1 eV lower than PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO analogues that have 2-ethylhexyl substituents on their CPDT units. The polymers have their HOMO levels between -5.10 and -5.22 eV with PCPDTDTBTDI-EH, DMO having the deepest highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) energy level. The lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) levels of the polymers are between -3.4 and -3.5 eV. All polymers exhibit good thermal stability with decomposition temperatures surpassing 350 °C. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that all polymers have the amorphous nature in solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Gombak 53100, Malaysia
| | - Salah R. Saeed
- Charmo Research Center, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq;
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
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Murad AR, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Almeataq MS, Abdullah SN, Brza MA. Characteristics of Low Band Gap Copolymers Containing Anthracene-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide: Synthesis, Optical, Electrochemical, Thermal and Structural Studies. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 13:E62. [PMID: 33375767 PMCID: PMC7795893 DOI: 10.3390/polym13010062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Two novel low band gap donor-acceptor (D-A) copolymers, poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4',7'-bis(2-thienyl)-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole-N-5,6-(3,7-dimethyloctyl)dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-DMO) and poly[9,10-bis(4-(dodecyloxy)phenyl)-2,6-anthracene-alt-5,5-(4',7'-bis(2-thienyl)-2',1',3'-benzothiadiazole-5,6-N-octyl-dicarboxylic imide)] (PPADTBTDI-8) were synthesized in the present work by copolymerising the bis-boronate ester of 9,10-phenylsubstituted anthracene flanked by thienyl groups as electron-donor units with benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron-acceptor units. Both polymers were synthesized in good yields via Suzuki polymerisation. Two different solubilizing alkyl chains were anchored to the BTDI units in order to investigate the impact upon their solubilities, molecular weights, optical and electrochemical properties, structural properties and thermal stability of the resulting polymers. Both polymers have comparable molecular weights and have a low optical band gap (Eg) of 1.66 eV. The polymers have low-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels of about -5.5 eV as well as the similar lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels of -3.56 eV. Thermogravimetric analyses (TGA) of PPADTBTDI-DMO and PPADTBTDI-8 did not prove instability with decomposition temperatures at 354 and 313 °C, respectively. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies have shown that both polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state, which could be used as electrolytes in optoelectronic devices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK;
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
- Department of Civil Engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | | | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - Mohamad A. Brza
- Department of Manufacturing and Materials Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, International Islamic University of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 53100, Malaysia;
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R. Murad A, Iraqi A, Aziz SB, Hi H, N. Abdullah S, Brza MA, Abdulwahid RT. Influence of Fluorine Substitution on the Optical, Thermal, Electrochemical and Structural Properties of Carbazole-Benzothiadiazole Dicarboxylic Imide Alternate Copolymers. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E2910. [PMID: 33291677 PMCID: PMC7761964 DOI: 10.3390/polym12122910] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/01/2020] [Accepted: 12/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work four novel donor-acceptor copolymers, PCDTBTDI-DMO, PCDTBTDI-8, P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8, were designed and synthesised via Suzuki polymerisation. The first two copolymers consist of 2,7-carbazole flanked by thienyl moieties as the electron donor unit and benzothiadiazole dicarboxylic imide (BTDI) as electron acceptor units. In the structures of P2F-CDTBTDI-DMO and P2F-CDTBTDI-8 copolymers, two fluorine atoms were incorporated at 3,6-positions of 2,7-carbazole to investigate the impact of fluorine upon the optoelectronic, structural and thermal properties of the resulting polymers. P2F-CDTBTDI-8 possesses the highest number average molecular weight (Mn = 24,200 g mol-1) among all the polymers synthesised. PCDTBTDI-DMO and PCDTBTDI-8 show identical optical band gaps of 1.76 eV. However, the optical band gaps of fluorinated copolymers are slightly higher than non-fluorinated counterparts. All polymers have deep-lying highest occupied molecular orbital (HOMO) levels. Changing the alkyl chain substituents on BTDI moieties from linear n-octyl to branched 3,7-dimethyloctyl groups as well as substituting the two hydrogen atoms at 3,6-positions of carbazole unit by fluorine atoms has negligible impact on the HOMO levels of the polymers. Similarly, the lowest unoccupied molecular orbital (LUMO) energy levels are almost comparable for all polymers. Thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) has shown that all polymers have good thermal stability and also confirmed that the fluorinated copolymers have higher thermal stability relative to those non-fluorinated analogues. Powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) studies proved that all polymers have an amorphous nature in the solid state.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ary R. Murad
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, College of Medical and Applied Sciences, Charmo University, Chamchamal, Sulaimani 46023, Iraq;
| | - Ahmed Iraqi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Shujahadeen B. Aziz
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Civil engineering, College of Engineering, Komar University of Science and Technology, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
| | - Hunan Hi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S3 7HF, UK; (A.I.); (H.H.)
| | - Sozan N. Abdullah
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq;
| | - M. A. Brza
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
| | - Rebar T. Abdulwahid
- Hameed Majid Advanced Polymeric Materials Research Lab., Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Sulaimani, Qlyasan Street, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq; (M.A.B.); (R.T.A.)
- Department of Physics, College of Education, Old Campus, University of Sulaimani, Kurdistan Regional Government, Sulaimani 46001, Iraq
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Veeramuthu L, Venkatesan M, Liang FC, Benas JS, Cho CJ, Chen CW, Zhou Y, Lee RH, Kuo CC. Conjugated Copolymers through Electrospinning Synthetic Strategies and Their Versatile Applications in Sensing Environmental Toxicants, pH, Temperature, and Humidity. Polymers (Basel) 2020; 12:E587. [PMID: 32150907 PMCID: PMC7182922 DOI: 10.3390/polym12030587] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated copolymers (CCPs) are a class of polymers with excellent optical luminescent and electrical conducting properties because of their extensive π conjugation. CCPs have several advantages such as facile synthesis, structural tailorability, processability, and ease of device fabrication by compatible solvents. Electrospinning (ES) is a versatile technique that produces continuous high throughput nanofibers or microfibers and its appropriate synchronization with CCPs can aid in harvesting an ideal sensory nanofiber. The ES-based nanofibrous membrane enables sensors to accomplish ultrahigh sensitivity and response time with the aid of a greater surface-to-volume ratio. This review covers the crucial aspects of designing highly responsive optical sensors that includes synthetic strategies, sensor fabrication, mechanistic aspects, sensing modes, and recent sensing trends in monitoring environmental toxicants, pH, temperature, and humidity. In particular, considerable attention is being paid on classifying the ES-based optical sensor fabrication to overcome remaining challenges such as sensitivity, selectivity, dye leaching, instability, and reversibility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Loganathan Veeramuthu
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Manikandan Venkatesan
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Fang-Cheng Liang
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Jean-Sebastien Benas
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chia-Jung Cho
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Chin-Wen Chen
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
| | - Ye Zhou
- Institute for Advanced Study, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China;
| | - Rong-Ho Lee
- Department of Chemical Engineering, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung 402, Taiwan;
| | - Chi-Ching Kuo
- Institute of Organic and Polymeric Materials, Research and Development Center of Smart Textile Technology, National Taipei University of Technology, Taipei 10608, Taiwan; (L.V.); (M.V.); (F.-C.L.); (J.-S.B.); (C.-W.C.)
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Ni Z, Dong H, Wang H, Ding S, Zou Y, Zhao Q, Zhen Y, Liu F, Jiang L, Hu W. Quinoline-Flanked Diketopyrrolopyrrole Copolymers Breaking through Electron Mobility over 6 cm 2 V -1 s -1 in Flexible Thin Film Devices. Adv Mater 2018; 30:1704843. [PMID: 29345386 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201704843] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Revised: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Herein, the design and synthesis of novel π-extended quinoline-flanked diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) [abbreviated as QDPP] motifs and corresponding copolymers named PQDPP-T and PQDPP-2FT for high performing n-type organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) in flexible organic thin film devices are reported. Serving as DPP-flankers in backbones, quinoline is found to effectively tune copolymer optoelectric properties. Compared with TDPP and pyridine-flanked DPP (PyDPP) analogs, widened bandgaps and strengthened electron deficiency are achieved. Moreover, both hole and electron mobility are improved two orders of magnitude compared to those of PyDPP analogs (PPyDPP-T and PPyDPP-2FT). Notably, featuring an all-acceptor-incorporated backbone, PQDPP-2FT exhibits electron mobility of 6.04 cm2 V-1 s-1 , among the highest value in OFETs fabricated on flexible substrates to date. Moreover, due to the widened bandgap and strengthened electron deficiency of PQDPP, n-channel on/off ratio over 105 with suppressed hole transport is first realized in the ambipolar DPP-based copolymers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenjie Ni
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
| | - Huanli Dong
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Hanlin Wang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Shang Ding
- Beijing Key Laboratory for Optical Materials and Photonic Devices, Department of Chemistry, Capital Normal University, Beijing, 100048, P. R. China
| | - Ye Zou
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Zhao
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Yonggang Zhen
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Feng Liu
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, 200240, P. R. China
| | - Lang Jiang
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, P. R. China
| | - Wenping Hu
- Beijing National Laboratory for Molecular Sciences, Key Laboratory of Organic Solids, Institute of Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100190, P. R. China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Molecular Optoelectronic Sciences, Department of Chemistry, School of Science, Tianjin University, and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemical Science and Engineering (Tianjin), Tianjin, 300072, P. R. China
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He T, Tang D, Lin C, Shen X, Lu C, Xu L, Gu Z, Xu Z, Qiu H, Zhang Q, Yin S. Conjugated Polymers Containing BODIPY and Fluorene Units for Sensitive Detection of CN - Ions: Site-Selective Synthesis, Photo-Physical and Electrochemical Properties. Polymers (Basel) 2017; 9:E512. [PMID: 30965814 DOI: 10.3390/polym9100512] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2017] [Revised: 10/09/2017] [Accepted: 10/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Conjugated polymers containing distinct molecular units are expected to be very interesting because of their unique properties endowed by these units and the formed conjugated polymers. Herein, four new conjugated copolymers based on fluorene and 4,4’-difluoro-4-bora-3a,4a-diaza-s-indacene (BODIPY) have been designed and synthesized via Sonogashira polymerization. The fluorene unit was attached to the 3,5- or 2,6-positions of BODIPY by ethynylenes or p-diacetylenebenzene. The obtained polymers show good thermal stability and broad absorption in the wavelength range from 300 to 750 nm. The effects of site-selective copolymerization and conjugation length along the polymer backbone on the optoelectronic and electrochemical properties of these copolymers were systematically studied by UV-Vis spectroscopy, photoluminescence (PL) and cyclic voltammetry. Besides, it is found that the BODIPY-based copolymers exhibit selectively sensitive responses to cyanide anions, resulting in obvious change of UV-Vis absorption spectra and significant fluorescence quenching of the polymers among various common anions.
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Kim JH, Lee DH, Yang DS, Heo DU, Kim KH, Shin J, Kim HJ, Baek KY, Lee K, Baik H, Cho MJ, Choi DH. Novel polymer nanowire crystals of diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer with excellent charge transport properties. Adv Mater 2013; 25:4102-4106. [PMID: 23780712 DOI: 10.1002/adma.201301536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2013] [Revised: 05/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
The first demonstration of polymer nanowire (PNW) crystals based on a diketopyrrolopyrrole-based copolymer (i.e., PDTTDPP), and their application to field-effect transistors (FETs) is reported. Remarkably, transmission electron microscopy and selected area electron diffraction analyses of the PNW reveal its single-crystalline (SC) nature. FETs fabricated of a SC PNW exhibit a maximal charge carrier mobility of ≈7.00 cm(2) V(-1) s(-1) , which is almost one order of magnitude higher than that of the thin-film transistors made of the same polymer (PDTTDPP).
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Ho Kim
- Dept. of Chemistry, Research Institute for Natural Sciences, Korea University, 5 Anam-dong, Sungbuk-gu, Seoul, Korea
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